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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/FileCoyote.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>I didn’t grow up in a rural isolated town. I grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area and animals had a great deal of influence on my childhood.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked what I wanted to be when I grew up, I always answered a tiger trainer. I loved animals and I lived in a suburb where contact with wildlife was common. My mom would go into hysterics every time my brother or I would bring home a lizard or a snake found on the way home from school. Growing up in Orinda, we had a creek that ran the perimeter of our backyard. Many days, my brother and I would scramble down its length on a grand adventure. We found fish, lizards, snakes, rodents and fresh water crawdads and most often one or two would find their way home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was twelve, we moved to the adjoining town, Moraga. I ran cross-country in high school and we ran the reservoir trails often. We were told to run in packs because of the mountain lions that lived in the area. One mountain lion was seen crossing the bike trail one day in the middle of town. We had coyotes running and howling behind our house each night and a wild turkey even adopted us and lived in our backyard for over a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t grow up in a rural isolated town. I grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area and animals had a great deal of influence on my childhood. My family’s expert for native wildlife was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlife-museum.org/\">Lindsay Wildlife Museum\u003c/a>. The museum’s goal is and has historically been to connect people with wildlife to inspire responsibility and respect for the world we share. Alexander Lindsay founded the museum in the early 1950’s. The museum started out in an elementary school and taught school children about the natural world through classes and field trips. In 1965, the museum was moved to a permanent station in Walnut Creek in Larkey park. A 5000 square foot unoccupied water pump house housed the museum and it was here were they first displayed non-releasable native animals. I have very fond memories of the pump house. I can still picture its halls and the locations of my favorite bobcat. We used to call when we had animal questions, be it an injured bird or lizard and once when a brand new fawn wandered into our yard. The Lindsay Wildlife Museum often got calls about lost or injured animals and started a rehabilitation program in 1970; it was the first program of its kind in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My goal as a child was to become an interpretive guide at the Lindsay Wildlife Museum. Back then you had to be thirteen to apply. (Now you can be as young as 12.) Right when I turned thirteen I applied; however, I was turned down and was completely devastated. I applied again later that year and was accepted. I loved volunteering at the museum; I started out in the lending library with rats, hamsters, rabbits and guinea pigs and worked up to snakes, raptors, and opossums. I then become a member of the mammal team and worked with bobcats and foxes. I have so many wonderful memories of working with these animals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now I get up really early every Tuesday in order to volunteer at the Steinhart Aquarium. I look forward to going in and interacting with the animals and asking questions of the trainers. There is a deep joy I get working and being with animals. I got the bug very early in my life but it is still gives me great joy. I believe that places like the \u003ca href=\"http://calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and Lindsay Wildlife Museum let people get close to wildlife in a way that’s respectful and educational. Aquariums and zoos give the public the chance to get up close and attached and in so doing, give them a reason to believe in conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/flower.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Tamalpais Manzanita, Mount Tamalpais State Park. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/randomtruth/4484842885/in/set-72157623633650549/\">randomtruth\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine, California’s state rock, is feeling some pressure—and not just because it’s a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock\">metamorphic\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>rock! The California Legislature is considering a bill that would strip serpentine of its state rock status; geology blogger Brian Romans explained the details in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/\">this recent QUEST blog\u003c/a>. 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And it is low in calcium, which causes ion balance problems for plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nutrients scarce, serpentine inhabitants tend to be small in stature—it’s hard to grow big without much food. And, with low water availability, serpentine plants are drought-tolerant. They often have tough little leaves, which don’t lose much water. Some examples are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=563\">Tamalpais manzanita\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Arctostaphylos montana\u003c/em>), and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6992\">Leather Oak\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Quercus durata\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants on serpentine soils also have to deal with those heavy metals, which can interfere with metabolic processes. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants on serpentine soils also have to deal with those heavy metals, which can interfere with metabolic processes. Some plants, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7858\">Milkwort Jewelflower\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Strepthanus polygaloides\u003c/em>), have a really high tolerance for heavy metals. Milkwort Jelweflower is a nickel hyperaccumulator—it can take up lots of nickel from the soil, with no ill effects. In fact, some serpentine plants are used in bioremediation; people plant them in contaminated soil, where they pull the heavy metals out of the ground and sequester them in their tissues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to many endemic species—species that live in a particular habitat type, and nowhere else. Sometimes plants or animals are limited to one habitat because they can’t survive the physical conditions of other habitat types. But in the case of serpentine endemics, many can live in other habitats’ nutrient-rich soils, but are total weaklings when it comes to competition with other plants. They can’t live in other habitats simply because they are out-competed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to more than just plants—there are butterflies, too, like the beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/butterfly/Pontia/sisymbrii\">California White\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Pontia sisymbrii\u003c/em>). Some, like a rare variant of the Edith’s checkerspot butterfly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/euphydryas_editha_luestherae.htm\">\u003cem>Euphydryas editha luestherae\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, are serpentine endemics, because they lay their eggs exclusively on plants living on serpentine soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://geoblogs.stratigraphy.net/\">Geoblogosphere\u003c/a> is buzzing with commentary about California’s serpentine bill. If you feel passionate about keeping serpentine as the state rock, by all means write your state representative—but also visit some serpentine habitat! There are lots of places in the Bay Area where you can check out serpentine soils and their inhabitants. There are serpentine outcroppings on Mount Tamalpais, Mount Diablo (be sure to check out QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/mt-diablo-state-park-exploration\">Mount Diablo State Park Exploration\u003c/a>!), and in the Berkeley and \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2008/08/20/the-crestmont-serpentine-patch/\">Oakland hills\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/08/2010-08-16-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the classic environmental story: a species in trouble because of what our species is doing. It's happening all over the world. But there are people tackling these problems one by one, coming up with simple ways of changing our behavior. This week we take a look at the plight of the foothill yellow-legged frogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Reporter's Notes: A Frog in Trouble, A Scientist in Her Element",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/plight-of-the-yellowlegged-frog/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aridanielshapiro.com\">Ari Daniel Shapiro\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/r.boylii.html\">foothill yellow legged frog\u003c/a> has been wiped out from more than half of its historic range along California’s coast and central valley. Many biologists see this tiny amphibian as a canary in the coalmine – an early indication of an ecosystem gone wrong. \u003ca href=\"http://www.usfca.edu/facultydetails.aspx?id=4294969777\">Jennifer Dever\u003c/a>, a biologist at the University of San Francisco, is trying to help the frog make a comeback. By studying the DNA of these frogs, Dever and her graduate student Ryan Peek are examining how big and healthy the remaining populations are. Her fieldwork takes Dever to rivers and creeks all over northern California. When reporting this story, I got to tag along with her on a trip to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/ohlone\">Ohlone stretch of Alameda Creek\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7223\" title=\"frog2_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nDever and I went to the creek with two other scientists – biologist Sarah Kupferberg and wildlife ecologist Steve Bobzien. The trio was really at home scanning the water for tadpoles and catching them in their hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7224\" title=\"frog3_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7225\" title=\"frog4_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog5_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7223\" title=\"frog5_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog5_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe goal of Dever’s work is to figure out how genetically diverse the frog populations are. When these frogs mate, the male jumps on the female’s back and holds on. It’s called amplexus. With the male hanging onto her back, the female uses her hind legs to clean the surface of a rock until it’s smooth enough to glue her eggs to it. The male fertilizes the eggs in the water. Each of those fertilized eggs gets half its DNA from its mom and half from its dad. The bigger the population, the more different combinations of DNA there are in each generation. That means higher genetic diversity, and a healthier, more resilient population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7227\" title=\"frog6_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7228\" title=\"frog7_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640-400x268.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Credit: Alessandro Catenazzi\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nAlthough Dever didn’t take any samples on the day that I visited, in general she clips off a small tip of tadpole tail and tip of frog toe to get their DNA. Dever puts the samples in ethanol and records their GPS locations, and then she goes back to her genetics lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7229\" title=\"frog8_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7230\" title=\"frog9_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a> \u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nDever puts the DNA through a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction\">series of procedures\u003c/a>, first copying regions of it over and over again to make a lot more of it. Because DNA has a negative charge, Dever can move it through a square piece of gel (it looks like a clear slab of jello) by applying a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis\">positive charge\u003c/a> at the other end. Take a look at this photo of two of Dever’s gels. Each column (or lane) corresponds to a different individual frog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;font-size: 13px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7231\" title=\"frog10\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10-400x195.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10-672x328.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>Credit: Jennifer Dever\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nEach white band is a different fragment of DNA. The DNA in the gel on the left has all moved to pretty much the same vertical positions. That means these frogs have very similar DNA. These frogs are more closely related and come from a smaller, less genetically diverse population. The DNA in the gel on the right has more fragments of different sizes. These frogs have dissimilar DNA, they come from a bigger population, and they’re more distantly related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBy using this technique, Dever’s able to grab the DNA from a handful of frogs or tadpoles in a particular creek and know just how healthy (in terms of genetic diversity) that population is. In the creek, Dever can’t tell how the frogs are related. But in the lab, the answer’s clear. For Dever, every frog counts, and it’s the DNA that adds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7232\" title=\"frog11_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Credit: Alessandro Catenazzi\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ee\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/13/reporters-notes-a-frog-in-trouble-a-scientist-in-her-element/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/plight-of-the-yellowlegged-frog\">Listen to Plight of the Yellow Legged Frog\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.521151 -121.748042\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Foothill Yellow Legged Frog has been wiped out from more than half of its' historic range along California's coast and central valley. Many biologists see this tiny amphibian as a canary in the coalmine - an early indication of an ecosystem gone wrong.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/plight-of-the-yellowlegged-frog/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aridanielshapiro.com\">Ari Daniel Shapiro\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/r.boylii.html\">foothill yellow legged frog\u003c/a> has been wiped out from more than half of its historic range along California’s coast and central valley. Many biologists see this tiny amphibian as a canary in the coalmine – an early indication of an ecosystem gone wrong. \u003ca href=\"http://www.usfca.edu/facultydetails.aspx?id=4294969777\">Jennifer Dever\u003c/a>, a biologist at the University of San Francisco, is trying to help the frog make a comeback. By studying the DNA of these frogs, Dever and her graduate student Ryan Peek are examining how big and healthy the remaining populations are. Her fieldwork takes Dever to rivers and creeks all over northern California. When reporting this story, I got to tag along with her on a trip to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/ohlone\">Ohlone stretch of Alameda Creek\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7223\" title=\"frog2_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog2_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nDever and I went to the creek with two other scientists – biologist Sarah Kupferberg and wildlife ecologist Steve Bobzien. The trio was really at home scanning the water for tadpoles and catching them in their hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7224\" title=\"frog3_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog3_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7225\" title=\"frog4_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog4_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog5_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7223\" title=\"frog5_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog5_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro.\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe goal of Dever’s work is to figure out how genetically diverse the frog populations are. When these frogs mate, the male jumps on the female’s back and holds on. It’s called amplexus. With the male hanging onto her back, the female uses her hind legs to clean the surface of a rock until it’s smooth enough to glue her eggs to it. The male fertilizes the eggs in the water. Each of those fertilized eggs gets half its DNA from its mom and half from its dad. The bigger the population, the more different combinations of DNA there are in each generation. That means higher genetic diversity, and a healthier, more resilient population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7227\" title=\"frog6_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog6_640-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7228\" title=\"frog7_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog7_640-400x268.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Credit: Alessandro Catenazzi\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nAlthough Dever didn’t take any samples on the day that I visited, in general she clips off a small tip of tadpole tail and tip of frog toe to get their DNA. Dever puts the samples in ethanol and records their GPS locations, and then she goes back to her genetics lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7229\" title=\"frog8_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog8_640-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7230\" title=\"frog9_640.480\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog9_640.480-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a> \u003cem>Credit: Ari Daniel Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nDever puts the DNA through a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction\">series of procedures\u003c/a>, first copying regions of it over and over again to make a lot more of it. Because DNA has a negative charge, Dever can move it through a square piece of gel (it looks like a clear slab of jello) by applying a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis\">positive charge\u003c/a> at the other end. Take a look at this photo of two of Dever’s gels. Each column (or lane) corresponds to a different individual frog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;font-size: 13px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7231\" title=\"frog10\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10.jpg 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10-400x195.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog10-672x328.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>Credit: Jennifer Dever\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nEach white band is a different fragment of DNA. The DNA in the gel on the left has all moved to pretty much the same vertical positions. That means these frogs have very similar DNA. These frogs are more closely related and come from a smaller, less genetically diverse population. The DNA in the gel on the right has more fragments of different sizes. These frogs have dissimilar DNA, they come from a bigger population, and they’re more distantly related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBy using this technique, Dever’s able to grab the DNA from a handful of frogs or tadpoles in a particular creek and know just how healthy (in terms of genetic diversity) that population is. In the creek, Dever can’t tell how the frogs are related. But in the lab, the answer’s clear. For Dever, every frog counts, and it’s the DNA that adds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7232\" title=\"frog11_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/frog11_640-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> Credit: Alessandro Catenazzi\u003c/em>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ee\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/13/reporters-notes-a-frog-in-trouble-a-scientist-in-her-element/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/plight-of-the-yellowlegged-frog\">Listen to Plight of the Yellow Legged Frog\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.521151 -121.748042\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "EPA Enters Debate Over Toxic Strawberry Fumigant",
"title": "EPA Enters Debate Over Toxic Strawberry Fumigant",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/strawberries-and-worker-safety--part-two\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/sportfield21.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>If methyl iodide is approved, the decision will come with a long list of regulations, designed to protect workers, and people who live nearby from inhaling fumes from the chemical.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story comes from \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiawatch.org/watchblog/epa-enters-189-debate-toxic-strawberry-fumigant-35\" href=\"http://www.californiawatch.org/watchblog/epa-enters-189-debate-toxic-strawberry-fumigant-35\">California Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing scientific assessments of a controversial strawberry fumigant scheduled for use in California, as well as opening up a public comment period on the toxic pesticide, according to U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein and the environmental law group \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could have implications in California, where the state's Department of Pesticide Regulation is expected to approve the fumigant, methyl iodide, later this year, amid concerns that it could be toxic to farmworkers and people who live near agricultural fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nIn an interview last week, Feinstein said she had \u003ca title=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/07/2943103/foes-of-controversial-fumigant.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/07/2943103/foes-of-controversial-fumigant.html\" target=\"_blank\">asked the EPA\u003c/a> to look into methyl iodide after learning about the 120-fold difference between exposure levels deemed safe by the DPR, and the levels deemed safe by the agency's own staff scientists, as well as by a panel of outside scientists commissioned by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My letter,\" said Feinstein, \"was to say, 'EPA, can you take another look at this, in view of this other testimony? Because the scientific data here is so very different.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA later told Feinstein it would open a review of California's differing scientific assessments of the fumigant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methyl iodide is considered critical to California's $2 billion strawberry industry. Currently growers use a fumigant called methyl bromide, which is being phased out under international treaty because it damages the ozone layer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA approved methyl iodide in 2007. Both Feinstein and Earthjustice have requested formal reconsideration of that approval. However, the EPA's announcement falls short of that. Earthjustice's Paul Towers says he hopes the public comment period is the first step toward reconsideration, \"and that when the federal government reviews this, they'll come to the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Dale Kemery declined to say whether reconsideration was on the table or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lea Brooks, \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\" href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">DPR spokeswoman\u003c/a>, noted that the EPA's approved exposure levels are more than twice as high as what California is proposing. \"California's proposed restrictions are much more health-protective than U.S. EPA's,\" she said in an e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the EPA decides to limit the use of methyl iodide, California growers could be unaffected, since the state's restrictions are more stringent than the EPA's. However, if the agency ultimately decides to revoke its approval of the pesticide, California officials would have to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state Sen. Dean Florez, D-Fresno, who held a hearing on methyl iodide in June, has introduced a provision into state budget negotiations that would postpone methyl iodide's registration by a year and require further review. The provision has met opposition from Republicans, and awaits approval by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>36.910231 -121.7568946\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing scientific assessments of a controversial strawberry fumigant scheduled for use in California, as well as opening up a public comment period on the toxic pesticide, according to U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein and the environmental law group Earthjustice.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/strawberries-and-worker-safety--part-two\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/sportfield21.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>If methyl iodide is approved, the decision will come with a long list of regulations, designed to protect workers, and people who live nearby from inhaling fumes from the chemical.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story comes from \u003ca title=\"http://www.californiawatch.org/watchblog/epa-enters-189-debate-toxic-strawberry-fumigant-35\" href=\"http://www.californiawatch.org/watchblog/epa-enters-189-debate-toxic-strawberry-fumigant-35\">California Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing scientific assessments of a controversial strawberry fumigant scheduled for use in California, as well as opening up a public comment period on the toxic pesticide, according to U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein and the environmental law group \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could have implications in California, where the state's Department of Pesticide Regulation is expected to approve the fumigant, methyl iodide, later this year, amid concerns that it could be toxic to farmworkers and people who live near agricultural fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nIn an interview last week, Feinstein said she had \u003ca title=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/07/2943103/foes-of-controversial-fumigant.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/07/2943103/foes-of-controversial-fumigant.html\" target=\"_blank\">asked the EPA\u003c/a> to look into methyl iodide after learning about the 120-fold difference between exposure levels deemed safe by the DPR, and the levels deemed safe by the agency's own staff scientists, as well as by a panel of outside scientists commissioned by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My letter,\" said Feinstein, \"was to say, 'EPA, can you take another look at this, in view of this other testimony? Because the scientific data here is so very different.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA later told Feinstein it would open a review of California's differing scientific assessments of the fumigant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methyl iodide is considered critical to California's $2 billion strawberry industry. Currently growers use a fumigant called methyl bromide, which is being phased out under international treaty because it damages the ozone layer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA approved methyl iodide in 2007. Both Feinstein and Earthjustice have requested formal reconsideration of that approval. However, the EPA's announcement falls short of that. Earthjustice's Paul Towers says he hopes the public comment period is the first step toward reconsideration, \"and that when the federal government reviews this, they'll come to the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Dale Kemery declined to say whether reconsideration was on the table or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lea Brooks, \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\" href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">DPR spokeswoman\u003c/a>, noted that the EPA's approved exposure levels are more than twice as high as what California is proposing. \"California's proposed restrictions are much more health-protective than U.S. EPA's,\" she said in an e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the EPA decides to limit the use of methyl iodide, California growers could be unaffected, since the state's restrictions are more stringent than the EPA's. However, if the agency ultimately decides to revoke its approval of the pesticide, California officials would have to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state Sen. Dean Florez, D-Fresno, who held a hearing on methyl iodide in June, has introduced a provision into state budget negotiations that would postpone methyl iodide's registration by a year and require further review. The provision has met opposition from Republicans, and awaits approval by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>36.910231 -121.7568946\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Happened to the Humboldt Squid?",
"title": "What Happened to the Humboldt Squid?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-fierce-humboldt-squid\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Humboldt_squid_NOAA_CBNMS_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Humboldt Squid. Photo: NOAA/CBNMS.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large numbers of \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/humboldt.html\">Humboldt squid\u003c/a>, deep purple-red and up to six feet long, have propelled themselves into Monterey Bay mid-summer since 2002. They spend the fall and early winter here, probably to feed, and then spend spring further south. But this year, the squid have yet to arrive. No one knows if the squid are behind schedule or if they’re not going to show up at all. Humboldt squid isn’t the most popular item on the menu in North America, but it is very big in Japan, making it the world’s 14\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> largest fishery by weight. And, their absence leaves a hole in Monterey Bay’s food chain. The Humboldt squid are voracious predators, feeding on anchovies, sardines, rockfish, market squid, and crustaceans. The delayed arrival of the Humboldt squid is a mystery, and it could have consequences for the underwater ecosystem—in Monterey Bay and all along the coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid haven’t been in our waters forever. Check out QUEST’s TV story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/774\">The Fierce Humboldt Squid\u003c/a> for the full story. Historically, the Humboldt Squid have lived in equatorial waters of the Pacific, from Chile to Mexico. In the 1930s, their range extended further north, and they were caught by fishermen in Monterey. Then they disappeared, only to return briefly in 1997. But they returned again in 2002, and have every year since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few hypotheses about why the squid come and go. Maybe they are responding to changes in their food supply. Or, their populations may grow when there are fewer predators—Humboldt squid are eaten by tunas, sharks, and sperm whales, some of which are in decline. Another possibility is the warming of northern waters, caused by \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/el-nino-story.html\">El Niño\u003c/a>. Trade winds usually blow from east to west across the Pacific, piling up warm water near Indonesia. During an El Niño, the trade winds die down, and warm water moves eastward, towards North and South America. The typically cold waters of Monterey Bay become unusually warm—warm enough, scientists think, for the Humboldt Squid to move in. The squids returned in 1997 and again in 2002—both were El Niño years. After 2002, the warm El Niño waters didn’t stick around, but the Humboldt squid kept coming back. This year, the squid are absent, and this is surprising because it seems to be an El Niño year (remember all that rain we got this past winter?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Stewart, a grad student at Stanford’s Hopkins Marine Station, is \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/jstewart.html\">researching\u003c/a> the migration and movement of Humboldt squid for her dissertation. (Her advisor, Professor William Gilly, is featured in the QUEST video.) Julie has data from thousands of hours of underwater video, filmed on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a>’s submersibles, which she’s using to estimate squid populations over the past decade. She’s put satellite tags on squid, to see where they go and how deep they dive. She wants to find out whether the squids' movement is in response to food supply, predators, ocean conditions, or other variables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie wondered if the squid were here, but in small numbers, making them harder to find. Or, if the squid were just very far offshore. So last week, she spent five days aboard a \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> research cruise, looking for squid. The primary purpose of the trip was to do marine mammal and seabird surveys, which happen during the daytime—the captain let her \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforoceansolutions.org/blog/2010/08/04/surveying-davidson-seamount-where-are-humbolt-squid\">search for squid\u003c/a> at night. Julie and other crew on the boat used jigs—glow-in-the dark lures with spikes—on fishing lines. They jigged at 10 stations near the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, about 80 miles southwest of Monterey Bay. And they found exactly zero squid. Even far offshore, the squid were nowhere to be seen. Julie and her colleagues have been talking to fishermen up and down the west coast, from southern California to Washington, and no one has seen squid this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.796846 -122.025000\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Large numbers of Humboldt squid, deep purple-red and up to six feet long, have propelled themselves into Monterey Bay each June since 2002. But this year, the squid have yet to arrive.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-fierce-humboldt-squid\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Humboldt_squid_NOAA_CBNMS_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Humboldt Squid. Photo: NOAA/CBNMS.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large numbers of \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/humboldt.html\">Humboldt squid\u003c/a>, deep purple-red and up to six feet long, have propelled themselves into Monterey Bay mid-summer since 2002. They spend the fall and early winter here, probably to feed, and then spend spring further south. But this year, the squid have yet to arrive. No one knows if the squid are behind schedule or if they’re not going to show up at all. Humboldt squid isn’t the most popular item on the menu in North America, but it is very big in Japan, making it the world’s 14\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> largest fishery by weight. And, their absence leaves a hole in Monterey Bay’s food chain. The Humboldt squid are voracious predators, feeding on anchovies, sardines, rockfish, market squid, and crustaceans. The delayed arrival of the Humboldt squid is a mystery, and it could have consequences for the underwater ecosystem—in Monterey Bay and all along the coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid haven’t been in our waters forever. Check out QUEST’s TV story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/774\">The Fierce Humboldt Squid\u003c/a> for the full story. Historically, the Humboldt Squid have lived in equatorial waters of the Pacific, from Chile to Mexico. In the 1930s, their range extended further north, and they were caught by fishermen in Monterey. Then they disappeared, only to return briefly in 1997. But they returned again in 2002, and have every year since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few hypotheses about why the squid come and go. Maybe they are responding to changes in their food supply. Or, their populations may grow when there are fewer predators—Humboldt squid are eaten by tunas, sharks, and sperm whales, some of which are in decline. Another possibility is the warming of northern waters, caused by \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/el-nino-story.html\">El Niño\u003c/a>. Trade winds usually blow from east to west across the Pacific, piling up warm water near Indonesia. During an El Niño, the trade winds die down, and warm water moves eastward, towards North and South America. The typically cold waters of Monterey Bay become unusually warm—warm enough, scientists think, for the Humboldt Squid to move in. The squids returned in 1997 and again in 2002—both were El Niño years. After 2002, the warm El Niño waters didn’t stick around, but the Humboldt squid kept coming back. This year, the squid are absent, and this is surprising because it seems to be an El Niño year (remember all that rain we got this past winter?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Stewart, a grad student at Stanford’s Hopkins Marine Station, is \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/jstewart.html\">researching\u003c/a> the migration and movement of Humboldt squid for her dissertation. (Her advisor, Professor William Gilly, is featured in the QUEST video.) Julie has data from thousands of hours of underwater video, filmed on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a>’s submersibles, which she’s using to estimate squid populations over the past decade. She’s put satellite tags on squid, to see where they go and how deep they dive. She wants to find out whether the squids' movement is in response to food supply, predators, ocean conditions, or other variables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie wondered if the squid were here, but in small numbers, making them harder to find. Or, if the squid were just very far offshore. So last week, she spent five days aboard a \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> research cruise, looking for squid. The primary purpose of the trip was to do marine mammal and seabird surveys, which happen during the daytime—the captain let her \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforoceansolutions.org/blog/2010/08/04/surveying-davidson-seamount-where-are-humbolt-squid\">search for squid\u003c/a> at night. Julie and other crew on the boat used jigs—glow-in-the dark lures with spikes—on fishing lines. They jigged at 10 stations near the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, about 80 miles southwest of Monterey Bay. And they found exactly zero squid. Even far offshore, the squid were nowhere to be seen. Julie and her colleagues have been talking to fishermen up and down the west coast, from southern California to Washington, and no one has seen squid this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.796846 -122.025000\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Renewables on Indian Land",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/08/2010-08-09-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-41indian_3001.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-19168\" title=\"4-41indian_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-41indian_3001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>Over the last few weeks, we've been following California's push to produce a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. It's estimated that more than ten percent of the potential for clean energy in the US sits on land owned by Indian tribes. Some of these tribes are wondering whether green energy projects might be the casinos of the 21st century. But as Amy Standen reports the idea faces some tough obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Casino Sound]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMY STANDEN: The day the Golden Acorn casino opened, in August of 2001, Monique LaChappa stood right here, near the sliding glass doors, and watched as members of her tribe came in for their first look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MONIQUE LACHAPPA: I just watched everyone come in and I just... just the look on the tribal members faces that day... It was so exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: The casino changed everything for the Campo Kumeyaay Nation, a small tribe of 329 people living in the desert mountains 60 miles east of San Diego. It bought a fire department, educational programs, jobs. But one modest casino-- especially in a slow economy-- isn't enough to sustain this community, where unemployment is almost 50 percent. LaChappa-- who serves as tribal chairwoman-- and others here have set their sights on a very different kind of project-- one that sets the Campo apart from any other tribe in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Wind turbine sound]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Here, along a rocky spine of the Laguna Mountains is the only utility-scale wind farm on tribal land in the country, built in 2005. There are two dozen turbines, each 4 stories tall, supplying energy to 35,000 homes in San Diego County. Their huge blades sweep the sky with the steady whoosh of a heartbeat.\u003cbr>\nThis project-- called Kumeyaay 1-- is an enormous source of pride for the Campo people, in part because it makes use of a resource that until recently, didn't seem to offer a lot of options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LACHAPPA: Look where we're located. We're out here in the middle of nowhere. It makes it difficult for anybody who wants to be able to do more for their family, or send their kids to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: But income from this wind farm is limited... because the Campo don't own this project. Instead, they lease the land to a private company. The Campo are in negotiations to build a second wind project, three times the size of this one. This time, they plan to go in as co-owners, partnering with the Chicago-based private energy firm Invenergy and San Diego Gas and Electric. Ownership is a tough deal to strike -- one that's eluded other Indian tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIKE CONNOLLY: This has killed a lot of deals on Indian country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Mike Connolly-- solidly built, with wire frame glasses and a gray ponytail-- is a former Campo tribal council member. He runs a consultancy firm that helps tribes get involved with renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CONNOLLY Because the tribes want to have ownership. But when they do the numbers, the see that ownership is just not economically viable. So they end up not doing it, rather than doing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: The primary problem, he says, has to do with the special legal status that tribes occupy: Tribes are sovereign nations, which means they can't take advantage of federal tax credits for renewable energy. And those can cut the price of a large wind project in half. Connolly says the lack of credits, of capital, combined with all the red tape surrounding tribal development threatens to leave American Indians out of the green economy. And that, he says, would be a terrible shame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CONNOLLY: Especially when you think of the fact that Indian reservations are some of the poorest places in the country. I mean, there's this debate over double digit unemployment, we have reservations that have gone 4 or 5 decades of unemployment that's over 60 percent. And here you have an opportunity to build economies in Indian countries and to create a base that that's sustainable type of development that can go on and on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: On to places like the Morongo reservation, west of Palm Springs, where a grassy hillside rises behind the administration building. DeAnna Meetze would like to see this plot of land covered in solar panels, but she's been frustrated by some of the same tax hurdles the Campo face. Meetze says the history of tribes in this country has left other, subtler obstacles, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DEANNA MEETZE: With tribes inherently, there's a level of distrust among anyone who comes from the outside in. And you have to make sure you're dealing with someone of integrity, and that they're not there to take advantage of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Those obstacles will subside over time, she says, especially if the federal government helps level the playing field. That process has begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PRESIDENT OBAMA: Too often, you face unique hurdles to developing these renewable resources...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: President Obama, speaking before the Tribal Nations Conference last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PRESIDENT OBAMA: We're securing tribal access to financing and thanks to the recovery act (FADE UNDER) for energy development...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Over the last two years, the pot of federal aid for Indian energy development has doubled to about $7 million a year. Tribes are also eligible for stimulus grants. And a new federal bill called the Indian Energy Promotion and Parity Act, would take the biggest step: making tribes eligible for the tax credits. The question is whether that bill will suffer the same fate as other energy legislation... so far, stalled out in Congress. For QUEST, I'm Amy Standen, KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Indian reservations hold an estimated 10 percent of the nation's renewable energy resources -- hot, windy tracts that suddenly seem more valuable than ever. The Campo tribe, near San Diego, has taken the lead, building the country's only utility-scale wind installation on Indian land. Plans are afoot to triple the project. But tribe members say tax incentives and other federal programs put Indians at a disadvantage.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/08/2010-08-09-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-41indian_3001.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-19168\" title=\"4-41indian_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-41indian_3001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>Over the last few weeks, we've been following California's push to produce a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. It's estimated that more than ten percent of the potential for clean energy in the US sits on land owned by Indian tribes. Some of these tribes are wondering whether green energy projects might be the casinos of the 21st century. But as Amy Standen reports the idea faces some tough obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Casino Sound]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMY STANDEN: The day the Golden Acorn casino opened, in August of 2001, Monique LaChappa stood right here, near the sliding glass doors, and watched as members of her tribe came in for their first look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MONIQUE LACHAPPA: I just watched everyone come in and I just... just the look on the tribal members faces that day... It was so exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: The casino changed everything for the Campo Kumeyaay Nation, a small tribe of 329 people living in the desert mountains 60 miles east of San Diego. It bought a fire department, educational programs, jobs. But one modest casino-- especially in a slow economy-- isn't enough to sustain this community, where unemployment is almost 50 percent. LaChappa-- who serves as tribal chairwoman-- and others here have set their sights on a very different kind of project-- one that sets the Campo apart from any other tribe in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Wind turbine sound]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Here, along a rocky spine of the Laguna Mountains is the only utility-scale wind farm on tribal land in the country, built in 2005. There are two dozen turbines, each 4 stories tall, supplying energy to 35,000 homes in San Diego County. Their huge blades sweep the sky with the steady whoosh of a heartbeat.\u003cbr>\nThis project-- called Kumeyaay 1-- is an enormous source of pride for the Campo people, in part because it makes use of a resource that until recently, didn't seem to offer a lot of options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LACHAPPA: Look where we're located. We're out here in the middle of nowhere. It makes it difficult for anybody who wants to be able to do more for their family, or send their kids to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: But income from this wind farm is limited... because the Campo don't own this project. Instead, they lease the land to a private company. The Campo are in negotiations to build a second wind project, three times the size of this one. This time, they plan to go in as co-owners, partnering with the Chicago-based private energy firm Invenergy and San Diego Gas and Electric. Ownership is a tough deal to strike -- one that's eluded other Indian tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIKE CONNOLLY: This has killed a lot of deals on Indian country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Mike Connolly-- solidly built, with wire frame glasses and a gray ponytail-- is a former Campo tribal council member. He runs a consultancy firm that helps tribes get involved with renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CONNOLLY Because the tribes want to have ownership. But when they do the numbers, the see that ownership is just not economically viable. So they end up not doing it, rather than doing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: The primary problem, he says, has to do with the special legal status that tribes occupy: Tribes are sovereign nations, which means they can't take advantage of federal tax credits for renewable energy. And those can cut the price of a large wind project in half. Connolly says the lack of credits, of capital, combined with all the red tape surrounding tribal development threatens to leave American Indians out of the green economy. And that, he says, would be a terrible shame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CONNOLLY: Especially when you think of the fact that Indian reservations are some of the poorest places in the country. I mean, there's this debate over double digit unemployment, we have reservations that have gone 4 or 5 decades of unemployment that's over 60 percent. And here you have an opportunity to build economies in Indian countries and to create a base that that's sustainable type of development that can go on and on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: On to places like the Morongo reservation, west of Palm Springs, where a grassy hillside rises behind the administration building. DeAnna Meetze would like to see this plot of land covered in solar panels, but she's been frustrated by some of the same tax hurdles the Campo face. Meetze says the history of tribes in this country has left other, subtler obstacles, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DEANNA MEETZE: With tribes inherently, there's a level of distrust among anyone who comes from the outside in. And you have to make sure you're dealing with someone of integrity, and that they're not there to take advantage of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Those obstacles will subside over time, she says, especially if the federal government helps level the playing field. That process has begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PRESIDENT OBAMA: Too often, you face unique hurdles to developing these renewable resources...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: President Obama, speaking before the Tribal Nations Conference last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PRESIDENT OBAMA: We're securing tribal access to financing and thanks to the recovery act (FADE UNDER) for energy development...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STANDEN: Over the last two years, the pot of federal aid for Indian energy development has doubled to about $7 million a year. Tribes are also eligible for stimulus grants. And a new federal bill called the Indian Energy Promotion and Parity Act, would take the biggest step: making tribes eligible for the tax credits. The question is whether that bill will suffer the same fate as other energy legislation... so far, stalled out in Congress. For QUEST, I'm Amy Standen, KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cats and Dogs Forming Acronyms (and furthering green building in California)",
"title": "Cats and Dogs Forming Acronyms (and furthering green building in California)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/catdog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The new PC—Policy Collaboration\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started in Santa Clara County, then spread to Marin, and now its everywhere in California; builders, developers, city governments, and environmentalists, all getting along and creating green building standards together. It’s the new PC—Policy Collaboration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\">Silicon Valley Leadership Group \u003c/a>(SVLG), a business development group, got things started in Santa Clara County by meeting with city mayors to discuss a coordinated building policy to replace the patchwork that existed in 2007. Once they got the mayors go ahead, SVLG got the endorsement of the Santa Clara Cities Association. Then representatives from the cities formed a group called the Green Building Collaborative (GBC), and the group began to meet with builders and to enlist the help of builders associations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.boma.org/Pages/default.aspx\">Building Owners and Managers Association\u003c/a> (BOMA). With all those acronyms coming at them, the city councils in Santa Clara County, one by one, succumbed to the contagious enthusiasm and passed the green building ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County decided to go ahead and do its own collaborating. San Rafael Mayor Al Boro and Planning Director Bob Brown started talking with other city officials in Marin about a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Table-.pdf\">coordinated green building policy\u003c/a>. They formed a task force with representatives of all the cities, recruited some building experts, and created a really cool sounding acronym, BERST, for the Building, Energy, Retrofit, and Solar Transformation task force. The group reached out to builders, designers, and business groups to try to form a consensus. It was tough work, which for Brown became a half-time job. Cats and dogs is easy—this was bob cats and wolves. But goodwill reigned and eventually everyone agreed on a green building policy that looked a lot like the one in Santa Clara (see Table). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the features of the code is that homes larger than 7,000 square feet of floor area have to compensate for size by being net-zero energy users. In other words, they have to produce as much energy—through solar electric PV and other renewable energies and by being extremely energy efficient—as they use over the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Rafael was the first city to adopt the green building ordinances. Three other cities have signed on, and more will be voting in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leif Magnuson, Pollution Prevention Coordinator at the San Francisco office of EPA, was the prime mover in spreading the collaborative spirit to Sacramento. Magnuson gathered California stakeholders at an ACI conference. ACI is a national training organization that for 25 years has hosted regional and national training and networking conferences bringing together everyone interested in sustainable home building and renovation, from weatherization professionals, energy auditors, and small home performance contractors to policymakers, production builders, manufacturers of building materials, and representatives of big box home improvement stores. And after a while, they had to create an acronym to match their ambitions—HERCC, for the Home Energy Retrofit Coordinating Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time before the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a> (CEC) got involved—in fact representatives of the commission were a part of HERCC from the beginning. So it is no wonder that the HERCC recommendations greatly influenced the CEC green building regulations that became a part of the California Title 24 building codes. The investor owned utilities all throughout California support the green building policies championed by HERCC through its rebates offered to builders and homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, HERCC wanted to put in place an infrastructure to support green building and retrofits beyond the years of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which flooded federal dollars to the states that will be running out in about a year. HERCC will outlast ARRA, thanks in part to BERST, which owes its inspiration to groups like SVLG, GBC, and BOMA. Go CA!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Many thanks to Elise Hunter, who recently served as the government relations manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.builditgreen.org\">Build It Green\u003c/a> and who is now studying for advanced degrees in sustainable enterprises at the University of Michigan, for putting together the facts in an upcoming article about policy collaboratives for \u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/catdog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The new PC—Policy Collaboration\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started in Santa Clara County, then spread to Marin, and now its everywhere in California; builders, developers, city governments, and environmentalists, all getting along and creating green building standards together. It’s the new PC—Policy Collaboration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\">Silicon Valley Leadership Group \u003c/a>(SVLG), a business development group, got things started in Santa Clara County by meeting with city mayors to discuss a coordinated building policy to replace the patchwork that existed in 2007. Once they got the mayors go ahead, SVLG got the endorsement of the Santa Clara Cities Association. Then representatives from the cities formed a group called the Green Building Collaborative (GBC), and the group began to meet with builders and to enlist the help of builders associations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.boma.org/Pages/default.aspx\">Building Owners and Managers Association\u003c/a> (BOMA). With all those acronyms coming at them, the city councils in Santa Clara County, one by one, succumbed to the contagious enthusiasm and passed the green building ordinances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County decided to go ahead and do its own collaborating. San Rafael Mayor Al Boro and Planning Director Bob Brown started talking with other city officials in Marin about a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Table-.pdf\">coordinated green building policy\u003c/a>. They formed a task force with representatives of all the cities, recruited some building experts, and created a really cool sounding acronym, BERST, for the Building, Energy, Retrofit, and Solar Transformation task force. The group reached out to builders, designers, and business groups to try to form a consensus. It was tough work, which for Brown became a half-time job. Cats and dogs is easy—this was bob cats and wolves. But goodwill reigned and eventually everyone agreed on a green building policy that looked a lot like the one in Santa Clara (see Table). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the features of the code is that homes larger than 7,000 square feet of floor area have to compensate for size by being net-zero energy users. In other words, they have to produce as much energy—through solar electric PV and other renewable energies and by being extremely energy efficient—as they use over the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Rafael was the first city to adopt the green building ordinances. Three other cities have signed on, and more will be voting in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leif Magnuson, Pollution Prevention Coordinator at the San Francisco office of EPA, was the prime mover in spreading the collaborative spirit to Sacramento. Magnuson gathered California stakeholders at an ACI conference. ACI is a national training organization that for 25 years has hosted regional and national training and networking conferences bringing together everyone interested in sustainable home building and renovation, from weatherization professionals, energy auditors, and small home performance contractors to policymakers, production builders, manufacturers of building materials, and representatives of big box home improvement stores. And after a while, they had to create an acronym to match their ambitions—HERCC, for the Home Energy Retrofit Coordinating Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time before the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a> (CEC) got involved—in fact representatives of the commission were a part of HERCC from the beginning. So it is no wonder that the HERCC recommendations greatly influenced the CEC green building regulations that became a part of the California Title 24 building codes. The investor owned utilities all throughout California support the green building policies championed by HERCC through its rebates offered to builders and homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, HERCC wanted to put in place an infrastructure to support green building and retrofits beyond the years of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which flooded federal dollars to the states that will be running out in about a year. HERCC will outlast ARRA, thanks in part to BERST, which owes its inspiration to groups like SVLG, GBC, and BOMA. Go CA!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Many thanks to Elise Hunter, who recently served as the government relations manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.builditgreen.org\">Build It Green\u003c/a> and who is now studying for advanced degrees in sustainable enterprises at the University of Michigan, for putting together the facts in an upcoming article about policy collaboratives for \u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/SF_Oil_NOAA_resized.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Oil on the surface of the San Francisco Bay in November 2007. Photo: NOAA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have no idea how much oil gushed out of BP’s Deepwater Horizon well into the Gulf of Mexico—estimates vary from 92 million gallons to over 320 million gallons, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/horizon-oil-spill.html\">NewsHour’s widget\u003c/a>. By comparison, a much smaller amount of oil—53,000 gallons—was spilled into San Francisco Bay when the container ship Cosco Busan ripped its hull open on the Bay Bridge in November 2007. The volume of oil spilled in the Gulf is several thousand times what was spilled in San Francisco Bay, and obviously the environmental consequences of the Gulf spill will far exceed what we’ve seen here. But the ecological studies conducted in the wake of the Cosco Busan spill give us an idea of what we can expect in the Gulf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Cosco Busan spill, scientists looked at the effects of oil on different coastal habitats, and on individual species. A year after the spill, the QUEST radio story \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/oil-spill-anniversary\">Oil Spill Anniversary\u003c/a> discussed a study that revealed the negative effects of oil on Herring embryo development. Other studies looked at the impact of oil on intertidal areas, eelgrass beds, native oysters, Brown Pelicans, Marbled Murrelets, and more—a full list of studies that assessed damage to natural resources is at this \u003ca href=\"http://www.darrp.noaa.gov/southwest/cosco/index.html\">NOAA site\u003c/a> (click on “Case Documents” on the right to download the list as a PDF). Not all organisms fared poorly; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.prbo.org/cms/224#adapt\">snowy plover\u003c/a>, a bird that lives on beaches and is already a threatened species, was fine. They build their nests far enough from the water to be buffered from oil contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research about impacts and restoration in the Gulf is just getting started. The official US government website about the oil spill \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/19/an-online-pivot-on-the-gulf-oil-gusher/\">switched\u003c/a> from a mindset of \u003ca href=\"http://www.deepwaterhorizonresponse.com/\">emergency response\u003c/a> to one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.restorethegulf.gov/\">restoration\u003c/a>, reflecting the huge challenge that lies ahead—provided the oil doesn’t start flowing again. Some government agencies, like the EPA, are sharing the data that is being collected as you read this. My hope is that these research efforts will involve extensive long-term monitoring; \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/18/science/earth/18enviro.html?_r=1\">the effects of oil spills can last for decades\u003c/a>, and we need to understand how ecosystems function over time, with and without oil. We have the opportunity to learn a lot from this disaster, and hopefully we’ll have the money to fund it. The company that operated the Cosco Busan was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/02/20/BA6I1C4FA1.DTL\">fined\u003c/a> $10 million, $2 million of which is slated for environmental efforts. If BP is fined in proportion to the volume of oil spilled, billions could go towards ecological research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.804556 -122.3711\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf Star at San Jose Electric Car Convention",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message this week from automakers, government officials and utility operators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugin2010.com/\">Plug-In 2010\u003c/a> conference, a major international gathering of alternative vehicles at the San Jose Convention Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the rubber hits the road”, said Craig Childers, an air resources engineer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. “This is the last conference where we don’t have the cars. When we do this again next year, there’s going to be thousands of people driving these cars and it’s going to be great to see how that happens. We’ll learn from it and continue to evolve.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/plugincar3001.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6853\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large amount of attention at the event went to two vehicles: the battery electric \u003ca href=\"http://www.nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car/index#/leaf-electric-car/index\">Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> and the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid. Both groundbreaking cars will begin appearing in showrooms in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s conference, GM announced the Volt’s sticker price will be $41,000. A federal tax credit will bring the cost of the vehicle down by $7,500. The Volt also be available to lease for $350 a month for 36 months, assuming a down payment of $2,500. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM calls the Volt an “extended-range electric vehicle,” which means that the car can go 40 miles on a single battery charge, using no gasoline. An additional 300 miles can be driven as the car uses gasoline to power an on-board generator to make more electricity and power the engine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Pasowatz, the Volt’s Vehicle Line Director, said that distance is key for getting consumers to overcome their “range anxiety” and trust that the Volt will get them where they need to go without being stranded with an empty battery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt gives you an extended range capability that no other electric vehicle can provide you,” Pasowatz said. “So we have a good, solid confident proposition of 340 miles, whereas many electric cars will not achieve the range that they claim because their range is on a city cycle which no one drives, it doesn’t account for running the heating and air conditioning, and it doesn’t account for the degradation of the battery. And if you really only get 50 miles, the question is can that be your everyday car?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nissan Leaf, an all-electric vehicle, which has a range of 100 miles on a single charge, will be made available to consumers by December in five states initially, including California.\u003cbr>\nTo date, there have been 20,000 pre-orders for the Nissan Leaf, with more than 3,000 of those orders coming from prospective buyers in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Plug-In_-046b_version23.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle.\" width=\"299\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6881\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning at Nissan, the consumer acceptance of the new generation of electric cars in the state resonates nation-wide. “If there was a barrier to adoption called affordability, that’s been knocked over. If there was a barrier to adoption called charging infrastructure, it’s been knocked over here in CA. There are no barriers now. The entire country is looking at California as a lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf will cost $32,780, but after the federal tax credit of $7,500, and a California state rebate of $5,000 – which the Volt is not eligible for – the actual price will be $20,280. The Leaf also will be eligible for drivers to take into California’s carpool lanes without having more than one passenger, while the Volt will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginny and John Pauksta of San Jose paid $99 to reserve a Leaf. “The tipping point for me was the BP oil spill, the frustration of what we’re doing to the environment,” said John Pauksta. “It made me very angry. The fact that we’re fighting wars to protect our oil reserves just got to me. Electric cars were like toys, like glorified golf cars and now major car companies are coming out with electric cars that look like real cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fit five people in it and haul stuff around and the driving range is within a level of tolerance”, added Pauksta, who commutes 44 miles daily to his job in Palo Alto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the lead acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries that powered the first generation of electric cars like GM’s EV1 in the 1990s, today’s electric car batteries are made of lithium-ion cells, which are now small enough that they can be easily assembled into battery packs and charged using a simple 120-volt outlet, as Pasowatz did with his Chevy Volt, charging it overnight at the conference center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the purchase of a Volt, consumers will get a 120-volt portable charge cord set and the option of GM’s 240-volt cord set, which would cut the charging of the vehicle in half, from eight hours to four hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from the advancements in battery technology, a perfect storm of factors seems to brewing to usher in a new, more hospitable climate for electric cars, experts at the event, which runs through Thursday, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is moving ahead. 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We actually need that because these electric cars are more expensive to build and buy and the only way consumers can afford it is by saving money on fuel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, California’s grid, with its mix of hydroelectric power, nuclear power and renewables like solar and wind power, is also cleaner than the nation’s grid -- which relies more heavily on power from coal-fired plants. So environmental benefits accrue when drivers plug-in to the grid to charge their vehicles. Chhaya said that “50 to 60 percent of the CO2 emissions can be reduced by using a battery electric vehicle plugged into the state’s grid.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a big factor for consumers is the sticker price of electric cars. Palo Alto-based Tesla motors offers currently only one electric vehicle line, its sporty Roadster that retails for more than $100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of public charging stations has also been a challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, however, Campbell-based Coulomb Technologies received a $37 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to build 4,600 charging stations in nine metro areas, including San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento and Los Angeles by September 2011. The charging stations will also feature a new connecting standard adopted in January by the Society of Automotive Engineers so that any electric car can be charged at the charging stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For consumers like Kadife Besir-Dunlap, a schoolteacher from Woodland, neither the Chevy Volt nor the Nissan Leaf can compare to her beloved EV1 which was reclaimed by GM in 2002 when her two-year lease expired and GM refused to renew the lease for her or other EV1 owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt is a plug-in, it’s not full electric,” she said. “The car of the future is powered by the fuels of Jurassic time. My frustration is renewed right now. GM could have produced another electric vehicle. They had the technology and a really nice car with the EV1 and they could have reproduced something like that, a more affordable full electric car. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of stops and starts, electric cars and plug-in hybrids are on the cusp of a new era of mainstream acceptance, starting this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message this week from automakers, government officials and utility operators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.plugin2010.com/\">Plug-In 2010\u003c/a> conference, a major international gathering of alternative vehicles at the San Jose Convention Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the rubber hits the road”, said Craig Childers, an air resources engineer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a>. “This is the last conference where we don’t have the cars. When we do this again next year, there’s going to be thousands of people driving these cars and it’s going to be great to see how that happens. We’ll learn from it and continue to evolve.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/plugincar3001.jpg\" alt=\"The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6853\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2011 Chevy Volt at the 2010 Plug-In Conference \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large amount of attention at the event went to two vehicles: the battery electric \u003ca href=\"http://www.nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car/index#/leaf-electric-car/index\">Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> and the Chevy Volt, a plug-in hybrid. Both groundbreaking cars will begin appearing in showrooms in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s conference, GM announced the Volt’s sticker price will be $41,000. A federal tax credit will bring the cost of the vehicle down by $7,500. The Volt also be available to lease for $350 a month for 36 months, assuming a down payment of $2,500. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM calls the Volt an “extended-range electric vehicle,” which means that the car can go 40 miles on a single battery charge, using no gasoline. An additional 300 miles can be driven as the car uses gasoline to power an on-board generator to make more electricity and power the engine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Pasowatz, the Volt’s Vehicle Line Director, said that distance is key for getting consumers to overcome their “range anxiety” and trust that the Volt will get them where they need to go without being stranded with an empty battery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt gives you an extended range capability that no other electric vehicle can provide you,” Pasowatz said. “So we have a good, solid confident proposition of 340 miles, whereas many electric cars will not achieve the range that they claim because their range is on a city cycle which no one drives, it doesn’t account for running the heating and air conditioning, and it doesn’t account for the degradation of the battery. And if you really only get 50 miles, the question is can that be your everyday car?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nissan Leaf, an all-electric vehicle, which has a range of 100 miles on a single charge, will be made available to consumers by December in five states initially, including California.\u003cbr>\nTo date, there have been 20,000 pre-orders for the Nissan Leaf, with more than 3,000 of those orders coming from prospective buyers in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/Plug-In_-046b_version23.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle.\" width=\"299\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6881\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Perry from Nissan standing next to the Leaf, an all electric-vehicle. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning at Nissan, the consumer acceptance of the new generation of electric cars in the state resonates nation-wide. “If there was a barrier to adoption called affordability, that’s been knocked over. If there was a barrier to adoption called charging infrastructure, it’s been knocked over here in CA. There are no barriers now. The entire country is looking at California as a lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf will cost $32,780, but after the federal tax credit of $7,500, and a California state rebate of $5,000 – which the Volt is not eligible for – the actual price will be $20,280. The Leaf also will be eligible for drivers to take into California’s carpool lanes without having more than one passenger, while the Volt will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginny and John Pauksta of San Jose paid $99 to reserve a Leaf. “The tipping point for me was the BP oil spill, the frustration of what we’re doing to the environment,” said John Pauksta. “It made me very angry. The fact that we’re fighting wars to protect our oil reserves just got to me. Electric cars were like toys, like glorified golf cars and now major car companies are coming out with electric cars that look like real cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can fit five people in it and haul stuff around and the driving range is within a level of tolerance”, added Pauksta, who commutes 44 miles daily to his job in Palo Alto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the lead acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries that powered the first generation of electric cars like GM’s EV1 in the 1990s, today’s electric car batteries are made of lithium-ion cells, which are now small enough that they can be easily assembled into battery packs and charged using a simple 120-volt outlet, as Pasowatz did with his Chevy Volt, charging it overnight at the conference center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the purchase of a Volt, consumers will get a 120-volt portable charge cord set and the option of GM’s 240-volt cord set, which would cut the charging of the vehicle in half, from eight hours to four hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from the advancements in battery technology, a perfect storm of factors seems to brewing to usher in a new, more hospitable climate for electric cars, experts at the event, which runs through Thursday, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is moving ahead. The recognition of getting off of oil is important and I think the car is part of the larger energy environment ecosystem, it’s come to that realization that it is time to solve these problems in a systemic way”, said Pasowatz. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Air Resources Board, there are roughly 20,000 pure electric vehicles in California, including roughly 15,000 small neighborhood electric vehicles that aren’t designed to drive on highways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities, regulatory agencies and environmental organizations expect those numbers to rise as long as gas prices continue to be high, which makes electricity as a fuel source a particularly attractive option. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gasoline is about $3, plus or minus, per gallon,” said Sunil Chhaya, a senior manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?%5D%5B\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a> in Palo Alto. ”Electricity is about 75 cents per gallon, so when you compare operating costs per mile, it’s about a fourth or a fifth the cost of gasoline.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the economy improves and worldwide demand for oil grows, gasoline prices may not stay at the current level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure what gasoline prices are going to look like in the next five to 10 years and it’s widely expected that those will get on an upward trajectory again and start climbing up and beyond four a gallon,” said Childers. “In that case, we’re talking about a very big price difference for electricity. We actually need that because these electric cars are more expensive to build and buy and the only way consumers can afford it is by saving money on fuel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, California’s grid, with its mix of hydroelectric power, nuclear power and renewables like solar and wind power, is also cleaner than the nation’s grid -- which relies more heavily on power from coal-fired plants. So environmental benefits accrue when drivers plug-in to the grid to charge their vehicles. Chhaya said that “50 to 60 percent of the CO2 emissions can be reduced by using a battery electric vehicle plugged into the state’s grid.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a big factor for consumers is the sticker price of electric cars. Palo Alto-based Tesla motors offers currently only one electric vehicle line, its sporty Roadster that retails for more than $100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Availability of public charging stations has also been a challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, however, Campbell-based Coulomb Technologies received a $37 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to build 4,600 charging stations in nine metro areas, including San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento and Los Angeles by September 2011. The charging stations will also feature a new connecting standard adopted in January by the Society of Automotive Engineers so that any electric car can be charged at the charging stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For consumers like Kadife Besir-Dunlap, a schoolteacher from Woodland, neither the Chevy Volt nor the Nissan Leaf can compare to her beloved EV1 which was reclaimed by GM in 2002 when her two-year lease expired and GM refused to renew the lease for her or other EV1 owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Volt is a plug-in, it’s not full electric,” she said. “The car of the future is powered by the fuels of Jurassic time. My frustration is renewed right now. GM could have produced another electric vehicle. They had the technology and a really nice car with the EV1 and they could have reproduced something like that, a more affordable full electric car. A hybrid car is not progress, it’s stagnation.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the tow truck took away her family’s EV1, Besir-Dunlap has been driving an all-electric Toyota RAV4. Earlier this month, under a partnership with Tesla Motors, Toyota announced plans to start production up again on the all-electric RAV4 in 2012 at the NUMMI auto plant in Fremont. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some people at the conference couldn’t wait to plug-in and drive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see nothing but increases in gas prices so I want to get out of the polluting, expensive internal combustion world and into the less expensive, less polluting world of electric vehicles,” said Jared Alaqua, a 28 year-old Novato resident pursuing his M.B.A. “And I hear that they actually perform better.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out these QUEST resources for related information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/waiting-for-the-electric-car\">Waiting for the Electric Car\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plugin-hybrid-cars\">Plug-in Hybrids\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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