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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We're excited to present our second \u003cem>Your Videos on QUEST\u003c/em> segment featuring an excerpt of the short video by Dan Griffin of GG Films, \"Ocean Babies on Acid\". For several years now, QUEST has been producing \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin/\">Your Photos on QUEST\u003c/a>\u003c/em> segments wherein we feature the still images of Bay Area photographers who shoot nature, environment and science photos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This season, we wanted to expand that idea to include films and videos on similar topics. The thinking is, we here on QUEST are never at a loss for story topics about science here in the Bay Area. There must be a bunch of other media makers telling these kinds of stories so let's get some different perspectives from the community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24170\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/508i-Palumbi_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"508i Palumbi_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24170\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford marine biologist, Stephen Palumbi\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>QUEST folks have long been fans of the video work that \u003ca href=\"http://ggfilms.com/\">Dan Griffin/ GG Films\u003c/a> has been doing with Stanford marine biologist, \u003ca href=\"http://palumbi.stanford.edu/\">Stephen Palumbi\u003c/a>. Together they create \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs\">\"Microdocs\"\u003c/a> which they define as \"short attention span science video.\" Their videos are usually 2-3 minutes long and feature one specific aspect of marine ecosystem sustainability. Microdocs topics focus largely on coral reef health, sustainability and diversity- subjects that have required them to travel to such remote tropical locations as American Samoa, The Bahamas, Fiji and Micronesia. Ahh, the price that we pay for our art...\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24165\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/508i-urchin-large-beaker_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"508i urchin large beaker_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24165\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple sea urchin in beaker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Ocean Babies on Acid\" focuses on an experiment that Stephen Palumbi and UC Davis marine biologist \u003ca href=\"http://bml.ucdavis.edu/research/faculty/eric-sanford/\">Eric Sanford\u003c/a> are doing to study the effects of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/acidic-seas/\">ocean acidification\u003c/a> on sea urchin larvae off the California and Oregon coasts. One of their goals is to find out if the increased acidity caused in part by increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere makes it difficult for marine species to grow their shells. The study is unique in that they're not only studying the external aspects of these creatures but also delving into how ocean acidification may effect the animals on a genetic level. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch the full-length video on the Microdocs site here:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/index.html\">Ocean Babies on Acid\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>FRIDAY HARBOR, SAN JUAN ISLAND - How do we distinguish orca sounds from other underwater noise?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Friday Harbor, a decade-old \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophone\">hydrophone\u003c/a> system running 200 meters along Snug Harbor is constantly recording sounds that come through Haro Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Val Veirs, the owner of \u003ca href=\"http://orcasound.net/\">Orcasound\u003c/a>, uses custom software to detect interesting sounds recorded by his hydrophones. When a sequence of sounds displays a particular harmonic structure, it gets converted into an .mp3 sound file that is uploaded into a database for further research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how exactly do hydrophones work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When underwater sounds push against a hydrophone, a small voltage is created. That voltage is pre-amplified and then sent up cables to computers for analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/webextraorcas-marqueeimage2-to-use-within-blog-post.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/webextraorcas-marqueeimage2-to-use-within-blog-post-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"hydrophone\" title=\"webextraorcas-marqueeimage2 - to use within blog post\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23891\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voltage (or sound) is sampled at a very high rate - 196 thousand samples per second - which is 4 times higher than compact disc sample rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Veirs, sampling high frequencies that are above the human hearing range allows him to study the intricacies of orca language; more importantly, he wants to show how noise such as boats and ships make it harder for orcas to communicate and hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In studying orcas, Veirs uses a complicated set of algorithms to discriminate against 99.9% of the sounds that come through the hydrophones. Orcas produce sounds that have a very simple harmonic structure, and that’s what his software looks for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Orcas make sounds with frequencies that change in a smooth way, with most of the energy in 3, 4, 5 peaks,” says Veirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And sounds that have a complicated harmonic structure - with many frequencies in it are discriminated by the software, because these are sounds not typically made by orcas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern resident orcas in Friday Harbor are considered an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/Whales-Dolphins-Porpoise/Killer-Whales/ESA-Status/\">endangered population segment by NOAA\u003c/a> (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Ultimately, Veirs wants to use his research to create public policy that urges boats to slow down, stay farther away from the orcas, and to use quieter engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we understand that these noises may make it harder for the whales to forage, to communicate, then we have a chance to take some societal steps to give them a better chance of surviving…That is the best hope we have for them.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/webextraorcas-marqueeimage2-to-use-within-blog-post.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/webextraorcas-marqueeimage2-to-use-within-blog-post-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"hydrophone\" title=\"webextraorcas-marqueeimage2 - to use within blog post\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23891\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voltage (or sound) is sampled at a very high rate - 196 thousand samples per second - which is 4 times higher than compact disc sample rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Veirs, sampling high frequencies that are above the human hearing range allows him to study the intricacies of orca language; more importantly, he wants to show how noise such as boats and ships make it harder for orcas to communicate and hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In studying orcas, Veirs uses a complicated set of algorithms to discriminate against 99.9% of the sounds that come through the hydrophones. Orcas produce sounds that have a very simple harmonic structure, and that’s what his software looks for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Orcas make sounds with frequencies that change in a smooth way, with most of the energy in 3, 4, 5 peaks,” says Veirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And sounds that have a complicated harmonic structure - with many frequencies in it are discriminated by the software, because these are sounds not typically made by orcas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern resident orcas in Friday Harbor are considered an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/Whales-Dolphins-Porpoise/Killer-Whales/ESA-Status/\">endangered population segment by NOAA\u003c/a> (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Ultimately, Veirs wants to use his research to create public policy that urges boats to slow down, stay farther away from the orcas, and to use quieter engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we understand that these noises may make it harder for the whales to forage, to communicate, then we have a chance to take some societal steps to give them a better chance of surviving…That is the best hope we have for them.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bird-and-cap.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-23808\" title=\"Bird and cap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bird-and-cap.jpg\" alt=\"Bird and cap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>A few years ago while sailing a boat back from Hawaii, we skirted the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_High\">North Pacific High\u003c/a>. This is a pressure zone midway between the mainland and the islands. Along the margins is the great current that circulates around the Pacific concentrating flotsam into what is known as the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_Gyre\">North Pacific Gyre\u003c/a>. Now considered the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”, we pass fishing buoys, old nets and plastic bottles. Small colorful bits of plastic bob on the waves as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearwater\">shearwaters\u003c/a> swoop down to investigate them as food. We pass a refrigerator overgrown with barnacles, but most of the debris is plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.algalita.org/index.php\">Algalita Marine Research Foundation\u003c/a> indicates there is six times more plastic than phytoplankton (single-celled marine algae) per weight and fifty times more plastic than zooplankton (small crustaceans and larvae) in the North Pacific Gyre. Over half this plastic is plankton size: less than 60 mm or a quarter-inch in size. These tiny plants and animals are the base of the ocean food web, and animals consuming plankton from herring to whales are ingesting plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plastics are Forever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic doesn’t go away, it just gets smaller. Approximately 70% of plastic sinks to the bottom where it sits like a time bomb waiting to be assimilated. The larger pieces float along until cast ashore or ingested by a marine animal. Plastics absorb organic pollutants like toxic sponges, concentrating the poisons and finding their way into the food chain from fish to humans. One study found \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulmar\">fulmars\u003c/a>, ocean-going birds that visit our waters, have over 30 pieces of plastic in their stomachs. A sea turtle found dead off Hawaii had over 1000 pieces of plastics in its intestines. Hundreds of thousands of seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals die from plastic ingestion each year. Americans generate 10.5 million tons of plastic waste a year but recycle only 1 or 2% of it. An estimated 14 billion pounds of trash – most of it plastic – is dumped in the world’s oceans every year. Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many as 1 million sea creatures every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This problem occurs in every ocean in the world. We are killing our wildlife and poisoning ourselves through a preventable problem. For hundreds of miles of ocean, patches of plastic cross our bow. A sailboat is like a small planet: we have limited food and water and we generate waste. On past \u003ca href=\"http://SeaStewards.org\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> expeditions, we are careful to keep all plastic aboard, and minimize plastic wrapping and bags in our provisioning. No plastic goes into the ocean on our watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Make a Change, Clean it Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can reduce our waste using less, bringing your own bag to the grocer and using a metal water bottle.\u003cbr>\nJoin us and hundreds of thousands of Californians on September 17, \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">California Coastal Clean Up Day\u003c/a>. You can participate at one of the regular clean ups organized by your local \u003ca href=\"http://www.surfrider.org/\">Surfrider Foundation\u003c/a> or start your own. Plastics reduction and marine debris clean up is part of \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/healthy-oceans-initiative/\">Sea Stewards Healthy Oceans Initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bird-and-cap.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-23808\" title=\"Bird and cap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bird-and-cap.jpg\" alt=\"Bird and cap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>A few years ago while sailing a boat back from Hawaii, we skirted the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_High\">North Pacific High\u003c/a>. This is a pressure zone midway between the mainland and the islands. Along the margins is the great current that circulates around the Pacific concentrating flotsam into what is known as the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_Gyre\">North Pacific Gyre\u003c/a>. Now considered the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”, we pass fishing buoys, old nets and plastic bottles. Small colorful bits of plastic bob on the waves as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearwater\">shearwaters\u003c/a> swoop down to investigate them as food. We pass a refrigerator overgrown with barnacles, but most of the debris is plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.algalita.org/index.php\">Algalita Marine Research Foundation\u003c/a> indicates there is six times more plastic than phytoplankton (single-celled marine algae) per weight and fifty times more plastic than zooplankton (small crustaceans and larvae) in the North Pacific Gyre. Over half this plastic is plankton size: less than 60 mm or a quarter-inch in size. These tiny plants and animals are the base of the ocean food web, and animals consuming plankton from herring to whales are ingesting plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plastics are Forever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic doesn’t go away, it just gets smaller. Approximately 70% of plastic sinks to the bottom where it sits like a time bomb waiting to be assimilated. The larger pieces float along until cast ashore or ingested by a marine animal. Plastics absorb organic pollutants like toxic sponges, concentrating the poisons and finding their way into the food chain from fish to humans. One study found \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulmar\">fulmars\u003c/a>, ocean-going birds that visit our waters, have over 30 pieces of plastic in their stomachs. A sea turtle found dead off Hawaii had over 1000 pieces of plastics in its intestines. Hundreds of thousands of seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals die from plastic ingestion each year. Americans generate 10.5 million tons of plastic waste a year but recycle only 1 or 2% of it. An estimated 14 billion pounds of trash – most of it plastic – is dumped in the world’s oceans every year. Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many as 1 million sea creatures every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This problem occurs in every ocean in the world. We are killing our wildlife and poisoning ourselves through a preventable problem. For hundreds of miles of ocean, patches of plastic cross our bow. A sailboat is like a small planet: we have limited food and water and we generate waste. On past \u003ca href=\"http://SeaStewards.org\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> expeditions, we are careful to keep all plastic aboard, and minimize plastic wrapping and bags in our provisioning. No plastic goes into the ocean on our watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>While the massive scale of Bryant Austin’s life-sized whale photographs has an instantaneous and undeniable awing effect, it is the sense of emotional connection to his subjects that makes the images stick in the viewer’s mind. These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The camera I’m holding in a way is like the world’s eye, humanity’s eye, so we can make whales visible and hopefully change our perception and behavior towards them. So it’s ironic that this little 210-pound person really can be more powerful than this 40-ton whale.” \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scotts Valley photographer Bryant Austin swims eye-to-eye with the world's largest animals in order to bring attention to the plight of these intelligent ocean denizens. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the massive scale of Bryant Austin’s life-sized whale photographs has an instantaneous and undeniable awing effect, it is the sense of emotional connection to his subjects that makes the images stick in the viewer’s mind. These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Science on the SPOT: Dark Matter: Inside the Compost Cycle",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every day, San Francisco’s compostables – all 600 tons of them – are hauled away from the city. I found myself asking, “Where does it all go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While looking for the answers, I found agronomist Bob Shaffer. Shaffer started out as a farmer, but soon realized that he was more interested in the soil than in what grew out of it. That led to a career in making and applying compost. He now works with \u003ca href=\"http://www.recology.com/index.htm\">Recology\u003c/a>, the company that composts San Francisco's green waste, at their \u003ca href=\"http://www.jepsonprairieorganics.com/\">composting facility in Vacaville\u003c/a> and with farmers who want to improve their crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Shaffer’s clients is \u003ca href=\"http://www.buckzin.com/index.html\">Old Hill Ranch\u003c/a> in Glen Ellen. As the name suggests, the vineyard is one of the earliest in Sonoma County and has many 100-year-old vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Old Hill was first established, it was planted in the traditional way – a lot of different grape varietals were planted, producing a blended wine. The vineyard has a colorful map that identifies the patchwork of varietals on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines are dry farmed, with no irrigation system running between the vine rows. This makes adding compost really important, as it helps with water retention in the soil. Old Hill’s owner, Will Bucklin, is also experimenting with compost tea, in which a small amount of compost is “brewed” into a dark tea to develop beneficial microbes. The tea can be added to a water supply or sprayed onto the leaves directly. It’s another way of making nutrients and protective microbes available to the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Compost_grapes_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23733\" title=\"Compost_grapes_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Compost_grapes_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny young grapes on a vine at Old Hill Ranch, in Glen Ellen. Photo: Kate Szrom.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When QUEST visited Old Hill Ranch, it was a hot, sunny June day. There had just been a full moon and the blooms on the vines had set into tiny green grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he does in the summer season, Shaffer checked to see if the vines were getting water and nutrients by observing the leaves and tendrils on the vines. He pointed out some of the cover crops he has planted to prevent soil erosion. Through their roots, cover crops like grasses and legumes can also carry carbon deeper into the soil than compost alone would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, compost will be applied at Old Hill and on other vineyards like it. Over the winter, rains will help spread the nutrients and beneficial microbes in the compost through the ground to be made available for next year’s growing season.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "How does San Francisco’s 600 tons of compostable waste become a nutrient-rich material that improves the quality of our local wines? Agronomist Bob Shaffer, Northern California’s “compost guy,” takes QUEST into the composting process.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every day, San Francisco’s compostables – all 600 tons of them – are hauled away from the city. I found myself asking, “Where does it all go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While looking for the answers, I found agronomist Bob Shaffer. Shaffer started out as a farmer, but soon realized that he was more interested in the soil than in what grew out of it. That led to a career in making and applying compost. He now works with \u003ca href=\"http://www.recology.com/index.htm\">Recology\u003c/a>, the company that composts San Francisco's green waste, at their \u003ca href=\"http://www.jepsonprairieorganics.com/\">composting facility in Vacaville\u003c/a> and with farmers who want to improve their crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Shaffer’s clients is \u003ca href=\"http://www.buckzin.com/index.html\">Old Hill Ranch\u003c/a> in Glen Ellen. As the name suggests, the vineyard is one of the earliest in Sonoma County and has many 100-year-old vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Old Hill was first established, it was planted in the traditional way – a lot of different grape varietals were planted, producing a blended wine. The vineyard has a colorful map that identifies the patchwork of varietals on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines are dry farmed, with no irrigation system running between the vine rows. This makes adding compost really important, as it helps with water retention in the soil. Old Hill’s owner, Will Bucklin, is also experimenting with compost tea, in which a small amount of compost is “brewed” into a dark tea to develop beneficial microbes. The tea can be added to a water supply or sprayed onto the leaves directly. It’s another way of making nutrients and protective microbes available to the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Compost_grapes_640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23733\" title=\"Compost_grapes_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Compost_grapes_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny young grapes on a vine at Old Hill Ranch, in Glen Ellen. Photo: Kate Szrom.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When QUEST visited Old Hill Ranch, it was a hot, sunny June day. There had just been a full moon and the blooms on the vines had set into tiny green grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Carlo Petrini, Slow Food Founder, Kicks Off New UCB Food Politics Class",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_1950.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32629\" title=\"Slow Food Founder Carlo Petrini\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_1950.jpg\" alt=\"Slow Food Founder Carlo Petrini\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Carlo Petrini, Slow Food founder/president and Corby Kummer, food writer/interpreter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Petrini\">Carlo Petrini\u003c/a>, founded Slow Food in an effort to resist McDonalds efforts to erect the Golden Arches in one of the most historical areas of Rome. Since then Petrini's work has spawned an international movement aimed at overhauling global food systems that he says are unhealthy and way out of balance. Petrini gave an impassioned lecture at U.C. Berkeley Tuesday night. While he spoke in vivid Italian, food writer Corby Kummer interpreted. Petrini seemed the perfect choice to inagurate the first class of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/edible-education-101\">Edible Education 101: The Rise and the Future of the Food Movement\u003c/a>. The course is being co-taught by J-school professor, and author, \u003ca href=\"http://michaelpollan.com/\">Michael Pollan\u003c/a> and Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.peoplesgrocery.org/\">People's Grocery\u003c/a> in West Oakland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2011/08/19/nikki-henderson-on-the-frontlines-of-edible-education/\">Nikki Henderson\u003c/a>. The premise of the class is that food is political. Students and members of the public are given a chance to explore pressing issues such as food access, distribution and nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_19331.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32633\" title=\"Students checking in for Edible Education \" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_19331.jpg\" alt=\"Students checking in for Edible Education \" width=\"500\" height=\"366\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>UC Berkeley students checking in for Edible Education\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student enrollment for the 13-week course filled up within minutes. The popular classes are also being \u003ca href=\"http://www.ticketweb.com/snl/EventListings.action?pl=panisse&orgId=130613\">offered to the public\u003c/a>, free of charge and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bamco.com/\">Bon Appétit Management Co.\u003c/a> (BAMCO) is sponsoring the webcast on YouTube. In the audience Tuesday night were freshman Bridget Smith and Sarah Branoff. They said they are taking the course because, as undergrads, they don't usually get a chance to take a journalism class at Berkeley. They both like food and baking and have never even heard of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanisse.com/about/alice-waters/\">Alice Waters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/\">Waters' Chez Panisse Foundation \u003c/a>is helping fund the class. David Park is a Venture Capitalist from Foster City. Park, who puts together health and wellness portfolios, says he is always on the lookout for who to hire and who to fund in the food and nutrition arena. Claudia Weisburd, another member of the public, is interested in how the course promises to integrate environmentalists, social justice activists and foodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm used to seeing these \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/08/23/edible-education-101-rock-stars-of-food-movement-teach-uc-berkeley-class/\">rock stars of the food movement\u003c/a> on TV talk shows and not a scuffed up college stage in front of a white screen with no graphics but somehow Petrini kept everyone's attention. The International Slow Food founder talked about how there are two worlds, one where people get too much to eat and another that doesn't get enough to eat. He talked about gastronomy and how recipes are only one small part. Agriculture, anthropology and political economics are all part of gastronomy. What Petrini wants to do is fix the bad parts of the engine of gastronomy. He said right now, around the world, one billion people are suffering from hunger and in the U.S. we are throwing away twenty-two tons of food a day. For many of us with access to food, we have become locked into diets that are making us sick. Petrini says if you understand food politics you can help create change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are some new paradigms he mentioned:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Strengthen reciprocity -- Community supported agriculture is an example of this. You give money to a farmer and when he, or she, has it, they give you produce they have grown in return. Petrini's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slowfood.com/international/9/what-we-do\">Slow Food movement\u003c/a> is working to connect local food communities around the world.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Share community tools. Why should every house have a shovel or a lawnmower?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give more value to the people who produce food. Petrini calls farmers the intellectuals of the earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give more value to food. Don't waste it.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nThe goal, says Petrini, is a world in which we stop consuming so much but also help those struggling so that they can have more. Petrini told the audience consuming less doesn't mean you will be less happy. \"You will be more happy,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week's class, which is already filled up, features film and theater director \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sellars\">Peter Sellars\u003c/a>. He will be discussing Food as Culture: the role of culture and the arts in deepening and strengthening the social and political roots of the food movement. Originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/09/01/slow-food-founder-kicks-off-ucb-food-politics-class/\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_1950.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32629\" title=\"Slow Food Founder Carlo Petrini\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_1950.jpg\" alt=\"Slow Food Founder Carlo Petrini\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Carlo Petrini, Slow Food founder/president and Corby Kummer, food writer/interpreter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Petrini\">Carlo Petrini\u003c/a>, founded Slow Food in an effort to resist McDonalds efforts to erect the Golden Arches in one of the most historical areas of Rome. Since then Petrini's work has spawned an international movement aimed at overhauling global food systems that he says are unhealthy and way out of balance. Petrini gave an impassioned lecture at U.C. Berkeley Tuesday night. While he spoke in vivid Italian, food writer Corby Kummer interpreted. Petrini seemed the perfect choice to inagurate the first class of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/edible-education-101\">Edible Education 101: The Rise and the Future of the Food Movement\u003c/a>. The course is being co-taught by J-school professor, and author, \u003ca href=\"http://michaelpollan.com/\">Michael Pollan\u003c/a> and Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.peoplesgrocery.org/\">People's Grocery\u003c/a> in West Oakland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2011/08/19/nikki-henderson-on-the-frontlines-of-edible-education/\">Nikki Henderson\u003c/a>. The premise of the class is that food is political. Students and members of the public are given a chance to explore pressing issues such as food access, distribution and nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_19331.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32633\" title=\"Students checking in for Edible Education \" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/files/2011/08/IMG_19331.jpg\" alt=\"Students checking in for Edible Education \" width=\"500\" height=\"366\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>UC Berkeley students checking in for Edible Education\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student enrollment for the 13-week course filled up within minutes. The popular classes are also being \u003ca href=\"http://www.ticketweb.com/snl/EventListings.action?pl=panisse&orgId=130613\">offered to the public\u003c/a>, free of charge and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bamco.com/\">Bon Appétit Management Co.\u003c/a> (BAMCO) is sponsoring the webcast on YouTube. In the audience Tuesday night were freshman Bridget Smith and Sarah Branoff. They said they are taking the course because, as undergrads, they don't usually get a chance to take a journalism class at Berkeley. They both like food and baking and have never even heard of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanisse.com/about/alice-waters/\">Alice Waters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chezpanissefoundation.org/\">Waters' Chez Panisse Foundation \u003c/a>is helping fund the class. David Park is a Venture Capitalist from Foster City. Park, who puts together health and wellness portfolios, says he is always on the lookout for who to hire and who to fund in the food and nutrition arena. Claudia Weisburd, another member of the public, is interested in how the course promises to integrate environmentalists, social justice activists and foodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm used to seeing these \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/08/23/edible-education-101-rock-stars-of-food-movement-teach-uc-berkeley-class/\">rock stars of the food movement\u003c/a> on TV talk shows and not a scuffed up college stage in front of a white screen with no graphics but somehow Petrini kept everyone's attention. The International Slow Food founder talked about how there are two worlds, one where people get too much to eat and another that doesn't get enough to eat. He talked about gastronomy and how recipes are only one small part. Agriculture, anthropology and political economics are all part of gastronomy. What Petrini wants to do is fix the bad parts of the engine of gastronomy. He said right now, around the world, one billion people are suffering from hunger and in the U.S. we are throwing away twenty-two tons of food a day. For many of us with access to food, we have become locked into diets that are making us sick. Petrini says if you understand food politics you can help create change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are some new paradigms he mentioned:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Strengthen reciprocity -- Community supported agriculture is an example of this. You give money to a farmer and when he, or she, has it, they give you produce they have grown in return. Petrini's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slowfood.com/international/9/what-we-do\">Slow Food movement\u003c/a> is working to connect local food communities around the world.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Share community tools. Why should every house have a shovel or a lawnmower?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give more value to the people who produce food. Petrini calls farmers the intellectuals of the earth.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give more value to food. Don't waste it.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nThe goal, says Petrini, is a world in which we stop consuming so much but also help those struggling so that they can have more. Petrini told the audience consuming less doesn't mean you will be less happy. \"You will be more happy,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week's class, which is already filled up, features film and theater director \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sellars\">Peter Sellars\u003c/a>. He will be discussing Food as Culture: the role of culture and the arts in deepening and strengthening the social and political roots of the food movement. Originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/09/01/slow-food-founder-kicks-off-ucb-food-politics-class/\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23340\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/cattle.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23340\" title=\"cattle\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/cattle-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How can California cattle ranches pull carbon out of the atmosphere? Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What if we could pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and store it underground? Well, plants do this every day—through photosynthesis. Plants take CO2 from the air and incorporate it into their tissues. When their leaves drop to the ground, or bits of their roots slough off, or they die and decompose, the carbon from the plants’ tissues goes into the soil. Researchers from UC Berkeley are working with cattle ranchers in Marin County to figure out how to increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil. I spoke to Berkeley grad student \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/silverlab/?p=110\">Becca Ryals\u003c/a> to learn more about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">Marin Carbon Project\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca and other students in her advisor \u003ca href=\"http://cnr.berkeley.edu/silverlab/\">Whendee Silver’s lab\u003c/a>, in the \u003ca href=\"http://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/\">Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management\u003c/a> at Berkeley, had been studying the effects of climate change on the carbon in soil. They were taking soil samples from California’s rangelands to see how much carbon is stored—or sequestered—in the soil, and why carbon storage varies so much from place to place. The cattle ranchers, on whose land the researchers were working, wanted to know how their land management practices could increase carbon sequestration in their soils. The ranchers’ questions were the catalyst for the next step in Becca and her colleagues’ research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did an experiment to see whether adding compost affects the amount of carbon stored in the soil. They set up a study in 2008 in two places—Nicasio Ranch, in Marin county, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.org/sites/sfrec/\">Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center\u003c/a> in the Sierra Valley. At each site, in some areas they added a half-inch thick layer of commercially available compost, made from yard waste and food scraps, to the soil. In other areas, they left the soil alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23342\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23342\" title=\"tractor2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2-400x181.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compost is added to the soil at a cattle ranch, part of the Marin Carbon Project. Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they returned to the plots a few months later, they found that the plots with compost had a 50-70% increase in grass production. The compost had fertilized the grass and increased its growth. The ranchers were happy to see the increase in grass production—there was more forage for their cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23343\" title=\"MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The boxed areas were treated with a ½ inch layer of compost; the grass there grew thicker for 3 years after the compost was added. Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Becca and her colleagues expected that after a year, the effect of the compost would have worn off. They were wrong. When they went back the next year, the grass production was still up 50-70%. They went back three years after the compost was added, and they could still see its effects—grass production was still up by 50-70%. The compost acted as a slow-release fertilizer. They’re continuing to monitor the plots: for how long will the compost added in 2008 continue to benefit the grass, the soil, and the ranchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca and her colleagues took multiple soil samples from the different plots, and found that in the compost-treated plots the amount of carbon in the soil had increased by about 20%. This is a huge increase in the world of soil carbon. Some of this carbon comes directly from the compost, and some is there because of the increase in grass production—grass dies and the carbon from its tissues enters the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/silverlab/?p=635\">Marcia DeLonge\u003c/a>, a post-doc in Becca’s lab, is looking at whether the type of compost matters. She’s comparing the effects of yard waste/food scrap compost and compost made from cow manure—which is readily available at her field sites, three dairies in Marin County. Their work has become well known to local ranchers, and they received offers from so many ranchers to do the study on their land that they had difficulty choosing their field sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Carbon Project is starting to talk with ranchers and local agencies about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/programs.php\">carbon market\u003c/a>—using the researchers’ findings, they can monitor the amount of carbon in the soil, and ranchers can be rewarded for the carbon sequestered on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca, Whendee, and her lab-mates share their research findings with ranchers through presentations at public venues. The ranchers ask them questions, and the researchers figure out how they can answer them, by designing new studies and asking more questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca enjoys the science: “There are interesting, challenging questions,” she says. But “I really like working with the ranchers and seeing the research findings applied to everyday land management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her work also gives her an appreciation for local food. “When I see Point Reyes Blue Cheese,” Becca says, “I know that rancher. I saw those soils.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23340\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/cattle.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23340\" title=\"cattle\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/cattle-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How can California cattle ranches pull carbon out of the atmosphere? Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What if we could pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and store it underground? Well, plants do this every day—through photosynthesis. Plants take CO2 from the air and incorporate it into their tissues. When their leaves drop to the ground, or bits of their roots slough off, or they die and decompose, the carbon from the plants’ tissues goes into the soil. Researchers from UC Berkeley are working with cattle ranchers in Marin County to figure out how to increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil. I spoke to Berkeley grad student \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/silverlab/?p=110\">Becca Ryals\u003c/a> to learn more about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">Marin Carbon Project\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca and other students in her advisor \u003ca href=\"http://cnr.berkeley.edu/silverlab/\">Whendee Silver’s lab\u003c/a>, in the \u003ca href=\"http://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/\">Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management\u003c/a> at Berkeley, had been studying the effects of climate change on the carbon in soil. They were taking soil samples from California’s rangelands to see how much carbon is stored—or sequestered—in the soil, and why carbon storage varies so much from place to place. The cattle ranchers, on whose land the researchers were working, wanted to know how their land management practices could increase carbon sequestration in their soils. The ranchers’ questions were the catalyst for the next step in Becca and her colleagues’ research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did an experiment to see whether adding compost affects the amount of carbon stored in the soil. They set up a study in 2008 in two places—Nicasio Ranch, in Marin county, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.org/sites/sfrec/\">Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center\u003c/a> in the Sierra Valley. At each site, in some areas they added a half-inch thick layer of commercially available compost, made from yard waste and food scraps, to the soil. In other areas, they left the soil alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23342\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23342\" title=\"tractor2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/tractor2-400x181.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compost is added to the soil at a cattle ranch, part of the Marin Carbon Project. Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they returned to the plots a few months later, they found that the plots with compost had a 50-70% increase in grass production. The compost had fertilized the grass and increased its growth. The ranchers were happy to see the increase in grass production—there was more forage for their cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23343\" title=\"MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/MarinCarbonExperimentalPlots-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The boxed areas were treated with a ½ inch layer of compost; the grass there grew thicker for 3 years after the compost was added. Photo courtesy of Becca Ryals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Becca and her colleagues expected that after a year, the effect of the compost would have worn off. They were wrong. When they went back the next year, the grass production was still up 50-70%. They went back three years after the compost was added, and they could still see its effects—grass production was still up by 50-70%. The compost acted as a slow-release fertilizer. They’re continuing to monitor the plots: for how long will the compost added in 2008 continue to benefit the grass, the soil, and the ranchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca and her colleagues took multiple soil samples from the different plots, and found that in the compost-treated plots the amount of carbon in the soil had increased by about 20%. This is a huge increase in the world of soil carbon. Some of this carbon comes directly from the compost, and some is there because of the increase in grass production—grass dies and the carbon from its tissues enters the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/silverlab/?p=635\">Marcia DeLonge\u003c/a>, a post-doc in Becca’s lab, is looking at whether the type of compost matters. She’s comparing the effects of yard waste/food scrap compost and compost made from cow manure—which is readily available at her field sites, three dairies in Marin County. Their work has become well known to local ranchers, and they received offers from so many ranchers to do the study on their land that they had difficulty choosing their field sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Carbon Project is starting to talk with ranchers and local agencies about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.marincarbonproject.org/programs.php\">carbon market\u003c/a>—using the researchers’ findings, they can monitor the amount of carbon in the soil, and ranchers can be rewarded for the carbon sequestered on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca, Whendee, and her lab-mates share their research findings with ranchers through presentations at public venues. The ranchers ask them questions, and the researchers figure out how they can answer them, by designing new studies and asking more questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becca enjoys the science: “There are interesting, challenging questions,” she says. But “I really like working with the ranchers and seeing the research findings applied to everyday land management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her work also gives her an appreciation for local food. “When I see Point Reyes Blue Cheese,” Becca says, “I know that rancher. I saw those soils.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you ever want to meet someone enthusiastic about their job, catch up with the staff that works in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.omahazoo.com/exhibits/butterfly-insect-pavilion/\">Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo Butterfly and Insect Pavilion\u003c/a>. The first time I visited to discuss videotaping with them for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/invertebrates/saltcreektiger/FinalRecoveryOutlineFeb2009.pdf\">Salt Creek tiger beetle recovery project\u003c/a>, they brought out bug after bug for me to see. These insects didn't have anything to do with Salt Creek tiger beetles, but Kay Klatt and her staff wanted me to see the amazing features that different bugs have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_beetle\">atlas beetle\u003c/a> that's black and shiny like a newly washed Harley Davidson motorcycle. There's \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf-cutter_ants\">leafcutter ants\u003c/a> that slice leaves off of trees with a cut as clean as a butcher's knife would make. (Those leaves become fungi, which is actually what they eat.) I'd never seen anything like a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongylus_gongylodes\">violin mantis\u003c/a> before. This bark-colored creature flexes at the joints as it moves to make it seem more like a robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Eewww!!\" That's what a lot of people say when they see bugs. Kay Klatt, Supervisor of the Butterfly and Insect Pavilion at Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo, says, \"That's perfect. That's what gets people interested, especially young people. What is that? What does it do? How does that work? That's what might motivate someone to want to work with insects when they grow up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff couldn't stop telling me about the creatures as they showed them to me. They talked about how many times they've been bitten or what species have bitten them, but they even did that with enthusiasm. I learned a lot about many types of bugs in a short amount of time. But the other thing I learned is that rare and fragile creatures like \u003ca href=\"http://drshigley.com/lgh/sctb/\">Salt Creek tiger beetles\u003c/a> are in good hands when people like this are looking out for them. The odds are stacked against \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/invertebrates/saltcreektiger/\">the tiger beetles\u003c/a>, but if they make it, it will be because there are people with a passion to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passion will be a test of patience for the next several months. All the staff can do with the Salt Creek tiger beetle larvae is feed it. To do that, its food is placed at the top of a tube of soil, then the larvae will come to the top to get it. I was surprised to learn that's about all the staff can do -- watch and wait until (hopefully) the larvae turn into beetles and then can be released into saline habitats near Lincoln next spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Tiger_Beetle_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salt Creek tiger beetle is one of the most endangered species in the United States, with only two to five hundred beetles left. They're found only in a small saline wetland area just north of Lincoln, Nebraska. We visited the wetland with Mitch Paine, a former research assistant at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln who worked with the beetles and comes back every summer to photograph the Salt Creek tiger beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Produced by Diego Moreno / QUEST Nebraska. Beetle photographs by Mitch Paine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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