window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"quest_54853": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_54853",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54853",
"found": true
},
"parent": 51851,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x360-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1368731376,
"modified": 1368731376,
"caption": null,
"description": "Freshwater expert Sandra Postel in a river bed",
"title": "Freshwater expert Sandra Postel",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_54812": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_54812",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54812",
"found": true
},
"parent": 54809,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1368724113,
"modified": 1368724113,
"caption": "We are getting very close to being able to bring back these gorgeous trees that used to dominate forests in the Eastern U.S. Now the big question is whether we should. Image courtesy of Wikipedia commons. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Chestnut1",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_54069": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_54069",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54069",
"found": true
},
"parent": 50948,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg",
"width": 604,
"height": 340
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1367851660,
"modified": 1367851660,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "RS_DSCN1134",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_54580": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_54580",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54580",
"found": true
},
"parent": 54579,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-400x224.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 224
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647.jpg",
"width": 542,
"height": 304
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360-e1368638589647-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1368469959,
"modified": 1368469959,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science During Crisis 640 360",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_54118": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_54118",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54118",
"found": true
},
"parent": 53198,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Genetically-engineered-rice_701_marquee-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1367883145,
"modified": 1367883145,
"caption": "Researchers at the University of California-Davis have genetically engineered rice to be drought-tolerant.",
"description": "Genetically engineered rice at the University of California at Davis.",
"title": "Genetically engineered rice_701_marquee",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_53476": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_53476",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53476",
"found": true
},
"parent": 53462,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-640x372.jpg",
"width": 640,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 427
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1367119621,
"modified": 1367119621,
"caption": "Photo by Rachael Rufino",
"description": "Helictite formations at Black Chasm Cavern.",
"title": "cave 3",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_53676": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_53676",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53676",
"found": true
},
"parent": 53672,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion.jpg",
"width": 758,
"height": 426
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1367383371,
"modified": 1367383371,
"caption": "The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being.",
"description": "mountain lion",
"title": "Kuma",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_53294": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_53294",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53294",
"found": true
},
"parent": 53274,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1366919776,
"modified": 1366919776,
"caption": "Photograph courtesy of kfisto via Creative Commons licensing.",
"description": null,
"title": "strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_53333": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_53333",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53333",
"found": true
},
"parent": 53308,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3019_crop-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1366924945,
"modified": 1366924945,
"caption": "A small portion of Lake Berryessa, which would be part of a proposed National Conservation Area. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)",
"description": "Lake Berryessa",
"title": "IMG_3019_crop",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_52738": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_52738",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52738",
"found": true
},
"parent": 52736,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/earth-e1366654289163-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1366654173,
"modified": 1366654173,
"caption": null,
"description": "Earth and North America from Space - taken from a digitally enhanced, 1972 NASA Apollo 16 Mission negative - one of the last manned flights at this distance - 10,000 miles, or 16,000 kilometers - restored historic photo, not computer generated",
"title": "Earth and North America from Space",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_52834": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_52834",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52834",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828.jpg",
"width": 636,
"height": 357
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo1-e1366685630828-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1366685325,
"modified": 1366685325,
"caption": null,
"description": "Stormy Ocean Wandering Albatross",
"title": "S",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_52484": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_52484",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52484",
"found": true
},
"parent": 52462,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1366173173,
"modified": 1366173173,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fire",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"amystanden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "210",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "210",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amy Standen",
"firstName": "Amy",
"lastName": "Standen",
"slug": "amystanden",
"email": "astanden@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amy Standen | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/amystanden"
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"peterlollo": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "1410",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "1410",
"found": true
},
"name": "Peter Lollo",
"firstName": "Peter",
"lastName": "Lollo",
"slug": "peterlollo",
"email": "peteralollo@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Peter graduated with a BA in Political Economy and BS in Conservation & Resource Studies from UC Berkeley in 2010. He has since worked within a number of environmental organizations throughout the Bay Area as well as founded a Berkeley recycling program aimed at reducing municipal waste. Peter has also done environmental reporting for the East Bay Express as well as the non profit organization Food & Water Watch. Off the job, he plays ping pong at his home--a skill for which he is residentially-renowned.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Peter Lollo | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/peterlollo"
},
"andrea-swensrud": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6170",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6170",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andrea Aust",
"firstName": "Andrea",
"lastName": "Aust",
"slug": "andrea-swensrud",
"email": "aaust@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Andrea is the Senior Manager of Science Education for KQED, where she has been developing science education resources and providing professional learning for STEM educators for more than 10 years. Andrea graduated from UC Berkeley with a B.A. in Environmental Science and earned her M.A. in Teaching and Multiple Subject Teaching Credential from the University of San Francisco. Prior to KQED, she taught, developed, and managed marine science and environmental education programs in Aspen, Catalina Island and the Bay Area. Follow her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDaust\">@KQEDaust\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "KQEDaust",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "education",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"unfiltered_upload",
"administrator"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andrea Aust | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0e24afde91dbbf0fb0652c4ebbebceee?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andrea-swensrud"
},
"dr-barry-starr": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6177",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6177",
"found": true
},
"name": "Dr. Barry Starr",
"firstName": "Dr. Barry",
"lastName": "Starr",
"slug": "dr-barry-starr",
"email": "bstarr@thetech.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "geneticsboy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Dr. Barry Starr | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dr-barry-starr"
},
"gabriela-quiros": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6186",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6186",
"found": true
},
"name": "Gabriela Quirós",
"firstName": "Gabriela",
"lastName": "Quirós",
"slug": "gabriela-quiros",
"email": "gquiros@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "Supervising Producer",
"bio": "Gabriela Quirós is the \u003cstrong>supervising producer for KQED's web science video series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/deeplook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. She joined KQED as a TV producer when its science series QUEST started in 2006 and has covered everything from Alzheimer’s to bee die-offs to dark energy.\r\n\r\nShe won a 2022 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award with a team of her Deep Look colleagues. She has won six regional Emmys as a video producer and has shared eight more as the coordinating producer of Deep Look. The episode she produced about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a> won a Webby \"People's Voice\" award. She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "gabrielaquirosr",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"ef_view_calendar",
"ef_view_story_budget"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Gabriela Quirós | KQED",
"description": "Supervising Producer",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/gabriela-quiros"
},
"lizagross": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6322",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6322",
"found": true
},
"name": "Liza Gross",
"firstName": "Liza",
"lastName": "Gross",
"slug": "lizagross",
"email": "lizagross@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Liza Gross, an award-winning independent journalist and senior editor at the biomedical journal PLOS Biology, writes mostly about conservation and public and environmental health. She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Liza Gross | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lizagross"
},
"jenniferhuber": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6360",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6360",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jennifer Huber",
"firstName": "Jennifer",
"lastName": "Huber",
"slug": "jenniferhuber",
"email": "jshuber@lbl.gov",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Jennifer Huber is a medical imaging scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with more than 20 years of experience in academic science writing. She received her Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California Santa Barbara. She is also a freelance science writer, editor and blogger, as well as a science-writing instructor for the University of California Berkeley Extension. Jennifer has lived in the San Francisco Bay Area most of her life and she frequently enjoys the eclectic cultural, culinary and outdoor activities available in the area.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/jenniferhuber/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ci>QUEST\u003c/i>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jennifer Huber | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jenniferhuber"
},
"rachaeltom": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6409",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6409",
"found": true
},
"name": "Rachael Tom",
"firstName": "Rachael",
"lastName": "Tom",
"slug": "rachaeltom",
"email": "rachael.cecelia@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Rachael is an Animal Keeper and blogger at CuriOdyssey with over 15 years of experience working with wildlife. She volunteers at The Marine Mammal Center, is President of the Bay Area chapter for the American Association of Zookeepers (AAZK), and is a member of AAZK's Communication Committee and Professional Development Committee. Rachael earned her B.A. in Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice from San Francisco State University.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/rachaeltom/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Rachael Tom | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/rachaeltom"
},
"andysoth": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10275",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10275",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andy Soth",
"firstName": "Andy",
"lastName": "Soth",
"slug": "andysoth",
"email": "andy.soth@wpt.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Andy Soth is a senior producer at Wisconsin Public Television based in Madison. His work has included environmental, technology and feature reporting for the magazine program, In Wisconsin, as well as numerous Web projects. He is content editor for WisconsinVote.org, which was recently named best election Web site by the Wisconsin Broadcasters Association. The WBA, along with the Milwaukee Press Club and the Northwest Broadcast News Association have frequently honored Soth’s television stories. In 1999, Soth shared in a national Emmy as segment producer for The :30 Second Candidate.\r\n\r\nSoth has an MS in Life Sciences Communication from the University of Wisconsin and graduated from Oberlin College with a degree in Art History. He has also attended the WETA Producers Academy and was recently selected a Fellow for the Institutes for Journalism & Natural Resources Asian Carp Institute.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"coordinator",
"edit_published_pages",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andy Soth | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andysoth"
},
"davidhuppert": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10296",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10296",
"found": true
},
"name": "David Huppert",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "Huppert",
"slug": "davidhuppert",
"email": "dhuppert@unctv.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "As a producer/reporter for UNC-TV, David Huppert has spent the last 6 years immersing himself in the Old North State's culture and folklore, consuming as much of state's rich legacy (and barbecue) as possible.\r\n\r\nDavid returns to UNC-TV after a one-year hiatus in NYC where he produced for CBS This Morning. Since 2000 David has produced pieces for public television (UNC-TV, Charlie Rose) and commercial news (CBS, FNC’s The O’Reilly Factor, CNBC).\r\n\r\nWhen he’s not telling stories for television, David is either working on a documentary about Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, or gallivanting around North Carolina with his wife, @mediumish. You can follow him @hupdiggs and at vimeo.com/davidhuppert",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"leadcoordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "David Huppert | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/davidhuppert"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"quest_category_environment": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"score": 12.138453
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Environment",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "quest",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 16
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/quest?category=environment",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 16
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"quest_51851": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_51851",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "51851",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1369148408000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1369148408,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "The Future of Water",
"title": "The Future of Water",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54854\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601.jpg\" alt=\"Freshwater expert Sandra Postel \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Virginia Smith\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong> Sandra Postel\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Sandra Postel has been a leading authority on global freshwater issues for 25 years. Through her organization, \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.globalwaterpolicy.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The Global Water Policy Project\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>, Postel conducts research, writes, and travels the world providing insights into water challenges and solutions. A former Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment, she is currently the National Geographic Society’s \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/sandra-postel/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Freshwater Fellow\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> —and she NEVER drinks bottled water if she can help it.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said in the future the human story will become a water story, what do you mean by that?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Water is going to be a central driver of the human experience over the next several decades and beyond. It’s about the scarcity of water; the fact that we’re running into limits in so many places around the world when it comes to water to grow food, water to keep cities expanding, and water to keep our populations supplied with what they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s been said “What oil was to the twentieth century, water will be to the twenty-first,” meaning conflict will erupt over water access. Are wars over water inevitable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003cimg class=\"alignright\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-water-glass-196x253.png\" alt=\"Water glass\" width=\"196\" height=\"253\">\u003c/em>I think water’s a more serious issue than the oil issue, given that there’s no substitute for water. We can’t transition away from water, the way we can from oil to other sources of energy. The idea that there will be wars over water the way there have been wars over oil; I think that’s a distraction. There’s going to be enormous social unrest and many humanitarian crises around water and related food shortages within countries. We need to think about and plan more for these circumstances than worrying about armies mobilizing over water. When you look at the river basins around the world, there’s more of a tendency to cooperate than to enter into conflict, so that’s a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I remember once watching David Letterman do a monologue when New York was in drought where he said, “I keep hearing about this water shortage so last night I turned on my shower and this morning it was still going strong.” How can you communicate about water scarcity when, in the first world, it’s pretty much available on demand? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most people do only think about water from the point of turning on their tap. But it’s hiding in so many other places in our lives; embedded in everything we wear, everything we eat, everything we do. It takes about 2000 gallons a day to sustain the average American’s lifestyle. More than half is our diet. So helping people think about how their dietary choices increase or decrease their personal water footprint makes a difference. Also, it takes 700 gallons to make a cotton shirt. That awareness is really missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-54872 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-cotton-field-542x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cotton field\" width=\"542\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to the NRDC, it takes anywhere from 700 to 2,000 gallons of water to produce about a pound of conventional cotton; just enough to make a single t-shirt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What have been some success stories in water conservation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of urban conservation, I think Boston is one of the best, in part because it’s in a part of the country that you don’t think of as needing to conserve so much. In the late 1980s, Boston was looking at a potential diversion of the Connecticut River to add supply to their reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Connecticut-River-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The Connecticut River in western Massachussetts\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Connecticut River in western Massachussetts\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the citizens said they wanted to protect the river and its salmon populations, so they asked the water authority to take a serious look at conservation measures. They did, and what they put in place was one of the most progressive and comprehensive conservation programs that I’ve seen. It involved retrofitting homes, strategic pricing, education, audits of industries, fixing leaks. A lot of older cities have tremendous leakage in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston’s water use today is back to where it was fifty years ago. It’s gone down 43% from the peak. And this is greater Boston: two and a half, three million people. The conservation program cost half as much as the alternative would have cost, and it is better for the environment. The river wasn’t diverted, and now there’s actually extra water, in a sense, surplus water in the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you drink eight cups of water daily? What kind of water bottle do you use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54851\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-2-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo credit: Cheryl Zook/National Geographic\" width=\"241\" height=\"162\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo credit: Cheryl Zook/National Geographic\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I drink tap water and I drink it out of a glass –or I have any number of stainless steel bottles that I put water in if I’m going to take a hike, or play tennis, or do something outdoors. I don’t drink bottled water unless I absolutely have to because I’m somewhere where there’s no other water available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You grew up on Long Island, but now live in New Mexico. Does living in an arid environment change your relationship with water\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. All I have to do is look out my window to see the importance of water in our lives. Understanding the impacts of climate change, particularly on the southwestern U.S., and what it’s going to take to sustain agriculture and populations in the West – it’s all right here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you want to get an idea of your own water use, try out the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/change-the-course/water-footprint-calculator/\">\u003cem>Water Footprint Calculator\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> Sandra Postel helped develop with the National Geographic Society. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "51851 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51851",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/21/the-future-of-water/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 973,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1443823895,
"excerpt": "Freshwater expert Sandra Postel reveals how water is destined to become our most precious resource— and the impact of your personal water footprint.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Freshwater expert Sandra Postel reveals how water is destined to become our most precious resource— and the impact of your personal water footprint.",
"title": "The Future of Water | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Future of Water",
"datePublished": "2013-05-21T08:00:08-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T15:11:35-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-future-of-water",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/51851/the-future-of-water",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54854\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601.jpg\" alt=\"Freshwater expert Sandra Postel \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-Smith-photo-640x3601-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Virginia Smith\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong> Sandra Postel\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Sandra Postel has been a leading authority on global freshwater issues for 25 years. Through her organization, \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.globalwaterpolicy.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The Global Water Policy Project\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>, Postel conducts research, writes, and travels the world providing insights into water challenges and solutions. A former Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment, she is currently the National Geographic Society’s \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/sandra-postel/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Freshwater Fellow\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> —and she NEVER drinks bottled water if she can help it.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said in the future the human story will become a water story, what do you mean by that?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Water is going to be a central driver of the human experience over the next several decades and beyond. It’s about the scarcity of water; the fact that we’re running into limits in so many places around the world when it comes to water to grow food, water to keep cities expanding, and water to keep our populations supplied with what they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s been said “What oil was to the twentieth century, water will be to the twenty-first,” meaning conflict will erupt over water access. Are wars over water inevitable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003cimg class=\"alignright\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-water-glass-196x253.png\" alt=\"Water glass\" width=\"196\" height=\"253\">\u003c/em>I think water’s a more serious issue than the oil issue, given that there’s no substitute for water. We can’t transition away from water, the way we can from oil to other sources of energy. The idea that there will be wars over water the way there have been wars over oil; I think that’s a distraction. There’s going to be enormous social unrest and many humanitarian crises around water and related food shortages within countries. We need to think about and plan more for these circumstances than worrying about armies mobilizing over water. When you look at the river basins around the world, there’s more of a tendency to cooperate than to enter into conflict, so that’s a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I remember once watching David Letterman do a monologue when New York was in drought where he said, “I keep hearing about this water shortage so last night I turned on my shower and this morning it was still going strong.” How can you communicate about water scarcity when, in the first world, it’s pretty much available on demand? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most people do only think about water from the point of turning on their tap. But it’s hiding in so many other places in our lives; embedded in everything we wear, everything we eat, everything we do. It takes about 2000 gallons a day to sustain the average American’s lifestyle. More than half is our diet. So helping people think about how their dietary choices increase or decrease their personal water footprint makes a difference. Also, it takes 700 gallons to make a cotton shirt. That awareness is really missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-54872 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-cotton-field-542x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cotton field\" width=\"542\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to the NRDC, it takes anywhere from 700 to 2,000 gallons of water to produce about a pound of conventional cotton; just enough to make a single t-shirt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What have been some success stories in water conservation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of urban conservation, I think Boston is one of the best, in part because it’s in a part of the country that you don’t think of as needing to conserve so much. In the late 1980s, Boston was looking at a potential diversion of the Connecticut River to add supply to their reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Connecticut-River-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The Connecticut River in western Massachussetts\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Connecticut River in western Massachussetts\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the citizens said they wanted to protect the river and its salmon populations, so they asked the water authority to take a serious look at conservation measures. They did, and what they put in place was one of the most progressive and comprehensive conservation programs that I’ve seen. It involved retrofitting homes, strategic pricing, education, audits of industries, fixing leaks. A lot of older cities have tremendous leakage in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston’s water use today is back to where it was fifty years ago. It’s gone down 43% from the peak. And this is greater Boston: two and a half, three million people. The conservation program cost half as much as the alternative would have cost, and it is better for the environment. The river wasn’t diverted, and now there’s actually extra water, in a sense, surplus water in the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you drink eight cups of water daily? What kind of water bottle do you use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54851\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Quest-Sandra-Postel-2-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo credit: Cheryl Zook/National Geographic\" width=\"241\" height=\"162\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo credit: Cheryl Zook/National Geographic\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I drink tap water and I drink it out of a glass –or I have any number of stainless steel bottles that I put water in if I’m going to take a hike, or play tennis, or do something outdoors. I don’t drink bottled water unless I absolutely have to because I’m somewhere where there’s no other water available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You grew up on Long Island, but now live in New Mexico. Does living in an arid environment change your relationship with water\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. All I have to do is look out my window to see the importance of water in our lives. Understanding the impacts of climate change, particularly on the southwestern U.S., and what it’s going to take to sustain agriculture and populations in the West – it’s all right here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you want to get an idea of your own water use, try out the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/change-the-course/water-footprint-calculator/\">\u003cem>Water Footprint Calculator\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> Sandra Postel helped develop with the National Geographic Society. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/51851/the-future-of-water",
"authors": [
"10275"
],
"categories": [
"quest_6",
"quest_9",
"quest_11766"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11995",
"quest_11997",
"quest_684",
"quest_886",
"quest_11996",
"quest_1923",
"quest_12355",
"quest_11994",
"quest_3108",
"quest_11998"
],
"featImg": "quest_54853",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_54809": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_54809",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54809",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1369064595000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1369064595,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Saved From Living Death: How Genetically Modifying Chestnuts Could Bring Them Back",
"title": "Saved From Living Death: How Genetically Modifying Chestnuts Could Bring Them Back",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnut1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54812\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54812\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1.jpg\" alt=\"We are getting very close to being able to bring back these gorgeous trees that used to dominate forests in the Eastern U.S. Now the big question is whether we should. Image courtesy of Wikipedia commons. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We are getting very close to being able to bring back these gorgeous trees that used to dominate forests in the Eastern U.S. Now the big question is whether we should. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castanea_dentata_large.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the turn of the 20th century, the forests in the eastern U.S. were dominated by the American chestnut. These “sequoia of the east” ruled the roost back then and were the cornerstone tree species. By midcentury, though, almost all of these majestic trees had been turned into shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, this wasn’t magic. Instead, a fungus arrived from Asia that prevented the trees from growing bigger than this. Nowadays the only tall chestnuts are a few that happened to be planted outside of the tree’s old range. And even some of these are starting to be done in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since the blight started stunting the chestnut, scientists have been looking for ways to help these trees fight back. And now they may finally be getting close to a solution. Well, actually, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23038446\">multiple solutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one I want to focus on here is a very clever genetic modification that involves moving a wheat gene into the American chestnut. Early studies look to be very promising and these trees have even been shown to be resistant in the field. The researchers are hoping to get approval soon from the U.S. government for widespread planting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54816\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnutblight/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54816\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnutblight.jpg\" alt=\"These orange spots will eventually do this tree in. Just like it has with most every other American chestnut. Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"265\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These orange spots will eventually do this tree in just like it has with most every other American chestnut. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chestnut_blight_on_tree_in_Adams_County_Ohio.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea behind this method rests on the knowledge that the chestnut blight needs an acidic environment to do its dirty work. The way this little monster accomplishes this is by making and then pumping oxalic acid into the tree. This is incredibly damaging to the chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious solution is to find a way to neutralize this oxalic acid. We are looking for a solution as simple as those old chemistry experiments where we neutralized hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. This is where wheat can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat makes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase (OxO) that breaks down oxalic acid. The researchers took the gene that has the instructions for this enzyme, the \u003cem>oxo \u003c/em>gene, and put it into the chestnut tree. The tree now makes the enzyme so that it can neutralize the blight’s oxalic acid. This approach appears to be working in making the trees more blight-resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543108\">looked at different trees\u003c/a> that made different amounts of the enzyme, they found that only those that made a lot were resistant to the blight. In other words, there was a correlation between the amount of enzyme and resistance. When the gene was in the right place in the tree’s DNA, it could make a lot of enzyme so the tree could fight off the blight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54819\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnut2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54819\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut2.jpg\" alt=\"Just because we might be able to turn back time to when these trees rules, should we? Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"250\" height=\"431\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Just because we might be able to turn back time to when these trees ruled, should we? Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V84_D565_American_chestnut_mitchel_county.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now we have a GM tree that might restore these forests back to what they were a century or so ago. Now we have to decide whether to plant them or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not really an issue of the tree having been created through genetic engineering. It is very hard to come up with plausible ways that a tree with this gene could have a significant effect on the environment. The trees aren’t modified so they make their own pesticides, survive spraying by herbicides or anything like that. They simply make an enzyme from wheat that successfully battles a killer fungus by neutralizing an acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it has more to do with upsetting the new balance that has arisen over the last few decades in the forests back east. The forests have adjusted to the loss of the American chestnut and reintroducing the tree will only plunge the forests back into a period of readjustment. This temporary state of flux will be disruptive and so should be done for more than nostalgic reasons. There should be some environmental or economic benefit in bringing the American chestnut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this discussion is not dependent on the fact that the tree is GM. The same arguments can be made for the American/Japanese/Chinese hybrids that look to be resistant too. In fact, this discussion isn’t really that different from those brought up with regards to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/\">bringing back extinct species\u003c/a>. Like those folks in Monty Python’s \u003cem>The Holy Grail\u003c/em>, the American chestnut isn’t quite dead yet, but it is close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we finally have ways to bring back the American chestnut. But it may be that it took us so long to find them that we don’t need them anymore. The forests have moved on, maybe we should too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 663px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnutrange/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54832\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange.jpg\" alt=\"Natural range of the American chestnut as reported in 1914. The cross hatching shows the extent of the blight back then. Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"663\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange.jpg 663w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange-400x362.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural range of the American chestnut as reported in 1914. The cross hatching shows the extent of the blight back then. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V84_D557_Natural_range_of_the_american_chestnut.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "54809 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=54809",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 842,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1369082247,
"excerpt": "The American chestnut was the king of the trees in forests in the eastern U.S. until a fungus from Asia brought them down. We are getting very close to making a resistant American chestnut. Now the question is whether or not we should plant it out in the wild. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The American chestnut was the king of the trees in forests in the eastern U.S. until a fungus from Asia brought them down. We are getting very close to making a resistant American chestnut. Now the question is whether or not we should plant it out in the wild. ",
"title": "Saved From Living Death: How Genetically Modifying Chestnuts Could Bring Them Back | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Saved From Living Death: How Genetically Modifying Chestnuts Could Bring Them Back",
"datePublished": "2013-05-20T08:43:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-05-20T13:37:27-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/54809/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnut1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54812\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54812\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1.jpg\" alt=\"We are getting very close to being able to bring back these gorgeous trees that used to dominate forests in the Eastern U.S. Now the big question is whether we should. Image courtesy of Wikipedia commons. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We are getting very close to being able to bring back these gorgeous trees that used to dominate forests in the Eastern U.S. Now the big question is whether we should. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castanea_dentata_large.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the turn of the 20th century, the forests in the eastern U.S. were dominated by the American chestnut. These “sequoia of the east” ruled the roost back then and were the cornerstone tree species. By midcentury, though, almost all of these majestic trees had been turned into shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, this wasn’t magic. Instead, a fungus arrived from Asia that prevented the trees from growing bigger than this. Nowadays the only tall chestnuts are a few that happened to be planted outside of the tree’s old range. And even some of these are starting to be done in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since the blight started stunting the chestnut, scientists have been looking for ways to help these trees fight back. And now they may finally be getting close to a solution. Well, actually, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23038446\">multiple solutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one I want to focus on here is a very clever genetic modification that involves moving a wheat gene into the American chestnut. Early studies look to be very promising and these trees have even been shown to be resistant in the field. The researchers are hoping to get approval soon from the U.S. government for widespread planting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54816\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnutblight/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54816\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnutblight.jpg\" alt=\"These orange spots will eventually do this tree in. Just like it has with most every other American chestnut. Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"265\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These orange spots will eventually do this tree in just like it has with most every other American chestnut. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chestnut_blight_on_tree_in_Adams_County_Ohio.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea behind this method rests on the knowledge that the chestnut blight needs an acidic environment to do its dirty work. The way this little monster accomplishes this is by making and then pumping oxalic acid into the tree. This is incredibly damaging to the chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious solution is to find a way to neutralize this oxalic acid. We are looking for a solution as simple as those old chemistry experiments where we neutralized hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. This is where wheat can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat makes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase (OxO) that breaks down oxalic acid. The researchers took the gene that has the instructions for this enzyme, the \u003cem>oxo \u003c/em>gene, and put it into the chestnut tree. The tree now makes the enzyme so that it can neutralize the blight’s oxalic acid. This approach appears to be working in making the trees more blight-resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543108\">looked at different trees\u003c/a> that made different amounts of the enzyme, they found that only those that made a lot were resistant to the blight. In other words, there was a correlation between the amount of enzyme and resistance. When the gene was in the right place in the tree’s DNA, it could make a lot of enzyme so the tree could fight off the blight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54819\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnut2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54819\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Chestnut2.jpg\" alt=\"Just because we might be able to turn back time to when these trees rules, should we? Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"250\" height=\"431\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Just because we might be able to turn back time to when these trees ruled, should we? Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V84_D565_American_chestnut_mitchel_county.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So now we have a GM tree that might restore these forests back to what they were a century or so ago. Now we have to decide whether to plant them or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not really an issue of the tree having been created through genetic engineering. It is very hard to come up with plausible ways that a tree with this gene could have a significant effect on the environment. The trees aren’t modified so they make their own pesticides, survive spraying by herbicides or anything like that. They simply make an enzyme from wheat that successfully battles a killer fungus by neutralizing an acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it has more to do with upsetting the new balance that has arisen over the last few decades in the forests back east. The forests have adjusted to the loss of the American chestnut and reintroducing the tree will only plunge the forests back into a period of readjustment. This temporary state of flux will be disruptive and so should be done for more than nostalgic reasons. There should be some environmental or economic benefit in bringing the American chestnut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this discussion is not dependent on the fact that the tree is GM. The same arguments can be made for the American/Japanese/Chinese hybrids that look to be resistant too. In fact, this discussion isn’t really that different from those brought up with regards to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/\">bringing back extinct species\u003c/a>. Like those folks in Monty Python’s \u003cem>The Holy Grail\u003c/em>, the American chestnut isn’t quite dead yet, but it is close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we finally have ways to bring back the American chestnut. But it may be that it took us so long to find them that we don’t need them anymore. The forests have moved on, maybe we should too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54832\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 663px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/20/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back/chestnutrange/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54832\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54832\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange.jpg\" alt=\"Natural range of the American chestnut as reported in 1914. The cross hatching shows the extent of the blight back then. Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons.\" width=\"663\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange.jpg 663w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/ChestnutRange-400x362.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural range of the American chestnut as reported in 1914. The cross hatching shows the extent of the blight back then. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V84_D557_Natural_range_of_the_american_chestnut.jpg\">Wikimedia commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/54809/saved-from-living-death-how-genetically-modifying-chestnuts-could-bring-them-back",
"authors": [
"6177"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11993",
"quest_1196",
"quest_1293",
"quest_11518",
"quest_3319"
],
"featImg": "quest_54812",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_50948": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_50948",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "50948",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1368543635000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1368543635,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?",
"title": "Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-54069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\" alt=\"RS_DSCN1134\" width=\"604\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">An Expert Opinion:\u003c/span> Frances Seymour\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>\u003cem>The former Director General at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cifor.org/\">Center for International Forestry Research\u003c/a>, Frances Seymour has been a world leader in the effort to understand and address the impacts of tropical deforestation for 20 years. Or as she puts it, since Ben and Jerry’s released their Rainforest Crunch ice cream.\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/young_frances-173x253.jpg\" alt=\"young_frances\" width=\"161\" height=\"234\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What got you interested in forests in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Chapel Hill, [North Carolina] I was always interested in nature and I tried to think of careers that could enable me to indulge that hobby. So when I was at UNC, I majored in zoology and thought about being a wildlife veterinarian as a way to be outside. I was in graduate school at the time when tropical forests were just exploding onto the international consciousness. This was back in the era of Rainforest Crunch and the lead-up to the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsummit2002.org/index.htm?http://www.worldsummit2002.org/guide/unced.htm\">Rio Earth Summit\u003c/a> in 1992, when everybody was concerned about tropical biodiversity and indigenous peoples. So I ended up being caught up in all that and making a career out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of the human and ecological costs of deforestation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests are lost, that means the loss of a lot of things that local communities depend on. At the local level this includes access to timber and non-timber forest products. At the landscape level forests provide various ecosystem services, like keeping clean waters in streams year-round and regulating rainfall patterns. Last but not least are the global-level human impacts. It’s estimated that greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation and other land-use changes are a \u003ca href=\"http://scitechdaily.com/deforestation-adds-more-atmospheric-co2-than-the-sum-total-of-cars-trucks-on-the-worlds-roads/\">greater source of [C02] release\u003c/a> than all of the planes, trains, automobiles emissions combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What poses the biggest risk to our forests: chopsticks, toothpicks, or toilet paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “none of the above,” because some of the fastest and most damaging deforestation taking place right now is caused by the palm oil industry. So maybe the answer would be “your doughnuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-54321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6852\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Palm oil is one of those commodities that is mostly used as an edible oil. In Asia, it’s the most commonly used oil for frying things. But in our supermarkets, it’s in, like, half the products, ranging from shampoo to peanut butter to doughnuts. And so that’s probably the greatest threat to tropical forests right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is palm oil a relatively new commodity, at least on this scale?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palm oil has been produced on an industrial scale in Indonesia and Malaysia for a long time, but the price of it has rapidly escalated. The prospect of new markets for palm oil-based biodiesel have also come on the horizon and so the incentives to invest in palm plantations have increased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5701875645_79296910b5_b-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54324\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5038663408_7f760da960_b-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palm oil production is responsible for significant deforestation in both of those places and, most recently, it’s begun to expand to other regions. It feels like almost every day I read a news release about another deal being done for tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares in Central Africa to be converted to an oil palm plantation. And the particular concern in a place like Indonesia is that a lot of this palm oil is being planted on peatland swamp forests. These peat swamps can be standing on layers of organic matter that has accumulated over thousands of years. They can be more than 30 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirty feet deep. That’s incredible.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that for a minute. When you drain and burn a peatland forest in order to plant palm oil or pulp and paper—not only do you have the pulse of emissions from the initial burning of the surface vegetation going into the atmosphere, but that organic matter that was locked up underground is suddenly liberated, releasing greenhouse gases into the air as it oxidizes and decomposes. And so the amount of carbon per hectare released into the atmosphere is many, many, many times greater than an equivalent hectare of forest not on peat swamp soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to balance sustaining the health of a forest and giving forest-dependent communities control of their resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-53769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/DSCN0831-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSCN0831\" width=\"153\" height=\"197\">I guess I would challenge the premise of the question in the following way: one of the great misconceptions about tropical deforestation is that it’s the local people who are responsible for deforestation. Communities don’t need to be convinced of the value of forest because they’re the ones who hunt in the forest and fish in the forest and gather rattan from the forest. They’re the ones who suffer when the logging trucks come in. So it’s kind of galling to blame deforestation on local communities when, in fact, the people who are profiting from deforestation tend to be elites from capital cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love that you challenged me on that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell I’m not shy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture, specifically livestock grazing, contributes to deforestation. Are you a vegetarian?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LAUGHS] No, I’m not. Yes, it is true overall that agricultural expansion is one of the key drivers of deforestation around the world. In terms of the cattle production in the Amazon, there’s been a big effort recently to try to \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">shift beef production to deforestation-free methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People that are reading this might want to know what they can do to prevent deforestation. Should they buy forest-certified lumber? Eat local meat? Eat fewer doughnuts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With specific reference to tropical deforestation, I think there are two things: One is to be a constituency for active U.S. engagement. And then, as individual consumers, yes, it does make a difference. Buy sustainably produced \u003ca href=\"https://us.fsc.org/\">FSC-certified\u003c/a> wood products. And hopefully, over time, we’ll have credible certification systems for some of these other commodities that can be certified deforestation-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you read The Giving Tree as a kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Malinau-DG-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Malinau-DG\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\">If trees could talk, what would they say to the humans right now on this planet?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTrees have a self-interest in controlling climate change. So in addition to, “Don’t cut me down,” trees would also say, “Please protect the climate,” because forests are also vulnerable to climate change. With a changing climate, forests are experiencing drought and new invasions of pests that we have haven’t seen before. And so they would be saying, “If you want to keep forests around, you need to protect the climate.” So it’s sort of the opposite of what we’ve been talking about, “If you want to protect the climate, protect forests,” but it works the other way too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "50948 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50948",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/14/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1157,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 27
},
"modified": 1443824195,
"excerpt": "A conversation with a forestry expert reveals doughnuts as unlikely contributors to global deforestation.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A conversation with a forestry expert reveals doughnuts as unlikely contributors to global deforestation.",
"title": "Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?",
"datePublished": "2013-05-14T08:00:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T15:16:35-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "are-doughnuts-destroying-forests",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/50948/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-54069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\" alt=\"RS_DSCN1134\" width=\"604\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">An Expert Opinion:\u003c/span> Frances Seymour\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>\u003cem>The former Director General at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cifor.org/\">Center for International Forestry Research\u003c/a>, Frances Seymour has been a world leader in the effort to understand and address the impacts of tropical deforestation for 20 years. Or as she puts it, since Ben and Jerry’s released their Rainforest Crunch ice cream.\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/young_frances-173x253.jpg\" alt=\"young_frances\" width=\"161\" height=\"234\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What got you interested in forests in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Chapel Hill, [North Carolina] I was always interested in nature and I tried to think of careers that could enable me to indulge that hobby. So when I was at UNC, I majored in zoology and thought about being a wildlife veterinarian as a way to be outside. I was in graduate school at the time when tropical forests were just exploding onto the international consciousness. This was back in the era of Rainforest Crunch and the lead-up to the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsummit2002.org/index.htm?http://www.worldsummit2002.org/guide/unced.htm\">Rio Earth Summit\u003c/a> in 1992, when everybody was concerned about tropical biodiversity and indigenous peoples. So I ended up being caught up in all that and making a career out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of the human and ecological costs of deforestation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests are lost, that means the loss of a lot of things that local communities depend on. At the local level this includes access to timber and non-timber forest products. At the landscape level forests provide various ecosystem services, like keeping clean waters in streams year-round and regulating rainfall patterns. Last but not least are the global-level human impacts. It’s estimated that greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation and other land-use changes are a \u003ca href=\"http://scitechdaily.com/deforestation-adds-more-atmospheric-co2-than-the-sum-total-of-cars-trucks-on-the-worlds-roads/\">greater source of [C02] release\u003c/a> than all of the planes, trains, automobiles emissions combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What poses the biggest risk to our forests: chopsticks, toothpicks, or toilet paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “none of the above,” because some of the fastest and most damaging deforestation taking place right now is caused by the palm oil industry. So maybe the answer would be “your doughnuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-54321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6852\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Palm oil is one of those commodities that is mostly used as an edible oil. In Asia, it’s the most commonly used oil for frying things. But in our supermarkets, it’s in, like, half the products, ranging from shampoo to peanut butter to doughnuts. And so that’s probably the greatest threat to tropical forests right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is palm oil a relatively new commodity, at least on this scale?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palm oil has been produced on an industrial scale in Indonesia and Malaysia for a long time, but the price of it has rapidly escalated. The prospect of new markets for palm oil-based biodiesel have also come on the horizon and so the incentives to invest in palm plantations have increased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5701875645_79296910b5_b-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54324\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5038663408_7f760da960_b-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palm oil production is responsible for significant deforestation in both of those places and, most recently, it’s begun to expand to other regions. It feels like almost every day I read a news release about another deal being done for tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares in Central Africa to be converted to an oil palm plantation. And the particular concern in a place like Indonesia is that a lot of this palm oil is being planted on peatland swamp forests. These peat swamps can be standing on layers of organic matter that has accumulated over thousands of years. They can be more than 30 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirty feet deep. That’s incredible.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that for a minute. When you drain and burn a peatland forest in order to plant palm oil or pulp and paper—not only do you have the pulse of emissions from the initial burning of the surface vegetation going into the atmosphere, but that organic matter that was locked up underground is suddenly liberated, releasing greenhouse gases into the air as it oxidizes and decomposes. And so the amount of carbon per hectare released into the atmosphere is many, many, many times greater than an equivalent hectare of forest not on peat swamp soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to balance sustaining the health of a forest and giving forest-dependent communities control of their resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-53769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/DSCN0831-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSCN0831\" width=\"153\" height=\"197\">I guess I would challenge the premise of the question in the following way: one of the great misconceptions about tropical deforestation is that it’s the local people who are responsible for deforestation. Communities don’t need to be convinced of the value of forest because they’re the ones who hunt in the forest and fish in the forest and gather rattan from the forest. They’re the ones who suffer when the logging trucks come in. So it’s kind of galling to blame deforestation on local communities when, in fact, the people who are profiting from deforestation tend to be elites from capital cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love that you challenged me on that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell I’m not shy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture, specifically livestock grazing, contributes to deforestation. Are you a vegetarian?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LAUGHS] No, I’m not. Yes, it is true overall that agricultural expansion is one of the key drivers of deforestation around the world. In terms of the cattle production in the Amazon, there’s been a big effort recently to try to \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">shift beef production to deforestation-free methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People that are reading this might want to know what they can do to prevent deforestation. Should they buy forest-certified lumber? Eat local meat? Eat fewer doughnuts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With specific reference to tropical deforestation, I think there are two things: One is to be a constituency for active U.S. engagement. And then, as individual consumers, yes, it does make a difference. Buy sustainably produced \u003ca href=\"https://us.fsc.org/\">FSC-certified\u003c/a> wood products. And hopefully, over time, we’ll have credible certification systems for some of these other commodities that can be certified deforestation-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you read The Giving Tree as a kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Malinau-DG-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Malinau-DG\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\">If trees could talk, what would they say to the humans right now on this planet?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTrees have a self-interest in controlling climate change. So in addition to, “Don’t cut me down,” trees would also say, “Please protect the climate,” because forests are also vulnerable to climate change. With a changing climate, forests are experiencing drought and new invasions of pests that we have haven’t seen before. And so they would be saying, “If you want to keep forests around, you need to protect the climate.” So it’s sort of the opposite of what we’ve been talking about, “If you want to protect the climate, protect forests,” but it works the other way too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/50948/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests",
"authors": [
"10296"
],
"categories": [
"quest_6",
"quest_9",
"quest_3229"
],
"tags": [
"quest_637",
"quest_684",
"quest_794",
"quest_1130",
"quest_11964",
"quest_1724",
"quest_11963",
"quest_2141",
"quest_11962",
"quest_2349",
"quest_10427",
"quest_11961",
"quest_13364",
"quest_10363",
"quest_10303"
],
"featImg": "quest_54069",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_54579": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_54579",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "54579",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1368474553000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1368474553,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Scientist Superheroes: The US Government's Crisis Science Team",
"title": "Scientist Superheroes: The US Government's Crisis Science Team",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/13/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team/science-during-crisis-640-360/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54580\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360.jpg\" alt=\"Science During Crisis 640 360\" width=\"542\" height=\"420\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-54580\">\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your town were suddenly struck by an earthquake or hurricane, you could count on the arrival of police, firefighters, and medical technicians to aid in the emergency response. As of this past January, the US government has added a new team of responders to this list—scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Strategic Sciences Group was formed under Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar in order to help the department “act quickly, decisively and effectively when hurricanes, droughts, oil spills, wildfires or other crises strike.” The group was initially tested as a pilot program during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and is now a permanent part of the Department of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect to see people in lab coats rushing into burning buildings or diving into flooding rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Strategic Sciences Group’s mission,” says group co-leader Gary Machlis, “is to very quickly assemble a team of scientists to develop scenarios of what the cascading consequences of a crisis might be.” These scenarios are projections of all the different ways in which the disaster might play out. The projections are then delivered to the President and other national leaders to help inform real-time, emergency-response decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Deepwater Horizon, for example, calculations regarding oil flow rates helped decision-makers respond to obvious problems such as ecosystem contamination, as well as some subtler consequences: long-term displacement of oyster harvesters, disproportionate economic impacts upon cultural communities, and diminished hurricane resilience due to wetland stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/alg_oil_rig_explosion.jpeg\" alt=\"Deepwater Horizon in flames, April 21, 2010.\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deepwater Horizon in flames, April 21, 2010.\u003cbr>(AP Photo/U.S. Coast Guard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With such a breadth of potential consequences to examine, its clear that the Strategic Sciences Group’s task is not simple. What is surprising however, is that many of the group’s difficulties stem from the nature of the scientific process itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are very accustomed to being deliberate in their work,” says Marcia Mcnutt, who worked with the Strategic Sciences Group during her tenure as director of the United States Geological Survey. “The idea that they might get critical info on a Monday night and need to have their best guess of what that info means by six am Tuesday morning is just not the normal way science operates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Machlis adds, the rapidly determined results must also be communicated persuasively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t enough to do good science. You might have an extraordinary, complex scenario figured out that’s important for leaders to know, but if you can’t tell that story clearly and effectively, it’s of less value.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements—the ability to work with urgency, cope with uncertainty, and communicate well with non-scientists—separate crisis science from traditional scientific research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When creating the Strategic Sciences Group, Machlis responded to these unique demands by borrowing ideas from an unusual agency: The Office of Strategic Services, or OSS, which was established during World War II to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Machlis says he has learned four important lessons from the historic military-intelligence organization:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>1. Who You Hire Matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Donovan-Officers-Resize.jpg\" alt=\"OSS founder Maj. Gen. William J. Donovan with members of the OSS Operational Groups\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OSS founder Maj. Gen. William J. Donovan with members of the OSS\u003cbr>Photo Courtesy of the OSS Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The ideal candidate for the OSS were PhD’s that could win a bar fight,” says Machlis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While martial arts training is not an actual requirement, the Strategic Sciences Group does seek scientists with a certain mental and physical tenacity. “They‘ve got to be expert in their own discipline, able to transcend their own discipline and work well with other scientists, and they have to be able to work extremely hard under very intense conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>2. Expertise Not Representation\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n“Our goal is to get the very best people in the field working on these science teams. It is less about do we need one person from this agency and one person from this agency to make sure it’s representative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From government scientists to graduate students, anyone with the necessary skills can be recruited and put onto Machlis’ lists, or “rosters”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>3. Be Flexible\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54584\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/13/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team/strategic-sciences-working-group/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54584\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Strategic-Sciences-Working-Group.jpg\" alt=\"US Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Working Group, New Orleans, LA, July 2010.\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Working Group, New Orleans, LA, July 2010. Photo Credit: Jason Newman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Machlis ensures that the rosters are highly interdisciplinary. The 30 scientists who have already been called to action include “an anthropologist with expertise in disaster response from Louisiana, a public health medical officer from Washington, DC, a coastal geomorphologist from California, an ecologist working with a major natural history museum, and a Forest Service social scientist with expertise in urban ecology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such diversity allows the Strategic Sciences Group to be highly adaptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each crisis that might happen, whether it’s an oil spill, whether it’s an earth quake, whether it’s a dam failure, there’s always going to be many elements of it that are unique. We need to be flexible enough to choose a team that has reliable expert scientists appropriate to that crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>4. Avoid Bureaucracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n“We stay focused on the mission rather than developing a lot of complicated, time-consuming bureaucratic processes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to avoid creating a large government agency, Machlis only activates the rostered scientists when a disaster occurs. At all other times, the Strategic Sciences Group is made up of only three people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This three person team, when there are no current crises, spends its time evaluating the consequences of potential crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By considering situations such as “a forest fire in the sierras during Yosemite’s tourist season, or a pandemic, or an arctic oil spill,” the group hopes to pre-emptively increase response preparedness. Ultimately, Machlis aims to have the capacity to address simultaneous, bi-coastal disasters. For example: an earthquake in California and a hurricane in New York on the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the group be ready for such a situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would hope that we’re prepared for that within the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark that down as December 31st, 2013--the date when you can expect not only police and firefighters, but also scientists, to play a role in addressing the next major natural or man-made disaster.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "54579 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=54579",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/13/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1055,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1368638741,
"excerpt": "If your town were suddenly struck by an earthquake or hurricane, you could count on the arrival of police, firefighters, and medical technicians to aid in the emergency response. As of this past January, the US government has added a new team of responders to this list—scientists.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "If your town were suddenly struck by an earthquake or hurricane, you could count on the arrival of police, firefighters, and medical technicians to aid in the emergency response. As of this past January, the US government has added a new team of responders to this list—scientists.",
"title": "Scientist Superheroes: The US Government's Crisis Science Team | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientist Superheroes: The US Government's Crisis Science Team",
"datePublished": "2013-05-13T12:49:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-05-15T10:25:41-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/54579/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/13/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team/science-during-crisis-640-360/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54580\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Science-During-Crisis-640-360.jpg\" alt=\"Science During Crisis 640 360\" width=\"542\" height=\"420\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-54580\">\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your town were suddenly struck by an earthquake or hurricane, you could count on the arrival of police, firefighters, and medical technicians to aid in the emergency response. As of this past January, the US government has added a new team of responders to this list—scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Strategic Sciences Group was formed under Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar in order to help the department “act quickly, decisively and effectively when hurricanes, droughts, oil spills, wildfires or other crises strike.” The group was initially tested as a pilot program during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and is now a permanent part of the Department of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect to see people in lab coats rushing into burning buildings or diving into flooding rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Strategic Sciences Group’s mission,” says group co-leader Gary Machlis, “is to very quickly assemble a team of scientists to develop scenarios of what the cascading consequences of a crisis might be.” These scenarios are projections of all the different ways in which the disaster might play out. The projections are then delivered to the President and other national leaders to help inform real-time, emergency-response decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Deepwater Horizon, for example, calculations regarding oil flow rates helped decision-makers respond to obvious problems such as ecosystem contamination, as well as some subtler consequences: long-term displacement of oyster harvesters, disproportionate economic impacts upon cultural communities, and diminished hurricane resilience due to wetland stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/alg_oil_rig_explosion.jpeg\" alt=\"Deepwater Horizon in flames, April 21, 2010.\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deepwater Horizon in flames, April 21, 2010.\u003cbr>(AP Photo/U.S. Coast Guard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With such a breadth of potential consequences to examine, its clear that the Strategic Sciences Group’s task is not simple. What is surprising however, is that many of the group’s difficulties stem from the nature of the scientific process itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are very accustomed to being deliberate in their work,” says Marcia Mcnutt, who worked with the Strategic Sciences Group during her tenure as director of the United States Geological Survey. “The idea that they might get critical info on a Monday night and need to have their best guess of what that info means by six am Tuesday morning is just not the normal way science operates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Machlis adds, the rapidly determined results must also be communicated persuasively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t enough to do good science. You might have an extraordinary, complex scenario figured out that’s important for leaders to know, but if you can’t tell that story clearly and effectively, it’s of less value.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements—the ability to work with urgency, cope with uncertainty, and communicate well with non-scientists—separate crisis science from traditional scientific research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When creating the Strategic Sciences Group, Machlis responded to these unique demands by borrowing ideas from an unusual agency: The Office of Strategic Services, or OSS, which was established during World War II to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Machlis says he has learned four important lessons from the historic military-intelligence organization:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>1. Who You Hire Matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Donovan-Officers-Resize.jpg\" alt=\"OSS founder Maj. Gen. William J. Donovan with members of the OSS Operational Groups\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OSS founder Maj. Gen. William J. Donovan with members of the OSS\u003cbr>Photo Courtesy of the OSS Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The ideal candidate for the OSS were PhD’s that could win a bar fight,” says Machlis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While martial arts training is not an actual requirement, the Strategic Sciences Group does seek scientists with a certain mental and physical tenacity. “They‘ve got to be expert in their own discipline, able to transcend their own discipline and work well with other scientists, and they have to be able to work extremely hard under very intense conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>2. Expertise Not Representation\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n“Our goal is to get the very best people in the field working on these science teams. It is less about do we need one person from this agency and one person from this agency to make sure it’s representative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From government scientists to graduate students, anyone with the necessary skills can be recruited and put onto Machlis’ lists, or “rosters”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>3. Be Flexible\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54584\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/13/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team/strategic-sciences-working-group/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-54584\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Strategic-Sciences-Working-Group.jpg\" alt=\"US Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Working Group, New Orleans, LA, July 2010.\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Working Group, New Orleans, LA, July 2010. Photo Credit: Jason Newman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Machlis ensures that the rosters are highly interdisciplinary. The 30 scientists who have already been called to action include “an anthropologist with expertise in disaster response from Louisiana, a public health medical officer from Washington, DC, a coastal geomorphologist from California, an ecologist working with a major natural history museum, and a Forest Service social scientist with expertise in urban ecology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such diversity allows the Strategic Sciences Group to be highly adaptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each crisis that might happen, whether it’s an oil spill, whether it’s an earth quake, whether it’s a dam failure, there’s always going to be many elements of it that are unique. We need to be flexible enough to choose a team that has reliable expert scientists appropriate to that crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003ch2>4. Avoid Bureaucracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n“We stay focused on the mission rather than developing a lot of complicated, time-consuming bureaucratic processes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to avoid creating a large government agency, Machlis only activates the rostered scientists when a disaster occurs. At all other times, the Strategic Sciences Group is made up of only three people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This three person team, when there are no current crises, spends its time evaluating the consequences of potential crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By considering situations such as “a forest fire in the sierras during Yosemite’s tourist season, or a pandemic, or an arctic oil spill,” the group hopes to pre-emptively increase response preparedness. Ultimately, Machlis aims to have the capacity to address simultaneous, bi-coastal disasters. For example: an earthquake in California and a hurricane in New York on the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the group be ready for such a situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would hope that we’re prepared for that within the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark that down as December 31st, 2013--the date when you can expect not only police and firefighters, but also scientists, to play a role in addressing the next major natural or man-made disaster.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/54579/scientist-superheroes-the-us-governments-crisis-science-team",
"authors": [
"1410"
],
"categories": [
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11988",
"quest_11987",
"quest_11518",
"quest_11984",
"quest_11985",
"quest_11990",
"quest_11986",
"quest_11989"
],
"featImg": "quest_54580",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_53198": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_53198",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53198",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1367963301000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 11767
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1367963301,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Next Meal: Engineering Food",
"title": "Next Meal: Engineering Food",
"headTitle": "QUEST Sustainability Science – TV series | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this half-hour special, QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Meal: Engineering Food\u003c/strong> explores how genetically engineered crops are made, their pros and cons, and what the future holds for research and regulations such as labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ever wondered what genetically engineered crops and other foods are in the pipeline?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Click through the map below and find out what's in your next meal... or in the forest on your next camping trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bigger version of this map, click on the link below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360]\u003cbr>\nView \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&source=embed\">Genetically Engineered Foods in the Pipeline\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conventional plant breeding vs. genetic engineering – 5 differences:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. When did we start using each technique?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plant breeding is some 10,000 years old – as old as agriculture itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ancestors of tomatoes were the size of my thumb and they tasted very bad,” said \u003ca title=\"Eduardo Blumwald's lab at UC Davis\" href=\"http://blumwald.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Eduardo Blumwald\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Davis. “And breeding gave us what we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54133\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tomato paste made from genetically engineered tomatoes in the mid-1990s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the mid-1990s, tomatoes genetically engineered in California were made into a tomato paste that sold well in England. But the tomatoes were short-lived. Photo: Alan McHughen.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first genetically engineered food to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, was sold by Calgene, a Davis company, starting in 1994. The tomato was engineered to stay firm on the vine for longer, but it was short-lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, the Missouri-based seed company, started selling genetically engineered soybeans and cotton in 1996. The soybeans tolerate the herbicide Roundup, so that farmers can spray it on weeds without hurting their crop in the process. The cotton keeps away pests like the bollworm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. How do these two techniques work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical plant breeding involves taking the female eggs from one plant and bringing them together with the male parts of another plant,” said \u003ca title=\"Peggy Lemaux, UC Berkeley\" href=\"http://pmb.berkeley.edu/profile/plemaux\" target=\"_blank\">Peggy Lemaux\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Berkeley. “And then all that genetic information gets mixed up. Half of the information in the progeny – or children – of that cross comes from the mother and half comes from the father. And it just all gets mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the plant, breeders use different strategies to cross them. Corn breeders, for example, gather pollen from female plants and shake it onto male plants. \u003ca title=\"Cucumber breeding\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5a-coN2Xgg&list=UUqyLv50NSDw9MHhtZ3OBrBw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Plants such as cucumbers\u003c/a> usually contain both female and male flowers on each plant. Breeders remove the male part from one flower and attach it to a female flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun-300x169.jpg\" alt='\"Gene gun\" at the University of California-Berkeley' width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant biologist Peggy Lemaux, at the University of California-Berkeley, uses a \"gene gun\" to genetically engineer crops like corn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast with breeding, genetic engineering involves only one or a few genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With genetic engineering, it’s just moving very small parts of the genetic information. You might take it out of one plant and move it into another plant,” said Lemaux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In genetic engineering, genes can be transported into a plant by a type of soil bacterium. Or they can be injected into a plant using a tool called a gene gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. What can you do with each one?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classical plant breeding allows scientists to do things like breed disease resistance or a higher-protein content into crops like wheat, said \u003ca title=\"UC Davis Wheat Breeding Program\" href=\"http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/dubcovsky/Breeding/WheatBreedingUCD.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jorge Dubcovsky\u003c/a>, leader of the wheat breeding program at the University of California at Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they’re breeding, scientists have to cross plants that are closely related to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical breeding is done between closely related plants, so you might take a wild variety of rice, for example, and you could cross that with modern cultivated rice,” said Peggy Lemaux. “However, maybe there are traits that you want, that you can’t find in a wild variety of rice. Maybe you want to introduce some vitamin or mineral, and you can’t find a wild rice species that would give you that particular trait. So what you have to do is you have to go and find some other organism that does make, let’s say, vitamin A, and you can pull that information out from that plant and put it in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, genetic engineering would be required. Engineering would also be required to tweak a gene in such a way that it produces more or less of a desired trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Is conventional plant breeding low-tech, while genetic engineering is high-tech?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic engineering can be more expensive than conventional plant breeding, and is usually faster. But this doesn’t mean that breeding is as low-tech as you might think. In the past 15 years or so, plant breeders have been able to speed up the crossing process by using \u003ca title=\"Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat \" href=\"http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/Education/animations/anim_mas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">genetic markers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The markers allow me to see the genes that I have bred into a plant,” said Jorge Dubcovsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many genes that scientists set out to breed into plants are difficult to see and expensive to find within the plant. A genetic marker is a piece of DNA that is easy to see and inexpensive to find within a plant. So scientists identify the markers that are on either side of the gene they’re trying to breed into a plant. This way, when they have crossed their plants to contain that gene, they can easily and inexpensively find out which plants contain their gene of interest by looking for the markers, rather than for the gene. Markers are like tiny flags on either side of the gene that make it visible to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Do scientists do either one \u003cem>or \u003c/em>the other?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, some researchers specialize in plant breeding and others in genetic engineering. But both types of scientists work closely to improve crops, said Eduardo Blumwald, who is genetically engineering rice to be drought-tolerant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are placing new genes in those varieties which plant breeders have bred,” said Blumwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "53198 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=53198",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/next-meal-engineering-food/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1107,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms"
],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1450399515,
"excerpt": "Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks? This half-hour QUEST Northern California special explores the pros and cons of genetically engineered crops, and what the future holds for research and regulations. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks? This half-hour QUEST Northern California special explores the pros and cons of genetically engineered crops, and what the future holds for research and regulations. ",
"title": "Next Meal: Engineering Food | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Next Meal: Engineering Food",
"datePublished": "2013-05-07T14:48:21-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-12-17T16:45:15-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "next-meal-engineering-food",
"status": "publish",
"videoEmbed": "https://youtu.be/KMdj5YycqdU",
"path": "/quest/53198/next-meal-engineering-food",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this half-hour special, QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Meal: Engineering Food\u003c/strong> explores how genetically engineered crops are made, their pros and cons, and what the future holds for research and regulations such as labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ever wondered what genetically engineered crops and other foods are in the pipeline?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Click through the map below and find out what's in your next meal... or in the forest on your next camping trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bigger version of this map, click on the link below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360'\n title='https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360'\n width='640'\n height='360'\n scrolling='no'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nView \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&source=embed\">Genetically Engineered Foods in the Pipeline\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conventional plant breeding vs. genetic engineering – 5 differences:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. When did we start using each technique?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plant breeding is some 10,000 years old – as old as agriculture itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ancestors of tomatoes were the size of my thumb and they tasted very bad,” said \u003ca title=\"Eduardo Blumwald's lab at UC Davis\" href=\"http://blumwald.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Eduardo Blumwald\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Davis. “And breeding gave us what we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54133\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tomato paste made from genetically engineered tomatoes in the mid-1990s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the mid-1990s, tomatoes genetically engineered in California were made into a tomato paste that sold well in England. But the tomatoes were short-lived. Photo: Alan McHughen.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first genetically engineered food to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, was sold by Calgene, a Davis company, starting in 1994. The tomato was engineered to stay firm on the vine for longer, but it was short-lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, the Missouri-based seed company, started selling genetically engineered soybeans and cotton in 1996. The soybeans tolerate the herbicide Roundup, so that farmers can spray it on weeds without hurting their crop in the process. The cotton keeps away pests like the bollworm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. How do these two techniques work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical plant breeding involves taking the female eggs from one plant and bringing them together with the male parts of another plant,” said \u003ca title=\"Peggy Lemaux, UC Berkeley\" href=\"http://pmb.berkeley.edu/profile/plemaux\" target=\"_blank\">Peggy Lemaux\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Berkeley. “And then all that genetic information gets mixed up. Half of the information in the progeny – or children – of that cross comes from the mother and half comes from the father. And it just all gets mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the plant, breeders use different strategies to cross them. Corn breeders, for example, gather pollen from female plants and shake it onto male plants. \u003ca title=\"Cucumber breeding\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5a-coN2Xgg&list=UUqyLv50NSDw9MHhtZ3OBrBw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Plants such as cucumbers\u003c/a> usually contain both female and male flowers on each plant. Breeders remove the male part from one flower and attach it to a female flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun-300x169.jpg\" alt='\"Gene gun\" at the University of California-Berkeley' width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant biologist Peggy Lemaux, at the University of California-Berkeley, uses a \"gene gun\" to genetically engineer crops like corn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast with breeding, genetic engineering involves only one or a few genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With genetic engineering, it’s just moving very small parts of the genetic information. You might take it out of one plant and move it into another plant,” said Lemaux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In genetic engineering, genes can be transported into a plant by a type of soil bacterium. Or they can be injected into a plant using a tool called a gene gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. What can you do with each one?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classical plant breeding allows scientists to do things like breed disease resistance or a higher-protein content into crops like wheat, said \u003ca title=\"UC Davis Wheat Breeding Program\" href=\"http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/dubcovsky/Breeding/WheatBreedingUCD.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jorge Dubcovsky\u003c/a>, leader of the wheat breeding program at the University of California at Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they’re breeding, scientists have to cross plants that are closely related to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical breeding is done between closely related plants, so you might take a wild variety of rice, for example, and you could cross that with modern cultivated rice,” said Peggy Lemaux. “However, maybe there are traits that you want, that you can’t find in a wild variety of rice. Maybe you want to introduce some vitamin or mineral, and you can’t find a wild rice species that would give you that particular trait. So what you have to do is you have to go and find some other organism that does make, let’s say, vitamin A, and you can pull that information out from that plant and put it in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, genetic engineering would be required. Engineering would also be required to tweak a gene in such a way that it produces more or less of a desired trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Is conventional plant breeding low-tech, while genetic engineering is high-tech?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic engineering can be more expensive than conventional plant breeding, and is usually faster. But this doesn’t mean that breeding is as low-tech as you might think. In the past 15 years or so, plant breeders have been able to speed up the crossing process by using \u003ca title=\"Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat \" href=\"http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/Education/animations/anim_mas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">genetic markers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The markers allow me to see the genes that I have bred into a plant,” said Jorge Dubcovsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many genes that scientists set out to breed into plants are difficult to see and expensive to find within the plant. A genetic marker is a piece of DNA that is easy to see and inexpensive to find within a plant. So scientists identify the markers that are on either side of the gene they’re trying to breed into a plant. This way, when they have crossed their plants to contain that gene, they can easily and inexpensively find out which plants contain their gene of interest by looking for the markers, rather than for the gene. Markers are like tiny flags on either side of the gene that make it visible to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Do scientists do either one \u003cem>or \u003c/em>the other?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, some researchers specialize in plant breeding and others in genetic engineering. But both types of scientists work closely to improve crops, said Eduardo Blumwald, who is genetically engineering rice to be drought-tolerant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are placing new genes in those varieties which plant breeders have bred,” said Blumwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/53198/next-meal-engineering-food",
"authors": [
"6186"
],
"series": [
"quest_11767"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9",
"quest_3229",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11968",
"quest_1081",
"quest_11426",
"quest_11965",
"quest_1238",
"quest_11520",
"quest_13",
"quest_11967",
"quest_11966",
"quest_13364",
"quest_2893",
"quest_11374",
"quest_3071"
],
"collections": [
"quest_3354"
],
"featImg": "quest_54118",
"label": "quest_11767"
},
"quest_53462": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_53462",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53462",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1367938834000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1367938834,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Exploring Caves in California: An Otherworldly Experience",
"title": "Exploring Caves in California: An Otherworldly Experience",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53477\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53477\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg\" alt=\"A tour group explores California Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Caverns\" target=\"_blank\">California Caverns\u003c/a> are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tour guides interpret the eerie speleothems (cave formations), created by water droplets and mineral deposits. Most of the formations follow the laws of gravity. Stalactites appear to grow downward as water droplets following down the same path leave minerals behind. Stalagmites on the other hand, appear to grow upward, as water droplets fall and land in the same place depositing minerals over time. Helictite crystals, however, actually defy gravity. Although their formation is not fully understood, water pressure and capillary forces are said to play a key role. This results in one of the most delicate, extraterrestrial-looking speleothems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53476\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg\" alt=\"Helictite formations at Black Chasm Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simpler formation names inspired by more familiar objects include \"soda straws,\" \"angel wings,\" and \"bacon.\" Their formation is so slow, a speleothem that is a couple inches long can be several hundred years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53475\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg\" alt='\"Angel Wing\" formations are created by mineral deposits as water droplets flow down cave walls.' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although bats are an iconic cave inhabitant, you won't find them here. Small crustaceans are one of the few residents confirmed living in this isolated environment. One species is endemic to Black Chasm Cavern, meaning, the entire population exists only in that cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environment that is so secluded means that the slightest disturbance can throw its ecosystem off balance. Algae has unnaturally began to grow in the caves because of the heat given off by light bulbs. When touring, it is important to observe the formations without touching them, as the oils from our skin can degrade the fragile speleothems. To help preserve these chambers, tour guides will immediately turn lights off when leaving, and in California Cavern, a pristine chamber called the \"Jungle Room\" is only shown to visitors who have demonstrated respect for the cave and its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave2-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53478\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A flood in California Cavern makes a wonderful habitat for small invertebrates.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Located just 3 hours from San Francisco, exploring \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/BlackRt.htm\">Black Chasm Cavern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/CalifRt.htm\">California Cavern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/MoCavRt.htm\">Moaning Cavern\u003c/a> is a fascinating way to spend the weekend for all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "53462 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53462",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 362,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1368565477,
"excerpt": "While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, California Caverns are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, California Caverns are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.",
"title": "Exploring Caves in California: An Otherworldly Experience | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Exploring Caves in California: An Otherworldly Experience",
"datePublished": "2013-05-07T08:00:34-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-05-14T14:04:37-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/53462/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53477\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53477\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg\" alt=\"A tour group explores California Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Caverns\" target=\"_blank\">California Caverns\u003c/a> are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tour guides interpret the eerie speleothems (cave formations), created by water droplets and mineral deposits. Most of the formations follow the laws of gravity. Stalactites appear to grow downward as water droplets following down the same path leave minerals behind. Stalagmites on the other hand, appear to grow upward, as water droplets fall and land in the same place depositing minerals over time. Helictite crystals, however, actually defy gravity. Although their formation is not fully understood, water pressure and capillary forces are said to play a key role. This results in one of the most delicate, extraterrestrial-looking speleothems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53476\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg\" alt=\"Helictite formations at Black Chasm Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simpler formation names inspired by more familiar objects include \"soda straws,\" \"angel wings,\" and \"bacon.\" Their formation is so slow, a speleothem that is a couple inches long can be several hundred years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53475\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg\" alt='\"Angel Wing\" formations are created by mineral deposits as water droplets flow down cave walls.' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although bats are an iconic cave inhabitant, you won't find them here. Small crustaceans are one of the few residents confirmed living in this isolated environment. One species is endemic to Black Chasm Cavern, meaning, the entire population exists only in that cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environment that is so secluded means that the slightest disturbance can throw its ecosystem off balance. Algae has unnaturally began to grow in the caves because of the heat given off by light bulbs. When touring, it is important to observe the formations without touching them, as the oils from our skin can degrade the fragile speleothems. To help preserve these chambers, tour guides will immediately turn lights off when leaving, and in California Cavern, a pristine chamber called the \"Jungle Room\" is only shown to visitors who have demonstrated respect for the cave and its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave2-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53478\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A flood in California Cavern makes a wonderful habitat for small invertebrates.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Located just 3 hours from San Francisco, exploring \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/BlackRt.htm\">Black Chasm Cavern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/CalifRt.htm\">California Cavern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/MoCavRt.htm\">Moaning Cavern\u003c/a> is a fascinating way to spend the weekend for all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/53462/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience",
"authors": [
"6409"
],
"categories": [
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_438",
"quest_11611",
"quest_11937",
"quest_11960",
"quest_1370",
"quest_11518",
"quest_3307",
"quest_11958",
"quest_11959"
],
"featImg": "quest_53476",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_53672": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_53672",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53672",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1367423639000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1367423639,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Top Cats: How Pumas and Other Apex Predators' Populations Affect The Big Biodiversity Picture",
"title": "Top Cats: How Pumas and Other Apex Predators' Populations Affect The Big Biodiversity Picture",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/01/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture/kumalion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-53676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being. Photo: Liza Gross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a stellar cast of ecologists changed the way conservation scientists think about biodiversity. As we tumble headlong into the sixth great extinction, biologists have focused largely on protecting regions with the highest number of species. By saving the most species, the thinking goes, you’ll conserve the greatest number of ecological interactions and so the greatest biodiversity. But in \u003ca href=\"http://media.longnow.org/files/2/REVIVE/Estes%20et%20al%20(w%20Berger)%20Trophic%20Downgrading%20%20-%20Science%202011.pdf\">a study that drew on ecological theory\u003c/a> and contemporary studies of apex predators like wolves and pumas, the all-star team of ecologists found that some species matter more than others. Losing top predators, they argued, can have far-reaching, irreversible effects on the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecological theory predicts that changes in the abundance and distribution of top predators can cause substantial shifts in ecosystems. And recent studies—many published in the new millennium—have shown how theoretical predictions play out on the landscape. The collapse of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sefs.washington.edu/classes.esrm.450/Anthony.pdf\">sea otter populations\u003c/a> on Amchitka Island in the Aleutian Islands decimated kelp forests by allowing unfettered expansion of sea urchins, the otters’ main food. The loss of wolves in Yellowstone’s Lamar River Valley famously allowed elk to forage with abandon, arresting the development of streamside willows and other riparian vegetation. In Venezuela, forests without jaguars, pumas and eagles had almost no vegetative underbrush compared to the lush understory in forests where predators kept ungulate herbivores in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, according to the study, the loss of large top predators can also lead to soaring rates of wildfires, infectious disease and carbon emissions, and degrade water quality and nutrient cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “top down” trophic cascades, which the ecologists dubbed “trophic downgrading,” have been documented from the poles to the equators and every major biome in between, making the loss of top predators, they wrote, “arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world.\" Earth has weathered five mass extinctions but never before at the hands of one species—human beings. And we humans seem hell bent on clearing the Earth of larger bodied apex predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I considered all this as I read a new paper from \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.ucsc.edu/\">wildlife ecologist Chris Wilmer’s lab\u003c/a> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060590\">published last week in PLOS ONE\u003c/a>) that looks at how human development affects pumas. Like most large carnivores, pumas need vast territories to hunt, find mates and raise young. Pumas living in the San Francisco Bay Area have no such luck. Wilmers, an associate professor of environmental studies at the University of California-Santa Cruz, has been studying the effects of habitat fragmentation on the behavior, ecology and even the physiology of \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">pumas around the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/a> He develops cutting-edge GPS collars to track both the location and behavior of his animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "53672 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53672",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/01/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1167,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1443826227,
"excerpt": "Apex predators exert far-reaching effects on ecosystems that surface just decades after their disappearance. Santa Cruz researchers hope to understand how human activities and development affect how pumas use the landscape to help mitigate conflicts and plan for the species' long-term survival.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Apex predators exert far-reaching effects on ecosystems that surface just decades after their disappearance. Santa Cruz researchers hope to understand how human activities and development affect how pumas use the landscape to help mitigate conflicts and plan for the species' long-term survival.",
"title": "Top Cats: How Pumas and Other Apex Predators' Populations Affect The Big Biodiversity Picture | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Top Cats: How Pumas and Other Apex Predators' Populations Affect The Big Biodiversity Picture",
"datePublished": "2013-05-01T08:53:59-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T15:50:27-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/53672/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/01/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture/kumalion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-53676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being. Photo: Liza Gross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a stellar cast of ecologists changed the way conservation scientists think about biodiversity. As we tumble headlong into the sixth great extinction, biologists have focused largely on protecting regions with the highest number of species. By saving the most species, the thinking goes, you’ll conserve the greatest number of ecological interactions and so the greatest biodiversity. But in \u003ca href=\"http://media.longnow.org/files/2/REVIVE/Estes%20et%20al%20(w%20Berger)%20Trophic%20Downgrading%20%20-%20Science%202011.pdf\">a study that drew on ecological theory\u003c/a> and contemporary studies of apex predators like wolves and pumas, the all-star team of ecologists found that some species matter more than others. Losing top predators, they argued, can have far-reaching, irreversible effects on the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecological theory predicts that changes in the abundance and distribution of top predators can cause substantial shifts in ecosystems. And recent studies—many published in the new millennium—have shown how theoretical predictions play out on the landscape. The collapse of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sefs.washington.edu/classes.esrm.450/Anthony.pdf\">sea otter populations\u003c/a> on Amchitka Island in the Aleutian Islands decimated kelp forests by allowing unfettered expansion of sea urchins, the otters’ main food. The loss of wolves in Yellowstone’s Lamar River Valley famously allowed elk to forage with abandon, arresting the development of streamside willows and other riparian vegetation. In Venezuela, forests without jaguars, pumas and eagles had almost no vegetative underbrush compared to the lush understory in forests where predators kept ungulate herbivores in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, according to the study, the loss of large top predators can also lead to soaring rates of wildfires, infectious disease and carbon emissions, and degrade water quality and nutrient cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “top down” trophic cascades, which the ecologists dubbed “trophic downgrading,” have been documented from the poles to the equators and every major biome in between, making the loss of top predators, they wrote, “arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world.\" Earth has weathered five mass extinctions but never before at the hands of one species—human beings. And we humans seem hell bent on clearing the Earth of larger bodied apex predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I considered all this as I read a new paper from \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.ucsc.edu/\">wildlife ecologist Chris Wilmer’s lab\u003c/a> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060590\">published last week in PLOS ONE\u003c/a>) that looks at how human development affects pumas. Like most large carnivores, pumas need vast territories to hunt, find mates and raise young. Pumas living in the San Francisco Bay Area have no such luck. Wilmers, an associate professor of environmental studies at the University of California-Santa Cruz, has been studying the effects of habitat fragmentation on the behavior, ecology and even the physiology of \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">pumas around the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/a> He develops cutting-edge GPS collars to track both the location and behavior of his animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/53672/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture",
"authors": [
"6322"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_11719",
"quest_921",
"quest_11940",
"quest_925",
"quest_13198",
"quest_11194",
"quest_1880",
"quest_11941"
],
"featImg": "quest_53676",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_53274": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_53274",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53274",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1367247627000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1367247627,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Air Pollution Lurks Inside Your Home",
"title": "Air Pollution Lurks Inside Your Home",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53294\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph courtesy of kfisto via Creative Commons licensing.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kfisto/369599892/sizes/z/\" target=\"_blank\">kfisto\u003c/a> via Creative Commons licensing.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How would you like a job that involves shopping at the grocery store with the company credit card and cooking dishes like stir-fry? This describes Tosh Hotchi’s job, but he isn’t a chef. He is part of a research team that studies how to build healthy, efficient homes, including how to improve the quality of air inside a home through better ventilation. Hotchi is helping to study a major source of indoor pollution: cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people think of air pollution, they usually picture a factory spewing a plume of toxic chemicals into the air. But indoor air pollution causes significant health effects such as respiratory illness, asthma attacks, cancer and premature death. Californians spend over 45 billion dollars each year on these health impacts, according to a \u003ca title=\"California Air Resources Board study\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ab1173/rpt0705.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the California Air Resources Board. This is in part because they spend about \u003ca title=\"California Air Recoures Board study\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ab1173/rpt0705.pdf\">90% of their time indoors\u003c/a>, which is typical for people living in a developed country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca title=\"LBNL EETD\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/research-development\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory \u003c/a>(Berkeley Lab) have identified which indoor air pollutants cause the greatest health consequences. In a \u003ca title=\"Environmental Health Perspectives journal article\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279453/\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/em>, they reported that fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less, formaldehyde and acrolein are the worst indoor contaminants for non-smoking households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine particulates are found indoors mainly due to cooking, burning candles or incense, tobacco smoke and outdoor sources that leak inside. These fine particulates cause significant health problems – stroke, heart disease, chronic bronchitis and premature death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formaldehyde is mainly emitted by materials used in home construction and furniture, such as particle board, paneling and foam insulation. It also comes from cooking and tobacco smoke. Formaldehyde is a lung irritant that can trigger asthma attacks and it may cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acrolein was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. Acrolein in the home is primarily from cooking (especially oils) and tobacco smoke. It is a strong irritant for the skin, eyes and nasal passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what you're putting in your home,” says Melissa Lunden, a Berkeley Lab staff engineer. “Most of us have to cook, but do you need the candles, incense and air fresheners? Freshening your air requires taking stuff out, not putting more stuff in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab scientists are now looking for ways to improve indoor air quality by developing better standards for residential buildings and new tests to measure these hazardous pollutants. For example, their \u003ca title=\"Why We Ventilate LBNL report\" href=\"http://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-5093e_2.pdf\">Berkeley Lab report\u003c/a> recommends to regulators that whole-residence ventilation rates should focus on controlling formaldehyde and acrolein, whereas filtration should be used to remove fine particle pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since cooking is a major source of indoor air pollutants, Berkeley Lab scientists have also evaluated the effectiveness of cooking exhaust hoods. Their \u003ca title=\"Environmental Science and Techonolgy journal article\" href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/stoken/presspac/presspac/abs/10.1021/es3001079\">study results \u003c/a>showed that cooking hoods should be redesigned and new rating standards are needed to help consumers know how effective a cooking hood is at removing pollutants. However, they also found that indoor air quality can be significantly improved by simply cooking on the back burners of your stove, using higher fan settings and turning the fan on before you start cooking. Further research on cooking-induced pollutants is underway using a new demonstration kitchen to study real-life cooking conditions. During these studies, Tosh Hotchi’s stir-fries and cookies are just a happy bonus for his co-workers like Melissa Lunden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about how air quality affects your health this week during \u003ca title=\"Air Quality Awareness Week\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/airnow/airaware/index.html\">Air Quality Awareness Week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "53274 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53274",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/29/air-pollution-lurks-inside-your-home/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 595,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1375736411,
"excerpt": "Californians spend over 45 billion dollars each year on health impacts due to indoor air pollution. Scientists at Berkeley Lab have identified the indoor air pollutants with the greatest health consequences, and they are now looking for ways to improve indoor air quality.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Californians spend over 45 billion dollars each year on health impacts due to indoor air pollution. Scientists at Berkeley Lab have identified the indoor air pollutants with the greatest health consequences, and they are now looking for ways to improve indoor air quality.",
"title": "Air Pollution Lurks Inside Your Home | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Air Pollution Lurks Inside Your Home",
"datePublished": "2013-04-29T08:00:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-08-05T14:00:11-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "air-pollution-lurks-inside-your-home",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/53274/air-pollution-lurks-inside-your-home",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53294\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph courtesy of kfisto via Creative Commons licensing.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/strifry_kfisto_flickr_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kfisto/369599892/sizes/z/\" target=\"_blank\">kfisto\u003c/a> via Creative Commons licensing.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How would you like a job that involves shopping at the grocery store with the company credit card and cooking dishes like stir-fry? This describes Tosh Hotchi’s job, but he isn’t a chef. He is part of a research team that studies how to build healthy, efficient homes, including how to improve the quality of air inside a home through better ventilation. Hotchi is helping to study a major source of indoor pollution: cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people think of air pollution, they usually picture a factory spewing a plume of toxic chemicals into the air. But indoor air pollution causes significant health effects such as respiratory illness, asthma attacks, cancer and premature death. Californians spend over 45 billion dollars each year on these health impacts, according to a \u003ca title=\"California Air Resources Board study\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ab1173/rpt0705.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the California Air Resources Board. This is in part because they spend about \u003ca title=\"California Air Recoures Board study\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ab1173/rpt0705.pdf\">90% of their time indoors\u003c/a>, which is typical for people living in a developed country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca title=\"LBNL EETD\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/research-development\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory \u003c/a>(Berkeley Lab) have identified which indoor air pollutants cause the greatest health consequences. In a \u003ca title=\"Environmental Health Perspectives journal article\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279453/\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/em>, they reported that fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less, formaldehyde and acrolein are the worst indoor contaminants for non-smoking households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine particulates are found indoors mainly due to cooking, burning candles or incense, tobacco smoke and outdoor sources that leak inside. These fine particulates cause significant health problems – stroke, heart disease, chronic bronchitis and premature death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formaldehyde is mainly emitted by materials used in home construction and furniture, such as particle board, paneling and foam insulation. It also comes from cooking and tobacco smoke. Formaldehyde is a lung irritant that can trigger asthma attacks and it may cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acrolein was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. Acrolein in the home is primarily from cooking (especially oils) and tobacco smoke. It is a strong irritant for the skin, eyes and nasal passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about what you're putting in your home,” says Melissa Lunden, a Berkeley Lab staff engineer. “Most of us have to cook, but do you need the candles, incense and air fresheners? Freshening your air requires taking stuff out, not putting more stuff in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab scientists are now looking for ways to improve indoor air quality by developing better standards for residential buildings and new tests to measure these hazardous pollutants. For example, their \u003ca title=\"Why We Ventilate LBNL report\" href=\"http://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-5093e_2.pdf\">Berkeley Lab report\u003c/a> recommends to regulators that whole-residence ventilation rates should focus on controlling formaldehyde and acrolein, whereas filtration should be used to remove fine particle pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since cooking is a major source of indoor air pollutants, Berkeley Lab scientists have also evaluated the effectiveness of cooking exhaust hoods. Their \u003ca title=\"Environmental Science and Techonolgy journal article\" href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/stoken/presspac/presspac/abs/10.1021/es3001079\">study results \u003c/a>showed that cooking hoods should be redesigned and new rating standards are needed to help consumers know how effective a cooking hood is at removing pollutants. However, they also found that indoor air quality can be significantly improved by simply cooking on the back burners of your stove, using higher fan settings and turning the fan on before you start cooking. Further research on cooking-induced pollutants is underway using a new demonstration kitchen to study real-life cooking conditions. During these studies, Tosh Hotchi’s stir-fries and cookies are just a happy bonus for his co-workers like Melissa Lunden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about how air quality affects your health this week during \u003ca title=\"Air Quality Awareness Week\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/airnow/airaware/index.html\">Air Quality Awareness Week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/53274/air-pollution-lurks-inside-your-home",
"authors": [
"6360"
],
"categories": [
"quest_9",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_94",
"quest_11934",
"quest_11933",
"quest_1626",
"quest_13202",
"quest_13365"
],
"featImg": "quest_53294",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_53308": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_53308",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "53308",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1367004229000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1367004229,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"title": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "53308 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=53308",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/26/another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1229,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1450492357,
"excerpt": "Just north of the Bay Area is a vast and varied expanse of land and water that could be in line for new federal protections. The proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Conservation Area would link wilderness zones and other lands in five counties. But it’s been a tough sell in some parts.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Just north of the Bay Area is a vast and varied expanse of land and water that could be in line for new federal protections. The proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Conservation Area would link wilderness zones and other lands in five counties. But it’s been a tough sell in some parts.",
"title": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"datePublished": "2013-04-26T12:23:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-12-18T18:32:37-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/water/",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130429science.mp3",
"source": "Water",
"path": "/quest/53308/another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/53308/another-try-for-californias-second-national-conservation-area",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"categories": [
"quest_9",
"quest_17",
"quest_11766"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_11194",
"quest_11935",
"quest_13203"
],
"featImg": "quest_53333",
"label": "source_quest_53308"
},
"quest_52736": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_52736",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52736",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1366654480000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "do-now-74-earth-day",
"title": "Do Now #74: Earth Day",
"publishDate": 1366654480,
"format": "aside",
"headTitle": "Do Now #74: Earth Day | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"content": "\u003cp>In honor of Earth Day, we’re sharing an activity from our Science Education colleagues here at KQED. Pass this along to your teacher friends, and encourage them to participate in this activity for students to explore current issues using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do Now is a weekly activity for students to engage and respond to current issues using social media tools like Twitter. KQED aims to introduce 21st Century skills and add value to learning through the integration of relevant local content and new media tools and technologies. Do Now gives students a chance to practice civic engagement and digital citizenship skills while they explore ways to connect topics in their classes to the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://education.kqed.org/edspace/2013/04/13/do-now-74-earth-day/','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://education.kqed.org/edspace/files/2012/03/earth.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://education.kqed.org/edspace/2013/04/13/do-now-74-earth-day/\\'>Do Now #74: Earth Day | Edspace</a>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with @KQEDEdspace and end it with #KQEDDoNow For more info on how to use Twitter, click here. Do Now Do you make it a regular practice to care for the environment?<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://education.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width: nullpx; max-height: nullpx;\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right; display: block;\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Calling all students on this Earth Day: Do you make it a regular practice to care for the environment? If so, what do you do? If not, why? ",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1720043443,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 5,
"wordCount": 121
},
"headData": {
"title": "Do Now #74: Earth Day | KQED",
"description": "Calling all students on this Earth Day: Do you make it a regular practice to care for the environment? If so, what do you do? If not, why? ",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Do Now #74: Earth Day",
"datePublished": "2013-04-22T11:14:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-03T14:50:43-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/quest/52736/do-now-74-earth-day",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In honor of Earth Day, we’re sharing an activity from our Science Education colleagues here at KQED. Pass this along to your teacher friends, and encourage them to participate in this activity for students to explore current issues using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do Now is a weekly activity for students to engage and respond to current issues using social media tools like Twitter. KQED aims to introduce 21st Century skills and add value to learning through the integration of relevant local content and new media tools and technologies. Do Now gives students a chance to practice civic engagement and digital citizenship skills while they explore ways to connect topics in their classes to the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://education.kqed.org/edspace/2013/04/13/do-now-74-earth-day/','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://education.kqed.org/edspace/files/2012/03/earth.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://education.kqed.org/edspace/2013/04/13/do-now-74-earth-day/\\'>Do Now #74: Earth Day | Edspace</a>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with @KQEDEdspace and end it with #KQEDDoNow For more info on how to use Twitter, click here. Do Now Do you make it a regular practice to care for the environment?<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://education.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width: nullpx; max-height: nullpx;\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right; display: block;\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/52736/do-now-74-earth-day",
"authors": [
"6170"
],
"categories": [
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_903",
"quest_13196",
"quest_13198",
"quest_13",
"quest_2814"
],
"featImg": "quest_52738",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_52783": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_52783",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52783",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1366620255000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1366620255,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Two Local Kids Are Semi-Finalists in a National Wildlife Art Contest",
"title": "Two Local Kids Are Semi-Finalists in a National Wildlife Art Contest",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Two Bay Area kids are \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopextinction.org/esd/434-2013-art.html\">semi-finalists\u003c/a> in a national art contest celebrating endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-grader Hannah Chacko, of San Francisco, turned in this colorful drawing of the endangered San Francisco garter snake. (Perhaps a new t-shirt design for the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Judge-says-golf-can-stay-at-Sharp-Park-4101144.php\">Sharp Park Golf Course\u003c/a>?) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko-224x169.jpg\" alt=\"H\" width=\"224\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52787\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster City’s Kevin Huo, an eighth grader, submitted one of the most impressionistic entries in the bunch: this vivid depiction of an albatross – legendary protector of sailors -- soaring above a boat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo-130x169.jpg\" alt=\"Albatross, Kevin Huo\" width=\"130\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-52785\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest is sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Endangered Species Coalition, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Child Art Foundation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco-221x169.jpg\" alt=\"T\" width=\"221\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52786\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top honors went to kindergartener Ava Bribiesco of St. Louis, Missouri, for her collage of the American Burying Beetle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "52783 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52783",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/22/two-local-kids-are-semi-finalists-in-a-national-wildlife-art-contest/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 132,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1370990602,
"excerpt": "A pair of local young artists have won a big environmental prize.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A pair of local young artists have won a big environmental prize.",
"title": "Two Local Kids Are Semi-Finalists in a National Wildlife Art Contest | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Two Local Kids Are Semi-Finalists in a National Wildlife Art Contest",
"datePublished": "2013-04-22T01:44:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-06-11T15:43:22-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "two-local-kids-are-semi-finalists-in-a-national-wildlife-art-contest",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/52783/two-local-kids-are-semi-finalists-in-a-national-wildlife-art-contest",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two Bay Area kids are \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopextinction.org/esd/434-2013-art.html\">semi-finalists\u003c/a> in a national art contest celebrating endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-grader Hannah Chacko, of San Francisco, turned in this colorful drawing of the endangered San Francisco garter snake. (Perhaps a new t-shirt design for the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Judge-says-golf-can-stay-at-Sharp-Park-4101144.php\">Sharp Park Golf Course\u003c/a>?) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko-224x169.jpg\" alt=\"H\" width=\"224\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52787\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster City’s Kevin Huo, an eighth grader, submitted one of the most impressionistic entries in the bunch: this vivid depiction of an albatross – legendary protector of sailors -- soaring above a boat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo-130x169.jpg\" alt=\"Albatross, Kevin Huo\" width=\"130\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-52785\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest is sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Endangered Species Coalition, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Child Art Foundation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco-221x169.jpg\" alt=\"T\" width=\"221\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52786\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top honors went to kindergartener Ava Bribiesco of St. Louis, Missouri, for her collage of the American Burying Beetle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/52783/two-local-kids-are-semi-finalists-in-a-national-wildlife-art-contest",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_980",
"quest_1019",
"quest_13202",
"quest_11925"
],
"featImg": "quest_52834",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_52462": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_52462",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52462",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1366210827000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1366210827,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Fire Safety without Harm",
"title": "Fire Safety without Harm",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52484\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg\" alt=\"fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-52484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/bfr2013_about.cfm\">The conference\u003c/a> lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past decade, scientists have voiced increasing concern about the potential health and environmental risks of these chemicals, which show up—and leach from—a growing number of consumer products. By now, most California consumers probably know that flame retardants permeate the foam in their couches and chairs, along with a surprising array of baby products. (On Monday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Flame-retardants-to-be-removed-from-nap-mats-4436828.php\">San Francisco Chronicle noted\u003c/a> that at least some nap maps sold in the state will no longer contain flame retardants.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I reported yesterday in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/flame-retardants-in-consumer-products-are-linked-to-health-and-cognitive-problems/2013/04/15/f5c7b2aa-8b34-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html\">story for the Washington Post\u003c/a>, mounting evidence suggests that these brominated chemicals pose risks to human health. Californians carry among the highest levels of flame retardants in the world, which researchers attribute to a 70s-era flammability standard that requires foam products to resist an open flame for 12 seconds. Manufacturers typically used flame retardants to comply and many tailored their products to California’s standard—and considerable market share—to avoid double inventories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, concerned about the risks the chemicals pose to human health, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17598\">called on the state agency\u003c/a> in charge of flammability standards to find a way to ensure fire safety without the need for toxic flame retardants. In March, the agency held \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hOjKKdZR_s&feature=youtu.be\">a public hearing\u003c/a> on its new standard, revised to do just that. The new regulations go into effect July 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, when I started \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">writing about flame retardants\u003c/a>, I’ve been struck by how the researchers studying these chemicals talk about their findings. Scientists tend to talk about their results in terms of what they don’t know and what new questions their studies raise. (All \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=weak-link-fossil-darwinius\">exceptions duly noted\u003c/a>.) And those studying flame retardants do discuss their findings with all the usual caveats. But they also do something else. They tell me, \"We don’t like what we’re seeing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, I spoke with Heather Stapleton, a flame retardant expert at Duke University who’s pioneered methods to correlate levels of dust on people’s hands with levels found in their blood or urine. With two small children, a four-year-old son and a daughter who will be two next month, Stapleton said she thinks very carefully “as a mother and scientist” about the products she buys and washes her children’s hands frequently to reduce exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s particularly worried about people using hand-me-down nursing pillows and other baby products that likely exude more flame retardants as they age. “No one to my knowledge is examining infants’ exposure to flame retardants from these small items,” she said. “They’re small but an infant spends a lot of contact time with them.” What’s more, babies are likely to go from sleep positioner to a car seat to a changing table, spending the better part of a day in contact with products that could be leaching the chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week at the flame retardant conference, researchers talked about the global reach of these chemicals, now detected in trees, sludge, wildlife and people around the world. They listed the wide range of health effects associated with the well-studied brominated flame retardants—including endocrine disruption and developmental, neurological and reproductive defects—and emphasized that the effects have been found in both animals and humans. They also reported worrying early results on new formulations like tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is showing up in human breast milk and maternal cord blood samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, TBBPA was added mostly to electronics and circuit boards in a “reactive mode,” which means it’s unlikely to leach from the product. But as Linda Birnbaum pointed out at the meeting, it’s now being used as a replacement for banned or discontinued brominated flame retardants in an “additive mode”—so it can offgas, migrate from the product into the air. “Which means more is going to get into the environment,” Birnbaum said, “which means more is going to get into people and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, reported that a two-year study of TBBPA in rats and mice found a dose-related increase in aggressive uterine tumors in the female rats—“these are highly malignant tumors that metastasize to many different sites,” she told the crowd—as well as liver tumors in male and female mice. These results suggest, she said, that TBBPA is a “two species carcinogen” that warrants closer study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Birnbaum told me that she used to think flame retardants were providing fire safety but now isn't so sure. She allows there may be applications that warrant them, like airplanes, but even then, she said, “If we think flame retardants are going to be helpful, why not use them in a reactive mode, so they don’t easily escape into the environment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, after seeing data showing rising levels of flame retardants in people along with animal evidence linking neurological effects to exposure early in life, Birnbaum called attention to the issue with a paper called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241790/pdf/ehp0112-000009.pdf\">\"Brominated Flame Retardants: Cause for Concern?\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, “everything that is being seen in people when you look—and until recently, no one looked—is consistent with things that we’ve seen in animal models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/upload/abstract-download/2013/BirnbaumPlenary.pdf\">weight of the evidence\u003c/a> inspired Birnbaum to write another paper. “I changed the question mark,” she said, “to an exclamation point.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "52462 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52462",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1001,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1367424417,
"excerpt": "Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. The conference lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. The conference lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?",
"title": "Fire Safety without Harm | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Fire Safety without Harm",
"datePublished": "2013-04-17T08:00:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-05-01T09:06:57-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "fire-safety-without-harm",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/52462/fire-safety-without-harm",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/17/fire-safety-without-harm/fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52484\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg\" alt=\"fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-52484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, scientists and regulators from more than 20 countries gathered in San Francisco to discuss the latest research on flame retardants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/bfr2013_about.cfm\">The conference\u003c/a> lasted four days, but the theme of the meeting was clear from just a few talks: Do we need toxic chemicals to achieve fire safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past decade, scientists have voiced increasing concern about the potential health and environmental risks of these chemicals, which show up—and leach from—a growing number of consumer products. By now, most California consumers probably know that flame retardants permeate the foam in their couches and chairs, along with a surprising array of baby products. (On Monday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Flame-retardants-to-be-removed-from-nap-mats-4436828.php\">San Francisco Chronicle noted\u003c/a> that at least some nap maps sold in the state will no longer contain flame retardants.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I reported yesterday in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/flame-retardants-in-consumer-products-are-linked-to-health-and-cognitive-problems/2013/04/15/f5c7b2aa-8b34-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html\">story for the Washington Post\u003c/a>, mounting evidence suggests that these brominated chemicals pose risks to human health. Californians carry among the highest levels of flame retardants in the world, which researchers attribute to a 70s-era flammability standard that requires foam products to resist an open flame for 12 seconds. Manufacturers typically used flame retardants to comply and many tailored their products to California’s standard—and considerable market share—to avoid double inventories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, concerned about the risks the chemicals pose to human health, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17598\">called on the state agency\u003c/a> in charge of flammability standards to find a way to ensure fire safety without the need for toxic flame retardants. In March, the agency held \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hOjKKdZR_s&feature=youtu.be\">a public hearing\u003c/a> on its new standard, revised to do just that. The new regulations go into effect July 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, when I started \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">writing about flame retardants\u003c/a>, I’ve been struck by how the researchers studying these chemicals talk about their findings. Scientists tend to talk about their results in terms of what they don’t know and what new questions their studies raise. (All \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=weak-link-fossil-darwinius\">exceptions duly noted\u003c/a>.) And those studying flame retardants do discuss their findings with all the usual caveats. But they also do something else. They tell me, \"We don’t like what we’re seeing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, I spoke with Heather Stapleton, a flame retardant expert at Duke University who’s pioneered methods to correlate levels of dust on people’s hands with levels found in their blood or urine. With two small children, a four-year-old son and a daughter who will be two next month, Stapleton said she thinks very carefully “as a mother and scientist” about the products she buys and washes her children’s hands frequently to reduce exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s particularly worried about people using hand-me-down nursing pillows and other baby products that likely exude more flame retardants as they age. “No one to my knowledge is examining infants’ exposure to flame retardants from these small items,” she said. “They’re small but an infant spends a lot of contact time with them.” What’s more, babies are likely to go from sleep positioner to a car seat to a changing table, spending the better part of a day in contact with products that could be leaching the chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week at the flame retardant conference, researchers talked about the global reach of these chemicals, now detected in trees, sludge, wildlife and people around the world. They listed the wide range of health effects associated with the well-studied brominated flame retardants—including endocrine disruption and developmental, neurological and reproductive defects—and emphasized that the effects have been found in both animals and humans. They also reported worrying early results on new formulations like tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is showing up in human breast milk and maternal cord blood samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, TBBPA was added mostly to electronics and circuit boards in a “reactive mode,” which means it’s unlikely to leach from the product. But as Linda Birnbaum pointed out at the meeting, it’s now being used as a replacement for banned or discontinued brominated flame retardants in an “additive mode”—so it can offgas, migrate from the product into the air. “Which means more is going to get into the environment,” Birnbaum said, “which means more is going to get into people and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, reported that a two-year study of TBBPA in rats and mice found a dose-related increase in aggressive uterine tumors in the female rats—“these are highly malignant tumors that metastasize to many different sites,” she told the crowd—as well as liver tumors in male and female mice. These results suggest, she said, that TBBPA is a “two species carcinogen” that warrants closer study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Birnbaum told me that she used to think flame retardants were providing fire safety but now isn't so sure. She allows there may be applications that warrant them, like airplanes, but even then, she said, “If we think flame retardants are going to be helpful, why not use them in a reactive mode, so they don’t easily escape into the environment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, after seeing data showing rising levels of flame retardants in people along with animal evidence linking neurological effects to exposure early in life, Birnbaum called attention to the issue with a paper called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241790/pdf/ehp0112-000009.pdf\">\"Brominated Flame Retardants: Cause for Concern?\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, “everything that is being seen in people when you look—and until recently, no one looked—is consistent with things that we’ve seen in animal models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bfr2013.com/upload/abstract-download/2013/BirnbaumPlenary.pdf\">weight of the evidence\u003c/a> inspired Birnbaum to write another paper. “I changed the question mark,” she said, “to an exclamation point.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/52462/fire-safety-without-harm",
"authors": [
"6322"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_5",
"quest_9",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11572",
"quest_13198",
"quest_1095",
"quest_10954",
"quest_13201",
"quest_11518",
"quest_2474",
"quest_10953"
],
"featImg": "quest_52484",
"label": "quest"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/quest?category=environment": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 180,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1216,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"quest_51851",
"quest_54809",
"quest_50948",
"quest_54579",
"quest_53198",
"quest_53462",
"quest_53672",
"quest_53274",
"quest_53308",
"quest_52736",
"quest_52783",
"quest_52462"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest_category_environment": {
"isLoading": true
},
"quest_9": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/environment"
},
"source_quest_53308": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_53308",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/water/",
"isLoading": false
},
"quest_6": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_6",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "6",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 7,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/climate"
},
"quest_11766": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11766",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11766",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11800,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/water"
},
"quest_11995": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11995",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11995",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Boston",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Boston Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12114,
"slug": "boston",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/boston"
},
"quest_11997": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11997",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11997",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Connecticut River",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Connecticut River Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12116,
"slug": "connecticut-river",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/connecticut-river"
},
"quest_684": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_684",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "684",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conservation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 689,
"slug": "conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/conservation"
},
"quest_886": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_886",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "886",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 891,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/drought"
},
"quest_11996": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11996",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11996",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Global Water Policy Project",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Global Water Policy Project Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12115,
"slug": "global-water-policy-project",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/global-water-policy-project"
},
"quest_1923": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1923",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1923",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "national geographic",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "national geographic Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1935,
"slug": "national-geographic",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/national-geographic"
},
"quest_12355": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12355",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12355",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Wisconsin",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Wisconsin Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12500,
"slug": "quest-wisconsin",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-wisconsin"
},
"quest_11994": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11994",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11994",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sandra Postel",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sandra Postel Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12113,
"slug": "sandra-postel",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sandra-postel"
},
"quest_3108": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3108",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3108",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3125,
"slug": "tag-water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-water"
},
"quest_11998": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11998",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11998",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water footprint",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water footprint Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12117,
"slug": "water-footprint",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/water-footprint"
},
"quest_4": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/biology"
},
"quest_11993": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11993",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11993",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "American chestnut",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "American chestnut Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12112,
"slug": "american-chestnut",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/american-chestnut"
},
"quest_1196": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1196",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1196",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetically modified",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetically modified Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1205,
"slug": "genetically-modified",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetically-modified"
},
"quest_1293": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1293",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1293",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "habitat restoration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "habitat restoration Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1303,
"slug": "habitat-restoration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/habitat-restoration"
},
"quest_11518": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11518",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11518",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11552,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/kqedscience"
},
"quest_3319": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3319",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3319",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "The Tech Museum",
"description": "http://www.thetech.org/",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "http://www.thetech.org/",
"title": "The Tech Museum Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3344,
"slug": "the-tech-museum",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/the-tech-museum"
},
"quest_3229": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3229",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3229",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3248,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/food"
},
"quest_637": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_637",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "637",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "co2",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "co2 Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 642,
"slug": "co2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/co2"
},
"quest_794": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_794",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "794",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "deforestation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "deforestation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 799,
"slug": "deforestation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/deforestation"
},
"quest_1130": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1130",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1130",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "forest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "forest Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1139,
"slug": "forest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/forest"
},
"quest_11964": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11964",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11964",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Indonesia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Indonesia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12080,
"slug": "indonesia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/indonesia"
},
"quest_1724": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1724",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1724",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "malaysia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "malaysia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1736,
"slug": "malaysia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/malaysia"
},
"quest_11963": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11963",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11963",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "palm oil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "palm oil Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12079,
"slug": "palm-oil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/palm-oil"
},
"quest_2141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pbs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pbs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2155,
"slug": "pbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pbs"
},
"quest_11962": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11962",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11962",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "peatland",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "peatland Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12078,
"slug": "peatland",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/peatland"
},
"quest_2349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2364,
"slug": "quest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest"
},
"quest_10427": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10427",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10427",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "quest north carolina",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "quest north carolina Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10460,
"slug": "quest-north-carolina",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-north-carolina"
},
"quest_11961": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11961",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11961",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "seymour",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "seymour Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12077,
"slug": "seymour",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/seymour"
},
"quest_13364": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13364",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13364",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sustainable food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sustainable food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13372,
"slug": "sustainable-food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sustainable-food"
},
"quest_10363": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10363",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10363",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "unc-tv",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "unc-tv Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10396,
"slug": "unc-tv",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/unc-tv"
},
"quest_10303": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10303",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10303",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "UNCTV",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "UNCTV Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10336,
"slug": "unctv",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/unctv"
},
"quest_11988": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11988",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11988",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "emergency response",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "emergency response Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12107,
"slug": "emergency-response",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/emergency-response"
},
"quest_11987": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11987",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11987",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environmental disaster",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environmental disaster Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12106,
"slug": "environmental-disaster",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/environmental-disaster"
},
"quest_11984": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11984",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11984",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "OSS",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "OSS Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12103,
"slug": "oss",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/oss"
},
"quest_11985": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11985",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11985",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "science during crisis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "science during crisis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12104,
"slug": "science-during-crisis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/science-during-crisis"
},
"quest_11990": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11990",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11990",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "scientist superheroes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "scientist superheroes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12109,
"slug": "scientist-superheroes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/scientist-superheroes"
},
"quest_11986": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11986",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11986",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "strategic sciences group",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "strategic sciences group Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12105,
"slug": "strategic-sciences-group",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/strategic-sciences-group"
},
"quest_11989": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11989",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11989",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "u.s government science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "u.s government science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12108,
"slug": "u-s-government-science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/u-s-government-science"
},
"quest_11767": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11767",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11767",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Sustainability Science - TV series",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Sustainability Science - TV series Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11801,
"slug": "quest-sustainability-science-tv-series",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/series/quest-sustainability-science-tv-series"
},
"quest_12": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/health"
},
"quest_11968": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11968",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11968",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought-tolerant crops",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought-tolerant crops Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12084,
"slug": "drought-tolerant-crops",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/drought-tolerant-crops"
},
"quest_1081": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1081",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1081",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FDA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FDA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1090,
"slug": "fda",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fda"
},
"quest_11426": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11426",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11426",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Flavr Savr",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Flavr Savr Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11459,
"slug": "flavr-savr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/flavr-savr"
},
"quest_11965": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11965",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11965",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetically engineered crop",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetically engineered crop Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12081,
"slug": "genetically-engineered-crop",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetically-engineered-crop"
},
"quest_1238": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1238",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1238",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "golden rice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "golden rice Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1248,
"slug": "golden-rice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/golden-rice"
},
"quest_11520": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11520",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11520",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "labeling",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "labeling Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11554,
"slug": "labeling",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/labeling"
},
"quest_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1594,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_11967": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11967",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11967",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "rice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rice Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12083,
"slug": "rice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/rice"
},
"quest_11966": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11966",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11966",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sorghum",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sorghum Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12082,
"slug": "sorghum",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sorghum"
},
"quest_2893": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2893",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2893",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "television",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "television Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2909,
"slug": "quest-television",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-television"
},
"quest_11374": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11374",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11374",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tomato",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tomato Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11407,
"slug": "tomato",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tomato"
},
"quest_3071": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3071",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3071",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "video",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "video Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3088,
"slug": "tag-video",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-video"
},
"quest_3354": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3354",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3354",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food and Wine",
"description": "\u003cstrong>Sample our tasty coverage of local food and wine stories.\u003c/strong>",
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Sample our tasty coverage of local food and wine stories.",
"title": "Food and Wine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3379,
"slug": "food-and-wine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/collection/food-and-wine"
},
"quest_438": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_438",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "438",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "california",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "california Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 441,
"slug": "california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/california"
},
"quest_11611": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11611",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11611",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "caves",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "caves Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11645,
"slug": "caves",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/caves"
},
"quest_11937": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11937",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11937",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "exploring",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "exploring Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12050,
"slug": "exploring",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/exploring"
},
"quest_11960": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11960",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11960",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "helictites",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "helictites Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12076,
"slug": "helictites",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/helictites"
},
"quest_1370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "hiking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hiking Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1381,
"slug": "hiking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/hiking"
},
"quest_3307": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3307",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3307",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3329,
"slug": "northern-california-local",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california-local"
},
"quest_11958": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11958",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11958",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stalactites",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stalactites Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12074,
"slug": "stalactites",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stalactites"
},
"quest_11959": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11959",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11959",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stalagmites",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stalagmites Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12075,
"slug": "stalagmites",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stalagmites"
},
"quest_326": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_326",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "326",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "biodiversity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "biodiversity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 328,
"slug": "tag-biodiversity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-biodiversity"
},
"quest_11719": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11719",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11719",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carnivores",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carnivores Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11753,
"slug": "carnivores",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/carnivores"
},
"quest_921": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_921",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "921",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 926,
"slug": "ecology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecology"
},
"quest_11940": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11940",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11940",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecosystem dynamics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecosystem dynamics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12056,
"slug": "ecosystem-dynamics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecosystem-dynamics"
},
"quest_925": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_925",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "925",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecosystem services",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecosystem services Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 930,
"slug": "ecosystem-services",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecosystem-services"
},
"quest_13198": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13198",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13198",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1014,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/environment"
},
"quest_11194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqed science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqed science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11227,
"slug": "kqed-science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/kqed-science"
},
"quest_1880": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1880",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1880",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mountain lions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mountain lions Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1892,
"slug": "mountain-lions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/mountain-lions"
},
"quest_11941": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11941",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11941",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "top predators",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "top predators Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12057,
"slug": "top-predators",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/top-predators"
},
"quest_94": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_94",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "94",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air pollution Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 95,
"slug": "air-pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/air-pollution"
},
"quest_11934": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11934",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11934",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air quality awareness week",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air quality awareness week Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12042,
"slug": "air-quality-awareness-week",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/air-quality-awareness-week"
},
"quest_11933": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11933",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11933",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "indoor air",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "indoor air Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12041,
"slug": "indoor-air",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/indoor-air"
},
"quest_1626": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1626",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1626",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"description": "http://www.lbl.gov/",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "http://www.lbl.gov/",
"title": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3338,
"slug": "lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory"
},
"quest_13202": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13202",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13202",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3254,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_13365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sustainable health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sustainable health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13373,
"slug": "sustainable-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sustainable-health"
},
"quest_17": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_17",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "17",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/radio"
},
"quest_252": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_252",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "252",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "audio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 254,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/audio"
},
"quest_11935": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11935",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11935",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "lake berryessa",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "lake berryessa Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12045,
"slug": "lake-berryessa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lake-berryessa"
},
"quest_13203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2001,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/news"
},
"quest_903": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_903",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "903",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earth day",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earth day Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 908,
"slug": "earth-day",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/earth-day"
},
"quest_13196": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13196",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13196",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Education",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Education Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 937,
"slug": "ed",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ed"
},
"quest_2814": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2814",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2814",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "students",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "students Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2830,
"slug": "students",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/students"
},
"quest_980": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_980",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "980",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "endangered species",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "endangered species Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 986,
"slug": "endangered-species",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/endangered-species"
},
"quest_1019": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1019",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1019",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ESA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ESA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1027,
"slug": "esa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/esa"
},
"quest_11925": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11925",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11925",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "youth art contest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "youth art contest Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12001,
"slug": "youth-art-contest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/youth-art-contest"
},
"quest_5": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_5",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "5",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/chemistry"
},
"quest_11572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brominated flame retardants",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brominated flame retardants Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11606,
"slug": "brominated-flame-retardants",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/brominated-flame-retardants"
},
"quest_1095": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1095",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1095",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fire Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1104,
"slug": "fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fire"
},
"quest_10954": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10954",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10954",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flame retardants",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flame retardants Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10987,
"slug": "flame-retardants",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/flame-retardants"
},
"quest_13201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1338,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/health"
},
"quest_2474": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2474",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2474",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "safety",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "safety Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2490,
"slug": "safety",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/safety"
},
"quest_10953": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10953",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10953",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "TB 117",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "TB 117 Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10986,
"slug": "tb-117",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tb-117"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}