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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford solar car race image\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>Just as co-eds are getting wrapped up in college football, a group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are dusting the sand off their shirts after a week in the Australian outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team designed, built, and raced a solar-powered car 1,864 miles from the edge of northern Australia to the southern port of Adelaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-eight teams made up of high school and college students from 24 countries competed in the cross-continental race, which promotes advanced solar-power technology that could fuel cars of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62235\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map-270x253.jpg\" alt=\"Solar Race Map\" width=\"270\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Stanford took fourth in the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsolarchallenge.org/\">Bridgestone World Solar Challenge\u003c/a> behind the Netherland’s \u003ca href=\"http://home.tudelft.nl/en/\">Delft University of Technology\u003c/a>, which placed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although there is no cash prize, the first team to cross the finish line wins more than bragging rights. Many of these students go on to accept coveted engineering job offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford students that participated in the past were offered jobs and internships with prestigious companies like Tesla Motors, Apple and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team spent two years designing and building \u003ca href=\"http://solarcar.stanford.edu/\">Luminos\u003c/a>, a carbon fiber car that can travel up to 70 mph and is powered almost entirely by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the race the car averaged between 40 and 55 mph due to overcast skies and rain that often blocked the sunlight.\u003cbr>\nIn addition to the overall design, the students built an original motor for the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Most teams just buy kits as an off the shelf solution to motor design but our team actually developed our own,” said recent Stanford graduate and team director, Wesley Ford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn a lot from designing and building almost everything on our car and we place a very high value on that,” said Jason Trinidad, an undeclared sophomore who took turns driving the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may cost us in placing in the race, [but] it does produce exceptional engineers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has 50 members who pitched in throughout the process, while 16 traveled to Australia. Stanford first participated in the challenge in 1989 and Luminos will be the team’s eleventh entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professors say that students had guidance but no actual participation from faculty or professionals. The race is a chance for students to get their hands dirty and advance alternative energy technology at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good that challenge is in the title. It pushes the envelope and now things that weren’t possible before are possible today,” said Stanford lecturer and team advisor Sven Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62247\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford students stand behind their design Luminos which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students stand behind their car (Luminos) which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night. The blazing sun, although necessary to power the car, provides other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Outback is hot, lotta flies, not very comfortable place to be when you’re driving,” Ford said. Students on the solar team put in four-hour shifts driving in 90 degree weather, jammed in their single passenger car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will probably come to a sense of, ‘Oh, you know what, a car that actually has air conditioning or a nice stereo or something like that, that makes a lot of sense,'” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year the race encouraged more practical or useful designs that included four wheels and a roomier inside; previous vehicles had two wheels and barely enough room for the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super efficiency is one thing, but to get consumers to subscribe to a high efficiency vehicle, that’s a whole different story,” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc1eup37S-A]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford students that participated in the past were offered jobs and internships with prestigious companies like Tesla Motors, Apple and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team spent two years designing and building \u003ca href=\"http://solarcar.stanford.edu/\">Luminos\u003c/a>, a carbon fiber car that can travel up to 70 mph and is powered almost entirely by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the race the car averaged between 40 and 55 mph due to overcast skies and rain that often blocked the sunlight.\u003cbr>\nIn addition to the overall design, the students built an original motor for the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Most teams just buy kits as an off the shelf solution to motor design but our team actually developed our own,” said recent Stanford graduate and team director, Wesley Ford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn a lot from designing and building almost everything on our car and we place a very high value on that,” said Jason Trinidad, an undeclared sophomore who took turns driving the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may cost us in placing in the race, [but] it does produce exceptional engineers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has 50 members who pitched in throughout the process, while 16 traveled to Australia. Stanford first participated in the challenge in 1989 and Luminos will be the team’s eleventh entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professors say that students had guidance but no actual participation from faculty or professionals. The race is a chance for students to get their hands dirty and advance alternative energy technology at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good that challenge is in the title. It pushes the envelope and now things that weren’t possible before are possible today,” said Stanford lecturer and team advisor Sven Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62247\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford students stand behind their design Luminos which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students stand behind their car (Luminos) which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night. The blazing sun, although necessary to power the car, provides other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Outback is hot, lotta flies, not very comfortable place to be when you’re driving,” Ford said. Students on the solar team put in four-hour shifts driving in 90 degree weather, jammed in their single passenger car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will probably come to a sense of, ‘Oh, you know what, a car that actually has air conditioning or a nice stereo or something like that, that makes a lot of sense,'” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year the race encouraged more practical or useful designs that included four wheels and a roomier inside; previous vehicles had two wheels and barely enough room for the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super efficiency is one thing, but to get consumers to subscribe to a high efficiency vehicle, that’s a whole different story,” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hc1eup37S-A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hc1eup37S-A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Clarke Snell is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Building-Green-New-Edition-Alternative/dp/1600595340\">builder\u003c/a>, a dreamer, and a 50 year-old student bent on saving the planet -- one house at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an architecture graduate student at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Snell is tackling what he sees as the greatest challenge of our time: climate change. Armed with a firm belief that sustainable design can help slow the warming trend, he and his fellow students have set their sights on tackling a major climate change culprit: concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61789\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/wheel_cement.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61789\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/wheel_cement-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"wheel_cement\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The geopolymer cement mix developed at UNC Charlotte uses recycled fly ash from coal plants. Photo courtesy Clarke Snell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Concrete accounts for somewhere between 5-8% of the world’s \u003cem>total\u003c/em> carbon dioxide emissions. It’s the most widely used building material on the planet. We produce nearly three tons of the stuff, per person, every year. From buildings, to bridges, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=concrete+bathroom&client=firefox-a&hs=JtE&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=LjlPUuGkJILg8ASd6oCgAw&ved=0CCwQsAQ&biw=1015&bih=613&dpr=1.5\">bathroom countertops\u003c/a>, concrete is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer is eco-friendly geopolymer cement, which can reduce the carbon footprint associated with concrete by \u003ca href=\"http://urbaneden.uncc.edu/house/highlights/geopolymer-concrete\">up to 90%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement and concrete are often used interchangeably, but they are actually two separate products. For starters, cement is an ingredient used to make concrete. You can’t make traditional concrete without cement. Conventional cement (also known as Portland cement) is a very fine powder typically made by burning limestone and other minerals at temperatures over 2,500°F.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concrete is the mixture of aggregate (a combination of sand, gravel or crushed stone), and a paste material comprised of water and cement. Through a process called hydration, the cement and water harden with the aggregate, binding the mixture into a rocklike mass that can be shaped and set as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As history can attest (see, \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/The-Secrets-of-Ancient-Romes-Buildings.html\">Roman empire\u003c/a>) concrete is strong, durable, and relatively easy to transport. But there’s a caveat: making one ton of concrete \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/05/09/emissions-from-the-cement-industry/\">releases a ton of carbon dioxide\u003c/a> into the atmosphere. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61786\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_3251.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61786\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_3251-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_3251\" width=\"265\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UrbanEden's concrete walls help keep the building warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Photo courtesy Clarke Snell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s the good news: There is a viable alternative-- and Snell and his team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte are already using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\">A \u003cem>\u003c/em>biennial competition \u003c/a>sponsored by the Department of Energy challenges schools from around the world to design and build energy efficient, solar powered homes. The UNC Charlotte team wanted to use concrete for its durability and strong insulation properties, but they didn't like the carbon emissions associated with producing Portland cement - the glue that holds concrete together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they used \u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.tumblr.com/http://\">a geopolymer composite material \u003c/a>made from fly ash to replace the conventional Portland cement. Fly ash, or flash, is a recyclable by-product from coal power plants that is both strong and durable. The flash creates a binding material that, when combined with certain activating chemicals, can be used to make concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new material looks and performs like conventional concrete but doesn’t have to be burned at 2,500°F, thereby skirting most of the associated carbon dioxide emissions. As student Project Manager Clarke Snell says, “If emulated in all building projects, this small, essentially plug and play substitute, would be world changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61779 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/DoE-pic.jpg\" alt=\"UrbanEden under construciton at the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition. Photo Credit: Eric Grigorian/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UrbanEden under construciton at the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition. Photo Credit: Eric Grigorian/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional information about use of geopolymer based cement developed by Dr. Brett Tempest at UNC-Charlotte - \u003ca title=\"Cementing a More Sustainable Future\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cementing-a-more-sustainable-future/\">(Link)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Clarke Snell is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Building-Green-New-Edition-Alternative/dp/1600595340\">builder\u003c/a>, a dreamer, and a 50 year-old student bent on saving the planet -- one house at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an architecture graduate student at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Snell is tackling what he sees as the greatest challenge of our time: climate change. Armed with a firm belief that sustainable design can help slow the warming trend, he and his fellow students have set their sights on tackling a major climate change culprit: concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61789\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/wheel_cement.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61789\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/wheel_cement-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"wheel_cement\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The geopolymer cement mix developed at UNC Charlotte uses recycled fly ash from coal plants. Photo courtesy Clarke Snell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Concrete accounts for somewhere between 5-8% of the world’s \u003cem>total\u003c/em> carbon dioxide emissions. It’s the most widely used building material on the planet. We produce nearly three tons of the stuff, per person, every year. From buildings, to bridges, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=concrete+bathroom&client=firefox-a&hs=JtE&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=LjlPUuGkJILg8ASd6oCgAw&ved=0CCwQsAQ&biw=1015&bih=613&dpr=1.5\">bathroom countertops\u003c/a>, concrete is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer is eco-friendly geopolymer cement, which can reduce the carbon footprint associated with concrete by \u003ca href=\"http://urbaneden.uncc.edu/house/highlights/geopolymer-concrete\">up to 90%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cement and concrete are often used interchangeably, but they are actually two separate products. For starters, cement is an ingredient used to make concrete. You can’t make traditional concrete without cement. Conventional cement (also known as Portland cement) is a very fine powder typically made by burning limestone and other minerals at temperatures over 2,500°F.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concrete is the mixture of aggregate (a combination of sand, gravel or crushed stone), and a paste material comprised of water and cement. Through a process called hydration, the cement and water harden with the aggregate, binding the mixture into a rocklike mass that can be shaped and set as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As history can attest (see, \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/The-Secrets-of-Ancient-Romes-Buildings.html\">Roman empire\u003c/a>) concrete is strong, durable, and relatively easy to transport. But there’s a caveat: making one ton of concrete \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/05/09/emissions-from-the-cement-industry/\">releases a ton of carbon dioxide\u003c/a> into the atmosphere. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61786\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_3251.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61786\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_3251-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_3251\" width=\"265\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UrbanEden's concrete walls help keep the building warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Photo courtesy Clarke Snell.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s the good news: There is a viable alternative-- and Snell and his team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte are already using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\">A \u003cem>\u003c/em>biennial competition \u003c/a>sponsored by the Department of Energy challenges schools from around the world to design and build energy efficient, solar powered homes. The UNC Charlotte team wanted to use concrete for its durability and strong insulation properties, but they didn't like the carbon emissions associated with producing Portland cement - the glue that holds concrete together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they used \u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.tumblr.com/http://\">a geopolymer composite material \u003c/a>made from fly ash to replace the conventional Portland cement. Fly ash, or flash, is a recyclable by-product from coal power plants that is both strong and durable. The flash creates a binding material that, when combined with certain activating chemicals, can be used to make concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new material looks and performs like conventional concrete but doesn’t have to be burned at 2,500°F, thereby skirting most of the associated carbon dioxide emissions. As student Project Manager Clarke Snell says, “If emulated in all building projects, this small, essentially plug and play substitute, would be world changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61779\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61779 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/DoE-pic.jpg\" alt=\"UrbanEden under construciton at the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition. Photo Credit: Eric Grigorian/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UrbanEden under construciton at the 2013 Solar Decathlon competition. Photo Credit: Eric Grigorian/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional information about use of geopolymer based cement developed by Dr. Brett Tempest at UNC-Charlotte - \u003ca title=\"Cementing a More Sustainable Future\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cementing-a-more-sustainable-future/\">(Link)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Students Debut Solar-Powered Prefab Home",
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"content": "\u003cp>The future of home design is in a box. At least, that’s where 100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are placing their bets. They’ve constructed a mechanical room that powers a house like the engine of a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have spent thousands of hours over the past two years designing and creating a prefabricated home on campus that they hope will win top honors at the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">Department of Energy\u003c/a>’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/contests.html\">Solar Decathlon Competition\u003c/a> that kicks off in Irvine, CA on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've waited so long for this moment,\" said graduate student \u003ca href=\"http://tedx.stanford.edu/2013/speakers/derek-ouyang/\">Derek Ouyang\u003c/a>, project manager of the Stanford team. \"I'm excited and exhausted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61556 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Irvine just two days before the competition. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\" width=\"324\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Orange County Great Park in Irvine, CA before the contest starts on Oct 3. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every two years, hundreds of teams from around the world submit proposals. Only 20 teams, however, are invited to compete in the home-building event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official prize, placing first in any one of ten categories all but guarantees a job offer from a prestigious architecture firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOE provided $100,000 in seed funding for each team and Stanford fund-raised an additional $1 million for construction, labor and material. Ouyang values the house at about $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three other California teams, including Santa Clara University, the University of Southern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/team_sci_arc_caltech.html\">Southern California Institute of Architecture and California Institute of Technology\u003c/a>, are also competing in event, which runs through October 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Stanford’s first entry in the competition. Participating students have backgrounds in everything from computer science to product design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 students participated in building Stanford's “\u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">Start.Home\u003c/a>”, though roughly 20 have worked continuously on the project. None of the students had ever built a house before and many had never even hammered a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61559\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61559 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior-546x360.jpg\" alt=\"Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\" width=\"382\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To fulfill the DOE requirements of a creating 1,000 square foot solar-powered home that is attractive, affordable and energy-efficient, Stanford decided to rethink how prefabricated homes are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though most prefab homes come in a limited number of sizes and styles, Stanford’s team decided to create a house that could expand to meet a family's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By building a unit that contains a majority of the house’s mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in a “core,” the homeowner could build rooms around this central fixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 180 square foot core attaches to a kitchen counter and appliances, a bathroom and a laundry room, so all that’s needed, the students say, are additional living spaces—as many as the homeowner desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With this design everything arrives on site ready to go,\" said graduate student and construction team leader Rob Best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You build rooms around the core and just as a family grows, the house can grow with you because you can always add on more rooms that connect to the core.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61471\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61471 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's main innovative is a "core" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's main innovative is a \"core\" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The core has a pump that filters used water from the kitchen sink and shower (known as graywater), and sends it to a vegetable garden in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121220143405.htm\">special layer of paint\u003c/a> covering the core removes nitrogen oxides --major components of smog--from the air. Ouyang said it’s the equivalent of removing two cars from the road every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels cover the roof of the house so that the home is a net-zero energy building, which means it generates all its power from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the house even greener, the students salvaged wood from old homes in the Bay Area for the walls and floor, and put a living wall made out of plants in the bathroom to purify the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to encourage sustainable behavior, the students installed an iPad on the wall of the core that tells users about their water and energy consumption. It allows the homeowner to set goals and compare his or her energy use with neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people actually want to behave in a more sustainable way, the issue is just convenience,” said alum and design team leader Jason Bade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making the invisible visible was a key part of the team’s strategy; the outlets on the walls glow red if they aren’t turned “off” and the team created a central switch that prevents energy from going to the sockets when appliances are not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people don’t realize that plugged-in appliances like toasters and blenders are still using energy even when they are just sitting on the counter,” Bade said. “We’re trying to make saving energy almost a no-brainer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students built the home on campus, then took it apart and moved it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocgp.org/\">Orange County Great Park\u003c/a> for the competition, which was no easy feat. The handicap ramp leading to the entrance was too steep in some sections and the students had to rebuild it on-site in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the contest coincides with the first week of classes. Ouyang said very few students traveled to Irvine, making re-assembly quite difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having enough manpower has been really tough,\" Ouyang said. \"We've been working from 7 a.m. to midnight for eight days straight, barely finishing the house in time for Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the competition, the Start.Home will be re-assembled on Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and provide a new home for the resident ranger and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Ouyang. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: 10/13/13\u003c/strong> – Stanford placed fifth overall. \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The future of home design is in a box. At least, that’s where 100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are placing their bets. They’ve constructed a mechanical room that powers a house like the engine of a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have spent thousands of hours over the past two years designing and creating a prefabricated home on campus that they hope will win top honors at the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">Department of Energy\u003c/a>’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/contests.html\">Solar Decathlon Competition\u003c/a> that kicks off in Irvine, CA on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've waited so long for this moment,\" said graduate student \u003ca href=\"http://tedx.stanford.edu/2013/speakers/derek-ouyang/\">Derek Ouyang\u003c/a>, project manager of the Stanford team. \"I'm excited and exhausted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61556 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Irvine just two days before the competition. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\" width=\"324\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Orange County Great Park in Irvine, CA before the contest starts on Oct 3. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every two years, hundreds of teams from around the world submit proposals. Only 20 teams, however, are invited to compete in the home-building event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official prize, placing first in any one of ten categories all but guarantees a job offer from a prestigious architecture firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOE provided $100,000 in seed funding for each team and Stanford fund-raised an additional $1 million for construction, labor and material. Ouyang values the house at about $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three other California teams, including Santa Clara University, the University of Southern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/team_sci_arc_caltech.html\">Southern California Institute of Architecture and California Institute of Technology\u003c/a>, are also competing in event, which runs through October 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Stanford’s first entry in the competition. Participating students have backgrounds in everything from computer science to product design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 students participated in building Stanford's “\u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">Start.Home\u003c/a>”, though roughly 20 have worked continuously on the project. None of the students had ever built a house before and many had never even hammered a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61559\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61559 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior-546x360.jpg\" alt=\"Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\" width=\"382\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To fulfill the DOE requirements of a creating 1,000 square foot solar-powered home that is attractive, affordable and energy-efficient, Stanford decided to rethink how prefabricated homes are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though most prefab homes come in a limited number of sizes and styles, Stanford’s team decided to create a house that could expand to meet a family's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By building a unit that contains a majority of the house’s mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in a “core,” the homeowner could build rooms around this central fixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 180 square foot core attaches to a kitchen counter and appliances, a bathroom and a laundry room, so all that’s needed, the students say, are additional living spaces—as many as the homeowner desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With this design everything arrives on site ready to go,\" said graduate student and construction team leader Rob Best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You build rooms around the core and just as a family grows, the house can grow with you because you can always add on more rooms that connect to the core.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61471\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61471 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's main innovative is a "core" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's main innovative is a \"core\" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The core has a pump that filters used water from the kitchen sink and shower (known as graywater), and sends it to a vegetable garden in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121220143405.htm\">special layer of paint\u003c/a> covering the core removes nitrogen oxides --major components of smog--from the air. Ouyang said it’s the equivalent of removing two cars from the road every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels cover the roof of the house so that the home is a net-zero energy building, which means it generates all its power from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the house even greener, the students salvaged wood from old homes in the Bay Area for the walls and floor, and put a living wall made out of plants in the bathroom to purify the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to encourage sustainable behavior, the students installed an iPad on the wall of the core that tells users about their water and energy consumption. It allows the homeowner to set goals and compare his or her energy use with neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people actually want to behave in a more sustainable way, the issue is just convenience,” said alum and design team leader Jason Bade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making the invisible visible was a key part of the team’s strategy; the outlets on the walls glow red if they aren’t turned “off” and the team created a central switch that prevents energy from going to the sockets when appliances are not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people don’t realize that plugged-in appliances like toasters and blenders are still using energy even when they are just sitting on the counter,” Bade said. “We’re trying to make saving energy almost a no-brainer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students built the home on campus, then took it apart and moved it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocgp.org/\">Orange County Great Park\u003c/a> for the competition, which was no easy feat. The handicap ramp leading to the entrance was too steep in some sections and the students had to rebuild it on-site in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the contest coincides with the first week of classes. Ouyang said very few students traveled to Irvine, making re-assembly quite difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having enough manpower has been really tough,\" Ouyang said. \"We've been working from 7 a.m. to midnight for eight days straight, barely finishing the house in time for Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the competition, the Start.Home will be re-assembled on Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and provide a new home for the resident ranger and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Ouyang. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: 10/13/13\u003c/strong> – Stanford placed fifth overall. \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat",
"title": "The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest",
"title": "From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59677\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bullitt Center, a six-story commercial structure that opened this summer in Seattle, is considered the world's greenest office building. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly 100 feet tall, fed by the sun and rain that fall on it, and is composed largely of wood. But it’s not a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59683\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_forest-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt_forest\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the world’s greenest office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bullittcenter.org/\">Bullitt Center\u003c/a>, finished in the summer of 2013 and located on the edge of Seattle’s downtown, is designed to mimic the Douglas fir forests that once stood on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powered by sun and fed by rainwater, the building doesn't produce any waste. Its automated window shades open and close like an organism’s pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters. The 600-panel solar array, which is expected to generate all the energy the building needs in a year, is arranged on the roof so that rays of sunlight can pass through and create a dappled pattern on the sidewalk below — similar to the way light passes through a forest canopy. And all the wood used in the structure came from local forests that harvest trees sustainably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to be as self sufficient as any arboreal ecosystem, the center also has a 56,000-gallon cistern, which will provide tenants with all their water needs. All waste generated will be treated on site thanks to the world's first six-story composting toilet system, and a rain garden will filter the wastewater from sinks, showers, and floor drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has had a long time to figure out how to live successfully on this planet,” says Jason F. McLennan, founder and creator of the \u003ca href=\"http://living-future.org/lbc\">Living Building Challenge\u003c/a>, the most rigorous certification process for green building. “There is a lot we can learn from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://player.vimeo.com/video/64281701]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imitating the processes, systems, and designs found in nature, or \u003ca href=\"http://biomimicry.net/about/biomimicry/case-examples/\">biomimicry\u003c/a>, has inspired such things as swimsuits for Olympic athletes (sharkskin), hook-and-loop fasteners (burdock seed husks), and highly efficient turbines (humpback whale fins). Although biomimicry has been around for a while, it is attracting renewed attention as a way to create more eco-friendly designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought we could circumvent the laws of nature with our cleverness and by our ability to manipulate materials and fossil fuels,” says Robert Peña, associate professor of architecture at the University of Washington’s Integrated Design Lab and a Bullitt Center design consultant. “But a lot of us are realizing that we circumvent those laws at our own peril. And we’re rediscovering biomimicry as an important part of the solution to our environmental challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59687 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 600-panel solar array is expected to supply all the energy the building needs. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example of the discipline’s resurgence is the Living Building Challenge, which advocates for biomimicry-inspired design solutions. The Challenge has grown steadily since its inception in 2006, and now more than 200 projects around the world, including the Bullitt Center, are attempting to qualify for “Living Building” status. Unlike other green building certifications, living buildings must prove for a full year that they are in balance with nature. They must generate all their own energy from renewable sources; their water needs must be met by the precipitation that falls on them; and they must treat wastewater and sewage on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of mimicking a Douglas fir forest, the Bullitt Center is 80 percent more efficient than a typical commercial structure. And building more efficient spaces has the potential not only to address many of America’s energy issues but also to blunt the impacts of climate change, Peña says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 48 percent of the overall energy we use in the United States is consumed by buildings,” he says. “So we have a huge opportunity to reduce the carbon we put into the atmosphere by making more efficient and effective use of buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña hopes the Bullitt Center will inspire other builders and help spark a green building boom. For that reason, the structure was built in a way that could be replicated. And the Center’s designers plan on sharing their newfound knowledge with the wider building community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this building is still the greenest of its type in a decade, we’ll have utterly failed,” Peña adds. “It’s all about inspiring the next generation of designers, builders, and rule makers to do it and do it better.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59677\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bullitt Center, a six-story commercial structure that opened this summer in Seattle, is considered the world's greenest office building. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly 100 feet tall, fed by the sun and rain that fall on it, and is composed largely of wood. But it’s not a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59683\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_forest-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt_forest\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the world’s greenest office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bullittcenter.org/\">Bullitt Center\u003c/a>, finished in the summer of 2013 and located on the edge of Seattle’s downtown, is designed to mimic the Douglas fir forests that once stood on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powered by sun and fed by rainwater, the building doesn't produce any waste. Its automated window shades open and close like an organism’s pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters. The 600-panel solar array, which is expected to generate all the energy the building needs in a year, is arranged on the roof so that rays of sunlight can pass through and create a dappled pattern on the sidewalk below — similar to the way light passes through a forest canopy. And all the wood used in the structure came from local forests that harvest trees sustainably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to be as self sufficient as any arboreal ecosystem, the center also has a 56,000-gallon cistern, which will provide tenants with all their water needs. All waste generated will be treated on site thanks to the world's first six-story composting toilet system, and a rain garden will filter the wastewater from sinks, showers, and floor drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has had a long time to figure out how to live successfully on this planet,” says Jason F. McLennan, founder and creator of the \u003ca href=\"http://living-future.org/lbc\">Living Building Challenge\u003c/a>, the most rigorous certification process for green building. “There is a lot we can learn from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imitating the processes, systems, and designs found in nature, or \u003ca href=\"http://biomimicry.net/about/biomimicry/case-examples/\">biomimicry\u003c/a>, has inspired such things as swimsuits for Olympic athletes (sharkskin), hook-and-loop fasteners (burdock seed husks), and highly efficient turbines (humpback whale fins). Although biomimicry has been around for a while, it is attracting renewed attention as a way to create more eco-friendly designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought we could circumvent the laws of nature with our cleverness and by our ability to manipulate materials and fossil fuels,” says Robert Peña, associate professor of architecture at the University of Washington’s Integrated Design Lab and a Bullitt Center design consultant. “But a lot of us are realizing that we circumvent those laws at our own peril. And we’re rediscovering biomimicry as an important part of the solution to our environmental challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59687 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 600-panel solar array is expected to supply all the energy the building needs. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example of the discipline’s resurgence is the Living Building Challenge, which advocates for biomimicry-inspired design solutions. The Challenge has grown steadily since its inception in 2006, and now more than 200 projects around the world, including the Bullitt Center, are attempting to qualify for “Living Building” status. Unlike other green building certifications, living buildings must prove for a full year that they are in balance with nature. They must generate all their own energy from renewable sources; their water needs must be met by the precipitation that falls on them; and they must treat wastewater and sewage on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of mimicking a Douglas fir forest, the Bullitt Center is 80 percent more efficient than a typical commercial structure. And building more efficient spaces has the potential not only to address many of America’s energy issues but also to blunt the impacts of climate change, Peña says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 48 percent of the overall energy we use in the United States is consumed by buildings,” he says. “So we have a huge opportunity to reduce the carbon we put into the atmosphere by making more efficient and effective use of buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña hopes the Bullitt Center will inspire other builders and help spark a green building boom. For that reason, the structure was built in a way that could be replicated. And the Center’s designers plan on sharing their newfound knowledge with the wider building community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this building is still the greenest of its type in a decade, we’ll have utterly failed,” Peña adds. “It’s all about inspiring the next generation of designers, builders, and rule makers to do it and do it better.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure",
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"content": "\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"FeaturedImage\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you heard? Incandescent light bulbs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZik9qwSyHE&list=PLtECghye06-m4JOEiy1KA2k-PvxpfCEPh\">dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, maybe not dead. More like endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Threat: LED light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the Federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CGIQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energystar.gov%2Fia%2Fproducts%2Flighting%2Fcfls%2Fdownloads%2FEISA_Backgrounder_FINAL_4-11_EPA.pdf&ei=35-aUbeQOJPg8AT654DwDw&usg=AFQjCNHucXRwUJvDsxQ5e1ZDzyjPsg9DcQ&sig2=82EASe-w6mlhGL_u794smg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.eWU\">passed a law\u003c/a> mandating a gradual transition to more energy-efficient light bulbs. Manufacturers have already phased out 75 and 100-watt bulbs. And next January will be lights out for the old 40 and 60-watt energy hogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57210\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57210 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bulb comparison2\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Click to enlarge. Courtesy EnergyStar.gov\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out the light bulb Thomas Edison invented over 130 years ago is incredibly inefficient. It’s internal filament wire is basically a heat source that gives off light. Not bad for the 1880s, but considering \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3\">17% of the country’s total electricity consumption\u003c/a> now goes to lighting our homes and businesses, we have an opportunity to reduce our energy footprint by relying on newer, more efficient options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CFLs – those swirly looking, Compact Fluorescent Lights – are certainly more energy-efficient than incandescents, disposing them has always been an issue. CFLs contain mercury, a toxic metal, and must be properly recycled when they burn out. And if they fall and break in your home, well, the EPA has a long list of \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cfl/cleaning-broken-cfl\">cleanup precautions\u003c/a>, including turning off your central air so the toxins don’t spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bright spot in the lighting aisle comes from LED bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days LEDs can be found everywhere – flashlights, cell phones, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/5b5ad8a32d334ca9b4ab4ce55d058bd0/CA--Efficient-Street-Lights/\">street lamps \u003c/a>- \u003cem>except\u003c/em> the light fixtures in our homes. Why? Because up until now they were simply too expensive for most consumers. But that’s about to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-52009\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"8cree8\" width=\"146\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>This year Durham, North Carolina-based Cree introduced a $10, 40-watt replacement LED light bulb and a 60-watt replacement model that sells for $13. Both bulbs look and feel like incandescent bulbs, only better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you write off the LEDs because of the steep price tag, consider this: their 60-watt replacement bulb is designed to last for over 22 years. That’s \u003cem>years\u003c/em>. This translates into an estimated annual energy cost of $1.14. By comparison, a standard 60-watt incandescent bulb will burn out in about 11 months and add $7 to your annual energy bill. \u003ca href=\"http://news.consumerreports.org/home/2013/03/early-testing-of-low-cost-leds-show-promising-results.html\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> crunched the numbers and says you will make your money back with Cree’s 60-watt replacement bulb in under two years; “After that you would save $149 in energy and bulbs over its life when compared with an incandescent.” How many light bulbs do you have in your home? You do the math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the light quality, you ask? For a long time the knock against CFLs and LEDs was that they simply can’t compete with the warm, bright glow from incandescents. We conducted a little field test to see how the bulbs compare:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XvLc6VlpI8?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could you see a difference? From my perspective the light quality was pretty much the same. And I suppose that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: switching to LED bulbs is a no-brainer if you’re looking to reduce your energy consumption and your utility bill. \u003ca href=\"http://thewirecutter.com/reviews/the-best-led-lightbulb-is-the-cree-warm-white/\">Most\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/technology/personaltech/cheaper-led-bulbs-make-it-easier-to-switch-lights.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&\">reviewers\u003c/a> highlight \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/Cree-9-5-Watt-60W-A19-Warm-White-2700K-LED-Light-Bulb-1-Pack-BA19-08027OMF-12DE26-1U110/203991774#.UZ6i_-uzo8s\">Cree’s bulbs\u003c/a> for its price and light quality. But there are other options on the market, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Insignia%26%23153%3B---800-Lumen,-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb,-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White/6238358.p?id=1218725181682&skuId=6238358&ci_src=11138&AID=10474050&PID=6149596&SID=1esrwnfs4v0k7&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestbuy.com%2Fsite%2FInsignia%2526%2523153%253B---800-Lumen%2C-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb%2C-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White%2F6238358.p%3Fid%3D1218725181682%26skuId%3D6238358%26ci_src%3D11138&ref=39&CJPID=6149596&loc=01\">span the price \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B007RKVT4C/?tag=thewire06-20\">light range\u003c/a> so shop around and choose an LED bulb that works best for you.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"FeaturedImage\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you heard? Incandescent light bulbs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZik9qwSyHE&list=PLtECghye06-m4JOEiy1KA2k-PvxpfCEPh\">dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, maybe not dead. More like endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Threat: LED light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the Federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CGIQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energystar.gov%2Fia%2Fproducts%2Flighting%2Fcfls%2Fdownloads%2FEISA_Backgrounder_FINAL_4-11_EPA.pdf&ei=35-aUbeQOJPg8AT654DwDw&usg=AFQjCNHucXRwUJvDsxQ5e1ZDzyjPsg9DcQ&sig2=82EASe-w6mlhGL_u794smg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.eWU\">passed a law\u003c/a> mandating a gradual transition to more energy-efficient light bulbs. Manufacturers have already phased out 75 and 100-watt bulbs. And next January will be lights out for the old 40 and 60-watt energy hogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57210\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57210 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bulb comparison2\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Click to enlarge. Courtesy EnergyStar.gov\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out the light bulb Thomas Edison invented over 130 years ago is incredibly inefficient. It’s internal filament wire is basically a heat source that gives off light. Not bad for the 1880s, but considering \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3\">17% of the country’s total electricity consumption\u003c/a> now goes to lighting our homes and businesses, we have an opportunity to reduce our energy footprint by relying on newer, more efficient options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CFLs – those swirly looking, Compact Fluorescent Lights – are certainly more energy-efficient than incandescents, disposing them has always been an issue. CFLs contain mercury, a toxic metal, and must be properly recycled when they burn out. And if they fall and break in your home, well, the EPA has a long list of \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cfl/cleaning-broken-cfl\">cleanup precautions\u003c/a>, including turning off your central air so the toxins don’t spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bright spot in the lighting aisle comes from LED bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days LEDs can be found everywhere – flashlights, cell phones, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/5b5ad8a32d334ca9b4ab4ce55d058bd0/CA--Efficient-Street-Lights/\">street lamps \u003c/a>- \u003cem>except\u003c/em> the light fixtures in our homes. Why? Because up until now they were simply too expensive for most consumers. But that’s about to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-52009\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"8cree8\" width=\"146\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>This year Durham, North Carolina-based Cree introduced a $10, 40-watt replacement LED light bulb and a 60-watt replacement model that sells for $13. Both bulbs look and feel like incandescent bulbs, only better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you write off the LEDs because of the steep price tag, consider this: their 60-watt replacement bulb is designed to last for over 22 years. That’s \u003cem>years\u003c/em>. This translates into an estimated annual energy cost of $1.14. By comparison, a standard 60-watt incandescent bulb will burn out in about 11 months and add $7 to your annual energy bill. \u003ca href=\"http://news.consumerreports.org/home/2013/03/early-testing-of-low-cost-leds-show-promising-results.html\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> crunched the numbers and says you will make your money back with Cree’s 60-watt replacement bulb in under two years; “After that you would save $149 in energy and bulbs over its life when compared with an incandescent.” How many light bulbs do you have in your home? You do the math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the light quality, you ask? For a long time the knock against CFLs and LEDs was that they simply can’t compete with the warm, bright glow from incandescents. We conducted a little field test to see how the bulbs compare:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XvLc6VlpI8?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could you see a difference? From my perspective the light quality was pretty much the same. And I suppose that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: switching to LED bulbs is a no-brainer if you’re looking to reduce your energy consumption and your utility bill. \u003ca href=\"http://thewirecutter.com/reviews/the-best-led-lightbulb-is-the-cree-warm-white/\">Most\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/technology/personaltech/cheaper-led-bulbs-make-it-easier-to-switch-lights.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&\">reviewers\u003c/a> highlight \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/Cree-9-5-Watt-60W-A19-Warm-White-2700K-LED-Light-Bulb-1-Pack-BA19-08027OMF-12DE26-1U110/203991774#.UZ6i_-uzo8s\">Cree’s bulbs\u003c/a> for its price and light quality. But there are other options on the market, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Insignia%26%23153%3B---800-Lumen,-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb,-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White/6238358.p?id=1218725181682&skuId=6238358&ci_src=11138&AID=10474050&PID=6149596&SID=1esrwnfs4v0k7&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestbuy.com%2Fsite%2FInsignia%2526%2523153%253B---800-Lumen%2C-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb%2C-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White%2F6238358.p%3Fid%3D1218725181682%26skuId%3D6238358%26ci_src%3D11138&ref=39&CJPID=6149596&loc=01\">span the price \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B007RKVT4C/?tag=thewire06-20\">light range\u003c/a> so shop around and choose an LED bulb that works best for you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-56673 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg\" alt=\"Living Machine 045_2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse plants are used to help filter wastewater from toilets at an Oberlin College building.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the small liberal arts campus of Oberlin College in Northeast Ohio, you would expect to see some funky hairdos, a smattering of fixed-gear bikes, and certainly some people strolling barefoot to class. But you might not expect to find their bathroom stalls peppered with “Poop Haikus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://buildingdashboard.net/oberlin/ajlc/#/oberlin/ajlc////\">Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies\u003c/a>, musings on human excrement dominate the toilet landscape.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-033-e1371132935788.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-56672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-033-e1371132935788-233x169.jpg\" alt=\"Living Machine 033\" width=\"233\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">One student writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>“Normally I hate\u003cbr>\nPooping in a public place\u003cbr>\nHere I feel proud”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Why the sense of pride? Because the building is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingmachines.com/About-Living-Machine/Water-Reuse.aspx\">Living Machine\u003c/a>. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">It’s an in-house wastewater treatment and reuse system that mimics the processes of natural wetlands. Student (and faculty) poop fuels the machine, and the water used to flush it down is recycled over and over, after passing through an elaborate cleaning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">An \u003ca href=\"http://buildingdashboard.net/oberlin/ajlc/#/oberlin/ajlc////\">electronic dashboard\u003c/a> displays the amount of recycled vs. city water used at any given moment in the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I toured “the machine” with biologist John Peterson and building manager Sean Hayes. We set out to follow the flush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first stop is an underground tank, full of—you guessed it—poop.“I think I just saw something coming in!” exclaimed Peterson after lifting the lid of the tank, and Hayes crouched down to confirm the turd sighting. This first tank is where the anaerobic action happens—microbes that don’t dig oxygen live here and start breaking down and converting the organic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the sludge travels to another underground tank, this one with a bubbler that aerates the system. A different set of bacteria hang out here and greedily munch on the carbs and proteins, further breaking down the mess. They’re also helping convert a key element, nitrogen, into a plant-friendly form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56725\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-054.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-56725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-054-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist John Peterson describes how the tropical plants suck up nitrogen and house beneficial bacteria in their roots. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist John Peterson describes how the tropical plants suck up nitrogen and house beneficial bacteria in their roots.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After this, the mixture heads indoors, into a series of open tanks in a greenhouse. You can watch the greenhouse live on a \u003ca href=\"http://buildingdashboard.net/oberlin/ajlc/#/oberlin/ajlc////\">webcam\u003c/a> (though I can’t say it’s compelling television). Big tropical plants sprout from the tanks; Calla Lilies are in bloom during my visit. The plants suck up nitrogen and their roots house more beneficial bacteria. In addition to burning up organic matter and removing pathogens, it’s important for \u003ca href=\"http://water.worldbank.org/shw-resource-guide/infrastructure/menu-technical-options/wastewater-treatment\">wastewater treatment\u003c/a> schemes to remove nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which if released into the environment, contribute to harmful \u003ca href=\"http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Centers/HABS/faqs_causes_habs.html\">algal blooms.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next stop is a gurgle through the clarifier basin—where the sludge settles and is sent back to the underground tanks to keep the microbe levels high—and then the clear water is piped underneath the gravel bed of the greenhouse. This is referred to as the “marsh.” Here, more anaerobic microbes finish the cleaning job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a toilet needs refilling—or the landscaping needs watering—the clean, treated water is passed through an ultraviolet light to kill any lingering pathogens, and then it’s put into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The water in the building’s toilets is slightly brown, but Peterson says it’s cleaner than much of the world’s drinking water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water in the building’s toilets is slightly brown, but Peterson says it’s cleaner than much of the world’s drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Living Machine technology was invented by biologist John Todd in the late nineties (\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2013/04/29/john-todd-living-machines-lecture/\">hear\u003c/a> him talk about it), and versions of it are now in place in several buildings across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The usefulness of the technology here in Oberlin, where water isn’t scarce, is less about its practical benefits and more about the educational ones. Local schools organize field trips to see the machine at work, and college students organize campaigns to promote on-campus pooping. Even internet gazers get involved with interactive tools and webcams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It introduces the concept of internal recycling and systems-thinking, says Peterson. “It challenges people to think: what’s waste vs. what’s resource?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson says coming to this building is an experience—an experience that starts with a trip to the bathroom. As a friend of mine who had visited the campus proudly told me, “Yep, I made a contribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore a waterless way to deal with human excrement: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/composting-toilet1.htm\">\u003cem>the composting toilet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-56673 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg\" alt=\"Living Machine 045_2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-045_21-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse plants are used to help filter wastewater from toilets at an Oberlin College building.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the small liberal arts campus of Oberlin College in Northeast Ohio, you would expect to see some funky hairdos, a smattering of fixed-gear bikes, and certainly some people strolling barefoot to class. But you might not expect to find their bathroom stalls peppered with “Poop Haikus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://buildingdashboard.net/oberlin/ajlc/#/oberlin/ajlc////\">Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies\u003c/a>, musings on human excrement dominate the toilet landscape.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-033-e1371132935788.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-56672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-033-e1371132935788-233x169.jpg\" alt=\"Living Machine 033\" width=\"233\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">One student writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>“Normally I hate\u003cbr>\nPooping in a public place\u003cbr>\nHere I feel proud”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Why the sense of pride? Because the building is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingmachines.com/About-Living-Machine/Water-Reuse.aspx\">Living Machine\u003c/a>. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">It’s an in-house wastewater treatment and reuse system that mimics the processes of natural wetlands. Student (and faculty) poop fuels the machine, and the water used to flush it down is recycled over and over, after passing through an elaborate cleaning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">An \u003ca href=\"http://buildingdashboard.net/oberlin/ajlc/#/oberlin/ajlc////\">electronic dashboard\u003c/a> displays the amount of recycled vs. city water used at any given moment in the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I toured “the machine” with biologist John Peterson and building manager Sean Hayes. We set out to follow the flush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first stop is an underground tank, full of—you guessed it—poop.“I think I just saw something coming in!” exclaimed Peterson after lifting the lid of the tank, and Hayes crouched down to confirm the turd sighting. This first tank is where the anaerobic action happens—microbes that don’t dig oxygen live here and start breaking down and converting the organic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the sludge travels to another underground tank, this one with a bubbler that aerates the system. A different set of bacteria hang out here and greedily munch on the carbs and proteins, further breaking down the mess. They’re also helping convert a key element, nitrogen, into a plant-friendly form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56725\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-054.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-56725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Living-Machine-054-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist John Peterson describes how the tropical plants suck up nitrogen and house beneficial bacteria in their roots. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist John Peterson describes how the tropical plants suck up nitrogen and house beneficial bacteria in their roots.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After this, the mixture heads indoors, into a series of open tanks in a greenhouse. 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This is referred to as the “marsh.” Here, more anaerobic microbes finish the cleaning job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a toilet needs refilling—or the landscaping needs watering—the clean, treated water is passed through an ultraviolet light to kill any lingering pathogens, and then it’s put into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The water in the building’s toilets is slightly brown, but Peterson says it’s cleaner than much of the world’s drinking water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water in the building’s toilets is slightly brown, but Peterson says it’s cleaner than much of the world’s drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Living Machine technology was invented by biologist John Todd in the late nineties (\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2013/04/29/john-todd-living-machines-lecture/\">hear\u003c/a> him talk about it), and versions of it are now in place in several buildings across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The usefulness of the technology here in Oberlin, where water isn’t scarce, is less about its practical benefits and more about the educational ones. 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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto based electric car maker, Tesla, has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes. The auto maker is trying to address one of the obstacles to electric car adoption: fears of limited driving range. Tesla cars can travel a maximum of 300 miles before needing a recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a packed event in Los Angeles Thursday, CEO Elon Musk announced that Tesla will roll out battery swapping stations later this year along the drive between Los Angeles and San Francisco and the Washington to Boston corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric cars have been a hard sell due to their high price, limited driving range and lack of public charging infrastructure. Musk says a battery pack swap will take about as long and cost about as much as filling up a 15-gallon gas tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who swap their battery packs will reclaim their original battery on their return trip, kind of like renting a pair of skis. The new battery stations will be built next to the company's fast chargers which will charge up a Tesla battery in less than thirty minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla's announcement comes just a month after Silicon Valley based, A Better Place, an electric car battery swapping business, declared bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5V0vL3nnHY]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto based electric car maker, Tesla, has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes. The auto maker is trying to address one of the obstacles to electric car adoption: fears of limited driving range. Tesla cars can travel a maximum of 300 miles before needing a recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a packed event in Los Angeles Thursday, CEO Elon Musk announced that Tesla will roll out battery swapping stations later this year along the drive between Los Angeles and San Francisco and the Washington to Boston corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric cars have been a hard sell due to their high price, limited driving range and lack of public charging infrastructure. Musk says a battery pack swap will take about as long and cost about as much as filling up a 15-gallon gas tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who swap their battery packs will reclaim their original battery on their return trip, kind of like renting a pair of skis. The new battery stations will be built next to the company's fast chargers which will charge up a Tesla battery in less than thirty minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla's announcement comes just a month after Silicon Valley based, A Better Place, an electric car battery swapping business, declared bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Work Begins on Largest Dam Removal Project in California History",
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"content": "\u003cp>CARMEL VALLEY -- A ceremonial groundbreaking in Carmel Valley on Friday marks the beginning of the end for the 92-year-old San Clemente Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanclementedamremoval.org/\">dam removal project\u003c/a> in California history comes nearly 20 years after state inspectors declared the 106-foot-tall concrete structure unsafe and at risk of collapse in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an earthquake were to cause it to have any breaks it would collapse quickly,” said Trish Chapman, regional manager for the state \u003ca href=\"http://coastalconservancy.org/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, which is helping fund the $84 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most dams, the reservoir has accumulated sediment over the years, so much that it’s now 95 percent silted up and no longer provides water to the Monterey Peninsula. Altogether, 2.5 million cubic yards of sand, gravel and other sediment – enough to fill 767 Olympic swimming pools – has piled up behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg\" alt=\"steelhead trout\" width=\"800\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-400x442.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-1180x1305.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-960x1062.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amwater.com/caaw/\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, based in Coronado, will pay $49 million toward the project, funded through rate increases on Monterey water customers that amount to about $2.55 a month for average residential users over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam demolition “is a similar situation to how you plan for decommissioning a nuclear plant,” said California American Water President Robert MacLean. “It’s a matter of ‘when’ not ‘if.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only will 1,500 homes and structures downstream be safer after the three-year project is completed, but removing the dam also will help restore habitat for red-legged frogs and steelhead trout whose numbers have plummeted in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trout population that numbered 1,350 in 1965 has dwindled to 249 this year, in part because the dam blocks the fish’s migration to and from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited because we’ve been relocating these frogs and fish—now we’re going to let nature take over and let her do what she does best,” said Brian Stranko, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, which contributed $1 million to the removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the project, construction crews will permanently reroute the Carmel River for about half a mile around the sediment, then tear the dam down over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57056 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-800x716.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-400x358.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project, which also received some funding from federal grants, is being watched as a possible model for other dam removals across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of where the community came together and recognized there is a reason why people and river would benefit from taking [the dam] down,” said William Irvin, president of \u003ca href=\"www.americanrivers.org/%E2%80%8E\">American Rivers\u003c/a>, an environmental group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest dam removal project in the country was the demolition of the 108-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam\u003c/a> and the 210-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/removal-of-the-glines-canyon-dam.htm\">Glines Canyon Dam\u003c/a> near Port Angeles, Washington, a project that began in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That demolition released more than 24 million cubic yards of silt and other debris downstream. Ecologists are still waiting to find out how it will affect fish and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvin said that projects like the San Clemente are part of a broader movement, one that favors dam removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are approximately 79,000 dams in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil\">Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a>. Thousands of them are obsolete, silted up or otherwise suited for removal, although finding the funding to remove them and figuring out what to do with the millions of tons of sediment behind them often pose major challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a while we were building dams all the time, but our understanding of rivers has evolved and we know the value of them,” Irvin said. “It’s a golden age for river restoration and we’re just at the beginning of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>CARMEL VALLEY -- A ceremonial groundbreaking in Carmel Valley on Friday marks the beginning of the end for the 92-year-old San Clemente Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanclementedamremoval.org/\">dam removal project\u003c/a> in California history comes nearly 20 years after state inspectors declared the 106-foot-tall concrete structure unsafe and at risk of collapse in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an earthquake were to cause it to have any breaks it would collapse quickly,” said Trish Chapman, regional manager for the state \u003ca href=\"http://coastalconservancy.org/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, which is helping fund the $84 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most dams, the reservoir has accumulated sediment over the years, so much that it’s now 95 percent silted up and no longer provides water to the Monterey Peninsula. Altogether, 2.5 million cubic yards of sand, gravel and other sediment – enough to fill 767 Olympic swimming pools – has piled up behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg\" alt=\"steelhead trout\" width=\"800\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-400x442.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-1180x1305.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-960x1062.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amwater.com/caaw/\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, based in Coronado, will pay $49 million toward the project, funded through rate increases on Monterey water customers that amount to about $2.55 a month for average residential users over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam demolition “is a similar situation to how you plan for decommissioning a nuclear plant,” said California American Water President Robert MacLean. “It’s a matter of ‘when’ not ‘if.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only will 1,500 homes and structures downstream be safer after the three-year project is completed, but removing the dam also will help restore habitat for red-legged frogs and steelhead trout whose numbers have plummeted in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trout population that numbered 1,350 in 1965 has dwindled to 249 this year, in part because the dam blocks the fish’s migration to and from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited because we’ve been relocating these frogs and fish—now we’re going to let nature take over and let her do what she does best,” said Brian Stranko, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, which contributed $1 million to the removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the project, construction crews will permanently reroute the Carmel River for about half a mile around the sediment, then tear the dam down over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57056 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-800x716.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-400x358.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project, which also received some funding from federal grants, is being watched as a possible model for other dam removals across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of where the community came together and recognized there is a reason why people and river would benefit from taking [the dam] down,” said William Irvin, president of \u003ca href=\"www.americanrivers.org/%E2%80%8E\">American Rivers\u003c/a>, an environmental group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest dam removal project in the country was the demolition of the 108-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam\u003c/a> and the 210-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/removal-of-the-glines-canyon-dam.htm\">Glines Canyon Dam\u003c/a> near Port Angeles, Washington, a project that began in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That demolition released more than 24 million cubic yards of silt and other debris downstream. Ecologists are still waiting to find out how it will affect fish and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvin said that projects like the San Clemente are part of a broader movement, one that favors dam removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are approximately 79,000 dams in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil\">Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a>. Thousands of them are obsolete, silted up or otherwise suited for removal, although finding the funding to remove them and figuring out what to do with the millions of tons of sediment behind them often pose major challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a while we were building dams all the time, but our understanding of rivers has evolved and we know the value of them,” Irvin said. “It’s a golden age for river restoration and we’re just at the beginning of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Green Side of Drones: Science and Environmental Apps Abound",
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"content": "\u003cp>It appears that “drones” are here to stay. And Silicon Valley drone makers are going beyond military and spy applications, creating new environmental uses for unmanned aerial vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday afternoons, you’ll usually find Chris Anderson out by the Berkeley Marina, tinkering with his squadron of drones. Looking up at the sky as one of his creations buzzes about, he can’t help blurting out, \"So that’s just freakin’ cool, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Anderson, this is serious stuff. He quit his job as editor-in-chief of Wired Magazine to build \u003ca href=\"http://3drobotics.com/\">3D Robotics\u003c/a>. The do-it-yourself drone company based in San Diego, won’t do military projects. That's part of a compact it has with about 40 thousand developers in its \u003ca href=\"http://diydrones.com/\">online community\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few of them are here today, testing a 2-pound fixed-wing airplane that’s carrying a pocket-sized near-infrared camera, which is nothing more than a regular point-and-shoot model, with the plastic filter popped off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our eyes are like the worst eyes in the animal kingdom,” Anderson says. “The cameras have been sort of crippled, to resemble the human eye. So we ‘un-cripple’ these cameras, to see the world the way an insect would see it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpMn1-qgGQo\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Photo: Systems Program, UC Berkeley Engineering \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This mini-airplane with a 2-and-half foot wingspan is different from conventional remote-controlled planes because it’s flying without a human operator. It’s following GPS coordinates plugged in before take-off. Other drones track moving objects on the ground using sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more autonomous, the more drone-like they are,\" Anderson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drone darts back and forth in a lawnmower pattern, 150 feet above the grass. It’s reporting its position to a laptop, and snapping pictures to stitch together a high-resolution map of the marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That image may not be something the world desperately needs but Anderson says farmers could use this kind of data gathering and image processing for crop surveys, to figure out what plants need water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A healthy plant will absorb the red light, but reflect the infrared,” he explains. “But as chlorophyll is damaged, it'll start to reflect the red as well. So the ratio of the infrared and the red tells you the health of the plant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application isn’t quite ready to go wheels-up. Anderson is still working on getting his drones to tell up from down. The accelerators, the gyroscopes, the magnetometers and GPS have to get better at correcting each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, it's illegal to fly drones for profit. The Federal Aviation Administration is expected to issue regulations by 2015. Anderson points out that a camera on a drone is far more regulated than the one in his iPhone. \"We've seen what camera phones have done to spread cameras everywhere, except for in the sky. The sky's empty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 415px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/3D-GPS-waypoints.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-56016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/3D-GPS-waypoints-415x253.jpg\" alt=\"This drone above the Berkeley Marina follows GPS coordinates and takes pictures at specified points to create a terrestrial map. Photo courtesy of 3D Robotics\" width=\"415\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This drone above the Berkeley Marina follows GPS coordinates and takes pictures at specified points to create a terrestrial map. Photo: 3D Robotics\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unforeseen Issues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley technology forecaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.saffo.com/\">Paul Saffo\u003c/a> says one man’s drone utopia could be another’s dystopia. \"There are going to be people upset enough by these drones, that they're going to figure out counter-measures,” he predicts, “whether it's shining lasers into their sensor systems, or perhaps a shotgun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drones could be used for \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/28/uvs-avia/\">search and rescue\u003c/a>, to \u003ca href=\"http://opencanada.org/features/the-think-tank/essays/the-case-for-humanitarian-drones/\">drop medicine in remote villages\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2012/06/18/looking-for-debris-from-the-sky/\">to scout debris from tsunamis\u003c/a>, or to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/25/179017548/from-battle-to-birds-drones-get-second-life-counting-critters\">count wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental and scientific uses may end up \u003cstrong>not\u003c/strong> being the most popular. Saffo says drones could also be the next killer app for police spying on homes and teenage boys peeking into the girls' locker room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already signs of civilian conflict. The animal rights group PETA is \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/11/us/animal-rights-drones\">shopping for drones\u003c/a> to prevent illegal hunting while hunters \u003ca href=\"http://westernfarmpress.com/blog/peta-drones-trophy-prize-us-hunters\">vow to shoot down\u003c/a> those eyes in the sky. Lawmakers in California and other states that embrace self-driving cars are \u003ca href=\"http://legiscan.com/CA/bill/SB15\">drafting bills\u003c/a> to limit self-driving aerial vehicles, out of privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saffo isn't convinced just yet that privacy will emerge as the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>main issue. He likens the current state of drones to when automobiles first arrived a century ago. “There were cities that required somebody walking in front of the automobile with a red flag, warning off horses and riders,” he recounted. “Turned out that wasn’t an issue. But traffic jams were an issue, and nobody imagined traffic jams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Low-Cost Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raja Sengupta is the go-to drones professor at \u003ca href=\"http://c3uv.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley’s engineering school\u003c/a>. On a recent day, he and three of his students gathered at Oakland’s Lake Merritt, to test a small drone that could help merchant ships avoid collisions with whales or icebergs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just imagine if the Titanic had had a drone in front of it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengupta gets to skirt some of the tough issues like privacy, by taking his drones out to sea. His team did a project with Shell Oil using drones last year. Sengupta says drones could save oil companies a lot of money. “As I understand it, they pay people to sit in Cessnas and fly around and count whales,” he tells me, then adds, “I mean, this is some part of the money we are putting into the gas tank.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leading industry group estimates that drones will generate \u003ca href=\"http://www.auvsi.org/econreport\">$82 billion and 100,000 jobs\u003c/a> in the decade after they go commercial. Sengupata says the more important number may be the cost of building a drone. It's relatively cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His student Hao Chen mounts a digital camera on a small, beat-up drone made of ice cream sticks and Styrofoam. “This whole thing is probably about 600 or 700 hundred dollars,” Chen estimates. And Sengupta estimates the data it collects is worth five thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen programs GPS coordinates into the drone and it takes off over the lake. Geese flutter away, sounding frazzled. And in two minutes, the drone vanishes. It’s completely out of sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately it’s a very harmless drone,” Sengupta laughs. “It has no weapons system on it. It’s nothing like President Obama’s drones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can sort of see the drone's position on Google maps. It's stuck in a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Science Foundation, which has invested $25 million in drone science over the last five years, gave Sengupta an NSF-sponsored graduate student. He climbs the tree to rescue the drone, as though it were a stranded cat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengupta keeps laughing, \"This is exactly the kind of doctoral student one wants -- does everything from solving a differential equation to climbing a tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The propeller is broken. But the pictures -- the data -- survived. Sengupta says that's proof civilian drones will take off: crashing doesn't put a deep dent in anyone's wallet.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Drone enthusiasts in Silicon Valley are going beyond military and spy applications, exploring new uses for science and the environment.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It appears that “drones” are here to stay. And Silicon Valley drone makers are going beyond military and spy applications, creating new environmental uses for unmanned aerial vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday afternoons, you’ll usually find Chris Anderson out by the Berkeley Marina, tinkering with his squadron of drones. Looking up at the sky as one of his creations buzzes about, he can’t help blurting out, \"So that’s just freakin’ cool, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Anderson, this is serious stuff. He quit his job as editor-in-chief of Wired Magazine to build \u003ca href=\"http://3drobotics.com/\">3D Robotics\u003c/a>. The do-it-yourself drone company based in San Diego, won’t do military projects. That's part of a compact it has with about 40 thousand developers in its \u003ca href=\"http://diydrones.com/\">online community\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few of them are here today, testing a 2-pound fixed-wing airplane that’s carrying a pocket-sized near-infrared camera, which is nothing more than a regular point-and-shoot model, with the plastic filter popped off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our eyes are like the worst eyes in the animal kingdom,” Anderson says. “The cameras have been sort of crippled, to resemble the human eye. So we ‘un-cripple’ these cameras, to see the world the way an insect would see it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpMn1-qgGQo\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Photo: Systems Program, UC Berkeley Engineering \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This mini-airplane with a 2-and-half foot wingspan is different from conventional remote-controlled planes because it’s flying without a human operator. It’s following GPS coordinates plugged in before take-off. Other drones track moving objects on the ground using sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more autonomous, the more drone-like they are,\" Anderson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drone darts back and forth in a lawnmower pattern, 150 feet above the grass. It’s reporting its position to a laptop, and snapping pictures to stitch together a high-resolution map of the marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That image may not be something the world desperately needs but Anderson says farmers could use this kind of data gathering and image processing for crop surveys, to figure out what plants need water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A healthy plant will absorb the red light, but reflect the infrared,” he explains. “But as chlorophyll is damaged, it'll start to reflect the red as well. So the ratio of the infrared and the red tells you the health of the plant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application isn’t quite ready to go wheels-up. Anderson is still working on getting his drones to tell up from down. The accelerators, the gyroscopes, the magnetometers and GPS have to get better at correcting each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, it's illegal to fly drones for profit. The Federal Aviation Administration is expected to issue regulations by 2015. Anderson points out that a camera on a drone is far more regulated than the one in his iPhone. \"We've seen what camera phones have done to spread cameras everywhere, except for in the sky. The sky's empty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 415px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/3D-GPS-waypoints.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-56016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/3D-GPS-waypoints-415x253.jpg\" alt=\"This drone above the Berkeley Marina follows GPS coordinates and takes pictures at specified points to create a terrestrial map. Photo courtesy of 3D Robotics\" width=\"415\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This drone above the Berkeley Marina follows GPS coordinates and takes pictures at specified points to create a terrestrial map. Photo: 3D Robotics\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unforeseen Issues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley technology forecaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.saffo.com/\">Paul Saffo\u003c/a> says one man’s drone utopia could be another’s dystopia. \"There are going to be people upset enough by these drones, that they're going to figure out counter-measures,” he predicts, “whether it's shining lasers into their sensor systems, or perhaps a shotgun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drones could be used for \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/28/uvs-avia/\">search and rescue\u003c/a>, to \u003ca href=\"http://opencanada.org/features/the-think-tank/essays/the-case-for-humanitarian-drones/\">drop medicine in remote villages\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2012/06/18/looking-for-debris-from-the-sky/\">to scout debris from tsunamis\u003c/a>, or to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/25/179017548/from-battle-to-birds-drones-get-second-life-counting-critters\">count wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental and scientific uses may end up \u003cstrong>not\u003c/strong> being the most popular. Saffo says drones could also be the next killer app for police spying on homes and teenage boys peeking into the girls' locker room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already signs of civilian conflict. The animal rights group PETA is \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/11/us/animal-rights-drones\">shopping for drones\u003c/a> to prevent illegal hunting while hunters \u003ca href=\"http://westernfarmpress.com/blog/peta-drones-trophy-prize-us-hunters\">vow to shoot down\u003c/a> those eyes in the sky. Lawmakers in California and other states that embrace self-driving cars are \u003ca href=\"http://legiscan.com/CA/bill/SB15\">drafting bills\u003c/a> to limit self-driving aerial vehicles, out of privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saffo isn't convinced just yet that privacy will emerge as the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>main issue. He likens the current state of drones to when automobiles first arrived a century ago. “There were cities that required somebody walking in front of the automobile with a red flag, warning off horses and riders,” he recounted. “Turned out that wasn’t an issue. But traffic jams were an issue, and nobody imagined traffic jams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Low-Cost Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raja Sengupta is the go-to drones professor at \u003ca href=\"http://c3uv.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley’s engineering school\u003c/a>. On a recent day, he and three of his students gathered at Oakland’s Lake Merritt, to test a small drone that could help merchant ships avoid collisions with whales or icebergs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just imagine if the Titanic had had a drone in front of it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengupta gets to skirt some of the tough issues like privacy, by taking his drones out to sea. His team did a project with Shell Oil using drones last year. Sengupta says drones could save oil companies a lot of money. “As I understand it, they pay people to sit in Cessnas and fly around and count whales,” he tells me, then adds, “I mean, this is some part of the money we are putting into the gas tank.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leading industry group estimates that drones will generate \u003ca href=\"http://www.auvsi.org/econreport\">$82 billion and 100,000 jobs\u003c/a> in the decade after they go commercial. Sengupata says the more important number may be the cost of building a drone. It's relatively cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His student Hao Chen mounts a digital camera on a small, beat-up drone made of ice cream sticks and Styrofoam. “This whole thing is probably about 600 or 700 hundred dollars,” Chen estimates. And Sengupta estimates the data it collects is worth five thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen programs GPS coordinates into the drone and it takes off over the lake. Geese flutter away, sounding frazzled. And in two minutes, the drone vanishes. It’s completely out of sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately it’s a very harmless drone,” Sengupta laughs. “It has no weapons system on it. It’s nothing like President Obama’s drones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can sort of see the drone's position on Google maps. It's stuck in a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Science Foundation, which has invested $25 million in drone science over the last five years, gave Sengupta an NSF-sponsored graduate student. He climbs the tree to rescue the drone, as though it were a stranded cat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengupta keeps laughing, \"This is exactly the kind of doctoral student one wants -- does everything from solving a differential equation to climbing a tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Recycling a House",
"title": "Recycling a House",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Construction companies in the Rustbelt tackle the problem of old, abandoned houses with a new vision for recycling; board by board and brick by brick.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
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