window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"quest_33253": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_33253",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "33253",
"found": true
},
"parent": 33245,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-400x231.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 231
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 369
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-11-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1331838929,
"modified": 1331838929,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "316A_Algae OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09 Still Image Originals (1)",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_32841": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_32841",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32841",
"found": true
},
"parent": 32774,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-400x250.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-639x372.jpg",
"width": 639,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585.jpg",
"width": 639,
"height": 400
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-e1331597063585-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1331595213,
"modified": 1331595213,
"caption": "In this conventional oven, the baking bread is surrounded by hot air, which lends it its crispy crust.",
"description": null,
"title": "bread-baking",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_32587": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_32587",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32587",
"found": true
},
"parent": 32568,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-400x200.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 200
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-960x480.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 480
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo.png",
"width": 1600,
"height": 800
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-1440x720.png",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 720
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-800x400.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 400
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-1180x590.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 590
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-75x75.png",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1331245481,
"modified": 1331245481,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "phylo",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_32589": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_32589",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32589",
"found": true
},
"parent": 32581,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1331245655,
"modified": 1331245655,
"caption": "Tsunami warning sign near Santa Cruz, CA. ",
"description": "photo by Amy Standen",
"title": "warning_sign",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_30913": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_30913",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30913",
"found": true
},
"parent": 30909,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-400x225.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize.png",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-75x75.png",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1329521243,
"modified": 1329521243,
"caption": "Photo Wikimedia Commons",
"description": null,
"title": "plant resize",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_26551": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_26551",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "26551",
"found": true
},
"parent": 26549,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1319850333,
"modified": 1319850333,
"caption": "NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, also known as SOFIA. (Photo: NASA)",
"description": null,
"title": "NASA-Sofia",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_30424": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_30424",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30424",
"found": true
},
"parent": 30411,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1328901607,
"modified": 1328901607,
"caption": "A test patch of pavement at the UC Pavement Research Center. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Pavement",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_30015": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_30015",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30015",
"found": true
},
"parent": 30013,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-400x200.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 200
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 320
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1328030895,
"modified": 1328030895,
"caption": "Photo by Sarah Deragon, PortraitsToThePeople",
"description": null,
"title": "smitten 2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_29972": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_29972",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "29972",
"found": true
},
"parent": 29849,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-640x372.jpg",
"width": 640,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 480
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1327733731,
"modified": 1327733731,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "xray",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"amystanden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "210",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "210",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amy Standen",
"firstName": "Amy",
"lastName": "Standen",
"slug": "amystanden",
"email": "astanden@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amy Standen | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/amystanden"
},
"andrea-kissack": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "212",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "212",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andrea Kissack",
"firstName": "Andrea",
"lastName": "Kissack",
"slug": "andrea-kissack",
"email": "akissack@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Andrea has nearly three decades of experience working as a reporter, anchor, producer and editor for public radio, large market television news and CBS radio. In her current role as KQED’s Sr. Science Editor, Andrea helps lead a talented team covering science, technology, health and the environment for broadcast and digital platforms. Most recently she helped KQED launch a new, multimedia initiative covering the intersection of technology, health and medical science. She has earned a number of accolades for her work including awards from the Radio and Television News Directors Association, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Associated Press. Her work can be seen, and heard, on a number of networks, Including NPR, PBS, CBS and the BBC.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "andreakissack",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"add_users",
"create_users",
"edit_files",
"edit_users",
"level_10",
"level_8",
"level_9",
"promote_users",
"view_cimy_extra_fields",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andrea Kissack | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andrea-kissack"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"cat": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10173",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10173",
"found": true
},
"name": "Cat",
"firstName": "Cat",
"lastName": "Aboudara",
"slug": "cat",
"email": "caboudara@calacademy.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Cathleen (Cat) is the former \u003cstrong>Special Projects Manager at California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong> and worked in the public programs division.\r\nBefore working at the Academy, Cat got her start as an intern at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlife-museum.org/\">Lindsay Wildlife Museum\u003c/a> for four years and worked with animals ranging from snakes and hawks to foxes and bobcats. She has a deep curiosity about the natural world and native California wildlife.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Cat | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1db01bf4502e099faeb0628c5015e81f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cat"
},
"robin-marks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10191",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10191",
"found": true
},
"name": "Robin Marks",
"firstName": "Robin",
"lastName": "Marks",
"slug": "robin-marks",
"email": "iggybird@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Robin Marks is the owner and operator of Discovery Street Tours, which offers science-themed walking tours in San Francisco. She is also a long-time science writer, and president of the Northern California Science Writers' Association. She loves to climb big hills, investigate tidbits of everyday life, and do chemistry experiments with her food.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3f3ea273a2c86b42cd845469d429430e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_private_pages",
"edit_private_posts",
"edit_published_pages",
"edit_published_posts",
"publish_posts",
"read_private_pages",
"read_private_posts",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"upload_files",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Robin Marks | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3f3ea273a2c86b42cd845469d429430e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3f3ea273a2c86b42cd845469d429430e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/robin-marks"
},
"melissaefellet": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10331",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10331",
"found": true
},
"name": "Melissae Fellet",
"firstName": "Melissae",
"lastName": "Fellet",
"slug": "melissaefellet",
"email": "melissae.fellet@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Melissae Fellet is a freelance science writer obsessed with electrons, atoms and molecules. Writing about chemistry, physics and technology, she hopes to reveal how the invisible building blocks of matter influence things like plastics, perfumed shampoos and the speedy computer chips we use everyday. She holds a BS in biochemistry and microbiology from the University of Florida and a PhD in chemistry from Washington University in St. Louis. She spends sunny days at her home in Santa Cruz either watching otters in the bay or tromping around the redwood forests.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Melissae Fellet | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/melissaefellet"
},
"kamal": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10345",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10345",
"found": true
},
"name": "Kamal Menghrajani",
"firstName": "Kamal",
"lastName": "Menghrajani",
"slug": "kamal",
"email": "kamal@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Kamal Menghrajani reports and blogs on issues related to health and science. She has previously worked for the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute, as well as with several organizations involved in global health, including Save the Children and the United Nations. She is currently in her fourth year of medical school and plans to practice in areas related to oncology and public health.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e619f988afc7d75e30290d715bb384a5?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Kamal Menghrajani | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e619f988afc7d75e30290d715bb384a5?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e619f988afc7d75e30290d715bb384a5?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kamal"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"quest_category_engineering": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "8",
"score": 12.796165
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Engineering",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "quest",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 14
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/quest?category=engineering",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 14
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"quest_33245": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_33245",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "33245",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1332000008000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 3357
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1332000008,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Feds Pay For Out-of-the-Box Energy Ideas",
"title": "Feds Pay For Out-of-the-Box Energy Ideas",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-19-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33252\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-33252\" title=\"Renewable Oil From Algae\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-1-293x169.jpg\" alt=\"Renewable Oil From Algae\" width=\"293\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Renewable Oil From Algae\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As gas prices continue to rise, alternative fuels are getting renewed attention. And that’s where the government’s biggest incubator in clean energy comes in. Like \u003ca href=\"http://www.darpa.mil/\">DARPA\u003c/a> does for military technology, \"\u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">ARPA-E\u003c/a>\" funds early stage, high-risk research. It has a more cumbersome name, \"Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is looking for the next Google in clean technology and it may come from innovations such as \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/ProgramsProjects/IMPACCT/CryogenicCarbonCapture.aspx\">cryogenic carbon capture for coal plants\u003c/a> or transportation fuels from algae. QUEST’s Andrea Kissack talks with Arun Majumdar, former deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who now heads up ARPA-E, about the long path toward a clean energy future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Majumdar says ARPA-E is pre-venture, early research and describes some projects the agency is funding that show great promise, including advances in electric car battery research at two Bay Area start ups and promising biofuels research in Colorado. Majumdar is also the second man at the Department of Energy and credits the \u003ca href=\"http://www.recovery.gov/About/Pages/The_Act.aspx\">Recovery Act\u003c/a> for adding new jobs and helping jump start already existing technologies. The \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">DOE\u003c/a>, however, has been under attack since solar manufacturer Solyndra filed for bankrupcy. Majumdar talks about the federal loan guarantee program and also responds to possible trade sanctions on solar panels coming from China. Finally, he discusses the big breakthroughs needed to make cleaner energy viable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "33245 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=33245",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/17/feds-pay-for-out-of-the-box-energy-ideas/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 251,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1367348496,
"excerpt": "Did you know the federal government has a clean tech venture fund? QUEST talks with the head of the program, ARPA- E, about some potentially transformational energy ideas. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Did you know the federal government has a clean tech venture fund? QUEST talks with the head of the program, ARPA- E, about some potentially transformational energy ideas. ",
"title": "Feds Pay For Out-of-the-Box Energy Ideas | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Feds Pay For Out-of-the-Box Energy Ideas",
"datePublished": "2012-03-17T09:00:08-07:00",
"dateModified": "2013-04-30T12:01:36-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "feds-pay-for-out-of-the-box-energy-ideas",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/33245/feds-pay-for-out-of-the-box-energy-ideas",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-19-quest.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-19-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33252\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-33252\" title=\"Renewable Oil From Algae\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/316A_Algae-OriginOil_GQ_2-28-09-Still-Image-Originals-1-293x169.jpg\" alt=\"Renewable Oil From Algae\" width=\"293\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Renewable Oil From Algae\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As gas prices continue to rise, alternative fuels are getting renewed attention. And that’s where the government’s biggest incubator in clean energy comes in. Like \u003ca href=\"http://www.darpa.mil/\">DARPA\u003c/a> does for military technology, \"\u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">ARPA-E\u003c/a>\" funds early stage, high-risk research. It has a more cumbersome name, \"Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is looking for the next Google in clean technology and it may come from innovations such as \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/ProgramsProjects/IMPACCT/CryogenicCarbonCapture.aspx\">cryogenic carbon capture for coal plants\u003c/a> or transportation fuels from algae. QUEST’s Andrea Kissack talks with Arun Majumdar, former deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who now heads up ARPA-E, about the long path toward a clean energy future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Majumdar says ARPA-E is pre-venture, early research and describes some projects the agency is funding that show great promise, including advances in electric car battery research at two Bay Area start ups and promising biofuels research in Colorado. Majumdar is also the second man at the Department of Energy and credits the \u003ca href=\"http://www.recovery.gov/About/Pages/The_Act.aspx\">Recovery Act\u003c/a> for adding new jobs and helping jump start already existing technologies. The \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">DOE\u003c/a>, however, has been under attack since solar manufacturer Solyndra filed for bankrupcy. Majumdar talks about the federal loan guarantee program and also responds to possible trade sanctions on solar panels coming from China. Finally, he discusses the big breakthroughs needed to make cleaner energy viable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/33245/feds-pay-for-out-of-the-box-energy-ideas",
"authors": [
"212"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_11765",
"quest_8",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_10848",
"quest_10849",
"quest_252",
"quest_10247",
"quest_853",
"quest_13203",
"quest_13202"
],
"collections": [
"quest_3357"
],
"featImg": "quest_33253",
"label": "quest_3357"
},
"quest_32774": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_32774",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32774",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1331597006000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 3354
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1331597006,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Science in Your Life: The Magic Microwave ",
"title": "Science in Your Life: The Magic Microwave ",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"lasagne-in-mic-640\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32842\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s lunchtime, time to get your Lean Cuisine queued up. You unwrap it, then zap it. When you take it out of the microwave, it’s boiling hot on the edges and freezing cold in the middle. You know what I’m talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you wonder: why doesn’t it heat my food like a regular oven?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a question beyond the interest of science. It carries important quality-of-life-and-lunch consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer it, let’s think about what it means to heat something. Heat is really just molecules moving around. When you get something hot, you get the molecules agitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microwaves and regular ovens have somewhat different ways of agitating food molecules (though the way they agitate cooks may be similar). A regular oven, once you’ve preheated it, is full of hot air. When you put your tasty treat inside, the heated air interacts with the cooler surface of your food and moves some of the molecules around. Over time, the molecules exposed to the surface transfer their heat energy to the molecules next to them through a process called conduction. Eventually, the heat gets conducted all the way to the center of your meal, but it takes a while, which is why you have to leave your tasty treat in the oven for what seems like forever when you’re hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/12/magic-microwave/bread-baking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32841\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-270x169.jpg\" alt=\"Bread baking in a conventional oven\" title=\"bread-baking\" width=\"270\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32841\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this conventional oven, the baking bread is surrounded by hot air, which lends it its crispy crust.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast, a microwave tickles your treat molecules with radio waves. There’s no hot air in the microwave, and it heats your food without heating anything else. If you think about it, this seems kind of weird and maybe a little magical. Here’s how it works: a hollow-barreled magnetic tube called a magnetron emits radio waves into the oven. These waves, with wavelengths of about 12 cm, bombard the water, fat, and sugar molecules in the food, and set them flip-flopping. A microwave oven can do this while using much less energy than the oven requires, and the radio waves quickly get the molecules in motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch, which also explains the bubbling-and-freezing-at-the-same-time phenomenon, is that the microwaves only penetrate about an inch or inch and a half into your tasty treat. To get the heat deeper than that, you’re relying on conduction, just like in your conventional oven. Or, as all microwave chefs know, giving your treat a stir helps shift the unheated molecules to that all-important outer inch where the action happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/12/magic-microwave/magnetron2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32859\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Magnetron2-248x169.jpg\" alt=\"Magnetron\" title=\"Magnetron2\" width=\"248\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32859\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The inside of a magnetron from a microwave, minus its magnet.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The microwaves, which are part of the same electromagnetic spectrum as visible light and X-rays, are “tuned” to a frequency that works its magic on the relatively loosely ordered molecules in your food, but that doesn’t have much effect in more solid materials like ceramics and glass. But these waves don’t penetrate all parts of your tasty treat equally, either. Water molecules, for instance, are much more readily tossed about than fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can demo this yourself: take two small, identical dishes. Put water in one and the same amount of oil in another. Heat them together in the oven for about 30-45 seconds. Which is warmer when the bell rings? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microwaves are also notorious for simply heating unevenly: you might find a pocket of much hotter lunch in your otherwise lukewarm dish. This is because, like any electromagnetic waves, microwaves bounce off of reflective surfaces (like those of the oven walls) and concentrate more in some areas than others. This is where the turntable comes in handy: it moves different parts of your food into and out of the hot spots, distributing the heating effect evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can show yourself a faint glow of this effect by using your microwave to light up an incandescent bulb. If you try your hand at this, do it carefully, and only for three seconds at a time. You’ll see the bulb light up more brightly as it moves through the hot spots, and fade a bit as it goes through the “cooler” areas. You’ll find instructions and some \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2008/06/_home_experiment_microwave_radiation.html\">explanation on the Oregonian website\u003c/a>. Or, for a little safer show, watch this video from the Discovery Channel:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"http://static.discoverymedia.com/videos/components/dsc/76e551ecf893c8de3c7381bd12911b785510be4e/snag-it-player.html?auto=no\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s plenty of other fun to be had with a microwave, and also quite a few clever and potentially hazardous experiments. For safety’s sake, I’m compelled to suggest you turn to YouTube rather than your own microwave for these. One of my favorites is this lovely \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mobileweb/2012/01/27/microwave-oven-explodes-f_n_1236574.html\">slow-motion film of foods\u003c/a> theatrically exploding in the microwave. You could try these at home, but be prepared for doing some cleanup. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "32774 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32774",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/12/magic-microwave/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 820,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://static.discoverymedia.com/videos/components/dsc/76e551ecf893c8de3c7381bd12911b785510be4e/snag-it-player.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1332966045,
"excerpt": "Why doesn’t a microwave heat my food like a regular oven?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Why doesn’t a microwave heat my food like a regular oven?",
"title": "Science in Your Life: The Magic Microwave | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Science in Your Life: The Magic Microwave ",
"datePublished": "2012-03-12T17:03:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2012-03-28T13:20:45-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "magic-microwave",
"status": "publish",
"WpOldSlug": "science-in-your-life-the-magic-microwave-4",
"path": "/quest/32774/magic-microwave",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"lasagne-in-mic-640\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32842\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/lasagne-in-mic-640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s lunchtime, time to get your Lean Cuisine queued up. You unwrap it, then zap it. When you take it out of the microwave, it’s boiling hot on the edges and freezing cold in the middle. You know what I’m talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you wonder: why doesn’t it heat my food like a regular oven?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a question beyond the interest of science. It carries important quality-of-life-and-lunch consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer it, let’s think about what it means to heat something. Heat is really just molecules moving around. When you get something hot, you get the molecules agitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microwaves and regular ovens have somewhat different ways of agitating food molecules (though the way they agitate cooks may be similar). A regular oven, once you’ve preheated it, is full of hot air. When you put your tasty treat inside, the heated air interacts with the cooler surface of your food and moves some of the molecules around. Over time, the molecules exposed to the surface transfer their heat energy to the molecules next to them through a process called conduction. Eventually, the heat gets conducted all the way to the center of your meal, but it takes a while, which is why you have to leave your tasty treat in the oven for what seems like forever when you’re hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/12/magic-microwave/bread-baking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32841\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bread-baking-270x169.jpg\" alt=\"Bread baking in a conventional oven\" title=\"bread-baking\" width=\"270\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32841\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this conventional oven, the baking bread is surrounded by hot air, which lends it its crispy crust.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast, a microwave tickles your treat molecules with radio waves. There’s no hot air in the microwave, and it heats your food without heating anything else. If you think about it, this seems kind of weird and maybe a little magical. Here’s how it works: a hollow-barreled magnetic tube called a magnetron emits radio waves into the oven. These waves, with wavelengths of about 12 cm, bombard the water, fat, and sugar molecules in the food, and set them flip-flopping. A microwave oven can do this while using much less energy than the oven requires, and the radio waves quickly get the molecules in motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch, which also explains the bubbling-and-freezing-at-the-same-time phenomenon, is that the microwaves only penetrate about an inch or inch and a half into your tasty treat. To get the heat deeper than that, you’re relying on conduction, just like in your conventional oven. Or, as all microwave chefs know, giving your treat a stir helps shift the unheated molecules to that all-important outer inch where the action happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/12/magic-microwave/magnetron2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32859\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Magnetron2-248x169.jpg\" alt=\"Magnetron\" title=\"Magnetron2\" width=\"248\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32859\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The inside of a magnetron from a microwave, minus its magnet.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The microwaves, which are part of the same electromagnetic spectrum as visible light and X-rays, are “tuned” to a frequency that works its magic on the relatively loosely ordered molecules in your food, but that doesn’t have much effect in more solid materials like ceramics and glass. But these waves don’t penetrate all parts of your tasty treat equally, either. Water molecules, for instance, are much more readily tossed about than fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can demo this yourself: take two small, identical dishes. Put water in one and the same amount of oil in another. Heat them together in the oven for about 30-45 seconds. Which is warmer when the bell rings? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microwaves are also notorious for simply heating unevenly: you might find a pocket of much hotter lunch in your otherwise lukewarm dish. This is because, like any electromagnetic waves, microwaves bounce off of reflective surfaces (like those of the oven walls) and concentrate more in some areas than others. This is where the turntable comes in handy: it moves different parts of your food into and out of the hot spots, distributing the heating effect evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can show yourself a faint glow of this effect by using your microwave to light up an incandescent bulb. If you try your hand at this, do it carefully, and only for three seconds at a time. You’ll see the bulb light up more brightly as it moves through the hot spots, and fade a bit as it goes through the “cooler” areas. You’ll find instructions and some \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2008/06/_home_experiment_microwave_radiation.html\">explanation on the Oregonian website\u003c/a>. Or, for a little safer show, watch this video from the Discovery Channel:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"http://static.discoverymedia.com/videos/components/dsc/76e551ecf893c8de3c7381bd12911b785510be4e/snag-it-player.html?auto=no\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s plenty of other fun to be had with a microwave, and also quite a few clever and potentially hazardous experiments. For safety’s sake, I’m compelled to suggest you turn to YouTube rather than your own microwave for these. One of my favorites is this lovely \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mobileweb/2012/01/27/microwave-oven-explodes-f_n_1236574.html\">slow-motion film of foods\u003c/a> theatrically exploding in the microwave. You could try these at home, but be prepared for doing some cleanup. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/32774/magic-microwave",
"authors": [
"10191"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_10786",
"quest_1122",
"quest_1334",
"quest_10784",
"quest_10785",
"quest_13202"
],
"collections": [
"quest_3354"
],
"featImg": "quest_32841",
"label": "quest_3354"
},
"quest_32568": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_32568",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32568",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1331326480000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1331326480,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Phylo: Turning Biology Puzzles Into Interactive Games",
"title": "Phylo: Turning Biology Puzzles Into Interactive Games",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"6960873861_c54bffdb62_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32748\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/officialgdc/6960873861/in/photostream\">Photo courtesy of Official GDC\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often think of medicine as hard work, but an emerging group of tech-savvy entrepreneurs is looking to re-shape people’s perspectives and turn health, and health research, into a form of play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdconf.com/\">Game Developers’ Conference\u003c/a> here in San Francisco this week, computer scientist Jérôme Waldispühl showed off a project that he and colleagues at McGill University just published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0031362\">PLoS ONE\u003c/a>. (KQED QUEST blogger \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/a> wrote about this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/12/gaming-to-understand-disease/\">game\u003c/a> in December.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called Phylo, and it turns the puzzles of biology into a game anyone can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phylo takes a fresh approach to sorting through the data produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/10001772\">Human Genome Project\u003c/a>, some three billion bits that spell out the instructions for how to make and maintain a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are continuously looking through this genetic code to search for genes that may make us susceptible to a particular disease. Finding that needle in the haystack takes time, as scientists must look at each piece of data to evaluate its potential to wreak biological havoc. They also need context to understand the significance of each gene’s sequence.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By themselves, sequences tell us nothing,” Waldispühl said. To make sense of this data, researchers are interested in comparing human DNA to that of other animals, like monkeys or mice. This gives us a window into evolution – if the exact same sequence ended up in horses and humans, then it is probably important, and a change, or mutation, would be bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waldispühl turned these inter-species comparisons into a game by color-coding the DNA and laying out human and animal sequences on top of each other, the way many scientists do to make sense of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the puzzle, you’re trying to make columns of the same color, [and] you’re finding evolutionarily conserved regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a game that looks something like a mash-up of \u003ca href=\"http://www.tetrisfriends.com/games/Marathon/game.php\">Tetris\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.rubiks.com/\">Rubik’s cube\u003c/a>. To play, you try to arrange the rows to get the same color going down across different species, and you can introduce gaps if necessary. The computer’s score is the ‘Par’, and your goal is to beat it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-300x150.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"phylo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-32587\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Competing with the computer may sound daunting at first. After all, this process seems like something computers should be really good at. But for this kind of pattern recognition, humans turn out to be much smarter than computers at figuring out which mutations can be thrown away, and which may be a red flag for disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the nuances of the science behind the game, it should ultimately still be fun to play. I asked Jon Bernstein, a doctor and researcher at \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a>, to try it out. “I thought it was very interesting – it was visually appealing, the interface was nice, and fun to play around with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is focused on genetics, Dr. Bernstein’s area of expertise, but that didn’t mean it was easy. “Many of the levels were pretty challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is timely, as DNA sequencing is becoming more and more useful in terms of diagnosing and treating all sorts of illnesses\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many, many situations in which genetic information is helpful in understanding the cause of human disease,” said Bernstein. “There are many cases in which it impacts how you take care of people and the counseling you can provide them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Bernstein told me, some forms of sequencing are still very expensive, on the order of $10,000. “And most of the cost is really the interpretation, not running the test itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Games like Phylo are an effort to help scientists interpret these data. By making these problems fun, easy to play with, and accessible to anyone in the world, game designers like Waldispühl are essentially crowd-sourcing solutions to complex problems in health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are plenty of gamers who would be willing to help out. Waldispühl told me that McGill put out a press release on the game and got a much larger response than they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of hours after we launched the game, the server was saturated and we put all of the department in an emergency state because everything was blocked,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had basically a puzzle downloaded every half-second. It was just crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding innovative ways to quickly make sense of genetic data is becoming more important as sequencing becomes faster and more widely used. However, there are many questions that come up between sequencing a person’s DNA and pinpointing the cause of their disease, and Phylo may be answering the wrong one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular game is about aligning DNA sequences. In clinical medicine, a lot of questions are asked and answered at the level of protein,” Stanford’s Bernstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is the blueprint for protein, and bad proteins can cause disease. Looking at information from the protein perspective would be much more useful to doctors, and games like \u003ca href=\"http://fold.it/portal/\">Foldit\u003c/a> are already looking at some aspects of that problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foldit is a science-focused game that was first released to the public in 2008, and it has had considerable success since then. It allows players to virtually interact with proteins and solve puzzles about their shape. Foldit was able to harness the power of the game-playing masses to determine the shape of the AIDS virus in rhesus monkeys, a problem that had eluded researchers for 15 years. They even \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v18/n10/full/nsmb.2119.html\">published their findings\u003c/a> in a sub-journal of Nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phylo may not be as useful as Foldit in its current incarnation, but it does have potential. Since its launch in November 2010, Phylo has contributed to 450,000 solutions through the work of 20,000 registered players and thousands more who play anonymously. Its interface could easily be adopted to compare proteins instead of DNA sequences, but the challenge would be in making it enjoyable for anyone to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really wanted to make a casual game – that people can play it without thinking they are solving a problem,” Waldispühl said. “People want to have fun. And we can reuse the energy they spend gaming to do something useful.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "32568 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32568",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/09/phylo-turning-biology-puzzles-into-interactive-games/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1092,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1443830590,
"excerpt": "People often think of medicine as hard work, but an emerging group of tech-savvy entrepreneurs is looking to re-shape people’s perspectives and turn health, and health research, into a form of play.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "People often think of medicine as hard work, but an emerging group of tech-savvy entrepreneurs is looking to re-shape people’s perspectives and turn health, and health research, into a form of play.",
"title": "Phylo: Turning Biology Puzzles Into Interactive Games | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Phylo: Turning Biology Puzzles Into Interactive Games",
"datePublished": "2012-03-09T12:54:40-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T17:03:10-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "phylo-turning-biology-puzzles-into-interactive-games",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/32568/phylo-turning-biology-puzzles-into-interactive-games",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"6960873861_c54bffdb62_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32748\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/6960873861_c54bffdb62_z-e1331325559827-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/officialgdc/6960873861/in/photostream\">Photo courtesy of Official GDC\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often think of medicine as hard work, but an emerging group of tech-savvy entrepreneurs is looking to re-shape people’s perspectives and turn health, and health research, into a form of play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdconf.com/\">Game Developers’ Conference\u003c/a> here in San Francisco this week, computer scientist Jérôme Waldispühl showed off a project that he and colleagues at McGill University just published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0031362\">PLoS ONE\u003c/a>. (KQED QUEST blogger \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/a> wrote about this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/12/gaming-to-understand-disease/\">game\u003c/a> in December.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called Phylo, and it turns the puzzles of biology into a game anyone can play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phylo takes a fresh approach to sorting through the data produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/10001772\">Human Genome Project\u003c/a>, some three billion bits that spell out the instructions for how to make and maintain a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are continuously looking through this genetic code to search for genes that may make us susceptible to a particular disease. Finding that needle in the haystack takes time, as scientists must look at each piece of data to evaluate its potential to wreak biological havoc. They also need context to understand the significance of each gene’s sequence.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By themselves, sequences tell us nothing,” Waldispühl said. To make sense of this data, researchers are interested in comparing human DNA to that of other animals, like monkeys or mice. This gives us a window into evolution – if the exact same sequence ended up in horses and humans, then it is probably important, and a change, or mutation, would be bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waldispühl turned these inter-species comparisons into a game by color-coding the DNA and laying out human and animal sequences on top of each other, the way many scientists do to make sense of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the puzzle, you’re trying to make columns of the same color, [and] you’re finding evolutionarily conserved regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a game that looks something like a mash-up of \u003ca href=\"http://www.tetrisfriends.com/games/Marathon/game.php\">Tetris\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.rubiks.com/\">Rubik’s cube\u003c/a>. To play, you try to arrange the rows to get the same color going down across different species, and you can introduce gaps if necessary. The computer’s score is the ‘Par’, and your goal is to beat it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/phylo-300x150.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"phylo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-32587\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Competing with the computer may sound daunting at first. After all, this process seems like something computers should be really good at. But for this kind of pattern recognition, humans turn out to be much smarter than computers at figuring out which mutations can be thrown away, and which may be a red flag for disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the nuances of the science behind the game, it should ultimately still be fun to play. I asked Jon Bernstein, a doctor and researcher at \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a>, to try it out. “I thought it was very interesting – it was visually appealing, the interface was nice, and fun to play around with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is focused on genetics, Dr. Bernstein’s area of expertise, but that didn’t mean it was easy. “Many of the levels were pretty challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is timely, as DNA sequencing is becoming more and more useful in terms of diagnosing and treating all sorts of illnesses\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many, many situations in which genetic information is helpful in understanding the cause of human disease,” said Bernstein. “There are many cases in which it impacts how you take care of people and the counseling you can provide them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Bernstein told me, some forms of sequencing are still very expensive, on the order of $10,000. “And most of the cost is really the interpretation, not running the test itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Games like Phylo are an effort to help scientists interpret these data. By making these problems fun, easy to play with, and accessible to anyone in the world, game designers like Waldispühl are essentially crowd-sourcing solutions to complex problems in health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are plenty of gamers who would be willing to help out. Waldispühl told me that McGill put out a press release on the game and got a much larger response than they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of hours after we launched the game, the server was saturated and we put all of the department in an emergency state because everything was blocked,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had basically a puzzle downloaded every half-second. It was just crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding innovative ways to quickly make sense of genetic data is becoming more important as sequencing becomes faster and more widely used. However, there are many questions that come up between sequencing a person’s DNA and pinpointing the cause of their disease, and Phylo may be answering the wrong one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular game is about aligning DNA sequences. In clinical medicine, a lot of questions are asked and answered at the level of protein,” Stanford’s Bernstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is the blueprint for protein, and bad proteins can cause disease. Looking at information from the protein perspective would be much more useful to doctors, and games like \u003ca href=\"http://fold.it/portal/\">Foldit\u003c/a> are already looking at some aspects of that problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foldit is a science-focused game that was first released to the public in 2008, and it has had considerable success since then. It allows players to virtually interact with proteins and solve puzzles about their shape. Foldit was able to harness the power of the game-playing masses to determine the shape of the AIDS virus in rhesus monkeys, a problem that had eluded researchers for 15 years. They even \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v18/n10/full/nsmb.2119.html\">published their findings\u003c/a> in a sub-journal of Nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phylo may not be as useful as Foldit in its current incarnation, but it does have potential. Since its launch in November 2010, Phylo has contributed to 450,000 solutions through the work of 20,000 registered players and thousands more who play anonymously. Its interface could easily be adopted to compare proteins instead of DNA sequences, but the challenge would be in making it enjoyable for anyone to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really wanted to make a casual game – that people can play it without thinking they are solving a problem,” Waldispühl said. “People want to have fun. And we can reuse the energy they spend gaming to do something useful.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/32568/phylo-turning-biology-puzzles-into-interactive-games",
"authors": [
"10345"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_848",
"quest_1166",
"quest_10782",
"quest_13201",
"quest_10539",
"quest_13"
],
"featImg": "quest_32587",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_32581": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_32581",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32581",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1331323250000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1331323250,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Tsunami Program Faces Cuts One Year After Disaster",
"title": "Tsunami Program Faces Cuts One Year After Disaster",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-12-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tsunami warning sign\" title=\"warning_sign\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-32589\"> One year ago today, communities on the coast of Japan were reeling from a devastating earthquake and a tsunami that killed almost twenty thousand people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could have been much worse, had Japan’s elaborate tsunami warning system not kicked in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the US, we have a similar system. It helped warn residents along the West Coast that waves from the Japanese tsunami were heading our way. But the program is facing steep budget cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When the Waves Hit Santa Cruz\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rusty Kingon works down at the docks in Santa Cruz. He's the supervisor for the UC Santa Cruz Boating Program. When the smaller tsunami from the Japanese earthquake hit the coast of California, Kingon was there. He caught the whole thing on video. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i54hwitqTHU]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surging current ripped docks right off their moorings. Twenty-five foot fishing boats flipped on their sides, like bath toys and smashed together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the lost boats belonged to Jody Connolly. He had been living on his boat, Trident, for two years. When the boat sank, Connolly lost all his possessions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32614\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/jody_connolly-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"jody_connolly\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32614\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jody Connolly lost his boat in Santa Cruz tsunami\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says he knows what happened in Santa Cruz doesn’t hold a candle to the damage in Japan. But it turned his life upside down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's life before the tsunami and life after the tsunami,\" says Connolly. \"When you lose everything, especially that quick and that fast, it changes the course of your life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the biggest tsunami to hit California since 1964. Damage amounted to about 50 million dollars. One man drowned in Crescent City, and the harbor there was destroyed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Tsunami Warnings Work\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could have been worse here in Santa Cruz, too, if not for a warning system that prompted people to vacate their boats and head inland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Oppenheimer, of the United States Geological Survey, says alarms around the world started ringing within 15 minutes after the fault ruptured off the coast of Japan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the shaking, computer models can predict how big a tsunami the quake might produce, and where it might hit. But those are just predictions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don’t know how high the wave is.\" says Oppenheimer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DART buoys\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32646\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ETD-Deployed-DSC_5995_284.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ETD Deployed DSC_5995_284\" width=\"284\" height=\"189\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32646\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deployed DART buoy. Photo courtesy of NOAA \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For that, there’s another system in place: 39 buoys - they’re called DART buoys, Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis -- each the size of a small car, \u003ca href=\"http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/Dart/\">positioned in a ring\u003c/a> around the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the base of each buoy is a pressure recorder, a device that can measure how much water sits above it. When the tsunami wave rolls by, the difference in pressure is translated into a signal, which is transmitted via satellite from the buoy to government monitoring centers in Alaska and Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oppenheimer says that while computer modeling and predictions are important, the DART buoys provide \"ground truth\" of whether or not a tsunami is taking place, and how big it is. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"it's just as important to know when there \u003cem>isn't\u003c/em> a tsunami.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unnecessary evacuations based on false alarms of impending tsunamis can shut down an entire city and cause mass chaos, he says. The costs can run into the tens of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed cuts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Obama administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/top-stories/ci_20057646\">wants\u003c/a> to weaken this system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2012/20120213_budget_statement.html\">2013 budget\u003c/a> proposed by the the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, the agency wants to trim $1 million off the DART program's $11 million annual budget. NOAA will essentially stop fixing the buoys as quickly when they break. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers at a recent hearing in Washington DC told NOAA administrators that they're concerned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we’re not able to repair these buoys,\" said Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) \"that could have a public safety impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA head Jane Lubchenco responded that until now, funding for the program came from a law, passed in 2005, But the law is sunsetting at the end of this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree it would be nice to have all those buoys up and running,\" said Lubchenko. \"We just don’t have the money.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32655\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dart-buoy-ndbc-03-30-2006-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dart-buoy-ndbc-03-30-2006\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32655\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DART buoy. Photo courtesy of NOAA \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for the Big One\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Lofgren, and other lawmakers didn't press Lubchenco on is a bigger, and arguably more important cut that NOAA is proposing: Three and a half million dollars that pay for tsunami education and outreach efforts along US coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Wilson, a geologist for the state of California, says that DART buoys are great for tsunamis that start far away, for example in Japan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if an earthquake is close -- say, along the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/structure/crust/cascadia.php\">Cascadia subduction zone\u003c/a> off the coast of Oregon and Washington -- by the time the buoys send out alerts, it’s too late. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’d have about 15 minutes to react to such an event,\" says Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen minutes before a major tsunami hits the shore, you do not want people checking their emails for the latest update, Wilson says. They should feel the quake, see the water receding, and know exactly what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Wilson, \"the ability of one person who does know what to do on a very crowded beach is priceless. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was priceless in Japan, says David Oppenheimer, of the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were 200 thousand people living in the area. Ten percent of the people died. [It was a] terrible tragedy. But ninety percent survived. They knew what to do. It wasn't because of DART buoys. It was because Japanese people know about tsunamis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that level of awareness depends on education, drills, signs. And NOAA is making deep cuts to that program. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Buchanan, a spokeswoman for NOAA, said safety won’t be compromised by the cuts, that NOAA has other programs in place to cover some of this work. She says there’s room in the budget to do some trimming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don’t always have to continue putting signs up. Once they’re there, they’re there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But signs, says David Oppenheimer, eventually get torn down. Memories fade. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think that just because we’ve done our first round that we can sit back and think, OK, we don’t have to worry about this anymore,\" he says. \"People forget.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, several members of Congress are looking for ways to restore the funding.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "32581 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=32581",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/09/tsunami-program-faces-cuts-one-year-after-disaster/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1101,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 47
},
"modified": 1370996656,
"excerpt": "Just one year after the disaster in Japan, proposed budget cuts could impact the US tsunami warning program.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Just one year after the disaster in Japan, proposed budget cuts could impact the US tsunami warning program.",
"title": "Tsunami Program Faces Cuts One Year After Disaster | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Tsunami Program Faces Cuts One Year After Disaster",
"datePublished": "2012-03-09T12:00:50-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-06-11T17:24:16-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "tsunami-program-faces-cuts-one-year-after-disaster",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/32581/tsunami-program-faces-cuts-one-year-after-disaster",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-12-quest.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-12-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/warning_sign-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tsunami warning sign\" title=\"warning_sign\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-32589\"> One year ago today, communities on the coast of Japan were reeling from a devastating earthquake and a tsunami that killed almost twenty thousand people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could have been much worse, had Japan’s elaborate tsunami warning system not kicked in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the US, we have a similar system. It helped warn residents along the West Coast that waves from the Japanese tsunami were heading our way. But the program is facing steep budget cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When the Waves Hit Santa Cruz\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rusty Kingon works down at the docks in Santa Cruz. He's the supervisor for the UC Santa Cruz Boating Program. When the smaller tsunami from the Japanese earthquake hit the coast of California, Kingon was there. He caught the whole thing on video. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i54hwitqTHU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i54hwitqTHU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surging current ripped docks right off their moorings. Twenty-five foot fishing boats flipped on their sides, like bath toys and smashed together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the lost boats belonged to Jody Connolly. He had been living on his boat, Trident, for two years. When the boat sank, Connolly lost all his possessions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32614\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/jody_connolly-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"jody_connolly\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32614\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jody Connolly lost his boat in Santa Cruz tsunami\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says he knows what happened in Santa Cruz doesn’t hold a candle to the damage in Japan. But it turned his life upside down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's life before the tsunami and life after the tsunami,\" says Connolly. \"When you lose everything, especially that quick and that fast, it changes the course of your life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the biggest tsunami to hit California since 1964. Damage amounted to about 50 million dollars. One man drowned in Crescent City, and the harbor there was destroyed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Tsunami Warnings Work\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could have been worse here in Santa Cruz, too, if not for a warning system that prompted people to vacate their boats and head inland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Oppenheimer, of the United States Geological Survey, says alarms around the world started ringing within 15 minutes after the fault ruptured off the coast of Japan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the shaking, computer models can predict how big a tsunami the quake might produce, and where it might hit. But those are just predictions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don’t know how high the wave is.\" says Oppenheimer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DART buoys\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32646\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ETD-Deployed-DSC_5995_284.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ETD Deployed DSC_5995_284\" width=\"284\" height=\"189\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32646\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deployed DART buoy. Photo courtesy of NOAA \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For that, there’s another system in place: 39 buoys - they’re called DART buoys, Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis -- each the size of a small car, \u003ca href=\"http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/Dart/\">positioned in a ring\u003c/a> around the Pacific Ocean. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the base of each buoy is a pressure recorder, a device that can measure how much water sits above it. When the tsunami wave rolls by, the difference in pressure is translated into a signal, which is transmitted via satellite from the buoy to government monitoring centers in Alaska and Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oppenheimer says that while computer modeling and predictions are important, the DART buoys provide \"ground truth\" of whether or not a tsunami is taking place, and how big it is. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"it's just as important to know when there \u003cem>isn't\u003c/em> a tsunami.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unnecessary evacuations based on false alarms of impending tsunamis can shut down an entire city and cause mass chaos, he says. The costs can run into the tens of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed cuts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Obama administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/top-stories/ci_20057646\">wants\u003c/a> to weaken this system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2012/20120213_budget_statement.html\">2013 budget\u003c/a> proposed by the the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, the agency wants to trim $1 million off the DART program's $11 million annual budget. NOAA will essentially stop fixing the buoys as quickly when they break. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers at a recent hearing in Washington DC told NOAA administrators that they're concerned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we’re not able to repair these buoys,\" said Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) \"that could have a public safety impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA head Jane Lubchenco responded that until now, funding for the program came from a law, passed in 2005, But the law is sunsetting at the end of this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree it would be nice to have all those buoys up and running,\" said Lubchenko. \"We just don’t have the money.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32655\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dart-buoy-ndbc-03-30-2006-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dart-buoy-ndbc-03-30-2006\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32655\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DART buoy. Photo courtesy of NOAA \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for the Big One\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Lofgren, and other lawmakers didn't press Lubchenco on is a bigger, and arguably more important cut that NOAA is proposing: Three and a half million dollars that pay for tsunami education and outreach efforts along US coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Wilson, a geologist for the state of California, says that DART buoys are great for tsunamis that start far away, for example in Japan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if an earthquake is close -- say, along the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/structure/crust/cascadia.php\">Cascadia subduction zone\u003c/a> off the coast of Oregon and Washington -- by the time the buoys send out alerts, it’s too late. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’d have about 15 minutes to react to such an event,\" says Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen minutes before a major tsunami hits the shore, you do not want people checking their emails for the latest update, Wilson says. They should feel the quake, see the water receding, and know exactly what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Wilson, \"the ability of one person who does know what to do on a very crowded beach is priceless. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was priceless in Japan, says David Oppenheimer, of the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were 200 thousand people living in the area. Ten percent of the people died. [It was a] terrible tragedy. But ninety percent survived. They knew what to do. It wasn't because of DART buoys. It was because Japanese people know about tsunamis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that level of awareness depends on education, drills, signs. And NOAA is making deep cuts to that program. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Buchanan, a spokeswoman for NOAA, said safety won’t be compromised by the cuts, that NOAA has other programs in place to cover some of this work. She says there’s room in the budget to do some trimming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don’t always have to continue putting signs up. Once they’re there, they’re there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But signs, says David Oppenheimer, eventually get torn down. Memories fade. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t think that just because we’ve done our first round that we can sit back and think, OK, we don’t have to worry about this anymore,\" he says. \"People forget.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, several members of Congress are looking for ways to restore the funding.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/32581/tsunami-program-faces-cuts-one-year-after-disaster",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_10781",
"quest_3351",
"quest_13203",
"quest_2001",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349",
"quest_13202",
"quest_10780",
"quest_10779",
"quest_3048"
],
"featImg": "quest_32589",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_32477": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_32477",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "32477",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1331250784000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 10636
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1331250784,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Clean Car Diaries: The President's New Clean Car Initiative",
"title": "Clean Car Diaries: The President's New Clean Car Initiative",
"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32654\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/08/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative/dd-ev-12-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32654\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DD-EV-121-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Electric truck prototype\" title=\"Electric truck prototype\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32654\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric truck prototype\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early reports of the electric car’s demise have, apparently, not reached the current administration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as GM temporarily halts production of the plug-in hybrid Volt due to slow sales, President Obama announces a 4.7 billion dollar effort for advanced technology vehicles. Part of that money will be invested in technology for electric cars which the White House describes as, an “\u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/articles/president-obama-launches-ev-everywhere-challenge-part-energy-department-s-clean-energy\">EV Everywhere Challenge\u003c/a>\". The initiative will invest in cutting edge R & D for advanced batteries and much anticipated fast charging technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The President also announced more incentives to help consumers and businesses purchase cleaner cars and trucks, including increasing the current tax credit for advanced vehicles, from the $7,500 credit that currently exists up to $10,000, while allowing the credit to be applied to additional types of technologies, like plug in hybrids and compressed natural gas vehicles. President Obama also proposed transferring the credit to the dealer so the buyer could benefit right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 430px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/08/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative/tesla-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32592\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Tesla-4-430x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla in factory\" title=\"Tesla in factory\" width=\"430\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32592\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla in factory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One billion dollars of Obama’s alternative vehicle announcement will go to a “National Community Deployment Challenge” to help 10-15 communities “invest in the infrastructure, remove the regulatory barriers, and create the local incentives to support deployment of advanced vehicles at critical mass.” The new $1-billion National Community Deployment Challenge will not just be tied to electric cars. Communities can decide on what technology they want to pursue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president spoke at \u003ca href=\"http://www.daimler-trucksnorthamerica.com/commitment/quality-manufacturing.aspx\">Daimler Trucks Plant\u003c/a> in North Carolina, a swing state in the 2012 general election. Although this is all welcome news for clean car enthusiasts, the president is no longer mentioning his goal of getting a million electric vehicles on the roads by 2015. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "32477 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32477",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/08/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 298,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1335462749,
"excerpt": "President Obama announces a multi-billion dollar clean car initiative at a time of slumping EV sales.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "President Obama announces a multi-billion dollar clean car initiative at a time of slumping EV sales.",
"title": "Clean Car Diaries: The President's New Clean Car Initiative | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Clean Car Diaries: The President's New Clean Car Initiative",
"datePublished": "2012-03-08T15:53:04-08:00",
"dateModified": "2012-04-26T10:52:29-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/32477/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32654\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/08/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative/dd-ev-12-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32654\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DD-EV-121-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Electric truck prototype\" title=\"Electric truck prototype\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32654\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric truck prototype\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early reports of the electric car’s demise have, apparently, not reached the current administration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as GM temporarily halts production of the plug-in hybrid Volt due to slow sales, President Obama announces a 4.7 billion dollar effort for advanced technology vehicles. Part of that money will be invested in technology for electric cars which the White House describes as, an “\u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/articles/president-obama-launches-ev-everywhere-challenge-part-energy-department-s-clean-energy\">EV Everywhere Challenge\u003c/a>\". The initiative will invest in cutting edge R & D for advanced batteries and much anticipated fast charging technology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The President also announced more incentives to help consumers and businesses purchase cleaner cars and trucks, including increasing the current tax credit for advanced vehicles, from the $7,500 credit that currently exists up to $10,000, while allowing the credit to be applied to additional types of technologies, like plug in hybrids and compressed natural gas vehicles. President Obama also proposed transferring the credit to the dealer so the buyer could benefit right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 430px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/08/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative/tesla-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32592\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Tesla-4-430x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla in factory\" title=\"Tesla in factory\" width=\"430\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32592\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla in factory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One billion dollars of Obama’s alternative vehicle announcement will go to a “National Community Deployment Challenge” to help 10-15 communities “invest in the infrastructure, remove the regulatory barriers, and create the local incentives to support deployment of advanced vehicles at critical mass.” The new $1-billion National Community Deployment Challenge will not just be tied to electric cars. Communities can decide on what technology they want to pursue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president spoke at \u003ca href=\"http://www.daimler-trucksnorthamerica.com/commitment/quality-manufacturing.aspx\">Daimler Trucks Plant\u003c/a> in North Carolina, a swing state in the 2012 general election. Although this is all welcome news for clean car enthusiasts, the president is no longer mentioning his goal of getting a million electric vehicles on the roads by 2015. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/32477/clean-car-diaries-the-presidents-new-clean-car-initiative",
"authors": [
"212"
],
"series": [
"quest_10636"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_10776",
"quest_951",
"quest_10774",
"quest_10775",
"quest_10773",
"quest_13202"
],
"label": "quest_10636"
},
"quest_31534": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_31534",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "31534",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1330473020000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 10636
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1330473020,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "New, Cleaner Volts and Priuses Arrive",
"title": "New, Cleaner Volts and Priuses Arrive",
"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/28/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive/img_0272-5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31547\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/IMG_02721-296x169.jpg\" alt=\"Chevy Plug-In Volt\" title=\"Chevy Plug-In Volt\" width=\"296\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-31547\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s carpool lanes will soon see some new additions. GM's latest hybrid electric plug -in model is being shipped to dealers this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 GM Chevy Volt, which sells for $39,145 before state and federal tax credits, meets California’s clean car air standards and qualifies customers to drive solo in the state’s carpool lanes. The new model will also be eligible for a $1500 state tax credit. The current hybrid plug- in Volt does not include the low emissions package which is now standard for California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 291px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/28/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive/plugin-prius/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plugin-prius-291x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\" title=\"Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\" width=\"291\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31775\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect to see drivers of the new model commuting solo in the carpool lane just yet. It takes about two months for those high occupancy white stickers to arrive once a customer has applied with the DMV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the largest share of the Volt market and is likely to be ground zero for another low emission car that is also just beginning to arrive at dealerships, the 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in. The base MSRP for the Prius Plug-in Hybrid is $32,000. The Prius Plug-in Hybrid Advanced has an MSRP of $39,525. Subtract from that up to $4,000 in state and federal tax credits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Move over Nissan Leaf, you may soon have more company in the HOV lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "31534 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=31534",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/28/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 237,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1335462740,
"excerpt": "More clean car customers will soon be driving solo in the carpool lane. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "More clean car customers will soon be driving solo in the carpool lane. ",
"title": "New, Cleaner Volts and Priuses Arrive | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New, Cleaner Volts and Priuses Arrive",
"datePublished": "2012-02-28T15:50:20-08:00",
"dateModified": "2012-04-26T10:52:20-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/31534/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/28/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive/img_0272-5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31547\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/IMG_02721-296x169.jpg\" alt=\"Chevy Plug-In Volt\" title=\"Chevy Plug-In Volt\" width=\"296\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-31547\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s carpool lanes will soon see some new additions. GM's latest hybrid electric plug -in model is being shipped to dealers this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 GM Chevy Volt, which sells for $39,145 before state and federal tax credits, meets California’s clean car air standards and qualifies customers to drive solo in the state’s carpool lanes. The new model will also be eligible for a $1500 state tax credit. The current hybrid plug- in Volt does not include the low emissions package which is now standard for California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 291px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/28/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive/plugin-prius/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plugin-prius-291x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\" title=\"Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\" width=\"291\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31775\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plug-In Prius. Photo: Car and Driver\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect to see drivers of the new model commuting solo in the carpool lane just yet. It takes about two months for those high occupancy white stickers to arrive once a customer has applied with the DMV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the largest share of the Volt market and is likely to be ground zero for another low emission car that is also just beginning to arrive at dealerships, the 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in. The base MSRP for the Prius Plug-in Hybrid is $32,000. The Prius Plug-in Hybrid Advanced has an MSRP of $39,525. Subtract from that up to $4,000 in state and federal tax credits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Move over Nissan Leaf, you may soon have more company in the HOV lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/31534/new-cleaner-volts-and-priusesarrive",
"authors": [
"212"
],
"series": [
"quest_10636"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_10742",
"quest_569",
"quest_10741",
"quest_13202"
],
"label": "quest_10636"
},
"quest_31369": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_31369",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "31369",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1330113520000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 10636
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1330113520,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Clean Car Diaries: Could Tesla's 'Brick Problem' Happen To Other EVS?",
"title": "Clean Car Diaries: Could Tesla's 'Brick Problem' Happen To Other EVS?",
"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs/img_0331/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31370\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/IMG_0331-385x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla Roadster\" title=\"Tesla Roadster\" width=\"385\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-31370\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if range anxiety wasn't enough, do I also have to remember to keep my car charged -- even when I am not driving it? The answer is yes, but since I drive a Leaf, it's not quite as serious as owning a Tesla. A recent blog about \u003ca href=\"http://theunderstatement.com/post/18030062041/its-a-brick-tesla-motors-devastating-design\">Tesla's cars turning into \"immovable bricks\" if the battery ever becomes completely discharged\u003c/a>, has set off a firestorm in the blogosphere. The claims say some Tesla owners have left their cars for as little as a few weeks and found their EVs could not be re-charged. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> has been applauded for having some of the most advanced battery technology but it seems that there is one design flaw that can cause serious problems. If the charge in a Tesla’s lithium-ion batteries is fully depleted, the batteries are essentially destroyed and the car is left immobilized. The repair can be costly, some estimates say around $40,000 dollars for a new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is downplaying the issue. In a statement released this week the company doesn't deny that the \"brick problem\" could happen but says its unlikely because they offer several safeguards against it including low charge warnings. \"All automobiles require some level of owner care. For example, combustion vehicles require regular oil changes or the engine will be destroyed. Electric vehicles should be plugged in and charging when not in use for maximum performance. All batteries are subject to damage if the charge is kept at zero for long periods of time. However, Tesla avoids this problem in virtually all instances with numerous counter-measures.\" Tesla says its cars can be unplugged for weeks without reaching zero charge. But now who wants to test that claim? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs/chargingup-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31372\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/chargingup1-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"Nissan Leaf\" title=\"Nissan Leaf\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-31372\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good news for\u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\"> Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> drivers, the company says the battery shuts down completely before it fully drains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chevrolet.com/volt-electric-car/\">GM says its Volt \u003c/a>plug-in hybrid has a buffer at the lower end of the state of charge to prevent it from being fully depleted. Right now the problem seems specific to Tesla. However, from what I have learned, keeping an electric car charged is not only part of good maintenance but also part of keeping a battery warranty valid. Nissan recommends charging up to eighty percent for better battery life. \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencarreports.com/image/100383269_2011-nissan-leaf-battery-warranty-information\">To prevent damage to the battery the company also says owners must not leave the car parked for more than 14 days\u003c/a> where the battery available charge gauge reaches a zero or near zero state of charge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "31369 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=31369",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 426,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1335462732,
"excerpt": "Some Tesla owners have found that leaving an electric car parked for too long could become a serious problem. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Some Tesla owners have found that leaving an electric car parked for too long could become a serious problem. ",
"title": "Clean Car Diaries: Could Tesla's 'Brick Problem' Happen To Other EVS? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Clean Car Diaries: Could Tesla's 'Brick Problem' Happen To Other EVS?",
"datePublished": "2012-02-24T11:58:40-08:00",
"dateModified": "2012-04-26T10:52:12-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/31369/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs/img_0331/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31370\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/IMG_0331-385x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla Roadster\" title=\"Tesla Roadster\" width=\"385\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-31370\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if range anxiety wasn't enough, do I also have to remember to keep my car charged -- even when I am not driving it? The answer is yes, but since I drive a Leaf, it's not quite as serious as owning a Tesla. A recent blog about \u003ca href=\"http://theunderstatement.com/post/18030062041/its-a-brick-tesla-motors-devastating-design\">Tesla's cars turning into \"immovable bricks\" if the battery ever becomes completely discharged\u003c/a>, has set off a firestorm in the blogosphere. The claims say some Tesla owners have left their cars for as little as a few weeks and found their EVs could not be re-charged. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> has been applauded for having some of the most advanced battery technology but it seems that there is one design flaw that can cause serious problems. If the charge in a Tesla’s lithium-ion batteries is fully depleted, the batteries are essentially destroyed and the car is left immobilized. The repair can be costly, some estimates say around $40,000 dollars for a new battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is downplaying the issue. In a statement released this week the company doesn't deny that the \"brick problem\" could happen but says its unlikely because they offer several safeguards against it including low charge warnings. \"All automobiles require some level of owner care. For example, combustion vehicles require regular oil changes or the engine will be destroyed. Electric vehicles should be plugged in and charging when not in use for maximum performance. All batteries are subject to damage if the charge is kept at zero for long periods of time. However, Tesla avoids this problem in virtually all instances with numerous counter-measures.\" Tesla says its cars can be unplugged for weeks without reaching zero charge. But now who wants to test that claim? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs/chargingup-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31372\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/chargingup1-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"Nissan Leaf\" title=\"Nissan Leaf\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-31372\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good news for\u003ca href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/\"> Nissan Leaf\u003c/a> drivers, the company says the battery shuts down completely before it fully drains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chevrolet.com/volt-electric-car/\">GM says its Volt \u003c/a>plug-in hybrid has a buffer at the lower end of the state of charge to prevent it from being fully depleted. Right now the problem seems specific to Tesla. However, from what I have learned, keeping an electric car charged is not only part of good maintenance but also part of keeping a battery warranty valid. Nissan recommends charging up to eighty percent for better battery life. \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencarreports.com/image/100383269_2011-nissan-leaf-battery-warranty-information\">To prevent damage to the battery the company also says owners must not leave the car parked for more than 14 days\u003c/a> where the battery available charge gauge reaches a zero or near zero state of charge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See other posts from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/clean-car-diaries/\">this series\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/31369/clean-car-diaries-could-teslas-brick-problem-happen-to-other-evs",
"authors": [
"212"
],
"series": [
"quest_10636"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_950",
"quest_1997",
"quest_13202",
"quest_10740",
"quest_10739",
"quest_3091"
],
"label": "quest_10636"
},
"quest_30909": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_30909",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30909",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1329929650000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 3357
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1329929650,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Plant Proteins Power Solar Panel",
"title": "Plant Proteins Power Solar Panel",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/22/plant-proteins-power-solar-panel/plant-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30913\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30913\" title=\"plant resize\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-300x169.png\" alt=\"Backlit leaf\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This new solar panel really is green. Instead of using semiconducting silicon, proteins from plants transform light into electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicist Andreas Mershin, at Massachusetts Institute for Technology, and his colleagues say they’ve simplified the production of plant-based solar cells so that any lab can make them. Mershin hopes these biological solar panels could provide power in places that currently have no electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have been growing their own food for millennia,” he says. “I think it’s time to start growing our own solar power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants make sugars using energy from the sun in a process called \u003ca title=\"photosynthesis explainer\" href=\"http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html\">photosynthesis\u003c/a>. Protein complexes convert the light energy into electrons, which drive the plant’s sugar-producing factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plant proteins are tuned to maximize the sun’s energy. Practically all of the sunlight that hits them gets converted to electrons. Commercial solar panels \u003ca title=\"solar cell quantum efficiency\" href=\"http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/renewable_energy/pv_cell_quantum_efficiency.html\">struggle to match this efficiency\u003c/a> because they can’t absorb all wavelengths of visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin wanted to hijack the efficient electron generators in plants to generate electricity for people. But to build a working solar panel using proteins, he had to stabilize the proteins on the surface so that they perform just like they do in cells. And he had to attach enough of them to generate a measurable current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin harvested one type of light-collecting protein complex from photosynthetic bacteria. Suspended in a stabilizing solution, the photosynthetic protein complex maintained its shape and function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He painted the protein solution on a glass slide covered with nano-sized rods of zinc oxide, a common ingredient in sunscreen. The rods hold more protein than the flat surfaces commonly used to make photosynthetic solar panels -- enough to give the panel a faint green tinge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bio-solar cell converted about 0.1% of sun’s energy into electrical energy -- 10,000 times more efficient than previous biosolar cells. Mershin says his plant-based solar cells will never match the \u003ca title=\"solar panel conversion efficiency explanation\" href=\"http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/renewable_energy/pv_cell_conversion_efficiency.html\">conversion efficiencies\u003c/a> of commercial solar panels. But even increasing the efficiency to 1% could make these plant-powered panels useful for people in the developing world who have no electricity, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin hopes other labs around the world will start experimenting with these green solar panels to improving their efficiency and lifetime. His method and results are freely available from a \u003ca title=\"research paper about biosolar cell\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120202/srep00234/full/srep00234.html\">paper \u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of throwing plant trimmings or grass clippings onto a compost pile, perhaps one day we’ll set some aside to make solar panels too. It’ll be a whole new way to \u003ca title=\"DIY solar from Instructables\" href=\"http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Solar-Panel/\">DIY solar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "30909 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=30909",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/22/plant-proteins-power-solar-panel/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 441,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1366755797,
"excerpt": "Simplifying the production of bio-solar cells using many different plants could bring power to the developing world. It could be a whole new way to DIY solar.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Simplifying the production of bio-solar cells using many different plants could bring power to the developing world. It could be a whole new way to DIY solar.",
"title": "Plant Proteins Power Solar Panel | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Plant Proteins Power Solar Panel",
"datePublished": "2012-02-22T08:54:10-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-04-23T15:23:17-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "plant-proteins-power-solar-panel",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/30909/plant-proteins-power-solar-panel",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/22/plant-proteins-power-solar-panel/plant-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30913\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30913\" title=\"plant resize\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/plant-resize-300x169.png\" alt=\"Backlit leaf\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This new solar panel really is green. Instead of using semiconducting silicon, proteins from plants transform light into electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicist Andreas Mershin, at Massachusetts Institute for Technology, and his colleagues say they’ve simplified the production of plant-based solar cells so that any lab can make them. Mershin hopes these biological solar panels could provide power in places that currently have no electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have been growing their own food for millennia,” he says. “I think it’s time to start growing our own solar power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants make sugars using energy from the sun in a process called \u003ca title=\"photosynthesis explainer\" href=\"http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html\">photosynthesis\u003c/a>. Protein complexes convert the light energy into electrons, which drive the plant’s sugar-producing factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plant proteins are tuned to maximize the sun’s energy. Practically all of the sunlight that hits them gets converted to electrons. Commercial solar panels \u003ca title=\"solar cell quantum efficiency\" href=\"http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/renewable_energy/pv_cell_quantum_efficiency.html\">struggle to match this efficiency\u003c/a> because they can’t absorb all wavelengths of visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin wanted to hijack the efficient electron generators in plants to generate electricity for people. But to build a working solar panel using proteins, he had to stabilize the proteins on the surface so that they perform just like they do in cells. And he had to attach enough of them to generate a measurable current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin harvested one type of light-collecting protein complex from photosynthetic bacteria. Suspended in a stabilizing solution, the photosynthetic protein complex maintained its shape and function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He painted the protein solution on a glass slide covered with nano-sized rods of zinc oxide, a common ingredient in sunscreen. The rods hold more protein than the flat surfaces commonly used to make photosynthetic solar panels -- enough to give the panel a faint green tinge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bio-solar cell converted about 0.1% of sun’s energy into electrical energy -- 10,000 times more efficient than previous biosolar cells. Mershin says his plant-based solar cells will never match the \u003ca title=\"solar panel conversion efficiency explanation\" href=\"http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/renewable_energy/pv_cell_conversion_efficiency.html\">conversion efficiencies\u003c/a> of commercial solar panels. But even increasing the efficiency to 1% could make these plant-powered panels useful for people in the developing world who have no electricity, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mershin hopes other labs around the world will start experimenting with these green solar panels to improving their efficiency and lifetime. His method and results are freely available from a \u003ca title=\"research paper about biosolar cell\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120202/srep00234/full/srep00234.html\">paper \u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of throwing plant trimmings or grass clippings onto a compost pile, perhaps one day we’ll set some aside to make solar panels too. It’ll be a whole new way to \u003ca title=\"DIY solar from Instructables\" href=\"http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Solar-Panel/\">DIY solar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/30909/plant-proteins-power-solar-panel",
"authors": [
"10331"
],
"categories": [
"quest_11765",
"quest_8",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_616",
"quest_3351",
"quest_2193",
"quest_2220",
"quest_2349",
"quest_13202",
"quest_2708"
],
"collections": [
"quest_3357"
],
"featImg": "quest_30913",
"label": "quest_3357"
},
"quest_26549": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_26549",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "26549",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1329498023000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1329498023,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Up All Night on NASA's Flying Telescope",
"title": "Up All Night on NASA's Flying Telescope",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-20-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26551\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NASA-Sofia\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-26551\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, also known as SOFIA. (Photo: NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new \u003ca href=\"http://www.sofia.usra.edu/\">SOFIA observatory\u003c/a> isn't your average NASA project. Engineers took a 30-year old 747 airplane, cut a hole in the side and installed a 17-ton telescope. Most telescopes are either on the ground or somewhere in orbit, but SOFIA falls somewhere in the middle, flying around at about 40,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got the chance to hitch a ride on one of its recent research flights as the plane left Moffett Field at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a>. It's definitely not the kind of flight where you get a bag of peanuts and movie. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers take advantage of the nighttime sky, so we left at dusk for 10-hour tour flying zigzags across the Pacific Ocean. Each leg of the journey is carefully calculated so the telescope can pinpoint a far away star. The plane interior is packed with computers and equipment. It also lacks insulation since much of it was removed to install the telescope, so it's both cold and loud inside. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At four in the morning, the astronomers are still hard at work. If they're as tired as I am, they certainly aren't showing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me, this is very exciting,\" says Ian McLean, a professor at the University of California-Los Angeles. He usually works on the ground. \"All my career has been ground-based astronomy. So, it's only my second flight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean says there's a good reason to do astronomy in the stratosphere. The atmosphere is thinner, which means it's easier for the telescope to see the stars. \"It's almost as good as space,\" says McLean. \"Not quite, but almost.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, this telescope lands everyday, which means the scientists can update and fix the equipment. \"By the time you get a mission into orbit, the technology you're using is relatively old. Here we can stay state of the art all the time,\" says McLean. NASA began developing SOFIA in 1997 and almost cancelled the project at one point. It flew its first science mission in November 2010 and now costs about $80 million a year to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching for a \"Holy Grail\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean says the SOFIA telescope could show astronomers something that's considered a Holy Grail in their field: seeing a star being born. It happens in huge, dusty clouds – stellar nurseries, as Mclean calls them. \"The cloud is huge, light years across and it's gradually contracting to form a whole nursery of stars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26560\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679\" width=\"320\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26560\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside NASA's SOFIA Observatory, somewhere over the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there's a problem. Astronomers can't see what's happening inside the clouds because, once again, they're made of dust and it's hard to see through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't mean dust bunnies, but we mean little, tiny little grains of solid material. Doesn't matter how big a telescope you have, you can't see inside it,\" McLean says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why SOFIA looks at a special kind of light called \u003ca href=\"http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/index.html\">infrared light\u003c/a>. If you look through a telescope on the ground, you're looking at the visible light from space – the light our eyes can see. Infrared light is invisible to us, but it penetrates space dust, which means the telescope can see through the dust too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get to see what you can't see with your eye. It's like a window has been opened,\" says McLean. They're looking for exactly how stellar nurseries give birth to young stars. McLean says catching a star as it's forming can reveal clues about how own solar system formed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But star birth isn't the only thing these researchers want to see. They're also looking at the way stars die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Star on the Way Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the plane makes as sharp right turn, the telescope focuses on an object called NGC 7027. It's a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula\">planetary nebula\u003c/a> – also known as a dying star. McLean and his team are capturing an infrared image of the nebula, which is about 3,000 light years away. They can also see what it's made of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a distinctive shape. It's oval. There's a hole in the middle and that's because it literally is a shell of gas that came off the star,\" says McLean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7027 is dying because the star has run out of fuel – the same fate that our sun will face in about five billion years. As it dies, the star casts off its outer layers, shedding huge amounts of material to form a cloud around it. But it's not entirely a sad story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It won't be wasted,\" says McLean. \"The material that was thrown off by that star in its dying phase, somewhere, millions, perhaps billions of years from now, will find its way into a new star and the planets that form around it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From dead stars come new stars – and planets like our own. The oxygen and nitrogen in our bodies were once formed inside a star. \"The cosmos is within us,\" as astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://www.carlsagan.com/\">Carl Sagan\u003c/a> once said. \"We're made of star stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sky begins to lighten, we descend towards the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in the Mojave Desert, where the plane is based. The SOFIA telescope is now undergoing service upgrades and then will return to the skies three times a week. Astronomers from around the world are lining up to get on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/sofia_slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "26549 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/up-all-night-on-nasas-flying-telescope/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/17/up-all-night-on-nasas-flying-telescope/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 947,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/sofia_slideshow/_files/iframe.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1329840247,
"excerpt": "The Obama Administration’s new budget for NASA was released last week, and calls for cuts to many space programs. But one California-based project is likely to get more money. The SOFIA flying observatory, a telescope mounted on an airplane, is considered more nimble and cost-effective than other projects. Reporter Lauren Sommer recently caught a ride as it flew over the Pacific Ocean.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "",
"title": "Up All Night on NASA's Flying Telescope | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Up All Night on NASA's Flying Telescope",
"datePublished": "2012-02-17T09:00:23-08:00",
"dateModified": "2012-02-21T08:04:07-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "up-all-night-on-nasas-flying-telescope",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/26549/up-all-night-on-nasas-flying-telescope",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-20-quest.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-20-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26551\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/NASA-Sofia-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NASA-Sofia\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-26551\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, also known as SOFIA. (Photo: NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new \u003ca href=\"http://www.sofia.usra.edu/\">SOFIA observatory\u003c/a> isn't your average NASA project. Engineers took a 30-year old 747 airplane, cut a hole in the side and installed a 17-ton telescope. Most telescopes are either on the ground or somewhere in orbit, but SOFIA falls somewhere in the middle, flying around at about 40,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got the chance to hitch a ride on one of its recent research flights as the plane left Moffett Field at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a>. It's definitely not the kind of flight where you get a bag of peanuts and movie. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers take advantage of the nighttime sky, so we left at dusk for 10-hour tour flying zigzags across the Pacific Ocean. Each leg of the journey is carefully calculated so the telescope can pinpoint a far away star. The plane interior is packed with computers and equipment. It also lacks insulation since much of it was removed to install the telescope, so it's both cold and loud inside. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At four in the morning, the astronomers are still hard at work. If they're as tired as I am, they certainly aren't showing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me, this is very exciting,\" says Ian McLean, a professor at the University of California-Los Angeles. He usually works on the ground. \"All my career has been ground-based astronomy. So, it's only my second flight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean says there's a good reason to do astronomy in the stratosphere. The atmosphere is thinner, which means it's easier for the telescope to see the stars. \"It's almost as good as space,\" says McLean. \"Not quite, but almost.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, this telescope lands everyday, which means the scientists can update and fix the equipment. \"By the time you get a mission into orbit, the technology you're using is relatively old. Here we can stay state of the art all the time,\" says McLean. NASA began developing SOFIA in 1997 and almost cancelled the project at one point. It flew its first science mission in November 2010 and now costs about $80 million a year to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching for a \"Holy Grail\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean says the SOFIA telescope could show astronomers something that's considered a Holy Grail in their field: seeing a star being born. It happens in huge, dusty clouds – stellar nurseries, as Mclean calls them. \"The cloud is huge, light years across and it's gradually contracting to form a whole nursery of stars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26560\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"SOFIA_101711_JoshC_7679\" width=\"320\" height=\"207\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26560\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside NASA's SOFIA Observatory, somewhere over the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there's a problem. Astronomers can't see what's happening inside the clouds because, once again, they're made of dust and it's hard to see through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't mean dust bunnies, but we mean little, tiny little grains of solid material. Doesn't matter how big a telescope you have, you can't see inside it,\" McLean says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why SOFIA looks at a special kind of light called \u003ca href=\"http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/index.html\">infrared light\u003c/a>. If you look through a telescope on the ground, you're looking at the visible light from space – the light our eyes can see. Infrared light is invisible to us, but it penetrates space dust, which means the telescope can see through the dust too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get to see what you can't see with your eye. It's like a window has been opened,\" says McLean. They're looking for exactly how stellar nurseries give birth to young stars. McLean says catching a star as it's forming can reveal clues about how own solar system formed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But star birth isn't the only thing these researchers want to see. They're also looking at the way stars die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Star on the Way Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the plane makes as sharp right turn, the telescope focuses on an object called NGC 7027. It's a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula\">planetary nebula\u003c/a> – also known as a dying star. McLean and his team are capturing an infrared image of the nebula, which is about 3,000 light years away. They can also see what it's made of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a distinctive shape. It's oval. There's a hole in the middle and that's because it literally is a shell of gas that came off the star,\" says McLean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7027 is dying because the star has run out of fuel – the same fate that our sun will face in about five billion years. As it dies, the star casts off its outer layers, shedding huge amounts of material to form a cloud around it. But it's not entirely a sad story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It won't be wasted,\" says McLean. \"The material that was thrown off by that star in its dying phase, somewhere, millions, perhaps billions of years from now, will find its way into a new star and the planets that form around it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From dead stars come new stars – and planets like our own. The oxygen and nitrogen in our bodies were once formed inside a star. \"The cosmos is within us,\" as astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://www.carlsagan.com/\">Carl Sagan\u003c/a> once said. \"We're made of star stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sky begins to lighten, we descend towards the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in the Mojave Desert, where the plane is based. The SOFIA telescope is now undergoing service upgrades and then will return to the skies three times a week. Astronomers from around the world are lining up to get on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/sofia_slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/26549/up-all-night-on-nasas-flying-telescope",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"quest_3",
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_13192",
"quest_246",
"quest_252",
"quest_3577",
"quest_1469",
"quest_1657",
"quest_1918",
"quest_13203",
"quest_2033",
"quest_13202",
"quest_2739",
"quest_2780",
"quest_2808",
"quest_2891",
"quest_3034"
],
"featImg": "quest_26551",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_30411": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_30411",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30411",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1328901989000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1328901989,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement",
"title": "Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve driven around California lately, you might not be surprised to hear that the state’s roads and highways aren’t in great shape. A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving the life of roads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Harvey of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Pavement Research Center\u003c/a> is a sort of pavement doctor. \"A pothole is when you put the electric paddles [to it]. The pavement is dead. You should never get to a pothole.\" You can probably guess what he talks about on long car trips. \"Actually I’ve had people threaten to kick me out of the car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0T0W2_LX-g\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis’s pavement testing facility, a huge machine is rolling a truck tire over a patch of asphalt. \"It goes back and forth,\" says Harvey. \"We’re probably looking at 20, 22,000 repetitions a day.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine simulates years of traffic in just weeks or months, which shows whether a pavement will last or fall apart - like the rutted test patch Harvey shows me nearby. \"There’s all kind of cracks all over it and that is a structural failure.\" Roads fail because of repeated stress, especially from heavy-duty vehicles. \"We only really design for truck traffic. You don’t even count the cars. They’re irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a road’s first enemy is trucks, its second is weather. Temperature changes from night to day, or summer to winter, cause roads to curl. And just like a paperclip, if you bend it enough, it breaks. \"You get enough cracking, the cracks connect up. And so the piece is just sitting in there with no connection and it pops out under traffic.\" Cities often fill potholes as a stop-gap, but Harvey says it’s a temporary fix. \"Maximum life of a pothole repair: one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the hurdle to fixing roads is cost. In 2009, Caltrans estimated that it needed more than six billion dollars to repair state highways. With the state budget in trouble, it got 1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30440\" title=\"Pavement-samples\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement-samples-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samples of asphalt being tested at UC Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1950s, road funding was plentiful. Car sales skyrocketed after World War II, which led Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=88\">Highway Act\u003c/a>, providing 51 billion dollars to be spent on highway construction. Around the same time, the Pavement Research Center was founded at UC Berkeley, just as engineering professor Carl Monismith arrived on campus. He says with the building boom, the state and federal government needed funding to maintain the roads. So, they set up gas taxes. \"The California tax in 1963 was 11 cents. And that bought a lot. It’s probably 18 cents now at the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas tax revenue has also fallen as cars have become more fuel efficient. That’s led analysts to predict that the federal Highway Trust Fund will be bankrupt by 2014. Monismith says many cities are already behind on maintaining their roads, so it’s tough to build new durable roads, which are more expensive. \"The Roman roads have lasted, what, twenty-some hundred years. But we couldn’t build them like that today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is - given the country spends an estimated 100 billion dollars a year on roads, even small improvements make a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quieter pavement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30437\" title=\"Sound-microphones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Sound-microphones-249x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers use the microphones on this “noise car” to measure the sound coming from the tires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a garage at UC Davis, John Harvey shows me what they use to test some of those improvements. This \"noise car\" is a Ford Escape hybrid with a large contraption on the back bumper. Harvey says, \"These are directional microphones. So the idea is to screen out everything but the noise coming from the tire-pavement interface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know the sound of the wooshing of a freeway. At high speeds, that noise is mostly coming from the pavement. \"The tire is squeezing air out from under it continuously and that’s the hissing sound.\" The microphones on this car are just inches from the ground, so Harvey and his team can record newly designed quieter pavements, like sections of concrete installed on I-5 in Sacramento. \"We’re designing the pavement so the surface is porous and the air can be squeezed out from the tire and actually squeezed down into the pavement and that drops the noise considerably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeway noise is mostly controlled with sound walls in California, but Harvey says they’re often more expensive than building the road itself. Some next-generation pavements will also save money for consumers - since roads affect how much fuel a car uses. \"You’re consuming energy in your shock absorber. And your tires are actually consuming energy. They’re interacting with the surface of the road.\" The bumpier the road, the more work your car has to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you smooth a road, you can get two to five percent improvement in fuel economy, depending on the current roughness.\" And since that affects all the cars on the road, Harvey says it’s a way to cut greenhouse gas emissions under California’s landmark climate change law. Cleaner car regulations will undoubtedly make up the bulk of those cuts, but Harvey hopes that pavement will also get its due.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "30411 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=30411",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/10/building-better-roads/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 957,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1450495479,
"excerpt": "A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week. Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars, by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week. Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars, by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.",
"title": "Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Building Better Roads with Next Generation Pavement",
"datePublished": "2012-02-10T11:26:29-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-12-18T19:24:39-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "building-better-roads",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-13-quest.mp3",
"source": "Engineering",
"path": "/quest/30411/building-better-roads",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve driven around California lately, you might not be surprised to hear that the state’s roads and highways aren’t in great shape. A third of Bay Area roads are in poor condition and funding is dwindling on the state and federal level. That’s something Congress is discussing in Washington this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers at two University of California campuses are trying to find ways to stretch those sparse dollars by making pavement quieter, greener and more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving the life of roads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Harvey of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Pavement Research Center\u003c/a> is a sort of pavement doctor. \"A pothole is when you put the electric paddles [to it]. The pavement is dead. You should never get to a pothole.\" You can probably guess what he talks about on long car trips. \"Actually I’ve had people threaten to kick me out of the car.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l0T0W2_LX-g'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l0T0W2_LX-g'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis’s pavement testing facility, a huge machine is rolling a truck tire over a patch of asphalt. \"It goes back and forth,\" says Harvey. \"We’re probably looking at 20, 22,000 repetitions a day.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine simulates years of traffic in just weeks or months, which shows whether a pavement will last or fall apart - like the rutted test patch Harvey shows me nearby. \"There’s all kind of cracks all over it and that is a structural failure.\" Roads fail because of repeated stress, especially from heavy-duty vehicles. \"We only really design for truck traffic. You don’t even count the cars. They’re irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a road’s first enemy is trucks, its second is weather. Temperature changes from night to day, or summer to winter, cause roads to curl. And just like a paperclip, if you bend it enough, it breaks. \"You get enough cracking, the cracks connect up. And so the piece is just sitting in there with no connection and it pops out under traffic.\" Cities often fill potholes as a stop-gap, but Harvey says it’s a temporary fix. \"Maximum life of a pothole repair: one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the hurdle to fixing roads is cost. In 2009, Caltrans estimated that it needed more than six billion dollars to repair state highways. With the state budget in trouble, it got 1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30440\" title=\"Pavement-samples\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Pavement-samples-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samples of asphalt being tested at UC Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1950s, road funding was plentiful. Car sales skyrocketed after World War II, which led Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=88\">Highway Act\u003c/a>, providing 51 billion dollars to be spent on highway construction. Around the same time, the Pavement Research Center was founded at UC Berkeley, just as engineering professor Carl Monismith arrived on campus. He says with the building boom, the state and federal government needed funding to maintain the roads. So, they set up gas taxes. \"The California tax in 1963 was 11 cents. And that bought a lot. It’s probably 18 cents now at the most.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas tax revenue has also fallen as cars have become more fuel efficient. That’s led analysts to predict that the federal Highway Trust Fund will be bankrupt by 2014. Monismith says many cities are already behind on maintaining their roads, so it’s tough to build new durable roads, which are more expensive. \"The Roman roads have lasted, what, twenty-some hundred years. But we couldn’t build them like that today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is - given the country spends an estimated 100 billion dollars a year on roads, even small improvements make a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quieter pavement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30437\" title=\"Sound-microphones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Sound-microphones-249x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers use the microphones on this “noise car” to measure the sound coming from the tires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a garage at UC Davis, John Harvey shows me what they use to test some of those improvements. This \"noise car\" is a Ford Escape hybrid with a large contraption on the back bumper. Harvey says, \"These are directional microphones. So the idea is to screen out everything but the noise coming from the tire-pavement interface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know the sound of the wooshing of a freeway. At high speeds, that noise is mostly coming from the pavement. \"The tire is squeezing air out from under it continuously and that’s the hissing sound.\" The microphones on this car are just inches from the ground, so Harvey and his team can record newly designed quieter pavements, like sections of concrete installed on I-5 in Sacramento. \"We’re designing the pavement so the surface is porous and the air can be squeezed out from the tire and actually squeezed down into the pavement and that drops the noise considerably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeway noise is mostly controlled with sound walls in California, but Harvey says they’re often more expensive than building the road itself. Some next-generation pavements will also save money for consumers - since roads affect how much fuel a car uses. \"You’re consuming energy in your shock absorber. And your tires are actually consuming energy. They’re interacting with the surface of the road.\" The bumpier the road, the more work your car has to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you smooth a road, you can get two to five percent improvement in fuel economy, depending on the current roughness.\" And since that affects all the cars on the road, Harvey says it’s a way to cut greenhouse gas emissions under California’s landmark climate change law. Cleaner car regulations will undoubtedly make up the bulk of those cuts, but Harvey hopes that pavement will also get its due.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/30411/building-better-roads",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_17"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_499",
"quest_10688",
"quest_13203",
"quest_10695",
"quest_13",
"quest_10696",
"quest_10697",
"quest_10686",
"quest_3000",
"quest_10687"
],
"featImg": "quest_30424",
"label": "source_quest_30411"
},
"quest_30013": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_30013",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "30013",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1328112553000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1328112553,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Smitten Ice Cream: Old Fashioned Ice Cream in Sixty Seconds",
"title": "Smitten Ice Cream: Old Fashioned Ice Cream in Sixty Seconds",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30015\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/01/smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds/smitten-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30015\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"smitten 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30015\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Sarah Deragon, PortraitsToThePeople\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I am lucky enough to live in Hayes Valley, I’ve been living here for about four years now and have been privy to great community engagement; especially around the park at Hayes and Octavia. There is such a diversity of people that congregate in the park and one of the new neighbors has definitely added to the charm of the environs – \u003ca href=\"http://www.smittenicecream.com\">Smitten Ice Cream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first flavor I tried was salted caramel, and it was hands down the best ice cream I had ever tasted. Since then, when I have guests visiting, I make sure that one of the local stops is Smitten. The ice cream is made to order only using the freshest local ingredients and it is frozen within 60 seconds using liquid nitrogen with a freezing point of -321 degrees F or 76 degrees Kelvin giving it a unique texture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I heard Robyn Sue Goldman, owner of Smitten and Cory Bloome, the engineer responsible for fine tuning Robyn’s first prototype to mix the ice cream, speak about Smitten on Wednesday, January 18th at \u003ca href=\"http://sf.nerdnite.com/\">Nerd Nite\u003c/a>. Smitten’s story from wagon to the Hayes Valley location is a great blend of quality and innovation. Robyn’s initial vision with Smitten was to get closer to the cow. With traditional ice cream that is frozen with conventional techniques, the texture is often stabilized with additives, emulsifiers or preservatives which mask natural ingredients. Old-fashioned ice cream in contrast has a few simple ingredients but takes quite some time to freeze. Introducing liquid nitrogen enabled Robyn to create ice cream the old fashioned way without the wait time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first ice cream machine was created and tested by Robyn through trial and error over many years. One of the major hurdles was to create a mixing apparatus that could properly and consistently mix the ice cream, without over-freezing or under-freezing any portion of it, which is easy to do with liquid nitrogen. She developed and later patented her creation of two swirling mixing arms with a helix design. She named the unique, patented mixer \"Kelvin,\" giving tribute to the measurement of intense cold. Kelvin’s design, with the help of liquid nitrogen, creates a lower ice cream-freezing temperature while perfecting the mixing technique, resulting in the formation of smaller ice crystals in the finished product. These exceptionally small ice crystals are the reason why Smitten Ice Cream is so intensely creamy. To test her invention, Robyn initially hit the streets of San Francisco with Kelvin strapped on top of a Radio Flyer wagon and made incredible ice cream to-order. Popularity for Smitten Ice Cream grew, and the need for a store became tangible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before a store could be created, Kelvin needed to be refurbished and approved by UL, the regulatory agent. That is where Cory Bloome came in, affectionately dubbed “The Kelvin Doctor. Cory was the engineer who took Robyn’s prototype and list of improvements and fabricated the next generation of Kelvin’s for the store. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four Kelvins are now busy mixing at the Smitten storefront at 432 Octavia St. (@ Linden St.). Try it for yourself if you find yourself in the neighborhood. Ice cream is served each day starting at noon. Monday through Thursday and Sunday, the ice cream is put away at 9pm; yet, Friday and Saturday you can come as late as 10pm for your fix. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "30013 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=30013",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/01/smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 583,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1329183810,
"excerpt": "When I have guests visiting, I make sure that one of the local stops is Smitten. The ice cream is made to order only using the freshest local ingredients and it is frozen within 60 seconds using liquid nitrogen.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "When I have guests visiting, I make sure that one of the local stops is Smitten. The ice cream is made to order only using the freshest local ingredients and it is frozen within 60 seconds using liquid nitrogen.",
"title": "Smitten Ice Cream: Old Fashioned Ice Cream in Sixty Seconds | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Smitten Ice Cream: Old Fashioned Ice Cream in Sixty Seconds",
"datePublished": "2012-02-01T08:09:13-08:00",
"dateModified": "2012-02-13T17:43:30-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/30013/smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30015\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/01/smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds/smitten-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30015\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/smitten-2-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"smitten 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-30015\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Sarah Deragon, PortraitsToThePeople\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I am lucky enough to live in Hayes Valley, I’ve been living here for about four years now and have been privy to great community engagement; especially around the park at Hayes and Octavia. There is such a diversity of people that congregate in the park and one of the new neighbors has definitely added to the charm of the environs – \u003ca href=\"http://www.smittenicecream.com\">Smitten Ice Cream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first flavor I tried was salted caramel, and it was hands down the best ice cream I had ever tasted. Since then, when I have guests visiting, I make sure that one of the local stops is Smitten. The ice cream is made to order only using the freshest local ingredients and it is frozen within 60 seconds using liquid nitrogen with a freezing point of -321 degrees F or 76 degrees Kelvin giving it a unique texture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I heard Robyn Sue Goldman, owner of Smitten and Cory Bloome, the engineer responsible for fine tuning Robyn’s first prototype to mix the ice cream, speak about Smitten on Wednesday, January 18th at \u003ca href=\"http://sf.nerdnite.com/\">Nerd Nite\u003c/a>. Smitten’s story from wagon to the Hayes Valley location is a great blend of quality and innovation. Robyn’s initial vision with Smitten was to get closer to the cow. With traditional ice cream that is frozen with conventional techniques, the texture is often stabilized with additives, emulsifiers or preservatives which mask natural ingredients. Old-fashioned ice cream in contrast has a few simple ingredients but takes quite some time to freeze. Introducing liquid nitrogen enabled Robyn to create ice cream the old fashioned way without the wait time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first ice cream machine was created and tested by Robyn through trial and error over many years. One of the major hurdles was to create a mixing apparatus that could properly and consistently mix the ice cream, without over-freezing or under-freezing any portion of it, which is easy to do with liquid nitrogen. She developed and later patented her creation of two swirling mixing arms with a helix design. She named the unique, patented mixer \"Kelvin,\" giving tribute to the measurement of intense cold. Kelvin’s design, with the help of liquid nitrogen, creates a lower ice cream-freezing temperature while perfecting the mixing technique, resulting in the formation of smaller ice crystals in the finished product. These exceptionally small ice crystals are the reason why Smitten Ice Cream is so intensely creamy. To test her invention, Robyn initially hit the streets of San Francisco with Kelvin strapped on top of a Radio Flyer wagon and made incredible ice cream to-order. Popularity for Smitten Ice Cream grew, and the need for a store became tangible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before a store could be created, Kelvin needed to be refurbished and approved by UL, the regulatory agent. That is where Cory Bloome came in, affectionately dubbed “The Kelvin Doctor. Cory was the engineer who took Robyn’s prototype and list of improvements and fabricated the next generation of Kelvin’s for the store. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four Kelvins are now busy mixing at the Smitten storefront at 432 Octavia St. (@ Linden St.). Try it for yourself if you find yourself in the neighborhood. Ice cream is served each day starting at noon. Monday through Thursday and Sunday, the ice cream is put away at 9pm; yet, Friday and Saturday you can come as late as 10pm for your fix. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/30013/smitten-ice-cream-old-fashioned-ice-cream-in-sixty-seconds",
"authors": [
"10173"
],
"categories": [
"quest_5",
"quest_8",
"quest_3229"
],
"tags": [
"quest_13194",
"quest_10660",
"quest_10661",
"quest_13202"
],
"featImg": "quest_30015",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_29849": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_29849",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "29849",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1327733857000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1327733857,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Surgeons Seek Kid-Sized Tools for the Operating Room ",
"title": "Surgeons Seek Kid-Sized Tools for the Operating Room ",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"xray\" title=\"xray\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-29972\">\u003c/a>If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in hospitals, too. Just take the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of California San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Mardi Thompson was swaddling a baby the size of a burrito with firm assurance. She's been a nurse here for 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the babies who come through here were born prematurely. Others were born with congenital defects; some part of their internal anatomy didn’t develop the way it’s supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe their diaphragm is missing, or part of their intestine is outside of their chest,\" says Thompson. Some suffer from a condition called esophageal atresia, in which the child's feeding tube isn't properly connected to her stomach. That condition affects roughly one in every 4,000 children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with Tools Too Big for the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are what Sanjeev Dutta refers to as \"plumbing problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta is a pediatric surgeon at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, in Palo Alto, where he operates on children with these and other problems. He says often, the instruments he uses when he does these surgeries weren’t built for tiny babies. They were made for adults. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We struggle with instruments that were never designed for the type of patient we are working on, and we adapt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says the issue here isn’t safety. Most of these surgeries are, by now, pretty routine. But pediatric surgeons have to improvise in ways other surgeons don’t. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with tools that are several times too large for his tiny patients, Dutta is sometimes forced to stand a foot and a half away from his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size isn't the only problem pediatric surgeons face. Many pediatric procedures are specific to infants and children, fixes to problems that, unaddressed, would be fatal. In such cases, often the right tools simply don't exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because of problems like these, pediatric surgeons have a reputation as being mavericks, people who are particularly good at improvising the tools they might need to operate successfully. No one fits that mold as well as \u003ca href=\"http://fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/our_team/harrison_bio.asp\">Michael Harrison\u003c/a>, at UCSF.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA History of Improvisation and Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is known as the father of fetal surgery. He says twenty years ago, when the field was just getting started, his team had to make almost everything from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to make all the tools and devices that allowed the fetal surgery, [the tools for] the the mom, and opening and closing the uterus. All that stuff we had to make up, because the tools were ten times too big.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison describes this era -- the 1970s and early 80s -- as a golden age of pediatric surgery, a time when you could rig up a new tool or procedure, run tests on animals, if necessary, and then bring it into the operating room. He says he never felt like they had a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s almost a moral imperative. It’s usually in a circumstance where this kid is going to die. The only way we think we might be able to save him is this new way. We’d have to have this thing. Let’s do it. And that’s what we can’t do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid 1970s, the FDA began regulating \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/default.htm\">surgical devices\u003c/a>, much the same way it regulates drugs. It can take a decade to get a device through the regulatory process, sometimes longer for pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison says this -- along with the fact that many pediatric surgical procedures are rare -- has had a chilling effect on medical device manufacturers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The market is too small to justify the research and development for new devices,\" he says. \"That’s the fundamental problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Congress passed the Pediatric Medical Device Act, which set aside a small pot of money, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/resources/regulation\">administered\u003c/a> through the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products, to spur innovation in the field of pediatric surgery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was initially intended to receive $6 million for each two-year cycle, but appropriations have come out much lower: $2 million dollars for 2009-2010 and $3 million for 2011-2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to bring together doctors and engineers to solve problems in pediatric surgery. These are the kinds of partnerships that Mike Harrison has been trying to forge for a decade. He says it can be a culture clash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re, you know, sort of blood and guts. We're saying, 'hey we've got to have this device, we’re going into the operating room tomorrow.' And they were thinking nanotechnology and PhDs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDeveloping Tomorrow's Kid-Sized Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA money is making these partnerships routine at a\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DevelopingProductsforRareDiseasesConditions/PediatricDeviceConsortiaGrantsProgram/ucm272643.htm\"> handful of institutions \u003c/a>across the country, including Georgia, Michigan, and here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pectus implant gen 3\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29855\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Magnetic Mini Mover uses two rare earth magnets to slowly reconfigure a sunken chest, similar in concept to orthodontics. Courtesy UCSF. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UCSF has received about a million dollars since 2009. That money has supported the development of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices\">tools\u003c/a> to treat scoliosis, kidney failure and sunken chest, among other conditions. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices/magnetic-mini-mover\">pectus, or sunken chest device\u003c/a>, is in clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Palo Alto, Sanjeev Dutta has \u003ca href=\"http://mistralpediatric.org/team.html\">paired up\u003c/a> with an engineer named Pablo Garcia, from SRI International, in Menlo Park. In 2009, he and Sanjeev Dutta received 500 thousand dollars to fund their collaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia says there was an adjustment period on both sides, as he and Dutta learned how to collaborate. \"When you actually put yourself in shoes of surgeon, things you thought were important actually are not. And things that you overlooked turn out to be the driving factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of their first meetings, says Garcia, Dutta asked whether a certain robotic instrument could be made smaller. \"Sure,\" said Garcia. \"But it'll take five to ten years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the projects Garcia has developed in collaboration with Dutta is a catheter used to deliver nerve blocks to kids who have broken, for example, an arm or a leg. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current catheters, says Garcia, \"are placed blindly, based on anatomical landmarks, and they often get dislodged. So the catheter we designed has some features in the tip that allow it to grab onto the tissue, lock onto it, and navigate it in a more effective way than the current catheters.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Dutta's favorite tools is a device used to treat esophageal atresia. The surgery is complex and often invasive. Dutta says many surgeons rely on the same techniques they've been using for decades. A newer, less invasive method is becoming more common, but it's technically very difficult. Dutta and Garcia have developed a tool designed to make the less invasive procedure much easier, so that more kids can recover faster, and with less scarring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29857\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pyloromyotomy combo tool\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype tool used to perform cutting and spreading functions in the treatment of esophageal atresia. Courtesy SRI International. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tool is just a prototype now, with many stages of trials standing between it and the operating room. With Dutta and Garcia's FDA funding running out, they'll need to find other ways to fund their work on this and other devices. Dutta hopes that private philanthropy can bridge the gap between R&D and commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says he knows, from the perspective of a commercial manufacturer, that the market for a tool like this is just too small to be profitable. \"Eyes glaze over,\" he says, \"if they hear ten thousand cases a year.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what people need to realize, he says, is that the market could be a lot bigger. What’s helpful to kids could be useful in adult surgeries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to do is figure out how we can connect the two markets,\" he says, \"and make them sort of symbiotic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Dutta and others are learning how to be not just surgeons, but entrepreneurs. Their business will be nurturing these products to the point where someone else will see the profit in making them.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "29849 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=29849",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/27/surgeons-seek-kid-sized-tools-for-the-operating-room/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1409,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 40
},
"modified": 1370996777,
"excerpt": "If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. Well, this is a real problem in hospitals, too. Especially when it comes to kids. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. Well, this is a real problem in hospitals, too. Especially when it comes to kids. ",
"title": "Surgeons Seek Kid-Sized Tools for the Operating Room | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Surgeons Seek Kid-Sized Tools for the Operating Room ",
"datePublished": "2012-01-27T22:57:37-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-06-11T17:26:17-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "surgeons-seek-kid-sized-tools-for-the-operating-room",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/29849/surgeons-seek-kid-sized-tools-for-the-operating-room",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-30-quest.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/01/2012-01-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/xray-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"xray\" title=\"xray\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-29972\">\u003c/a>If you’ve ever spent time in Silicon Valley or among hi-tech entrepreneurs, you may have heard the term “Valley of Death.” It’s used to describe the huge gulf that can exist between coming up with a new idea, and getting a product to market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in hospitals, too. Just take the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of California San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Mardi Thompson was swaddling a baby the size of a burrito with firm assurance. She's been a nurse here for 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the babies who come through here were born prematurely. Others were born with congenital defects; some part of their internal anatomy didn’t develop the way it’s supposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe their diaphragm is missing, or part of their intestine is outside of their chest,\" says Thompson. Some suffer from a condition called esophageal atresia, in which the child's feeding tube isn't properly connected to her stomach. That condition affects roughly one in every 4,000 children. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with Tools Too Big for the Job\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are what Sanjeev Dutta refers to as \"plumbing problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta is a pediatric surgeon at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, in Palo Alto, where he operates on children with these and other problems. He says often, the instruments he uses when he does these surgeries weren’t built for tiny babies. They were made for adults. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We struggle with instruments that were never designed for the type of patient we are working on, and we adapt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says the issue here isn’t safety. Most of these surgeries are, by now, pretty routine. But pediatric surgeons have to improvise in ways other surgeons don’t. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with tools that are several times too large for his tiny patients, Dutta is sometimes forced to stand a foot and a half away from his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size isn't the only problem pediatric surgeons face. Many pediatric procedures are specific to infants and children, fixes to problems that, unaddressed, would be fatal. In such cases, often the right tools simply don't exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because of problems like these, pediatric surgeons have a reputation as being mavericks, people who are particularly good at improvising the tools they might need to operate successfully. No one fits that mold as well as \u003ca href=\"http://fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/our_team/harrison_bio.asp\">Michael Harrison\u003c/a>, at UCSF.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA History of Improvisation and Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is known as the father of fetal surgery. He says twenty years ago, when the field was just getting started, his team had to make almost everything from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to make all the tools and devices that allowed the fetal surgery, [the tools for] the the mom, and opening and closing the uterus. All that stuff we had to make up, because the tools were ten times too big.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison describes this era -- the 1970s and early 80s -- as a golden age of pediatric surgery, a time when you could rig up a new tool or procedure, run tests on animals, if necessary, and then bring it into the operating room. He says he never felt like they had a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s almost a moral imperative. It’s usually in a circumstance where this kid is going to die. The only way we think we might be able to save him is this new way. We’d have to have this thing. Let’s do it. And that’s what we can’t do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid 1970s, the FDA began regulating \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/default.htm\">surgical devices\u003c/a>, much the same way it regulates drugs. It can take a decade to get a device through the regulatory process, sometimes longer for pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison says this -- along with the fact that many pediatric surgical procedures are rare -- has had a chilling effect on medical device manufacturers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The market is too small to justify the research and development for new devices,\" he says. \"That’s the fundamental problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Congress passed the Pediatric Medical Device Act, which set aside a small pot of money, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/resources/regulation\">administered\u003c/a> through the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products, to spur innovation in the field of pediatric surgery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was initially intended to receive $6 million for each two-year cycle, but appropriations have come out much lower: $2 million dollars for 2009-2010 and $3 million for 2011-2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to bring together doctors and engineers to solve problems in pediatric surgery. These are the kinds of partnerships that Mike Harrison has been trying to forge for a decade. He says it can be a culture clash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re, you know, sort of blood and guts. We're saying, 'hey we've got to have this device, we’re going into the operating room tomorrow.' And they were thinking nanotechnology and PhDs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDeveloping Tomorrow's Kid-Sized Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA money is making these partnerships routine at a\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DevelopingProductsforRareDiseasesConditions/PediatricDeviceConsortiaGrantsProgram/ucm272643.htm\"> handful of institutions \u003c/a>across the country, including Georgia, Michigan, and here in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Pectus-implant-gen-3-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pectus implant gen 3\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29855\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Magnetic Mini Mover uses two rare earth magnets to slowly reconfigure a sunken chest, similar in concept to orthodontics. Courtesy UCSF. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UCSF has received about a million dollars since 2009. That money has supported the development of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices\">tools\u003c/a> to treat scoliosis, kidney failure and sunken chest, among other conditions. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pediatricdeviceconsortium.org/devices/magnetic-mini-mover\">pectus, or sunken chest device\u003c/a>, is in clinical trials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Palo Alto, Sanjeev Dutta has \u003ca href=\"http://mistralpediatric.org/team.html\">paired up\u003c/a> with an engineer named Pablo Garcia, from SRI International, in Menlo Park. In 2009, he and Sanjeev Dutta received 500 thousand dollars to fund their collaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia says there was an adjustment period on both sides, as he and Dutta learned how to collaborate. \"When you actually put yourself in shoes of surgeon, things you thought were important actually are not. And things that you overlooked turn out to be the driving factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of their first meetings, says Garcia, Dutta asked whether a certain robotic instrument could be made smaller. \"Sure,\" said Garcia. \"But it'll take five to ten years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the projects Garcia has developed in collaboration with Dutta is a catheter used to deliver nerve blocks to kids who have broken, for example, an arm or a leg. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current catheters, says Garcia, \"are placed blindly, based on anatomical landmarks, and they often get dislodged. So the catheter we designed has some features in the tip that allow it to grab onto the tissue, lock onto it, and navigate it in a more effective way than the current catheters.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Dutta's favorite tools is a device used to treat esophageal atresia. The surgery is complex and often invasive. Dutta says many surgeons rely on the same techniques they've been using for decades. A newer, less invasive method is becoming more common, but it's technically very difficult. Dutta and Garcia have developed a tool designed to make the less invasive procedure much easier, so that more kids can recover faster, and with less scarring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29857\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/pyloromyotomy-combo-tool-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pyloromyotomy combo tool\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-29857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype tool used to perform cutting and spreading functions in the treatment of esophageal atresia. Courtesy SRI International. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tool is just a prototype now, with many stages of trials standing between it and the operating room. With Dutta and Garcia's FDA funding running out, they'll need to find other ways to fund their work on this and other devices. Dutta hopes that private philanthropy can bridge the gap between R&D and commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dutta says he knows, from the perspective of a commercial manufacturer, that the market for a tool like this is just too small to be profitable. \"Eyes glaze over,\" he says, \"if they hear ten thousand cases a year.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what people need to realize, he says, is that the market could be a lot bigger. What’s helpful to kids could be useful in adult surgeries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to do is figure out how we can connect the two markets,\" he says, \"and make them sort of symbiotic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Dutta and others are learning how to be not just surgeons, but entrepreneurs. Their business will be nurturing these products to the point where someone else will see the profit in making them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/29849/surgeons-seek-kid-sized-tools-for-the-operating-room",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_10652",
"quest_13203",
"quest_10653",
"quest_10649",
"quest_13202",
"quest_10650",
"quest_10651"
],
"featImg": "quest_29972",
"label": "quest"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/quest?category=engineering": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 156,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 581,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"quest_33245",
"quest_32774",
"quest_32568",
"quest_32581",
"quest_32477",
"quest_31534",
"quest_31369",
"quest_30909",
"quest_26549",
"quest_30411",
"quest_30013",
"quest_29849"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest_category_engineering": {
"isLoading": true
},
"quest_8": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "8",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/engineering"
},
"source_quest_30411": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_30411",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Engineering",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"isLoading": false
},
"quest_4": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/biology"
},
"quest_11765": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11765",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11765",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11799,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/energy"
},
"quest_9": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/environment"
},
"quest_10848": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10848",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10848",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ARPA-E",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ARPA-E Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10881,
"slug": "arpa-e",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/arpa-e"
},
"quest_10849": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10849",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10849",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Arun Majumdar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Arun Majumdar Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10882,
"slug": "arun-majumdar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/arun-majumdar"
},
"quest_252": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_252",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "252",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "audio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 254,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/audio"
},
"quest_10247": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10247",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10247",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "clean technology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "clean technology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10280,
"slug": "clean-technology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/clean-technology"
},
"quest_853": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_853",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "853",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "doe",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "doe Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 858,
"slug": "doe",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/doe"
},
"quest_13203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2001,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/news"
},
"quest_13202": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13202",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13202",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3254,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_3357": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3357",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3357",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Clean Energy",
"description": "\u003cstrong>A special collection of our in-depth clean energy coverage.\u003c/strong>",
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "A special collection of our in-depth clean energy coverage.",
"title": "Clean Energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3382,
"slug": "clean-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/collection/clean-energy"
},
"quest_12": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/health"
},
"quest_10786": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10786",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10786",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conduction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conduction Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10819,
"slug": "conduction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/conduction"
},
"quest_1122": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1122",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1122",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1131,
"slug": "tag-food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-food"
},
"quest_1334": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1334",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1334",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "heat",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "heat Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1345,
"slug": "heat",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/heat"
},
"quest_10784": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10784",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10784",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "microwave",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "microwave Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10817,
"slug": "microwave",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/microwave"
},
"quest_10785": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10785",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10785",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oven",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oven Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10818,
"slug": "oven",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/oven"
},
"quest_3354": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3354",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3354",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food and Wine",
"description": "\u003cstrong>Sample our tasty coverage of local food and wine stories.\u003c/strong>",
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Sample our tasty coverage of local food and wine stories.",
"title": "Food and Wine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3379,
"slug": "food-and-wine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/collection/food-and-wine"
},
"quest_848": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_848",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "848",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dna",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dna Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 853,
"slug": "dna",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dna"
},
"quest_1166": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1166",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1166",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "game",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "game Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1175,
"slug": "game",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/game"
},
"quest_10782": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10782",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10782",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "game developers conference",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "game developers conference Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10815,
"slug": "game-developers-conference",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/game-developers-conference"
},
"quest_13201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1338,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/health"
},
"quest_10539": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10539",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10539",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Phylo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Phylo Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10572,
"slug": "phylo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/phylo"
},
"quest_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1594,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_10781": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10781",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10781",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DART buoys",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DART buoys Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10814,
"slug": "dart-buoys",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dart-buoys"
},
"quest_3351": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3351",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3351",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqed",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqed Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3376,
"slug": "kqed",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/kqed"
},
"quest_2001": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2001",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2001",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2014,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/noaa"
},
"quest_2141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pbs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pbs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2155,
"slug": "pbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pbs"
},
"quest_2349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2364,
"slug": "quest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest"
},
"quest_10780": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10780",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10780",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tsunami warning system",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tsunami warning system Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10813,
"slug": "tsunami-warning-system",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tsunami-warning-system"
},
"quest_10779": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10779",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10779",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tsunamis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tsunamis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10812,
"slug": "tsunamis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tsunamis"
},
"quest_3048": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3048",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3048",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "usgs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "usgs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3065,
"slug": "usgs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/usgs"
},
"quest_10636": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10636",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10636",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Clean Car Diaries",
"description": "With a number of electric cars hitting the roads, we asked every day drivers of these new clean vehicles to share their stories. Quest’s editor, Andrea Kissack, just began driving an all-electric Nissan Leaf and will lead us through her journey as well as other early adopters’ tales. You can read all about it in our new blog series. ",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "With a number of electric cars hitting the roads, we asked every day drivers of these new clean vehicles to share their stories. Quest’s editor, Andrea Kissack, just began driving an all-electric Nissan Leaf and will lead us through her journey as well as other early adopters’ tales. You can read all about it in our new blog series.",
"title": "Clean Car Diaries Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10669,
"slug": "clean-car-diaries",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/series/clean-car-diaries"
},
"quest_10776": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10776",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10776",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "advanced technology vehicles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "advanced technology vehicles Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10809,
"slug": "advanced-technology-vehicles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/advanced-technology-vehicles"
},
"quest_951": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_951",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "951",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Electric cars",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Electric cars Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 957,
"slug": "electric-cars",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/electric-cars"
},
"quest_10774": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10774",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10774",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EV everywhere challenge",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EV everywhere challenge Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10807,
"slug": "ev-everywhere-challenge",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ev-everywhere-challenge"
},
"quest_10775": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10775",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10775",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "GM's Volt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "GM's Volt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10808,
"slug": "gms-volt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/gms-volt"
},
"quest_10773": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10773",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10773",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "President Obama's clean car initiatve",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "President Obama's clean car initiatve Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10806,
"slug": "president-obamas-clean-car-initiatve",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/president-obamas-clean-car-initiatve"
},
"quest_10742": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10742",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10742",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Carpool stickers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Carpool stickers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10775,
"slug": "carpool-stickers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/carpool-stickers"
},
"quest_569": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_569",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "569",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "chevy volt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "chevy volt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 573,
"slug": "chevy-volt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/chevy-volt"
},
"quest_10741": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10741",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10741",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Plug-in Prius",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Plug-in Prius Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10774,
"slug": "plug-in-prius",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/plug-in-prius"
},
"quest_950": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_950",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "950",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "electric car",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "electric car Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 956,
"slug": "electric-car",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/electric-car"
},
"quest_1997": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1997",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1997",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "nissan leaf",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "nissan leaf Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2010,
"slug": "nissan-leaf",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/nissan-leaf"
},
"quest_10740": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10740",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10740",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tesla batteries",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tesla batteries Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10773,
"slug": "tesla-batteries",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tesla-batteries"
},
"quest_10739": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10739",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10739",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tesla brick problem",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tesla brick problem Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10772,
"slug": "tesla-brick-problem",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tesla-brick-problem"
},
"quest_3091": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3091",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3091",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Volt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Volt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3108,
"slug": "volt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/volt"
},
"quest_616": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_616",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "616",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "clean energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "clean energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 620,
"slug": "tag-clean-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-clean-energy"
},
"quest_2193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "photosynthesis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "photosynthesis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2207,
"slug": "photosynthesis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/photosynthesis"
},
"quest_2220": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2220",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2220",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "plants",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "plants Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2235,
"slug": "plants",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/plants"
},
"quest_2708": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2708",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2708",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar panels",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar panels Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2724,
"slug": "solar-panels",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/solar-panels"
},
"quest_3": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/astronomy"
},
"quest_13192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 245,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/astronomy"
},
"quest_246": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_246",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "246",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "atmosphere",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "atmosphere Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 248,
"slug": "atmosphere",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/atmosphere"
},
"quest_3577": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3577",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3577",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "flight",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "flight Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3604,
"slug": "flight",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/flight"
},
"quest_1469": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1469",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1469",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "infrared light",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "infrared light Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1480,
"slug": "infrared-light",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/infrared-light"
},
"quest_1657": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1657",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1657",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "light",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "light Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1669,
"slug": "light",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/light"
},
"quest_1918": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1918",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1918",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "nasa",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "nasa Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1930,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/nasa"
},
"quest_2033": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2033",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2033",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "observatory",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "observatory Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2046,
"slug": "observatory",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/observatory"
},
"quest_2739": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2739",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2739",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "space",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "space Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2755,
"slug": "space",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/space"
},
"quest_2780": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2780",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2780",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stars",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stars Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2796,
"slug": "stars",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stars"
},
"quest_2808": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2808",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2808",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2824,
"slug": "stratospheric-observatory-for-infrared-astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stratospheric-observatory-for-infrared-astronomy"
},
"quest_2891": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2891",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2891",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "telescope",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "telescope Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2907,
"slug": "telescope",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/telescope"
},
"quest_3034": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3034",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3034",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "universe",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "universe Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3051,
"slug": "universe",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/universe"
},
"quest_17": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_17",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "17",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/radio"
},
"quest_499": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_499",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "499",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cars",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cars Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 502,
"slug": "cars",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cars"
},
"quest_10688": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10688",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10688",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Federal Highway Act 1956",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Federal Highway Act 1956 Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10721,
"slug": "federal-highway-act-1956",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/federal-highway-act-1956"
},
"quest_10695": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10695",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10695",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pavement",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pavement Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10728,
"slug": "pavement",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pavement"
},
"quest_10696": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10696",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10696",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "roads",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "roads Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10729,
"slug": "roads",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/roads"
},
"quest_10697": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10697",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10697",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "transporation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "transporation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10730,
"slug": "transporation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/transporation"
},
"quest_10686": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10686",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10686",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "transportation bill",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "transportation bill Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10719,
"slug": "transportation-bill",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/transportation-bill"
},
"quest_3000": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3000",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3000",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "trucks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "trucks Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3016,
"slug": "trucks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/trucks"
},
"quest_10687": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10687",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10687",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "UC Pavement Research Center",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "UC Pavement Research Center Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10720,
"slug": "uc-pavement-research-center",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/uc-pavement-research-center"
},
"quest_5": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_5",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "5",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/chemistry"
},
"quest_3229": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3229",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3229",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3248,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/food"
},
"quest_13194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 566,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/chemistry"
},
"quest_10660": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10660",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10660",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ice cream",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ice cream Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10693,
"slug": "ice-cream",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ice-cream"
},
"quest_10661": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10661",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10661",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "liquid nitrogen",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "liquid nitrogen Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10694,
"slug": "liquid-nitrogen",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/liquid-nitrogen"
},
"quest_10652": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10652",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10652",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "michael harrison",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "michael harrison Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10685,
"slug": "michael-harrison",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/michael-harrison"
},
"quest_10653": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10653",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10653",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pablo Garcia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pablo Garcia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10686,
"slug": "pablo-garcia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pablo-garcia"
},
"quest_10649": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10649",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10649",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pediatric device consortium",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pediatric device consortium Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10682,
"slug": "pediatric-device-consortium",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pediatric-device-consortium"
},
"quest_10650": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10650",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10650",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sanjeev dutta",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sanjeev dutta Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10683,
"slug": "sanjeev-dutta",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sanjeev-dutta"
},
"quest_10651": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10651",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10651",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "SRI",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "SRI Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10684,
"slug": "sri",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sri"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
