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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different Garbelotto study showed that a phosphonate fungicide, brand-named Agri-Fos, can prevent the onset of Sudden Oak Death, for a period of about two years. This is the only product on the market that is effective, he said – not as a cure, but as a two-year preventative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people who love their oak trees decide to try both treatments, Garbelotto said. And since the phosphonate that does work is acidic, and the calcium treatment that doesn't work is basic, then you could end up inhibiting the treatment that actually works. That is, if you use both treatments, he said, the calcium could actually negate the positive effect of the phosphonate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 10 a.m. to noon on Sunday, May 16, Garbelotto will lead a \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/garbelotto/english/sodblitz.php\">\"Sudden Oak Death Blitz\"\u003c/a> at the East Bay Parks Botanic Garden in Berkeley's Tilden Park. The event, sponsored by the California Oak Mortality Task Force, trains participants to spot vegetation infected with\u003cem> P. ramorum\u003c/em> and collect samples for testing. The training is useful for homeowners who want to monitor their own trees for Sudden Oak Death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sudden-oak-death\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sudden-oak-death\">Listen to the Sudden Oak Death\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.56725 -122.68867\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not think of salmon when visiting the redwoods in Muir Woods, but it’s home to a population of Coho Salmon. Redwood forests provide ideal salmon habitat, providing woody debris to protect young salmon in the creeks and keeping them shaded and cool. But the Coho in Muir Wood’s Redwood Creek are endangered, and local biologists and volunteers are working to protect the salmon and restore their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a map, driving directions and satellite views of this park from \u003cstrong>Google™ Maps\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=muir+woods+national+monument&sll=37.906283,-122.474213&sspn=0.321271,0.506058&ie=UTF8&om=1&ll=37.896395,-122.584848&spn=0.039216,0.054331&t=h&z=14\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Address: Muir Woods Road, Building MW-020\u003cbr>\nMill Valley, CA 94941\u003cbr>\nPhone:(415) 388-2595\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's Coho\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/307a_salmon300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nSalmon are one of the iconic species of the West, but today it's a species in trouble. Coho Salmon, also known as silver salmon, are listed as an endangered species. In the 1940s, California's population was estimated at 200,000 to 500,000. In just 50 years, that population has declined about 90 per cent. California's Chinook Salmon are also in trouble. The commercial fishery has been closed for the past two seasons, due to record low numbers of salmon returning to spawn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho range from California all the way to Alaska. As Muir Woods Biologist Michael Reichmuth explained, the Coho Salmon in Redwood Creek have been known as the southernmost stable population – but now that stability is questionable. Fish surveys have shown lower numbers of returning salmon every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>If you see someone snorkeling in Redwood Creek as you walk through Muir Woods, don’t be alarmed. Reichmuth conducts fish surveys throughout the year, and sometimes searching for juvenile salmon requires a mask and snorkel. These surveys are critical for assessing the health of the Coho population. The Park Service relies on volunteers to help with this effort, who walk the length of the creek looking for spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salmon are built to spend their lives in two different worlds – in streams and rivers and the open ocean – and they can face pressures in both places. Coho return to reproduce the streams and creeks they were born in, so many of the populations are genetically distinct from each other. After reproducing, female Coho lay their eggs in redds – nests they dig out of gravel in river beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, juvenile salmon stay in the creeks and streams for about 16 months, eating insect larvae and growing to five to six inches. They then migrate to the open ocean, where they live until they’re three years old. This is the end of their life cycle, when they swim back to into the creeks in December and January after winter rains to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Habitat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/creek.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nAs Muir Woods Nursery Manager Chris Friedel says, if you see a perfectly straight creek, then it’s not natural. Redwood Creek has been molded by human forces for the past century. Local farmers straightened the creek to help with flood control and in the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps undertook several projects remaking Muir Woods, including restructuring Redwood Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists are learning, that flooding is key for the survival of salmon. When creek level rises, young salmon are able to reach a new food supply. They need woody debris like fallen redwoods for shelter, especially during the rainy season when water flow speeds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing the fallen trees and restoring the meandering course of the creek has been a major focus of the restoration. Today, there’s a volunteer effort lead by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and the National Park Service to restore Redwood Creek both in and outside Muir Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1059386@N25\">Muir Woods National Monument photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not think of salmon when visiting the redwoods in Muir Woods, but it’s home to a population of Coho Salmon. Redwood forests provide ideal salmon habitat, providing woody debris to protect young salmon in the creeks and keeping them shaded and cool. But the Coho in Muir Wood’s Redwood Creek are endangered, and local biologists and volunteers are working to protect the salmon and restore their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a map, driving directions and satellite views of this park from \u003cstrong>Google™ Maps\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=muir+woods+national+monument&sll=37.906283,-122.474213&sspn=0.321271,0.506058&ie=UTF8&om=1&ll=37.896395,-122.584848&spn=0.039216,0.054331&t=h&z=14\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Address: Muir Woods Road, Building MW-020\u003cbr>\nMill Valley, CA 94941\u003cbr>\nPhone:(415) 388-2595\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's Coho\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/307a_salmon300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nSalmon are one of the iconic species of the West, but today it's a species in trouble. Coho Salmon, also known as silver salmon, are listed as an endangered species. In the 1940s, California's population was estimated at 200,000 to 500,000. In just 50 years, that population has declined about 90 per cent. California's Chinook Salmon are also in trouble. The commercial fishery has been closed for the past two seasons, due to record low numbers of salmon returning to spawn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho range from California all the way to Alaska. As Muir Woods Biologist Michael Reichmuth explained, the Coho Salmon in Redwood Creek have been known as the southernmost stable population – but now that stability is questionable. Fish surveys have shown lower numbers of returning salmon every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>If you see someone snorkeling in Redwood Creek as you walk through Muir Woods, don’t be alarmed. Reichmuth conducts fish surveys throughout the year, and sometimes searching for juvenile salmon requires a mask and snorkel. These surveys are critical for assessing the health of the Coho population. The Park Service relies on volunteers to help with this effort, who walk the length of the creek looking for spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salmon are built to spend their lives in two different worlds – in streams and rivers and the open ocean – and they can face pressures in both places. Coho return to reproduce the streams and creeks they were born in, so many of the populations are genetically distinct from each other. After reproducing, female Coho lay their eggs in redds – nests they dig out of gravel in river beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, juvenile salmon stay in the creeks and streams for about 16 months, eating insect larvae and growing to five to six inches. They then migrate to the open ocean, where they live until they’re three years old. This is the end of their life cycle, when they swim back to into the creeks in December and January after winter rains to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Habitat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/creek.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nAs Muir Woods Nursery Manager Chris Friedel says, if you see a perfectly straight creek, then it’s not natural. Redwood Creek has been molded by human forces for the past century. Local farmers straightened the creek to help with flood control and in the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps undertook several projects remaking Muir Woods, including restructuring Redwood Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists are learning, that flooding is key for the survival of salmon. When creek level rises, young salmon are able to reach a new food supply. They need woody debris like fallen redwoods for shelter, especially during the rainy season when water flow speeds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing the fallen trees and restoring the meandering course of the creek has been a major focus of the restoration. Today, there’s a volunteer effort lead by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and the National Park Service to restore Redwood Creek both in and outside Muir Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1059386@N25\">Muir Woods National Monument photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What's the Scoop on Kitty Poop?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/kittie.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>What are the options for eco-friendly cat litter?\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In researching this blog post, I continually ran across the word \"conundrum\" - which is defined as a puzzling question or problem. Used in a sentence, one might say, \"I am a cat owner who cares about the environment. What to do about their poop presents quite a conundrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Let's explore the facts around this puzzle.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> There are approximately 88.3 million companion cats in the United States, according to the Humane Society of the US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> All of them poop. The poop and the kitty litter must go somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact\u003c/strong>: The \u003ca href=\"http://cats.about.com/cs/litterbox/a/clumpingclay.htm\">traditional clay litters\u003c/a> have been criticized for being resourced through strip-mining, and may contain harmful chemicals that cats can lick from their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These three facts alone are reason enough to feel the effects of a conundrum, but let's explore further\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact: \u003c/strong>Flushing cat poop down the toilet is an option once suggested by environmentalists, but is now an eco- No-No. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cem>Toxoplasma gondii\u003c/em>, a parasite found in cat's intestines, can be passed through the feces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flushed, the T. Gondii travels with the toilet water from your house to a treatment center (where it resists treatment) to the bay to the Pacific Ocean and into the habitat of many sea creatures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/efc_wao/wao_seaotter.asp\">Sea Otter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Davis study of otters that live in areas near freshwater runoff, found that 42% of live otters and 62% of dead otters tested positive for \u003cem>T. Gondii\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, recent legislation will require kitty litters bags to include warning labels about flushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor's note: QUEST's very first TV story, \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/whats-killing-the-sea-otters\">\"What's Killing the Sea Otters?\" - 2/6/07- \u003c/a>\" covers this topic in detail.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now that we are clear on the conundrum, let's explore some options.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reclaimed Wood Litter: \u003c/strong>Litter made from reclaimed wood is an greener option. Pine and cedar sawdust that would normally end up in landfills is concentrated without the use of dangerous chemicals to produce environmentally safe litter. Feline Pine, Nature's Earth and Catfresh are options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recycled Newspaper Litter: \u003c/strong>Try litter made from recycled newspapers. The paper absorbs just as well and re-uses resources. Two great brands are Yesterdays News and Good Mews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plant-based Litters: \u003c/strong>Plant-based litters are made from materials such as corn, corncobs, cornhusks, wheat by-products, wheat grass and beet pulp. These biodegradable materials, have no odor, are very absorbent and don't produce the same kind or volume of dust as clay litters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable Bags: \u003c/strong> These are available at most pet stores. Use the biodegradable litter with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Composting: \u003c/strong>Being a Zoo employee, we are BIG composters of our herbivore poop, creating rich and wonderful soil to grow our botanical paradise at Knowland Park. \u003ca href=\"http://www.naturemill.com\">NatureMill\u003c/a>, makers of the pet-friendly composter claim that it is possible to compost pet poop, as well. This composter, made from recycled and recyclable materials, is an easy to use alternative. Just add food scraps and the computerized composter heats up the ingredients to the 140 degrees (the EPA suggests over 130 degrees). Out comes soil for your flowerbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Make Your Own Kitty Litter: \u003c/strong>The DIY-crowd may even wish to attempt a \u003ca href=\"http://alliesanswers.com/tip-of-the-day/tip-of-the-day-make-your-own-kitty-litter/1044\">hand-crafted solution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all great alternatives that, of course, present more questions. Like all environmental issues these days, each solution may lead to a new puzzle or conundrum for us to wrap our greening brains around. Let's keep on exploring!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/kittie.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>What are the options for eco-friendly cat litter?\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In researching this blog post, I continually ran across the word \"conundrum\" - which is defined as a puzzling question or problem. Used in a sentence, one might say, \"I am a cat owner who cares about the environment. What to do about their poop presents quite a conundrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Let's explore the facts around this puzzle.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> There are approximately 88.3 million companion cats in the United States, according to the Humane Society of the US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact:\u003c/strong> All of them poop. The poop and the kitty litter must go somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact\u003c/strong>: The \u003ca href=\"http://cats.about.com/cs/litterbox/a/clumpingclay.htm\">traditional clay litters\u003c/a> have been criticized for being resourced through strip-mining, and may contain harmful chemicals that cats can lick from their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These three facts alone are reason enough to feel the effects of a conundrum, but let's explore further\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fact: \u003c/strong>Flushing cat poop down the toilet is an option once suggested by environmentalists, but is now an eco- No-No. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cem>Toxoplasma gondii\u003c/em>, a parasite found in cat's intestines, can be passed through the feces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flushed, the T. Gondii travels with the toilet water from your house to a treatment center (where it resists treatment) to the bay to the Pacific Ocean and into the habitat of many sea creatures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/efc_wao/wao_seaotter.asp\">Sea Otter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Davis study of otters that live in areas near freshwater runoff, found that 42% of live otters and 62% of dead otters tested positive for \u003cem>T. Gondii\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, recent legislation will require kitty litters bags to include warning labels about flushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor's note: QUEST's very first TV story, \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/whats-killing-the-sea-otters\">\"What's Killing the Sea Otters?\" - 2/6/07- \u003c/a>\" covers this topic in detail.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now that we are clear on the conundrum, let's explore some options.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reclaimed Wood Litter: \u003c/strong>Litter made from reclaimed wood is an greener option. Pine and cedar sawdust that would normally end up in landfills is concentrated without the use of dangerous chemicals to produce environmentally safe litter. Feline Pine, Nature's Earth and Catfresh are options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recycled Newspaper Litter: \u003c/strong>Try litter made from recycled newspapers. The paper absorbs just as well and re-uses resources. Two great brands are Yesterdays News and Good Mews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plant-based Litters: \u003c/strong>Plant-based litters are made from materials such as corn, corncobs, cornhusks, wheat by-products, wheat grass and beet pulp. These biodegradable materials, have no odor, are very absorbent and don't produce the same kind or volume of dust as clay litters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable Bags: \u003c/strong> These are available at most pet stores. Use the biodegradable litter with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Composting: \u003c/strong>Being a Zoo employee, we are BIG composters of our herbivore poop, creating rich and wonderful soil to grow our botanical paradise at Knowland Park. \u003ca href=\"http://www.naturemill.com\">NatureMill\u003c/a>, makers of the pet-friendly composter claim that it is possible to compost pet poop, as well. This composter, made from recycled and recyclable materials, is an easy to use alternative. Just add food scraps and the computerized composter heats up the ingredients to the 140 degrees (the EPA suggests over 130 degrees). Out comes soil for your flowerbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Make Your Own Kitty Litter: \u003c/strong>The DIY-crowd may even wish to attempt a \u003ca href=\"http://alliesanswers.com/tip-of-the-day/tip-of-the-day-make-your-own-kitty-litter/1044\">hand-crafted solution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all great alternatives that, of course, present more questions. Like all environmental issues these days, each solution may lead to a new puzzle or conundrum for us to wrap our greening brains around. Let's keep on exploring!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/swine-flu-virus.jpg\">\u003cem>The swine flu virus, up close (and colorized!)\u003cbr>\nCredit: C. S. Goldsmith and A. Balish, CDC\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swine Flu has been blanketing the news as of late. On April 29th, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> (CDC) reported the first US fatality occurring in Texas. The CDC has determined that this swine influenza A(H1N1) virus is contagious and spreading from human to human. Yet at this time, they do not know how easily the virus spreads between people. At our museum, we have taken this very seriously and staff has been asked to stay home if symptoms arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC is recommending that those who come down with flu-like symptoms stay home from work in order to decrease the rate of infection. The Swine Flu is a viral infection rather than a bacterial infection, which makes it harder to treat. Much of the care for viruses is preventive; viruses are hard to treat after they have entered a living host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people do not know the difference between a viral infection and a bacterial one and consider them interchangeable. Yet they are quite different. Viruses are sub-microscopic particles ranging in size from 20 to 300 nanometers (about 1000 times smaller than the width of a human hair). Viruses must have a living host to function. They remain dormant until they infect a living cell. Within a cell, they then change the genetic material of the cell to replicate the virus. AIDS and Influenza are both created by this process of taking over the normal function of a cell in order to replicate viral cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacteria do not take over cells. Bacteria are much larger than viruses, usually 10 to 100 times bigger than a virus. Their shapes include curved rods, spheres, rods and spirals. They are known as intercellular organisms because they live between cells. All viruses are harmful to the host because they alter cells, but bacteria can be beneficial (like the species that live in our guts and help us digest our food). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful bacteria in the body create infections like Strep throat or Small Pox. Bacteria can grow and reproduce in both living and non-living environments. Antibiotics are used to treat harmful bacterial growth and infection in the body. Antibiotics; however, are ineffectual against treating viruses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Swine Flu is a virally spread disease, it is even more important to practice prevention. The CDC sees this disease being spread like a common flu - mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. People can also become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose. Taking simple precautions like washing your hands and covering your mouth when sneezing is effective prevention. Working in a museum,we take this extra seriously considering how often we come in contact with lots of people and their germs. Many of my co-workers, myself included, have hand sanitizer at our desks, wash our hands often, and carry tissues. It is a simple way to combat an evasive illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about how to protect yourself from swine flu, check out \u003ca href=\"http://www2a.cdc.gov/podcasts/player.asp?f=11322\">this podcast\u003c/a> from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.769700 -122.466000\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Swine Flu has been blanketing the news as of late. On April 29th, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> (CDC) reported the first US fatality occurring in Texas. The CDC has determined that this swine influenza A(H1N1) virus is contagious and spreading from human to human. Yet at this time, they do not know how easily the virus spreads between people. At our museum, we have taken this very seriously and staff has been asked to stay home if symptoms arise.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful bacteria in the body create infections like Strep throat or Small Pox. Bacteria can grow and reproduce in both living and non-living environments. Antibiotics are used to treat harmful bacterial growth and infection in the body. Antibiotics; however, are ineffectual against treating viruses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Swine Flu is a virally spread disease, it is even more important to practice prevention. The CDC sees this disease being spread like a common flu - mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. People can also become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose. Taking simple precautions like washing your hands and covering your mouth when sneezing is effective prevention. Working in a museum,we take this extra seriously considering how often we come in contact with lots of people and their germs. Many of my co-workers, myself included, have hand sanitizer at our desks, wash our hands often, and carry tissues. It is a simple way to combat an evasive illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about how to protect yourself from swine flu, check out \u003ca href=\"http://www2a.cdc.gov/podcasts/player.asp?f=11322\">this podcast\u003c/a> from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.769700 -122.466000\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC Berkeley Gets Its Science On: Cal Day 2009, April 18",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/cal.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://calday.berkeley.edu/\">Go Bears!\u003c/a> is more than a cheer, but a mantra to live life by...as long as you're a Berkeley alum like myself. On Saturday April 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, the University opens up to the public...lectures, interactive events, tours, all of the campus museums (most of which aren't usually open to the public)... and it's all \u003cstrong>free\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many programs are geared for incoming students and their families. However, there are a few gems designed for everyone. This year's highlights feature hands on physics, discussions on energy & environmental issues, with the search for extra terrestrial life sprinkled in. For a complete listing of events, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://calday.berkeley.edu/\">Cal Day website\u003c/a>. Here are my picks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darwin, Dover, and Intelligent Design: What's Next for Anti-Evolutionists?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10-11 am, 2050 Valley Life Sciences Building\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear a national expert on evolution discuss the conflicts between evolution and creationism, and where this debate is headed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mobile Millennium: The System That Keeps Traffic Moving\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10-11 am, Sibley Auditorium\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This traffic-monitoring system collects data and sends it to your cell phone to help you take the best routes. Be an early adopter of this developing technology; learn how following the lecture or from 1:30 to 3 pm outside McCone Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are We Wired for Good?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11 am-noon, 145 Dwinelle Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is the capacity for compassion, gratitude, and other positive emotions built into our nervous systems? Are such emotions the path to happiness? The founder of Berkeley's Greater Good Science Center has some answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Is the Large Hadron Collider?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11 am-noon, 4 LeConte Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator. Hear how it works and discover the exciting things it might reveal about our amazing universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Water Be the Oil of the 21st Century? A Quest for Sustainable Water Management\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11 am-noon, 502 Davis Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is a limited natural resource, and its importance can be compared to that of oil. Examine the parallels between these two resources, and the future of water sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How Global Climate Change Will Affect the Oceans\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Noon-1 pm, 141 McCone Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warmer surface waters, rising sea levels, more storms, and increased carbon dioxide - all will have an impact on marine ecosystems, coasts, islands, estuaries, and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dark Side of the Universe\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Noon-1 pm, 100 Genetics & Plant Biology Building\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The universe is mostly made up of \"dark matter\" - what evidence do we have that it exists? Hear how we're searching for this mysterious component of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genes in a Bottle\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Noon-2 pm, Latimer Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn how DNA is chemically extracted from organisms for research applications. Then extract DNA from your own cheek cells, and take it home in a fashionable necklace!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How Do Cars Fit Into a Clean-Energy Future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1-2 pm, 105 Stanley Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can car lovers also be planet lovers? How will our favorite vehicle evolve as the need to manage global warming intensifies? Energy and Resources Group Professor Dan Kammen\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is Anybody Out There?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1-2 pm, 3 LeConte Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear about Berkeley's SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program at the world's largest telescope, the Allen array. Volunteers have a small but captivating chance that their computer will detect the first signal from a civilization beyond Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.872044 -122.257811\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/lions.jpg\">\u003cem>Lions and humans are in conflict in the wild parks of Uganda\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, I gazed out at the expanse of \u003ca href=\"http://www.game-reserve.com/uganda_queen_elizabeth.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Queen Elizabeth Park\u003c/a>, in Uganda, close to the comfy \u003ca href=\"http://www.mweyalodge.com\" target=\"_blank\">Mweya Safari Lodge\u003c/a> where we were staying. The landscape was beautiful, peaceful…and kind of empty. Though we had seen a large and lovely herd of elephants the evening before, on this fine, clear morning, the habitat was clearly missing one of the most important parts of the eco-system: predators. All we could find were tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We gazed down at the enormous cat foot prints, still clearly cut into the mud, and looked to Dr. Ludwig Siefert, a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makerere_University\" target=\"_blank\">Makerere University\u003c/a> lecturer, lion ecologist and our guide for the day. He explained the situation to us: The footprints belonged to a lovely female lioness who was clearly recently here, and tragically was no longer. This lioness, like many other predators in the area, had met a painful death by poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, we came across 3 juvenile lions, scruffy and likely to be hungry; they had lost their chief bread winner. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our night drive also proved surprisingly empty. Dr. Siefert and his team sent hyena calls into the starry night, only to receive a quiet response. Eventually we saw four hyenas. Great news, except that our teen trip in July had observed thirty of them. It seemed likely that many hyenas were killed in the three months that had passed since then. This is not what we expected when we came to Uganda. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we could guess what had happened to all these predators. Local Basongora herdsmen, or pastoralists, choose to graze their cattle inside the park, although they have access to lush pasture outside the park. The lions, searching for food, find cattle grazing in their habitat and naturally do what a lion does: have lunch. The Basongora solution for lions, leopards and hyenas that prey on their livelihood: put poison on carcasses and leave them as bait. The poison often includes \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbofuran\" target=\"_blank\">furadan\u003c/a>, an agro-chemical which causes a painful and not so quick death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Death of magnificent predators is not the only issue with the practice. Eventually the hotels, restaurants and tour companies will face a loss of tourists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet faces many cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanwildlifeconflict.org\" target=\"_blank\">human-wildlife conflict\u003c/a>, especially as the human population grows, habitats shrink and humans and animals are forced to live even closer to each other. Yet there are quite a few inspiring examples of solutions that honor the fact that all parties, human and non-human, must be granted health, space and means to eat. Other African countries are finding \u003ca href=\"http://www.lionconservation.org\" target=\"_blank\">solutions to similar problems\u003c/a>. When all parties work together, there are indeed solutions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is our hope that the ecologists, pastoralists, park rangers and predators find one in Queen Elizabeth Park. We sure would like to return.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nTo contact Dr. Siefert and support his work: \u003ca href=\"mailto:lion@vetmed.mak.ac.ug\">lion@vetmed.mak.ac.ug\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we could guess what had happened to all these predators. Local Basongora herdsmen, or pastoralists, choose to graze their cattle inside the park, although they have access to lush pasture outside the park. The lions, searching for food, find cattle grazing in their habitat and naturally do what a lion does: have lunch. The Basongora solution for lions, leopards and hyenas that prey on their livelihood: put poison on carcasses and leave them as bait. The poison often includes \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbofuran\" target=\"_blank\">furadan\u003c/a>, an agro-chemical which causes a painful and not so quick death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Death of magnificent predators is not the only issue with the practice. Eventually the hotels, restaurants and tour companies will face a loss of tourists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet faces many cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanwildlifeconflict.org\" target=\"_blank\">human-wildlife conflict\u003c/a>, especially as the human population grows, habitats shrink and humans and animals are forced to live even closer to each other. Yet there are quite a few inspiring examples of solutions that honor the fact that all parties, human and non-human, must be granted health, space and means to eat. Other African countries are finding \u003ca href=\"http://www.lionconservation.org\" target=\"_blank\">solutions to similar problems\u003c/a>. When all parties work together, there are indeed solutions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is our hope that the ecologists, pastoralists, park rangers and predators find one in Queen Elizabeth Park. We sure would like to return.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nTo contact Dr. Siefert and support his work: \u003ca href=\"mailto:lion@vetmed.mak.ac.ug\">lion@vetmed.mak.ac.ug\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/scorpion-2.jpg\">\u003cem>What does the size of a scorpion's claw mean?\u003cbr>\nCredit: kevinzim on flickr.com\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibits you see on the museum floor of the California Academy of Sciences are just the tip of the iceberg of the Academy's work. In fact, 90% of what we do is the education and research that happens behind-the-scenes. It is this ongoing research that in turn generates the exhibits and programming that guests enjoy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Naturalist Center, located on the 3rd floor, is a direct link for visitors to the education, research, and resources of the vast research collection that lies behind-the-scenes of the museum. Guests can ask questions at the Naturalist Center and they will get a reply from an Academy researcher or educator versed in that subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some interesting questions guests have posed recently and the responses from experts on staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>How many copies of Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" were published initially?\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> The first edition and printing had a print run of 1250 copies. All the copies sold on the first day of sale according to \"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>You have a specimen in your collections that is noted for being the most poisonous bird in the world. Do you have more information on it? \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A: \u003c/strong> It is the Hooded Pitohui (\u003cem>Pitohui dichrous\u003c/em>). An Academy researcher, Jack Dumbacher, experienced the toxicity of these birds first-hand when he was doing research in Papua New Guinea and decided to study them more. He found that they sequester poisons from something they feed on, much like poison dart frogs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>Do owls really see in total darkness like your matching game says? \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Renowned for their solemn, spooky mien, owls have large eyes that face forward, and arrangement that's rare even among predatory birds. This gives them binocular vision and the resultant depth perception necessary to judge distances with almost pinpoint accuracy. These fast-focusing eyes are also equipped with a mirror-like membrane that lets them sample extremely dim light twice, and a dense concentration of light-sensitive cells in the retina. While owls may not be able to see everything in total darkness, they can see what other nocturnal predators might miss. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>What is Arsenic and Strychnine made out of? \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Arsenopyrite is an iron arsenic sulfide (FeAsS). Strychnine is an alkaloid extract obtained from the dried ripe seeds of Strychnos nux vomica, a small tree of the East Indies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>Someone told me that the red-winged blackbirds only have that red flash in mating season - is that correct? \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> According to Western Birds, QL 683 .W4 P4 1990, these epaulets are 'most conspicuous' in the spring time, suggesting that they are there all year round but brighter in the mating season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> \u003cem> Do you know that saying about claw and tail sizes of scorpions that tells you which ones are more poisonous than the other? \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A: \u003c/strong> The simple, although not universal, rule is that scorpions with thin pedipalps (claws) and thick tails tend to be more venomous than those with stout pedipalps and thinner tails. Working through this in a logical way, we can think that a scorpion with a large claw may be able to subdue its prey with the claw. If it has thin claws, it may need to rely more on the venom from the stinger to make up for its lack of strong claws. For more information about scorpions, click here. There is also a very well written amateur information page \u003ca href=\"http://hubpages.com/hub/Facts-about-Killer-Scorpion-Facts-and-Pictures\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I think opossums get a bum rap. People think just because they look kind of funny, walk kind of funny, have beady eyes and sharp teeth, and can emit the most foul-smelling scent you've ever had the misfortune of coming across, that they are kind of \"icky.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are just trying to make a living like everybody else. They need those teeth to crush bone – which means that they are good for clearing out those unwanted rodents in your neighborhood. (No, they are not rodents themselves; opossums are marsupials... that’s right, just like kangaroos!). Their eyes... well, they just look that way and they're not particularly useful, however these critters have an excellent sense of smell and hearing to make up for it. As for that smell that they emit, they only do that when they're fighting for their lives. Believe me, if you could spew a foul stench when some unsavory character is harassing you, you'd do it! And let me take this moment to clear up a very common misconception: no, opossums cannot hang by their tails, though they can use them to balance themselves and gather bedding materials for their nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/03/opossum_blog1.jpg\" alt=\"Opossums are marsupials, just like kangaroos.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opossums are marsupials, just like kangaroos.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The truth is, if you ever get the chance to know one like we did, you'll see they are really sweet creatures. Most of the times that they find themselves in direct conflict with humans, it’s the human's fault. Their habitats are shrinking due to our development plans, which forces them to live closer and closer to us. If you leave your pet food outside... well, who doesn't take a free snack when it's offered up? And the poor creatures only live for two to four years, so please folks, give the opossums a break!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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