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"content": "\u003cp>Legendary photojournalist Nick Ut has captured tens of thousands of images in his five decades with the Associated Press. But his work will undoubtedly be remembered most for the historic \"Napalm Girl\" photo from the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young Vietnamese girl runs screaming from her village after a napalm bomb was dropped on it. The napalm has burned off her clothes and singed her skin. The 1972 photo shows the chaos and atrocities of the Vietnam War, and many believe, eventually helped end it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo won Ut a Pulitzer Prize at age 21. He believes it probably helped save the girl's life, even before it was developed and put on the news wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw her arm burning, her back burning,\" Ut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He put down his camera, gave the girl water to drink and poured it on her burns. Then he took her in his van to the nearest hospital. When doctors there refused to treat her, suggesting a children’s hospital two hours away, Ut flashed his press pass and said her photo would likely be on the front page of every newspaper the next day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody believed she [was] still alive that day,\" Ut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even himself. But she survived. The \"Napalm Girl” in Ut’s Pulitzer Prize winning photo is Kim Phuc. She’s 53 years old, a mother of two, and lives in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/03/2017-03-31d-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AP_489943708182_200-800x586.jpg\" Title=\"'Napalm Girl' Photojournalist Nick Ut Retires After 51 Years With AP\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut retired from the Associated Press this week after 51 years. His career began at age 15 when he started working for the AP in Saigon, but he wanted to start even earlier. According to the AP, Ut's older brother Huynh Thanh My was an AP photographer who was killed by Viet Cong rebels in 1965. At his brother's funeral, Ut approached the late Horst Faas, photo editor for AP's Saigon bureau. Peter Arnett, AP's Saigon correspondent at the time, remembers the disappointing moment for Ut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He wanted to follow in his brother's footsteps.\" Arnett told KQED. \"He wanted to be a war photographer, and Horst looked at him -- this 14 year old kid at the time -- and said, 'maybe in the future, but you’re too young. You have to go back to your family.' And Nick said, 'the AP’s my family now.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut persisted, and Arnett remembers the AP agreed to use him carefully as a street photographer in Saigon. But when the war escalated, that changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In January and February of 1968, Saigon became a war zone,\" Arnett said. \"And Nick’s street photography pictures suddenly showed violence, brutality and death, and that was his beginning as a war photographer and we know how successful he has been in that field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-800x730.jpg\" alt=\"Photojournalist Nick Ut brings together friends and journalism colleagues at one of his favorite Vietnamese restaurants. \" width=\"800\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-800x730.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-160x146.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-1020x931.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-1180x1077.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-960x876.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-240x219.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-375x342.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-520x475.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photojournalist Nick Ut brings together friends and journalism colleagues at one of his favorite Vietnamese restaurants in Orange County. \u003ccite>(Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ut had to flee Vietnam. He spent some time in refugee camps and worked briefly in Tokyo, before winding up in the AP’s Los Angeles bureau. Most of his career was still ahead of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shifted from images of war to those of sports, civic leaders and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lucille Ball, John Wayne, Bette Davis. I'm so lucky,\" Ut said. \"They're all dead. I have a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the celebrities were in tough spots. Paris Hilton in tears. Actor Robert Blake on trial. Michael Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone [in] trouble, they're gonna see me,\" Nick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the ideal place for me to disclose that I know Nick Ut. I was a radio reporter in Los Angeles for almost 9 years and there was no avoiding him. When I saw him out in the field with his cameras, I knew I was in the right place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP bureau and my office were in the same downtown office complex. In the parking lot, I noticed we were both attached to our Acura Legend cars from the early 1990s. We could chat way too long about how much we loved these vehicles that we should have traded in or junked years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1mtOlVdRGziCdSOoYMQq0kRZLondZ3Ff\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut is one of those people who has never met a stranger. He's an unassuming bon vivant who regularly invites friends and colleagues to his favorite Vietnamese restaurants in Orange County. (I get to tag along sometimes because my wife works for the AP.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I found him just weeks before his retirement date -- at the Song Long restaurant in Westminster -- with other journalism legends, including Peter Arnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was Richard Drew, the AP photographer who took the \"Falling Man\" photo from Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He’s always been an inspiration to me,\" Drew told me. \"Of Course that famous photo that Mr. Nixon didn’t like ... and he thought that it had been a doctored photograph, and it really turned the tide of the war.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last part was a journalism history lesson to me, something I hadn't heard before. Drew referred me to the secret recordings from the Nixon White House. I reached out to the Nixon Library so I could listen myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audio is challenging, but then-President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman can be heard discussing Ut's photo of Kim Phuc just days after it was taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wonder if that was a fix,\" Nixon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It might have been,\" Haldeman replies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richard Drew, the moment in history is particularly relevant today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s sort of like we’re going through now with our 'fake news' cycle,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the restaurant with Nick Ut: Retired AP reporter Linda Deutsch, the Grand Dame of covering high-profile court cases. She told me that often when Ut went to photograph a celebrity for one of her stories, the celebrity treated Ut like a celebrity. A lot of his peers in the press corps do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other photographers immediately make a path for him,\" Deustch said. \"He’s very small. Nick is like five foot tall. He never has anyone standing in front of him. Because out of respect for him, they always give him the front row spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can confirm that I saw that happen plenty of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Ut’s retirement will be noticeable on a lot of front rows -- and a lot of front pages.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Legendary photojournalist Nick Ut has captured tens of thousands of images in his five decades with the Associated Press. But his work will undoubtedly be remembered most for the historic \"Napalm Girl\" photo from the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young Vietnamese girl runs screaming from her village after a napalm bomb was dropped on it. The napalm has burned off her clothes and singed her skin. The 1972 photo shows the chaos and atrocities of the Vietnam War, and many believe, eventually helped end it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo won Ut a Pulitzer Prize at age 21. He believes it probably helped save the girl's life, even before it was developed and put on the news wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw her arm burning, her back burning,\" Ut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He put down his camera, gave the girl water to drink and poured it on her burns. Then he took her in his van to the nearest hospital. When doctors there refused to treat her, suggesting a children’s hospital two hours away, Ut flashed his press pass and said her photo would likely be on the front page of every newspaper the next day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody believed she [was] still alive that day,\" Ut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even himself. But she survived. The \"Napalm Girl” in Ut’s Pulitzer Prize winning photo is Kim Phuc. She’s 53 years old, a mother of two, and lives in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut retired from the Associated Press this week after 51 years. His career began at age 15 when he started working for the AP in Saigon, but he wanted to start even earlier. According to the AP, Ut's older brother Huynh Thanh My was an AP photographer who was killed by Viet Cong rebels in 1965. At his brother's funeral, Ut approached the late Horst Faas, photo editor for AP's Saigon bureau. Peter Arnett, AP's Saigon correspondent at the time, remembers the disappointing moment for Ut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He wanted to follow in his brother's footsteps.\" Arnett told KQED. \"He wanted to be a war photographer, and Horst looked at him -- this 14 year old kid at the time -- and said, 'maybe in the future, but you’re too young. You have to go back to your family.' And Nick said, 'the AP’s my family now.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut persisted, and Arnett remembers the AP agreed to use him carefully as a street photographer in Saigon. But when the war escalated, that changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In January and February of 1968, Saigon became a war zone,\" Arnett said. \"And Nick’s street photography pictures suddenly showed violence, brutality and death, and that was his beginning as a war photographer and we know how successful he has been in that field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-800x730.jpg\" alt=\"Photojournalist Nick Ut brings together friends and journalism colleagues at one of his favorite Vietnamese restaurants. \" width=\"800\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-800x730.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-160x146.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-1020x931.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-1180x1077.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-960x876.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-240x219.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-375x342.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24810_IMG_6264-qut-520x475.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photojournalist Nick Ut brings together friends and journalism colleagues at one of his favorite Vietnamese restaurants in Orange County. \u003ccite>(Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ut had to flee Vietnam. He spent some time in refugee camps and worked briefly in Tokyo, before winding up in the AP’s Los Angeles bureau. Most of his career was still ahead of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shifted from images of war to those of sports, civic leaders and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lucille Ball, John Wayne, Bette Davis. I'm so lucky,\" Ut said. \"They're all dead. I have a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the celebrities were in tough spots. Paris Hilton in tears. Actor Robert Blake on trial. Michael Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone [in] trouble, they're gonna see me,\" Nick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the ideal place for me to disclose that I know Nick Ut. I was a radio reporter in Los Angeles for almost 9 years and there was no avoiding him. When I saw him out in the field with his cameras, I knew I was in the right place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP bureau and my office were in the same downtown office complex. In the parking lot, I noticed we were both attached to our Acura Legend cars from the early 1990s. We could chat way too long about how much we loved these vehicles that we should have traded in or junked years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ut is one of those people who has never met a stranger. He's an unassuming bon vivant who regularly invites friends and colleagues to his favorite Vietnamese restaurants in Orange County. (I get to tag along sometimes because my wife works for the AP.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I found him just weeks before his retirement date -- at the Song Long restaurant in Westminster -- with other journalism legends, including Peter Arnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was Richard Drew, the AP photographer who took the \"Falling Man\" photo from Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He’s always been an inspiration to me,\" Drew told me. \"Of Course that famous photo that Mr. Nixon didn’t like ... and he thought that it had been a doctored photograph, and it really turned the tide of the war.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last part was a journalism history lesson to me, something I hadn't heard before. Drew referred me to the secret recordings from the Nixon White House. I reached out to the Nixon Library so I could listen myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audio is challenging, but then-President Nixon and H.R. Haldeman can be heard discussing Ut's photo of Kim Phuc just days after it was taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wonder if that was a fix,\" Nixon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It might have been,\" Haldeman replies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richard Drew, the moment in history is particularly relevant today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s sort of like we’re going through now with our 'fake news' cycle,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the restaurant with Nick Ut: Retired AP reporter Linda Deutsch, the Grand Dame of covering high-profile court cases. She told me that often when Ut went to photograph a celebrity for one of her stories, the celebrity treated Ut like a celebrity. A lot of his peers in the press corps do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other photographers immediately make a path for him,\" Deustch said. \"He’s very small. Nick is like five foot tall. He never has anyone standing in front of him. Because out of respect for him, they always give him the front row spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can confirm that I saw that happen plenty of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Ut’s retirement will be noticeable on a lot of front rows -- and a lot of front pages.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Invisible Force: Latinos at War in Vietnam",
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"content": "\u003cp>This Memorial Day coincides with the 50\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary of the U.S. military’s first major strike against the North Vietnamese. Nearly 60,000 American troops would die in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the troops were Latino. But to this day no one knows exactly how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freddy Romero is among those who came back. But when he marched off to war nearly 50 years ago, his sense of geography wasn’t the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know where Vietnam was. I just thought; I’m going to China,” laughs Romero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206783924\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was like a lot of kids from East L.A. who came of age during the Vietnam War. His family didn’t have much money. He flunked out of college. So, at the tender age of 17, he signed up with the Marines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just a little boy,” says Romero. “I was very sheltered even though I grew up in East L.A., going into a situation I knew nothing about. But when I got there I just fell right in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero shared this story with students from \u003ca href=\"http://www.pomona.edu/\">Pomona College \u003c/a>for an oral history project led by \u003ca href=\"https://summerssandoval.wordpress.com/bio/\">Tomas Summers Sandoval\u003c/a>, a professor of history and Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pomona College professor is also the son of a Vietnam War veteran.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I was very sheltered even though I grew up in East L.A., going into a situation I knew nothing about.'\u003ccite>Freddy Romero\u003c/cite>[audio mp3=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Freddy-Romero-Pomona-College-oral-history-excerpt.mp3\"][/audio]\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the earliest memories I have is of this green photo album of all my dad’s pictures from Vietnam,” recalls Summers Sandoval, sitting in his university office on a recent weekday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember being a small kid before you even understand what war is looking at pictures of my 19-year-old father in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval began asking questions about his father’s war experience and that of other relatives who also served.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, says Sandoval, it seemed like everyone in his community had a connection to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the sacrifices of Latino Vietnam War veterans have never been fully measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the war, the U.S. military didn’t keep separate data on Latinos,” explains Summers Sandoval. “Latinos were not considered their own racial ethnic category; they were just folded into the white population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of the war, around 10 percent of U.S. residents were Latino. But a study from Cal State Los Angeles found that Latinos made up about 20 percent off all U.S. troops killed in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10534284\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10534284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Sandoval, father of Pomona College professor Tomas Summers Sandoval, while on active duty during the Vietnam War\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-400x274.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-1440x987.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Sandoval, father of Pomona College professor Tomas Summers Sandoval, while on active duty during the Vietnam War \u003ccite>(courtesy of Tom Sandoval)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that research covered only the first few years of the conflict. Summers Sandoval is going further, scrutinizing census data and causality reports to finally learn the true number of those lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as important is capturing the real-life stories of veterans like Freddy Romero -- and in the process painting a fuller picture of Latino enclaves across California before and after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way of understanding the opportunities or lack of opportunities that existed,” says Sandoval. “It also tells us a lot about how the Vietnam War was reaching into a lot of poor barrios and in working-class communities all throughout California and in a disproportionate way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of Latinos didn’t qualify for deferments because they were high school dropouts or were not enrolled in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of over a hundred interviews recorded by Summers Sandoval and student researchers, veteran David Lopez remembers what a high school counselor told him when he turned 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He called me into his office and he said to me, 'You are so damn dumb you’ll never make it college,' ” remembered Lopez. “And that pretty much set the tone for what I was gonna do next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recording of this interview, Lopez explains how he went into a Marine recruiting office and told the recruiter he wanted to sign up right away. He wanted an infantry position and he wanted to ship out ASAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval asks him why he chose the Marine Corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, one thing about the Latino cultures, about Latinos in general, we’re warriors from the get-go,” said Lopez. “We’ve been fighting for our rights, for this country, forever. And I felt the Marines was the best way to go because the Marine Corps trains warriors to be better warriors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While thousands of young Latinos were swept into the military, others were fighting against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year also marks the 45\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=famNeiosTVk\">Chicano Moratorium\u003c/a>, when thousands of Latinos flooded into the streets of East L.A. in August 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran told Summers Sandoval that he returned from Vietnam just in time for the protest -- and the violent clash with police that shattered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Vietnam...certainly impacted my life, but it didn’t wreck my life. I think it motivated my life.'\u003ccite>Victor Chavez\u003c/cite>[audio mp3=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/LATINO-VETS-victor-chavez.mp3\"][/audio]\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“He saw a police officer start to hit an older woman with a baton and he went up to that officer and knocked him out,” says Summers Sandoval. “To him it was like, literally, war come home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another recording from the oral history project, Victor Chavez said he never questioned going to war in Vietnam, until he got home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know I sat there for a year really wondering what the hell did I do, what did we do,” says Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez says the military also gave him direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got married and raised a family. He enrolled in college and eventually become a high school principal in the El Monte Union High School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s a misperception about Vietnam veterans that somehow this war wrecked all our lives,” says Chavez. “I have very strong feelings about Vietnam and it certainly impacted my life, but it didn’t wreck my life. I think it motivated my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval says Latino veterans actually tended to do better economically than Latinos who didn’t serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher income, more likely to have a college education, to be a homeowner, all these kinds of things we use to measure economic success,” says Summers Sandoval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Sunday Mass at Holy Name of Mary Church in the city of San Dimas, Joe Martinez shows off an enormous display of framed pictures. They’re portraits of Vietnam and World War II veterans, lined up alongside active-duty Marines and soldiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular shelf here is the ones who are currently serving from our parish,” explains Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10534287\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10534287 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Vietnam War veteran Joe Martinez heads the Stars and Stripes Ministry at Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in San Dimas, CA.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vietnam War veteran Joe Martinez heads the Stars and Stripes Ministry at Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in San Dimas, CA. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas /KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an old sepia-colored picture of Martinez’s father from World War II. A more recent portrait of Joe Martinez is there too, in his Marine dress blues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez enlisted in the Marine Corp in the early '60s just before things heated up in Vietnam. He was among the first wave of troops to be deployed in the summer of 1965.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I volunteered to go flying as a gunner, and I flew 41 missions,” recalls Martinez\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After serving in Vietnam, Martinez spent about 25 years in the Marine reserves and launched a successful career in the insurance business. Now he helps run the parish’s Stars and Stripes Ministry, dedicated to veteran issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people continuing to serve. They may not be wearing the uniform, but they’re serving our communities, serving our churches,” says Martinez. “Doesn’t matter whether you’re Hispanic or whoever you are, we’re all doing the same thing trying to help those around us. We’re serving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heroism on the battlefield is widely celebrated in popular films and on national holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Summers Sandoval says his research also looks at the kind of quiet heroism that went on after these veterans returned home from Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me they are all heroes,” says Summers Sandoval. \"Just for the ability to live their lives after the war in a society that was very often not even willing to recognize them, to even acknowledge their experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval’s book chronicling the experiences of Latinos in the Vietnam War is due out next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audio recordings of the veterans interviewed for the ongoing oral history project are being archived at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This Memorial Day coincides with the 50\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary of the U.S. military’s first major strike against the North Vietnamese. Nearly 60,000 American troops would die in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the troops were Latino. But to this day no one knows exactly how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freddy Romero is among those who came back. But when he marched off to war nearly 50 years ago, his sense of geography wasn’t the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know where Vietnam was. I just thought; I’m going to China,” laughs Romero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206783924&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206783924'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was like a lot of kids from East L.A. who came of age during the Vietnam War. His family didn’t have much money. He flunked out of college. So, at the tender age of 17, he signed up with the Marines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just a little boy,” says Romero. “I was very sheltered even though I grew up in East L.A., going into a situation I knew nothing about. But when I got there I just fell right in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero shared this story with students from \u003ca href=\"http://www.pomona.edu/\">Pomona College \u003c/a>for an oral history project led by \u003ca href=\"https://summerssandoval.wordpress.com/bio/\">Tomas Summers Sandoval\u003c/a>, a professor of history and Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pomona College professor is also the son of a Vietnam War veteran.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I was very sheltered even though I grew up in East L.A., going into a situation I knew nothing about.'\u003ccite>Freddy Romero\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the earliest memories I have is of this green photo album of all my dad’s pictures from Vietnam,” recalls Summers Sandoval, sitting in his university office on a recent weekday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember being a small kid before you even understand what war is looking at pictures of my 19-year-old father in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval began asking questions about his father’s war experience and that of other relatives who also served.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, says Sandoval, it seemed like everyone in his community had a connection to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the sacrifices of Latino Vietnam War veterans have never been fully measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the war, the U.S. military didn’t keep separate data on Latinos,” explains Summers Sandoval. “Latinos were not considered their own racial ethnic category; they were just folded into the white population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of the war, around 10 percent of U.S. residents were Latino. But a study from Cal State Los Angeles found that Latinos made up about 20 percent off all U.S. troops killed in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10534284\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10534284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Sandoval, father of Pomona College professor Tomas Summers Sandoval, while on active duty during the Vietnam War\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-400x274.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-1440x987.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-Tom-1-Vietnam.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Sandoval, father of Pomona College professor Tomas Summers Sandoval, while on active duty during the Vietnam War \u003ccite>(courtesy of Tom Sandoval)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that research covered only the first few years of the conflict. Summers Sandoval is going further, scrutinizing census data and causality reports to finally learn the true number of those lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as important is capturing the real-life stories of veterans like Freddy Romero -- and in the process painting a fuller picture of Latino enclaves across California before and after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way of understanding the opportunities or lack of opportunities that existed,” says Sandoval. “It also tells us a lot about how the Vietnam War was reaching into a lot of poor barrios and in working-class communities all throughout California and in a disproportionate way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of Latinos didn’t qualify for deferments because they were high school dropouts or were not enrolled in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of over a hundred interviews recorded by Summers Sandoval and student researchers, veteran David Lopez remembers what a high school counselor told him when he turned 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He called me into his office and he said to me, 'You are so damn dumb you’ll never make it college,' ” remembered Lopez. “And that pretty much set the tone for what I was gonna do next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recording of this interview, Lopez explains how he went into a Marine recruiting office and told the recruiter he wanted to sign up right away. He wanted an infantry position and he wanted to ship out ASAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval asks him why he chose the Marine Corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, one thing about the Latino cultures, about Latinos in general, we’re warriors from the get-go,” said Lopez. “We’ve been fighting for our rights, for this country, forever. And I felt the Marines was the best way to go because the Marine Corps trains warriors to be better warriors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While thousands of young Latinos were swept into the military, others were fighting against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year also marks the 45\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=famNeiosTVk\">Chicano Moratorium\u003c/a>, when thousands of Latinos flooded into the streets of East L.A. in August 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran told Summers Sandoval that he returned from Vietnam just in time for the protest -- and the violent clash with police that shattered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Vietnam...certainly impacted my life, but it didn’t wreck my life. I think it motivated my life.'\u003ccite>Victor Chavez\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“He saw a police officer start to hit an older woman with a baton and he went up to that officer and knocked him out,” says Summers Sandoval. “To him it was like, literally, war come home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another recording from the oral history project, Victor Chavez said he never questioned going to war in Vietnam, until he got home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know I sat there for a year really wondering what the hell did I do, what did we do,” says Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez says the military also gave him direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got married and raised a family. He enrolled in college and eventually become a high school principal in the El Monte Union High School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s a misperception about Vietnam veterans that somehow this war wrecked all our lives,” says Chavez. “I have very strong feelings about Vietnam and it certainly impacted my life, but it didn’t wreck my life. I think it motivated my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval says Latino veterans actually tended to do better economically than Latinos who didn’t serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher income, more likely to have a college education, to be a homeowner, all these kinds of things we use to measure economic success,” says Summers Sandoval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Sunday Mass at Holy Name of Mary Church in the city of San Dimas, Joe Martinez shows off an enormous display of framed pictures. They’re portraits of Vietnam and World War II veterans, lined up alongside active-duty Marines and soldiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular shelf here is the ones who are currently serving from our parish,” explains Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10534287\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10534287 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Vietnam War veteran Joe Martinez heads the Stars and Stripes Ministry at Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in San Dimas, CA.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/latino-vets-pic-joe-IMG_5176.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vietnam War veteran Joe Martinez heads the Stars and Stripes Ministry at Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in San Dimas, CA. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas /KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an old sepia-colored picture of Martinez’s father from World War II. A more recent portrait of Joe Martinez is there too, in his Marine dress blues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez enlisted in the Marine Corp in the early '60s just before things heated up in Vietnam. He was among the first wave of troops to be deployed in the summer of 1965.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I volunteered to go flying as a gunner, and I flew 41 missions,” recalls Martinez\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After serving in Vietnam, Martinez spent about 25 years in the Marine reserves and launched a successful career in the insurance business. Now he helps run the parish’s Stars and Stripes Ministry, dedicated to veteran issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people continuing to serve. They may not be wearing the uniform, but they’re serving our communities, serving our churches,” says Martinez. “Doesn’t matter whether you’re Hispanic or whoever you are, we’re all doing the same thing trying to help those around us. We’re serving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heroism on the battlefield is widely celebrated in popular films and on national holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Summers Sandoval says his research also looks at the kind of quiet heroism that went on after these veterans returned home from Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me they are all heroes,” says Summers Sandoval. \"Just for the ability to live their lives after the war in a society that was very often not even willing to recognize them, to even acknowledge their experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers Sandoval’s book chronicling the experiences of Latinos in the Vietnam War is due out next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audio recordings of the veterans interviewed for the ongoing oral history project are being archived at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/09/2014-09-12b-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers on Highway 395 in San Bernardino County might miss the South Vietnamese flags flapping next to a stretch of road as they whiz by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hot and windy day, Dr. Chinh Huynh drove his SUV up to an empty, 55-acre plot of land near the city of Adelanto. The land is flat and dotted with dry shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an unlikely site for the first National South Vietnamese Cemetery, two hour’s drive east of Westminster’s “\u003ca href=\"http://www.littlesaigonnow.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Little Saigon\u003c/a>” in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh is a family practice physician in Orange County, home to the nation’s largest population of Vietnamese-Americans. During the Vietnam War, he was a Vietnamese Marine Corps doctor for the Republic of Vietnam, America’s ally in the fight against the communist North.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a wooden sign that bears the name of the cemetery, “Nghia Trang Bien Hoa Hai Ngoai.” In English, it’s The Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s named after one that still exists outside Ho Chi Minh City, which is what Saigon was renamed after the war ended in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 1970s, the Republic of Vietnam had built its own cemetery to mourn its fallen soldiers,” said Viet Nguyen, a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A famous bronze statue of a soldier in mourning used to stand outside the gates of the Bien Hoa cemetery in Vietnam. For Vietnamese-Americans, the Mourning Soldier is as iconic as the Iwo Jima Memorial is for Americans. Nguyen said the statue isn’t there anymore, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the South Vietnamese regime fell, the first thing the North Vietnamese communists did was to tear down the statues that the regime built,” Nguyen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10341676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite-400x496.jpg\" alt=\"Kim Huynh and Dr. Chinh Huynh at the site of the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery in San Bernardino County. (Ngoc Nguyen/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"496\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10341676\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite-400x496.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kim Huynh and Dr. Chinh Huynh at the site of the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery in San Bernardino County. (Ngoc Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bien Hoa Cemetery in Vietnam is barely recognizable. It lies in ruins, and some graves have been desecrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we heard that, we were sad,” Huynh said. “We decided that we have to build something like it overseas. That’s why we formed a group.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh’s Committee to Build the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery bought the land in San Bernardino for $250,000. It was cheaper than trying to buy land in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh has blueprints for what could be an elaborate resting place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we see six black walls,” he said. “The names of the fallen soldiers will be written on these walls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site will also include two lakes, a camping site, a museum and a King Hung temple, Huynh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also plans for a replica of the mourning solider statue that used to stand at the cemetery’s namesake in Vietnam. It will be outside the cemetery gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he dies, Huynh said, he wants to be buried at this Bien Hoa Cemetery, next to his fellow soldiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we live, we fight side by side, and when we die, we like to die side by side,” Huynh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag for the project could be somewhere between $10 and $20 million, and Huynh’s committee has been busy fundraising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh often sings at these fundraising events. He’s a well-known singer in Vietnamese circles. During the war, he organized USO-style shows to entertain the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an emotional issue for the Vietnamese community in exile. It largely supports the new Bien Hoa Cemetery project, even if some feel it’s a bit far from where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dream of each veteran is to be laid to rest among fellow soldiers,” South Vietnamese veteran Truat Quang Dinh said April 30 at Little Saigon’s annual commemoration of the fall of Saigon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh’s wife Kim said it could be 10 years before any veterans are buried on the land in San Bernardino County. She stopped in front of a two-story grave for husband and wife at Westminster Memorial Park Mortuary, which is right off Little Saigon’s main shopping street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one who [passes] away first lies on the bottom, and the one who dies later lays on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband, who is 71, bought the two plots in Westminister — in case the Bien Hoa cemetery they envision hasn’t opened before they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"http://newamericamedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New America Media\u003c/a> and KQED’s The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a wooden sign that bears the name of the cemetery, “Nghia Trang Bien Hoa Hai Ngoai.” In English, it’s The Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s named after one that still exists outside Ho Chi Minh City, which is what Saigon was renamed after the war ended in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 1970s, the Republic of Vietnam had built its own cemetery to mourn its fallen soldiers,” said Viet Nguyen, a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A famous bronze statue of a soldier in mourning used to stand outside the gates of the Bien Hoa cemetery in Vietnam. For Vietnamese-Americans, the Mourning Soldier is as iconic as the Iwo Jima Memorial is for Americans. Nguyen said the statue isn’t there anymore, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the South Vietnamese regime fell, the first thing the North Vietnamese communists did was to tear down the statues that the regime built,” Nguyen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10341676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite-400x496.jpg\" alt=\"Kim Huynh and Dr. Chinh Huynh at the site of the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery in San Bernardino County. (Ngoc Nguyen/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"496\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10341676\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite-400x496.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/CemeterySite.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kim Huynh and Dr. Chinh Huynh at the site of the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery in San Bernardino County. (Ngoc Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bien Hoa Cemetery in Vietnam is barely recognizable. It lies in ruins, and some graves have been desecrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we heard that, we were sad,” Huynh said. “We decided that we have to build something like it overseas. That’s why we formed a group.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh’s Committee to Build the Overseas Bien Hoa Veterans Cemetery bought the land in San Bernardino for $250,000. It was cheaper than trying to buy land in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh has blueprints for what could be an elaborate resting place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we see six black walls,” he said. “The names of the fallen soldiers will be written on these walls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site will also include two lakes, a camping site, a museum and a King Hung temple, Huynh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also plans for a replica of the mourning solider statue that used to stand at the cemetery’s namesake in Vietnam. It will be outside the cemetery gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he dies, Huynh said, he wants to be buried at this Bien Hoa Cemetery, next to his fellow soldiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we live, we fight side by side, and when we die, we like to die side by side,” Huynh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag for the project could be somewhere between $10 and $20 million, and Huynh’s committee has been busy fundraising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh often sings at these fundraising events. He’s a well-known singer in Vietnamese circles. During the war, he organized USO-style shows to entertain the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an emotional issue for the Vietnamese community in exile. It largely supports the new Bien Hoa Cemetery project, even if some feel it’s a bit far from where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dream of each veteran is to be laid to rest among fellow soldiers,” South Vietnamese veteran Truat Quang Dinh said April 30 at Little Saigon’s annual commemoration of the fall of Saigon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huynh’s wife Kim said it could be 10 years before any veterans are buried on the land in San Bernardino County. She stopped in front of a two-story grave for husband and wife at Westminster Memorial Park Mortuary, which is right off Little Saigon’s main shopping street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one who [passes] away first lies on the bottom, and the one who dies later lays on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband, who is 71, bought the two plots in Westminister — in case the Bien Hoa cemetery they envision hasn’t opened before they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"http://newamericamedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New America Media\u003c/a> and KQED’s The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Veteran's Day is always an important time for reflection, and to thank the millions of men and women who have served or are currently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I found myself poking around census data this morning, curious to find out more about the veteran population in the Bay Area. Where do they live? When did they serve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A few interesting findings:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> 6.5 percent of the California population has veteran status, compared with 8.9 percent of the U.S. population.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In the Bay Area, Solano County has the highest percentage of veterans. They also have the largest percentage of female veterans. Compared to other counties, a high number who served in the Gulf War have settled in Solano County.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara County has the largest total number of veterans.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bay Area veterans are most likely to have served in the Vietnam War.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_117772\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/11/11/117771/few-facts-bay-area-veterans-day/vetsliving/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-117772\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-117772\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/11/VetsLiving.jpg\" alt=\"Where do Bay Area vets live? (Data and graphics from CensusReporter.com. Compiled by Olivia Hubert-Allen)\" width=\"640\" height=\"1728\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Where do Bay Area vets live? (Data and graphics from CensusReporter.com.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the heart of East Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.peraltahacienda.org/pages/main.php?pageid=1&pagecategory=1\">Peralta Hacienda Historical Park\u003c/a> is an incongruous reminder of California’s Mexican past: six acres of open space in a sea of single-family homes. What was once a massive ranchero now features a Victorian house surrounded by carefully tended vegetable gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Glickstein is director of outreach here. He says back in 1820, Antonio Peralta had big agricultural dreams for this stretch of land that slopes down to Peralta Creek. \"And we’re still using this for agriculture, for food, here in the middle of this pretty urban neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, a local community organizer got an idea. Why not let a handful of elderly refugees from Laos work this land? \u003c!--more-->So today, schoolchildren visit to learn about 19th century life in California - making adobe bricks and grinding corn for tortillas - alongside Mien gardeners from Southeast Asian mountain country, refugees from the so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=secret+war+laos\">Secret War\u003c/a>”that the U.S. conducted in their country half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"http://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/108186813\" params=\"\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmong_people\">Hmong\u003c/a>, another ethnic minority in Southeast Asia, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iu_Mien_American\">Mien\u003c/a> (originally from China) supported the U.S. during the Vietnam War. So when America pulled out of Vietnam and Laos, and local Communists took control ... the Mien were in serious trouble. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Communist, you know, faction in the country looked at the Mien people as traitors,\" Kathy Chao Rothberg says. She's the head of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lfcd.org/\">Lao Family Community Development\u003c/a> in Oakland. She estimates some 50,000 Mien refugees live in the U.S. now, 15,000 of them in Sacramento, another 13,000 in the East Bay. \"They’re spread out in East Oakland, in the cities of Richmond, San Pablo, El Sobrante, Pinole, Hercules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chao Rothberg herself came over when she was seven years old. For her, the trauma of the passage to the U.S. is something her father talks about, a dramatic piece of family history. For older Mien refugees, the pain of what they left behind is a personal memory. Those who made it out of Laos ended up in Thai refugee camps, happy to be alive ... but grieving for the people who didn’t make it out or died trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Ten years ago, a local community organizer got an idea. Why not let a handful of elderly refugees from Laos work this land in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nai Siew Saechao, 77, starting working the land as a child with her family in Tum Lan. That translates to \"Big Village.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was in her mid-20s, already a mother of four, when the entire village had to flee. They crossed the border to Thailand and found themselves stuck in a refugee camp, staring at security guards and hanging on the occasional delivery of fresh vegetables to supplement their rice rations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left everything! Cow, horse, pig, chickens,:\" she says. \"And of course the grain. The rice, corn. You can’t carry it. Everything leave it there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four or five years, she made it to the U.S., to Oakland, and to a burgeoning community of Mien refugees. But here amid the concrete and steel of urban America, she yearned for the feel of soil between her fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Peralta Hacienda, the Mien farmers have planted pumpkins, corn and numerous varieties of green beans and herbs. Many of the vegetables grew from seed sent by family and friends back in Laos and Thailand. They provide a fresh, fragrant reminder of home, right here in Oakland, easily incorporated into stir-fries and stews. (For recipes, see my post at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/24/a-taste-of-laos-in-east-oakland/\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Chao Rothberg of Lao Family says you can't understand the power of food and its cultivation to help these community elders feel connected. \"Many have mental health problems and depression. And so the garden, in addition to providing a place where they can grow vegetables and herbs for their consumption [is] also a place they can call home, that they can have other seniors to socialize with. So that they’re not so isolated.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California is home to several Mien farm programs. Others are big enough to support commercial sales, but Peralta Hacienda is sized for the personal use of just 10 people. That said, when the beans are ready to pick, sometime in July, there will be a community feast here. And everyone is invited.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Communist, you know, faction in the country looked at the Mien people as traitors,\" Kathy Chao Rothberg says. She's the head of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lfcd.org/\">Lao Family Community Development\u003c/a> in Oakland. She estimates some 50,000 Mien refugees live in the U.S. now, 15,000 of them in Sacramento, another 13,000 in the East Bay. \"They’re spread out in East Oakland, in the cities of Richmond, San Pablo, El Sobrante, Pinole, Hercules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chao Rothberg herself came over when she was seven years old. For her, the trauma of the passage to the U.S. is something her father talks about, a dramatic piece of family history. For older Mien refugees, the pain of what they left behind is a personal memory. Those who made it out of Laos ended up in Thai refugee camps, happy to be alive ... but grieving for the people who didn’t make it out or died trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Ten years ago, a local community organizer got an idea. Why not let a handful of elderly refugees from Laos work this land in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nai Siew Saechao, 77, starting working the land as a child with her family in Tum Lan. That translates to \"Big Village.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was in her mid-20s, already a mother of four, when the entire village had to flee. They crossed the border to Thailand and found themselves stuck in a refugee camp, staring at security guards and hanging on the occasional delivery of fresh vegetables to supplement their rice rations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left everything! Cow, horse, pig, chickens,:\" she says. \"And of course the grain. The rice, corn. You can’t carry it. Everything leave it there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four or five years, she made it to the U.S., to Oakland, and to a burgeoning community of Mien refugees. But here amid the concrete and steel of urban America, she yearned for the feel of soil between her fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Peralta Hacienda, the Mien farmers have planted pumpkins, corn and numerous varieties of green beans and herbs. Many of the vegetables grew from seed sent by family and friends back in Laos and Thailand. They provide a fresh, fragrant reminder of home, right here in Oakland, easily incorporated into stir-fries and stews. (For recipes, see my post at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/24/a-taste-of-laos-in-east-oakland/\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Chao Rothberg of Lao Family says you can't understand the power of food and its cultivation to help these community elders feel connected. \"Many have mental health problems and depression. And so the garden, in addition to providing a place where they can grow vegetables and herbs for their consumption [is] also a place they can call home, that they can have other seniors to socialize with. So that they’re not so isolated.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California is home to several Mien farm programs. Others are big enough to support commercial sales, but Peralta Hacienda is sized for the personal use of just 10 people. That said, when the beans are ready to pick, sometime in July, there will be a community feast here. And everyone is invited.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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