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"title": "Tahoe Kids Learn How to Grow Kale in the Snow",
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"content": "\u003cp>It may have been a record snow year in the Sierra, but that hasn’t stopped locals from growing their own produce. In addition to the usual covered garden beds, some ambitious Tahoe gardeners have opted for a more engineered option: the Sierra Growing Dome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed in partnership with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tahoe Food Hub\u003c/a> and manufactured by Colorado-based \u003ca href=\"http://geodesic-greenhouse-kits.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Growing Spaces\u003c/a>, the dome comes in a variety of sizes and has been engineered to withstand heavy snow loads. The geodesic greenhouses look a bit like glass golf balls and require no external heat source, which makes them fairly economical to operate. Instead of heating and cooling equipment, the domes’ temperatures are moderated via the sun, a large tank of water and some ingenious vents that keep things cool in the summer and warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most kids don’t know where food comes from.’\u003ccite>Denise Pillsbury, second-grade teacher at Sierra House Elementary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At around $25,000, the domes run the risk of being a luxury that only wealthy foodies can afford for individual use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dome at the Tahoe Food Hub, however, also serves as the organization’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org/grow-local/sierra-agroecology-cen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agroecology center\u003c/a>, where experts share a variety of tips for growing food in alpine climates. The food hub connects local farmers with restaurants, schools and hospitals in the region in an effort to reduce food miles. Executive director Susie Sutphin said she hopes some local cities and organizations might consider taking on a dome. “It would make a lot of sense for some of the ski resorts up here. They’d be able to grow some of their own produce, which would reduce the amount of stuff they need to have trucked in and would also provide really fresh ingredients for their restaurants,” she said. “I could see one of the towns maybe putting one up, too, and they’re great for schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11502114\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11502114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-240x135.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-375x211.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Produce can grow in the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome no matter what the weather outside is like. \u003ccite>(Amy Westervelt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, one local school, \u003ca href=\"http://sierrahouse.ltusd.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra House Elementary\u003c/a> in South Lake Tahoe, raised enough via donations and grants to buy not one but two domes, and start an ambitious gardening program that provides fresh produce twice per week to its students, two-thirds of whom are on the free and reduced lunch program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason for supporting the domes was we thought it would not only improve the kids’ diets, but would also provide a benefit to the broader community if they were going home and encouraging their parents to buy more vegetables,” said Ryan Galles, principal of Sierra House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was actually parent Michelle McLean who got the program off the ground after touring the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome in Truckee. She has now helped the school raise enough to add a pollinator garden, garden-pegged curricula, a garden mural in the cafeteria and even a job for herself coordinating it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MFcneayQaXjvswI0AYSnahIN5quRwTlA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice each week, the kids go out to the domes and learn everything from basic gardening to more advanced biology and engineering. Once per week, they line up for a salad bar stocked by the domes, and you’ve never seen so many 6-year-olds this excited about salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can really tell the difference between the students who have had the domes all along and the ones who were older when we got them,” said McLean. “The younger ones make much healthier choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teachers love the domes, too, and use them as a teaching aid for everything from science to vocabulary. Second-grade teacher Denise Pillsbury said the treks out to the domes help her kids get their wiggles out during the day, and that the program is improving their diets. “Most kids don’t know where food comes from, so they’re getting a much better understanding of it, helping to plant and weed, and then enjoy the food they grow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And principal Galles’ goal of reaching the broader community has been achieved, too. Hector Ochoa, the\u003ca href=\"http://fsnep.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> UC CalFresh Nutrition\u003c/a> educator for Lake Tahoe, said he’s seen how kids are influencing their parents’ shopping and cooking decisions.Ochoa’s been fielding lots of requests at the Family Resource Center for tips on what to do with kale, and has been coordinating cooking classes filled with advice on how to make fresh produce stretch. “Sometimes it is more expensive, so we work with people to figure out how they can use every part of the vegetable, how they might be able to cook and freeze things,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids, though, just think it’s fun. They love to visit the fish in the aquaponic pond that sits in a corner of one of the domes; they like to eat everything from strawberry to mint to kale salad; and they’re noticeably chilled out after getting a little dose of nature in the middle of their school day — even when it’s snowing out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It may have been a record snow year in the Sierra, but that hasn’t stopped locals from growing their own produce. In addition to the usual covered garden beds, some ambitious Tahoe gardeners have opted for a more engineered option: the Sierra Growing Dome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed in partnership with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tahoe Food Hub\u003c/a> and manufactured by Colorado-based \u003ca href=\"http://geodesic-greenhouse-kits.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Growing Spaces\u003c/a>, the dome comes in a variety of sizes and has been engineered to withstand heavy snow loads. The geodesic greenhouses look a bit like glass golf balls and require no external heat source, which makes them fairly economical to operate. Instead of heating and cooling equipment, the domes’ temperatures are moderated via the sun, a large tank of water and some ingenious vents that keep things cool in the summer and warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most kids don’t know where food comes from.’\u003ccite>Denise Pillsbury, second-grade teacher at Sierra House Elementary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At around $25,000, the domes run the risk of being a luxury that only wealthy foodies can afford for individual use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dome at the Tahoe Food Hub, however, also serves as the organization’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org/grow-local/sierra-agroecology-cen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agroecology center\u003c/a>, where experts share a variety of tips for growing food in alpine climates. The food hub connects local farmers with restaurants, schools and hospitals in the region in an effort to reduce food miles. Executive director Susie Sutphin said she hopes some local cities and organizations might consider taking on a dome. “It would make a lot of sense for some of the ski resorts up here. They’d be able to grow some of their own produce, which would reduce the amount of stuff they need to have trucked in and would also provide really fresh ingredients for their restaurants,” she said. “I could see one of the towns maybe putting one up, too, and they’re great for schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11502114\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11502114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-240x135.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-375x211.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Produce can grow in the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome no matter what the weather outside is like. \u003ccite>(Amy Westervelt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, one local school, \u003ca href=\"http://sierrahouse.ltusd.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra House Elementary\u003c/a> in South Lake Tahoe, raised enough via donations and grants to buy not one but two domes, and start an ambitious gardening program that provides fresh produce twice per week to its students, two-thirds of whom are on the free and reduced lunch program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason for supporting the domes was we thought it would not only improve the kids’ diets, but would also provide a benefit to the broader community if they were going home and encouraging their parents to buy more vegetables,” said Ryan Galles, principal of Sierra House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was actually parent Michelle McLean who got the program off the ground after touring the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome in Truckee. She has now helped the school raise enough to add a pollinator garden, garden-pegged curricula, a garden mural in the cafeteria and even a job for herself coordinating it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice each week, the kids go out to the domes and learn everything from basic gardening to more advanced biology and engineering. Once per week, they line up for a salad bar stocked by the domes, and you’ve never seen so many 6-year-olds this excited about salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can really tell the difference between the students who have had the domes all along and the ones who were older when we got them,” said McLean. “The younger ones make much healthier choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teachers love the domes, too, and use them as a teaching aid for everything from science to vocabulary. Second-grade teacher Denise Pillsbury said the treks out to the domes help her kids get their wiggles out during the day, and that the program is improving their diets. “Most kids don’t know where food comes from, so they’re getting a much better understanding of it, helping to plant and weed, and then enjoy the food they grow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And principal Galles’ goal of reaching the broader community has been achieved, too. Hector Ochoa, the\u003ca href=\"http://fsnep.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> UC CalFresh Nutrition\u003c/a> educator for Lake Tahoe, said he’s seen how kids are influencing their parents’ shopping and cooking decisions.Ochoa’s been fielding lots of requests at the Family Resource Center for tips on what to do with kale, and has been coordinating cooking classes filled with advice on how to make fresh produce stretch. “Sometimes it is more expensive, so we work with people to figure out how they can use every part of the vegetable, how they might be able to cook and freeze things,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids, though, just think it’s fun. They love to visit the fish in the aquaponic pond that sits in a corner of one of the domes; they like to eat everything from strawberry to mint to kale salad; and they’re noticeably chilled out after getting a little dose of nature in the middle of their school day — even when it’s snowing out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Epic NorCal Snowpack Melting in Warm Spring Temperatures",
"headTitle": "Epic NorCal Snowpack Melting in Warm Spring Temperatures | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Warming springtime temperatures in California are expected to accelerate melting of the state’s record snowpack, sending water surging down a major river in Yosemite National Park that could overflow its banks, officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reservoirs downstream from the Sierra Nevada have been lowered in anticipation of the heavier-than-normal runoff, said reservoirs managers. The current snowpack is double its normal size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowmelt flows downhill during warm months into reservoirs and canals, which supply one-third of the water used by residents of the most populous U.S. state. It also irrigates crops in the nation’s most productive farming state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warned that they expect the Merced River within Yosemite will hit flood stage in the middle of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly twice as much snow as normal blankets the 400-mile (644-kilometer) Sierra Nevada, a big contrast compared two years ago at the height of California’s drought when barely any measureable snow remained, state water managers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1602512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-800x566.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"566\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1602512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-800x566.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-768x543.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1020x721.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1920x1358.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1180x834.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-960x679.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frank Gehrke chief of the California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program and Wes McCandless a contract analyst, conduct the final snow survey for the 2017 snow season at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Northern California. \u003ccite>(ale Kolke/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What goes up must come down,” said Doug Carlson, a spokesman for the California Department of Water Resources. “The snow that’s sitting on the mountains will come down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program on Monday was measuring how much water the snow holds, which should give officials an indication of how much water will be released by the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowy winter has been especially cruel to wildlife in the mountains — killing off bighorn sheep and lengthening hibernation periods for bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During California’s drought, the iconic Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep moved from lower elevations higher up into the mountains in search of food, said Jason Holley, a wildlife biologist for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heavy snow may have killed 100 of the 600 or so bighorn, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve triggered some avalanches,” Holley said. “Others go caught in areas with no natural food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowdrifts have also kept many bears hibernating in the remote wilderness inside their dens one month longer than normal because food is still scarce, Holley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1602511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1602511 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-800x513.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-1020x654.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-520x334.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017.jpg 1060w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s been a record year for snow in Northern California. Here, a Planet Labs satellite captures the snowpack in Mammoth on January 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Image provided by \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hikers heading to the mountains are sure to find damaged roads leading to prized campgrounds that may not be repaired until next year, said Stanislaus National Forest officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yosemite National Park, rangers warned that visitors will need to be careful when they are near swift-flowing rivers and waterfalls with much higher water flows than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inexperienced hikers heading into the mountains should be prepared for snow lasting longer than normal this spring and should hike with more experienced people or consider heading to coastal mountains not covered in snow, said Kathryn Phillips, director of the Sierra Club California\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only is it technically difficult, it is pretty uncomfortable,” Phillips said. “If you’ve never done it before, go with somebody who has.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the snow melts, there's a moderate flood risk on the Merced River in Yosemite and on the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe this week. Officials say more hot weather could cause increased risk in the weeks and months ahead. \r\n\r\n",
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"description": "As the snow melts, there's a moderate flood risk on the Merced River in Yosemite and on the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe this week. Officials say more hot weather could cause increased risk in the weeks and months ahead. \r\n\r\n",
"title": "Epic NorCal Snowpack Melting in Warm Spring Temperatures | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Warming springtime temperatures in California are expected to accelerate melting of the state’s record snowpack, sending water surging down a major river in Yosemite National Park that could overflow its banks, officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reservoirs downstream from the Sierra Nevada have been lowered in anticipation of the heavier-than-normal runoff, said reservoirs managers. The current snowpack is double its normal size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowmelt flows downhill during warm months into reservoirs and canals, which supply one-third of the water used by residents of the most populous U.S. state. It also irrigates crops in the nation’s most productive farming state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warned that they expect the Merced River within Yosemite will hit flood stage in the middle of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly twice as much snow as normal blankets the 400-mile (644-kilometer) Sierra Nevada, a big contrast compared two years ago at the height of California’s drought when barely any measureable snow remained, state water managers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1602512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-800x566.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"566\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1602512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-800x566.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-768x543.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1020x721.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1920x1358.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-1180x834.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-960x679.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/DK_snow_-survey_8534_05_01_2017-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frank Gehrke chief of the California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program and Wes McCandless a contract analyst, conduct the final snow survey for the 2017 snow season at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Northern California. \u003ccite>(ale Kolke/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What goes up must come down,” said Doug Carlson, a spokesman for the California Department of Water Resources. “The snow that’s sitting on the mountains will come down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program on Monday was measuring how much water the snow holds, which should give officials an indication of how much water will be released by the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowy winter has been especially cruel to wildlife in the mountains — killing off bighorn sheep and lengthening hibernation periods for bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During California’s drought, the iconic Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep moved from lower elevations higher up into the mountains in search of food, said Jason Holley, a wildlife biologist for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heavy snow may have killed 100 of the 600 or so bighorn, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve triggered some avalanches,” Holley said. “Others go caught in areas with no natural food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowdrifts have also kept many bears hibernating in the remote wilderness inside their dens one month longer than normal because food is still scarce, Holley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1602511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1602511 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-800x513.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-1020x654.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017-520x334.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Mammoth_Jan_14_2017.jpg 1060w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s been a record year for snow in Northern California. Here, a Planet Labs satellite captures the snowpack in Mammoth on January 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Image provided by \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hikers heading to the mountains are sure to find damaged roads leading to prized campgrounds that may not be repaired until next year, said Stanislaus National Forest officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yosemite National Park, rangers warned that visitors will need to be careful when they are near swift-flowing rivers and waterfalls with much higher water flows than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inexperienced hikers heading into the mountains should be prepared for snow lasting longer than normal this spring and should hike with more experienced people or consider heading to coastal mountains not covered in snow, said Kathryn Phillips, director of the Sierra Club California\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only is it technically difficult, it is pretty uncomfortable,” Phillips said. “If you’ve never done it before, go with somebody who has.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Astounding' Snowpack Bodes Well for Summer Water Supply",
"headTitle": "‘Astounding’ Snowpack Bodes Well for Summer Water Supply | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Two years ago, as the Sierra snowpack would normally be peaking, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">stood on a barren mountain\u003c/a> slope near Lake Tahoe and announced statewide emergency drought measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in the same spot today, he’d be buried under more than seven feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a transformed landscape,” observed Tom Painter, a snow hydrologist and principal investigator at the \u003ca href=\"http://aso.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">the Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, source of about a third of California’s water, stands at 173 percent of the long-term average for early February. In fact, it’s already more than 100 percent of the average for Apr. 1, when the snowpack usually tops out for the year. In other words, there’s essentially an entire winter’s worth of snow already on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s unbelievable how much water fell out of the sky during that period.’\u003ccite>Tom Painter, snow hydrologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more impressive, though, is how much of it fell during just two prolonged “atmospheric river” storms in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable how much water fell out of the sky during that period of ‘snow-pocalypse,'” said Painter, who was digging into the snow 10,000 feet up Mammoth Mountain this week, to take measurements that will provide more accurate runoff predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter told KQED that the volume of water that fell on the Sierra from multi-day storms that began on Jan. 7 and 18, respectively, was 25 percent more than the average annual flow of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/305803770″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter’s colleague, Noah Molotch was a bit more understated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Impressive,” is how Molotch describes it. He and Painter co-authored a study suggesting that January’s snows by themselves \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-018\">might have erased as much as 37 percent\u003c/a> of the snow-water deficit accrued over more than five years of California drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1372918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1252px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1372918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201.png\" alt=\"Snow hydrologist Tom Painter takes a break after digging out a snow pit, to measure density and other parameters.\" width=\"1252\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201.png 1252w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-160x213.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-800x1063.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-768x1021.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-1020x1356.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-1180x1568.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-960x1276.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-240x319.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-375x498.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-520x691.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1252px) 100vw, 1252px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow hydrologist Tom Painter takes a break after digging out a snow pit, to measure density, temperature, and other parameters. \u003ccite>(Kat Borman/NASA-JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It is a fairly astounding quantity when you think about it,” says Molotch, a snow hydrologist at the University of Colorado, “but it still is only about a third of the total snow-water deficit that we experienced during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major remaining concern is the state’s groundwater supply. The enormous draw-down of California’s aquifers during the recent dry years — especially in the Central Valley — is one reason that state officials have been hesitant to declare an official \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">end to the drought\u003c/a>. Molotch says recharging that vast underground reservoir will take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big part of why one or even two big snow years is not going to make up for the long-term water deficit that has resulted from the very intense groundwater pumping that has occurred during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ever-buoyant Painter pointed to a bonus: the high-elevation snow remains extremely cold, which means it’s likely to stay in place longer into the spring. That will produce a gradual, measured runoff that should keep rivers and reservoirs at healthy levels, and keep hydroelectric plants humming well into the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this year’s eye-popping snowpack, scientists still expect California’s “frozen reservoir” to decline in coming decades, as temperatures rise and precipitation patterns shift with the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In California's snowiest January on record, more water fell on the Sierra than the annual flow of the Colorado River.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years ago, as the Sierra snowpack would normally be peaking, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">stood on a barren mountain\u003c/a> slope near Lake Tahoe and announced statewide emergency drought measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in the same spot today, he’d be buried under more than seven feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a transformed landscape,” observed Tom Painter, a snow hydrologist and principal investigator at the \u003ca href=\"http://aso.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA Airborne Snow Observatory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">the Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, source of about a third of California’s water, stands at 173 percent of the long-term average for early February. In fact, it’s already more than 100 percent of the average for Apr. 1, when the snowpack usually tops out for the year. In other words, there’s essentially an entire winter’s worth of snow already on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s unbelievable how much water fell out of the sky during that period.’\u003ccite>Tom Painter, snow hydrologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more impressive, though, is how much of it fell during just two prolonged “atmospheric river” storms in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable how much water fell out of the sky during that period of ‘snow-pocalypse,'” said Painter, who was digging into the snow 10,000 feet up Mammoth Mountain this week, to take measurements that will provide more accurate runoff predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter told KQED that the volume of water that fell on the Sierra from multi-day storms that began on Jan. 7 and 18, respectively, was 25 percent more than the average annual flow of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/305803770″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/305803770″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter’s colleague, Noah Molotch was a bit more understated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Impressive,” is how Molotch describes it. He and Painter co-authored a study suggesting that January’s snows by themselves \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-018\">might have erased as much as 37 percent\u003c/a> of the snow-water deficit accrued over more than five years of California drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1372918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1252px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1372918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201.png\" alt=\"Snow hydrologist Tom Painter takes a break after digging out a snow pit, to measure density and other parameters.\" width=\"1252\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201.png 1252w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-160x213.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-800x1063.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-768x1021.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-1020x1356.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-1180x1568.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-960x1276.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-240x319.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-375x498.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Painter_snowpit-Mammoth_170201-520x691.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1252px) 100vw, 1252px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow hydrologist Tom Painter takes a break after digging out a snow pit, to measure density, temperature, and other parameters. \u003ccite>(Kat Borman/NASA-JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It is a fairly astounding quantity when you think about it,” says Molotch, a snow hydrologist at the University of Colorado, “but it still is only about a third of the total snow-water deficit that we experienced during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major remaining concern is the state’s groundwater supply. The enormous draw-down of California’s aquifers during the recent dry years — especially in the Central Valley — is one reason that state officials have been hesitant to declare an official \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">end to the drought\u003c/a>. Molotch says recharging that vast underground reservoir will take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big part of why one or even two big snow years is not going to make up for the long-term water deficit that has resulted from the very intense groundwater pumping that has occurred during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ever-buoyant Painter pointed to a bonus: the high-elevation snow remains extremely cold, which means it’s likely to stay in place longer into the spring. That will produce a gradual, measured runoff that should keep rivers and reservoirs at healthy levels, and keep hydroelectric plants humming well into the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this year’s eye-popping snowpack, scientists still expect California’s “frozen reservoir” to decline in coming decades, as temperatures rise and precipitation patterns shift with the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns",
"headTitle": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Americans have had one primary reason for building dams over the past century: capturing water for growth, whether on farms or in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a new dam proposed on California’s Bear River offers another reason: adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centennialreservoir.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Centennial dam\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project, proposed by the Nevada Irrigation District, is intended to capture rainfall at lower elevations to make up for declining snowpack at higher elevations. It would be built at an elevation of about 2,000 feet between two existing reservoirs on the Bear River—Rollins and Combie—in a region of the Sierra Nevada where winter rainfall can be prolific but snowfall is light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district suffered in 2015, along with the rest of California, when winter snowpack nearly vanished completely. On April 1 of that year, at the end of winter, the state Department of Water Resources measured the Sierra snowpack at just \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/040115snowsurvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">5 percent of average\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the lowest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1309876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1138px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1309876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif. \" width=\"1138\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg 1138w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-800x1012.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-768x972.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-1020x1291.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-960x1215.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-240x304.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-375x475.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-520x658.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1138px) 100vw, 1138px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Irrigation District that year was forced to buy water from Pacific Gas \u003cspan class=\"amp\">&\u003c/span> Electric Co. out of Rollins Reservoir to serve its customers. That emergency supply—16,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">19.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) – cost $1 million and might not be available next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t want to have to go begging like that again, said Nick Wilcox, a member of the district’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are being seriously impacted now by climate change, and will be more so in the future,” Wilcox said. “This is an attempt to create more mid-elevation storage to capture winter rains for use later in time. We need to control our own destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change scenarios anticipate, as temperatures rise, more Sierra precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow. That means the mountain snowpack that California has relied upon historically to survive its hot summers may no longer be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Nevada Irrigation District conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, and water rights for the project have been held ‘in trust’ ever since.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Centennial proposal would store 110,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">135.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) of water by building a dam 275 feet (84m) tall across the Bear River, near the town of Meadow Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would make it larger than any of the district’s existing \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/water-service/about-your-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">10 reservoirs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and it would be one of the largest dams built in California in some time. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/435/Los-Vaqueros-Project-History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Los Vaqueros Reservoir\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, built by Contra Costa Water District, was 100,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">123.3\u003c/span> million cubic meters) when first constructed in 1998 (and expanded to 160,000 acre-feet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district hopes to release a draft environmental impact report on the project in 2017 and start construction for the district’s 100th anniversary in 2021—hence the “centennial” name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it is hardly the first dam on the Bear River, the project has prompted a number of concerns among local residents and river advocates, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Less streamflow for imperiled fish downstream.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would silence a 6-mile stretch of flowing water that residents enjoy, drowning the popular Bear River Campground operated by Placer County, as well as 25 homes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It will require a new bridge across the Bear River that could bring more traffic through Meadow Vista.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would flood dozens of American Indian cultural sites along the river.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a 19th-century solution to a 21st-century problem,” said Traci Sheehan, coordinator of the Foothill Water Network, a coalition of local groups formed to oppose the dam. “Especially during a time of climate change, you need to be really thoughtful. We believe there are more cost-effective and less environmentally destructive alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those is meadow restoration, Sheehan said. Sierra meadows have been degraded by more than a century of logging and livestock grazing, reducing their ability to store precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of agencies are working to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article13156424.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">restore meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as a water supply solution. The Nevada Irrigation District could do the same thing, Sheehan said, on the 70,000 acres (28,328 hectares) of mountain watershed that help fill its water system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is conservation. Only 10 percent of the district’s customers are residential or business customers who consume treated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest are agricultural customers who receive untreated or “raw” water. This water is delivered in a 475-mile (764km) ditch system. Much of this dates to the Gold Rush and a lot of it is unlined, resulting in losses of 10 percent or more due to seepage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has a program to line or pipe its ditches “when feasible,” said general manager Rem Scherzinger. In practice, this means about 2 miles (3.2km) per year, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/FINAL2015_Agricultural_Water_Mgmt_Plan_012916.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As any responsible agency should, we must explore and utilize all of our resources,” Scherzinger said. “These range from conservation and watershed management to leak loss prevention and the construction of storage facilities to try to protect our community. Centennial is one facet in a holistic approach to survive the coming reality of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s treated water customers were required by the state to achieve 33 percent conservation last year because of the drought. They managed 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its raw water customers, however, had no conservation requirement because the state exempted agricultural water users. Although many of the district’s raw water customers are small farmers and ranchers, many are large residential property owners who use the water for other purposes, including landscaping and ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we want to make sure farmers get every ounce of water they need for their crops, we believe a lot of agricultural water is going to water the lawns of McMansions,” said Caleb Dardick, executive director of the South Yuba River Citizens League, a small but influential environmental group working to restore river flows for fish and recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual feature of the Nevada Irrigation District system is that it diverts substantial amounts of water from the Yuba River, through a tunnel, into the Bear River, to serve a significant share of its customers in both Nevada and Placer counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dardick worries that if the district doesn’t get the water it needs from the Bear River to fill Centennial Reservoir, it will divert more water from the Yuba River to fill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilcox said the opposite will actually be true. Building Centennial Reservoir, he said, will allow the district to divert less water from the Yuba to serve its customers in Placer County, who could then be served by Bear River water stored in Centennial Reservoir instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he said, the new reservoir could actually take pressure off the Yuba River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is likely to cost close to $500 million, Wilcox said, which includes the new bridge as well as a possible new hydroelectric unit at Rollins Reservoir, for which the district already has a federal permit. The district would use revenues from electricity sales to help offset construction costs. No rate increases will be needed to pay for the project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not enough to say, ‘Well, dams are outdated; we hate dams,’” Wilcox said. “Dams are inherently destructive. I grant you that. But they really do provide some water-supply reliability. And our whole society is heavily dependent on infrastructure like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical issue for the project is water rights. Nevada Irrigation District actually conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, when it was known as Parker Dam. Wilcox says the State Water Resources Control Board has held water rights for the project “in trust” ever since. But the district does not hold title to the water, which must be granted by the state through a separate hearing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since 1927 in California’s understanding of water availability. Estimates from that time of nature’s ability to provide water are now recognized as optimistic. It is also understood that the state has already \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">allocated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> much more water rights than there is actual water to divert. So it remains to be seen if 110,000 acre-feet of Bear River water is truly still available for a new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Covert, spokeswoman for the Nisenan Tribe’s Nevada City Rancheria, wants the water district to explore every possible alternative before moving ahead with the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the project will drown cultural sites the tribe has used for millennia. This includes former village sites, places where cremation rituals were performed and where tribal members still go today to harvest natural resources and connect with flowing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “momilaj” (mome-lay) in the Nisenan language, flowing water is important to some tribal cultural practices, said Covert, who is also a member of the tribal council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“I can’t believe that in 2016, our few remaining resources that we still have access to are in danger of being lost again,” she said. “It’s a big deal to change a flowing, rushing river into a big puddle. Water is a living thing, a living being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/01/09/new-california-dam-proposed-to-combat-climate-change-concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nevada Irrigation District, which serves two California counties, wants to build a new reservoir on the Bear River to capture rainfall, amid concerns that climate change is shrinking Sierra Nevada snowpack.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Americans have had one primary reason for building dams over the past century: capturing water for growth, whether on farms or in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a new dam proposed on California’s Bear River offers another reason: adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centennialreservoir.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Centennial dam\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project, proposed by the Nevada Irrigation District, is intended to capture rainfall at lower elevations to make up for declining snowpack at higher elevations. It would be built at an elevation of about 2,000 feet between two existing reservoirs on the Bear River—Rollins and Combie—in a region of the Sierra Nevada where winter rainfall can be prolific but snowfall is light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district suffered in 2015, along with the rest of California, when winter snowpack nearly vanished completely. On April 1 of that year, at the end of winter, the state Department of Water Resources measured the Sierra snowpack at just \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/040115snowsurvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">5 percent of average\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the lowest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1309876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1138px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1309876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif. \" width=\"1138\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg 1138w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-800x1012.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-768x972.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-1020x1291.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-960x1215.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-240x304.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-375x475.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-520x658.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1138px) 100vw, 1138px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Irrigation District that year was forced to buy water from Pacific Gas \u003cspan class=\"amp\">&\u003c/span> Electric Co. out of Rollins Reservoir to serve its customers. That emergency supply—16,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">19.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) – cost $1 million and might not be available next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t want to have to go begging like that again, said Nick Wilcox, a member of the district’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are being seriously impacted now by climate change, and will be more so in the future,” Wilcox said. “This is an attempt to create more mid-elevation storage to capture winter rains for use later in time. We need to control our own destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change scenarios anticipate, as temperatures rise, more Sierra precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow. That means the mountain snowpack that California has relied upon historically to survive its hot summers may no longer be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Nevada Irrigation District conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, and water rights for the project have been held ‘in trust’ ever since.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Centennial proposal would store 110,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">135.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) of water by building a dam 275 feet (84m) tall across the Bear River, near the town of Meadow Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would make it larger than any of the district’s existing \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/water-service/about-your-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">10 reservoirs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and it would be one of the largest dams built in California in some time. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/435/Los-Vaqueros-Project-History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Los Vaqueros Reservoir\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, built by Contra Costa Water District, was 100,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">123.3\u003c/span> million cubic meters) when first constructed in 1998 (and expanded to 160,000 acre-feet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district hopes to release a draft environmental impact report on the project in 2017 and start construction for the district’s 100th anniversary in 2021—hence the “centennial” name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it is hardly the first dam on the Bear River, the project has prompted a number of concerns among local residents and river advocates, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Less streamflow for imperiled fish downstream.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would silence a 6-mile stretch of flowing water that residents enjoy, drowning the popular Bear River Campground operated by Placer County, as well as 25 homes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It will require a new bridge across the Bear River that could bring more traffic through Meadow Vista.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would flood dozens of American Indian cultural sites along the river.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a 19th-century solution to a 21st-century problem,” said Traci Sheehan, coordinator of the Foothill Water Network, a coalition of local groups formed to oppose the dam. “Especially during a time of climate change, you need to be really thoughtful. We believe there are more cost-effective and less environmentally destructive alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those is meadow restoration, Sheehan said. Sierra meadows have been degraded by more than a century of logging and livestock grazing, reducing their ability to store precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of agencies are working to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article13156424.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">restore meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as a water supply solution. The Nevada Irrigation District could do the same thing, Sheehan said, on the 70,000 acres (28,328 hectares) of mountain watershed that help fill its water system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is conservation. Only 10 percent of the district’s customers are residential or business customers who consume treated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest are agricultural customers who receive untreated or “raw” water. This water is delivered in a 475-mile (764km) ditch system. Much of this dates to the Gold Rush and a lot of it is unlined, resulting in losses of 10 percent or more due to seepage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has a program to line or pipe its ditches “when feasible,” said general manager Rem Scherzinger. In practice, this means about 2 miles (3.2km) per year, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/FINAL2015_Agricultural_Water_Mgmt_Plan_012916.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As any responsible agency should, we must explore and utilize all of our resources,” Scherzinger said. “These range from conservation and watershed management to leak loss prevention and the construction of storage facilities to try to protect our community. Centennial is one facet in a holistic approach to survive the coming reality of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s treated water customers were required by the state to achieve 33 percent conservation last year because of the drought. They managed 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its raw water customers, however, had no conservation requirement because the state exempted agricultural water users. Although many of the district’s raw water customers are small farmers and ranchers, many are large residential property owners who use the water for other purposes, including landscaping and ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we want to make sure farmers get every ounce of water they need for their crops, we believe a lot of agricultural water is going to water the lawns of McMansions,” said Caleb Dardick, executive director of the South Yuba River Citizens League, a small but influential environmental group working to restore river flows for fish and recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual feature of the Nevada Irrigation District system is that it diverts substantial amounts of water from the Yuba River, through a tunnel, into the Bear River, to serve a significant share of its customers in both Nevada and Placer counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dardick worries that if the district doesn’t get the water it needs from the Bear River to fill Centennial Reservoir, it will divert more water from the Yuba River to fill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilcox said the opposite will actually be true. Building Centennial Reservoir, he said, will allow the district to divert less water from the Yuba to serve its customers in Placer County, who could then be served by Bear River water stored in Centennial Reservoir instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he said, the new reservoir could actually take pressure off the Yuba River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is likely to cost close to $500 million, Wilcox said, which includes the new bridge as well as a possible new hydroelectric unit at Rollins Reservoir, for which the district already has a federal permit. The district would use revenues from electricity sales to help offset construction costs. No rate increases will be needed to pay for the project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not enough to say, ‘Well, dams are outdated; we hate dams,’” Wilcox said. “Dams are inherently destructive. I grant you that. But they really do provide some water-supply reliability. And our whole society is heavily dependent on infrastructure like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical issue for the project is water rights. Nevada Irrigation District actually conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, when it was known as Parker Dam. Wilcox says the State Water Resources Control Board has held water rights for the project “in trust” ever since. But the district does not hold title to the water, which must be granted by the state through a separate hearing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since 1927 in California’s understanding of water availability. Estimates from that time of nature’s ability to provide water are now recognized as optimistic. It is also understood that the state has already \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">allocated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> much more water rights than there is actual water to divert. So it remains to be seen if 110,000 acre-feet of Bear River water is truly still available for a new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Covert, spokeswoman for the Nisenan Tribe’s Nevada City Rancheria, wants the water district to explore every possible alternative before moving ahead with the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the project will drown cultural sites the tribe has used for millennia. This includes former village sites, places where cremation rituals were performed and where tribal members still go today to harvest natural resources and connect with flowing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “momilaj” (mome-lay) in the Nisenan language, flowing water is important to some tribal cultural practices, said Covert, who is also a member of the tribal council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“I can’t believe that in 2016, our few remaining resources that we still have access to are in danger of being lost again,” she said. “It’s a big deal to change a flowing, rushing river into a big puddle. Water is a living thing, a living being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/01/09/new-california-dam-proposed-to-combat-climate-change-concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "2 Skiers Caught in Sierra Avalanche Escape Injury",
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"content": "\u003cp>RENO — Two backcountry skiers escaped uninjured Thursday after they were caught in an avalanche that closed the state highway between Reno and Lake Tahoe in a part of the Sierra Nevada where as much as 6 feet of snow has fallen over the past four days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Luckily, no one was hurt,\" said Meg Ragonese, spokeswoman for the Nevada Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man and woman whose names were not released ended up walking off the mountain on their own after rescue crews responded about 12:20 p.m. Thursday along the Mount Rose Highway west of the Mount Rose ski resort, said Washoe County Sheriff's Deputy Jeff McCaskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District spokeswoman Tia Rancourt said the skiers were \"already out of harm's way up on a hillside in the avalanche area\" when the crews arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the skiers had assisted the other one,\" she said. \"Paramedics conducted a medical evaluation and they were released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KOLO8/status/817130673987194880\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the avalanche on U.S. Forest Service land struck a few vehicles traveling on the highway west of the summit near an area popular for sledding and cross-country skiing about 30 miles southwest of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two vehicles ended up getting stuck in several feet of snow, but NDOT snowplows were able to free them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the highway would remain closed for an indefinite period Thursday while crews attempted to trigger some man-made avalanches in an effort to reduce the threat of future snow slides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blizzard conditions had forced the closure of the highway — State Route 431 — most of Wednesday. A small avalanche briefly trapped three vehicles on an access road at the ski resort then, but no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 2 feet of snow has fallen in the past two days at ski resorts in the Tahoe area. A total of 70 inches has been recorded atop the Mount Rose resort since Sunday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, the California Highway Patrol reopened a 50-mile stretch of U.S. Interstate 80 that was closed Wednesday night over Donner Pass west of Truckee. But chains or snow tires remained mandatory Thursday on all the Sierra passes stretching from south of Carson City to north of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several schools in the Tahoe area canceled classes Thursday and others started late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 3 and 5 inches of snow was reported Wednesday night into Thursday in the Reno-Sparks area, where authorities were raising concerns about potential flooding into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service issued a flash flood watch effective Saturday night through Monday morning throughout the region as another storm system moves in with warmer temperatures. As much as 4 inches of rain is forecast in Reno this weekend, with 6 to 12 inches in the Tahoe basin.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The backcountry skiers were caught in an avalanche that closed the Mount Rose highway in a part of the Sierra where as much as 6 feet of snow has fallen over the past four days.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>RENO — Two backcountry skiers escaped uninjured Thursday after they were caught in an avalanche that closed the state highway between Reno and Lake Tahoe in a part of the Sierra Nevada where as much as 6 feet of snow has fallen over the past four days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Luckily, no one was hurt,\" said Meg Ragonese, spokeswoman for the Nevada Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man and woman whose names were not released ended up walking off the mountain on their own after rescue crews responded about 12:20 p.m. Thursday along the Mount Rose Highway west of the Mount Rose ski resort, said Washoe County Sheriff's Deputy Jeff McCaskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District spokeswoman Tia Rancourt said the skiers were \"already out of harm's way up on a hillside in the avalanche area\" when the crews arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the skiers had assisted the other one,\" she said. \"Paramedics conducted a medical evaluation and they were released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the avalanche on U.S. Forest Service land struck a few vehicles traveling on the highway west of the summit near an area popular for sledding and cross-country skiing about 30 miles southwest of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two vehicles ended up getting stuck in several feet of snow, but NDOT snowplows were able to free them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the highway would remain closed for an indefinite period Thursday while crews attempted to trigger some man-made avalanches in an effort to reduce the threat of future snow slides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blizzard conditions had forced the closure of the highway — State Route 431 — most of Wednesday. A small avalanche briefly trapped three vehicles on an access road at the ski resort then, but no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 2 feet of snow has fallen in the past two days at ski resorts in the Tahoe area. A total of 70 inches has been recorded atop the Mount Rose resort since Sunday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, the California Highway Patrol reopened a 50-mile stretch of U.S. Interstate 80 that was closed Wednesday night over Donner Pass west of Truckee. But chains or snow tires remained mandatory Thursday on all the Sierra passes stretching from south of Carson City to north of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several schools in the Tahoe area canceled classes Thursday and others started late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 3 and 5 inches of snow was reported Wednesday night into Thursday in the Reno-Sparks area, where authorities were raising concerns about potential flooding into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service issued a flash flood watch effective Saturday night through Monday morning throughout the region as another storm system moves in with warmer temperatures. As much as 4 inches of rain is forecast in Reno this weekend, with 6 to 12 inches in the Tahoe basin.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Flying Fish That Transformed the Sierra -- for Better and for Worse",
"title": "A Flying Fish That Transformed the Sierra -- for Better and for Worse",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>here’s no road in California quite like Highway 395. For more than 200 miles, the Sierra Nevada rises up alongside the route, a towering granite wall bordering starkly beautiful desert valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are driving 395, chances are you’ve come to fish for trout in one of the area’s alpine lakes. Fishing is synonymous with life in the communities that dot the highway, and it’s responsible for luring nearly half of all tourists to Inyo and Mono counties. But there’s almost nothing natural about trout in the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281145916\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who are fishing in the High Sierra don’t realize that the fish weren’t native,” says Roland Knapp, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucnrs.org/reserves/sierra-nevada-aquatic-research-laboratory.html\" target=\"_blank\">UC Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab\u003c/a>. He says they also don’t know the fish were likely born in hatcheries and dropped into the lakes from airplanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We witness this firsthand on an early morning in July at a tiny airport outside Bishop, a four-hour drive north of L.A., a six-hour drive from San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An airplane idles on the tarmac, and employees from the nearby \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Hatcheries/Fish-Springs\" target=\"_blank\">Fish Springs Hatchery\u003c/a> transfer rainbow trout fingerlings from a pickup into special hoppers built into this King Air 200’s tiny interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067400\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist checks on the accuracy of a trout drop high in the Sierra. \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist checks on the accuracy of a trout drop high in the Sierra. \u003ccite>(Lacy Jane Roberts/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon the plane is flying uncomfortably close to snowy Sierra peaks, swooping in and out of lake basins. It feels like a video game, with the plane diving down to 200 feet above the surface of each lake, then slowing down. Water splashes when the pilots in the cockpit open the hoppers, releasing thousands of baby trout, and there’s an audible, high-pitched whine as the fish fly through the air. The pilots pull up from the lake, clear the valley wall on the other side of the basin, and look back to see if they hit their mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>erial stocking got its start in the mid-1940s, when lots of skilled pilots came home from World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our chief pilot was a B-24 Liberator pilot down in the South Pacific,” says fish biologist Phil Pister, who worked for the California Department of Fish and Game (now Department of Fish and Wildlife) for 40 years, managing 1,000 bodies of water in the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pister says that stocking fish by plane is much more efficient than loading them into containers and hauling them into the backcountry on horses and mules, which is how it used to be done. The first introduction of trout to the Eastern Sierra that he’s heard of came in 1876, thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories3/golden_invitation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the owner\u003c/a> of a high-country \u003ca href=\"http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories1/stevens_timber.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sawmill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Most people who are fishing in the High Sierra don’t realize that the fish weren’t native.'\u003ccite>Roland Knapp,\u003cbr>\nUC Sierra Nevada Aquatic Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“He brought 13 golden trout in a coffee pot on his horse,” says Pister. A dozen are said to have survived the trip and were planted in a nearby creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners and prospectors released trout in lakes and streams near their work sites for food. Mountaineers did, too, creating a food source for their future explorations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, fishing became more and more associated with recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his book, \"An Entirely Synthetic Fish,\" evolutionary biologist Anders Halverson says that, among well-to-do men living in East Coast industrialized cities, \"the outdoor life became \u003cem>de rigeur\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors recommended more outdoor time, and tourists visited wilderness resorts or camped in remote places. It was thought, Halverson says, that “to really reconnect with their virility, men needed to capture and kill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though far from urban centers, fishing became more connected to recreation in the Eastern Sierra, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You had a group in Bishop called the Rainbow Club. Their sole mission was to introduce rainbow trout into the high country,” says Roland Knapp. “You had the Sierra Club doing a lot of the early fish stocking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, government agencies became the major player managing hatcheries and transportation, transforming a once fishless landscape into one brimming with trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-400x243.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. 395 in the Eastern Sierra, just north of Mammoth Lakes\" width=\"400\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-400x243.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-800x487.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-1920x1168.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-960x584.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. 395 in the Eastern Sierra, just north of Mammoth Lakes \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>n a recent summer morning, Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz drives a big truck up 395 toward Convict Lake, outside the town of Mammoth Lakes. It’s carrying tanks filled with water and 2,400 pounds of fish for stocking into roadside lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we go out here, people are all excited and happy. You’re almost like rock stars,” says Ambriz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if on cue, a huge Suburban with two coolers strapped on the back pulls up alongside his truck. The two guys inside wave, and give Ambriz big smiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you were little, do you remember that truck with that funky clown music? ‘Ice cream! Ice cream!’ We’re like the big ice cream truck for adults,” says Ambriz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the lake, Ambriz backs up and releases 3,600 fish in a long gush of water. They swim around wildly once they hit the surface. Gayle Odell and her family, visiting from Orange County, watch and clap. For them, she says, fishing offers “fun, good conversations, getting away from the problems of the world. Just enjoying the beauty that God created. And rainbow trout is delicious. It’s good eating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11070528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz during a trout-planting trip to Convict Lake in the Eastern Sierra.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11070528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz during a trout-planting trip to Convict Lake in the Eastern Sierra.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An hour south, Seth Blackamore steers a boat to the quiet end of South Lake, where trout are biting. He runs the dock at South Lake for Parchers, \u003ca href=\"http://parchersresort.net/\" target=\"_blank\">a century-old resort\u003c/a> that caters to anglers. He says the fishing attracts all kinds of people: honeymooners, retirees and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get three generations worth of father, son, and son coming up, just passing down those memories, showing them what their fathers showed them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anglers are vital to the local economy. Fishing is such an important source of jobs and income that communities pay extra to make sure nearby lakes are stocked for recreational fishing. The Chamber of Commerce in Bishop pays to have the Pleasant Valley Reservoir and Lower Owens River stocked year-round, and Mono County spends over $100,000 annually to stock 21 bodies of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he introduction of trout into Eastern Sierra waters hasn’t worked out as well for native species, says biologist Knapp. He and a team spent much of the 1990s surveying 7,000 Sierra lakes, ponds and puddles, looking at the trout’s impact on native species like the mountain yellow-legged frog. They found that lakes with trout had no more native frogs or invertebrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trout basically eat themselves out of house and home. They will eat anything they can wrap their jaws around, understandably,” Knapp says. “They’re predators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drawing attention to the damage that trout were causing made Knapp pretty unpopular among fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were certainly people who didn’t want to hear the data we were providing. I remember being called the Trout Anti-Christ in one public meeting,” he says. “And I totally understand why somebody might get upset about some scientist saying, ‘Hey, these fish are having negative effects,’ and they’re talking about your favorite lake to go fishing in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067540\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"Retired state fish biologist Phil Pister at Fish Slough in the Owens Valley.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retired state fish biologist Phil Pister at Fish Slough in the Owens Valley. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Phil Pister made a similar discovery in the early 1960s, when he was a new employee at the Department of Fish and Game. Two visiting fish biologists asked him to lead them on an excursion to Fish Slough, a desert wetlands outside Bishop. Their thinking was that water diversions and the introduction of trout had killed off all native fish, including one called the Owens pupfish, but they wanted to make sure. They started mucking around in the marsh and discovered a small remnant population of the small native fish. From that moment, Pister became committed to pushing for more balance between maintaining recreational fisheries and stewarding fragile native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Owens pupfish] are important because they’re part of the biota that evolved here since the beginning of time,” says Pister. “We showed up later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>o, how to find a balance between native species and recreation? “There’s no doubt in my mind that fish and fishing provides a very direct connection between people and the land,” says biologist Knapp, “and sometimes you have to trade off what’s best for native species and what’s best for that more challenging thing to define which is: How we relate to this landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DFW is still committed to recreational fishing, and their employees plant nearly 1.7 million fish a year in the Eastern Sierra, but nearby national parks stopped planting trout in the '90s, and the state has significantly scaled back aerial stocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Knapp have advised agencies that eradicating trout from some lakes -- mostly using gill nets and electroshockers (and, occasionally, Rotenone, a chemical pesticide) -- allows for the recovery of native frogs and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The native frog] populations will increase exponentially really quickly,” says Jim Erdman, a California Department of Fish and Wildlife fisheries biologist. “It’s amazing sometimes how well that works, just to remove some fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native frogs face another major challenge: chytrid fungus. “It’s gotten more complicated since the mid-1990s, when we thought that fish were the [only] major contributor to frog declines,” says Knapp. “So we’re just trying to now find again another balance between all these different stressors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of balancing the desire for recreation with the needs of native species is the Owens Valley Native Fish Sanctuary, in Fish Slough. It’s one of a handful of spots where the Owens pupfish still live, now protected, in the middle of a region where millions of trout are planted every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Support for this story comes from the Fund for Environmental Journalism and California Humanities. Vicky Ly did additional research for this piece.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trout fishing is synonymous with life in the Eastern Sierra, but there’s almost nothing natural about the fish's presence in most of the region. ",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Lacy Jane Roberts and Lisa Morehouse\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>here’s no road in California quite like Highway 395. For more than 200 miles, the Sierra Nevada rises up alongside the route, a towering granite wall bordering starkly beautiful desert valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are driving 395, chances are you’ve come to fish for trout in one of the area’s alpine lakes. Fishing is synonymous with life in the communities that dot the highway, and it’s responsible for luring nearly half of all tourists to Inyo and Mono counties. But there’s almost nothing natural about trout in the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281145916&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281145916'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who are fishing in the High Sierra don’t realize that the fish weren’t native,” says Roland Knapp, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucnrs.org/reserves/sierra-nevada-aquatic-research-laboratory.html\" target=\"_blank\">UC Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab\u003c/a>. He says they also don’t know the fish were likely born in hatcheries and dropped into the lakes from airplanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We witness this firsthand on an early morning in July at a tiny airport outside Bishop, a four-hour drive north of L.A., a six-hour drive from San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An airplane idles on the tarmac, and employees from the nearby \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Hatcheries/Fish-Springs\" target=\"_blank\">Fish Springs Hatchery\u003c/a> transfer rainbow trout fingerlings from a pickup into special hoppers built into this King Air 200’s tiny interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067400\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"A Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist checks on the accuracy of a trout drop high in the Sierra. \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21011_IMG_0601-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist checks on the accuracy of a trout drop high in the Sierra. \u003ccite>(Lacy Jane Roberts/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon the plane is flying uncomfortably close to snowy Sierra peaks, swooping in and out of lake basins. It feels like a video game, with the plane diving down to 200 feet above the surface of each lake, then slowing down. Water splashes when the pilots in the cockpit open the hoppers, releasing thousands of baby trout, and there’s an audible, high-pitched whine as the fish fly through the air. The pilots pull up from the lake, clear the valley wall on the other side of the basin, and look back to see if they hit their mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>erial stocking got its start in the mid-1940s, when lots of skilled pilots came home from World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our chief pilot was a B-24 Liberator pilot down in the South Pacific,” says fish biologist Phil Pister, who worked for the California Department of Fish and Game (now Department of Fish and Wildlife) for 40 years, managing 1,000 bodies of water in the Eastern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pister says that stocking fish by plane is much more efficient than loading them into containers and hauling them into the backcountry on horses and mules, which is how it used to be done. The first introduction of trout to the Eastern Sierra that he’s heard of came in 1876, thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories3/golden_invitation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the owner\u003c/a> of a high-country \u003ca href=\"http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories1/stevens_timber.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sawmill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Most people who are fishing in the High Sierra don’t realize that the fish weren’t native.'\u003ccite>Roland Knapp,\u003cbr>\nUC Sierra Nevada Aquatic Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“He brought 13 golden trout in a coffee pot on his horse,” says Pister. A dozen are said to have survived the trip and were planted in a nearby creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners and prospectors released trout in lakes and streams near their work sites for food. Mountaineers did, too, creating a food source for their future explorations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, fishing became more and more associated with recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his book, \"An Entirely Synthetic Fish,\" evolutionary biologist Anders Halverson says that, among well-to-do men living in East Coast industrialized cities, \"the outdoor life became \u003cem>de rigeur\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors recommended more outdoor time, and tourists visited wilderness resorts or camped in remote places. It was thought, Halverson says, that “to really reconnect with their virility, men needed to capture and kill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though far from urban centers, fishing became more connected to recreation in the Eastern Sierra, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You had a group in Bishop called the Rainbow Club. Their sole mission was to introduce rainbow trout into the high country,” says Roland Knapp. “You had the Sierra Club doing a lot of the early fish stocking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, government agencies became the major player managing hatcheries and transportation, transforming a once fishless landscape into one brimming with trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-400x243.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. 395 in the Eastern Sierra, just north of Mammoth Lakes\" width=\"400\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-400x243.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-800x487.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-1920x1168.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k-960x584.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/27509406620_fb27eaf7d1_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. 395 in the Eastern Sierra, just north of Mammoth Lakes \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">O\u003c/span>n a recent summer morning, Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz drives a big truck up 395 toward Convict Lake, outside the town of Mammoth Lakes. It’s carrying tanks filled with water and 2,400 pounds of fish for stocking into roadside lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we go out here, people are all excited and happy. You’re almost like rock stars,” says Ambriz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if on cue, a huge Suburban with two coolers strapped on the back pulls up alongside his truck. The two guys inside wave, and give Ambriz big smiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you were little, do you remember that truck with that funky clown music? ‘Ice cream! Ice cream!’ We’re like the big ice cream truck for adults,” says Ambriz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the lake, Ambriz backs up and releases 3,600 fish in a long gush of water. They swim around wildly once they hit the surface. Gayle Odell and her family, visiting from Orange County, watch and clap. For them, she says, fishing offers “fun, good conversations, getting away from the problems of the world. Just enjoying the beauty that God created. And rainbow trout is delicious. It’s good eating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11070528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz during a trout-planting trip to Convict Lake in the Eastern Sierra.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11070528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS20839_P1040857-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Fish and Wildlife technician Tony Ambriz during a trout-planting trip to Convict Lake in the Eastern Sierra.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An hour south, Seth Blackamore steers a boat to the quiet end of South Lake, where trout are biting. He runs the dock at South Lake for Parchers, \u003ca href=\"http://parchersresort.net/\" target=\"_blank\">a century-old resort\u003c/a> that caters to anglers. He says the fishing attracts all kinds of people: honeymooners, retirees and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get three generations worth of father, son, and son coming up, just passing down those memories, showing them what their fathers showed them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anglers are vital to the local economy. Fishing is such an important source of jobs and income that communities pay extra to make sure nearby lakes are stocked for recreational fishing. The Chamber of Commerce in Bishop pays to have the Pleasant Valley Reservoir and Lower Owens River stocked year-round, and Mono County spends over $100,000 annually to stock 21 bodies of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he introduction of trout into Eastern Sierra waters hasn’t worked out as well for native species, says biologist Knapp. He and a team spent much of the 1990s surveying 7,000 Sierra lakes, ponds and puddles, looking at the trout’s impact on native species like the mountain yellow-legged frog. They found that lakes with trout had no more native frogs or invertebrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trout basically eat themselves out of house and home. They will eat anything they can wrap their jaws around, understandably,” Knapp says. “They’re predators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drawing attention to the damage that trout were causing made Knapp pretty unpopular among fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were certainly people who didn’t want to hear the data we were providing. I remember being called the Trout Anti-Christ in one public meeting,” he says. “And I totally understand why somebody might get upset about some scientist saying, ‘Hey, these fish are having negative effects,’ and they’re talking about your favorite lake to go fishing in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067540\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11067540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"Retired state fish biologist Phil Pister at Fish Slough in the Owens Valley.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS20821_P1040862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retired state fish biologist Phil Pister at Fish Slough in the Owens Valley. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Phil Pister made a similar discovery in the early 1960s, when he was a new employee at the Department of Fish and Game. Two visiting fish biologists asked him to lead them on an excursion to Fish Slough, a desert wetlands outside Bishop. Their thinking was that water diversions and the introduction of trout had killed off all native fish, including one called the Owens pupfish, but they wanted to make sure. They started mucking around in the marsh and discovered a small remnant population of the small native fish. From that moment, Pister became committed to pushing for more balance between maintaining recreational fisheries and stewarding fragile native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Owens pupfish] are important because they’re part of the biota that evolved here since the beginning of time,” says Pister. “We showed up later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>o, how to find a balance between native species and recreation? “There’s no doubt in my mind that fish and fishing provides a very direct connection between people and the land,” says biologist Knapp, “and sometimes you have to trade off what’s best for native species and what’s best for that more challenging thing to define which is: How we relate to this landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DFW is still committed to recreational fishing, and their employees plant nearly 1.7 million fish a year in the Eastern Sierra, but nearby national parks stopped planting trout in the '90s, and the state has significantly scaled back aerial stocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Knapp have advised agencies that eradicating trout from some lakes -- mostly using gill nets and electroshockers (and, occasionally, Rotenone, a chemical pesticide) -- allows for the recovery of native frogs and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The native frog] populations will increase exponentially really quickly,” says Jim Erdman, a California Department of Fish and Wildlife fisheries biologist. “It’s amazing sometimes how well that works, just to remove some fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native frogs face another major challenge: chytrid fungus. “It’s gotten more complicated since the mid-1990s, when we thought that fish were the [only] major contributor to frog declines,” says Knapp. “So we’re just trying to now find again another balance between all these different stressors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of balancing the desire for recreation with the needs of native species is the Owens Valley Native Fish Sanctuary, in Fish Slough. It’s one of a handful of spots where the Owens pupfish still live, now protected, in the middle of a region where millions of trout are planted every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Support for this story comes from the Fund for Environmental Journalism and California Humanities. Vicky Ly did additional research for this piece.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Warming at Alarming Rate, Lake Tahoe Reflects Rapid Sierra Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is showing some severe impacts from the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicators released Thursday in the annual “\u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Lake\u003c/a>” report packed a few surprises, even for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, the lake has been warming faster than ever recorded. In 2015 the lake’s average temperature rose 0.48 degrees Fahrenheit — and over the last four years, the rise was 15 times faster than the lake’s historic warming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That came as a surprise to me,” says Geoffrey Schladow, a UC Davis freshwater scientist and lead author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the enormous volume of Lake Tahoe, Schladow is struck by how quickly it warmed. Schladow says if you took the full volume of water in Tahoe and spread it out over California, it would cover the state in 15 inches of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a lot of water,” he notes. “We’re not saying that it’s going to keep increasing at that rate, but the fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.’\u003ccite>Geoffrey Schladow, UC Davis freshwater scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more disturbing to scientists is how all this warming has affected the lake’s ability to mix its own waters, a natural process that is thermally driven. The warm winters have stunted that process, meaning that oxygen-rich surface water is not making it to the lake bottom, depriving fish and other life forms of oxygen. Scientists routinely measure how deep the mixing occurs — the deeper, the healthier for the lake — and last year’s level was 262 feet, the most shallow ever recorded. Tahoe’s maximum depth is more than 1600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing now is that the climate and the weather are starting to affect the lake more directly,” says Schladow, who notes that Tahoe is only a mirror held up to the rest of the state; if this critical mixing process is shutting down in Tahoe, it’s doubtless happening in other lakes around the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 716px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg\" alt=\"The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe -- and elsewhere in the Sierra -- is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state's water supply.\" width=\"716\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg 716w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe — and elsewhere in the Sierra — is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state’s water supply. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have warned that the Sierra would gradually see more rain and less snow because of the warming climate, a trend that has potentially dire consequences for California’s water supply. But the trend of the last few years has been stunning. The report’s authors noted that during the winter of 2014-2015, just 6.5 percent of precipitation at the lake level fell in the form of snow. Decades ago it was more like a 50-50 mix.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is showing some severe impacts from the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicators released Thursday in the annual “\u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Lake\u003c/a>” report packed a few surprises, even for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, the lake has been warming faster than ever recorded. In 2015 the lake’s average temperature rose 0.48 degrees Fahrenheit — and over the last four years, the rise was 15 times faster than the lake’s historic warming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That came as a surprise to me,” says Geoffrey Schladow, a UC Davis freshwater scientist and lead author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the enormous volume of Lake Tahoe, Schladow is struck by how quickly it warmed. Schladow says if you took the full volume of water in Tahoe and spread it out over California, it would cover the state in 15 inches of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a lot of water,” he notes. “We’re not saying that it’s going to keep increasing at that rate, but the fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.’\u003ccite>Geoffrey Schladow, UC Davis freshwater scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more disturbing to scientists is how all this warming has affected the lake’s ability to mix its own waters, a natural process that is thermally driven. The warm winters have stunted that process, meaning that oxygen-rich surface water is not making it to the lake bottom, depriving fish and other life forms of oxygen. Scientists routinely measure how deep the mixing occurs — the deeper, the healthier for the lake — and last year’s level was 262 feet, the most shallow ever recorded. Tahoe’s maximum depth is more than 1600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing now is that the climate and the weather are starting to affect the lake more directly,” says Schladow, who notes that Tahoe is only a mirror held up to the rest of the state; if this critical mixing process is shutting down in Tahoe, it’s doubtless happening in other lakes around the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 716px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg\" alt=\"The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe -- and elsewhere in the Sierra -- is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state's water supply.\" width=\"716\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg 716w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe — and elsewhere in the Sierra — is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state’s water supply. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have warned that the Sierra would gradually see more rain and less snow because of the warming climate, a trend that has potentially dire consequences for California’s water supply. But the trend of the last few years has been stunning. The report’s authors noted that during the winter of 2014-2015, just 6.5 percent of precipitation at the lake level fell in the form of snow. Decades ago it was more like a 50-50 mix.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interactive: Sierra Snowpack Highs and Lows Over 13 Years",
"headTitle": "Interactive: Sierra Snowpack Highs and Lows Over 13 Years | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Sierra Meltdown: What Snow We Got is Going Fast",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s “frozen reservoir” is melting fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually high temperatures this spring have acted like a blow-drier on accumulated winter snows, despite a healthy boost during the stormy month of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is undeniable: the Sierra snowpack is a lot more robust than the previous winter’s, which was off-the-charts ugly. Around the first of May, water content (which is what really matters) of the snowpack stood at 60 percent of the long-term average. That’s not great news unless you compare it to May 1 of last year, when it was 1 percent. That’s not a typo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 1, when hydrologists generally reckon the snowpack to be at its peak for the season, it stood at 85 percent of the average for that date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring the most intense period of melting is running about two to three weeks earlier than normal, according to Nina Oakley, assistant research climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically the steepest declines are in late April to early May,” she says. But this year, Oakley says monthly average temperatures in the early spring were running 2 to 5 degrees above normal at the higher Sierra elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_679295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 939px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-679295 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604.png\" alt=\"This graph shows this year's snow melt (blue line) starting sooner than the long-term average (red).\" width=\"939\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604.png 939w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-400x196.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-800x391.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-768x375.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graph shows this year’s snow melt (blue line) starting sooner than the long-term average (red). \u003ccite>(Natural Resources Conservation Service/USDA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plus there’s a “snowball” effect, or what Oakley calls a “positive feedback,” in which some snow melt leads to more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as you start melting enough snow that you expose trees, rocks, soil underneath,” she explains, “these features are not reflective like the snow and so they’ll start to absorb solar energy and facilitate further snow melt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a big juggling act, frankly, to manage the water resource here’\u003ccite>Doug Carlson, DWR\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The good news is that a lot of this early melt is ending up in reservoirs. The bad news with an early melt is that as consumers start drawing down those reservoirs, there’s less runoff to replace it during the peak growing season, when it’s most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to capture every drop we can,” says Doug Carlson of the state’s Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big Northern California reservoirs are filling fast. The two biggest, Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville, are both at more than 90 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carlson concedes that significant \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/29/california-reservoirs-are-dumping-water-in-a-drought-but-science-could-change-that/\">volumes of water are let go\u003c/a> for flood control and to push back encroaching salt water and maintain river ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big juggling act, frankly, to manage the water resource here,” says Carlson. “We think we’re capturing a good deal of the snow melt right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An early melt can also have environmental impacts, especially on fish. If the cold water pulses come too early, lower flows and higher water temperatures later in the season can make it difficult or impossible for some species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Warmer-than-usual temperatures in the Sierra are driving the spring melt two to three weeks early.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s “frozen reservoir” is melting fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually high temperatures this spring have acted like a blow-drier on accumulated winter snows, despite a healthy boost during the stormy month of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is undeniable: the Sierra snowpack is a lot more robust than the previous winter’s, which was off-the-charts ugly. Around the first of May, water content (which is what really matters) of the snowpack stood at 60 percent of the long-term average. That’s not great news unless you compare it to May 1 of last year, when it was 1 percent. That’s not a typo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 1, when hydrologists generally reckon the snowpack to be at its peak for the season, it stood at 85 percent of the average for that date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring the most intense period of melting is running about two to three weeks earlier than normal, according to Nina Oakley, assistant research climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically the steepest declines are in late April to early May,” she says. But this year, Oakley says monthly average temperatures in the early spring were running 2 to 5 degrees above normal at the higher Sierra elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_679295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 939px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-679295 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604.png\" alt=\"This graph shows this year's snow melt (blue line) starting sooner than the long-term average (red).\" width=\"939\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604.png 939w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-400x196.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-800x391.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/SNOTEL_Squaw_1604-768x375.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This graph shows this year’s snow melt (blue line) starting sooner than the long-term average (red). \u003ccite>(Natural Resources Conservation Service/USDA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plus there’s a “snowball” effect, or what Oakley calls a “positive feedback,” in which some snow melt leads to more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as you start melting enough snow that you expose trees, rocks, soil underneath,” she explains, “these features are not reflective like the snow and so they’ll start to absorb solar energy and facilitate further snow melt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a big juggling act, frankly, to manage the water resource here’\u003ccite>Doug Carlson, DWR\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The good news is that a lot of this early melt is ending up in reservoirs. The bad news with an early melt is that as consumers start drawing down those reservoirs, there’s less runoff to replace it during the peak growing season, when it’s most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to capture every drop we can,” says Doug Carlson of the state’s Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big Northern California reservoirs are filling fast. The two biggest, Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville, are both at more than 90 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carlson concedes that significant \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/29/california-reservoirs-are-dumping-water-in-a-drought-but-science-could-change-that/\">volumes of water are let go\u003c/a> for flood control and to push back encroaching salt water and maintain river ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big juggling act, frankly, to manage the water resource here,” says Carlson. “We think we’re capturing a good deal of the snow melt right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An early melt can also have environmental impacts, especially on fish. If the cold water pulses come too early, lower flows and higher water temperatures later in the season can make it difficult or impossible for some species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study: Large Earthquake Long Overdue for California's Eastern Sierra",
"title": "Study: Large Earthquake Long Overdue for California's Eastern Sierra",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fIxSxVc6ORNbyig5LJtbk87yfSXMgbrV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Scott Sonner\u003cbr>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business",
"title": "Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>There are plenty of people who -- in order to pursue their passions -- have jobs on the side to support themselves. It’s pretty common to hear about a novelist who does PR, an actor waiting tables. But a rancher?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in the Sierra Valley, just 30 miles from the Nevada border, I meet such a person. Twenty-nine-year-old Annie Tipton is a new mom and an elementary school teacher, but this morning she’s on the back of a pickup truck with a couple dozen cows and calves following closely behind. She’s tossing hay onto the snowy ground below, feeding the cows her family raises for beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been one of my favorite things since I was a little kid,” she says. “You’re just giving them something they need, and you get to see the calves so happy, bouncing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Cindy Maddalena, is driving the truck, and Tipton's 5-month-old son is bundled up in a car seat in the cab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s interested in it,” Tipton says with a laugh. “He loves staring at the cows while we're driving. He’s going to be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797069\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797069 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pick-up.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-400x546.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-800x1092.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-768x1048.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1440x1965.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1180x1610.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-960x1310.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pickup. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s how she was raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would always sit on the bales and help my dad push them off,” she remembers. “And then we were on horses. I can't even remember when I didn't ride horses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cows munch on hay around us, mother and daughter look out over the valley, explaining that this cooing baby makes five generations of the Maddalena family living in this place rimmed by the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s peaceful. Very wide-open,” says Tipton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only an hour from Tahoe, so we’ve got a lot of the same climate,” explains Maddalena. “But there are no ski resorts over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because this is cattle country, and has been since Swiss-Italian immigrants built dairies here to sell milk and cheese to Gold Rush miners. Lots of their descendants still live and work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattling off a list of neighbors, Maddalena jokes, “Most of the names end with ‘i’ and ‘e.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that instead of dairy cows, now they raise all-natural Black Angus cows, which they sell at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always worked on ranch,” Maddalena says. “We gather cows, I fix fence, we pull calves. I do everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everything includes working jobs referred to as “off-ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our kids were smaller the cow prices were not good,” Maddalena remembers. “I started cleaning houses and I worked in the local dentist office for five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family really needed the extra income, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worked for some great people, but I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that when they could afford it, the family made further cutbacks in their budget, and she did return to the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maddalenas are typical: In nearly half of all farming and ranching families in California, at least one person who works on the ranch also has a separate full-time job. Nationally, the numbers are even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us are willing to not make a lot of money to keep our lifestyle and to keep families on the ranch. We all work together,” Maddalena says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10797076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-768x504.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1440x944.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing they all do is roping. The whole family has competed in team roping as a sport, but Annie Tipton says they practice on dummy cows -- basically, pieces of wood with heads and horns attached -- in the back yard for work around the ranch, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says only the last couple generations of women have been so hands-on with the outside work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I think back, my grandmas never roped or did that kind of stuff on the ranch. Now we all love to,” says Tipton. “When I was little, this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qh6ctuIfXR0oiqV2TdL4hxJhRyOO1lnm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipton never wanted to do anything else. After college and a desk job in the cattle industry, now she and her husband live on the ranch her parents own. Her husband is the muscle of the operation and Tipton works on the ranch every day, but her full-time job is across the valley, teaching elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do love teaching. I think I would miss it, but ideally -- if money were no object and benefits were no object -- I would be working on the ranch,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching provides some stability in an unpredictable business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean the market can fluctuate a week at a time or days at a time even,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has impacted water supply and the very grass the cows graze on. Consumer desires, even overseas trade agreements, can alter cattle prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be prepared,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797083 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg\" alt=\"Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law Joe Tipton work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-768x480.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1440x899.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law, Joe Tipton, work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning, mother and daughter and their husbands are working at their corral, along with neighbors who run a business transporting livestock in specially equipped trucks. Tipton’s mother and husband are on horseback, pushing select cows toward a chute, where her father guides them up a ramp into the truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cows are moving to warmer pastures near Oroville for winter. Most of them belong to her parents, but Tipton and her husband are slowly buying their own, in part because of her teaching income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband and I right now are working towards eventually, hopefully, owning the cattle when my parents are ready to retire,” Tipton says, taking over what they and generations before them built, and keeping this family ranch going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The series \u003ca href=\"www.californiafoodways.com\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported in part by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are plenty of people who -- in order to pursue their passions -- have jobs on the side to support themselves. It’s pretty common to hear about a novelist who does PR, an actor waiting tables. But a rancher?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in the Sierra Valley, just 30 miles from the Nevada border, I meet such a person. Twenty-nine-year-old Annie Tipton is a new mom and an elementary school teacher, but this morning she’s on the back of a pickup truck with a couple dozen cows and calves following closely behind. She’s tossing hay onto the snowy ground below, feeding the cows her family raises for beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been one of my favorite things since I was a little kid,” she says. “You’re just giving them something they need, and you get to see the calves so happy, bouncing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Cindy Maddalena, is driving the truck, and Tipton's 5-month-old son is bundled up in a car seat in the cab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s interested in it,” Tipton says with a laugh. “He loves staring at the cows while we're driving. He’s going to be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797069\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797069 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pick-up.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-400x546.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-800x1092.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-768x1048.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1440x1965.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1180x1610.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-960x1310.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pickup. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s how she was raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would always sit on the bales and help my dad push them off,” she remembers. “And then we were on horses. I can't even remember when I didn't ride horses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cows munch on hay around us, mother and daughter look out over the valley, explaining that this cooing baby makes five generations of the Maddalena family living in this place rimmed by the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s peaceful. Very wide-open,” says Tipton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only an hour from Tahoe, so we’ve got a lot of the same climate,” explains Maddalena. “But there are no ski resorts over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because this is cattle country, and has been since Swiss-Italian immigrants built dairies here to sell milk and cheese to Gold Rush miners. Lots of their descendants still live and work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattling off a list of neighbors, Maddalena jokes, “Most of the names end with ‘i’ and ‘e.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that instead of dairy cows, now they raise all-natural Black Angus cows, which they sell at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always worked on ranch,” Maddalena says. “We gather cows, I fix fence, we pull calves. I do everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everything includes working jobs referred to as “off-ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our kids were smaller the cow prices were not good,” Maddalena remembers. “I started cleaning houses and I worked in the local dentist office for five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family really needed the extra income, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worked for some great people, but I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that when they could afford it, the family made further cutbacks in their budget, and she did return to the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maddalenas are typical: In nearly half of all farming and ranching families in California, at least one person who works on the ranch also has a separate full-time job. Nationally, the numbers are even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us are willing to not make a lot of money to keep our lifestyle and to keep families on the ranch. We all work together,” Maddalena says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10797076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-768x504.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1440x944.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing they all do is roping. The whole family has competed in team roping as a sport, but Annie Tipton says they practice on dummy cows -- basically, pieces of wood with heads and horns attached -- in the back yard for work around the ranch, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says only the last couple generations of women have been so hands-on with the outside work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I think back, my grandmas never roped or did that kind of stuff on the ranch. Now we all love to,” says Tipton. “When I was little, this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipton never wanted to do anything else. After college and a desk job in the cattle industry, now she and her husband live on the ranch her parents own. Her husband is the muscle of the operation and Tipton works on the ranch every day, but her full-time job is across the valley, teaching elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do love teaching. I think I would miss it, but ideally -- if money were no object and benefits were no object -- I would be working on the ranch,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching provides some stability in an unpredictable business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean the market can fluctuate a week at a time or days at a time even,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has impacted water supply and the very grass the cows graze on. Consumer desires, even overseas trade agreements, can alter cattle prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be prepared,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797083 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg\" alt=\"Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law Joe Tipton work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-768x480.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1440x899.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law, Joe Tipton, work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning, mother and daughter and their husbands are working at their corral, along with neighbors who run a business transporting livestock in specially equipped trucks. Tipton’s mother and husband are on horseback, pushing select cows toward a chute, where her father guides them up a ramp into the truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cows are moving to warmer pastures near Oroville for winter. Most of them belong to her parents, but Tipton and her husband are slowly buying their own, in part because of her teaching income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband and I right now are working towards eventually, hopefully, owning the cattle when my parents are ready to retire,” Tipton says, taking over what they and generations before them built, and keeping this family ranch going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The series \u003ca href=\"www.californiafoodways.com\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported in part by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At least three ski resorts have opened early and several more will open this week after fresh powder blanketed parts of the Sierra on Monday following a winter-like storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boreal Mountain Resort was the first ski resort in Northern California to open for the season when lifts started running last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a long summer of preparations, we’re more ready than we have ever been to kick off the winter season,” said Boreal Mountain Resort Vice President Matt Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavenly Mountain Resort and Northstar California will kick off the ski season six days earlier than initially planned, with both Lake Tahoe ski resorts opening Saturday. Already, Mt. Rose Ski Tahoe and Mammoth Mountain are also operating lifts. Alpine Meadows opens Thursday and Squaw Valley Ski Resort will also be up and running Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a two-day wet system moving across California brought cool, wet weather to low-lying areas and snow to the mountains. The welcome moisture will not end the state’s four-year drought, but forecasters expect a strong El Niño winter to bring above-average precipitation to parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow in the mountains is also bringing business to the lowlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”c3O0dk3o1uv9EqTw2yVFJz1bj82FqMEp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Beyeler co-owns MountainWest ski shop in San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Thunder-lightning-rain-in-Bay-Area-and-snow-in-6619505.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that business was bustling over the weekend with skiers and boarders headed to the Sierra. Typically, the mountains and their ski resorts are barren before Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger resorts that are open have large snowmaking operations, but even the smaller resorts, such as China Peak Mountain Resort in Lakeshore, California, are optimistic about a good snow season. Tim Cohee, owner of China Peak, said Tuesday that they are inching toward opening the Saturday before Thanksgiving. They had more than a foot of snow last week and about 7 inches since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a lot better than it has been,” said Cohee. Last year, the Central California resort closed early for the season for lack of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years have been beyond anyone’s imagination for how bad it could be,” he added. “It’s already way better. It’s been such a rough ride for skiers and snowboarders that everyone in the state feels an obligation to open early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 27 resorts — and two in neighboring Nevada — make up the nation’s second-most-popular destination for skiers and snowboarders after Colorado, said Bob Roberts, executive director of the California Ski Industry Association.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At least three ski resorts have opened early and several more will open this week after fresh powder blanketed parts of the Sierra on Monday following a winter-like storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boreal Mountain Resort was the first ski resort in Northern California to open for the season when lifts started running last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a long summer of preparations, we’re more ready than we have ever been to kick off the winter season,” said Boreal Mountain Resort Vice President Matt Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavenly Mountain Resort and Northstar California will kick off the ski season six days earlier than initially planned, with both Lake Tahoe ski resorts opening Saturday. Already, Mt. Rose Ski Tahoe and Mammoth Mountain are also operating lifts. Alpine Meadows opens Thursday and Squaw Valley Ski Resort will also be up and running Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a two-day wet system moving across California brought cool, wet weather to low-lying areas and snow to the mountains. The welcome moisture will not end the state’s four-year drought, but forecasters expect a strong El Niño winter to bring above-average precipitation to parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow in the mountains is also bringing business to the lowlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Beyeler co-owns MountainWest ski shop in San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Thunder-lightning-rain-in-Bay-Area-and-snow-in-6619505.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that business was bustling over the weekend with skiers and boarders headed to the Sierra. Typically, the mountains and their ski resorts are barren before Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger resorts that are open have large snowmaking operations, but even the smaller resorts, such as China Peak Mountain Resort in Lakeshore, California, are optimistic about a good snow season. Tim Cohee, owner of China Peak, said Tuesday that they are inching toward opening the Saturday before Thanksgiving. They had more than a foot of snow last week and about 7 inches since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a lot better than it has been,” said Cohee. Last year, the Central California resort closed early for the season for lack of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years have been beyond anyone’s imagination for how bad it could be,” he added. “It’s already way better. It’s been such a rough ride for skiers and snowboarders that everyone in the state feels an obligation to open early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 27 resorts — and two in neighboring Nevada — make up the nation’s second-most-popular destination for skiers and snowboarders after Colorado, said Bob Roberts, executive director of the California Ski Industry Association.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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