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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, October 24, 10:15 a.m. to include more information on the initial crime.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night in 2009, in his hometown of Watsonville, California, Daniel Mendoza and his friends got into a fight with an older man. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20090804/NEWS/908049870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>, the group was accused of “chasing, then beating and stabbing” the victim. The victim ultimately died in what the publication called a “brutal gang killing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was only after the fact that I sat down in my room and just kind of couldn’t believe what I had done,” Mendoza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next was hard for the 14-year-old to understand. Instead of being tried in juvenile court, his case was sent to adult court by Santa Cruz County’s district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called direct file, and in November Californians are voting on whether to reform it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 17 measures on this year’s ballot is Proposition 57, consisting of two main sections:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section allows eligible nonviolent inmates to be considered for early release if they participate in educational programs and exercise good behavior while in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half of the proposition is aimed at reforming the practice of direct file — when a minor between the ages of 14 and 17 is transferred to adult court without a hearing in front of a judge, meaning the prosecutor is the one making the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates argue that direct file hinders due process. The decision to send a young person’s case to adult court is made privately by the county district attorney’s office. Those supporting reform say it would be more just to have a hearing in front of a judge where both the prosecution and defense can present their sides, and the judge would make the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of hearing is used in some circumstances, and if Proposition 57 passes, it would be required for all juvenile cases transferred to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 57 also say the impacts of sending a young person to adult court, rather than remaining in juvenile court, are huge: The youth will likely get a longer sentence, be more likely to commit another crime when released, and more likely to experience violence while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say direct file is reserved for only the most serious cases, which they believe would end up in adult court regardless. It can be a helpful tool that can save time and resources in an already bogged-down legal system. And in counties with limited rehabilitative options, district attorneys may feel direct file is the best way to keep the larger community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”RG5bEvcEOeFcAjodBOwpUK4RGErmajQw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza was a 14-year-old when his case was sent to adult court. There, the prosecutor proposed a sentence of 50 years to life in prison. But Mendoza’s lawyer fought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Mendoza was in Santa Cruz’s juvenile hall. There, slowly, he changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly, I was investing in my education,” he says. “I started not only to show up but do the work. One of the lead teachers got me to take college courses. Where I come from we don’t think about graduating high school, let alone going to college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He graduated from high school while in juvenile hall, and took more college courses. He built positive relationships with mentors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four and a half years in, while Mendoza’s trial was still going on, the teenager got a surprise: His case was bumped back to juvenile court, where he was convicted of first-degree murder as a juvenile. This meant his sentence would be a lot shorter than the 50 years he could have gotten in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, in part because he had changed so much while in juvenile hall, he was released a few months later, spending less than five years incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the trees, I saw grass,” he recalls. “Inside the institution there was no grass at all. My feet forgot what it was like to step on grass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Mendoza is 21 years old and a junior at University of California, Davis. He wants to work on policy reform in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what helped my situation is I was given rehabilitative services,” he says. “I was given school, programs, mentors. And that changed the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, October 24, 10:15 a.m. to include more information on the initial crime.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night in 2009, in his hometown of Watsonville, California, Daniel Mendoza and his friends got into a fight with an older man. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20090804/NEWS/908049870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>, the group was accused of “chasing, then beating and stabbing” the victim. The victim ultimately died in what the publication called a “brutal gang killing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was only after the fact that I sat down in my room and just kind of couldn’t believe what I had done,” Mendoza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next was hard for the 14-year-old to understand. Instead of being tried in juvenile court, his case was sent to adult court by Santa Cruz County’s district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called direct file, and in November Californians are voting on whether to reform it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 17 measures on this year’s ballot is Proposition 57, consisting of two main sections:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section allows eligible nonviolent inmates to be considered for early release if they participate in educational programs and exercise good behavior while in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half of the proposition is aimed at reforming the practice of direct file — when a minor between the ages of 14 and 17 is transferred to adult court without a hearing in front of a judge, meaning the prosecutor is the one making the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates argue that direct file hinders due process. The decision to send a young person’s case to adult court is made privately by the county district attorney’s office. Those supporting reform say it would be more just to have a hearing in front of a judge where both the prosecution and defense can present their sides, and the judge would make the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of hearing is used in some circumstances, and if Proposition 57 passes, it would be required for all juvenile cases transferred to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 57 also say the impacts of sending a young person to adult court, rather than remaining in juvenile court, are huge: The youth will likely get a longer sentence, be more likely to commit another crime when released, and more likely to experience violence while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say direct file is reserved for only the most serious cases, which they believe would end up in adult court regardless. It can be a helpful tool that can save time and resources in an already bogged-down legal system. And in counties with limited rehabilitative options, district attorneys may feel direct file is the best way to keep the larger community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza was a 14-year-old when his case was sent to adult court. There, the prosecutor proposed a sentence of 50 years to life in prison. But Mendoza’s lawyer fought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Mendoza was in Santa Cruz’s juvenile hall. There, slowly, he changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly, I was investing in my education,” he says. “I started not only to show up but do the work. One of the lead teachers got me to take college courses. Where I come from we don’t think about graduating high school, let alone going to college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He graduated from high school while in juvenile hall, and took more college courses. He built positive relationships with mentors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four and a half years in, while Mendoza’s trial was still going on, the teenager got a surprise: His case was bumped back to juvenile court, where he was convicted of first-degree murder as a juvenile. This meant his sentence would be a lot shorter than the 50 years he could have gotten in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, in part because he had changed so much while in juvenile hall, he was released a few months later, spending less than five years incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the trees, I saw grass,” he recalls. “Inside the institution there was no grass at all. My feet forgot what it was like to step on grass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Mendoza is 21 years old and a junior at University of California, Davis. He wants to work on policy reform in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what helped my situation is I was given rehabilitative services,” he says. “I was given school, programs, mentors. And that changed the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2000, Californians passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime measure that found success in the wake of heightened fears of a surge in youth crime in the 1990s. While that surge in crime didn’t come to pass, Proposition 21 had a big impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative allowed a district attorney — not a judge — to decide whether to send a young person between 14 and 17 years old to adult court. That practice is called direct file.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This November, Californians have the opportunity to eliminate direct file. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/proposition-57/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, if approved, would do away with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Is Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three ways to send juveniles to adult court instead of keeping them in the juvenile system. Two of them are direct file:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Discretionary direct file.\u003c/strong> A district attorney — not a judge — makes the decision to send a young person to adult court. This is for serious crimes, such as robbery, assault with a firearm and murder.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mandatory direct file.\u003c/strong> This is reserved for the most severe crimes, like rape with force. If a young person is charged with this type of crime, the case automatically goes to adult court.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Fitness hearings.\u003c/strong> A young person gets a hearing in front of a judge. A public defender — or private attorney, if hired — will represent the juvenile, and a district attorney will represent the state. The judge will make a decision as to whether the young person’s case will go to adult court or instead stay in juvenile court.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>Where Did Direct File Come From?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The current standards for direct file became a part of California law in 2000, when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime ballot initiative aimed at youth crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, adult and youth crime rates surged across the country. Academics and the media hypothesized that there was a new kind of kid out there — one who could commit crimes without remorse. They called this kid a superpredator and predicted there would be a rise in superpredators and their resulting crimes in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That theory has since been discredited, and the surge in crime never happened. Despite that, several states still passed laws to get tough on youth crime. Proposition 21 was California’s version.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Gets Direct Filed?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Youth between 14 and 17 can be direct filed if they commit certain crimes like murder, robbery, and assault with a firearm. The full list is in \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC§ionNum=707.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code, Section 707(b)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the Argument for Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Direct file is a helpful tool reserved for serious crimes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If they believe a young person can’t be rehabilitated in the amount of time they’d be sentenced to in juvenile court, or if they can’t be rehabilitated through the programs available in a certain county, that young person should go to adult court.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A fitness hearing takes months of preparation in an already bogged-down system. If DAs believe the young person will end up in adult court anyway, this is a waste of time and resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If a young person cannot be rehabilitated, they shouldn’t be in the community committing more crimes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>What’s the Argument Against Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates and public defenders say:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Prosecutors are making these decisions behind closed doors and don’t keep records. Those against direct file argue this is not due process.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 48 hours that DAs typically have to make a decision is not enough time to understand a child — their family background, their mental health, their traumas. They say a hearing in front of a judge would let more of this information out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Direct file is used differently across all 58 of California’s counties. \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Prosecution-of-Youth-as-Adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent report\u003c/a> shows that in 2014, you’d be 78 times more likely to be direct filed in Kings County — in the Central Valley — than in Los Angeles. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/do_politics_influence_the_prosecution_of_youth_as_adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent analysis\u003c/a> also shows that counties with Republican DAs use direct file at 2.4 times the rate of counties with Democratic DAs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-FsfGm\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FsfGm/1/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>There are racial disparities in the use of direct file. Researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.burnsinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W. Haywood Burns Institute\u003c/a> say that even after you adjust for the disproportionate number of youth of color in the judicial system, Latino and black youth who have committed felonies are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts. And the racial inequities have widened since direct file was introduced in 2000.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recent court cases have cited that a young person’s brain is developing into their mid-20s. Direct file does not give these young people a chance to learn from their, albeit serious, mistakes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>Why Does This Matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/182503.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research \u003c/a>shows that when young people go to adult prison they are more likely to be raped, commit suicide and get placed in solitary confinement. When they get out, they’re more likely to be violent and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/220595.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">return to prison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ZTM2axSBLeyWYOuUsVvw1A9MgJUD9CHE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these young people go to prison for years, there can be devastating effects on their family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where Is Direct File on the November Ballot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/text-proposed-laws.pdf#prop57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> is about direct file, and if the proposition passes, direct file — both mandatory and discretionary — can no longer be used in California. This means youth cases can still go to the adult criminal justice system, but the only way they would get there is through a fitness hearing where the judge makes such a determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing Proposition 57 would also change aspects of the fitness hearing:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Under current law, the presumption is that the defendant’s case will go to adult court unless the defendant can prove they are appropriate for juvenile court. If Proposition 57 passes, the presumption is that the defendant will stay in juvenile court unless the prosecutor proves that adult court is appropriate. This shifts the burden of proof from the defense to the prosecution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Under current law, the defendant must be found appropriate for juvenile court under five criteria. If they don’t meet one of these criteria, their case will go to adult court. If Proposition 57 passes, language in the proposition says the five criteria should just be “considered.” Even if the defendant doesn’t meet some criteria, the judge will look at the totality of circumstances when deciding whether the young person could still remain in juvenile court.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Explainer: Why and How Kids End Up in Adult Court",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2000, Californians passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime measure that found success in the wake of heightened fears of a surge in youth crime in the 1990s. While that surge in crime didn’t come to pass, Proposition 21 had a big impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative allowed a district attorney — not a judge — to decide whether to send a young person between 14 and 17 years old to adult court. That practice is called direct file.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This November, Californians have the opportunity to eliminate direct file. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/proposition-57/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, if approved, would do away with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Is Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three ways to send juveniles to adult court instead of keeping them in the juvenile system. Two of them are direct file:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Discretionary direct file.\u003c/strong> A district attorney — not a judge — makes the decision to send a young person to adult court. This is for serious crimes, such as robbery, assault with a firearm and murder.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mandatory direct file.\u003c/strong> This is reserved for the most severe crimes, like rape with force. If a young person is charged with this type of crime, the case automatically goes to adult court.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Fitness hearings.\u003c/strong> A young person gets a hearing in front of a judge. A public defender — or private attorney, if hired — will represent the juvenile, and a district attorney will represent the state. The judge will make a decision as to whether the young person’s case will go to adult court or instead stay in juvenile court.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>Where Did Direct File Come From?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The current standards for direct file became a part of California law in 2000, when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime ballot initiative aimed at youth crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, adult and youth crime rates surged across the country. Academics and the media hypothesized that there was a new kind of kid out there — one who could commit crimes without remorse. They called this kid a superpredator and predicted there would be a rise in superpredators and their resulting crimes in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That theory has since been discredited, and the surge in crime never happened. Despite that, several states still passed laws to get tough on youth crime. Proposition 21 was California’s version.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Gets Direct Filed?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Youth between 14 and 17 can be direct filed if they commit certain crimes like murder, robbery, and assault with a firearm. The full list is in \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC§ionNum=707.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code, Section 707(b)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the Argument for Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Direct file is a helpful tool reserved for serious crimes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If they believe a young person can’t be rehabilitated in the amount of time they’d be sentenced to in juvenile court, or if they can’t be rehabilitated through the programs available in a certain county, that young person should go to adult court.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A fitness hearing takes months of preparation in an already bogged-down system. If DAs believe the young person will end up in adult court anyway, this is a waste of time and resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If a young person cannot be rehabilitated, they shouldn’t be in the community committing more crimes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>What’s the Argument Against Direct File?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates and public defenders say:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Prosecutors are making these decisions behind closed doors and don’t keep records. Those against direct file argue this is not due process.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 48 hours that DAs typically have to make a decision is not enough time to understand a child — their family background, their mental health, their traumas. They say a hearing in front of a judge would let more of this information out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Direct file is used differently across all 58 of California’s counties. \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Prosecution-of-Youth-as-Adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent report\u003c/a> shows that in 2014, you’d be 78 times more likely to be direct filed in Kings County — in the Central Valley — than in Los Angeles. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/do_politics_influence_the_prosecution_of_youth_as_adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent analysis\u003c/a> also shows that counties with Republican DAs use direct file at 2.4 times the rate of counties with Democratic DAs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-FsfGm\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FsfGm/1/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cli>There are racial disparities in the use of direct file. Researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.burnsinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W. Haywood Burns Institute\u003c/a> say that even after you adjust for the disproportionate number of youth of color in the judicial system, Latino and black youth who have committed felonies are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts. And the racial inequities have widened since direct file was introduced in 2000.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recent court cases have cited that a young person’s brain is developing into their mid-20s. Direct file does not give these young people a chance to learn from their, albeit serious, mistakes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch2>Why Does This Matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/182503.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research \u003c/a>shows that when young people go to adult prison they are more likely to be raped, commit suicide and get placed in solitary confinement. When they get out, they’re more likely to be violent and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/220595.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">return to prison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these young people go to prison for years, there can be devastating effects on their family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where Is Direct File on the November Ballot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/text-proposed-laws.pdf#prop57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> is about direct file, and if the proposition passes, direct file — both mandatory and discretionary — can no longer be used in California. This means youth cases can still go to the adult criminal justice system, but the only way they would get there is through a fitness hearing where the judge makes such a determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing Proposition 57 would also change aspects of the fitness hearing:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Under current law, the presumption is that the defendant’s case will go to adult court unless the defendant can prove they are appropriate for juvenile court. If Proposition 57 passes, the presumption is that the defendant will stay in juvenile court unless the prosecutor proves that adult court is appropriate. This shifts the burden of proof from the defense to the prosecution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Under current law, the defendant must be found appropriate for juvenile court under five criteria. If they don’t meet one of these criteria, their case will go to adult court. If Proposition 57 passes, language in the proposition says the five criteria should just be “considered.” Even if the defendant doesn’t meet some criteria, the judge will look at the totality of circumstances when deciding whether the young person could still remain in juvenile court.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Frankie Guzman was 15 years old, he and a friend bought guns off the street, stole a car and drove to a liquor store. Pointing their weapons at the man behind the counter, they took $350 and fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were caught in their hometown of Oxnard, and tried in Ventura County. Guzman’s lawyer told him that the sentence would likely be light, maybe a year at a juvenile camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the 15-year sentence was handed down I heard my sister behind me screech and cry,” Guzman said. “I think that was when it hit me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman had no prior offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think a whole lot about it, I just felt,” he said. “And I felt demoralized. I felt defeated. And I felt worthless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286985680″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite getting a long sentence, Guzman’s case remained in the juvenile system. While he was there, he accessed educational programs, which later played a significant role in his life. He was also able to get out early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the criminal justice system there are two paths, depending on the age of the accused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The juvenile justice system is one that is designed for rehabilitation,” said Arthur Bowie, the supervising assistant public defender for Sacramento County. “Whereas the criminal justice system, its design and purpose is punishment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, Californians passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime ballot initiative aimed at young people. The proposition passed after a heightened fear of youth crime in the 1990s, perpetuated by the notion that a growing population of “superpredators” — remorseless young killers — would cause a surge in crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative allowed a district attorney, not a judge, to decide whether to send a young person, between 14 and 17, to adult court. The practice is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/explainer-why-and-how-kids-end-up-in-adult-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">direct file\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qkFUNygp1V1Iw5Glp3WnRirkJ39TQg8n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the November election, Californians will get the opportunity to review direct file, as this year’s Proposition 57 would eliminate the practice if passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pernicious part of direct file is there is no hearing,” said Barry Krisberg, a criminologist at UC Berkeley. “There is no evidence. There is no record. Somebody in the back office of a prosecutor’s office decides to try a youth as an adult, and there’s not too much that can be done about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a case instead has a hearing in front of a judge, both sides present evidence and that hearing can be reviewed and argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, nearly 500 young people between the ages of 14 and 17 were direct filed. That’s less than 1 percent of all juvenile arrests statewide, but the decision has serious consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”jk3P7DsEnMxB0NColbGjXWM9XCsG7Oas”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisberg said if a young person goes to the adult system, when they get out they’re more likely to return to prison, and more likely to be violent. And he said, “When you send a young person to an adult facility, they’re more likely to be raped, commit suicide, more likely to get into solitary confinement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, public defenders are looking out for their young clients, many of whom have grown up in challenging situations, while district attorneys are looking out for public safety and crime victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys like Paul Durenberger say direct file is a helpful tool reserved for serious crimes. The Sacramento prosecutor says the available rehabilitation programs aren’t good enough to actually change youth offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Used the right way, the direct file system helps public safety,” Durenberger said. “In some ways when you have a minor that’s going to end up in adult court anyway, and you’re talking about having a hearing sitting at juvenile hall not knowing what his future is for six months, eight months and sometimes even a year, I don’t see a benefit to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Latino and black youth are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But youth advocates take issue with the practice. For one, district attorneys typically have 48 hours to make a call about the young person, which opponents say isn’t enough time to understand that child — their family background, their mental health, their traumas. They say a hearing in front of a judge would let more of this information out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also racial disparities. Even after adjusting for the disproportionate number of youth of color arrested for serious felonies, Latino and black youth are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers of young people tried as adults increased dramatically” since 2000, according to Patricia Soung, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrensdefense.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Children’s Defense Fund\u003c/a>. “Latino and black youth are disproportionately tried as adults, and that disparity increased over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When talking about the issue, Barry Krisberg often returns to one question: “If it was your child, what would you want?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re much more likely to be sympathetic and to give second chances and to try treatment and rehabilitation to people who we think we understand,” he said. “But if they are defined as aliens or others, then we treat them very differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankie Guzman felt like he was seen as the “other” when handed down his sentence in the 1990s, but he’s still grateful direct file didn’t exist at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said, “Having all these opportunities to go to school, college, law school, have a career like a lawyer, is largely in part because I was able to be prosecuted as a juvenile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right — he’s a lawyer at the \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>. He says he got there because he had so many chances to make mistakes and learn from them. But with direct file, he says, you don’t get a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Frankie Guzman was 15 years old, he and a friend bought guns off the street, stole a car and drove to a liquor store. Pointing their weapons at the man behind the counter, they took $350 and fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were caught in their hometown of Oxnard, and tried in Ventura County. Guzman’s lawyer told him that the sentence would likely be light, maybe a year at a juvenile camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the 15-year sentence was handed down I heard my sister behind me screech and cry,” Guzman said. “I think that was when it hit me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman had no prior offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think a whole lot about it, I just felt,” he said. “And I felt demoralized. I felt defeated. And I felt worthless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286985680″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286985680″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite getting a long sentence, Guzman’s case remained in the juvenile system. While he was there, he accessed educational programs, which later played a significant role in his life. He was also able to get out early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the criminal justice system there are two paths, depending on the age of the accused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The juvenile justice system is one that is designed for rehabilitation,” said Arthur Bowie, the supervising assistant public defender for Sacramento County. “Whereas the criminal justice system, its design and purpose is punishment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, Californians passed \u003ca href=\"http://vigarchive.sos.ca.gov/2000/primary/propositions/21text.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 21\u003c/a>, a tough-on-crime ballot initiative aimed at young people. The proposition passed after a heightened fear of youth crime in the 1990s, perpetuated by the notion that a growing population of “superpredators” — remorseless young killers — would cause a surge in crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative allowed a district attorney, not a judge, to decide whether to send a young person, between 14 and 17, to adult court. The practice is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/explainer-why-and-how-kids-end-up-in-adult-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">direct file\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the November election, Californians will get the opportunity to review direct file, as this year’s Proposition 57 would eliminate the practice if passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pernicious part of direct file is there is no hearing,” said Barry Krisberg, a criminologist at UC Berkeley. “There is no evidence. There is no record. Somebody in the back office of a prosecutor’s office decides to try a youth as an adult, and there’s not too much that can be done about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a case instead has a hearing in front of a judge, both sides present evidence and that hearing can be reviewed and argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, nearly 500 young people between the ages of 14 and 17 were direct filed. That’s less than 1 percent of all juvenile arrests statewide, but the decision has serious consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisberg said if a young person goes to the adult system, when they get out they’re more likely to return to prison, and more likely to be violent. And he said, “When you send a young person to an adult facility, they’re more likely to be raped, commit suicide, more likely to get into solitary confinement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, public defenders are looking out for their young clients, many of whom have grown up in challenging situations, while district attorneys are looking out for public safety and crime victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys like Paul Durenberger say direct file is a helpful tool reserved for serious crimes. The Sacramento prosecutor says the available rehabilitation programs aren’t good enough to actually change youth offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Used the right way, the direct file system helps public safety,” Durenberger said. “In some ways when you have a minor that’s going to end up in adult court anyway, and you’re talking about having a hearing sitting at juvenile hall not knowing what his future is for six months, eight months and sometimes even a year, I don’t see a benefit to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Latino and black youth are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But youth advocates take issue with the practice. For one, district attorneys typically have 48 hours to make a call about the young person, which opponents say isn’t enough time to understand that child — their family background, their mental health, their traumas. They say a hearing in front of a judge would let more of this information out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also racial disparities. Even after adjusting for the disproportionate number of youth of color arrested for serious felonies, Latino and black youth are twice as likely to be direct filed as their white counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers of young people tried as adults increased dramatically” since 2000, according to Patricia Soung, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrensdefense.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Children’s Defense Fund\u003c/a>. “Latino and black youth are disproportionately tried as adults, and that disparity increased over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When talking about the issue, Barry Krisberg often returns to one question: “If it was your child, what would you want?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re much more likely to be sympathetic and to give second chances and to try treatment and rehabilitation to people who we think we understand,” he said. “But if they are defined as aliens or others, then we treat them very differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankie Guzman felt like he was seen as the “other” when handed down his sentence in the 1990s, but he’s still grateful direct file didn’t exist at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said, “Having all these opportunities to go to school, college, law school, have a career like a lawyer, is largely in part because I was able to be prosecuted as a juvenile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right — he’s a lawyer at the \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>. He says he got there because he had so many chances to make mistakes and learn from them. But with direct file, he says, you don’t get a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposition 57 - Public Safety\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis November, California voters will weigh in on a measure that would create additional opportunities for certain nonviolent offenders to be released from prison sooner. Backed by Gov. Jerry Brown, Prop. 57 would allow some prisoners to come up for parole consideration earlier than their original sentence allows and to earn credits for participating in rehabilitation programs. KQED producer Rachel Berger and reporter Marisa Lagos go inside San Quentin and talk to victim rights advocates about the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elections 2016\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED Senior Editor for California Politics and Government Scott Shafer joins Thuy Vu with a look at key state contests, from the U.S. Senate race to competing measures on the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more election coverage and KQED's Election Guide, check out \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/election\">elections.kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Courtroom Implicit Bias Training\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFrom recent police-involved shootings to this week's presidential debate, the term \"implicit bias\" has been getting a lot of attention. The question of bias extends into the courtroom, the Department of Justice has found. In July, the department announced a new program to train judges and prosecutors to recognize implicit bias and develop strategies to combat it. Judge Dana Leigh Marks, president of the National Association of Immigration Judges, joins Thuy Vu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming Up Next Week\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOct. 14, 2016: A conversation with Scott Wiener and Jane Kim, candidates for CA Senate District 11\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposition 57 - Public Safety\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis November, California voters will weigh in on a measure that would create additional opportunities for certain nonviolent offenders to be released from prison sooner. Backed by Gov. Jerry Brown, Prop. 57 would allow some prisoners to come up for parole consideration earlier than their original sentence allows and to earn credits for participating in rehabilitation programs. KQED producer Rachel Berger and reporter Marisa Lagos go inside San Quentin and talk to victim rights advocates about the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elections 2016\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED Senior Editor for California Politics and Government Scott Shafer joins Thuy Vu with a look at key state contests, from the U.S. Senate race to competing measures on the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more election coverage and KQED's Election Guide, check out \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/election\">elections.kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Courtroom Implicit Bias Training\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFrom recent police-involved shootings to this week's presidential debate, the term \"implicit bias\" has been getting a lot of attention. The question of bias extends into the courtroom, the Department of Justice has found. In July, the department announced a new program to train judges and prosecutors to recognize implicit bias and develop strategies to combat it. Judge Dana Leigh Marks, president of the National Association of Immigration Judges, joins Thuy Vu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming Up Next Week\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOct. 14, 2016: A conversation with Scott Wiener and Jane Kim, candidates for CA Senate District 11\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Jerry Brown Pushes Earlier Release of Felons Under Proposition 57",
"title": "Jerry Brown Pushes Earlier Release of Felons Under Proposition 57",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, Nov. 8:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/08/brown-early-parole-measure-passes-newsom-gun-control-initiative-leading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition 57 passed\u003c/a> with strong support from voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Friday, Oct. 7:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"http://trialsofmarvinmutch.org\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/1b.-Marvin-outside-CMF_CloseUp.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marvin Mutch went to prison at 19 for a murder he swears he didn't commit. He spent four decades striving to prove his innocence and win his freedom. But it would take a major shift in California's criminal justice system for Mutch to be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'\u003ca href=\"http://trialsofmarvinmutch.org\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/a>' investigates Mutch's conviction and chronicles his and the California Justice System's evolution over a lifetime in prison.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When Gov. Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill 42 in 1976, he said it would provide \"certain, clear punishment for crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure passed the Legislature with little controversy. It created a \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2883&context=facpubs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">determinate sentencing structure in California\u003c/a>, scrapping most open-ended prison terms and instead giving inmates a set release date. It was the first major shift toward a more prescribed approach to punishment in California, one that lawmakers and voters embraced wholeheartedly in the decades that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, 40 years later, Brown believes that signing the law was a mistake -- and he's asking voters to approve a measure that would move California back toward the system it abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/text-proposed-laws.pdf#prop57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> could allow many inmates to serve shorter prison terms than the ones handed down in court when they were sentenced -- if the state parole board judges them suitable for release. The governor believes the change will make prisons and the public safer by giving inmates an incentive to improve themselves while they are incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286577767\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California,\" he said, noting that nearly all inmates are eventually released from prison. \"We want to make sure when they get out, they've gone through a real program of education and rehabilitation and to make that happen, you can't force them, but you can incentivize them by the possibility of earlier parole.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nProsecutors disagree and are campaigning vociferously against Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It's dangerous for California.' \u003ccite>Sacramento DA Anne Marie Schubert\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Our hands will be tied,\" said Ventura County District Attorney Greg Totten. \"What a judge imposes will no longer be significant -- and state bureaucrats, who are not subject to elections, who are not accountable to the public, will be making decisions about who does and who does not get released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dangerous for California,\" added Sacramento County District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 42 and a 'Hog Wild' Legislature\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Brown signed the determinate sentencing law, criminal offenders were sentenced to broad, unspecified prison terms. A panel appointed by the governor, then called the Adult Authority, had immense discretion to decide how long an inmate should stayed locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system in place was supposed to allow the release of inmates when they were deemed rehabilitated and ready to re-enter society. But critics -- mostly civil liberties groups -- thought the policy gave too much power to the law enforcement-dominated Adult Authority and resulted in disproportionately long sentences for people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he listened to those critics when he decided to sign SB 42. As he signed the bill in 1976, he told reporters that \"the concept of rehabilitation is seriously changed in our law by allowing the concept of a determinate sentence for a crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeY-9y3IkVM&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He misjudged the law's impacts, Brown said recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought it would give certainty, it would be more focused, people would know what their punishment is, and that would act as a great deterrent,\" he said. \"Of course, I didn't really think about the fact that when you tell somebody they get out at this date, between then and the time they arrive in prison they have no incentive to take classes, to avoid the gangs, to really scrupulously follow the rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has spent much of his third and fourth terms as governor working to fix California's troubled prison system, which has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Judges-tell-state-to-free-thousands-of-inmates-3251503.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">been under federal court oversight for a decade\u003c/a> because conditions inside were ruled to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24scotus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">so crowded and chaotic they violated the Constitution's ban on cruel and unusual punishment\u003c/a>. Brown believes Proposition 57 may be the final major policy change needed to get the state out from under court control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown doesn't blame SB 42 alone for the prison overcrowding. Brown also lays responsibility at the feet of lawmakers and voters, who approved dozens of \"tough on crime\" sentencing laws in the years that followed. Chief among those laws are \"criminal enhancements\" -- additional time tacked on to prison sentences because of an offender's criminal history or the nature of their crime. For example, a five-year sentence could grow to 20 years if the offender is a member of a gang or had a gun in their possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First the Legislature goes hog wild -- I'd say criminal legislation on steroids for 30 years,\" the governor said. \"And then at the end of that the Supreme Court says prison conditions are terrible, it's overcrowded, people are committing suicide, they have unconstitutional medical care, you've got to take out thousands and thousands of people from prison,\" he said. \"We want to do that in a rational way, and that's what Proposition 57 attempts to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert fears dangerous criminals will be released under Proposition 57. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert fears dangerous criminals will be released under Proposition 57.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 wouldn't do away with sentence enhancements, but it would let the state's parole board decide to release an inmate before he or she serves the time tacked on by enhancements -- if an offender is deemed ready to leave prison. That provision would apply only to inmates serving crimes considered nonviolent under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown estimates it would apply to around 1,100 inmates a year; prosecutors say the number is closer to 16,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor notes that inmates are already being released under this process -- in 2014, a federal court ordered the state to start releasing some prisoners after they served their primary sentence, excluding enhancements. The ballot measure would expand that pool of prisoners to anyone convicted of a \"nonviolent\" crime under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one of the major problems with Proposition 57, said Schubert, the Sacramento County district attorney. She said the definition of violent crimes in the measure, which includes murder, rape, robbery and kidnapping \u003ca href=\"http://www.stop57.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">but not offenses like assault with a deadly weapon, sexual battery or hostage-taking\u003c/a>, is too narrow and that potentially dangerous felons could qualify for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-800x1079.jpg\" alt=\"Proposition 57 opponents made these playing cards of inmates they say could be released if the ballot measure passes. Below, you can hear Governor Brown's response in a voicemail he left for Fresno Sheriff Margaret Mims \" width=\"800\" height=\"1079\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-800x1079.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-400x539.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-1180x1591.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-960x1295.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposition 57 opponents made these playing cards of inmates they say could be released if the ballot measure passes. \u003ccite>(Marisa Lagos/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"When I go out to the community and I say, 'How many people in this room think domestic violence is a violent crime?' They all raise their hands. 'How many people think assault with a deadly weapon is a violent crime?' They all raise their hands,\" she said. \"Those are all nonviolent under the penal code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown calls those claims a \"complete red herring,\" noting that some of the state's most notorious inmates -- including Charles Manson -- were convicted before the determinate-sentencing law and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/11/justice/california-charles-manson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">could be paroled today\u003c/a>. He said the list of violent crimes was created by a ballot measure supported by the District Attorneys Association and that prosecutors have wide discretion when they file charges against defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286449972\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most important, Brown argued, the parole board will take into account the facts of each case and the offender's behavior while in prison when weighing whether to release them -- which is why Manson remains behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parole commissioners making these judgments now will have a better sense of what serves public safety than a court did years or decades ago, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm just saying that what they decide on the day of sentencing, that is not all perfect. It's not omniscient, and over time -- five, eight, 10, 15, 20 years -- why not have a group of wise people saying, 'You know what? I think this inmate's ready for release'?\" he said. \"I want the parole board to look into the eyes of that parolee, listen where it's appropriate to the victims or the district attorney, and make an informed judgment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schubert is worried the parole board won't have a chance to look in the eyes of an inmate or hear from victims and prosecutors directly. She said many of the inmates approved for early release in recent years because of the federal court order never saw a parole commissioner -- their files were reviewed by deputy commissioners, who made a decision without ever talking to the inmate, prosecutors or victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing in the governor's initiative that says it's a parole board\" reviewing the cases, Schubert said. \"What we already know from the governor's early releases is that it's not a hearing, it's a letter. We get to write a letter. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he understands that concern and will work to address it if Proposition 57 passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's something to be decided and maybe we'll take the more serious inmates and maybe put them through live parole,\" he said. \"I understand if it's just administrative, on paper, that's different than, as I said, looking into their eyes. ... I'll try to get the best, safest, most humanly effective process as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Cleansing the Augean Stables'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second provision of Proposition 57 could have even wider-ranging implications. It would allow the state prisons department to revamp the system for awarding \"good time credits\" to inmates who participate in programs such as drug rehabilitation or schooling. Currently, there's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/partners/documents/Credits_Memo.pdf\">patchwork of laws and regulations\u003c/a> governing the credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I challenge you to find in California someone that can explain perfectly the credit system. I don't think they exist,\" Brown said. \"You can get credit 15 percent of the time a third of the time, 20 percent of the time, half the time, day for day -- but it keeps changing. You can get this much credit for this crime, but then in 1990 it was this, in 1995 it was that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said Proposition 57 would \"cleanse the \u003ca href=\"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/stables.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Augean stables\u003c/a>\" and allow the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to develop a new system through a public regulatory process that would include prosecutors, defense attorneys, law enforcement and any other member of the public who wants to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The hardest days for me in here are this: When a guy that has committed a murder and he goes home, doing less time than me. ... I've never physically put my hands on anybody. I've caused harm. I've hurt people. Not 50 years' worth.' \u003ccite>San Quentin Prison inmate Curtis Roberts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Curtis Roberts is one of the inmates barred from earning credits -- even though he's participated in programs during his entire 22 years in state prison. He's the type of prisoner supporters of Proposition 57 cite when arguing that California's criminal justice system has become too rigid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's serving a 50-year-to-life sentence for stealing $40 out of a cash register and burglarizing his in-laws' vacation cabin. In an interview at San Quentin Prison, Roberts said he was addicted to cocaine at the time and committed the crimes to feed his drug habit. He pleaded guilty, he said, to avoid dragging his now ex-wife through a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roberts was sentenced in 1995, less than a year after California voters approved the state's \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/20142.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three Strikes Law\u003c/a>, which required a 25-year-to-life sentence for anyone convicted of a third felony. Roberts had previous robbery convictions and received two 25-to-life sentences for his 1995 convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's not eligible for parole until 2044. He'd be 82 years old by then and says the sentence sometimes overwhelms him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118984\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118984\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Crystal fears her abuser could be released from prison early under Proposition 57. Here, she looks at photos of her injuries from abuse.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crystal fears her abuser could be released from prison early under Proposition 57. Here, she looks at photos of her injuries from abuse. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I wanted to commit suicide. It's 50 years,\" he said. \"The hardest days for me in here are this: When a guy that has committed a murder and he goes home, doing less time than me. I internalize that and it's very, very difficult for me. I've never shot a gun. I've never physically put my hands on anybody. I've caused harm. I've hurt people. Not 50 years' worth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters passed Three Strikes in the aftermath of 12-year-old Polly Klaas' kidnapping and murder in Sonoma County. The law aimed to guarantee long sentences for repeat criminals like her killer, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_Davis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Richard Allen Davis\u003c/a>, who had been in and out of prison all his life. But the law has also snared many lesser offenders, including drug addicts like Roberts. He's not eligible for a revision to Three Strikes approved by voters in 2012 because his felonies are considered serious and violent even though no one was physically harmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They sentenced me as if I was Richard Allen Davis and that I killed Polly Klaas,\" Roberts said. \"That was the sentence they gave me. But that is not true. I am not Richard Allen Davis. I did not kill Polly Klaas. I didn't molest nobody. The purpose from this point on is punishment for Curtis. Punishment,\" Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 opponents, however, worry that inmates won't be truly rehabilitated because the prisons department won't have the necessary resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need meaningful rehabilitation,\" said Schubert. \"I am all for someone earning their way out prison, I am all for them having hope they can get out of prison ... (but) you have to have true rehabilitation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he plans to put more money into prison programs. And Amador County's chief probation officer, Mark Bonini, says even with the incentive of early release, some inmates won't choose to participate. Bonini heads the Chief Probation Officers of California, which has endorsed Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because it's there doesn't mean offenders will take advantage,\" Bonini said. \"You could still have somebody, if Prop. 57 passes, do same amount of time,\" he said. \"It's just a matter of trying to incentivize them to take advantage of programs, because ultimately if they do and you have it set up and it's funded, you will have a better product on the back side when they (are released).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonini said his group endorsed the measure because probation chiefs believe it will be easier for offenders to \"seamlessly\" re-enter society if they already are getting help in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Victim's Mixed Feelings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims of violent crimes and those with loved ones in prison have mixed feelings about changing the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crystal, who didn't want her last name used for this story, is one of those people. She is a domestic violence survivor who said she was dumbstruck when Schubert's office told her they believe her abuser could be released before his full 25-year sentence under Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That man, James Coker, was convicted of a harrowing series of assaults on Crystal and other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118971\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 665px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11118971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut.jpg\" alt=\"James Coker is serving a 25 year sentence for abusing his former girlfriend, but prosecutors fear he could be released under Proposition 57.\" width=\"665\" height=\"836\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut.jpg 665w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut-400x503.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Coker is serving a 25-year sentence for abusing his former girlfriend, but prosecutors fear he could be released under Proposition 57. \u003ccite>(CDCR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He's hit me with baseball bats, burned my face with lighters and torches, put cigarettes out in my mouth. I just can't even recall some of the stuff he's done. He's broken one of the mason glass jar things over my head where the bottom of it was sticking out of my head,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Crystal also has a brother in prison who could benefit from Proposition 57. She says she knows many people -- including Coker -- who would have been better served by more effective rehabilitation programs behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'At 82 years old, what am I going to get out to, or for? I believe better of society. I believe better of you. You wouldn't let this happen. I believe better.' \u003ccite>San Quentin inmate Curtis Roberts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At San Quentin, Roberts dreams of getting out and reconnecting with his daughter, who was 5 when he went to prison. He said he has to balance his hope with the reality of his sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have worked very, very hard on myself to correct some of the past behaviors, my drug use. I haven't used for 22 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand in my mind, 50 years. I'm 54 years old, so that means I'll be 82, so that means really I'll never get out. At 82 years old, what am I going to get out to, or for? I believe better of society. I believe better of you. You wouldn't let this happen. I believe better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our California Counts collaboration with four California public media organizations to cover the 2016 election. The partners include \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED in San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/\">Capital Public Radio in Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS in San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, Nov. 8:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/08/brown-early-parole-measure-passes-newsom-gun-control-initiative-leading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition 57 passed\u003c/a> with strong support from voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Friday, Oct. 7:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"http://trialsofmarvinmutch.org\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/1b.-Marvin-outside-CMF_CloseUp.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marvin Mutch went to prison at 19 for a murder he swears he didn't commit. He spent four decades striving to prove his innocence and win his freedom. But it would take a major shift in California's criminal justice system for Mutch to be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'\u003ca href=\"http://trialsofmarvinmutch.org\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/a>' investigates Mutch's conviction and chronicles his and the California Justice System's evolution over a lifetime in prison.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When Gov. Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill 42 in 1976, he said it would provide \"certain, clear punishment for crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure passed the Legislature with little controversy. It created a \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2883&context=facpubs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">determinate sentencing structure in California\u003c/a>, scrapping most open-ended prison terms and instead giving inmates a set release date. It was the first major shift toward a more prescribed approach to punishment in California, one that lawmakers and voters embraced wholeheartedly in the decades that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, 40 years later, Brown believes that signing the law was a mistake -- and he's asking voters to approve a measure that would move California back toward the system it abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/text-proposed-laws.pdf#prop57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> could allow many inmates to serve shorter prison terms than the ones handed down in court when they were sentenced -- if the state parole board judges them suitable for release. The governor believes the change will make prisons and the public safer by giving inmates an incentive to improve themselves while they are incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286577767&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286577767'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California,\" he said, noting that nearly all inmates are eventually released from prison. \"We want to make sure when they get out, they've gone through a real program of education and rehabilitation and to make that happen, you can't force them, but you can incentivize them by the possibility of earlier parole.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nProsecutors disagree and are campaigning vociferously against Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It's dangerous for California.' \u003ccite>Sacramento DA Anne Marie Schubert\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Our hands will be tied,\" said Ventura County District Attorney Greg Totten. \"What a judge imposes will no longer be significant -- and state bureaucrats, who are not subject to elections, who are not accountable to the public, will be making decisions about who does and who does not get released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dangerous for California,\" added Sacramento County District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 42 and a 'Hog Wild' Legislature\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Brown signed the determinate sentencing law, criminal offenders were sentenced to broad, unspecified prison terms. A panel appointed by the governor, then called the Adult Authority, had immense discretion to decide how long an inmate should stayed locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system in place was supposed to allow the release of inmates when they were deemed rehabilitated and ready to re-enter society. But critics -- mostly civil liberties groups -- thought the policy gave too much power to the law enforcement-dominated Adult Authority and resulted in disproportionately long sentences for people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he listened to those critics when he decided to sign SB 42. As he signed the bill in 1976, he told reporters that \"the concept of rehabilitation is seriously changed in our law by allowing the concept of a determinate sentence for a crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MeY-9y3IkVM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MeY-9y3IkVM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He misjudged the law's impacts, Brown said recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought it would give certainty, it would be more focused, people would know what their punishment is, and that would act as a great deterrent,\" he said. \"Of course, I didn't really think about the fact that when you tell somebody they get out at this date, between then and the time they arrive in prison they have no incentive to take classes, to avoid the gangs, to really scrupulously follow the rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has spent much of his third and fourth terms as governor working to fix California's troubled prison system, which has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Judges-tell-state-to-free-thousands-of-inmates-3251503.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">been under federal court oversight for a decade\u003c/a> because conditions inside were ruled to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24scotus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">so crowded and chaotic they violated the Constitution's ban on cruel and unusual punishment\u003c/a>. Brown believes Proposition 57 may be the final major policy change needed to get the state out from under court control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown doesn't blame SB 42 alone for the prison overcrowding. Brown also lays responsibility at the feet of lawmakers and voters, who approved dozens of \"tough on crime\" sentencing laws in the years that followed. Chief among those laws are \"criminal enhancements\" -- additional time tacked on to prison sentences because of an offender's criminal history or the nature of their crime. For example, a five-year sentence could grow to 20 years if the offender is a member of a gang or had a gun in their possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First the Legislature goes hog wild -- I'd say criminal legislation on steroids for 30 years,\" the governor said. \"And then at the end of that the Supreme Court says prison conditions are terrible, it's overcrowded, people are committing suicide, they have unconstitutional medical care, you've got to take out thousands and thousands of people from prison,\" he said. \"We want to do that in a rational way, and that's what Proposition 57 attempts to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert fears dangerous criminals will be released under Proposition 57. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21370_Schubert-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert fears dangerous criminals will be released under Proposition 57.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 wouldn't do away with sentence enhancements, but it would let the state's parole board decide to release an inmate before he or she serves the time tacked on by enhancements -- if an offender is deemed ready to leave prison. That provision would apply only to inmates serving crimes considered nonviolent under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown estimates it would apply to around 1,100 inmates a year; prosecutors say the number is closer to 16,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor notes that inmates are already being released under this process -- in 2014, a federal court ordered the state to start releasing some prisoners after they served their primary sentence, excluding enhancements. The ballot measure would expand that pool of prisoners to anyone convicted of a \"nonviolent\" crime under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one of the major problems with Proposition 57, said Schubert, the Sacramento County district attorney. She said the definition of violent crimes in the measure, which includes murder, rape, robbery and kidnapping \u003ca href=\"http://www.stop57.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">but not offenses like assault with a deadly weapon, sexual battery or hostage-taking\u003c/a>, is too narrow and that potentially dangerous felons could qualify for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-800x1079.jpg\" alt=\"Proposition 57 opponents made these playing cards of inmates they say could be released if the ballot measure passes. Below, you can hear Governor Brown's response in a voicemail he left for Fresno Sheriff Margaret Mims \" width=\"800\" height=\"1079\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-800x1079.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-400x539.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-1180x1591.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21364_FullSizeRender-qut-960x1295.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposition 57 opponents made these playing cards of inmates they say could be released if the ballot measure passes. \u003ccite>(Marisa Lagos/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"When I go out to the community and I say, 'How many people in this room think domestic violence is a violent crime?' They all raise their hands. 'How many people think assault with a deadly weapon is a violent crime?' They all raise their hands,\" she said. \"Those are all nonviolent under the penal code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown calls those claims a \"complete red herring,\" noting that some of the state's most notorious inmates -- including Charles Manson -- were convicted before the determinate-sentencing law and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/11/justice/california-charles-manson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">could be paroled today\u003c/a>. He said the list of violent crimes was created by a ballot measure supported by the District Attorneys Association and that prosecutors have wide discretion when they file charges against defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286449972&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286449972'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most important, Brown argued, the parole board will take into account the facts of each case and the offender's behavior while in prison when weighing whether to release them -- which is why Manson remains behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parole commissioners making these judgments now will have a better sense of what serves public safety than a court did years or decades ago, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm just saying that what they decide on the day of sentencing, that is not all perfect. It's not omniscient, and over time -- five, eight, 10, 15, 20 years -- why not have a group of wise people saying, 'You know what? I think this inmate's ready for release'?\" he said. \"I want the parole board to look into the eyes of that parolee, listen where it's appropriate to the victims or the district attorney, and make an informed judgment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schubert is worried the parole board won't have a chance to look in the eyes of an inmate or hear from victims and prosecutors directly. She said many of the inmates approved for early release in recent years because of the federal court order never saw a parole commissioner -- their files were reviewed by deputy commissioners, who made a decision without ever talking to the inmate, prosecutors or victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing in the governor's initiative that says it's a parole board\" reviewing the cases, Schubert said. \"What we already know from the governor's early releases is that it's not a hearing, it's a letter. We get to write a letter. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he understands that concern and will work to address it if Proposition 57 passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's something to be decided and maybe we'll take the more serious inmates and maybe put them through live parole,\" he said. \"I understand if it's just administrative, on paper, that's different than, as I said, looking into their eyes. ... I'll try to get the best, safest, most humanly effective process as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Cleansing the Augean Stables'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second provision of Proposition 57 could have even wider-ranging implications. It would allow the state prisons department to revamp the system for awarding \"good time credits\" to inmates who participate in programs such as drug rehabilitation or schooling. Currently, there's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/partners/documents/Credits_Memo.pdf\">patchwork of laws and regulations\u003c/a> governing the credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I challenge you to find in California someone that can explain perfectly the credit system. I don't think they exist,\" Brown said. \"You can get credit 15 percent of the time a third of the time, 20 percent of the time, half the time, day for day -- but it keeps changing. You can get this much credit for this crime, but then in 1990 it was this, in 1995 it was that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said Proposition 57 would \"cleanse the \u003ca href=\"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/stables.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Augean stables\u003c/a>\" and allow the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to develop a new system through a public regulatory process that would include prosecutors, defense attorneys, law enforcement and any other member of the public who wants to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The hardest days for me in here are this: When a guy that has committed a murder and he goes home, doing less time than me. ... I've never physically put my hands on anybody. I've caused harm. I've hurt people. Not 50 years' worth.' \u003ccite>San Quentin Prison inmate Curtis Roberts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Curtis Roberts is one of the inmates barred from earning credits -- even though he's participated in programs during his entire 22 years in state prison. He's the type of prisoner supporters of Proposition 57 cite when arguing that California's criminal justice system has become too rigid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's serving a 50-year-to-life sentence for stealing $40 out of a cash register and burglarizing his in-laws' vacation cabin. In an interview at San Quentin Prison, Roberts said he was addicted to cocaine at the time and committed the crimes to feed his drug habit. He pleaded guilty, he said, to avoid dragging his now ex-wife through a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roberts was sentenced in 1995, less than a year after California voters approved the state's \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/20142.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three Strikes Law\u003c/a>, which required a 25-year-to-life sentence for anyone convicted of a third felony. Roberts had previous robbery convictions and received two 25-to-life sentences for his 1995 convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's not eligible for parole until 2044. He'd be 82 years old by then and says the sentence sometimes overwhelms him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118984\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11118984\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Crystal fears her abuser could be released from prison early under Proposition 57. Here, she looks at photos of her injuries from abuse.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21368_Crystal-qut-1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crystal fears her abuser could be released from prison early under Proposition 57. Here, she looks at photos of her injuries from abuse. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I wanted to commit suicide. It's 50 years,\" he said. \"The hardest days for me in here are this: When a guy that has committed a murder and he goes home, doing less time than me. I internalize that and it's very, very difficult for me. I've never shot a gun. I've never physically put my hands on anybody. I've caused harm. I've hurt people. Not 50 years' worth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters passed Three Strikes in the aftermath of 12-year-old Polly Klaas' kidnapping and murder in Sonoma County. The law aimed to guarantee long sentences for repeat criminals like her killer, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_Davis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Richard Allen Davis\u003c/a>, who had been in and out of prison all his life. But the law has also snared many lesser offenders, including drug addicts like Roberts. He's not eligible for a revision to Three Strikes approved by voters in 2012 because his felonies are considered serious and violent even though no one was physically harmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They sentenced me as if I was Richard Allen Davis and that I killed Polly Klaas,\" Roberts said. \"That was the sentence they gave me. But that is not true. I am not Richard Allen Davis. I did not kill Polly Klaas. I didn't molest nobody. The purpose from this point on is punishment for Curtis. Punishment,\" Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 opponents, however, worry that inmates won't be truly rehabilitated because the prisons department won't have the necessary resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need meaningful rehabilitation,\" said Schubert. \"I am all for someone earning their way out prison, I am all for them having hope they can get out of prison ... (but) you have to have true rehabilitation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he plans to put more money into prison programs. And Amador County's chief probation officer, Mark Bonini, says even with the incentive of early release, some inmates won't choose to participate. Bonini heads the Chief Probation Officers of California, which has endorsed Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because it's there doesn't mean offenders will take advantage,\" Bonini said. \"You could still have somebody, if Prop. 57 passes, do same amount of time,\" he said. \"It's just a matter of trying to incentivize them to take advantage of programs, because ultimately if they do and you have it set up and it's funded, you will have a better product on the back side when they (are released).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonini said his group endorsed the measure because probation chiefs believe it will be easier for offenders to \"seamlessly\" re-enter society if they already are getting help in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Victim's Mixed Feelings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims of violent crimes and those with loved ones in prison have mixed feelings about changing the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crystal, who didn't want her last name used for this story, is one of those people. She is a domestic violence survivor who said she was dumbstruck when Schubert's office told her they believe her abuser could be released before his full 25-year sentence under Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That man, James Coker, was convicted of a harrowing series of assaults on Crystal and other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11118971\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 665px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11118971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut.jpg\" alt=\"James Coker is serving a 25 year sentence for abusing his former girlfriend, but prosecutors fear he could be released under Proposition 57.\" width=\"665\" height=\"836\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut.jpg 665w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21369_Coker-Booking-Photo-qut-400x503.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Coker is serving a 25-year sentence for abusing his former girlfriend, but prosecutors fear he could be released under Proposition 57. \u003ccite>(CDCR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He's hit me with baseball bats, burned my face with lighters and torches, put cigarettes out in my mouth. I just can't even recall some of the stuff he's done. He's broken one of the mason glass jar things over my head where the bottom of it was sticking out of my head,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Crystal also has a brother in prison who could benefit from Proposition 57. She says she knows many people -- including Coker -- who would have been better served by more effective rehabilitation programs behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'At 82 years old, what am I going to get out to, or for? I believe better of society. I believe better of you. You wouldn't let this happen. I believe better.' \u003ccite>San Quentin inmate Curtis Roberts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At San Quentin, Roberts dreams of getting out and reconnecting with his daughter, who was 5 when he went to prison. He said he has to balance his hope with the reality of his sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have worked very, very hard on myself to correct some of the past behaviors, my drug use. I haven't used for 22 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand in my mind, 50 years. I'm 54 years old, so that means I'll be 82, so that means really I'll never get out. At 82 years old, what am I going to get out to, or for? I believe better of society. I believe better of you. You wouldn't let this happen. I believe better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our California Counts collaboration with four California public media organizations to cover the 2016 election. The partners include \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED in San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/\">Capital Public Radio in Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS in San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "WATCH: Senate Candidates Harris, Sanchez Meet in Final Debate",
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"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Tonight's U.S. Senate debate in Los Angeles is the last chance to see Attorney General Kamala Harris and Orange County congresswoman Loretta Sanchez face off against each other before the election. In a race in which a large percentage of the state's voters \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/11078463/kamala-who-some-voters-say-u-s-senate-race-isnt-even-on-their-radar\" target=\"_blank\">remains undecided\u003c/a>, the debate may help voters choose which of the two Democrats is best suited to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"nMidKA8jr96tzhOghQ8ZwW4s3WknusVN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is presented by the Pat Brown Institute for Public Affairs at Cal State L.A., ABC7 and the League of Women Voters of California Education Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, Sanchez \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/10/05/65360/moving-further-to-the-right-sanchez-accuses-harris/\" target=\"_blank\">announced her opposition\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/measure/2020/info/proposition-57\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, the summary of which was written by Harris. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure is Gov. Jerry Brown’s effort to fix what he sees as problems created when inmates have no incentive to improve themselves. It also aims to reduce crowding in state prisons, which have been under federal court oversight for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris previously announced she wouldn't be taking a position on any ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tonight's U.S. Senate debate in Los Angeles is the last chance to see Attorney General Kamala Harris and Orange County congresswoman Loretta Sanchez face off against each other before the election. In a race in which a large percentage of the state's voters \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/11078463/kamala-who-some-voters-say-u-s-senate-race-isnt-even-on-their-radar\" target=\"_blank\">remains undecided\u003c/a>, the debate may help voters choose which of the two Democrats is best suited to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is presented by the Pat Brown Institute for Public Affairs at Cal State L.A., ABC7 and the League of Women Voters of California Education Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, Sanchez \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/10/05/65360/moving-further-to-the-right-sanchez-accuses-harris/\" target=\"_blank\">announced her opposition\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/measure/2020/info/proposition-57\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, the summary of which was written by Harris. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure is Gov. Jerry Brown’s effort to fix what he sees as problems created when inmates have no incentive to improve themselves. It also aims to reduce crowding in state prisons, which have been under federal court oversight for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris previously announced she wouldn't be taking a position on any ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Jerry Brown OKs Sex Crime Bill Tied to Stanford Rape Case",
"title": "Jerry Brown OKs Sex Crime Bill Tied to Stanford Rape Case",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said Friday that he signed two bills that emerged amid national outrage over the six-month jail sentence given to a former Stanford University swimmer who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">sexually assaulted\u003c/a> a woman passed out near a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor approved requiring sentences to be served in state prison for defendants convicted of assaulting unconscious victims instead of the jail sentence like the one Brock Turner received in June and served in a county jail before\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\"> obtaining early release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case burst into the spotlight after a poignant statement from the victim swept through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and law enforcement officials have lined up alongside sexual assault survivors to criticize Turner's sentence, back a recall effort against the judge and urge Brown to sign the tougher sentencing legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old one-time Olympic hopeful was released from the Santa Clara County jail in September after serving three months for good behavior. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio for crimes that carried a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said in a signing message that he usually opposes adding more mandatory minimum sentences. But he said he signed the sentencing bill \"because I believe it brings a measure of parity to sentencing for criminal acts that are substantially similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside jail after Turner's release, county Sheriff Laurie Smith said she believed his sentence was too light and urged Brown to sign the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Letting felons convicted of such crimes get off with probation discourages other survivors from coming forward and sends the message that raping incapacitated victims is no big deal,\" Democratic Assemblyman Bill Dodd of Napa said in a statement after lawmakers approved his bill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than two dozen groups dedicated to ending campus sexual assaults urged Brown to veto it, fearing that the punishment would more likely be applied to minority and lower-income defendants than white offenders like Turner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahroh Jahangiri, executive director of Know Your IX, a national organization representing survivors, said mandatory minimum sentences also could deter victims from pressing charges against their attackers, who are often people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pyiwJr3rN5Yn4B2kFRA3KmgcL5ucM7dP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also signed another bill permitting sexual assault victims to say in court that they were raped, even if the attack doesn't meet the technical definition under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law defines rape as non-consensual intercourse between a man and a woman, leaving out other forms of sexual assault, including Turner's 2015 attack on the woman he met at a fraternity party. He was convicted of three sexual assault felonies, including digital penetration of an unconscious woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rape definition that came under fire in the Turner case leaves Brown in an awkward position as he promotes a November ballot initiative that would allow earlier release of prisoners as a way to control overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 would allow earlier parole consideration for nonviolent inmates, but the legal definition of a violent felony includes just 23 crimes, such as murder, kidnapping and forcible rapes and sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's crimes were considered nonviolent under California law because he assaulted an intoxicated or unconscious person who could not resist, so he didn't have to use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sexual assaults are a violent offense. There is no such thing as a nonviolent sexual assault,\" said Stanford law professor Michele Dauber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber is a friend of the woman Turner assaulted and is leading a campaign to recall Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky for departing from the usual minimum sentence in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed without a dissenting vote, though Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens scaled back her initial proposal to expand the definition of rape. Prosecutors were concerned the original version would prevent them from filing multiple charges against perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual penetration without consent is rape. It is never invited, wanted or warranted. Rape is rape, period,\" Garcia said in statement. \"When we fail to call rape 'rape, we rob survivors and their families of the justice they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said Friday that he signed two bills that emerged amid national outrage over the six-month jail sentence given to a former Stanford University swimmer who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">sexually assaulted\u003c/a> a woman passed out near a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor approved requiring sentences to be served in state prison for defendants convicted of assaulting unconscious victims instead of the jail sentence like the one Brock Turner received in June and served in a county jail before\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\"> obtaining early release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case burst into the spotlight after a poignant statement from the victim swept through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and law enforcement officials have lined up alongside sexual assault survivors to criticize Turner's sentence, back a recall effort against the judge and urge Brown to sign the tougher sentencing legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old one-time Olympic hopeful was released from the Santa Clara County jail in September after serving three months for good behavior. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio for crimes that carried a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said in a signing message that he usually opposes adding more mandatory minimum sentences. But he said he signed the sentencing bill \"because I believe it brings a measure of parity to sentencing for criminal acts that are substantially similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside jail after Turner's release, county Sheriff Laurie Smith said she believed his sentence was too light and urged Brown to sign the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Letting felons convicted of such crimes get off with probation discourages other survivors from coming forward and sends the message that raping incapacitated victims is no big deal,\" Democratic Assemblyman Bill Dodd of Napa said in a statement after lawmakers approved his bill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than two dozen groups dedicated to ending campus sexual assaults urged Brown to veto it, fearing that the punishment would more likely be applied to minority and lower-income defendants than white offenders like Turner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahroh Jahangiri, executive director of Know Your IX, a national organization representing survivors, said mandatory minimum sentences also could deter victims from pressing charges against their attackers, who are often people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also signed another bill permitting sexual assault victims to say in court that they were raped, even if the attack doesn't meet the technical definition under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law defines rape as non-consensual intercourse between a man and a woman, leaving out other forms of sexual assault, including Turner's 2015 attack on the woman he met at a fraternity party. He was convicted of three sexual assault felonies, including digital penetration of an unconscious woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rape definition that came under fire in the Turner case leaves Brown in an awkward position as he promotes a November ballot initiative that would allow earlier release of prisoners as a way to control overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 would allow earlier parole consideration for nonviolent inmates, but the legal definition of a violent felony includes just 23 crimes, such as murder, kidnapping and forcible rapes and sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's crimes were considered nonviolent under California law because he assaulted an intoxicated or unconscious person who could not resist, so he didn't have to use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sexual assaults are a violent offense. There is no such thing as a nonviolent sexual assault,\" said Stanford law professor Michele Dauber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber is a friend of the woman Turner assaulted and is leading a campaign to recall Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky for departing from the usual minimum sentence in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed without a dissenting vote, though Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens scaled back her initial proposal to expand the definition of rape. Prosecutors were concerned the original version would prevent them from filing multiple charges against perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual penetration without consent is rape. It is never invited, wanted or warranted. Rape is rape, period,\" Garcia said in statement. \"When we fail to call rape 'rape, we rob survivors and their families of the justice they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Brown Sees Proposition 57 as Key to Ending Court's Oversight of Prisons",
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"content": "\u003cp>Forty years ago, when Jerry Brown was first governor, he signed a law that dramatically changed the way California sentenced criminal offenders. Previously, under the indeterminate sentencing law, many inmates received inconclusive sentences instead of a fixed term. It was up to a parole board to decide when an inmate was ready to re-enter society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law signed by Brown in 1976, the state shifted to a determinate sentencing structure -- and in the years following, lawmakers and voters piled on dozens more laws that added years to prisoners' terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think, if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California.'\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Four decades later, California is under a court order to reduce its prison population because of severe overcrowding that led to inhumane conditions. Since returning to the governor's office five years ago, Brown has made reducing that population one of his main priorities and has instated a number of major criminal justice policy shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the governor thinks he has the final piece of the puzzle: Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure by Brown will make it easier for many felons to get paroled from state prison. It will appear before voters Nov. 8 -- and much of the campaign for the initiative has focused on encouraging inmates to better themselves by giving them an incentive to participate in rehabilitative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent exclusive interview with KQED News, Brown said the ballot measure is also a way to finally get out of the decade-long court oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why we're here,\" he said, calling Proposition 57 a \"rational\" way to reduce the prison population while maintaining public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure will let inmates earn more “good-time” credits for participating in programs and allow people convicted of crimes considered nonviolent under state law to go before the parole board before serving their entire sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors oppose Proposition 57, saying it’s vague and could lead to the release of dangerous criminals. Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert said many crimes that are violent are considered nonviolent under state law, and that allowing people to be released early violates a compact the state made with victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might have a guy that gets sentenced by a judge and after having heard from a defense attorney and a DA and a victim and the defendant, and the judge says, 'Mr. Jones, I sentence you to 25 years. That's based upon the crimes. It's based upon these enhancements. It's based upon your prior convictions for violent crimes. You have 25 years,' \" she said. \"Now, the victim who had the courage and fortitude to come into a courtroom and testify, say on a domestic violence case -- poof. That's all gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vxiZoXnHhCj8B1qd1Ik8jskE2lPYYBo5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called the measure \"very dangerous for California\" and \"disgraceful for victims of crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown argued the ballot measure’s provisions are a natural extension of actions the court has already ordered the state to undertake. Currently, many people in prison under the state's three-strikes law are being paroled early under a process similar to what Proposition 57 proposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Eighty percent of what Proposition 57 does is being done right now under the force of a court order. It is backed up by the United States Supreme Court and which we cannot change unless they say our remedy, in this case Proposition 57, is durable and serves the end of justice,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the changes must be combined with rehabilitative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Education, junior college programs, drug treatment, more intensive mental health,\" he said. \"All these things that will take people -- many have been abused as children, neglected, starting narcotics when they are 10 or 12, and are turning their lives around with some professional help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor says inmates will be more inclined to participate in those programs if they have the opportunity to leave prison sooner -- and that society will be safer if they leave prison rehabilitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think, if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration with four public media organizations in California to cover the 2016 election. This includes \u003ca href=\"http://kpcc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED in San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Capital Public Radio in Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPBS in San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forty years ago, when Jerry Brown was first governor, he signed a law that dramatically changed the way California sentenced criminal offenders. Previously, under the indeterminate sentencing law, many inmates received inconclusive sentences instead of a fixed term. It was up to a parole board to decide when an inmate was ready to re-enter society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law signed by Brown in 1976, the state shifted to a determinate sentencing structure -- and in the years following, lawmakers and voters piled on dozens more laws that added years to prisoners' terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think, if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California.'\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Four decades later, California is under a court order to reduce its prison population because of severe overcrowding that led to inhumane conditions. Since returning to the governor's office five years ago, Brown has made reducing that population one of his main priorities and has instated a number of major criminal justice policy shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the governor thinks he has the final piece of the puzzle: Proposition 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure by Brown will make it easier for many felons to get paroled from state prison. It will appear before voters Nov. 8 -- and much of the campaign for the initiative has focused on encouraging inmates to better themselves by giving them an incentive to participate in rehabilitative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent exclusive interview with KQED News, Brown said the ballot measure is also a way to finally get out of the decade-long court oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why we're here,\" he said, calling Proposition 57 a \"rational\" way to reduce the prison population while maintaining public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure will let inmates earn more “good-time” credits for participating in programs and allow people convicted of crimes considered nonviolent under state law to go before the parole board before serving their entire sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors oppose Proposition 57, saying it’s vague and could lead to the release of dangerous criminals. Sacramento District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert said many crimes that are violent are considered nonviolent under state law, and that allowing people to be released early violates a compact the state made with victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might have a guy that gets sentenced by a judge and after having heard from a defense attorney and a DA and a victim and the defendant, and the judge says, 'Mr. Jones, I sentence you to 25 years. That's based upon the crimes. It's based upon these enhancements. It's based upon your prior convictions for violent crimes. You have 25 years,' \" she said. \"Now, the victim who had the courage and fortitude to come into a courtroom and testify, say on a domestic violence case -- poof. That's all gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called the measure \"very dangerous for California\" and \"disgraceful for victims of crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown argued the ballot measure’s provisions are a natural extension of actions the court has already ordered the state to undertake. Currently, many people in prison under the state's three-strikes law are being paroled early under a process similar to what Proposition 57 proposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Eighty percent of what Proposition 57 does is being done right now under the force of a court order. It is backed up by the United States Supreme Court and which we cannot change unless they say our remedy, in this case Proposition 57, is durable and serves the end of justice,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the changes must be combined with rehabilitative programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Education, junior college programs, drug treatment, more intensive mental health,\" he said. \"All these things that will take people -- many have been abused as children, neglected, starting narcotics when they are 10 or 12, and are turning their lives around with some professional help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor says inmates will be more inclined to participate in those programs if they have the opportunity to leave prison sooner -- and that society will be safer if they leave prison rehabilitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think, if anything, this is the greatest step we could take for public safety in California,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration with four public media organizations in California to cover the 2016 election. This includes \u003ca href=\"http://kpcc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC in Los Angeles\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED in San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Capital Public Radio in Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPBS in San Diego\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Secretary of State’s Office has certified the final list of statewide measures that have qualified for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with several big bond and tax questions, voters will get to decide the future of the death penalty, a collection of tough new gun laws, and whether they really like a yet-to-be-enacted statewide ban on plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start studying now, you might be ready come Election Day. It’s just 130 days away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0098%20%28Firearms%29_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gun Control\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a package of \u003ca href=\"http://safetyforall.com/\">gun control measures\u003c/a> backed by Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom. Among its provisions is a ban on large-capacity ammunition magazines. It would also require background checks for ammunition purchases. State lawmakers have passed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/30/california-legislature-passes-a-dozen-new-gun-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a similar package\u003c/a> of laws but neither Newsom nor Senate leader Kevin de León, who pushed the bills in the Legislature, would drop their effort and support the other.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0081%20%28Tobacco%20Tax%20V3%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cigarette Tax\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This would place a $2 per pack tax on cigarettes. The money would be used for health care programs as well as tobacco use prevention and control programs. The cigarette tax currently stands at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/05/16/move-to-triple-californias-tobacco-tax-appears-headed-to-ballot/\">87 cents per pack\u003c/a>. The increased tax would also apply to electronic cigarettes and other products containing nicotine. The measure comes after the California Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown raised the state’s smoking age to 21.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0115%20%28Temporary%20Tax%20Increase%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 30 Tax Extension\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>If approved, this measure would extend the income tax portion of the Prop. 30 tax increase for another 12 years. It would apply to anyone making more than $250,000 a year. Brown, who campaigned fiercely for Prop. 30 to help bail out the state from a series of huge deficits, has not endorsed the extension.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0121%20%28Prison%20Sentence%20Reform%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Sentences\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Measure sponsored by Brown aims to cut the state prison population by giving inmates a chance for earlier parole and allowing judges, instead of prosecutors, to decide whether a minor should be tried as an adult. The initiative faced a court challenge from the California District Attorneys Association, which said Brown improperly amended an existing initiative to get this on the ballot. However, the California Supreme Court ultimately ruled in Brown’s favor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/14-0011%20%28Referendum%20of%20SB%20270%29.pdf??\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Plastic Bag Ban Referendum\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: In 2014, Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18742\">signed\u003c/a> the nation’s first statewide ban on single-use plastic bags. The governor touted the ban as a way to stop “the torrent of plastic polluting our beaches, parks and even the vast ocean itself.” But the ban never went into effect, as plastic bag manufacturers were able to gather enough signatures a few months later to force a referendum.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0074%20%28Carryout%20Bag%20Fees%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carry-Out Bag Revenue\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This measure, backed by the same plastic bag manufacturers who qualified the referendum, would go into effect only if the referendum campaign is defeated and the plastic bag ban is upheld. It would direct money that stores collect from selling paper bags into a special state fund for environmental projects. Proponents say they’re just giving voters a chance to direct paper bag proceeds to “worthy environmental causes.” Critics say the plastic bag makers are trying to force grocers, who support the plastic bag ban, to spend money to defeat this measure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0103%20%28Marijuana%29_1.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recreational Pot\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>If approved, California would become the fifth state (after Colorado, Oregon, Alaska and Washington) to legalize the recreational use of marijuana for adults 21 and over. Proponents include Newsom and former Facebook president Sean Parker.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/13-0022%20%2813-0022%20%28Hospital%20Fees%29%29.pdfhttps://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/13-0022%20%2813-0022%20%28Hospital%20Fees%29%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medi-Cal Hospital Reimbursement\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Currently, private California hospitals pay a fee into a state Medi-Cal fund, which is used to bring in matching federal dollars for the state health program. In return, the hospitals receive a reimbursement for Medi-Cal services. The fund is set to expire at the end of the year; this measure would make it permanent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0003%20%28Bond-funded%20Projects%20V2%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Vote on Bonds\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This measure has the potential to spark a number of statewide ballot battles in the near future. The initiative, backed by wealthy San Joaquin Valley farmer/agribusinessman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/dan-morain/article36624108.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dean Cortopassi\u003c/a>, would require a statewide vote on any project requiring $2 billion or more in revenue bonds. What might that include? Brown’s two “legacy” projects: a high-speed rail system and the proposed twin-tunnel water project in the Delta.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Multilingual_Education_Act_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multilingual Education\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Placed on the ballot by Democratic lawmakers, this measure would repeal Proposition 227, the 1998 initiative (backed by Ron Unz) that ended bilingual education in the state.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0005%20%28Education%20Bond%20Act%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">School Bond\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong> After a similar effort fell short in 2014, school districts and developers have qualified a $9 billion bond to fund school construction. Brown is opposed to the measure, which he called “a blunderbuss effort.” He has argued that the current bond system gives an advantage to large districts that are able to quickly complete first-come-first-serve funding applications.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0004%20%28Safer%20Sex%29_8.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Condoms in Adult Films\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Proposal would require actors in adult movies made in California to wear condoms while filming sex scenes. Earlier this year, California’s Divison of Occupational Safety and Health \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/02/17/california-porn-industry-protests-rules-mandating-condoms/\">rejected proposed regulations\u003c/a> that would have mandated condom use.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0009%20%28Prescription%20Drug%20Costs%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prescription Drug Pricing\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Sponsored by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, the same group behind the condom measure, this measure would cap the amount the state can be charged for the prescription drugs it purchases for Medi-Cal beneficiaries, retirees and prison inmates. The pharmaceutical industry is strongly opposed, arguing the measure will limit drug choices for patients.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0066%20%28Death%20Penalty%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death Penalty Repeal\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Proponents of eliminating California’s death penalty (and replacing it with a max sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole) are hoping for a different result than in 2012, when voters defeated another repeal measure, \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2012/general/pdf/34-title-summ-analysis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 34\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/14/faster-executions-or-none-at-all-california-voters-may-choose\">California has executed 15 inmates\u003c/a> since its current capital punishment law took effect in 1978, and its current system of carrying out death sentences is the target of multiple legal challenges.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0096%20%28Death%20Penalty%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expedite Death Penalty\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>A group led by former NFL player Kermit Alexander wants to take a completely different approach to reforming California’s death penalty process. The initiative would limit inmate appeals, which in some cases can drag on for decades.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0083%20%28Legislature%20Transparency%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Transparency\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Backed by wealthy GOP donor Charles T. Munger Jr., this effort would require bills be in print for 72 hours before a vote. It would also mandate that video recordings of all legislative proceedings be posted online. A late attempt by a group of state senators to place their own version of this measure on the November ballot fell short.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citizens United\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/04/court-greenlights-citizens-united-ballot-question\">path to the ballot\u003c/a> for this advisory measure was arguably more interesting than the measure itself. Voters will be asked whether they support legislators using the little power they have to overturn the U.S. Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision, which struck down limits on independent campaign expenditures by corporations and unions. To get on the ballot, the advisory question had to survive a challenge in the state Supreme Court over whether such advisory measures should be allowed on the ballot.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Secretary of State’s Office has certified the final list of statewide measures that have qualified for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with several big bond and tax questions, voters will get to decide the future of the death penalty, a collection of tough new gun laws, and whether they really like a yet-to-be-enacted statewide ban on plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start studying now, you might be ready come Election Day. It’s just 130 days away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0098%20%28Firearms%29_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gun Control\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a package of \u003ca href=\"http://safetyforall.com/\">gun control measures\u003c/a> backed by Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom. Among its provisions is a ban on large-capacity ammunition magazines. It would also require background checks for ammunition purchases. State lawmakers have passed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/30/california-legislature-passes-a-dozen-new-gun-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a similar package\u003c/a> of laws but neither Newsom nor Senate leader Kevin de León, who pushed the bills in the Legislature, would drop their effort and support the other.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0081%20%28Tobacco%20Tax%20V3%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cigarette Tax\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This would place a $2 per pack tax on cigarettes. The money would be used for health care programs as well as tobacco use prevention and control programs. The cigarette tax currently stands at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/05/16/move-to-triple-californias-tobacco-tax-appears-headed-to-ballot/\">87 cents per pack\u003c/a>. The increased tax would also apply to electronic cigarettes and other products containing nicotine. The measure comes after the California Legislature and Gov. Jerry Brown raised the state’s smoking age to 21.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0115%20%28Temporary%20Tax%20Increase%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 30 Tax Extension\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>If approved, this measure would extend the income tax portion of the Prop. 30 tax increase for another 12 years. It would apply to anyone making more than $250,000 a year. Brown, who campaigned fiercely for Prop. 30 to help bail out the state from a series of huge deficits, has not endorsed the extension.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0121%20%28Prison%20Sentence%20Reform%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Sentences\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Measure sponsored by Brown aims to cut the state prison population by giving inmates a chance for earlier parole and allowing judges, instead of prosecutors, to decide whether a minor should be tried as an adult. The initiative faced a court challenge from the California District Attorneys Association, which said Brown improperly amended an existing initiative to get this on the ballot. However, the California Supreme Court ultimately ruled in Brown’s favor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/14-0011%20%28Referendum%20of%20SB%20270%29.pdf??\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Plastic Bag Ban Referendum\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: In 2014, Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18742\">signed\u003c/a> the nation’s first statewide ban on single-use plastic bags. The governor touted the ban as a way to stop “the torrent of plastic polluting our beaches, parks and even the vast ocean itself.” But the ban never went into effect, as plastic bag manufacturers were able to gather enough signatures a few months later to force a referendum.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0074%20%28Carryout%20Bag%20Fees%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carry-Out Bag Revenue\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This measure, backed by the same plastic bag manufacturers who qualified the referendum, would go into effect only if the referendum campaign is defeated and the plastic bag ban is upheld. It would direct money that stores collect from selling paper bags into a special state fund for environmental projects. Proponents say they’re just giving voters a chance to direct paper bag proceeds to “worthy environmental causes.” Critics say the plastic bag makers are trying to force grocers, who support the plastic bag ban, to spend money to defeat this measure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0103%20%28Marijuana%29_1.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recreational Pot\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>If approved, California would become the fifth state (after Colorado, Oregon, Alaska and Washington) to legalize the recreational use of marijuana for adults 21 and over. Proponents include Newsom and former Facebook president Sean Parker.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/13-0022%20%2813-0022%20%28Hospital%20Fees%29%29.pdfhttps://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/13-0022%20%2813-0022%20%28Hospital%20Fees%29%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medi-Cal Hospital Reimbursement\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Currently, private California hospitals pay a fee into a state Medi-Cal fund, which is used to bring in matching federal dollars for the state health program. In return, the hospitals receive a reimbursement for Medi-Cal services. The fund is set to expire at the end of the year; this measure would make it permanent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0003%20%28Bond-funded%20Projects%20V2%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Vote on Bonds\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This measure has the potential to spark a number of statewide ballot battles in the near future. The initiative, backed by wealthy San Joaquin Valley farmer/agribusinessman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/dan-morain/article36624108.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dean Cortopassi\u003c/a>, would require a statewide vote on any project requiring $2 billion or more in revenue bonds. What might that include? Brown’s two “legacy” projects: a high-speed rail system and the proposed twin-tunnel water project in the Delta.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Multilingual_Education_Act_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multilingual Education\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Placed on the ballot by Democratic lawmakers, this measure would repeal Proposition 227, the 1998 initiative (backed by Ron Unz) that ended bilingual education in the state.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0005%20%28Education%20Bond%20Act%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">School Bond\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong> After a similar effort fell short in 2014, school districts and developers have qualified a $9 billion bond to fund school construction. Brown is opposed to the measure, which he called “a blunderbuss effort.” He has argued that the current bond system gives an advantage to large districts that are able to quickly complete first-come-first-serve funding applications.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0004%20%28Safer%20Sex%29_8.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Condoms in Adult Films\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Proposal would require actors in adult movies made in California to wear condoms while filming sex scenes. Earlier this year, California’s Divison of Occupational Safety and Health \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/02/17/california-porn-industry-protests-rules-mandating-condoms/\">rejected proposed regulations\u003c/a> that would have mandated condom use.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0009%20%28Prescription%20Drug%20Costs%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prescription Drug Pricing\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Sponsored by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, the same group behind the condom measure, this measure would cap the amount the state can be charged for the prescription drugs it purchases for Medi-Cal beneficiaries, retirees and prison inmates. The pharmaceutical industry is strongly opposed, arguing the measure will limit drug choices for patients.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0066%20%28Death%20Penalty%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death Penalty Repeal\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Proponents of eliminating California’s death penalty (and replacing it with a max sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole) are hoping for a different result than in 2012, when voters defeated another repeal measure, \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2012/general/pdf/34-title-summ-analysis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 34\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/14/faster-executions-or-none-at-all-california-voters-may-choose\">California has executed 15 inmates\u003c/a> since its current capital punishment law took effect in 1978, and its current system of carrying out death sentences is the target of multiple legal challenges.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0096%20%28Death%20Penalty%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Expedite Death Penalty\u003c/a>: \u003c/strong>A group led by former NFL player Kermit Alexander wants to take a completely different approach to reforming California’s death penalty process. The initiative would limit inmate appeals, which in some cases can drag on for decades.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0083%20%28Legislature%20Transparency%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Transparency\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Backed by wealthy GOP donor Charles T. Munger Jr., this effort would require bills be in print for 72 hours before a vote. It would also mandate that video recordings of all legislative proceedings be posted online. A late attempt by a group of state senators to place their own version of this measure on the November ballot fell short.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citizens United\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/04/court-greenlights-citizens-united-ballot-question\">path to the ballot\u003c/a> for this advisory measure was arguably more interesting than the measure itself. Voters will be asked whether they support legislators using the little power they have to overturn the U.S. Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision, which struck down limits on independent campaign expenditures by corporations and unions. To get on the ballot, the advisory question had to survive a challenge in the state Supreme Court over whether such advisory measures should be allowed on the ballot.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "State's Prosecutors Oppose Gov. Brown's Proposal on Sentencing Reform",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown enlisted a platoon of law enforcement leaders -- including San Diego District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis -- to join him when he \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/Brown-Rolls-Out-Sentencing-Reform-Ballot-Measure\" target=\"_blank\">rolled out a ballot measure last month that could let thousands of state prisoners serve shorter sentences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those individual voices apparently did not portend a ringing endorsement from other prosecutors across the state: On Thursday, the California District Attorneys Association's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdaa.org/about-us/board-of-directors\" target=\"_blank\">17-member board of directors\u003c/a> voted to oppose the initiative, with just one member abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDAA represents the state's 58 district attorneys and is a political force in Sacramento. The group's opposition to Brown's ballot proposal may explain in part why he choose to go to the ballot instead of going through the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear yet what the group's opposition means for the initiative's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It still has to qualify,\" for the November ballot, said Sean Hoffman, the association's lobbyist. \"So at this point, the extent of our opposition remains to be seen. There are a lot of unknowns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor hit back at the vote, saying in an interview with KQED News that prosecutors are essentially arguing they know what will be best for public safety decades in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The proposition of the DA’s is, 'We know on the day we charge or on the day a judge sentences – we know everything that can occur, we know all we need to know for the next 10, 20 50 years,' \" Brown said. \"I’m saying, 'You might have had some good ideas back then, but over time men and women change.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\"Those changes should be accommodated so we can open the cells for new people who are even more dangerous. And the idea that we’re going to build more prisons to accommodate this mindless appetite for endless incarceration -- isn’t going to happen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a spokesman, Brown also charged that the district attorneys' group has a \"\u003cspan class=\"s1\">long record of opposing sensible criminal justice reforms, and their opposition here is no exception.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown wants voters to approve some major changes to both California's juvenile justice system and to the way people sentenced to state prison for nonviolent crimes are treated. The proposals are largely aimed at cutting California's prison population, which the state has been under federal court order to reduce since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many offenders receive both an underlying sentence for the crime they are being charged with and have additional years tacked on by \"enhancements\" -- for example, if there are multiple victims, if they had previously served time in prison or if they were in possession of a gun when the crime was committed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor's initiative, the state's parole board would be able to consider adult offenders for parole after they serve their entire initial sentences but before they serve time tacked on by sentencing enhancements. The head of the state prison system would also have more power to award prisoners credits that could shorten their prison terms if they behave well and participate in rehabilitation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the proposed ballot measure would make a major change to the state’s juvenile justice system by allowing judges instead of prosecutors to decide whether a minor should be charged as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman said the prosecutors have several objections to the governor's proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they are unhappy that Brown took an existing ballot measure solely aimed at making changes to the juvenile system -- a proposal that had already been through a public comment period -- and amended it to include the more sweeping sentencing reforms. That meant there was not an opportunity for prosecutors and others to weigh in, Hoffman said, and potentially convince the governor to make some tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is more of a process issue, but they feel like the governor, by amending an initiative that had already been through 30-day public comment period, cut the lines (of communication),\" Hoffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDAA board members are also worried that the measure gives the head of the prison system too much control over issuing \"good-time\" credits, trumping past laws passed by both the Legislature and voters that mandated when criminals had to serve a certain percentage of their sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps most important, Hoffman said, the parole eligibility changes undercut \"40 years' worth of sentencing law,\" handing enormous power to a body he said prosecutors do not trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman used the example of two people in prison for human trafficking. Both might have a 12-year underlying sentence, but the person convicted of trafficking one person might have four years added on as an enhancement, while the person convicted of trafficking six people would have 24 years added on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sentence isn't going to reflect the gravity of the offense,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman said the district attorneys also have questions about who will be considered a \"nonviolent\" offender under the ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of criminal justice reform had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/is-sentencing-reform-on-horizon\" target=\"_blank\">hoped the governor would wade into the fray this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> \u003cem>KQED California Politics and Government Desk Senior Editor Scott Shafter contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown enlisted a platoon of law enforcement leaders -- including San Diego District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis -- to join him when he \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/Brown-Rolls-Out-Sentencing-Reform-Ballot-Measure\" target=\"_blank\">rolled out a ballot measure last month that could let thousands of state prisoners serve shorter sentences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those individual voices apparently did not portend a ringing endorsement from other prosecutors across the state: On Thursday, the California District Attorneys Association's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdaa.org/about-us/board-of-directors\" target=\"_blank\">17-member board of directors\u003c/a> voted to oppose the initiative, with just one member abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDAA represents the state's 58 district attorneys and is a political force in Sacramento. The group's opposition to Brown's ballot proposal may explain in part why he choose to go to the ballot instead of going through the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear yet what the group's opposition means for the initiative's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It still has to qualify,\" for the November ballot, said Sean Hoffman, the association's lobbyist. \"So at this point, the extent of our opposition remains to be seen. There are a lot of unknowns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor hit back at the vote, saying in an interview with KQED News that prosecutors are essentially arguing they know what will be best for public safety decades in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The proposition of the DA’s is, 'We know on the day we charge or on the day a judge sentences – we know everything that can occur, we know all we need to know for the next 10, 20 50 years,' \" Brown said. \"I’m saying, 'You might have had some good ideas back then, but over time men and women change.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\"Those changes should be accommodated so we can open the cells for new people who are even more dangerous. And the idea that we’re going to build more prisons to accommodate this mindless appetite for endless incarceration -- isn’t going to happen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a spokesman, Brown also charged that the district attorneys' group has a \"\u003cspan class=\"s1\">long record of opposing sensible criminal justice reforms, and their opposition here is no exception.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown wants voters to approve some major changes to both California's juvenile justice system and to the way people sentenced to state prison for nonviolent crimes are treated. The proposals are largely aimed at cutting California's prison population, which the state has been under federal court order to reduce since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many offenders receive both an underlying sentence for the crime they are being charged with and have additional years tacked on by \"enhancements\" -- for example, if there are multiple victims, if they had previously served time in prison or if they were in possession of a gun when the crime was committed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor's initiative, the state's parole board would be able to consider adult offenders for parole after they serve their entire initial sentences but before they serve time tacked on by sentencing enhancements. The head of the state prison system would also have more power to award prisoners credits that could shorten their prison terms if they behave well and participate in rehabilitation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the proposed ballot measure would make a major change to the state’s juvenile justice system by allowing judges instead of prosecutors to decide whether a minor should be charged as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman said the prosecutors have several objections to the governor's proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they are unhappy that Brown took an existing ballot measure solely aimed at making changes to the juvenile system -- a proposal that had already been through a public comment period -- and amended it to include the more sweeping sentencing reforms. That meant there was not an opportunity for prosecutors and others to weigh in, Hoffman said, and potentially convince the governor to make some tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is more of a process issue, but they feel like the governor, by amending an initiative that had already been through 30-day public comment period, cut the lines (of communication),\" Hoffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDAA board members are also worried that the measure gives the head of the prison system too much control over issuing \"good-time\" credits, trumping past laws passed by both the Legislature and voters that mandated when criminals had to serve a certain percentage of their sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps most important, Hoffman said, the parole eligibility changes undercut \"40 years' worth of sentencing law,\" handing enormous power to a body he said prosecutors do not trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman used the example of two people in prison for human trafficking. Both might have a 12-year underlying sentence, but the person convicted of trafficking one person might have four years added on as an enhancement, while the person convicted of trafficking six people would have 24 years added on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sentence isn't going to reflect the gravity of the offense,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman said the district attorneys also have questions about who will be considered a \"nonviolent\" offender under the ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of criminal justice reform had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/is-sentencing-reform-on-horizon\" target=\"_blank\">hoped the governor would wade into the fray this year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> \u003cem>KQED California Politics and Government Desk Senior Editor Scott Shafter contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gov. Jerry Brown Proposes Changes to Felon Sentences, Juvenile Courts",
"title": "Gov. Jerry Brown Proposes Changes to Felon Sentences, Juvenile Courts",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/The_Public_Safety_and_Rehabilitation_Act_of_2016_(00266261xAEB03).pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ballot measure \u003c/a>Wednesday that could let more than 25,000 state prisoners serve shorter sentences and impact how many juvenile offenders are tried as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative, aimed at the November ballot, would help the state lower its inmate population and comply with an ongoing federal order to reduce prison crowding. But Brown said it would also roll back what he called “unintended consequences” of a major sentencing reform he signed nearly three decades ago, when he was first governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244265268\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That measure set out predetermined sentences for each crime, tying the hands of judges and the state’s parole board. Since then, lawmakers and voters have also passed dozens of sentencing enhancements that allowed prosecutors to tack on even more time to those predetermined sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said the lack of flexibility led not only to crowded prisons but also gave inmates no reason to behave well or participate in rehabilitation programs while they are behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pZ0MYhSQKFIzmOaQKGNR8ItUbfe0PCZO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key unintended consequences was the removal of incentives for inmates to improve themselves, to refrain from gang activity, using narcotics, otherwise misbehaving,\" he said. \"Nothing that would give them the reward of turning their life around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure would give the approximately 25,000 nonviolent state prisoners an opportunity for earlier release, by allowing the parole board to consider them for parole after they serve their entire initial sentences, but before they serve time tacked on by sentencing enhancements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the proposed ballot measure would make a major change to the state’s juvenile justice system, by allowing judges instead of prosecutors to decide whether a minor should be charged as an adult. That would roll back \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_21,_Treatment_of_Juvenile_Offenders_(2000)\" target=\"_blank\">a change enacted by voters in 2000\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said that system is more fair and deliberative, adding that \"judges should judge and prosecutors should prosecute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244154545\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor was joined by law enforcement leaders on a call announcing the ballot initiative, including San Diego District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis and Los Angeles Police Chief Charlie Beck. Dumanis, a former juvenile court judge, praised the ballot measure for its changes to both the juvenile and adult systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, inmates got credit for breathing,\" she said, adding that prisoners who participate in educational and vocational programs are better equipped to contribute to society when they are paroled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10847802\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10847802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-800x1015.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD Chief Charlie Beck\" width=\"800\" height=\"1015\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-800x1015.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-400x507.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-768x974.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-1440x1826.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-1180x1497.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-960x1218.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Law enforcement leaders including LAPD Chief Charlie Beck joined Gov. Brown on a call announcing the ballot initiative -- though it's unclear if they'll endorse the measure. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While it's still not clear if the state's major law enforcement groups will actually endorse the ballot measure, their participation on the call is a huge change from years past, said UC Berkeley criminal justice expert Barry Krisberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has advocated these types of reforms for years, and called the ballot measure's major provisions a step in the right direction when taken with other criminal justice changes of recent years -- some of which have been pushed by Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re seeing law enforcement leadership beginning to understand the value of these kinds of reforms -- not all of them but a chunk of them -- and the governor being on that side helps this move forward,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faith groups and others have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/is-sentencing-reform-on-horizon\" target=\"_blank\">pushing the governor for these types of changes\u003c/a>. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But some Republican lawmakers immediately denounced the proposal as a threat to public safety.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has just a few months to collect the signatures necessary to place the measure before voters in November. But with more than $24 million in campaign accounts, it looks like he has the funds to do so.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key unintended consequences was the removal of incentives for inmates to improve themselves, to refrain from gang activity, using narcotics, otherwise misbehaving,\" he said. \"Nothing that would give them the reward of turning their life around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure would give the approximately 25,000 nonviolent state prisoners an opportunity for earlier release, by allowing the parole board to consider them for parole after they serve their entire initial sentences, but before they serve time tacked on by sentencing enhancements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the proposed ballot measure would make a major change to the state’s juvenile justice system, by allowing judges instead of prosecutors to decide whether a minor should be charged as an adult. That would roll back \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_21,_Treatment_of_Juvenile_Offenders_(2000)\" target=\"_blank\">a change enacted by voters in 2000\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said that system is more fair and deliberative, adding that \"judges should judge and prosecutors should prosecute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244154545&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244154545'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor was joined by law enforcement leaders on a call announcing the ballot initiative, including San Diego District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis and Los Angeles Police Chief Charlie Beck. Dumanis, a former juvenile court judge, praised the ballot measure for its changes to both the juvenile and adult systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, inmates got credit for breathing,\" she said, adding that prisoners who participate in educational and vocational programs are better equipped to contribute to society when they are paroled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10847802\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10847802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-800x1015.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD Chief Charlie Beck\" width=\"800\" height=\"1015\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-800x1015.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-400x507.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-768x974.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-1440x1826.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-1180x1497.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CharlieBeck-960x1218.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Law enforcement leaders including LAPD Chief Charlie Beck joined Gov. Brown on a call announcing the ballot initiative -- though it's unclear if they'll endorse the measure. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While it's still not clear if the state's major law enforcement groups will actually endorse the ballot measure, their participation on the call is a huge change from years past, said UC Berkeley criminal justice expert Barry Krisberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has advocated these types of reforms for years, and called the ballot measure's major provisions a step in the right direction when taken with other criminal justice changes of recent years -- some of which have been pushed by Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re seeing law enforcement leadership beginning to understand the value of these kinds of reforms -- not all of them but a chunk of them -- and the governor being on that side helps this move forward,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faith groups and others have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/is-sentencing-reform-on-horizon\" target=\"_blank\">pushing the governor for these types of changes\u003c/a>. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But some Republican lawmakers immediately denounced the proposal as a threat to public safety.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has just a few months to collect the signatures necessary to place the measure before voters in November. But with more than $24 million in campaign accounts, it looks like he has the funds to do so.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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