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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains sexual imagery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n a high-rise apartment in the heart of Los Angeles, a naked man is on his knees. A clothed woman towers above him. The man does not have a name. He has given her good money not to have a name. The woman has a name, but the man calls her only “Goddess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re jumping ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a family story — even if you might not think it’s a family-friendly story — about a single mom, her mother and her son. It’s a story about navigating conflicting belief systems to build a better life for your family. It’s about finding the right career, even if it doesn’t sit well with everyone around you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she was a goddess, her name was simply Grace Marie. (We’re not using her last name, or the last names of her family members in this story, to protect their privacy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 10 years, she had a very fulfilling career as a special education preschool teacher. She was 20 when she started that job; her son was 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Grace got pregnant in high school, her mother was adamant that her daughter keep the baby. Together they raised James, who’s 19 now and very close to his mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s one of the best moms I know,” says James. “She was always there for me when I needed her. And she encouraged me, in an age where a lot of my friends’ mothers spent most of their time discouraging their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace was a special education teacher until James was 12 years old. All three of them were living together. Then, Grace made a career change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-800x1055.jpg\" alt=\"Grace, posing in the doorway of her bathroom, dressed for a patron who she was meeting later that day. Her mother and son did not want to be photographed for this story.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-800x1055.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-160x211.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-1020x1345.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-910x1200.jpg 910w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-1180x1556.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-960x1266.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-240x316.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-375x494.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-520x685.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace, posing in the doorway of her bathroom, dressed for a patron who she was meeting later that day. Her mother and son did not want to be photographed for this story. \u003ccite>(Bradley Bermont/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s keep it very real,” she says. “I had a mountain of medical bills I was concerned with paying. And you know, the school district was great, but they didn’t make me rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Grace was in an on-again, off-again relationship with a kinky video artist who liked to lick boots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That got me curious, because I was like, ‘Oh there are different ways to fuck,’ ” she says. And that curiosity led her to an unfamiliar corner of a very familiar website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were people on Craigslist offering 250 ‘roses’ for foot worship,” she explains. Craigslist recently removed their personals section, but when Grace first changed careers, that’s where she found most of her clients, including a man who lived nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drove to his house in my little Prius — my little mom mobile — and then I got out and clip-clopped inside with my heels and shoved my foot down his throat,” she says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was given $300 as a “tribute,” she says, making it very clear that this wasn’t a payment of any kind. In that moment, she became a dominatrix and took the title: Goddess Grace Marie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Grace says, “People come to me for anything you can possibly think of. I’ve done scenes that are very light and innocent, like tickle torture scenes, adult baby scenes — anything from that, ranging to more hardcore scenes where there’s pain involved. Maybe sometimes there might be blood or feces involved. Some scenes can get to be really hardcore, but you know — that’s just who you’re talking to because what’s hardcore to one person is BDSM-lite to another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(BDSM is an overlapping abbreviation that refers to a group of fetishes: bondage and discipline; dominance and submission; sadism and masochism. It is often used as an umbrella term for any kind of fetish or kink.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no traditional sex involved, but it’s most certainly sex work. And Grace loved it from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time you get $300 for an hour’s worth of work, when you’ve been working a $20 per hour job here in L.A., it’s kind of a rush, you know?” says Grace. “Suddenly you’re like, ‘Oh my God, finally they’re paying me what I’m worth. I’m obviously a goddess. This is it, I’ve arrived.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-800x838.jpg\" alt=\"Grace Marie is a mom, and a daughter, and has to navigate both of those relationships after choosing to become a dominatrix in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-800x838.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1020x1068.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1146x1200.jpg 1146w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1180x1236.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-960x1006.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-375x393.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-520x545.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marie is a mom, and a daughter, and has to navigate both of those relationships after choosing to become a dominatrix in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Grace Marie)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Mom’s Initial Reaction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But if Grace felt like she had arrived, Pat — her mother — felt like she needed deliverance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt sad, and I felt mad. And I felt embarrassed. And I felt shame,” Pat says. “That’s how I felt. All those things at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And James? He didn’t know. He knew his mom quit her job as a teacher, but he didn’t know what she was doing for a living until two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace says he found one of her floggers, a type of short whip with a bunch of tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asked me why I had it. And I said the same thing I said to him when he asked me if Santa Claus was real when he was 4: ‘Do you want a story, or do you want the truth?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-800x980.jpg\" alt=\"Grace’s whip and collection of floggers. They range from supple deer skin to brutally tough bull hide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-800x980.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-1020x1250.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-979x1200.jpg 979w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-1180x1446.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-960x1177.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-240x294.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-375x460.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-520x637.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace’s whip and collection of floggers. They range from supple deerskin to brutally tough bullhide. \u003ccite>(Bradley Bermont/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>James says, the truth was, it didn’t bother him. Grace explained to him that there were certain people who wanted certain sensations and she was a person who could help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery and ensuing explanation was a non-event for James. He hardly remembers the moment, but said it didn’t affect their relationship at all. She continued to be a great mom throughout everything, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pat felt differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years of tolerating Grace’s new career, Pat kicked her out of the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was non-negotiable,” Grace says. “’You have to go,’” she recalls her mother saying. “’If you’re choosing this, you’re out of here.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat simply didn’t get it. She was raised in the Midwest with a devout Catholic family, including an uncle who was a priest. She didn’t understand what would drive her daughter to do this, though she thought about it a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought about emotional detachment, I thought about revenge against men in general,” she says. “I thought about control — always being in control, always being on the giving end of the pain instead of the receiving end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why BDSM Work Is Healing for Grace — and Her Clients\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pat raised Grace as a single mom while working in management for a school district. Her budget was tight, and she put in long hours. Grace spent a lot of time with babysitters. Two of those babysitters molested Grace. The first incident happened when she was only 6 years old. Both molesters were teenage male babysitters. Neither were ever reported to the authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace recalls an incident when she was 9: “He told me that he was my boyfriend, but that we couldn’t tell anybody because the world is what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physical things we were doing didn’t bother me. It didn’t go too far,” she says, noting that it was emotional abuse that took a toll on her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then that sort of shaped my worldview on what love is,” Grace said. She said she continued to have abusive relationships into adulthood, which she blames on the abuse she suffered as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I didn’t think it was going to be this deep, therapeutic experience, but that’s what it really became.’\u003ccite>Anonymous client of Grace’s\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That mindfuck imprint was left on me. So I need to find a container for that,” she said. “It can live in the BDSM world if it’s done well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every abuse survivor will go on to become a dominatrix. But for Grace, it makes her feel safe around men again. It helps her feel in control. It makes her feel like someone is there to take care of her. Someone who worships her, like a goddess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a patron shows up on the first of the month with a stack of cash to show me that they want me to be safe with a roof over my head, and with food in my fridge, and with everything I need for the month — that helps,” Grace said. “That helps restore faith in human beings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just Grace who’s helped by her work. One of her patrons, who asked not to be named and refused to have his voice taped for this story, said Grace helped him build a closer relationship with his sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think it was going to be this deep, therapeutic experience, but that’s what it really became,” the client says. He’s been seeing Grace for the past two years, starting when his wife of 30 years left him unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13827641/the-hustle-an-artist-and-sex-worker-taking-charge-of-her-business\">The Hustle: An Artist and Sex Worker Taking Charge of Her Business\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13827641/the-hustle-an-artist-and-sex-worker-taking-charge-of-her-business\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/03/KQED_Arabelle_Raphael_3_COVER-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“[Grace] allowed me to find a vulnerability in myself that I avoided at all costs, in every aspect of my life, which made me really closed off and isolated,” he say. This vulnerability helped him become more emotionally available. He said that he thought it could have improved his marriage if he had done this earlier. That’s why he’s comfortable calling her “goddess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about Pat, Grace’s mom?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took me awhile to come to the fact that this wasn’t about me or what I was feeling. This was about Grace,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My love for Grace goes above any of the other emotions that I described. I will do whatever it takes to help Grace be the best person she can be,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a fulfilling career is hard for anyone. But getting your Catholic mom to accept you as a dominatrix? Grace and Pat found a way to make it work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this week, Grace moved back into Pat’s house. Together they built a family for James where he can be supported by not just one mom, but two — even if it took them awhile to get there.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This single mom and former special ed teacher decided to make an unconventional career change. And that’s meant navigating conflicting belief systems with her own mother.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains sexual imagery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n a high-rise apartment in the heart of Los Angeles, a naked man is on his knees. A clothed woman towers above him. The man does not have a name. He has given her good money not to have a name. The woman has a name, but the man calls her only “Goddess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re jumping ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a family story — even if you might not think it’s a family-friendly story — about a single mom, her mother and her son. It’s a story about navigating conflicting belief systems to build a better life for your family. It’s about finding the right career, even if it doesn’t sit well with everyone around you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she was a goddess, her name was simply Grace Marie. (We’re not using her last name, or the last names of her family members in this story, to protect their privacy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 10 years, she had a very fulfilling career as a special education preschool teacher. She was 20 when she started that job; her son was 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Grace got pregnant in high school, her mother was adamant that her daughter keep the baby. Together they raised James, who’s 19 now and very close to his mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s one of the best moms I know,” says James. “She was always there for me when I needed her. And she encouraged me, in an age where a lot of my friends’ mothers spent most of their time discouraging their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace was a special education teacher until James was 12 years old. All three of them were living together. Then, Grace made a career change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-800x1055.jpg\" alt=\"Grace, posing in the doorway of her bathroom, dressed for a patron who she was meeting later that day. Her mother and son did not want to be photographed for this story.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-800x1055.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-160x211.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-1020x1345.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-910x1200.jpg 910w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-1180x1556.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-960x1266.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-240x316.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-375x494.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GraceDoorway-520x685.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace, posing in the doorway of her bathroom, dressed for a patron who she was meeting later that day. Her mother and son did not want to be photographed for this story. \u003ccite>(Bradley Bermont/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Let’s keep it very real,” she says. “I had a mountain of medical bills I was concerned with paying. And you know, the school district was great, but they didn’t make me rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Grace was in an on-again, off-again relationship with a kinky video artist who liked to lick boots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That got me curious, because I was like, ‘Oh there are different ways to fuck,’ ” she says. And that curiosity led her to an unfamiliar corner of a very familiar website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were people on Craigslist offering 250 ‘roses’ for foot worship,” she explains. Craigslist recently removed their personals section, but when Grace first changed careers, that’s where she found most of her clients, including a man who lived nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I drove to his house in my little Prius — my little mom mobile — and then I got out and clip-clopped inside with my heels and shoved my foot down his throat,” she says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was given $300 as a “tribute,” she says, making it very clear that this wasn’t a payment of any kind. In that moment, she became a dominatrix and took the title: Goddess Grace Marie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Grace says, “People come to me for anything you can possibly think of. I’ve done scenes that are very light and innocent, like tickle torture scenes, adult baby scenes — anything from that, ranging to more hardcore scenes where there’s pain involved. Maybe sometimes there might be blood or feces involved. Some scenes can get to be really hardcore, but you know — that’s just who you’re talking to because what’s hardcore to one person is BDSM-lite to another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(BDSM is an overlapping abbreviation that refers to a group of fetishes: bondage and discipline; dominance and submission; sadism and masochism. It is often used as an umbrella term for any kind of fetish or kink.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no traditional sex involved, but it’s most certainly sex work. And Grace loved it from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time you get $300 for an hour’s worth of work, when you’ve been working a $20 per hour job here in L.A., it’s kind of a rush, you know?” says Grace. “Suddenly you’re like, ‘Oh my God, finally they’re paying me what I’m worth. I’m obviously a goddess. This is it, I’ve arrived.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-800x838.jpg\" alt=\"Grace Marie is a mom, and a daughter, and has to navigate both of those relationships after choosing to become a dominatrix in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-800x838.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1020x1068.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1146x1200.jpg 1146w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-1180x1236.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-960x1006.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-375x393.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/GracePink-520x545.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marie is a mom, and a daughter, and has to navigate both of those relationships after choosing to become a dominatrix in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Grace Marie)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Mom’s Initial Reaction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But if Grace felt like she had arrived, Pat — her mother — felt like she needed deliverance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt sad, and I felt mad. And I felt embarrassed. And I felt shame,” Pat says. “That’s how I felt. All those things at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And James? He didn’t know. He knew his mom quit her job as a teacher, but he didn’t know what she was doing for a living until two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace says he found one of her floggers, a type of short whip with a bunch of tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asked me why I had it. And I said the same thing I said to him when he asked me if Santa Claus was real when he was 4: ‘Do you want a story, or do you want the truth?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-800x980.jpg\" alt=\"Grace’s whip and collection of floggers. They range from supple deer skin to brutally tough bull hide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"980\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-800x980.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-1020x1250.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-979x1200.jpg 979w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-1180x1446.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-960x1177.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-240x294.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-375x460.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/ToolsOfTrade-520x637.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace’s whip and collection of floggers. They range from supple deerskin to brutally tough bullhide. \u003ccite>(Bradley Bermont/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>James says, the truth was, it didn’t bother him. Grace explained to him that there were certain people who wanted certain sensations and she was a person who could help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery and ensuing explanation was a non-event for James. He hardly remembers the moment, but said it didn’t affect their relationship at all. She continued to be a great mom throughout everything, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pat felt differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years of tolerating Grace’s new career, Pat kicked her out of the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was non-negotiable,” Grace says. “’You have to go,’” she recalls her mother saying. “’If you’re choosing this, you’re out of here.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat simply didn’t get it. She was raised in the Midwest with a devout Catholic family, including an uncle who was a priest. She didn’t understand what would drive her daughter to do this, though she thought about it a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought about emotional detachment, I thought about revenge against men in general,” she says. “I thought about control — always being in control, always being on the giving end of the pain instead of the receiving end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why BDSM Work Is Healing for Grace — and Her Clients\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pat raised Grace as a single mom while working in management for a school district. Her budget was tight, and she put in long hours. Grace spent a lot of time with babysitters. Two of those babysitters molested Grace. The first incident happened when she was only 6 years old. Both molesters were teenage male babysitters. Neither were ever reported to the authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace recalls an incident when she was 9: “He told me that he was my boyfriend, but that we couldn’t tell anybody because the world is what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physical things we were doing didn’t bother me. It didn’t go too far,” she says, noting that it was emotional abuse that took a toll on her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then that sort of shaped my worldview on what love is,” Grace said. She said she continued to have abusive relationships into adulthood, which she blames on the abuse she suffered as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I didn’t think it was going to be this deep, therapeutic experience, but that’s what it really became.’\u003ccite>Anonymous client of Grace’s\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That mindfuck imprint was left on me. So I need to find a container for that,” she said. “It can live in the BDSM world if it’s done well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every abuse survivor will go on to become a dominatrix. But for Grace, it makes her feel safe around men again. It helps her feel in control. It makes her feel like someone is there to take care of her. Someone who worships her, like a goddess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a patron shows up on the first of the month with a stack of cash to show me that they want me to be safe with a roof over my head, and with food in my fridge, and with everything I need for the month — that helps,” Grace said. “That helps restore faith in human beings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just Grace who’s helped by her work. One of her patrons, who asked not to be named and refused to have his voice taped for this story, said Grace helped him build a closer relationship with his sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t think it was going to be this deep, therapeutic experience, but that’s what it really became,” the client says. He’s been seeing Grace for the past two years, starting when his wife of 30 years left him unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13827641/the-hustle-an-artist-and-sex-worker-taking-charge-of-her-business\">The Hustle: An Artist and Sex Worker Taking Charge of Her Business\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13827641/the-hustle-an-artist-and-sex-worker-taking-charge-of-her-business\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/03/KQED_Arabelle_Raphael_3_COVER-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“[Grace] allowed me to find a vulnerability in myself that I avoided at all costs, in every aspect of my life, which made me really closed off and isolated,” he say. This vulnerability helped him become more emotionally available. He said that he thought it could have improved his marriage if he had done this earlier. That’s why he’s comfortable calling her “goddess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about Pat, Grace’s mom?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took me awhile to come to the fact that this wasn’t about me or what I was feeling. This was about Grace,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My love for Grace goes above any of the other emotions that I described. I will do whatever it takes to help Grace be the best person she can be,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a fulfilling career is hard for anyone. But getting your Catholic mom to accept you as a dominatrix? Grace and Pat found a way to make it work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Becoming a firefighter is no easy task. The competition is fierce and the physical requirements are grueling, especially if you’re a woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Fire Department has faced criticism in the past for its lack of diversity. Two percent of the county’s firefighters are women, but the department is taking steps to get more women out there saving lives and putting out fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a Los Angeles Times investigation and the L.A. County auditor found that the department’s hiring process was riddled with nepotism, cronyism and cheating — some of the people in the department were sharing the exams with people they knew. Chief Daryl Osby disciplined the employees involved and implemented hiring reforms, which included the creation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.lacounty.gov/event/womens-fire-prep-academy/\">Women’s Fire Prep Academy\u003c/a> as well as a division focused on outreach, diversity and inclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Martin puts on her oxygen mask.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Martin puts on her oxygen mask. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to increase the percentage of women firefighters, the L.A. County Fire Department holds the annual Women’s Fire Prep Academy. The program is free and has been offered since 2016. This year, 70 women signed up to be trained to build the physical and technical skills necessary to prepare to join the department’s full-time academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding women don’t have a lot of experience running a chainsaw or running a ladder or something like that,” said L.A. County Fire Capt. Sara Rathbun, who helps manage the academy. “Women can come and experience some of Fire Department culture, physical activity, skills, tools and atmosphere. It’s something that is very unlike other careers. It’s more like the military than it is like any other job. And that’s often culture shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The training includes fitness and endurance tests, a pullup test, and a test to see if they can hold the plank position for up to four minutes. The women also get familiarized with aspects of the job, like working with firehoses, strapping on the breathing tank or raising a 35-foot ladder against a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667136\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Candidates at the Women's Fire Prep Academy attempt to hold plank position for four minutes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Candidates at the Women’s Fire Prep Academy attempt to hold plank position for four minutes. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The prep academy was created to put women in a comfortable environment, where they feel safe asking questions and making mistakes. Men volunteer as trainers and mentors because this is a male-dominated profession and that’s what the workplace will look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the prep academy is offered exclusively to women because many don’t even consider applying for firefighter jobs unless they feel sure they can get one, according to Capt. Rathbun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that if I’m a man and you’re a woman and we’re both partially qualified for the same job, I’m way more likely to apply for it when I’m only 60 percent qualified and you are likely to wait until you have 100 percent of the qualifications,” said Rathbun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighter trainers show candidates how to put up a heavy, 35-foot ladder.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter trainers show candidates how to put up a heavy, 35-foot ladder. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prep academy trainer Siene Freeman became a firefighter after doing the program last year. At 45 years old, she’s the oldest woman the county has ever hired as a new firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My story started when I was 5 years old going through a tour in kindergarten at a fire station. I got to see the firefighters in the engines and all the equipment. I thought, wow, this is the most amazing thing in the world,” said Freeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And instantly back in 1979 was told it’s not for girls, it’s not for women. Try something else. Look at something else. It’s not for you. And I just remember for years feeling like this is what I want to do. And over the years in high school, I would tell people I want to be a firefighter and they said it’s not for women. And I put it on the back burner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"One candidate -- the only one in her group -- makes it to a final level of a running endurance test.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1200x887.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1180x872.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-960x710.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-375x277.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-520x384.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One candidate — the only one in her group — makes it to a final level of a running endurance test. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the 50 women who went through the prep academy last year, Freeman is one of three who’s actually working as a firefighter now. Chief Osby said this is a step in the right direction, but acknowledged that there’s more to do. Currently, women make up 2 percent of the county’s firefighters. That’s an improvement from previous years, but it’s still less than half the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to do a lot better,” said Osby, responding to the statistics. “At the national level, obviously they’re doing better than my department. But we need to do better. And I think that when you look at some departments that are more diverse than mine, it is unfortunately because they were sued.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"Fire Chief Daryl Osby speaks to the graduates of the prep academy, telling them they are doing “the right thing” by exploring a career in firefighting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-960x706.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Chief Daryl Osby speaks to the graduates of the prep academy, telling them they are doing “the right thing” by exploring a career in firefighting. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While firefighter Freeman said she feels welcome in her new role, she said she feels the extra burden of being a woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the things that we’re up against is constantly having to prove that we can uphold the standard, which I knew what I was getting myself into,” she said. “I’m up for the challenge, but we have to prepare our women to be up for that challenge as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 70 women who started this year’s prep academy, 61 completed the six weeks of training. Some had to drop out because of scheduling conflicts, while others just realized that this wasn’t for them. Osby spoke to the women during the prep academy graduation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope is that women in the fire service won’t be an anomaly,” he told the candidates. “That there will be girls who see you on our apparatus, in our special units, in our uniforms, saying, ‘I want to be like them.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next chance for any of these candidates to apply to be a firefighter for the county is in the fall, when the department holds its next exam.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Grit, Endurance and Pullups: Inside L.A.'s Women's Fire Prep Academy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Becoming a firefighter is no easy task. The competition is fierce and the physical requirements are grueling, especially if you’re a woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Fire Department has faced criticism in the past for its lack of diversity. Two percent of the county’s firefighters are women, but the department is taking steps to get more women out there saving lives and putting out fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a Los Angeles Times investigation and the L.A. County auditor found that the department’s hiring process was riddled with nepotism, cronyism and cheating — some of the people in the department were sharing the exams with people they knew. Chief Daryl Osby disciplined the employees involved and implemented hiring reforms, which included the creation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.lacounty.gov/event/womens-fire-prep-academy/\">Women’s Fire Prep Academy\u003c/a> as well as a division focused on outreach, diversity and inclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Martin puts on her oxygen mask.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/Firefighter2-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Martin puts on her oxygen mask. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to increase the percentage of women firefighters, the L.A. County Fire Department holds the annual Women’s Fire Prep Academy. The program is free and has been offered since 2016. This year, 70 women signed up to be trained to build the physical and technical skills necessary to prepare to join the department’s full-time academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding women don’t have a lot of experience running a chainsaw or running a ladder or something like that,” said L.A. County Fire Capt. Sara Rathbun, who helps manage the academy. “Women can come and experience some of Fire Department culture, physical activity, skills, tools and atmosphere. It’s something that is very unlike other careers. It’s more like the military than it is like any other job. And that’s often culture shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The training includes fitness and endurance tests, a pullup test, and a test to see if they can hold the plank position for up to four minutes. The women also get familiarized with aspects of the job, like working with firehoses, strapping on the breathing tank or raising a 35-foot ladder against a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667136\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Candidates at the Women's Fire Prep Academy attempt to hold plank position for four minutes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/HoldingPlank-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Candidates at the Women’s Fire Prep Academy attempt to hold plank position for four minutes. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The prep academy was created to put women in a comfortable environment, where they feel safe asking questions and making mistakes. Men volunteer as trainers and mentors because this is a male-dominated profession and that’s what the workplace will look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the prep academy is offered exclusively to women because many don’t even consider applying for firefighter jobs unless they feel sure they can get one, according to Capt. Rathbun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that if I’m a man and you’re a woman and we’re both partially qualified for the same job, I’m way more likely to apply for it when I’m only 60 percent qualified and you are likely to wait until you have 100 percent of the qualifications,” said Rathbun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighter trainers show candidates how to put up a heavy, 35-foot ladder.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FirefightersLadder-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter trainers show candidates how to put up a heavy, 35-foot ladder. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prep academy trainer Siene Freeman became a firefighter after doing the program last year. At 45 years old, she’s the oldest woman the county has ever hired as a new firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My story started when I was 5 years old going through a tour in kindergarten at a fire station. I got to see the firefighters in the engines and all the equipment. I thought, wow, this is the most amazing thing in the world,” said Freeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And instantly back in 1979 was told it’s not for girls, it’s not for women. Try something else. Look at something else. It’s not for you. And I just remember for years feeling like this is what I want to do. And over the years in high school, I would tell people I want to be a firefighter and they said it’s not for women. And I put it on the back burner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"One candidate -- the only one in her group -- makes it to a final level of a running endurance test.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1200x887.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-1180x872.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-960x710.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-375x277.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RunningFinish-520x384.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One candidate — the only one in her group — makes it to a final level of a running endurance test. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the 50 women who went through the prep academy last year, Freeman is one of three who’s actually working as a firefighter now. Chief Osby said this is a step in the right direction, but acknowledged that there’s more to do. Currently, women make up 2 percent of the county’s firefighters. That’s an improvement from previous years, but it’s still less than half the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to do a lot better,” said Osby, responding to the statistics. “At the national level, obviously they’re doing better than my department. But we need to do better. And I think that when you look at some departments that are more diverse than mine, it is unfortunately because they were sued.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11667144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"Fire Chief Daryl Osby speaks to the graduates of the prep academy, telling them they are doing “the right thing” by exploring a career in firefighting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-960x706.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/FireChief-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Chief Daryl Osby speaks to the graduates of the prep academy, telling them they are doing “the right thing” by exploring a career in firefighting. \u003ccite>(Jenny Hamel/KCRW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While firefighter Freeman said she feels welcome in her new role, she said she feels the extra burden of being a woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the things that we’re up against is constantly having to prove that we can uphold the standard, which I knew what I was getting myself into,” she said. “I’m up for the challenge, but we have to prepare our women to be up for that challenge as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 70 women who started this year’s prep academy, 61 completed the six weeks of training. Some had to drop out because of scheduling conflicts, while others just realized that this wasn’t for them. Osby spoke to the women during the prep academy graduation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope is that women in the fire service won’t be an anomaly,” he told the candidates. “That there will be girls who see you on our apparatus, in our special units, in our uniforms, saying, ‘I want to be like them.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next chance for any of these candidates to apply to be a firefighter for the county is in the fall, when the department holds its next exam.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California’s love affair with — and growing dependency on — the automobile spurred the rise of car culture around the state and beyond. Teenagers formed car clubs to customize, restore and “soup up” their rides. Cal State Long Beach sociology professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.o-dub.com/wp/\">Oliver Wang\u003c/a> is unearthing the stories behind some unique L.A.-based car clubs that formed in the 1950s and 1960s: Japanese-American, or nikkei, car clubs. Some of these teens had family in internment camps during World War II. And some of them had been interned themselves. Wang is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/Legions-of-Boom\">writer\u003c/a>, scholar, DJ and commentator for NPR, and he talked to \u003cem>The California Report’s\u003c/em> Sasha Khokha about his new oral history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SASHA KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> So this project started with your father-in-law, Don Mizota, sharing his memories about car clubs when he was a teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>OLIVER WANG:\u003c/strong> I had always heard about car clubs in the Japanese-American community, and this project partly arose out of my general interest in the history of Asian-Americans in car culture. It’s a very, very long history; it spans many different communities. But my wife said, “You know, my dad was in a car club when he was in high school,” and I thought, “Oh, really? Let me talk to him about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> Don Mizota’s car club was”Kame,” which means “turtle.” There was even one called “Gohan,” which means “rice ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG: \u003c/strong> It was an opportunity for these teenagers to have a creative outlet. And so a lot of them came up with very fanciful names. Other people who I interviewed included a crew out of the Gardena/Torrance area called the Apostles, because they all met in a Baptist Church. There was another club from the same area called the Shoguns, which had this very bloody and violent-looking logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> So there were dozens of these nikkei car clubs in Southern California in the 1950s and 1960s. But I love that in the case of your father-in-law, he was basically souping up his family’s farm pickup [truck].\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662766 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-800x583.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-800x583.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1020x743.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1200x875.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1180x860.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-960x700.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-240x175.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-375x273.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-520x379.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK.jpg 1309w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mizota family 1955 Ford half-ton truck with emblems removed and customized with a 1956 grill. (Courtesy of Don Mizota)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> Yes. And partly it’s because a lot of these kids came from working-class families. My father-in-law came from a flower farming family, so the car that he had access to was the family pickup. He was able to do a little bit of customization on it, which was very simple but it set it apart from your standard stock pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> My father-in-law is the same age as your father-in-law and he was also interned in Jerome, Arkansas. What does car culture have to do with finding that sense of belonging after basically being told you’re not American?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> To have a car, especially in the 1950s, was engaging in a very deeply American form of culture because cars symbolized American freedom. To form these clubs was a really important way in which Japanese-American youth were able to form community. So I think the car clubs do very much tap into this larger backdrop of what it means to be an American and trying to reconcile the experiences during the war with trying to rebuild their lives coming out from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> You also interviewed a guy named Howard Igasaki. He was born in L.A. and was a young child in an internment camp in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662134 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patch from the Gardena car club, the Apostles. Courtesy of Shig Kawashiri. \u003ccite>(Oliver Wang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG: \u003c/strong>Howard was a member of the Apostles, out of Gardena High School. They were called the Apostles because everyone in the group had initially met in a local Baptist church down there. They had really one of the best logos I’ve seen. It was an engine block with a halo over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> So you’re looking for Japanese-Americans who were teenagers in car clubs in the ’50s and ’60s to collect these stories. What do you plan to do with them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> I just think it’s important to document this. Unfortunately, these are people who are dying. There [are] many stories that have already been lost and many more that will be lost in the years to come. It’s challenging just trying to find people who are still around who have a decent recollection of something that happened 50 or 60 years ago and are willing to talk about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662131 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Plaque from the Squires Car Club of Boyle Heights. (Courtesy of Don Yamamoto. Photo: Oliver Wang) \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plaque from the Squires Car Club of Boyle Heights. Courtesy of Don Yamamoto. \u003ccite>(Oliver Wang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you or someone in your family was part of one of these nikkei car clubs, \u003ca href=\"calreport@kqed.org\">let us know\u003c/a>. We’ll pass your information along to Oliver Wang.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> Don Mizota’s car club was”Kame,” which means “turtle.” There was even one called “Gohan,” which means “rice ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG: \u003c/strong> It was an opportunity for these teenagers to have a creative outlet. And so a lot of them came up with very fanciful names. Other people who I interviewed included a crew out of the Gardena/Torrance area called the Apostles, because they all met in a Baptist Church. There was another club from the same area called the Shoguns, which had this very bloody and violent-looking logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> So there were dozens of these nikkei car clubs in Southern California in the 1950s and 1960s. But I love that in the case of your father-in-law, he was basically souping up his family’s farm pickup [truck].\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662766 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-800x583.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-800x583.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1020x743.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1200x875.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-1180x860.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-960x700.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-240x175.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-375x273.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK-520x379.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TRUCK.jpg 1309w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mizota family 1955 Ford half-ton truck with emblems removed and customized with a 1956 grill. (Courtesy of Don Mizota)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> Yes. And partly it’s because a lot of these kids came from working-class families. My father-in-law came from a flower farming family, so the car that he had access to was the family pickup. He was able to do a little bit of customization on it, which was very simple but it set it apart from your standard stock pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> My father-in-law is the same age as your father-in-law and he was also interned in Jerome, Arkansas. What does car culture have to do with finding that sense of belonging after basically being told you’re not American?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> To have a car, especially in the 1950s, was engaging in a very deeply American form of culture because cars symbolized American freedom. To form these clubs was a really important way in which Japanese-American youth were able to form community. So I think the car clubs do very much tap into this larger backdrop of what it means to be an American and trying to reconcile the experiences during the war with trying to rebuild their lives coming out from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> You also interviewed a guy named Howard Igasaki. He was born in L.A. and was a young child in an internment camp in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662134 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30440_IMG_0651-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patch from the Gardena car club, the Apostles. Courtesy of Shig Kawashiri. \u003ccite>(Oliver Wang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG: \u003c/strong>Howard was a member of the Apostles, out of Gardena High School. They were called the Apostles because everyone in the group had initially met in a local Baptist church down there. They had really one of the best logos I’ve seen. It was an engine block with a halo over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KHOKHA:\u003c/strong> So you’re looking for Japanese-Americans who were teenagers in car clubs in the ’50s and ’60s to collect these stories. What do you plan to do with them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WANG:\u003c/strong> I just think it’s important to document this. Unfortunately, these are people who are dying. There [are] many stories that have already been lost and many more that will be lost in the years to come. It’s challenging just trying to find people who are still around who have a decent recollection of something that happened 50 or 60 years ago and are willing to talk about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11662131 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Plaque from the Squires Car Club of Boyle Heights. (Courtesy of Don Yamamoto. Photo: Oliver Wang) \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30441_Squires-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plaque from the Squires Car Club of Boyle Heights. Courtesy of Don Yamamoto. \u003ccite>(Oliver Wang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you or someone in your family was part of one of these nikkei car clubs, \u003ca href=\"calreport@kqed.org\">let us know\u003c/a>. We’ll pass your information along to Oliver Wang.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Mayor's New Homelessness Plan: More Shelters, More Enforcement",
"title": "L.A. Mayor's New Homelessness Plan: More Shelters, More Enforcement",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Could the prospect of cleaner streets and sidewalks free of homeless encampments be enough to override L.A.'s history of NIMBYism?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the hope behind a new plan by L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti to spread $20 million worth of emergency homeless shelters across the city — and simultaneously beef up the Bureau of Sanitation resources traditionally responsible for clearing encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti unveiled the proposal \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/16/82323/la-mayor-s-state-of-the-city-address-live-with-ann/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">during his annual State of the City address\u003c/a> on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has approximately 25,000 \"unsheltered\" homeless, living in vehicles, tents or in the open, according to the last tally in January 2017. Officials estimate there are nearly 43,000 unsheltered homeless countywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county estimates it needs more than 3,000 more shelter beds to be able to accommodate everyone — and finding sites for new shelters is a perpetual challenge. Neighborhoods simply don't want them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left the need in places like the San Fernando Valley and L.A.'s West Side quite high, said Matt Szabo, Garcetti's deputy chief of staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan to change that centers around a promise: For any neighborhood that houses one of these new shelters, the city will keep it clear of homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How the Plan Would Work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Garcetti is asking the City Council to appropriate about $1.3 million to each of L.A.'s 15 council districts to construct a temporary shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area around the shelter would then become a target zone for enforcement efforts by special LAPD Homeless Outreach and Proactive Engagement (HOPE) teams and Bureau of Sanitation workers who would keep the area clear of encampments. (HOPE teams partner law enforcement with service providers to do outreach and enforcement related to homelessness.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams from the L.A. Homeless Services Authority and L.A. County Department of Mental Health would conduct outreach in the neighborhood in the runup to the shelters' opening to get as many people into services and housing as possible, according to the mayor's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once the facilities are open, then those that remain in the encampments will be encouraged to move into the shelter,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his address, Garcetti said anyone who seeks help getting off the streets will get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1180x822.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-960x669.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-375x261.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-520x362.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti. \u003ccite>(Emma McIntyre/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some folks will only stay for a few weeks in our new shelters, where we can connect them to a job or a rapid-rehousing voucher. Once they’ve gotten back on their feet, we’ll be able to turn that bed over to someone else ... two, three, four times in a year,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other folks could be there for six months before they’re ready to move somewhere permanent. But everybody will get the help that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city would then determine and post a date by which homeless people would either have to move into the shelter or leave the neighborhood, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the enforcement begins, the encampment will be removed, and we will not allow for re-encampment in those targeted areas,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if the mayor is confident the plan complies with L.A.'s various settlement agreements regarding the rights of homeless people, Szabo said the mayor's office has been working with the L.A. City Attorney's Office on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details of how enforcement would work and what radius around the shelter would be an encampment-free zone is still under discussion, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fund enforcement, Garcetti is proposing a $29 million boost in homelessness spending related to city departments in the coming fiscal year, $17 million of which would go to the Bureau of Sanitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of LAPD officers paired with these teams (40 citywide) would remain the same as in the last fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD officers patrol on bicycles past a homeless man in downtown Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1200x756.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LAPD officers patrol on bicycles past a homeless man in downtown Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What Would These Shelters Look Like and Where Would They Be?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The proposed shelters are intended to be temporary, meaning lasting up to three years, and could take many forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're looking at tent structures, we're looking at trailers,\" Szabo said. \"There may be some instances where we use an existing building.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelters would be administered by the L.A. Homeless Services Authority, likely through contracts with community providers. Any on-site services would ideally be paid for by L.A. County, he said, adding that the city is in talks with the county to determine whether funds from Measure H, a new sales tax, could pay for services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simultaneously, the city has been working with the state to establish \"alternative minimum health and safety standards\" to apply to the temporary shelters, which would relieve the structures of some of the need to conform to building and fire safety codes, said Szabo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for such standards and any zoning changes and other red tape would be substantially reduced if the L.A. City Council enacts an emergency declaration regarding homelessness. The council is expected to take up such a declaration on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for siting, Szabo said no council district or neighborhood would be forced to open a shelter against the community's wishes. Neighborhood councils would be involved in locating sites. And the district's city council representative would still have the ability to nix any project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But should a council district not use its funds in short order, it would lose access to them, and to the promise of stepped-up encampment cleanups, Szabo noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money could potentially fund up to 100 beds in each council district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-800x498.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless woman stands in front of her tent near Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles on June 20, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-800x498.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1020x635.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1200x747.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1180x734.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-960x598.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-240x149.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-375x233.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless woman stands in front of her tent near Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles on June 20, 2017. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Wait, That's Nowhere Near Enough to Shelter L.A.'s Homeless\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The need is enormous. This is a start,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city, he said, is hoping for financial help from the state to expand the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti was recently in Sacramento to help lobby for the passage of AB 3171, a bill that would create $1.5 billion in block grants for localities to spend on addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, introduced by Assembly Member Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), is scheduled to go before the Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If AB 3171 becomes law, Szabo said Garcetti's plan could work as a model for rolling those funds out in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Nowhere Near Enough': Homeless Advocates Respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Andy Bales, CEO of the Union Rescue Mission, said Mayor Garcetti's proposal is a good first step, but that more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This plan] is nowhere near what I would hope for, nowhere near what the Urban Land Institute called for,\" he said. \"These are experts from all around the country who came and consulted with the leaders of Los Angeles, and it's nowhere near enough for people who are suffering on the streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Urban Land Institute recently recommended that L.A. build 60 shelters across the city, which would be four in each district, not one, Bales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, building shelters in more neighborhoods would be a positive change, he said, because it could be a step to help get more people into shelters and off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having a shelter in your own neighborhood to go to when you lose your housing rather than having to go to the mean streets of skid row, that would help immensely,\" Bales said. \"And wouldn't we as neighbors rather say yes to shelter and accountability and care, rather than saying no, not in my backyard? Yes to people being under a roof instead of leaving people on the streets to suffer?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, finding shelter sites has been a challenge around Southern California because many neighborhoods don't want them, so the opinions of residents across L.A. are a potential concern for Garcetti's new plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Ko, director of Homeless Initiatives for United Way of Greater Los Angeles, said his organization's polling shows that L.A. residents actually do support more shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think people understand that other solutions are just temporary and patchworks. People that we've spoken to, as long as they know that there's a plan and that there's something that is more holistic that will move people inside, that's what our residents are really asking for at the end of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea of a more holistic, permanent solution to homelessness is something that should be incorporated into this plan and the shelters being built, Ko said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to make sure is that every single bed constructed has a connection to permanent housing. We've started calling these solutions bridge housing because we want them to connect to the next step of exiting homelessness. Unless every bed has a connection to a permanent exit, they become bridges to nowhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ko said that means having enough permanent housing to accommodate everyone in shelters later moving to a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Eric Garcetti plans to spread $20 million worth of emergency shelters across the city while simultaneously beefing up resources traditionally responsible for clearing encampments.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/rina-palta\">Rina Palta\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Could the prospect of cleaner streets and sidewalks free of homeless encampments be enough to override L.A.'s history of NIMBYism?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the hope behind a new plan by L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti to spread $20 million worth of emergency homeless shelters across the city — and simultaneously beef up the Bureau of Sanitation resources traditionally responsible for clearing encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti unveiled the proposal \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/04/16/82323/la-mayor-s-state-of-the-city-address-live-with-ann/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">during his annual State of the City address\u003c/a> on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has approximately 25,000 \"unsheltered\" homeless, living in vehicles, tents or in the open, according to the last tally in January 2017. Officials estimate there are nearly 43,000 unsheltered homeless countywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county estimates it needs more than 3,000 more shelter beds to be able to accommodate everyone — and finding sites for new shelters is a perpetual challenge. Neighborhoods simply don't want them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left the need in places like the San Fernando Valley and L.A.'s West Side quite high, said Matt Szabo, Garcetti's deputy chief of staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan to change that centers around a promise: For any neighborhood that houses one of these new shelters, the city will keep it clear of homeless encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How the Plan Would Work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Garcetti is asking the City Council to appropriate about $1.3 million to each of L.A.'s 15 council districts to construct a temporary shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area around the shelter would then become a target zone for enforcement efforts by special LAPD Homeless Outreach and Proactive Engagement (HOPE) teams and Bureau of Sanitation workers who would keep the area clear of encampments. (HOPE teams partner law enforcement with service providers to do outreach and enforcement related to homelessness.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams from the L.A. Homeless Services Authority and L.A. County Department of Mental Health would conduct outreach in the neighborhood in the runup to the shelters' opening to get as many people into services and housing as possible, according to the mayor's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once the facilities are open, then those that remain in the encampments will be encouraged to move into the shelter,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his address, Garcetti said anyone who seeks help getting off the streets will get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-1180x822.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-960x669.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-375x261.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Garcetti-520x362.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti. \u003ccite>(Emma McIntyre/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some folks will only stay for a few weeks in our new shelters, where we can connect them to a job or a rapid-rehousing voucher. Once they’ve gotten back on their feet, we’ll be able to turn that bed over to someone else ... two, three, four times in a year,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other folks could be there for six months before they’re ready to move somewhere permanent. But everybody will get the help that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city would then determine and post a date by which homeless people would either have to move into the shelter or leave the neighborhood, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the enforcement begins, the encampment will be removed, and we will not allow for re-encampment in those targeted areas,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if the mayor is confident the plan complies with L.A.'s various settlement agreements regarding the rights of homeless people, Szabo said the mayor's office has been working with the L.A. City Attorney's Office on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details of how enforcement would work and what radius around the shelter would be an encampment-free zone is still under discussion, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fund enforcement, Garcetti is proposing a $29 million boost in homelessness spending related to city departments in the coming fiscal year, $17 million of which would go to the Bureau of Sanitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of LAPD officers paired with these teams (40 citywide) would remain the same as in the last fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD officers patrol on bicycles past a homeless man in downtown Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1200x756.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-960x605.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-240x151.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-375x236.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PoliceRidePast-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LAPD officers patrol on bicycles past a homeless man in downtown Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What Would These Shelters Look Like and Where Would They Be?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The proposed shelters are intended to be temporary, meaning lasting up to three years, and could take many forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're looking at tent structures, we're looking at trailers,\" Szabo said. \"There may be some instances where we use an existing building.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelters would be administered by the L.A. Homeless Services Authority, likely through contracts with community providers. Any on-site services would ideally be paid for by L.A. County, he said, adding that the city is in talks with the county to determine whether funds from Measure H, a new sales tax, could pay for services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simultaneously, the city has been working with the state to establish \"alternative minimum health and safety standards\" to apply to the temporary shelters, which would relieve the structures of some of the need to conform to building and fire safety codes, said Szabo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for such standards and any zoning changes and other red tape would be substantially reduced if the L.A. City Council enacts an emergency declaration regarding homelessness. The council is expected to take up such a declaration on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for siting, Szabo said no council district or neighborhood would be forced to open a shelter against the community's wishes. Neighborhood councils would be involved in locating sites. And the district's city council representative would still have the ability to nix any project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But should a council district not use its funds in short order, it would lose access to them, and to the promise of stepped-up encampment cleanups, Szabo noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money could potentially fund up to 100 beds in each council district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11662867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-800x498.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless woman stands in front of her tent near Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles on June 20, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-800x498.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1020x635.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1200x747.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-1180x734.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-960x598.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-240x149.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-375x233.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/LAHomeless-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless woman stands in front of her tent near Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles on June 20, 2017. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Wait, That's Nowhere Near Enough to Shelter L.A.'s Homeless\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The need is enormous. This is a start,\" Szabo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city, he said, is hoping for financial help from the state to expand the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti was recently in Sacramento to help lobby for the passage of AB 3171, a bill that would create $1.5 billion in block grants for localities to spend on addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, introduced by Assembly Member Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), is scheduled to go before the Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If AB 3171 becomes law, Szabo said Garcetti's plan could work as a model for rolling those funds out in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Nowhere Near Enough': Homeless Advocates Respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Andy Bales, CEO of the Union Rescue Mission, said Mayor Garcetti's proposal is a good first step, but that more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This plan] is nowhere near what I would hope for, nowhere near what the Urban Land Institute called for,\" he said. \"These are experts from all around the country who came and consulted with the leaders of Los Angeles, and it's nowhere near enough for people who are suffering on the streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Urban Land Institute recently recommended that L.A. build 60 shelters across the city, which would be four in each district, not one, Bales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, building shelters in more neighborhoods would be a positive change, he said, because it could be a step to help get more people into shelters and off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having a shelter in your own neighborhood to go to when you lose your housing rather than having to go to the mean streets of skid row, that would help immensely,\" Bales said. \"And wouldn't we as neighbors rather say yes to shelter and accountability and care, rather than saying no, not in my backyard? Yes to people being under a roof instead of leaving people on the streets to suffer?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, finding shelter sites has been a challenge around Southern California because many neighborhoods don't want them, so the opinions of residents across L.A. are a potential concern for Garcetti's new plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Ko, director of Homeless Initiatives for United Way of Greater Los Angeles, said his organization's polling shows that L.A. residents actually do support more shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think people understand that other solutions are just temporary and patchworks. People that we've spoken to, as long as they know that there's a plan and that there's something that is more holistic that will move people inside, that's what our residents are really asking for at the end of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea of a more holistic, permanent solution to homelessness is something that should be incorporated into this plan and the shelters being built, Ko said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we need to make sure is that every single bed constructed has a connection to permanent housing. We've started calling these solutions bridge housing because we want them to connect to the next step of exiting homelessness. Unless every bed has a connection to a permanent exit, they become bridges to nowhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ko said that means having enough permanent housing to accommodate everyone in shelters later moving to a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Housing Crisis: Working But on the Brink of Homelessness",
"title": "California's Housing Crisis: Working But on the Brink of Homelessness",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Family photos, Bible verse decals and wedding mementos adorn Jimmy Mejia and Patty Garrido's living room walls. Despite their efforts, the decorations can't mask the unpatched holes in the ceiling and the roaches that crawl around their kitchen. In one corner, there's a hole where the sheetrock caved in after a recent storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The heater doesn't work, so in the winter it's really hard. It gets really cold here,\" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/601970552/602864490\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia and Garrido have four daughters and a fifth on the way. They both work full time as assistant managers of a local pizza chain and pay $1,600 a month to rent their cramped three-bedroom apartment just blocks from the University of Southern California campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After living in these conditions for the past four years, they found out in late 2017 that the building was sold and all the tenants were getting evicted. Mejia and Garrido have been frantically searching for new housing in Los Angeles ever since, a difficult task in a city where neighborhoods are exploding with gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662583\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jimmy Mejia and Patty Garrido's South Los Angeles apartment building was sold in late 2017. The new owners are going to redevelop the property and all the tenants are being evicted. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Everything is so expensive,\" Garrido said. \"We saw a house, it was only three bedrooms, and it was $3,800.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mejia and Garrido considered moving 60 to 70 miles outside the city where the housing is cheaper, their commute would take hours and they have only one car. Plus, it's not easy leaving a place that's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our church, we have our family, school, my daughter has been in the same area since pre-K,\" Garrido said. \"She's doing pretty good, she's in honors classes, so I don't want to move her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia and Garrido know they're living right on the brink of homelessness, even though they're both employed and can afford to pay their bills and make rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we going to have to stay in our car for a few days? Are we going to have to get a hotel? I mean, we don't know,\" Garrido said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662584\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662584\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patty Garrido worries about where her family's going to sleep if they lose their eviction case in court. \u003ccite>(Linda Wang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their crisis is not unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, 600,000 people are considered \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/jchs.harvard.edu/files/harvard_jchs_state_of_the_nations_housing_2017_chap6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severely rent burdened\u003c/a>,\" which means they spend half their income on rent. More than 8,000 people became homeless here for the first time last year, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lahsa.org/documents?id=1915-2017-homeless-count-full-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017 Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are reaching levels of inequality that we have not seen since the Gilded Age,\" said Tracy Rosenthal of the Los Angeles Tenants Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union helps organize tenant boycotts against things like rent increases and gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal says it's time for the government to intervene with a heavy hand. People working full-time jobs are being put out on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Zillow\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/rents-larger-homeless-population-16124/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study\u003c/a> showed that for every 5 percent increase in rent in Los Angeles, nearly 2,000 people could become homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a shortage of fairness, not a shortage of homes,\" Rosenthal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many housing advocates say the quickest fix is rent control, but \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&division=3.&title=5.&part=4.&chapter=2.7.&article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> puts tight restrictions on a local city's ability to implement it. Los Angeles has \u003ca href=\"http://hcidla.lacity.org/RSO-Overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rent control\u003c/a> but only on certain units built before 1978.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rent control has long been a touchy political topic in California, where developers are seen as having considerable clout from Sacramento to L.A. City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to know California right now, this will make or break this state,\" said Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti during an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the city needs more housing for all income levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti says that how California's housing crisis is handled will make or break the state. \u003ccite>(Charlie Neibergall/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't solve our affordable housing crisis, at the bottom end, this homelessness epidemic will continue. At the top end, the middle class will leave,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti says reforms are happening, however, after years of political gridlock and budget fights. Voters recently approved a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-measure-h-final-recap-20170317-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sales tax hike\u003c/a> to build more housing and support programs to get people off the streets. There's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-linkage-fee-city-council-20171212-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new fee on developers\u003c/a> to pay for new low-income housing for people at risk of being homeless. The city has also launched an \u003ca href=\"https://www.lamayor.org/mayor-garcetti-launches-campaign-protect-angelenos-living-rent-stabilized-housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outreach campaign\u003c/a> where workers go door to door to ensure that tenants facing eviction know their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've never had what we have right now,\" Garcetti said. \"I've never been more depressed walking the street just as an everyday Angeleno, and more optimistic as a policymaker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, these changes likely won't do much for Mejia and Garrido's family right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of miles south of City Hall, Mejia is starting his shift as an evening manager at Blaze Pizza, next to the USC campus. It's not lost on him that some of his customers are the more affluent students who are driving up demand for better housing in this once blighted part of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant is only about a mile from his apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662587\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jimmy Mejia works 50 hours a week as an assistant manager at Blaze Pizza. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mejia is stressed and has been losing sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't try to cry in front of my wife, but emotionally it's hard for me, very hard,\" Mejia said, as his eyes swelled up with tears. \"I know she cries too, I know she does, but we try not to do it in front of the kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, all they can do is focus on fighting their pending eviction in court. They have a date set for early next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In expensive West Coast cities like Los Angeles, a growing number of working people live on the margins -- one crisis away from being on the streets due to soaring rents and housing prices.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Family photos, Bible verse decals and wedding mementos adorn Jimmy Mejia and Patty Garrido's living room walls. Despite their efforts, the decorations can't mask the unpatched holes in the ceiling and the roaches that crawl around their kitchen. In one corner, there's a hole where the sheetrock caved in after a recent storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The heater doesn't work, so in the winter it's really hard. It gets really cold here,\" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/601970552/602864490\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia and Garrido have four daughters and a fifth on the way. They both work full time as assistant managers of a local pizza chain and pay $1,600 a month to rent their cramped three-bedroom apartment just blocks from the University of Southern California campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After living in these conditions for the past four years, they found out in late 2017 that the building was sold and all the tenants were getting evicted. Mejia and Garrido have been frantically searching for new housing in Los Angeles ever since, a difficult task in a city where neighborhoods are exploding with gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662583\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-one_wide-472ccedc3279a5d7e94528152c3560cd28ada8de-s800-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jimmy Mejia and Patty Garrido's South Los Angeles apartment building was sold in late 2017. The new owners are going to redevelop the property and all the tenants are being evicted. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Everything is so expensive,\" Garrido said. \"We saw a house, it was only three bedrooms, and it was $3,800.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mejia and Garrido considered moving 60 to 70 miles outside the city where the housing is cheaper, their commute would take hours and they have only one car. Plus, it's not easy leaving a place that's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our church, we have our family, school, my daughter has been in the same area since pre-K,\" Garrido said. \"She's doing pretty good, she's in honors classes, so I don't want to move her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia and Garrido know they're living right on the brink of homelessness, even though they're both employed and can afford to pay their bills and make rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we going to have to stay in our car for a few days? Are we going to have to get a hotel? I mean, we don't know,\" Garrido said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662584\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662584\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/jimmypattyoutsideapt-dfae6801d7a8321446e0634c9a2d9790fb383edb-s800-c85-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patty Garrido worries about where her family's going to sleep if they lose their eviction case in court. \u003ccite>(Linda Wang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their crisis is not unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, 600,000 people are considered \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/jchs.harvard.edu/files/harvard_jchs_state_of_the_nations_housing_2017_chap6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severely rent burdened\u003c/a>,\" which means they spend half their income on rent. More than 8,000 people became homeless here for the first time last year, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lahsa.org/documents?id=1915-2017-homeless-count-full-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017 Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are reaching levels of inequality that we have not seen since the Gilded Age,\" said Tracy Rosenthal of the Los Angeles Tenants Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union helps organize tenant boycotts against things like rent increases and gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal says it's time for the government to intervene with a heavy hand. People working full-time jobs are being put out on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Zillow\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/rents-larger-homeless-population-16124/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study\u003c/a> showed that for every 5 percent increase in rent in Los Angeles, nearly 2,000 people could become homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a shortage of fairness, not a shortage of homes,\" Rosenthal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many housing advocates say the quickest fix is rent control, but \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&division=3.&title=5.&part=4.&chapter=2.7.&article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> puts tight restrictions on a local city's ability to implement it. Los Angeles has \u003ca href=\"http://hcidla.lacity.org/RSO-Overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rent control\u003c/a> but only on certain units built before 1978.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rent control has long been a touchy political topic in California, where developers are seen as having considerable clout from Sacramento to L.A. City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to know California right now, this will make or break this state,\" said Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti during an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the city needs more housing for all income levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ap_18103811476707_wide-8d5823fda9db693fec4355486fe04f819e2e2652-s800-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti says that how California's housing crisis is handled will make or break the state. \u003ccite>(Charlie Neibergall/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't solve our affordable housing crisis, at the bottom end, this homelessness epidemic will continue. At the top end, the middle class will leave,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti says reforms are happening, however, after years of political gridlock and budget fights. Voters recently approved a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-measure-h-final-recap-20170317-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sales tax hike\u003c/a> to build more housing and support programs to get people off the streets. There's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-linkage-fee-city-council-20171212-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new fee on developers\u003c/a> to pay for new low-income housing for people at risk of being homeless. The city has also launched an \u003ca href=\"https://www.lamayor.org/mayor-garcetti-launches-campaign-protect-angelenos-living-rent-stabilized-housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outreach campaign\u003c/a> where workers go door to door to ensure that tenants facing eviction know their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've never had what we have right now,\" Garcetti said. \"I've never been more depressed walking the street just as an everyday Angeleno, and more optimistic as a policymaker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, these changes likely won't do much for Mejia and Garrido's family right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of miles south of City Hall, Mejia is starting his shift as an evening manager at Blaze Pizza, next to the USC campus. It's not lost on him that some of his customers are the more affluent students who are driving up demand for better housing in this once blighted part of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant is only about a mile from his apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662587\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/siegler-seven-0cfc750f9ad37973403bc4768acf43f64e40af2d-s800-c85-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jimmy Mejia works 50 hours a week as an assistant manager at Blaze Pizza. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mejia is stressed and has been losing sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't try to cry in front of my wife, but emotionally it's hard for me, very hard,\" Mejia said, as his eyes swelled up with tears. \"I know she cries too, I know she does, but we try not to do it in front of the kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, all they can do is focus on fighting their pending eviction in court. They have a date set for early next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Los Angeles County to Pay Homeowners to House Homeless in Their Backyards",
"title": "Los Angeles County to Pay Homeowners to House Homeless in Their Backyards",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an attempt to alleviate the soaring homelessness problem in Los Angeles County, officials want to pay homeowners to house people by building new living units or bringing existing dwellings up to code if they are in violation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of a $550,000 \u003ca href=\"http://planning.lacounty.gov/secondunitpilot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pilot program\u003c/a> launched by the L.A. Community Development Commission to explore new ways to safely, and at a relatively low cost, provide housing options for a handful of the county's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/31/72340/homeless-population-in-la-county-jumps-23-percent/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 60,000 homeless residents\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county Board of Supervisors has narrowed down the pool of applicants from 500 to 27 and is in the final stages of selecting a group of six property owners who are ready and willing to start construction in the fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-homeless-tiny-house-20180411-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">according\u003c/a> to the Los Angeles Times. The county is also leading a design competition for model secondary dwelling units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials will consider whether to expand the program after 18 months. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority found the number of homeless people increased by 23 percent in 2017 to 57,794. It estimates there are approximately 35,000 homeless residents in the city of Los Angeles on any given night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are looking at what they can do to make our neighborhoods more affordable and help more Angelenos find stable places to live,\" L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti told the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti has been urging property owners to build secondary units, or \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/12/25/79179/la-embracing-granny-flats-more-than-anywhere-else/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">granny flats\u003c/a>\" as they're often called, in their backyards for years. He estimated it could create 50,000 more units if only 10 percent of homeowners would take on the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2018/04/12/62569/la-has-a-pilot-program-to-house-homeless-in-backya/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported \u003c/a>on a few of the program's details: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Up to a $75,000 loan for constructing a new unit, and up to $50,000 for converting an existing structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The interest stops accruing after five years in the program, and the loan is forgiven after 10 years. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[The commission] expects groundbreakings this fall and early next year, with tenants moving in by summer of 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Times also reported \"the loan principal will be reduced each year the unit is occupied by a formerly homeless person and forgiven after 10 years, at which point the homeowners can do as they wish with the housing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program seeks to take advantage of changes in state legislation that have eased local building laws and new city rules aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://la.curbed.com/2018/4/11/17225282/homeless-housing-rules-los-angeles-motels\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">accelerating the construction of affordable housing\u003c/a>, reported Curbed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners would also receive rental income provided through Section 8 or other county housing vouchers, Monique King-Viehland, executive director of the county commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2018/04/12/62569/la-has-a-pilot-program-to-house-homeless-in-backya/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told \u003c/a>KPCC. And landlords have the final on say on potential tenants, though all candidates will be screened by the commission and receive social services, reported the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles is only the latest county trying to take on the nation's homelessness crisis by inducing property owners to provide affordable housing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multnomah County in Oregon started a \u003ca href=\"https://multco.us/multnomah-county/news/everything-there-know-now-about-place-you-granny-flats-project\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">similar project\u003c/a> last summer where four homeowners agreed to have a small unit built on their lot and pledged to provide housing for pre-screened homeless candidates for at least five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While city officials say that L.A.'s easing of regulations can help mitigate the housing shortage, not everyone is on board. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time you add people to a neighborhood, you add a need for city services and a need for parking and all the things that come with added density,\" Elizabeth Pollock, president of the Del Rey Residents Association told the Times. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants the city to crack down and told the newspaper, \"she doesn't expect the backyard homes going up near her to help the affordability crisis, because they probably will fetch top dollar in the increasingly expensive Westside neighborhood coveted by tech company employees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 500 property owners applied to receive generous loans to build new units or legalize existing dwellings for the homeless. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an attempt to alleviate the soaring homelessness problem in Los Angeles County, officials want to pay homeowners to house people by building new living units or bringing existing dwellings up to code if they are in violation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of a $550,000 \u003ca href=\"http://planning.lacounty.gov/secondunitpilot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pilot program\u003c/a> launched by the L.A. Community Development Commission to explore new ways to safely, and at a relatively low cost, provide housing options for a handful of the county's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/31/72340/homeless-population-in-la-county-jumps-23-percent/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 60,000 homeless residents\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county Board of Supervisors has narrowed down the pool of applicants from 500 to 27 and is in the final stages of selecting a group of six property owners who are ready and willing to start construction in the fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-homeless-tiny-house-20180411-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">according\u003c/a> to the Los Angeles Times. The county is also leading a design competition for model secondary dwelling units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials will consider whether to expand the program after 18 months. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority found the number of homeless people increased by 23 percent in 2017 to 57,794. It estimates there are approximately 35,000 homeless residents in the city of Los Angeles on any given night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are looking at what they can do to make our neighborhoods more affordable and help more Angelenos find stable places to live,\" L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti told the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti has been urging property owners to build secondary units, or \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/12/25/79179/la-embracing-granny-flats-more-than-anywhere-else/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">granny flats\u003c/a>\" as they're often called, in their backyards for years. He estimated it could create 50,000 more units if only 10 percent of homeowners would take on the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2018/04/12/62569/la-has-a-pilot-program-to-house-homeless-in-backya/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported \u003c/a>on a few of the program's details: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Up to a $75,000 loan for constructing a new unit, and up to $50,000 for converting an existing structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The interest stops accruing after five years in the program, and the loan is forgiven after 10 years. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[The commission] expects groundbreakings this fall and early next year, with tenants moving in by summer of 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Times also reported \"the loan principal will be reduced each year the unit is occupied by a formerly homeless person and forgiven after 10 years, at which point the homeowners can do as they wish with the housing.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program seeks to take advantage of changes in state legislation that have eased local building laws and new city rules aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://la.curbed.com/2018/4/11/17225282/homeless-housing-rules-los-angeles-motels\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">accelerating the construction of affordable housing\u003c/a>, reported Curbed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners would also receive rental income provided through Section 8 or other county housing vouchers, Monique King-Viehland, executive director of the county commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2018/04/12/62569/la-has-a-pilot-program-to-house-homeless-in-backya/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told \u003c/a>KPCC. And landlords have the final on say on potential tenants, though all candidates will be screened by the commission and receive social services, reported the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles is only the latest county trying to take on the nation's homelessness crisis by inducing property owners to provide affordable housing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multnomah County in Oregon started a \u003ca href=\"https://multco.us/multnomah-county/news/everything-there-know-now-about-place-you-granny-flats-project\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">similar project\u003c/a> last summer where four homeowners agreed to have a small unit built on their lot and pledged to provide housing for pre-screened homeless candidates for at least five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While city officials say that L.A.'s easing of regulations can help mitigate the housing shortage, not everyone is on board. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time you add people to a neighborhood, you add a need for city services and a need for parking and all the things that come with added density,\" Elizabeth Pollock, president of the Del Rey Residents Association told the Times. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants the city to crack down and told the newspaper, \"she doesn't expect the backyard homes going up near her to help the affordability crisis, because they probably will fetch top dollar in the increasingly expensive Westside neighborhood coveted by tech company employees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates",
"title": "LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Starting next year, Los Angeles Unified School District officials will consider asthma rates and injuries from gun violence in neighborhoods near its campuses to help decide which district schools are most in need of extra funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are among nearly a dozen new factors L.A. Unified officials will use to rank schools by their level of student need. Among the new metrics: graduation rates, test scores, how many fights a school sees and even how well incoming students fared academically in their old schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. Unified School Board voted unanimously Tuesday night to add these factors and others to its Student Equity Needs Index (SENI), a formula it has used to divvy up a relatively small portion of its overall budget to around 780 schools across the district since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten index — \"SENI 2.0,\" as its backers called it — still takes into account whether a school serves high numbers of low-income students, foster youth and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three groups of students all generate extra funding for L.A. Unified under California's school funding law — and that law nominally requires districts to use that extra funding to pay for new services for those students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of L.A. Unified students fit into at least one of these three groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activist groups — most of them from South and East L.A. — have sought a rewrite to the district's formula, saying L.A. Unified officials need to meaningfully differentiate needy schools from the needi\u003cem>est\u003c/em> schools, and target funding to those schools more carefully. (One group even \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/06/06/61320/state-l-a-unified-shortchanging-funding-for-high-n/\">sued\u003c/a> the district over concerns the neediest students were being shortchanged; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/09/14/75626/lausd-settles-legal-case-that-cut-to-the-core-of-h/\">the case was recently settled\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the desire to include new metrics that might illustrate more vividly the level of student need in a school — such as measures of asthma cases and gun injuries in neighborhoods \u003cem>around\u003c/em> the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ve consistently found,\" said John Kim, executive director of the Advancement Project of California, \"that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 student and parent supporters from organizing groups like Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. packed the meeting, waving signs and pounding drums just outside, urging board members to proceed with the rewrite.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’ve consistently found that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.'\u003ccite>John Kim, Advancement Project of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's just really dope,\" said Edna Chavez, a senior at Manual Arts High School, who emerged exuberant from Tuesday's meeting. Chavez is also a student leader in the Community Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was really important,\" Chavez added, \"not only for me, but for my peers and for many students across LAUSD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the sea of SENI 2.0 supporters, another group of more skeptical parents held firm. They contend that within L.A. Unified — a district in which nearly nine out of every 10 students qualifies as low-income — it's not possible to take funds away from even a relatively well-off school without harming services for needy students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Greene, a former chair of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee, said the last time that group studied a similar proposal, \"there were concerns about robbing Peter to pay Paul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the issue, again, of adequacy,\" added Greene, referring to California's near-worst-in-the-nation levels of per-pupil funding. \"If the energy that you’re about to hear would also be redirected toward a [\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article198755304.html\">proposed increase in commercial property taxes\u003c/a>], we would be talking about something real. Instead, what we’re talking about is shifting deck chairs while we try to maneuver away from icebergs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on Tuesday, April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to re-write the district's "Student Equity Needs Index."\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-520x359.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to rewrite the district's Student Equity Needs Index. \u003ccite>(Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents also objected to the timing of the board's vote. Initially, the board was supposed to vote on the index in May. But at 4:45 p.m. Monday afternoon, the L.A. Unified board posted notice that it would vote on the new equity index 24 hours later. Even supporters deeply involved in the process were surprised. On a press call just after 5:30 p.m. Monday, supporters expressed surprise to learn the item had been scheduled for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very surreptitious way of doing business whereby you trying to hide from something perhaps you don’t want us to know,\" said Roberto Fonseca, a member of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activist groups can't walk away completely satisfied either. As much as they wanted a rewritten Student Needs Equity Index, they also wanted to push the L.A. Unified board to put more money behind that index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, L.A. Unified officials say they distribute more than $240 million based on its old Student Equity Needs Index. (One report from the Partnership for L.A. Schools suggests \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipla.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/StudentNeedIndex_18_final.pdf\">the amount linked to that index is actually much less\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, school board president Mónica García proposed bringing in SENI 2.0 with a big budget splash, committing another $100 million in new funding for its rollout next school year — and yet another $300 million in new funding the year after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other board members balked at that high investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a flurry of last-minute amendments, the L.A. Unified board decided to scrounge up only $25 million in 2018-19 based on SENI 2.0 metrics like asthma rates, gunshot injuries and test scores. The rest of the money will be distributed to schools based on the old index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, in the year after next, SENI 2.0 would be used to divide up a larger pot of money — about $263 million in 2019-20, according to chief financial officer Scott Price — but in total, still not much more than the district says it currently distributes based on the index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm Mónica García — I always want more,\" the board member said lightheartedly after the meeting. \"And yes, we could've done more, but it was so important to move. ... It's a first step in correcting or addressing the absence of an equity needs index systemwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified officials argue that, in terms of the amount of funds the district has discretion in spending, the equity index is a significant program. It accounts for roughly one-fifth of the $1.1 billion in \"supplemental and concentration\" funds from the state -- funds the district has the greatest flexibility in spending to benefit high-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, UC Berkeley professor Bruce Fuller — who has collaborated with some of the activist groups in the past — noted the district's overall budget stands at more than $7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bottom-line,\" Fuller wrote in an email Tuesday morning, the new index \"could boost the district's progress in raising achievement in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. But it would still apply to a tiny fraction of the district's overall budget.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It’s an attempt by L.A. Unified to use metrics that more vividly illustrate the level of student need in a given school, in order to target funding more carefully.",
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"headline": "LAUSD Will Base Some School Spending on Neighborhood Shootings, Asthma Rates",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/kyle-stokes\">Kyle Stokes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Starting next year, Los Angeles Unified School District officials will consider asthma rates and injuries from gun violence in neighborhoods near its campuses to help decide which district schools are most in need of extra funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are among nearly a dozen new factors L.A. Unified officials will use to rank schools by their level of student need. Among the new metrics: graduation rates, test scores, how many fights a school sees and even how well incoming students fared academically in their old schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. Unified School Board voted unanimously Tuesday night to add these factors and others to its Student Equity Needs Index (SENI), a formula it has used to divvy up a relatively small portion of its overall budget to around 780 schools across the district since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rewritten index — \"SENI 2.0,\" as its backers called it — still takes into account whether a school serves high numbers of low-income students, foster youth and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three groups of students all generate extra funding for L.A. Unified under California's school funding law — and that law nominally requires districts to use that extra funding to pay for new services for those students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of L.A. Unified students fit into at least one of these three groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activist groups — most of them from South and East L.A. — have sought a rewrite to the district's formula, saying L.A. Unified officials need to meaningfully differentiate needy schools from the needi\u003cem>est\u003c/em> schools, and target funding to those schools more carefully. (One group even \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/06/06/61320/state-l-a-unified-shortchanging-funding-for-high-n/\">sued\u003c/a> the district over concerns the neediest students were being shortchanged; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/09/14/75626/lausd-settles-legal-case-that-cut-to-the-core-of-h/\">the case was recently settled\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the desire to include new metrics that might illustrate more vividly the level of student need in a school — such as measures of asthma cases and gun injuries in neighborhoods \u003cem>around\u003c/em> the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ve consistently found,\" said John Kim, executive director of the Advancement Project of California, \"that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 student and parent supporters from organizing groups like Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. packed the meeting, waving signs and pounding drums just outside, urging board members to proceed with the rewrite.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’ve consistently found that asthma severity and non-fatal gunshot injuries are the best proxy predictors for additional trauma and additional health burdens that these students face.'\u003ccite>John Kim, Advancement Project of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's just really dope,\" said Edna Chavez, a senior at Manual Arts High School, who emerged exuberant from Tuesday's meeting. Chavez is also a student leader in the Community Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was really important,\" Chavez added, \"not only for me, but for my peers and for many students across LAUSD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the sea of SENI 2.0 supporters, another group of more skeptical parents held firm. They contend that within L.A. Unified — a district in which nearly nine out of every 10 students qualifies as low-income — it's not possible to take funds away from even a relatively well-off school without harming services for needy students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Greene, a former chair of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee, said the last time that group studied a similar proposal, \"there were concerns about robbing Peter to pay Paul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the issue, again, of adequacy,\" added Greene, referring to California's near-worst-in-the-nation levels of per-pupil funding. \"If the energy that you’re about to hear would also be redirected toward a [\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article198755304.html\">proposed increase in commercial property taxes\u003c/a>], we would be talking about something real. Instead, what we’re talking about is shifting deck chairs while we try to maneuver away from icebergs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on Tuesday, April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to re-write the district's "Student Equity Needs Index."\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia-520x359.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MonicaGarcia.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Unified School Board President Mónica García addresses a crowd of students and parents from Inner City Struggle and the Community Coalition of South L.A. The group gathered on April 10, 2018, to support García's resolution to rewrite the district's Student Equity Needs Index. \u003ccite>(Kyle Stokes/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parents also objected to the timing of the board's vote. Initially, the board was supposed to vote on the index in May. But at 4:45 p.m. Monday afternoon, the L.A. Unified board posted notice that it would vote on the new equity index 24 hours later. Even supporters deeply involved in the process were surprised. On a press call just after 5:30 p.m. Monday, supporters expressed surprise to learn the item had been scheduled for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very surreptitious way of doing business whereby you trying to hide from something perhaps you don’t want us to know,\" said Roberto Fonseca, a member of L.A. Unified's Parent Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activist groups can't walk away completely satisfied either. As much as they wanted a rewritten Student Needs Equity Index, they also wanted to push the L.A. Unified board to put more money behind that index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, L.A. Unified officials say they distribute more than $240 million based on its old Student Equity Needs Index. (One report from the Partnership for L.A. Schools suggests \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipla.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/StudentNeedIndex_18_final.pdf\">the amount linked to that index is actually much less\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, school board president Mónica García proposed bringing in SENI 2.0 with a big budget splash, committing another $100 million in new funding for its rollout next school year — and yet another $300 million in new funding the year after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other board members balked at that high investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a flurry of last-minute amendments, the L.A. Unified board decided to scrounge up only $25 million in 2018-19 based on SENI 2.0 metrics like asthma rates, gunshot injuries and test scores. The rest of the money will be distributed to schools based on the old index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, in the year after next, SENI 2.0 would be used to divide up a larger pot of money — about $263 million in 2019-20, according to chief financial officer Scott Price — but in total, still not much more than the district says it currently distributes based on the index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm Mónica García — I always want more,\" the board member said lightheartedly after the meeting. \"And yes, we could've done more, but it was so important to move. ... It's a first step in correcting or addressing the absence of an equity needs index systemwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified officials argue that, in terms of the amount of funds the district has discretion in spending, the equity index is a significant program. It accounts for roughly one-fifth of the $1.1 billion in \"supplemental and concentration\" funds from the state -- funds the district has the greatest flexibility in spending to benefit high-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, UC Berkeley professor Bruce Fuller — who has collaborated with some of the activist groups in the past — noted the district's overall budget stands at more than $7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bottom-line,\" Fuller wrote in an email Tuesday morning, the new index \"could boost the district's progress in raising achievement in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. But it would still apply to a tiny fraction of the district's overall budget.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "when-a-job-becomes-a-friendship-caregivers-keep-seniors-happy-and-healthy",
"title": "When a Job Becomes a Friendship: Caregivers Keep Seniors Happy and Healthy",
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"headTitle": "When a Job Becomes a Friendship: Caregivers Keep Seniors Happy and Healthy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>María Martínez is the main caregiver for Agripina Castellanos, who turns 100 years old this June. Castellanos lives in Los Angeles, and she’s one of the elders of Angelus Plaza, the nation’s largest affordable senior housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also one of a growing number of older adults living in the U.S. By 2020, there will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2016/03/07/the-caregiving-boom-where-the-job-opportunities-are/#e182bc05cfa4\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">98 million people in the country over 65 years of age\u003c/a>, which means that caregivers like María will become more important than ever. Caregivers help allow seniors to stay in their homes — and in most cases, caregivers also provide something simple, yet vital: friendship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day, Maria arrives at Agripina’s apartment at about 8:00 a.m. The two ladies sit and chat over breakfast, and then María helps Agripina take a shower and get dressed. Until recently, Agripina used to be able to tie her own shoes, but now María must help her with those, too. Same for cleaning the apartment and shopping for food. In a nutshell, María’s help is making it possible for Agripina to fend for herself as much as possible while she stays in her longtime home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her, ‘If you go to one of these retirement communities, they’ll keep you in a wheelchair, and you’ll go from there to your bed,'” says María. “Instead, you’re here in your own home, for as long as you want and for as long as you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agripina loves her independence and her rituals. On Fridays, she goes to the hair salon for a trim and a blowout with María by her side, who helps her push her walker toward the stylist’s chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two ladies, both from Mexico, have been together now for 10 years. Yet Maria wasn’t trained for caregiving; she learned it by doing it on the job. Until she was in her mid-40s, María had been a traditional, stay-at-home housewife who raised four kids. She’d never had a paid job. Agripina has never married and has no kids. Her longtime companion, her twin sister, passed away long ago. At first, the two of them struggled to find common ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She used to have a really tough personality,” says María of her client. “But little by little, she has changed. When I first started working with her, I was really afraid. When you went into her apartment, before anything, you had to go wash your hands. She’s always been extremely clean. Now, I know what she likes, how she likes to carry herself. I try to keep her home clean, but she’s also not as rigid as she was before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"María Martínez helps Agripina Castellanos make her way home in her walker. Every week, she’s by her side for eight hours a day by cooking, cleaning, and managing her social life.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11656682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">María Martínez helps Agripina Castellanos make her way home in her walker. Every week, she’s by her side for eight hours a day by cooking, cleaning, and managing her social life.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Roberto (Bear) Guerra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With time, Agripina has become more easygoing and María has learned to accept Agripina’s quirks. In a way, their relationship has evolved into something that resembles the closeness between a mother and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single day she is at home with me,” says Agripina as she waits for María to finish preparing lunch in her kitchen. “She goes home when her shift is due until the next day. But I am always confident that I’ll see her the next day, even if she’s late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mcmasteroptimalaging.org/blog/detail/professionals-blog/2016/04/08/loneliness-and-social-isolation-are-important-health-risks-in-the-elderly\">Researchers say\u003c/a> older adults are at an increased risk of being lonely. By the time people reach their 80s, the majority of them live on their own, like Agripina does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a long-term risk factor, loneliness ranks alongside obesity and alcohol abuse. According to a study from Brigham Young University, social isolation is just as likely to predict an early death as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the opposite is also true: companionship leads to better physical health and longer lives, and caregiving in particular can have far-reaching \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691614568352?journalCode=ppsa\">benefits\u003c/a> for seniors, by fending off depression and chronic health conditions such as heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>María makes $11 an hour as a caregiver — that’s only 50 cents more an hour than the minimum wage in Los Angeles — barely a livable wage. She works eight hours a day, from Monday through Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her husband died of a stroke last year, María realized that she needed a new sense of purpose, and she needed to find ways to get out of the house and stay active. So she made the decision to work longer, and she’s happy to spend more time in Agripina’s company than she gets paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live relatively close to her, and every morning and every evening I give her a call,” María says. “If she doesn’t answer in the evening, I just come on over immediately. Because I wonder, what if she fell down? What if the phone isn’t working? Sometimes at 9 or 10 in the evening, outside of my shift, you’ll find me here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"María Martínez and Agripina Castellanos eat brunch together at Philippe’s, Agripina’s favorite restaurant in Los Angeles. Agripina has a big appetite, takes no medications, but religiously does take her vitamins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11656681\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">María Martínez and Agripina Castellanos eat brunch together at Philippe’s, Agripina’s favorite restaurant in Los Angeles. Agripina has a big appetite, takes no medications, but religiously does take her vitamins. \u003ccite>(Roberto (Bear) Guerra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from their weekly session at the hair salon, María and Agripina do something together every week, outside of María’s paid working hours: Every Sunday morning, they head to Agripina’s favorite restaurant, Phillippe’s, in Los Angeles’ Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each one of them eats a full plate of pancakes, fried eggs and potatoes. Agripina has no serious health problems, takes no medications, but religiously takes her vitamins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I barely go to the doctor’s,” says Agripina between taking bites. “Not unless I have something that threatens to kill me; then I’ll go to him. Otherwise, I’m looking for the good things in life, so I can stick around longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they finish their brunch, María helps Agripina get up from her chair. Slowly and with patience, she grabs her purse and takes her by the arm, as Agripina pushes her walker towards Maria’s car in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Agripina Castellanos turns 100 years old this year. She and her caregiver María have spent every day together for the last 10 years.",
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"title": "When a Job Becomes a Friendship: Caregivers Keep Seniors Happy and Healthy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>María Martínez is the main caregiver for Agripina Castellanos, who turns 100 years old this June. Castellanos lives in Los Angeles, and she’s one of the elders of Angelus Plaza, the nation’s largest affordable senior housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also one of a growing number of older adults living in the U.S. By 2020, there will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2016/03/07/the-caregiving-boom-where-the-job-opportunities-are/#e182bc05cfa4\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">98 million people in the country over 65 years of age\u003c/a>, which means that caregivers like María will become more important than ever. Caregivers help allow seniors to stay in their homes — and in most cases, caregivers also provide something simple, yet vital: friendship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day, Maria arrives at Agripina’s apartment at about 8:00 a.m. The two ladies sit and chat over breakfast, and then María helps Agripina take a shower and get dressed. Until recently, Agripina used to be able to tie her own shoes, but now María must help her with those, too. Same for cleaning the apartment and shopping for food. In a nutshell, María’s help is making it possible for Agripina to fend for herself as much as possible while she stays in her longtime home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her, ‘If you go to one of these retirement communities, they’ll keep you in a wheelchair, and you’ll go from there to your bed,'” says María. “Instead, you’re here in your own home, for as long as you want and for as long as you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agripina loves her independence and her rituals. On Fridays, she goes to the hair salon for a trim and a blowout with María by her side, who helps her push her walker toward the stylist’s chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two ladies, both from Mexico, have been together now for 10 years. Yet Maria wasn’t trained for caregiving; she learned it by doing it on the job. Until she was in her mid-40s, María had been a traditional, stay-at-home housewife who raised four kids. She’d never had a paid job. Agripina has never married and has no kids. Her longtime companion, her twin sister, passed away long ago. At first, the two of them struggled to find common ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She used to have a really tough personality,” says María of her client. “But little by little, she has changed. When I first started working with her, I was really afraid. When you went into her apartment, before anything, you had to go wash your hands. She’s always been extremely clean. Now, I know what she likes, how she likes to carry herself. I try to keep her home clean, but she’s also not as rigid as she was before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"María Martínez helps Agripina Castellanos make her way home in her walker. Every week, she’s by her side for eight hours a day by cooking, cleaning, and managing her social life.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11656682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29989_161203_bwaystories_0230-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">María Martínez helps Agripina Castellanos make her way home in her walker. Every week, she’s by her side for eight hours a day by cooking, cleaning, and managing her social life.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Roberto (Bear) Guerra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With time, Agripina has become more easygoing and María has learned to accept Agripina’s quirks. In a way, their relationship has evolved into something that resembles the closeness between a mother and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single day she is at home with me,” says Agripina as she waits for María to finish preparing lunch in her kitchen. “She goes home when her shift is due until the next day. But I am always confident that I’ll see her the next day, even if she’s late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mcmasteroptimalaging.org/blog/detail/professionals-blog/2016/04/08/loneliness-and-social-isolation-are-important-health-risks-in-the-elderly\">Researchers say\u003c/a> older adults are at an increased risk of being lonely. By the time people reach their 80s, the majority of them live on their own, like Agripina does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a long-term risk factor, loneliness ranks alongside obesity and alcohol abuse. According to a study from Brigham Young University, social isolation is just as likely to predict an early death as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the opposite is also true: companionship leads to better physical health and longer lives, and caregiving in particular can have far-reaching \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691614568352?journalCode=ppsa\">benefits\u003c/a> for seniors, by fending off depression and chronic health conditions such as heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>María makes $11 an hour as a caregiver — that’s only 50 cents more an hour than the minimum wage in Los Angeles — barely a livable wage. She works eight hours a day, from Monday through Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her husband died of a stroke last year, María realized that she needed a new sense of purpose, and she needed to find ways to get out of the house and stay active. So she made the decision to work longer, and she’s happy to spend more time in Agripina’s company than she gets paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live relatively close to her, and every morning and every evening I give her a call,” María says. “If she doesn’t answer in the evening, I just come on over immediately. Because I wonder, what if she fell down? What if the phone isn’t working? Sometimes at 9 or 10 in the evening, outside of my shift, you’ll find me here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"María Martínez and Agripina Castellanos eat brunch together at Philippe’s, Agripina’s favorite restaurant in Los Angeles. Agripina has a big appetite, takes no medications, but religiously does take her vitamins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11656681\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS29988_170113_bwaystories_1374-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">María Martínez and Agripina Castellanos eat brunch together at Philippe’s, Agripina’s favorite restaurant in Los Angeles. Agripina has a big appetite, takes no medications, but religiously does take her vitamins. \u003ccite>(Roberto (Bear) Guerra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from their weekly session at the hair salon, María and Agripina do something together every week, outside of María’s paid working hours: Every Sunday morning, they head to Agripina’s favorite restaurant, Phillippe’s, in Los Angeles’ Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each one of them eats a full plate of pancakes, fried eggs and potatoes. Agripina has no serious health problems, takes no medications, but religiously takes her vitamins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I barely go to the doctor’s,” says Agripina between taking bites. “Not unless I have something that threatens to kill me; then I’ll go to him. Otherwise, I’m looking for the good things in life, so I can stick around longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they finish their brunch, María helps Agripina get up from her chair. Slowly and with patience, she grabs her purse and takes her by the arm, as Agripina pushes her walker towards Maria’s car in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "battery-blood-how-california-health-agencies-failed-exide-workers",
"title": "Battery Blood: How California Health Agencies Failed Exide Workers",
"publishDate": 1521668093,
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"headTitle": "Battery Blood: How California Health Agencies Failed Exide Workers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> was produced as a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/event/2015-california-health-data-journalism-fellowship\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">California Data Fellowship\u003c/a>, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or nearly a century a hulking industrial plant near downtown Los Angeles melted down car batteries to reclaim their lead. The facility, most recently owned by Exide Technologies, was shut down in 2015 in a deal the company made with the U.S. Department of Justice to avoid criminal prosecution for polluting nearby residential communities. Neighborhood activists have criticized California’s Department of Toxic Substances, which allowed Exide to continue operating for years with a temporary permit, despite evidence it was a major polluter. But a year-long investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> and the University of Southern California’s Annenberg Health Reporting Center has found that two other agencies, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and the Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA), failed to take action during a simmering public health crisis involving hundreds of lead-poisoned workers at the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1987 and 2014, according to records we obtained from CDPH, California health officials were aware of more than 2,300 blood tests from the plant’s workers revealing blood-lead levels above 25 micrograms per deciliter — high enough to cause miscarriages, tremors, mood disorders and heart disease. While CDPH lacks the power to levy fines or mandate changes, it may refer cases to Cal/OSHA, which has that authority. But except for one fleeting moment in 1996, the agencies have operated in virtual silos, failing to coordinate actions or share incontrovertible evidence that the facility was a potential death trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-800x1371.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1371\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11657148\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-800x1371.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-160x274.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-240x411.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-375x643.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-520x891.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s distressing to know that Exide workers were exposed at that level and chronically,” said Dr. Bruce Lanphear, a physician and leading lead researcher with Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada. “We’ve known for decades that lead at those levels can lead to hypertension and chronic renal failure [kidney disease]. California regulators were aware of this information and should have better protected these workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to the anemic enforcement by California officials, regulators in much of the rest of the nation have, thanks to a strict federal lead directive issued in 2001, cracked down on perilous battery recycling plants — issuing six-figure fines and requiring multimillion-dollar safety improvements. Although the federal lead directive is legally binding in states where workers are directly protected by federal OSHA and eight other state-run programs that adopted these standards, California, the nation’s most populous state, never embraced them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Exide appealed a $280 Cal/OSHA fine. It was ultimately reduced to $150 — less than the cost of a speeding ticket.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite California’s seemingly lower standards, Cal/OSHA told Capital & Main that “Cal/OSHA’s program is required to be, and is, at least as effective as federal OSHA.” However, despite hundreds of workers who developed lead poisoning at the plant, the only fine specifically related to lead that we found issued by Cal/OSHA at the site, which recycled about 25,000 lead-acid car batteries a day, was a 2008 citation for $150 — less than the cost of a speeding ticket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he lead problem at the Vernon plant, which was acquired by Exide in 2000, goes back a long time. In the 1970s, Jim Dahlgren, today a retired physician, treated 120 severely lead-poisoned workers from the plant, then owned by National Lead, and helped qualify them for disability insurance. Dahlgren, who worked for UCLA, at the time, claimed that nearly all of those men died prematurely from complications due to lead exposure and that several patients fell into lead-induced comas. Dahlgren said his patients’ blood levels routinely measured above 100 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL), a potentially lethal level. “Every single organ system of the body is impacted adversely by lead,” Dahlgren said. “These men had symptoms that ran the spectrum — severe abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, chest pains, trouble thinking, headaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dahlgren’s account was echoed in a 1973 Los Angeles Times article headlined “Plant Fumes Poisoning Plant Workers, Union Says,” and an obscure 1976 documentary, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APJXKJVlMVk&t=287s\">Lead Smelter\u003c/a>,” which interviewed Dahlgren, along with gaunt, bedridden workers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APJXKJVlMVk&t=287s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Rodriguez, a poet and writer who achieved fame with his memoir about escaping gang life, “Always Running, La Vida Loca, Gang Days in L.A.,” spent six months in 1978 working in the Vernon plant as a smelter. The plant’s huge furnaces melted down car batteries and separated out the lead into what is called slag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After you use the furnace, all the lead would fall to the bottom and there was a hole in the back called a slag hole,” Rodriguez said. “I had to use a jackhammer to hammer it open, and pull the slag out and put it into carts. A good friend of mine said, ‘You know you got to get out of there. Lead will kill you and your family.’ That woke me up, might have saved my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH declined interview requests or to answer specific questions by email, and instead issued a statement that read in part, “CDPH takes seriously any incidents that may affect the public health of the people in California,” adding that “there are always lessons to be learned, especially in the case of long-running complex community public health issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide’s lead-poisoning problem, however, was well known to state officials. Because battery recycling involves potentially lethal exposure to lead, the company was required to test workers’ blood several times per year and to report the results to the CDPH. (Exide did not respond to emails and phone messages requesting comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the fact that CDPH was aware of more than 2,300 concerning blood lead tests among workers at the Vernon site, our investigation found that CDPH referred the company to Cal/OSHA only a few times in the 1990s, and that between 1990 and 2013, inspections of the plant related to lead by Cal/OSHA occurred only in 1995, 1996 and 2008. Records we obtained show the 1995 inspection was triggered by a complaint to Cal/OSHA from a private physician who had treated a plant worker with symptoms of lead poisoning and alarming blood-lead levels. Cal/OSHA determined “no serious injuries or illnesses detected” and issued no fines. The company, according to the inspection report, also told Cal/OSHA that “engineering controls were not feasible at the plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"tableauPlaceholder\" id=\"viz1521665837143\" style=\"position: relative\">\u003cnoscript>\u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/battery-blood-how-california-health-agencies-failed-exide-workers-0321\">\u003cimg alt=\"Exide/GNB Workers' Annual Peak Blood Lead Levels (BLL)Tabulated by year, 1987-2014; data source: California Department of Public Health (CDPH). Exide Technologies acquired GNB Technologies in 2000. CDPH data reflects peak (BLL) test per individual worke \" src=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL/1_rss.png\" style=\"border: none\">\u003c/a>\u003c/noscript>\u003cobject class=\"tableauViz\" style=\"display:none;\">\u003cparam name=\"host_url\" value=\"https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F\">\u003cparam name=\"embed_code_version\" value=\"3\">\u003cparam name=\"site_root\" value=\"\">\u003cparam name=\"name\" value=\"Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL\">\u003cparam name=\"tabs\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"toolbar\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"static_image\" value=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL/1.png\">\u003cparam name=\"animate_transition\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_static_image\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_spinner\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_overlay\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_count\" value=\"yes\">\u003c/object>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1521665837143'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='720px';vizElement.style.height='627px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); \u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then the plant had changed hands and was owned by GNB Technologies. Despite the new ownership, lead poisoning among workers was still a huge problem. Blood-lead testing tracked by CDPH showed that in 1995, 135 workers at the site that year had seriously elevated levels of lead in their blood, and 33 workers had blood-lead levels above 40 μg/dL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same year Cal/OSHA’s inspection report dismissed concerns about fundamental safety at the plant, CDPH was expressing extreme concern. In 1995 CDPH’s Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program chief, Barbara Materna, wrote a letter to GNB’s regional director, David Wesley, noting that the Vernon workers had blood-lead levels high enough to cause “increased blood pressure, damaged sperm, and impaired learning ability in children exposed to lead during pregnancy.” CDPH also expressed grave concerns that airborne levels of lead found in parts of the plant were more than 50 times above federal safety standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The agency is a battleground between those who see the prime directive as protecting workers and others who are fearful of hurting the bottom line of industry.’\u003ccite>Mariano Kramer, former Cal/OSHA manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By 1996 CDPH had had enough. “Our policy is to work cooperatively with those who are improving health and safety conditions in their workplace,” Materna wrote GNB. “However, if serious conditions are not addressed in a timely manner we are obligated to make referrals to Cal/OSHA for enforcement actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capital & Main spoke to Mariano Kramer, then a Los Angeles-area Cal/OSHA district manager, who CDPH sent the referral letter to. In 1996, after receiving a referral from CDPH, he supervised the only inspection we could find that appears to have had any teeth behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA told us it was unable to locate records related to the 1996 inspection. Kramer recalls the case vividly, however: “It was a very messy situation at the plant and a lengthy process. We required them to make substantial safety improvements.” The fines and required safety upgrades, which Kramer said were levied, seemed to make a difference at the plant. Lead poisoning cases dropped 25 percent the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Joanne Kim/Capital & Main)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]H[/dropcap]owever, the monitoring of the Vernon plant, which Exide Technologies purchased in 2000, became less frequent and appears to have amounted to an annual form letter. In 2005 CDPH told Exide, “We recently received one or more reports of elevated blood-lead levels at or above 40 μg/dL for employees of Exide Technologies.” The letter continued, “Elevated BLLs indicate serious problems with your lead safety program that should be corrected. They may also indicate violations of the Cal/OSHA Lead Standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, according to records provided to Capital & Main by CDPH, about 40 workers per year continued to show alarming levels of lead in their blood. It wasn’t until 2008 that Cal/OSHA performed a new lead-safety inspection at the site. The inspection stemmed from an anonymous complaint from an Exide worker, and the inspectors don’t appear to have been armed with any of the information collected by CDPH. When inspectors arrived at the sprawling Vernon plant, records show, they took just one swipe of a surface in search of evidence of lead dust. The sample was taken on a shelf next to a telephone — in an office that was designated a lead-free zone, where workers were supposed to be able to take breaks without wearing any protective equipment. While the shelf had lead levels far in excess of federal standards, Cal/OSHA fined Exide just $280 for the safety violation it labeled “low” in severity. Exide appealed the fine and the violation was ultimately reduced to $150.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA appeared even less concerned with the toxic air to which workers were exposed in the plant’s smelting room. Alvin Richardson, a 20-year plant veteran, said he remembers Cal/OSHA coming to inspect the site in 2008 and affixing an air monitor to his clothing to measure the amount of lead that he and other workers were being exposed to. Richardson says he wasn’t told the results, even though he had become a canary in the coal mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts we spoke to, including Kramer, say the results from Richardson’s air monitor, which measured airborne lead more than 13 times above levels federal limits, could have required the evacuation of workers and at a minimum should have resulted in stiff penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the results came back, Cal/OSHA may have employed some creative math. (See equation below.) Because Richardson was wearing a respirator mask, Cal/OSHA’s report reasoned its inspectors could divide the level of exposure by a factor of 50. (See formula below.) After the airborne lead levels were divided by 50, the inspection gave the smelting operation a clean bill of health, no fines were issued for the airborne lead, and the company was allowed to keep up its operation without making any engineering changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"80\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11657131\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image.png 691w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-160x19.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-240x28.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-375x43.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-520x60.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA declined repeated requests for in-person interviews about its lead-related protocols or to comment on former workers who claim to be suffering today. In response to queries about the seemingly inadequate 2008 inspection, Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza responded via email, “The division can only issue citations when it finds sufficient evidence of violations. The inspection was handled appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Clyde Payne, who for 23 years was the area director of U.S. OSHA’s Jackson, Mississippi, office, said that applying the equation employed by Cal/OSHA violated a fundamental OSHA principle. “The principle,” Payne said, “is you are not allowed to use the respirator to excuse toxic air. You have to implement other controls like ventilation and proper hygiene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payne explained that the equation which Cal/OSHA employed is intended to be used to determine if employers are using proper respirators, or if they need to provide a better respirator. “Because we assume that workers are going to get exposed in other ways, you don’t utilize that type of division to excuse violations of the air standards.” Payne added, “There is no question it’s challenging for companies to get those levels of airborne lead down, but if you do not have somebody riding your rear end, you won’t try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]M[/dropcap]ariano Kramer retired in 2011 and today works as an instructor at the Dominguez Hills OSHA Training Center. After reviewing the report of the 2008 inspection of the plant, he said the levels of airborne lead that Alvin Richardson and other workers were exposed to were completely unacceptable. “One of the basic tenets of safety and health is the hierarchy of controls,” Kramer said. “You start with administrative and engineering, and the last thing that you do is personal protective equipment. Because with ventilators, you are doing nothing to correct the hazard. All you’re doing is putting a barrier to the hazard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of federal OSHA inspections carried out around the same time as Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection of Exide in Vernon does show that dramatically different standards were employed. For example, during their 2012 inspection of a Johnson Controls battery recycling plant in Ohio, OSHA inspectors affixed air monitors to workers just as they did with Richardson in California. The level of lead detected was one-third what Richardson and other Exide workers were exposed to. But because the OSHA inspectors did not employ the division formula utilized in California, they deemed the exposure levels as a “serious” violation of OSHA regulations. All told, OSHA issued to Johnson Controls Battery Group Inc. fines of $188,000, more than 1,200 times the $150 fine issued to Exide during Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection for violating lead standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvin Richardson told us that when he left the company in 2011 he suffered from what he believed to be lead-related symptoms, including exhaustion and tremors. After he departed his daily routine at Exide, Richardson hoped his symptoms would improve, but they worsened. Today the 53-year-old suffers from chronic weakness and kidney problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can’t stand for very long,” Alvin’s wife LaShawn Richardson told us, adding that her husband had just received state disability status after a seven-year struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657173\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657173\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Joanne Kim/Capital & Main)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kramer believes that two long-running problems at Cal/OSHA likely contributed to an inadequate inspection in 2008. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency is kind of a political football, a battleground between those who see the prime directive as protecting workers and others who are fearful of hurting the bottom line of industry. Some staff also have a poor understanding of health-related safety issues like lead. The agency is better at recognizing a crane that might fall. When it comes to nearly invisible toxins like lead dust, that can be a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rania Sabty-Daily, an expert in industrial hygiene and an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge, told Capital & Main that one of the stumbling blocks preventing better protection of California workers are long-delayed changes to the state’s lead standards. The standards formulated in the 1970s allow employees to continue working even with blood lead levels up to 50 μg/dL. Health experts consider those standards out of date because the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other authorities say permanent damage can occur at levels as low as 10 μg/dL. In 2009 CDPH issued new recommendations and asked Cal/OSHA to call for removing workers with lead levels above 20 μg/dL and not returning them until they fall to below 15 μg/dL. In addition CDPH proposed that a more protective standard be applied to airborne lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because CDPH can only make recommendations, CDPH petitioned Cal/OSHA in 2010 to adopt the new standards. In a statement, Cal/OSHA told us it agreed with the necessity to make some changes. “The existing lead standard is based on pre-1978 data and subsequent research has shown significant adverse effects at lower levels. The advisory committee met six times from 2011-2015 to draft a proposed industrial regulation that will lower the blood-lead removal level (BLL) and Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/5198Meetings.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">That process is ongoing\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ut the process to change California regulations appears to have bogged down. Cal/OSHA invited companies like Exide and other stakeholders to participate in advisory meetings over the new standards. During one advisory meeting in 2011, industry representatives, particularly from battery recycling companies, hammered the proposal. According to minutes from the sessions, Terry Campbell, an executive from U.S. Battery, said that one-fourth of the company’s Corona workers would have to be pulled from their jobs because of high blood-lead levels. Ultimately, the company said, it could be forced to close up shop and move to Mexico. Representatives from Exide echoed similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a totally dysfunctional system,” said Sabty-Daily. “We debate the toughest standards in the country — meanwhile, Cal/OSHA enforces [what are among] the weakest standards in the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There appears to be an even larger problem to fix. Our investigation found that workers protected by Cal/OSHA under the outdated standards continue to be harmed by unsafe lead conditions with little or no consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Public Health Department ‘ends up being a shield for companies which expose the public and workers to toxins.’\u003ccite>James Wheaton, First Amendment Project Lawyer, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In October we made a public records request asking CDPH for lists of workers who had lead levels at or above 20 μg/dL for the last 30 years. According to the data we received, the agency was aware of more than 26,000 blood tests from workers from more than 260 companies across the state. Workers were counted once per year at their highest level according to CDPH. We also learned that between 2010 and 2017, even as California’s regulatory agencies continued to debate toughening lead standards, CDPH was aware of an additional 2,256 blood tests at or above 20 μg/dL. Despite those alarming numbers, finding the locations of the workplaces that have had large numbers of lead poisoned workers is for the moment impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://gfycat.com/ifr/OccasionalFamousBangeltiger\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although CDPH previously provided year-by-year anonymous data for lead-poisoned workers at Exide, the agency turned down our request for information about where those other cases in the state were occurring. Citing a “constitutional right to privacy,” CDPH says it is concerned that providing anonymous details about the extent of the problem at specific companies could somehow lead to identifying the individual workers. When there is “a high risk of re-identification, statistical masking must be applied,” the agency said in a March 14 statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Bruce Lanphear, the lead-poisoning expert, also was troubled by the withholding of specific numbers for where the lead poisoning incidents were occurring. “That’s just hogwash. One of the basic functions of public health is to make clear the extent of the problem and where it’s occurring. You can’t protect the public if you’re not armed with the information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wheaton, senior counsel for the First Amendment Project and a media-law professor at UC Berkeley, called the agency’s rationale for keeping the information secret “bogus” and said he believed the agency had violated California law with its refusal to disclose the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDPH unfortunately has a tendency to jealously guard information which is vital to the public,” Wheaton said. “The net result is the agency ends up being a shield for companies which expose the public and workers to toxins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Exide closed in 2015, several battery recycling plants continue to operate in the greater Los Angeles area, and they appear to represent an ongoing problem when it comes to workers exposed to lead. While CDPH would not provide Capital & Main with information about where the most serious cases are occurring, in response to a public records request the agency did provide similar data to the Los Angeles Times in 2016 for worker exposures in Los Angeles County from 2008 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, provided to Los Angeles Times reporter Tony Barboza, show that Quemetco, another Los Angeles-area recycling plant which, unlike Exide, is still up and running, had 254 workers with elevated blood-lead levels (at or above 10 g/dL) between 2008 and 2014. By comparison, Exide had 175 workers during that same time period with similarly elevated levels. Quemetco also appears to have another Exide-like problem. Soil samples taken from homes within a quarter-mile of the plant, according to data we obtained from the Department of Toxic Substances Control, also show that surface soil is on average four times above acceptable levels, suggesting a multimillion-dollar cleanup could be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]P[/dropcap]rior to publication of this article we shared data we had gathered with several lawmakers and Bill Allayaud, the California director of the Environmental Working Group, a science-based watchdog organization. Allayaud’s group has spearheaded several proposed lead laws in California. “We all know how the neighborhoods around Exide were polluted with toxic lead over the long term, and now we are finding out how workers on the frontlines were neglected by the agencies that are supposed to monitor and demand that hazardous conditions be eliminated,” Allayaud said. “This needs to be fixed so this never happens again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allayaud collaborated with San Jose Assemblyman Ash Kalra, who introduced legislation sponsored by the Environmental Working Group that would require CDPH and Cal/OSHA to follow federal standards recognized in other states. Kalra’s measure, Assembly Bill 2963, would legally require the “State Department of Public Health to report to the Division of Occupational Safety and Health any instance where a worker’s blood-lead level is at or above a certain amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to Capital & Main, Kalra said, “Lead poisoning is a serious matter and we need to consider the gravity of this hazard by ensuring that our state agencies are properly scrutinizing cases involving workers’ exposure to high levels of lead — this means that adequate inspections need to be carried out whenever there is evidence of serious lead-related exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra plans to hold hearings in April for his worker-protection bill based on our investigations. He told Capital & Main that he would like to have Alvin Richardson and other workers testify to educate the public about what it’s like to experience lead poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alvin’s a proud man,” said his wife, LaShawn. “Going through this has been a long, incredibly difficult struggle for our entire family.” She said she was speaking to us in the hope that future workers wouldn’t have to endure what her husband has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joe Rubin wrote this story while participating in the California Data Fellowship, a program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For decades, California’s Dept. of Public Health and Cal/OSHA didn’t protect workers from lead contamination at the L.A. battery recycling plant.",
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"title": "Battery Blood: How California Health Agencies Failed Exide Workers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article from \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> was produced as a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/event/2015-california-health-data-journalism-fellowship\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">California Data Fellowship\u003c/a>, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>or nearly a century a hulking industrial plant near downtown Los Angeles melted down car batteries to reclaim their lead. The facility, most recently owned by Exide Technologies, was shut down in 2015 in a deal the company made with the U.S. Department of Justice to avoid criminal prosecution for polluting nearby residential communities. Neighborhood activists have criticized California’s Department of Toxic Substances, which allowed Exide to continue operating for years with a temporary permit, despite evidence it was a major polluter. But a year-long investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Capital & Main\u003c/a> and the University of Southern California’s Annenberg Health Reporting Center has found that two other agencies, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and the Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA), failed to take action during a simmering public health crisis involving hundreds of lead-poisoned workers at the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 1987 and 2014, according to records we obtained from CDPH, California health officials were aware of more than 2,300 blood tests from the plant’s workers revealing blood-lead levels above 25 micrograms per deciliter — high enough to cause miscarriages, tremors, mood disorders and heart disease. While CDPH lacks the power to levy fines or mandate changes, it may refer cases to Cal/OSHA, which has that authority. But except for one fleeting moment in 1996, the agencies have operated in virtual silos, failing to coordinate actions or share incontrovertible evidence that the facility was a potential death trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-800x1371.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1371\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11657148\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-800x1371.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-160x274.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-240x411.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-375x643.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning-520x891.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/PossibleHealthLeadPoisoning.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s distressing to know that Exide workers were exposed at that level and chronically,” said Dr. Bruce Lanphear, a physician and leading lead researcher with Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada. “We’ve known for decades that lead at those levels can lead to hypertension and chronic renal failure [kidney disease]. California regulators were aware of this information and should have better protected these workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to the anemic enforcement by California officials, regulators in much of the rest of the nation have, thanks to a strict federal lead directive issued in 2001, cracked down on perilous battery recycling plants — issuing six-figure fines and requiring multimillion-dollar safety improvements. Although the federal lead directive is legally binding in states where workers are directly protected by federal OSHA and eight other state-run programs that adopted these standards, California, the nation’s most populous state, never embraced them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Exide appealed a $280 Cal/OSHA fine. It was ultimately reduced to $150 — less than the cost of a speeding ticket.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite California’s seemingly lower standards, Cal/OSHA told Capital & Main that “Cal/OSHA’s program is required to be, and is, at least as effective as federal OSHA.” However, despite hundreds of workers who developed lead poisoning at the plant, the only fine specifically related to lead that we found issued by Cal/OSHA at the site, which recycled about 25,000 lead-acid car batteries a day, was a 2008 citation for $150 — less than the cost of a speeding ticket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he lead problem at the Vernon plant, which was acquired by Exide in 2000, goes back a long time. In the 1970s, Jim Dahlgren, today a retired physician, treated 120 severely lead-poisoned workers from the plant, then owned by National Lead, and helped qualify them for disability insurance. Dahlgren, who worked for UCLA, at the time, claimed that nearly all of those men died prematurely from complications due to lead exposure and that several patients fell into lead-induced comas. Dahlgren said his patients’ blood levels routinely measured above 100 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL), a potentially lethal level. “Every single organ system of the body is impacted adversely by lead,” Dahlgren said. “These men had symptoms that ran the spectrum — severe abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, chest pains, trouble thinking, headaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dahlgren’s account was echoed in a 1973 Los Angeles Times article headlined “Plant Fumes Poisoning Plant Workers, Union Says,” and an obscure 1976 documentary, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APJXKJVlMVk&t=287s\">Lead Smelter\u003c/a>,” which interviewed Dahlgren, along with gaunt, bedridden workers and their families.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/APJXKJVlMVk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/APJXKJVlMVk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Luis Rodriguez, a poet and writer who achieved fame with his memoir about escaping gang life, “Always Running, La Vida Loca, Gang Days in L.A.,” spent six months in 1978 working in the Vernon plant as a smelter. The plant’s huge furnaces melted down car batteries and separated out the lead into what is called slag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After you use the furnace, all the lead would fall to the bottom and there was a hole in the back called a slag hole,” Rodriguez said. “I had to use a jackhammer to hammer it open, and pull the slag out and put it into carts. A good friend of mine said, ‘You know you got to get out of there. Lead will kill you and your family.’ That woke me up, might have saved my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH declined interview requests or to answer specific questions by email, and instead issued a statement that read in part, “CDPH takes seriously any incidents that may affect the public health of the people in California,” adding that “there are always lessons to be learned, especially in the case of long-running complex community public health issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exide’s lead-poisoning problem, however, was well known to state officials. Because battery recycling involves potentially lethal exposure to lead, the company was required to test workers’ blood several times per year and to report the results to the CDPH. (Exide did not respond to emails and phone messages requesting comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the fact that CDPH was aware of more than 2,300 concerning blood lead tests among workers at the Vernon site, our investigation found that CDPH referred the company to Cal/OSHA only a few times in the 1990s, and that between 1990 and 2013, inspections of the plant related to lead by Cal/OSHA occurred only in 1995, 1996 and 2008. Records we obtained show the 1995 inspection was triggered by a complaint to Cal/OSHA from a private physician who had treated a plant worker with symptoms of lead poisoning and alarming blood-lead levels. Cal/OSHA determined “no serious injuries or illnesses detected” and issued no fines. The company, according to the inspection report, also told Cal/OSHA that “engineering controls were not feasible at the plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"tableauPlaceholder\" id=\"viz1521665837143\" style=\"position: relative\">\u003cnoscript>\u003ca href=\"https://capitalandmain.com/battery-blood-how-california-health-agencies-failed-exide-workers-0321\">\u003cimg alt=\"Exide/GNB Workers' Annual Peak Blood Lead Levels (BLL)Tabulated by year, 1987-2014; data source: California Department of Public Health (CDPH). Exide Technologies acquired GNB Technologies in 2000. CDPH data reflects peak (BLL) test per individual worke \" src=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL/1_rss.png\" style=\"border: none\">\u003c/a>\u003c/noscript>\u003cobject class=\"tableauViz\" style=\"display:none;\">\u003cparam name=\"host_url\" value=\"https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F\">\u003cparam name=\"embed_code_version\" value=\"3\">\u003cparam name=\"site_root\" value=\"\">\u003cparam name=\"name\" value=\"Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL\">\u003cparam name=\"tabs\" value=\"no\">\u003cparam name=\"toolbar\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"static_image\" value=\"https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/Tableau_Book-3/CDPHAnnualPeakBLL/1.png\">\u003cparam name=\"animate_transition\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_static_image\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_spinner\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_overlay\" value=\"yes\">\u003cparam name=\"display_count\" value=\"yes\">\u003c/object>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1521665837143'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='720px';vizElement.style.height='627px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); \u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then the plant had changed hands and was owned by GNB Technologies. Despite the new ownership, lead poisoning among workers was still a huge problem. Blood-lead testing tracked by CDPH showed that in 1995, 135 workers at the site that year had seriously elevated levels of lead in their blood, and 33 workers had blood-lead levels above 40 μg/dL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same year Cal/OSHA’s inspection report dismissed concerns about fundamental safety at the plant, CDPH was expressing extreme concern. In 1995 CDPH’s Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program chief, Barbara Materna, wrote a letter to GNB’s regional director, David Wesley, noting that the Vernon workers had blood-lead levels high enough to cause “increased blood pressure, damaged sperm, and impaired learning ability in children exposed to lead during pregnancy.” CDPH also expressed grave concerns that airborne levels of lead found in parts of the plant were more than 50 times above federal safety standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The agency is a battleground between those who see the prime directive as protecting workers and others who are fearful of hurting the bottom line of industry.’\u003ccite>Mariano Kramer, former Cal/OSHA manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By 1996 CDPH had had enough. “Our policy is to work cooperatively with those who are improving health and safety conditions in their workplace,” Materna wrote GNB. “However, if serious conditions are not addressed in a timely manner we are obligated to make referrals to Cal/OSHA for enforcement actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capital & Main spoke to Mariano Kramer, then a Los Angeles-area Cal/OSHA district manager, who CDPH sent the referral letter to. In 1996, after receiving a referral from CDPH, he supervised the only inspection we could find that appears to have had any teeth behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA told us it was unable to locate records related to the 1996 inspection. Kramer recalls the case vividly, however: “It was a very messy situation at the plant and a lengthy process. We required them to make substantial safety improvements.” The fines and required safety upgrades, which Kramer said were levied, seemed to make a difference at the plant. Lead poisoning cases dropped 25 percent the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Joanne Kim/Capital & Main)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">H\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>owever, the monitoring of the Vernon plant, which Exide Technologies purchased in 2000, became less frequent and appears to have amounted to an annual form letter. In 2005 CDPH told Exide, “We recently received one or more reports of elevated blood-lead levels at or above 40 μg/dL for employees of Exide Technologies.” The letter continued, “Elevated BLLs indicate serious problems with your lead safety program that should be corrected. They may also indicate violations of the Cal/OSHA Lead Standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, according to records provided to Capital & Main by CDPH, about 40 workers per year continued to show alarming levels of lead in their blood. It wasn’t until 2008 that Cal/OSHA performed a new lead-safety inspection at the site. The inspection stemmed from an anonymous complaint from an Exide worker, and the inspectors don’t appear to have been armed with any of the information collected by CDPH. When inspectors arrived at the sprawling Vernon plant, records show, they took just one swipe of a surface in search of evidence of lead dust. The sample was taken on a shelf next to a telephone — in an office that was designated a lead-free zone, where workers were supposed to be able to take breaks without wearing any protective equipment. While the shelf had lead levels far in excess of federal standards, Cal/OSHA fined Exide just $280 for the safety violation it labeled “low” in severity. Exide appealed the fine and the violation was ultimately reduced to $150.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA appeared even less concerned with the toxic air to which workers were exposed in the plant’s smelting room. Alvin Richardson, a 20-year plant veteran, said he remembers Cal/OSHA coming to inspect the site in 2008 and affixing an air monitor to his clothing to measure the amount of lead that he and other workers were being exposed to. Richardson says he wasn’t told the results, even though he had become a canary in the coal mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts we spoke to, including Kramer, say the results from Richardson’s air monitor, which measured airborne lead more than 13 times above levels federal limits, could have required the evacuation of workers and at a minimum should have resulted in stiff penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the results came back, Cal/OSHA may have employed some creative math. (See equation below.) Because Richardson was wearing a respirator mask, Cal/OSHA’s report reasoned its inspectors could divide the level of exposure by a factor of 50. (See formula below.) After the airborne lead levels were divided by 50, the inspection gave the smelting operation a clean bill of health, no fines were issued for the airborne lead, and the company was allowed to keep up its operation without making any engineering changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"80\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11657131\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image.png 691w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-160x19.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-240x28.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-375x43.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/word-image-520x60.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA declined repeated requests for in-person interviews about its lead-related protocols or to comment on former workers who claim to be suffering today. In response to queries about the seemingly inadequate 2008 inspection, Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza responded via email, “The division can only issue citations when it finds sufficient evidence of violations. The inspection was handled appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Clyde Payne, who for 23 years was the area director of U.S. OSHA’s Jackson, Mississippi, office, said that applying the equation employed by Cal/OSHA violated a fundamental OSHA principle. “The principle,” Payne said, “is you are not allowed to use the respirator to excuse toxic air. You have to implement other controls like ventilation and proper hygiene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payne explained that the equation which Cal/OSHA employed is intended to be used to determine if employers are using proper respirators, or if they need to provide a better respirator. “Because we assume that workers are going to get exposed in other ways, you don’t utilize that type of division to excuse violations of the air standards.” Payne added, “There is no question it’s challenging for companies to get those levels of airborne lead down, but if you do not have somebody riding your rear end, you won’t try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">M\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ariano Kramer retired in 2011 and today works as an instructor at the Dominguez Hills OSHA Training Center. After reviewing the report of the 2008 inspection of the plant, he said the levels of airborne lead that Alvin Richardson and other workers were exposed to were completely unacceptable. “One of the basic tenets of safety and health is the hierarchy of controls,” Kramer said. “You start with administrative and engineering, and the last thing that you do is personal protective equipment. Because with ventilators, you are doing nothing to correct the hazard. All you’re doing is putting a barrier to the hazard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of federal OSHA inspections carried out around the same time as Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection of Exide in Vernon does show that dramatically different standards were employed. For example, during their 2012 inspection of a Johnson Controls battery recycling plant in Ohio, OSHA inspectors affixed air monitors to workers just as they did with Richardson in California. The level of lead detected was one-third what Richardson and other Exide workers were exposed to. But because the OSHA inspectors did not employ the division formula utilized in California, they deemed the exposure levels as a “serious” violation of OSHA regulations. All told, OSHA issued to Johnson Controls Battery Group Inc. fines of $188,000, more than 1,200 times the $150 fine issued to Exide during Cal/OSHA’s 2008 inspection for violating lead standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvin Richardson told us that when he left the company in 2011 he suffered from what he believed to be lead-related symptoms, including exhaustion and tremors. After he departed his daily routine at Exide, Richardson hoped his symptoms would improve, but they worsened. Today the 53-year-old suffers from chronic weakness and kidney problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can’t stand for very long,” Alvin’s wife LaShawn Richardson told us, adding that her husband had just received state disability status after a seven-year struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657173\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657173\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ExideExterior2.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the now-shuttered Exide plant in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Joanne Kim/Capital & Main)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kramer believes that two long-running problems at Cal/OSHA likely contributed to an inadequate inspection in 2008. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency is kind of a political football, a battleground between those who see the prime directive as protecting workers and others who are fearful of hurting the bottom line of industry. Some staff also have a poor understanding of health-related safety issues like lead. The agency is better at recognizing a crane that might fall. When it comes to nearly invisible toxins like lead dust, that can be a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rania Sabty-Daily, an expert in industrial hygiene and an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge, told Capital & Main that one of the stumbling blocks preventing better protection of California workers are long-delayed changes to the state’s lead standards. The standards formulated in the 1970s allow employees to continue working even with blood lead levels up to 50 μg/dL. Health experts consider those standards out of date because the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other authorities say permanent damage can occur at levels as low as 10 μg/dL. In 2009 CDPH issued new recommendations and asked Cal/OSHA to call for removing workers with lead levels above 20 μg/dL and not returning them until they fall to below 15 μg/dL. In addition CDPH proposed that a more protective standard be applied to airborne lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because CDPH can only make recommendations, CDPH petitioned Cal/OSHA in 2010 to adopt the new standards. In a statement, Cal/OSHA told us it agreed with the necessity to make some changes. “The existing lead standard is based on pre-1978 data and subsequent research has shown significant adverse effects at lower levels. The advisory committee met six times from 2011-2015 to draft a proposed industrial regulation that will lower the blood-lead removal level (BLL) and Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/5198Meetings.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">That process is ongoing\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ut the process to change California regulations appears to have bogged down. Cal/OSHA invited companies like Exide and other stakeholders to participate in advisory meetings over the new standards. During one advisory meeting in 2011, industry representatives, particularly from battery recycling companies, hammered the proposal. According to minutes from the sessions, Terry Campbell, an executive from U.S. Battery, said that one-fourth of the company’s Corona workers would have to be pulled from their jobs because of high blood-lead levels. Ultimately, the company said, it could be forced to close up shop and move to Mexico. Representatives from Exide echoed similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a totally dysfunctional system,” said Sabty-Daily. “We debate the toughest standards in the country — meanwhile, Cal/OSHA enforces [what are among] the weakest standards in the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There appears to be an even larger problem to fix. Our investigation found that workers protected by Cal/OSHA under the outdated standards continue to be harmed by unsafe lead conditions with little or no consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Public Health Department ‘ends up being a shield for companies which expose the public and workers to toxins.’\u003ccite>James Wheaton, First Amendment Project Lawyer, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In October we made a public records request asking CDPH for lists of workers who had lead levels at or above 20 μg/dL for the last 30 years. According to the data we received, the agency was aware of more than 26,000 blood tests from workers from more than 260 companies across the state. Workers were counted once per year at their highest level according to CDPH. We also learned that between 2010 and 2017, even as California’s regulatory agencies continued to debate toughening lead standards, CDPH was aware of an additional 2,256 blood tests at or above 20 μg/dL. Despite those alarming numbers, finding the locations of the workplaces that have had large numbers of lead poisoned workers is for the moment impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://gfycat.com/ifr/OccasionalFamousBangeltiger\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although CDPH previously provided year-by-year anonymous data for lead-poisoned workers at Exide, the agency turned down our request for information about where those other cases in the state were occurring. Citing a “constitutional right to privacy,” CDPH says it is concerned that providing anonymous details about the extent of the problem at specific companies could somehow lead to identifying the individual workers. When there is “a high risk of re-identification, statistical masking must be applied,” the agency said in a March 14 statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Bruce Lanphear, the lead-poisoning expert, also was troubled by the withholding of specific numbers for where the lead poisoning incidents were occurring. “That’s just hogwash. One of the basic functions of public health is to make clear the extent of the problem and where it’s occurring. You can’t protect the public if you’re not armed with the information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wheaton, senior counsel for the First Amendment Project and a media-law professor at UC Berkeley, called the agency’s rationale for keeping the information secret “bogus” and said he believed the agency had violated California law with its refusal to disclose the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDPH unfortunately has a tendency to jealously guard information which is vital to the public,” Wheaton said. “The net result is the agency ends up being a shield for companies which expose the public and workers to toxins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Exide closed in 2015, several battery recycling plants continue to operate in the greater Los Angeles area, and they appear to represent an ongoing problem when it comes to workers exposed to lead. While CDPH would not provide Capital & Main with information about where the most serious cases are occurring, in response to a public records request the agency did provide similar data to the Los Angeles Times in 2016 for worker exposures in Los Angeles County from 2008 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, provided to Los Angeles Times reporter Tony Barboza, show that Quemetco, another Los Angeles-area recycling plant which, unlike Exide, is still up and running, had 254 workers with elevated blood-lead levels (at or above 10 g/dL) between 2008 and 2014. By comparison, Exide had 175 workers during that same time period with similarly elevated levels. Quemetco also appears to have another Exide-like problem. Soil samples taken from homes within a quarter-mile of the plant, according to data we obtained from the Department of Toxic Substances Control, also show that surface soil is on average four times above acceptable levels, suggesting a multimillion-dollar cleanup could be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">P\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>rior to publication of this article we shared data we had gathered with several lawmakers and Bill Allayaud, the California director of the Environmental Working Group, a science-based watchdog organization. Allayaud’s group has spearheaded several proposed lead laws in California. “We all know how the neighborhoods around Exide were polluted with toxic lead over the long term, and now we are finding out how workers on the frontlines were neglected by the agencies that are supposed to monitor and demand that hazardous conditions be eliminated,” Allayaud said. “This needs to be fixed so this never happens again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allayaud collaborated with San Jose Assemblyman Ash Kalra, who introduced legislation sponsored by the Environmental Working Group that would require CDPH and Cal/OSHA to follow federal standards recognized in other states. Kalra’s measure, Assembly Bill 2963, would legally require the “State Department of Public Health to report to the Division of Occupational Safety and Health any instance where a worker’s blood-lead level is at or above a certain amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to Capital & Main, Kalra said, “Lead poisoning is a serious matter and we need to consider the gravity of this hazard by ensuring that our state agencies are properly scrutinizing cases involving workers’ exposure to high levels of lead — this means that adequate inspections need to be carried out whenever there is evidence of serious lead-related exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra plans to hold hearings in April for his worker-protection bill based on our investigations. He told Capital & Main that he would like to have Alvin Richardson and other workers testify to educate the public about what it’s like to experience lead poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alvin’s a proud man,” said his wife, LaShawn. “Going through this has been a long, incredibly difficult struggle for our entire family.” She said she was speaking to us in the hope that future workers wouldn’t have to endure what her husband has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joe Rubin wrote this story while participating in the California Data Fellowship, a program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal immigration agents have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652479/advocates-confirm-23-immigrants-arrested-in-northern-california-operation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swept up hundreds of people\u003c/a> in raids up and down California in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the case of one Los Angeles man -- a car mechanic arrested under suspicious circumstances last September -- is challenging how workplace raids are conducted by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sept. 25 raid was caught on a security cam video that went viral. ICE agents walked onto the auto repair lot with semi-automatic weapons drawn and started handcuffing workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was mechanic Juan Hernandez, who spent weeks in detention. The ACLU of Southern California said Hernandez was arrested solely because of his appearance. The agents had no warrant, no probable cause and didn’t even identify themselves or ask questions, according to the civil rights group, which filed a motion with a private attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=CbMkC68omro\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, immigration officials agreed to drop deportation proceedings against Hernandez, an action that was approved by a Los Angeles immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The color of a person’s skin or their last name doesn’t provide reasonable suspicion or probable cause to arrest somebody,\" said ACLU attorney Eva Bitran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitran said the officials agreed to take Hernandez out of deportation proceedings because they knew they shouldn’t have arrested him in the first place -- and that the actions caught on the security camera were unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that government officials know that people are paying attention to the way in which they’re carrying out these stepped-up operations that they've been undertaking under this administration,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU says it is not discussing Hernandez’s immigration status. The owner of the auto shop was deported the day of the raid. Meanwhile, a spokeswoman with ICE said the agency is not commenting on the case.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal immigration agents have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652479/advocates-confirm-23-immigrants-arrested-in-northern-california-operation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swept up hundreds of people\u003c/a> in raids up and down California in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the case of one Los Angeles man -- a car mechanic arrested under suspicious circumstances last September -- is challenging how workplace raids are conducted by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sept. 25 raid was caught on a security cam video that went viral. ICE agents walked onto the auto repair lot with semi-automatic weapons drawn and started handcuffing workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was mechanic Juan Hernandez, who spent weeks in detention. The ACLU of Southern California said Hernandez was arrested solely because of his appearance. The agents had no warrant, no probable cause and didn’t even identify themselves or ask questions, according to the civil rights group, which filed a motion with a private attorney.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CbMkC68omro'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CbMkC68omro'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, immigration officials agreed to drop deportation proceedings against Hernandez, an action that was approved by a Los Angeles immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The color of a person’s skin or their last name doesn’t provide reasonable suspicion or probable cause to arrest somebody,\" said ACLU attorney Eva Bitran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitran said the officials agreed to take Hernandez out of deportation proceedings because they knew they shouldn’t have arrested him in the first place -- and that the actions caught on the security camera were unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that government officials know that people are paying attention to the way in which they’re carrying out these stepped-up operations that they've been undertaking under this administration,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU says it is not discussing Hernandez’s immigration status. The owner of the auto shop was deported the day of the raid. Meanwhile, a spokeswoman with ICE said the agency is not commenting on the case.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles County District Attorney Jackie Lacey on Thursday declined to file criminal charges against a former LAPD officer who fatally shot a homeless man in Venice in 2015 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/11/56778/beck-recommends-criminal-charges-in-fatal-venice-p/\">despite a recommendation from Chief Charlie Beck\u003c/a> that she do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brendon Glenn, 29, was shot by Officer Clifford Proctor, who has since resigned from the department. Proctor said he shot Glenn because he was going for his partner’s gun during a struggle just off the Venice boardwalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck said investigators found no evidence to support his claim. Footage from a nearby bar’s surveillance camera did not show Glenn’s hands near the officers’ guns. And Proctor’s own partner said he never felt any jerking movements or saw Glenn’s hand near his gun, according to the chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey disagreed: “Proctor may have reasonably believed that Glenn was reaching for his partner’s weapon,” according to a statement from the DA’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After an independent and thorough review of all the evidence in this case, we cannot prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Officer Proctor did not act within the law,” Lacey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KPCC, Lacey said “there’s no video taken from the angle where Officer Proctor was during the struggle. And so we don’t know, or we could not disprove, that Officer Proctor didn’t see what we think he saw, which is that there was some sort of danger that was occurring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 83 pages, the \u003ca href=\"http://da.lacounty.gov/media/media-resources/report-officer-involved-shooting-brendon-glenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DA’s report\u003c/a> on the case is unusually long. Such reports on officer-involved shootings typically run less than 10 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike many police shootings, which often occur late at night with few witnesses, there was a substantial amount of evidence in this one. In addition to the video from the bar’s surveillance camera, there was an officer’s body-cam video, 10 civilian eyewitnesses and DNA, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey also took the unusual step of obtaining the opinion of a nationally recognized use-of-force expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654787\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A friend of Brendon Glenn wears a t-shirt with his photo. Glenn was fatally shot by LAPD officers May 5, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A friend of Brendon Glenn wears a T-shirt with his photo. Glenn was fatally shot by LAPD officers May 5, 2015. \u003ccite>(Frank Stoltze/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beck stood by his earlier calls on Lacey to pursue criminal charges against Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is my belief that former Los Angeles police officer Proctor committed manslaughter by what is called imperfect self-defense,” Beck said Thursday. “In other words, he unreasonably believed that his life was in danger and therefore he took a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn family attorney Kaveh Navab criticized Lacey’s decision, as well as the fact that the DA’s office reviews officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The DA’s office has a conflict of interest, in that they’re spineless when it comes to decisions like this,” he said. “We need an independent prosecutor that can really look at these cases independently and make a judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navab said the encounter with Glenn did not need to end with him getting shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the get-go they approached this in the wrong way,” he said. “They escalated the situation. Office Proctor acted in an aggressive and violent fashion toward Mr. Glenn, and you can see that in the video that leads up to the shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While saying, “I understand the criticism,” Lacey said, “I think it’s misplaced.” She felt the decision was not a close call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I got a chance to really look for myself at everything that we had, I came to the conclusion that we would not win this case, that we could not ethically file this case,” said Lacey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glenn shooting came amid a national uproar over police shootings and sparked angry protests in Venice and outside LAPD’s downtown headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck’s call for Lacey to file charges against Proctor, a seven-year veteran of the force, marked the first time in the chief’s career that he had publicly called on prosecutors to pursue a criminal case against an officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-800x696.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD Chief Charlie Beck stood by his earlier calls on L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey to pursue criminal charges against the officer who shot Brendon Glenn.\" width=\"800\" height=\"696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-800x696.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-160x139.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-1020x887.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-1180x1027.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-960x835.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-240x209.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-375x326.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-520x452.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LAPD Chief Charlie Beck stood by his earlier calls on L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey to pursue criminal charges against the officer who shot Brendon Glenn. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Anytime an unarmed person is shot by a Los Angeles police officer, it takes extraordinary circumstances to justify that,” Beck said in the aftermath of the shooting. “I have not seen those circumstances here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Police Commissioners, the civilian panel that oversees the LAPD, also found the shooting unjustified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence did not independently support Officer A’s perception that a deadly threat was present,” the commission found in an April 2016 report. Proctor is identified as Officer A in the commission’s final report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2016, the city agreed to pay Glenn’s family $4 million to settle a federal wrongful death lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn was from upstate New York and at the time of his death had only recently arrived in Los Angeles after working on a sustainable farm in Northern California, according to his family’s attorney, Jim DeSimone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My brother had a heart of gold and the courage of a lion,” his sister, Brittany, said in a statement after the shooting. “Brendon was not a homeless man but rather a family man who simply went on a trip to explore a new work opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn had a 3-year-old son at the time of his death, according to DeSimone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Friends of Brendon Glenn wrote in chalk on the pavement where he died after being fatally shot by an LAPD officer May 5, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends of Brendon Glenn wrote in chalk on the pavement where he died after being fatally shot by an LAPD officer May 5, 2015. \u003ccite>(Frank Stoltze/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prosecutions Rare\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like Glenn, people shot by police officers in Los Angeles County often are unarmed. A 2015 KPCC investigation found one in four people shot by law enforcement have no weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutions, however, are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC’s analysis found the DA’s office hasn’t charged a law enforcement officer in L.A. County with criminal charges related to an on-duty shooting since 2000. In that case, former LAPD officer Ron Orosco was charged with assault and sentenced to five years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the district attorney’s division that reviews police shootings has told KPCC the law gives officers wide leeway, based on their perception of a threat to themselves or others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers are allowed to use deadly force,” said Deputy District Attorney James Garrison. “We make the decision based on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have been criticized for their reluctance to file charges. Some have suggested their close relationship with police shades their judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prosecutors have to rely on police officers in their daily work in order to keep cases moving through the criminal courts … so it interferes with that relationship,” said Phil Stinson, associate professor of criminology at Bowling Green State University in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "No Charges Against Ex-LAPD Officer for Fatally Shooting Homeless Man | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles County District Attorney Jackie Lacey on Thursday declined to file criminal charges against a former LAPD officer who fatally shot a homeless man in Venice in 2015 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/11/56778/beck-recommends-criminal-charges-in-fatal-venice-p/\">despite a recommendation from Chief Charlie Beck\u003c/a> that she do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brendon Glenn, 29, was shot by Officer Clifford Proctor, who has since resigned from the department. Proctor said he shot Glenn because he was going for his partner’s gun during a struggle just off the Venice boardwalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck said investigators found no evidence to support his claim. Footage from a nearby bar’s surveillance camera did not show Glenn’s hands near the officers’ guns. And Proctor’s own partner said he never felt any jerking movements or saw Glenn’s hand near his gun, according to the chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey disagreed: “Proctor may have reasonably believed that Glenn was reaching for his partner’s weapon,” according to a statement from the DA’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After an independent and thorough review of all the evidence in this case, we cannot prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Officer Proctor did not act within the law,” Lacey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KPCC, Lacey said “there’s no video taken from the angle where Officer Proctor was during the struggle. And so we don’t know, or we could not disprove, that Officer Proctor didn’t see what we think he saw, which is that there was some sort of danger that was occurring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 83 pages, the \u003ca href=\"http://da.lacounty.gov/media/media-resources/report-officer-involved-shooting-brendon-glenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DA’s report\u003c/a> on the case is unusually long. Such reports on officer-involved shootings typically run less than 10 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike many police shootings, which often occur late at night with few witnesses, there was a substantial amount of evidence in this one. In addition to the video from the bar’s surveillance camera, there was an officer’s body-cam video, 10 civilian eyewitnesses and DNA, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacey also took the unusual step of obtaining the opinion of a nationally recognized use-of-force expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654787\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A friend of Brendon Glenn wears a t-shirt with his photo. Glenn was fatally shot by LAPD officers May 5, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Glenn.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A friend of Brendon Glenn wears a T-shirt with his photo. Glenn was fatally shot by LAPD officers May 5, 2015. \u003ccite>(Frank Stoltze/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beck stood by his earlier calls on Lacey to pursue criminal charges against Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is my belief that former Los Angeles police officer Proctor committed manslaughter by what is called imperfect self-defense,” Beck said Thursday. “In other words, he unreasonably believed that his life was in danger and therefore he took a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn family attorney Kaveh Navab criticized Lacey’s decision, as well as the fact that the DA’s office reviews officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The DA’s office has a conflict of interest, in that they’re spineless when it comes to decisions like this,” he said. “We need an independent prosecutor that can really look at these cases independently and make a judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navab said the encounter with Glenn did not need to end with him getting shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the get-go they approached this in the wrong way,” he said. “They escalated the situation. Office Proctor acted in an aggressive and violent fashion toward Mr. Glenn, and you can see that in the video that leads up to the shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While saying, “I understand the criticism,” Lacey said, “I think it’s misplaced.” She felt the decision was not a close call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I got a chance to really look for myself at everything that we had, I came to the conclusion that we would not win this case, that we could not ethically file this case,” said Lacey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glenn shooting came amid a national uproar over police shootings and sparked angry protests in Venice and outside LAPD’s downtown headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck’s call for Lacey to file charges against Proctor, a seven-year veteran of the force, marked the first time in the chief’s career that he had publicly called on prosecutors to pursue a criminal case against an officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-800x696.jpg\" alt=\"LAPD Chief Charlie Beck stood by his earlier calls on L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey to pursue criminal charges against the officer who shot Brendon Glenn.\" width=\"800\" height=\"696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-800x696.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-160x139.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-1020x887.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-1180x1027.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-960x835.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-240x209.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-375x326.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck-520x452.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CharlieBeck.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LAPD Chief Charlie Beck stood by his earlier calls on L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey to pursue criminal charges against the officer who shot Brendon Glenn. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Anytime an unarmed person is shot by a Los Angeles police officer, it takes extraordinary circumstances to justify that,” Beck said in the aftermath of the shooting. “I have not seen those circumstances here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Police Commissioners, the civilian panel that oversees the LAPD, also found the shooting unjustified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence did not independently support Officer A’s perception that a deadly threat was present,” the commission found in an April 2016 report. Proctor is identified as Officer A in the commission’s final report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2016, the city agreed to pay Glenn’s family $4 million to settle a federal wrongful death lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn was from upstate New York and at the time of his death had only recently arrived in Los Angeles after working on a sustainable farm in Northern California, according to his family’s attorney, Jim DeSimone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My brother had a heart of gold and the courage of a lion,” his sister, Brittany, said in a statement after the shooting. “Brendon was not a homeless man but rather a family man who simply went on a trip to explore a new work opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenn had a 3-year-old son at the time of his death, according to DeSimone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Friends of Brendon Glenn wrote in chalk on the pavement where he died after being fatally shot by an LAPD officer May 5, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/GlennSidewalkChallk.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends of Brendon Glenn wrote in chalk on the pavement where he died after being fatally shot by an LAPD officer May 5, 2015. \u003ccite>(Frank Stoltze/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prosecutions Rare\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like Glenn, people shot by police officers in Los Angeles County often are unarmed. A 2015 KPCC investigation found one in four people shot by law enforcement have no weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutions, however, are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC’s analysis found the DA’s office hasn’t charged a law enforcement officer in L.A. County with criminal charges related to an on-duty shooting since 2000. In that case, former LAPD officer Ron Orosco was charged with assault and sentenced to five years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the district attorney’s division that reviews police shootings has told KPCC the law gives officers wide leeway, based on their perception of a threat to themselves or others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers are allowed to use deadly force,” said Deputy District Attorney James Garrison. “We make the decision based on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have been criticized for their reluctance to file charges. Some have suggested their close relationship with police shades their judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Police Commission Wants Fewer Homeless Arrests",
"title": "L.A. Police Commission Wants Fewer Homeless Arrests",
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"content": "\u003cp>Members of the Los Angeles Police Commission signaled Tuesday that they want the LAPD to find ways to reduce the number of homeless people it cites and arrests for minor offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers arrested more than 6,000 homeless people last year for misdemeanors like trespassing, drug offenses and failing to appear in court, according to a department report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to see fewer arrests, fewer citations,\" said Commissioner Shane Murphy Goldsmith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAPD brass defended the arrest numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use it as a last resort,\" said Chief Charlie Beck, adding he believes officers will become more skilled over time at finding ways to avoid arresting homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck also foresaw a growing role for the department in Los Angeles' effort to tackle the homelessness crisis. He said as soon as the city is ready to provide more homeless services, he’ll be ready to assign more officers to help people get those services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cmdr. Dominic Choi -- who leads the LAPD’s efforts to combat homelessness -- said officers arrest people only after repeated warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How can we reduce the number? The way to do that is to house those individuals,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But homelessness has been growing faster than the amount of housing, according to the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing shelter for the chronically homeless in L.A. County would require over 20,000 new units, it said. That’s 5,000 more than was projected two years ago when voters approved a $1.2 billion bond measure to build housing for the chronically homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment during Tuesday’s police commission meeting reflected the debate over the LAPD’s role: Is it to enforce laws homeless people are breaking or to focus more on helping social workers get people into housing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While LAPD officials stressed their primary role is public safety, most speakers said the department needs to look more compassionately toward the homeless population, which includes many people dealing with mental health problems and drug addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Carol Sobel said it makes no sense to arrest someone who refuses to move their belongings off a sidewalk -- even after repeated warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is gained by that?\" she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioner Murphy Goldsmith said she believes the LAPD is committed to alternative approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s the purpose of HOPE teams and all the other programs to reach out to homeless people,\" said Murphy Goldsmith. HOPE, which stands for Homeless Outreach and Pro-Active Engagement, is a program involving 38 officers who work with sanitation crews and social workers to clean up camps and refer people to homeless services and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also has a team of officers who concentrate on Skid Row and another that can be called upon by patrol cops when they encounter someone with mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just 23 people were placed into permanent housing through the HOPE program in 2017, and another 48 are using vouchers for temporary rooms right now.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"I want to see fewer arrests, fewer citations,\" said Commissioner Shane Murphy Goldsmith. But LAPD brass defended its arrest numbers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck also foresaw a growing role for the department in Los Angeles' effort to tackle the homelessness crisis. He said as soon as the city is ready to provide more homeless services, he’ll be ready to assign more officers to help people get those services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cmdr. Dominic Choi -- who leads the LAPD’s efforts to combat homelessness -- said officers arrest people only after repeated warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How can we reduce the number? The way to do that is to house those individuals,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But homelessness has been growing faster than the amount of housing, according to the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing shelter for the chronically homeless in L.A. County would require over 20,000 new units, it said. That’s 5,000 more than was projected two years ago when voters approved a $1.2 billion bond measure to build housing for the chronically homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public comment during Tuesday’s police commission meeting reflected the debate over the LAPD’s role: Is it to enforce laws homeless people are breaking or to focus more on helping social workers get people into housing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While LAPD officials stressed their primary role is public safety, most speakers said the department needs to look more compassionately toward the homeless population, which includes many people dealing with mental health problems and drug addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Carol Sobel said it makes no sense to arrest someone who refuses to move their belongings off a sidewalk -- even after repeated warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is gained by that?\" she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioner Murphy Goldsmith said she believes the LAPD is committed to alternative approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s the purpose of HOPE teams and all the other programs to reach out to homeless people,\" said Murphy Goldsmith. HOPE, which stands for Homeless Outreach and Pro-Active Engagement, is a program involving 38 officers who work with sanitation crews and social workers to clean up camps and refer people to homeless services and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also has a team of officers who concentrate on Skid Row and another that can be called upon by patrol cops when they encounter someone with mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just 23 people were placed into permanent housing through the HOPE program in 2017, and another 48 are using vouchers for temporary rooms right now.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"science-friday": {
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