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"slug": "california-law-recognizes-unique-health-needs-of-indigenous-latin-americans",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-drop-cap drop-cap-letter gb-font-size-3 gb-block-drop-cap\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"gb-drop-cap-text\">\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://www.eltimpano.org/\">El Tímpano\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">, a bilingual nonprofit news outlet that amplifies the voices of Latino and Mayan immigrants in Oakland and the wider Bay Area. The original version of the story can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.eltimpano.org/health/california-enacts-landmark-law-to-improve-health-data-collection-on-indigenous-people-with-roots-in-latin-america/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or two years, Latino health advocates have pushed for legislation that would require the state to collect better health data on the number of Mesoamerican indigenous peoples who immigrate to California. After a blow to their efforts in 2023, the proponents of SB1016, also known as the Latino and Indigenous Disparities Reduction Act, are now celebrating — Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill into law on Sept. 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Latino and Indigenous Disparities Reduction Act passed both chambers of the California State Legislature with overwhelming support in August. Now, with Gov. Newsom’s sign-off, the California Department of Public Health will begin distinguishing Mesoamerican Indigenous groups in health data about Latinos. Indigenous peoples from Latin America are typically lumped into government data about Latinos, although many do not identify as Latinos themselves. \u003ca href=\"https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/145891467991974540/pdf/Indigenous-Latin-America-in-the-twenty-first-century-the-first-decade.pdf\">The World Bank\u003c/a> estimates there are 780 indigenous peoples and 560 indigenous languages spoken in Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health will include 10 nationalities and six languages in data collection and will leave a blank space in surveys for people to fill out additional demographic information. The agency will have five years to produce a report that includes rates for major diseases, leading causes of death, and information about pregnancy, housing, and mental health. Then, the department will begin issuing annual reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos and Indigenous Mesoamericans are vibrant and diverse communities, each with unique health needs,” said State Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Los Angeles and the bill’s sponsor, in a public statement. “Every Latino deserves to be seen, heard, and represented in our healthcare system, especially in the data that drives resource allocation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the law call this a first step in addressing health disparities, which exist in Mesoamerican indigenous communities throughout California but are not well studied. Accurate data on the population size of indigenous peoples in California is also sparse — one advocacy group, the Mixteco/Indigena Community Organizing Project, \u003ca href=\"https://mixteco.org/mixtec/#:~:text=California%20is%20home%20to%20an,Mixtecs%2C%20Zapotecs%2C%20and%20Pur%C3%A9pechas.\">estimates\u003c/a> there are more than 170,000 indigenous people in California who originate from Mexico alone. In Oakland, an indigenous Mayan Mam-speaking population from Guatemala has grown rapidly in recent years, and estimates for population size have ranged from \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/oakland-fruitvale-guatemala-neighborhood-17667201.php\">10,000\u003c/a> to up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/community-in-oaklands-fruitvale-district-works-to-save-ancient-guatemalan-language/\">40,000\u003c/a>, according to some news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"Several women wearing red clothing and aprons stand around a table with a cooler on it while holding plates of food.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1703\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indigenous-Mayan women distribute lunch following weaving and Mam courses at the Clinton Park Community Center in Oakland on July 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Hiram Alejandro Durán for El Tímpano/CatchLight Local/Report for America corps member)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gerardo Jeronimo, an Oakland-based certified medical interpreter for Mayan Mam, said he had seen firsthand how lumping Indigenous folks in with all Latinos can cause significant harm in health care settings, leading to misunderstandings, inconsistent care, and, in some cases, worsening health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeronimo, who immigrated from Guatemala 20 years ago and speaks the Todos Santos dialect of Mayan Mam, began working as a medical interpreter nearly six years ago at Alameda Health Systems and has since branched out on his own, starting an interpreting company called El Interprete Maya. He said the new law is long overdue, and he hopes the information collected will help improve language accessibility and culturally competent care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health care system is a machine,” Jeronimo said. “That’s where SB 1016 is very important because now you can kind of let the machine know, ‘By the way, I don’t speak Spanish … I don’t fit really nicely into this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have all done so much work to get here to this very moment, and we are incredibly grateful that the Governor has signed SB1016 into law,” said Arcenio Lopez, Executive Director of MICOP, in a public statement. “This decision is a major milestone in recognizing the thriving Indigenous Mesoamerican communities in California. Our voices have been heard, and we are thrilled to see this crucial step toward data equity and justice, ensuring that the Indigenous community is fully represented and supported.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, a health advocacy organization, has led the data disaggregation effort with sponsorship by Gonzalez. The duo attempted to pass a similar bill last year, which would have required two different agencies to collect data. That bill also passed with overwhelming support in both legislative chambers but was vetoed by Gov. Newsom in October 2023, who said the bill was “premature” and that the federal government’s Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was taking similar steps to disaggregate data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of 2024, the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/briefing-room/2024/03/28/omb-publishes-revisions-to-statistical-policy-directive-no-15-standards-for-maintaining-collecting-and-presenting-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity/#:~:text=Using%20one%20combined%20question%20for,data%20when%20useful%20and%20appropriate.\">announced\u003c/a> the OMB changes to include disaggregated data by ethnicity, but the changes did not meet the level of specificity California health advocates were hoping for.[aside postID=\"news_12005009,arts_13966047\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the power and we can establish that legacy and that leadership by going beyond the OMB outlined changes to actually reflect the population in California,” said Seciah Aquino, Executive Director of the Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, in an interview before Gov. Newsom signed the bill. “Given that we make up 40% of the population — over 16 million Latinos and Indigenous community members — we need that data at the detailed level to actually dig deeper into health outcomes, but also to bring success and effectiveness to many of the programs and campaigns that we have been able to advance in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"A white man wearing a suit sits at a desk in an office writing on a piece of paper with an American flag behind him.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-2048x1331.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1920x1248.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom signed SB610 on Sept 28 after vetoing a similar bill last year. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy of Governor of California via Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to The Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, the California Department of Public Health estimates that implementation of the bill will cost the department more than $4.7 million between fiscal years 2027 to 2029 to get the research off the ground, followed by $718,000 in annual costs. However, Aquino believes that the estimate is too high, considering that the agency has already established a data disaggregation process for the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPP/Pages/AB-1726-Asian-and-Pacific-Islander-Data-Disaggregation.aspx\">Asian and Pacific Islander population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, a California Department of Public Health spokesperson said the agency was “looking forward” to implementing the new law“to continue to improve the health and welfare of the people from these communities.” The department did not confirm the estimated cost when asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who work closely with indigenous communities, the potential cost is a small tradeoff for improved health care among a growing and often overlooked population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeronimo, for example, said he recently worked with an indigenous patient who was diagnosed with cancer in 2021 and had been receiving complicated information regarding his diagnosis and treatment in Spanish despite Mayan Mam being his primary language. Jeronimo said the man was not aware of the type of cancer he had been diagnosed with and had not been taking his medication as prescribed because of confusion caused by the language barrier, a situation that could been avoided had the man been identified as an Indigenous Mayan Mam speaker sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By identifying the indigenous language before the health care journey begins, they’re saving everybody time, everybody emotional impact, financial impact, and socially, you create a rapport,” Jeronimo said. “You’re creating a safe place.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Indigenous people have been classified as Latino despite distinct culture, language and health outcomes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-drop-cap drop-cap-letter gb-font-size-3 gb-block-drop-cap\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"gb-drop-cap-text\">\n\u003cp>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://www.eltimpano.org/\">El Tímpano\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">, a bilingual nonprofit news outlet that amplifies the voices of Latino and Mayan immigrants in Oakland and the wider Bay Area. The original version of the story can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.eltimpano.org/health/california-enacts-landmark-law-to-improve-health-data-collection-on-indigenous-people-with-roots-in-latin-america/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>or two years, Latino health advocates have pushed for legislation that would require the state to collect better health data on the number of Mesoamerican indigenous peoples who immigrate to California. After a blow to their efforts in 2023, the proponents of SB1016, also known as the Latino and Indigenous Disparities Reduction Act, are now celebrating — Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill into law on Sept. 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Latino and Indigenous Disparities Reduction Act passed both chambers of the California State Legislature with overwhelming support in August. Now, with Gov. Newsom’s sign-off, the California Department of Public Health will begin distinguishing Mesoamerican Indigenous groups in health data about Latinos. Indigenous peoples from Latin America are typically lumped into government data about Latinos, although many do not identify as Latinos themselves. \u003ca href=\"https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/145891467991974540/pdf/Indigenous-Latin-America-in-the-twenty-first-century-the-first-decade.pdf\">The World Bank\u003c/a> estimates there are 780 indigenous peoples and 560 indigenous languages spoken in Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health will include 10 nationalities and six languages in data collection and will leave a blank space in surveys for people to fill out additional demographic information. The agency will have five years to produce a report that includes rates for major diseases, leading causes of death, and information about pregnancy, housing, and mental health. Then, the department will begin issuing annual reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos and Indigenous Mesoamericans are vibrant and diverse communities, each with unique health needs,” said State Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Los Angeles and the bill’s sponsor, in a public statement. “Every Latino deserves to be seen, heard, and represented in our healthcare system, especially in the data that drives resource allocation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the law call this a first step in addressing health disparities, which exist in Mesoamerican indigenous communities throughout California but are not well studied. Accurate data on the population size of indigenous peoples in California is also sparse — one advocacy group, the Mixteco/Indigena Community Organizing Project, \u003ca href=\"https://mixteco.org/mixtec/#:~:text=California%20is%20home%20to%20an,Mixtecs%2C%20Zapotecs%2C%20and%20Pur%C3%A9pechas.\">estimates\u003c/a> there are more than 170,000 indigenous people in California who originate from Mexico alone. In Oakland, an indigenous Mayan Mam-speaking population from Guatemala has grown rapidly in recent years, and estimates for population size have ranged from \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/oakland-fruitvale-guatemala-neighborhood-17667201.php\">10,000\u003c/a> to up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/community-in-oaklands-fruitvale-district-works-to-save-ancient-guatemalan-language/\">40,000\u003c/a>, according to some news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"Several women wearing red clothing and aprons stand around a table with a cooler on it while holding plates of food.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1703\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-02-scaled-1-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indigenous-Mayan women distribute lunch following weaving and Mam courses at the Clinton Park Community Center in Oakland on July 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Hiram Alejandro Durán for El Tímpano/CatchLight Local/Report for America corps member)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gerardo Jeronimo, an Oakland-based certified medical interpreter for Mayan Mam, said he had seen firsthand how lumping Indigenous folks in with all Latinos can cause significant harm in health care settings, leading to misunderstandings, inconsistent care, and, in some cases, worsening health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeronimo, who immigrated from Guatemala 20 years ago and speaks the Todos Santos dialect of Mayan Mam, began working as a medical interpreter nearly six years ago at Alameda Health Systems and has since branched out on his own, starting an interpreting company called El Interprete Maya. He said the new law is long overdue, and he hopes the information collected will help improve language accessibility and culturally competent care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health care system is a machine,” Jeronimo said. “That’s where SB 1016 is very important because now you can kind of let the machine know, ‘By the way, I don’t speak Spanish … I don’t fit really nicely into this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have all done so much work to get here to this very moment, and we are incredibly grateful that the Governor has signed SB1016 into law,” said Arcenio Lopez, Executive Director of MICOP, in a public statement. “This decision is a major milestone in recognizing the thriving Indigenous Mesoamerican communities in California. Our voices have been heard, and we are thrilled to see this crucial step toward data equity and justice, ensuring that the Indigenous community is fully represented and supported.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, a health advocacy organization, has led the data disaggregation effort with sponsorship by Gonzalez. The duo attempted to pass a similar bill last year, which would have required two different agencies to collect data. That bill also passed with overwhelming support in both legislative chambers but was vetoed by Gov. Newsom in October 2023, who said the bill was “premature” and that the federal government’s Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was taking similar steps to disaggregate data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of 2024, the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/briefing-room/2024/03/28/omb-publishes-revisions-to-statistical-policy-directive-no-15-standards-for-maintaining-collecting-and-presenting-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity/#:~:text=Using%20one%20combined%20question%20for,data%20when%20useful%20and%20appropriate.\">announced\u003c/a> the OMB changes to include disaggregated data by ethnicity, but the changes did not meet the level of specificity California health advocates were hoping for.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the power and we can establish that legacy and that leadership by going beyond the OMB outlined changes to actually reflect the population in California,” said Seciah Aquino, Executive Director of the Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, in an interview before Gov. Newsom signed the bill. “Given that we make up 40% of the population — over 16 million Latinos and Indigenous community members — we need that data at the detailed level to actually dig deeper into health outcomes, but also to bring success and effectiveness to many of the programs and campaigns that we have been able to advance in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"A white man wearing a suit sits at a desk in an office writing on a piece of paper with an American flag behind him.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-2048x1331.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/10.02.2024-SB1016-03-scaled-1-1920x1248.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom signed SB610 on Sept 28 after vetoing a similar bill last year. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy of Governor of California via Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to The Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, the California Department of Public Health estimates that implementation of the bill will cost the department more than $4.7 million between fiscal years 2027 to 2029 to get the research off the ground, followed by $718,000 in annual costs. However, Aquino believes that the estimate is too high, considering that the agency has already established a data disaggregation process for the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPP/Pages/AB-1726-Asian-and-Pacific-Islander-Data-Disaggregation.aspx\">Asian and Pacific Islander population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, a California Department of Public Health spokesperson said the agency was “looking forward” to implementing the new law“to continue to improve the health and welfare of the people from these communities.” The department did not confirm the estimated cost when asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who work closely with indigenous communities, the potential cost is a small tradeoff for improved health care among a growing and often overlooked population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeronimo, for example, said he recently worked with an indigenous patient who was diagnosed with cancer in 2021 and had been receiving complicated information regarding his diagnosis and treatment in Spanish despite Mayan Mam being his primary language. Jeronimo said the man was not aware of the type of cancer he had been diagnosed with and had not been taking his medication as prescribed because of confusion caused by the language barrier, a situation that could been avoided had the man been identified as an Indigenous Mayan Mam speaker sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By identifying the indigenous language before the health care journey begins, they’re saving everybody time, everybody emotional impact, financial impact, and socially, you create a rapport,” Jeronimo said. “You’re creating a safe place.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-tiny-tribe-is-getting-pushback-for-betting-big-on-a-600-million-casino-in-sonoma-county",
"title": "A Tiny Tribe Is Getting Pushback for Betting Big on a $600 Million Casino in Sonoma County",
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"headTitle": "A Tiny Tribe Is Getting Pushback for Betting Big on a $600 Million Casino in Sonoma County | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"meta-details ng-star-inserted\">\n\u003cp>For decades a small, landless tribe in Northern California has been on a mission to get land, open a casino and tap into the gaming market enjoyed by so many other tribes that earn millions of dollars annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Koi Nation’s chances of owning a Las Vegas-style casino seemed impossible until a federal court ruling in 2019 cleared the way for the tiny tribe to find a financial partner to buy land and place it into a trust to make it eligible for a casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the tribe of 96 members has teamed up with the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma, which owns the biggest casino in the world, and is waiting for U.S. Department of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland to decide whether the 68-acre parcel the tribe bought for $12.3 million in Sonoma County in 2021 is put into trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placing the land into trust would allow the Koi to move closer to building a $600 million casino and resort on prime real estate in the heart of Northern California’s wine country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision comes as the U.S. government tries to atone for its history of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/indigenous-oklahoma-alabama-tribal-nations-muscogee-creek-poarch-casino-02ed12bfc17353e39430e9250f3bbd7b\">dispossessing Indigenous people of their land\u003c/a>, in part through a federal legal process that goes beyond reinstating ancestral lands and allows a tribe to put land under trust if it can prove “a significant historical connection to the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Koi Nation, a Southeastern Pomo tribe whose ancestors lived in Northern California for thousands of years, faces mounting opposition from other tribes and even California Gov. Gavin Newsom over its plans for the Shiloh Resort and Casino, which would include a 2,500-slot machine casino and 400-room hotel with spa and pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the casino would be built near Windsor, about 65 miles north of San Francisco, near two other Native American casinos a few miles away: Graton Resort and Casino in Rohnert Park and River Rock Casino in Geyserville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007038\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Graton Casino & Resort as viewed on Dec. 4, 2016, in Rohnert Park, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The money generated would allow tribal members a better life in one of the country’s most expensive regions, including educational opportunities for young tribe members, said Dino Beltran, vice chairman of the Koi Nation’s Tribal Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has taken us years to be on the same playing field as every other tribe in the United States and now the same tribes that have established themselves are against us. It’s a very sad thing,” Beltran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most vocal critics of the Koi Nation’s project is Greg Sarris, chairman of Graton Rancheria, a federation of Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo people with more than 1,500 members. The tribe’s casino is the biggest in the Bay Area and is undergoing a $1 billion expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarris, who last year was appointed by Newsom to the University of California Board of Regents, said the Koi Nation are Southeastern Pomo people whose ancestral home is in Lake County, about 50 miles northeast of the project site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe, Sarris said, is not linguistically, culturally or historically connected to Sonoma County and he accused the tribe of cherry-picking land that already draws tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are claiming that part of their deep historical connection is they had a family member in the early 20th century who lived in Sonoma County,” Sarris scoffed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 651px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007041\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"651\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626.jpg 651w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Sarris, chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, at the opening of the new Graton Casino & Resort on Nov. 5, 2013, in Rohnert Park. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Indian Gaming Regulation Act, enacted by Congress in 1988, sets rules for how and where Native American tribes can operate casinos, and generally limits them to ancestral lands that have been returned to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law also makes a “restored lands” exception for federally recognized tribes that do not have a reservation — or rancheria, as they are called in California — to build a casino outside their ancestral land if the tribe can show historical and modern connections to the area where the gambling facility will be located. The land also has to be near where a significant number of tribal members reside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking, tribes cannot game on any land that is taken into trust after 1988 but there are important exceptions to that general prohibition that are meant to be fair to tribes that did not have land in 1988,” said Kathryn Rand, an expert on tribal gaming law at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas’s International Center for Gaming Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before white colonizers arrived in California, Koi Nation’s ancestors lived on an island in Lake County and traded with other tribes in Northern California, according to the tribe’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1916, the U.S. government approved land in Lake County for Koi Nation’s rancheria about 28 miles north of the proposed casino site. The land was eventually declared uninhabitable by the Bureau of Indian Affairs because of its rocky terrain and many Koi families moved south to neighboring Sonoma County, mainly to Sebastopol and Santa Rosa, where the tribe is now headquartered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four decades later, the federal government took that land and sold it for an airport, leaving the tribe landless. After a lengthy court battle, a federal judge in 2019 ruled the Koi Nation had the right to pursue buying land for a casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Anderson, a Koi Nation attorney, said a historic trail used by the tribe from the Clear Lake basin to Bodega Bay, on Sonoma County’s Pacific Coast, runs through a portion of the property, which supports the legal requirement of having a “significant historical connection to the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said their legal case is strong. But, “the politics is a whole different thing,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarris, whose casino gives millions to small, non-gaming tribes and has become a major donor to California politicians, said the Koi Nation has previously tried to get land under trust to open a casino in Solano and Alameda counties and accused the tribe of “reservation shopping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the term was offensive and Sarris is simply trying to protect his lucrative casino from competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about market protection, that’s the heart of it,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and local politicians also oppose the project along with the Dry Creek Band of Pomo Indians, which operates River Rock Casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s office sent a letter last month to Department of the Interior Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs Bryan Newland urging him not to move forward with the Shiloh casino project and another proposed casino in the Bay Area, saying the governor is concerned the department is not considering other sites for the casinos and approving them would “stretch the limits of the ‘restored lands’ exception.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12003399,news_11956856,education_535779\"]The department is weighing three other land trust applications under the “restored lands” exception, including one by the Scotts Valley Tribe that wants to build a casino in Solano County. In Oregon, the Coquille Indian Tribe wants to open a casino in Medford, about 170 miles south of its tribal headquarters and closer to the California border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casino-owning tribes are pushing back on both. The Guidiville Rancheria tribe in Northern California has applied but has not yet identified land for their project, according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haaland will consider several factors in making her decision, including opposition to the casinos, said Steve Light, an expert on tribal gaming policy at the UNLV International Center for Gaming Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the secretary also will take into account whether the casino will help with “tribal self-determination, tribal self-governance, and tribal economic development, job creation and resources for the tribe,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 574 federally recognized tribes, 110 are in California. According to the American Gaming Association, there are 87 tribal casinos in the state, making California the largest tribal gaming market in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With 40 million people in California, this is presumably still an untapped market, but one that is increasingly competitive,” Light said.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"meta-details metadata text-story\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Koi Nation teamed up with the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma to move a step closer to building a $600 million casino in the heart of California’s wine country, but other tribes oppose the move.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"meta-details ng-star-inserted\">\n\u003cp>For decades a small, landless tribe in Northern California has been on a mission to get land, open a casino and tap into the gaming market enjoyed by so many other tribes that earn millions of dollars annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Koi Nation’s chances of owning a Las Vegas-style casino seemed impossible until a federal court ruling in 2019 cleared the way for the tiny tribe to find a financial partner to buy land and place it into a trust to make it eligible for a casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the tribe of 96 members has teamed up with the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma, which owns the biggest casino in the world, and is waiting for U.S. Department of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland to decide whether the 68-acre parcel the tribe bought for $12.3 million in Sonoma County in 2021 is put into trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placing the land into trust would allow the Koi to move closer to building a $600 million casino and resort on prime real estate in the heart of Northern California’s wine country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision comes as the U.S. government tries to atone for its history of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/indigenous-oklahoma-alabama-tribal-nations-muscogee-creek-poarch-casino-02ed12bfc17353e39430e9250f3bbd7b\">dispossessing Indigenous people of their land\u003c/a>, in part through a federal legal process that goes beyond reinstating ancestral lands and allows a tribe to put land under trust if it can prove “a significant historical connection to the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Koi Nation, a Southeastern Pomo tribe whose ancestors lived in Northern California for thousands of years, faces mounting opposition from other tribes and even California Gov. Gavin Newsom over its plans for the Shiloh Resort and Casino, which would include a 2,500-slot machine casino and 400-room hotel with spa and pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the casino would be built near Windsor, about 65 miles north of San Francisco, near two other Native American casinos a few miles away: Graton Resort and Casino in Rohnert Park and River Rock Casino in Geyserville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007038\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-637889198-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Graton Casino & Resort as viewed on Dec. 4, 2016, in Rohnert Park, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The money generated would allow tribal members a better life in one of the country’s most expensive regions, including educational opportunities for young tribe members, said Dino Beltran, vice chairman of the Koi Nation’s Tribal Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has taken us years to be on the same playing field as every other tribe in the United States and now the same tribes that have established themselves are against us. It’s a very sad thing,” Beltran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most vocal critics of the Koi Nation’s project is Greg Sarris, chairman of Graton Rancheria, a federation of Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo people with more than 1,500 members. The tribe’s casino is the biggest in the Bay Area and is undergoing a $1 billion expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarris, who last year was appointed by Newsom to the University of California Board of Regents, said the Koi Nation are Southeastern Pomo people whose ancestral home is in Lake County, about 50 miles northeast of the project site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe, Sarris said, is not linguistically, culturally or historically connected to Sonoma County and he accused the tribe of cherry-picking land that already draws tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are claiming that part of their deep historical connection is they had a family member in the early 20th century who lived in Sonoma County,” Sarris scoffed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 651px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007041\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"651\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626.jpg 651w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-450831369-e1727633517626-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Sarris, chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, at the opening of the new Graton Casino & Resort on Nov. 5, 2013, in Rohnert Park. \u003ccite>(George Rose/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Indian Gaming Regulation Act, enacted by Congress in 1988, sets rules for how and where Native American tribes can operate casinos, and generally limits them to ancestral lands that have been returned to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law also makes a “restored lands” exception for federally recognized tribes that do not have a reservation — or rancheria, as they are called in California — to build a casino outside their ancestral land if the tribe can show historical and modern connections to the area where the gambling facility will be located. The land also has to be near where a significant number of tribal members reside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking, tribes cannot game on any land that is taken into trust after 1988 but there are important exceptions to that general prohibition that are meant to be fair to tribes that did not have land in 1988,” said Kathryn Rand, an expert on tribal gaming law at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas’s International Center for Gaming Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before white colonizers arrived in California, Koi Nation’s ancestors lived on an island in Lake County and traded with other tribes in Northern California, according to the tribe’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1916, the U.S. government approved land in Lake County for Koi Nation’s rancheria about 28 miles north of the proposed casino site. The land was eventually declared uninhabitable by the Bureau of Indian Affairs because of its rocky terrain and many Koi families moved south to neighboring Sonoma County, mainly to Sebastopol and Santa Rosa, where the tribe is now headquartered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four decades later, the federal government took that land and sold it for an airport, leaving the tribe landless. After a lengthy court battle, a federal judge in 2019 ruled the Koi Nation had the right to pursue buying land for a casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Anderson, a Koi Nation attorney, said a historic trail used by the tribe from the Clear Lake basin to Bodega Bay, on Sonoma County’s Pacific Coast, runs through a portion of the property, which supports the legal requirement of having a “significant historical connection to the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said their legal case is strong. But, “the politics is a whole different thing,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarris, whose casino gives millions to small, non-gaming tribes and has become a major donor to California politicians, said the Koi Nation has previously tried to get land under trust to open a casino in Solano and Alameda counties and accused the tribe of “reservation shopping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the term was offensive and Sarris is simply trying to protect his lucrative casino from competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about market protection, that’s the heart of it,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and local politicians also oppose the project along with the Dry Creek Band of Pomo Indians, which operates River Rock Casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s office sent a letter last month to Department of the Interior Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs Bryan Newland urging him not to move forward with the Shiloh casino project and another proposed casino in the Bay Area, saying the governor is concerned the department is not considering other sites for the casinos and approving them would “stretch the limits of the ‘restored lands’ exception.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The department is weighing three other land trust applications under the “restored lands” exception, including one by the Scotts Valley Tribe that wants to build a casino in Solano County. In Oregon, the Coquille Indian Tribe wants to open a casino in Medford, about 170 miles south of its tribal headquarters and closer to the California border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casino-owning tribes are pushing back on both. The Guidiville Rancheria tribe in Northern California has applied but has not yet identified land for their project, according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haaland will consider several factors in making her decision, including opposition to the casinos, said Steve Light, an expert on tribal gaming policy at the UNLV International Center for Gaming Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the secretary also will take into account whether the casino will help with “tribal self-determination, tribal self-governance, and tribal economic development, job creation and resources for the tribe,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 574 federally recognized tribes, 110 are in California. According to the American Gaming Association, there are 87 tribal casinos in the state, making California the largest tribal gaming market in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With 40 million people in California, this is presumably still an untapped market, but one that is increasingly competitive,” Light said.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"meta-details metadata text-story\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-promises-to-cut-maternal-mortality-in-half-by-2026",
"title": "California Promises to Cut Maternal Mortality in Half by 2026",
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"headTitle": "California Promises to Cut Maternal Mortality in Half by 2026 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s surgeon general, Dr. Diana Ramos, introduced a new initiative on Tuesday that promises to cut the state’s maternal mortality rate by 50% by December 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a mother in California loses her life to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pregnancy\">pregnancy\u003c/a>-related complications every five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pregnancy is more than just a pivotal moment in a woman’s life; it is also a crucial indicator of future health. Complications like diabetes, hypertension, and depression can reappear later in life, often triggered by the conditions surrounding childbirth,” Ramos said. “We cannot stand idly by as preventable deaths continue to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p0919-pregnancy-related-deaths.html#:~:text=More%20than%2080%25%20of%20pregnancy,to%201%20year%20after%20pregnancy.\">80%\u003c/a> of maternal deaths are preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maternal health mortality disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous and other women of color. Black mothers are \u003ca href=\"https://www.prb.org/resources/black-women-over-three-times-more-likely-to-die-in-pregnancy-postpartum-than-white-women-new-research-finds/\">three times\u003c/a> more likely to die compared to white women. In California, maternal mortality rates have worsened over the years despite advancements in healthcare technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12004431 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240910-CHILDCARE-REAX-MD-04-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partnerships are a key anchor of the initiative, which the state has dubbed “Strong Start & Beyond.” Educational campaigns will help build awareness of resources available through advocacy organizations and churches. Other primary tenants include integrating mental health services, improving access to prenatal care, and increasing patient engagement in their health care decisions. Finally, the initiative aims to address the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Report%20on%20Healthcare%20Facilities%20and%20the%20California%20Dignity%20in%20Pregnancy%20and%20Childbirth%20Act%20(2).pdf\">distrust\u003c/a> that many marginalized communities have for the healthcare system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that systemic biases in healthcare have contributed to this distrust. That must change,” first partner Jennifer Siebel Newsom said. “Women deserve the right to be heard and seen during their pregnancies, and their lives depend on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the blueprint outlines a series of lofty goals, it’s light on details of how the state will accomplish them beyond promises of “collaboration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eyes will be on whether California can achieve what is increasingly seen as a public health imperative — saving the lives of mothers across all communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s surgeon general, Dr. Diana Ramos, introduced a new initiative on Tuesday that promises to cut the state’s maternal mortality rate by 50% by December 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a mother in California loses her life to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pregnancy\">pregnancy\u003c/a>-related complications every five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pregnancy is more than just a pivotal moment in a woman’s life; it is also a crucial indicator of future health. Complications like diabetes, hypertension, and depression can reappear later in life, often triggered by the conditions surrounding childbirth,” Ramos said. “We cannot stand idly by as preventable deaths continue to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p0919-pregnancy-related-deaths.html#:~:text=More%20than%2080%25%20of%20pregnancy,to%201%20year%20after%20pregnancy.\">80%\u003c/a> of maternal deaths are preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maternal health mortality disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous and other women of color. Black mothers are \u003ca href=\"https://www.prb.org/resources/black-women-over-three-times-more-likely-to-die-in-pregnancy-postpartum-than-white-women-new-research-finds/\">three times\u003c/a> more likely to die compared to white women. In California, maternal mortality rates have worsened over the years despite advancements in healthcare technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partnerships are a key anchor of the initiative, which the state has dubbed “Strong Start & Beyond.” Educational campaigns will help build awareness of resources available through advocacy organizations and churches. Other primary tenants include integrating mental health services, improving access to prenatal care, and increasing patient engagement in their health care decisions. Finally, the initiative aims to address the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Report%20on%20Healthcare%20Facilities%20and%20the%20California%20Dignity%20in%20Pregnancy%20and%20Childbirth%20Act%20(2).pdf\">distrust\u003c/a> that many marginalized communities have for the healthcare system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that systemic biases in healthcare have contributed to this distrust. That must change,” first partner Jennifer Siebel Newsom said. “Women deserve the right to be heard and seen during their pregnancies, and their lives depend on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the blueprint outlines a series of lofty goals, it’s light on details of how the state will accomplish them beyond promises of “collaboration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eyes will be on whether California can achieve what is increasingly seen as a public health imperative — saving the lives of mothers across all communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985188/californias-central-coast-nears-first-indigenous-named-marine-sanctuary-in-us\">California’s Central Coast Could Gain First Indigenous-Named Marine Sanctuary in US\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s Central Coast is the ancestral homeland of indigenous California tribes including the Chumash and Salinan peoples. For years, the Northern Chumash have been working to create a new marine sanctuary. If the federal government approves that designation this summer, California would be home to the first national marine sanctuary nominated by, and named after, an indigenous tribe. It’s the culmination of decades of tribal conservation work. And, as reporter Benjamin Purper tells us, it’s also the legacy of a father and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985235/sf-born-rock-climber-beth-rodden-shares-triumphs-traumas-in-new-memoir\">Bay Area Rock Climber Beth Rodden Shares Triumphs, Traumas in New Memoir\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Professional rock climber Beth Rodden has conquered some of the most treacherous climbs in the world. In some cases, as the first person ever to scale those heights. She was the first woman to complete two routes up Yosemite’s famous El Capitan, with no gear helping to pull her up. But despite her success, she’s battled raging self-doubt and multiple injuries. Rodden spoke to KQED’s Bianca Taylor about her new memoir, \u003cem>A Light Through the Cracks: A Climber’s Story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765982/an-apple-pancake-as-big-as-a-pie-at-this-50s-l-a-diner-its-true\">An Apple Pancake as Big as a Pie? At This ’50s L.A. Diner, It’s True\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re revisiting a story from our Hidden Gems series about an old-school Los Angeles diner called Dinah’s, which closed its doors at the end of April. A developer bought the restaurant site and announced ambitious plans for new construction. Dinah’s is reopening as a new kind of restaurant in Culver City, but it’s the end of an era for the diner that’s been serving customers for more than six decades in the same location near the LA airport. Sasha Khokha takes us there.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985188/californias-central-coast-nears-first-indigenous-named-marine-sanctuary-in-us\">California’s Central Coast Could Gain First Indigenous-Named Marine Sanctuary in US\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s Central Coast is the ancestral homeland of indigenous California tribes including the Chumash and Salinan peoples. For years, the Northern Chumash have been working to create a new marine sanctuary. If the federal government approves that designation this summer, California would be home to the first national marine sanctuary nominated by, and named after, an indigenous tribe. It’s the culmination of decades of tribal conservation work. And, as reporter Benjamin Purper tells us, it’s also the legacy of a father and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985235/sf-born-rock-climber-beth-rodden-shares-triumphs-traumas-in-new-memoir\">Bay Area Rock Climber Beth Rodden Shares Triumphs, Traumas in New Memoir\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Professional rock climber Beth Rodden has conquered some of the most treacherous climbs in the world. In some cases, as the first person ever to scale those heights. She was the first woman to complete two routes up Yosemite’s famous El Capitan, with no gear helping to pull her up. But despite her success, she’s battled raging self-doubt and multiple injuries. Rodden spoke to KQED’s Bianca Taylor about her new memoir, \u003cem>A Light Through the Cracks: A Climber’s Story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765982/an-apple-pancake-as-big-as-a-pie-at-this-50s-l-a-diner-its-true\">An Apple Pancake as Big as a Pie? At This ’50s L.A. Diner, It’s True\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re revisiting a story from our Hidden Gems series about an old-school Los Angeles diner called Dinah’s, which closed its doors at the end of April. A developer bought the restaurant site and announced ambitious plans for new construction. Dinah’s is reopening as a new kind of restaurant in Culver City, but it’s the end of an era for the diner that’s been serving customers for more than six decades in the same location near the LA airport. Sasha Khokha takes us there.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "californias-central-coast-nears-first-indigenous-named-marine-sanctuary-in-us",
"title": "California's Central Coast Could Gain First Indigenous-Named Marine Sanctuary in US",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s Central Coast is home to one of the world’s most \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/marine-protected-areas/research-and-monitoring/regional-baseline-monitoring/regional-baseline-monitoring-central-coast/#:~:text=Central%20Coast%20waters%20are%20home,than%20450%20marine%20algae%20species.\">biodiverse stretches of ocean\u003c/a>. It’s full of rare and endangered species like gray whales, peregrine falcons and sea otters. It’s also the ancestral homeland of Native American tribes, including the Indigenous Chumash and Salinan peoples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, the Northern Chumash have been working to create a new national marine sanctuary that would protect these waters from offshore oil drilling and other development. If the federal government approves the designation this summer, it would be the first marine sanctuary in the U.S. to be nominated by, and named after, an Indigenous tribe. It’s the culmination of decades of tribal conservation work — but it’s also the legacy of a father and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A sanctuary decades in the making\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1972, the federal government created the\u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/history/\"> National Marine Sanctuary system\u003c/a>. Within the next few decades, two sanctuaries were designated on California’s Central Coast: \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/intro/welcome.html\">Monterey Bay\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://channelislands.noaa.gov/about/\">Channel Islands\u003c/a>. Together, they protect about 7,500 square miles of ocean. \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/faqs.html\">Sanctuary status bans \u003c/a>new offshore oil and gas development, disturbing wildlife and historical resources, discharging sewage and more. It allows fishing and recreational activities like boating within certain limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Chumash tribal members have been lobbying for a third protected stretch of ocean, which would be called the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary off the coasts of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985182\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Violet Sage Walker, Chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gina Cinardo, Northern Chumash Tribal Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This has been an ongoing dream of the Chumash people and the community for more than my lifetime — almost 50 years now,” said Violet Sage Walker, chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://northernchumash.org/our-story/\">Northern Chumash Tribal Council\u003c/a> (NCTC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker is the daughter of the late Fred Collins, a former tribal chair famous for his environmental activism \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11940494/a-step-towards-healing-chumash-members-reunite-sacred-rock\">around the Central Coast\u003c/a>. He proposed a new sanctuary to join the existing Channel Islands and Monterey Bay sanctuaries to create one continuous 20,000-square-mile stretch of protected ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This issue here is so big that we need another layer of protection so that my grandsons and my great-grandchildren won’t see oil wells off of our coast here,” said Collins, in 2015, the year he proposed the sanctuary to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a legacy I intended to leave here, that our children will never see oil drilling going on, [or] fracking off of our coast,” he told the crowd at a \u003ca href=\"https://northernchumash.org/watch-nctc-chief-fred-collins-how-diablo-canyon-nuclear-power-plant-got-its-name/\">renewable energy conference in San Luis Obispo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ySBYGN1Ki14?si=-m6429UJJJw2RoV6\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government accepted Collins’ proposal that same year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It was the] first tribally-led tribal nomination of a National Marine Sanctuary ever,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was stuck in bureaucratic limbo until 2021, when the Biden administration gave the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) the green light to begin exploring the designation, an extensive, multi-year process of scientific evaluation and gathering public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fred Collins died just before NOAA began taking these steps — and long before he could see the sanctuary become official. Three years later, the federal government is expected to announce its final decision on designating the sanctuary this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a catch: If approved, the new marine sanctuary may not look as Collins originally intended. Last fall, the federal government proposed a change that surprised many tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Minding the ‘gap’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After receiving tens of thousands of public comments, NOAA released an \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">“agency-preferred alternative”\u003c/a> in August 2023. It includes a new map that would remove Morro Bay, Cayucos and Cambria from the sanctuary boundaries. This gap would leave the ocean around Morro Rock, a Chumash sacred site, out of federal protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA cited \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/faqs.html\">several reasons\u003c/a> for the new proposal. One is that members of another Central Coast Indigenous tribe, the Salinan, voiced their opposition to a marine sanctuary named after the Chumash tribe in an area the Salinan also consider their ancestral waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985187\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985187\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the Agency-Preferred Alternative boundary of the area NOAA proposes to designate as Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Courtesy NOAA )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another key concern is the plan to build renewable wind energy sites in the region. Three companies now have leases to put massive floating offshore wind turbines into the waters of Morro Bay, which would require laying underwater cables to channel that energy back to shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at that and thought that might be just too much industrial development within a National Marine Sanctuary,” said Paul Michel, Regional Policy Coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast sanctuary program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel said the gap in the proposed boundary is one possible solution to balance the interests of all ocean users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot that sanctuaries bring to communities, especially in this stretch of coast where there’s just so many issues and complexities and uses — from Department of Defense to nuclear power plants to launching missiles at Vandenberg [Space Force Base], offshore wind energy,” Michel said. “This is a busy coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, some Chumash tribal members balked at leaving a gap in the sanctuary boundaries, especially excluding Morro Rock, an area sacred to their tribe. Shortly after the announcement, they held an event called \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Cxb1islB9mI/?img_index=1\">Rally at the Rock\u003c/a> to advocate for Morro Bay’s inclusion in the zone protected by the sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The shore at the base of Morro Rock. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker and other Chumash tribal members sang songs, met with local leaders and called for people to submit public comments asking NOAA to close the gap. Morro Rock is not only sacred to the Chumash but other Indigenous tribes, and the waters around it would otherwise be left out of sanctuary protection in NOAA’s counter-proposal.[aside postID=news_11940494 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62630_rock2018-qut-1020x728.jpg']In April, the Northern Chumash Tribal Council \u003ca href=\"https://chumashsanctuary.org/2024/04/23/joint-support-for-sanctuary-designation/\">announced a compromise\u003c/a> with the wind companies. In a joint statement, they asked NOAA for a phased approach of leaving the gap in place for now, then later, expanding the sanctuary to include Morro Bay and connecting the boundary with the existing Monterey Bay Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker said it’s a way for offshore wind to co-exist and protect Central Coast waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No compromise makes everyone come out perfectly happy, or else it wouldn’t be a compromise,” she said. “But I think that this shows that we’re able and willing to work together. And we really need to focus on … protecting the planet and protecting the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind farms have never been built on the West Coast, so it isn’t clear how long a phased-in plan would take. In the meantime, Tribal Council leaders said this is the best way forward to get the sanctuary designated this year and eventually expand the boundaries to protect an unbroken stretch of ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get a marine sanctuary designated now, we see that as a win,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of tribal activism on the Central Coast\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1978, Chumash tribal members occupied an area north of Santa Barbara to protest a planned liquefied natural gas plant. This was less than 10 years after a devastating oil spill contaminated Santa Barbara waters, and Chumash protesters were determined to stop more fossil fuel development in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985184\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morro Bay may be left out of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary due to concerns over offshore wind development. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Today, you don’t see a natural liquefied plant there,” said Slo’w Gutierrez, a Northern Chumash elder who was part of the 1978 occupation. “We stopped it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Gutierrez, the new marine sanctuary would be a logical next step in the Chumash tribes’ centuries-long history of protecting the coast. He said it would go a long way to prevent fossil fuel development, just like the 1979 protests did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just trying to keep that as natural as possible because, in the future, we want our kids to see what we’ve seen and do what we did when we were young,” Gutierrez said. “[If] you have people drilling out there … sooner or later, there’s an accident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fred Collins’ legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Collins died in 2021, the Chumash held a ceremony for him in Montaña de Oro, just south of Morro Bay. They placed his ashes in a tomol (a plank-built boat) and rowed it into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a good ceremony for my dad. It was worthy of his stature,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985181\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The late Chief Fred Collins, former Chair of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jeremy Bishop, Northern Chumash Tribal Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PJ Webb was there, too. She’s the Northern Chumash Tribal Council’s legal advisor and helped Collins write the original proposal for the sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The ceremony] was triumphant. It was something that I may never see again in my life,” Webb said. “It was just a beautiful thing. And it was special because this was one of Fred’s favorite places. To have all these different Chumash elders come out here and hold ceremony was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the marine sanctuary is designated this summer, Webb said it will be a fitting tribute to Fred Collins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said it many times. He said it as he was dying — that ‘It’s the most important thing I’ve done in my life.’ That’s a pretty incredible accomplishment,” Webb said. “That’s a legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Northern Chumash seeks to designate California's Central Coast as a marine sanctuary, pending federal approval, shielding one of the world’s most biodiverse stretches of ocean from oil drilling. If approved, it would be the first US sanctuary named by an Indigenous tribe.",
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"title": "California's Central Coast Could Gain First Indigenous-Named Marine Sanctuary in US | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Central Coast is home to one of the world’s most \u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/marine-protected-areas/research-and-monitoring/regional-baseline-monitoring/regional-baseline-monitoring-central-coast/#:~:text=Central%20Coast%20waters%20are%20home,than%20450%20marine%20algae%20species.\">biodiverse stretches of ocean\u003c/a>. It’s full of rare and endangered species like gray whales, peregrine falcons and sea otters. It’s also the ancestral homeland of Native American tribes, including the Indigenous Chumash and Salinan peoples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, the Northern Chumash have been working to create a new national marine sanctuary that would protect these waters from offshore oil drilling and other development. If the federal government approves the designation this summer, it would be the first marine sanctuary in the U.S. to be nominated by, and named after, an Indigenous tribe. It’s the culmination of decades of tribal conservation work — but it’s also the legacy of a father and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A sanctuary decades in the making\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1972, the federal government created the\u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/history/\"> National Marine Sanctuary system\u003c/a>. Within the next few decades, two sanctuaries were designated on California’s Central Coast: \u003ca href=\"https://montereybay.noaa.gov/intro/welcome.html\">Monterey Bay\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://channelislands.noaa.gov/about/\">Channel Islands\u003c/a>. Together, they protect about 7,500 square miles of ocean. \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/faqs.html\">Sanctuary status bans \u003c/a>new offshore oil and gas development, disturbing wildlife and historical resources, discharging sewage and more. It allows fishing and recreational activities like boating within certain limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Chumash tribal members have been lobbying for a third protected stretch of ocean, which would be called the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary off the coasts of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985182\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-03-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Violet Sage Walker, Chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gina Cinardo, Northern Chumash Tribal Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This has been an ongoing dream of the Chumash people and the community for more than my lifetime — almost 50 years now,” said Violet Sage Walker, chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://northernchumash.org/our-story/\">Northern Chumash Tribal Council\u003c/a> (NCTC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker is the daughter of the late Fred Collins, a former tribal chair famous for his environmental activism \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11940494/a-step-towards-healing-chumash-members-reunite-sacred-rock\">around the Central Coast\u003c/a>. He proposed a new sanctuary to join the existing Channel Islands and Monterey Bay sanctuaries to create one continuous 20,000-square-mile stretch of protected ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This issue here is so big that we need another layer of protection so that my grandsons and my great-grandchildren won’t see oil wells off of our coast here,” said Collins, in 2015, the year he proposed the sanctuary to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a legacy I intended to leave here, that our children will never see oil drilling going on, [or] fracking off of our coast,” he told the crowd at a \u003ca href=\"https://northernchumash.org/watch-nctc-chief-fred-collins-how-diablo-canyon-nuclear-power-plant-got-its-name/\">renewable energy conference in San Luis Obispo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ySBYGN1Ki14'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ySBYGN1Ki14'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The federal government accepted Collins’ proposal that same year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It was the] first tribally-led tribal nomination of a National Marine Sanctuary ever,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was stuck in bureaucratic limbo until 2021, when the Biden administration gave the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) the green light to begin exploring the designation, an extensive, multi-year process of scientific evaluation and gathering public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fred Collins died just before NOAA began taking these steps — and long before he could see the sanctuary become official. Three years later, the federal government is expected to announce its final decision on designating the sanctuary this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a catch: If approved, the new marine sanctuary may not look as Collins originally intended. Last fall, the federal government proposed a change that surprised many tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Minding the ‘gap’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After receiving tens of thousands of public comments, NOAA released an \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">“agency-preferred alternative”\u003c/a> in August 2023. It includes a new map that would remove Morro Bay, Cayucos and Cambria from the sanctuary boundaries. This gap would leave the ocean around Morro Rock, a Chumash sacred site, out of federal protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA cited \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/faqs.html\">several reasons\u003c/a> for the new proposal. One is that members of another Central Coast Indigenous tribe, the Salinan, voiced their opposition to a marine sanctuary named after the Chumash tribe in an area the Salinan also consider their ancestral waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985187\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985187\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-MAP-KQED-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the Agency-Preferred Alternative boundary of the area NOAA proposes to designate as Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Courtesy NOAA )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another key concern is the plan to build renewable wind energy sites in the region. Three companies now have leases to put massive floating offshore wind turbines into the waters of Morro Bay, which would require laying underwater cables to channel that energy back to shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at that and thought that might be just too much industrial development within a National Marine Sanctuary,” said Paul Michel, Regional Policy Coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast sanctuary program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel said the gap in the proposed boundary is one possible solution to balance the interests of all ocean users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot that sanctuaries bring to communities, especially in this stretch of coast where there’s just so many issues and complexities and uses — from Department of Defense to nuclear power plants to launching missiles at Vandenberg [Space Force Base], offshore wind energy,” Michel said. “This is a busy coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, some Chumash tribal members balked at leaving a gap in the sanctuary boundaries, especially excluding Morro Rock, an area sacred to their tribe. Shortly after the announcement, they held an event called \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Cxb1islB9mI/?img_index=1\">Rally at the Rock\u003c/a> to advocate for Morro Bay’s inclusion in the zone protected by the sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985185\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-06-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The shore at the base of Morro Rock. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker and other Chumash tribal members sang songs, met with local leaders and called for people to submit public comments asking NOAA to close the gap. Morro Rock is not only sacred to the Chumash but other Indigenous tribes, and the waters around it would otherwise be left out of sanctuary protection in NOAA’s counter-proposal.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In April, the Northern Chumash Tribal Council \u003ca href=\"https://chumashsanctuary.org/2024/04/23/joint-support-for-sanctuary-designation/\">announced a compromise\u003c/a> with the wind companies. In a joint statement, they asked NOAA for a phased approach of leaving the gap in place for now, then later, expanding the sanctuary to include Morro Bay and connecting the boundary with the existing Monterey Bay Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sage Walker said it’s a way for offshore wind to co-exist and protect Central Coast waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No compromise makes everyone come out perfectly happy, or else it wouldn’t be a compromise,” she said. “But I think that this shows that we’re able and willing to work together. And we really need to focus on … protecting the planet and protecting the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind farms have never been built on the West Coast, so it isn’t clear how long a phased-in plan would take. In the meantime, Tribal Council leaders said this is the best way forward to get the sanctuary designated this year and eventually expand the boundaries to protect an unbroken stretch of ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get a marine sanctuary designated now, we see that as a win,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of tribal activism on the Central Coast\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1978, Chumash tribal members occupied an area north of Santa Barbara to protest a planned liquefied natural gas plant. This was less than 10 years after a devastating oil spill contaminated Santa Barbara waters, and Chumash protesters were determined to stop more fossil fuel development in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985184\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-05-KQED-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morro Bay may be left out of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary due to concerns over offshore wind development. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Today, you don’t see a natural liquefied plant there,” said Slo’w Gutierrez, a Northern Chumash elder who was part of the 1978 occupation. “We stopped it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Gutierrez, the new marine sanctuary would be a logical next step in the Chumash tribes’ centuries-long history of protecting the coast. He said it would go a long way to prevent fossil fuel development, just like the 1979 protests did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just trying to keep that as natural as possible because, in the future, we want our kids to see what we’ve seen and do what we did when we were young,” Gutierrez said. “[If] you have people drilling out there … sooner or later, there’s an accident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fred Collins’ legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Collins died in 2021, the Chumash held a ceremony for him in Montaña de Oro, just south of Morro Bay. They placed his ashes in a tomol (a plank-built boat) and rowed it into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a good ceremony for my dad. It was worthy of his stature,” Sage Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985181\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Chumash-Sanctuary-02-KQED-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The late Chief Fred Collins, former Chair of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jeremy Bishop, Northern Chumash Tribal Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PJ Webb was there, too. She’s the Northern Chumash Tribal Council’s legal advisor and helped Collins write the original proposal for the sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The ceremony] was triumphant. It was something that I may never see again in my life,” Webb said. “It was just a beautiful thing. And it was special because this was one of Fred’s favorite places. To have all these different Chumash elders come out here and hold ceremony was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the marine sanctuary is designated this summer, Webb said it will be a fitting tribute to Fred Collins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said it many times. He said it as he was dying — that ‘It’s the most important thing I’ve done in my life.’ That’s a pretty incredible accomplishment,” Webb said. “That’s a legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ohlone people and their allies rejoiced Wednesday over the return of sacred native land dating back thousands of years, saying the move righted a historic wrong and restored the people who were first on the land now called Berkeley to their rightful place in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2.2-acre parking lot is the only undeveloped portion of the shellmound in West Berkeley, where ancestors of today’s Ohlone people established the first human settlement on the shores of the San Francisco Bay 5,700 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Berkeley Mayor Jesse Arreguín\"]‘[I]t’s been a long effort … long, long legal battles, many meetings. People prayed, people protested. But all along, it’s been an incredible community effort. And I’m very grateful that we were able to do this today.’[/pullquote]Berkeley’s City Council voted unanimously Tuesday to adopt an ordinance giving the title of the land to the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust, a San Francisco Bay Area collective led by women that works to return land to Indigenous people. The collective raised most of the money needed to reach an agreement with developers who own the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The site will be home to education, prayer and preservation, and will outlast every one of us today to continue telling the story of the Ohlone people,” said Mayor Jesse Arreguín at a celebratory press conference on Fourth Street in Berkeley Wednesday. He said their history is “marked not by adversity, but more importantly, by their unwavering resilience as a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arreguín added that he thought it was “pretty absurd” that they had to buy the site to give it back to Indigenous people “when this was theirs all along, and we stole it from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[I]t’s been a long effort … long, long legal battles, many meetings. People prayed, people protested. But all along, it’s been an incredible community effort. And I’m very grateful that we were able to do this today,” Arreguín said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheyenne Zepeda from the\u003cb> \u003c/b>Confederated Villages of Lisjan Nation said that they’ve been praying and fighting for this recognition for over 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a huge parking lot that’s been paved over, we’re looking towards the train tracks, there’s also the freeway that’s here off of university, and we don’t see the beautiful ground that it was before, but we will … we will again,” Zepeda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Cheyenne Zepeda, Confederated Villages of Lisjan Nation\"]‘[W]e don’t see the beautiful ground that it was before, but we will … we will again.’[/pullquote]The crowd cheered as speakers talked of a movement to restore other lands to Indigenous people. The site — a three-block area Berkeley designated as a landmark in 2000 — will be home to native medicines and foods, an oasis for pollinators and wildlife, and a place for youth to learn about their heritage, including ancient dances and ceremonies, said Melissa Nelson, chair of the board of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of years ago, this site was a thriving … urban center for Native Americans, for California Indians with their beautiful shellmounds dotted all around the bay,” Nelson said. “We want to be a place for global Indigenous leadership to come and gather in solidarity. We want to educate, we want to restore, and we want to heal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Spanish colonizers arrived in the region, the area held a village and a massive shell mound with a height of 20 feet and the length and width of a football field that was a ceremonial and burial site. Built over years with mussel, clam and oyster shells, human remains, and artifacts, the mound also served as a lookout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish removed the Ohlone from their villages and forced them into labor at local missions. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Anglo settlers took over the land and razed the shell mound to line roadbeds in Berkeley with shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11959169,news_11969401,news_11970846\"]The agreement with Berkeley-based Ruegg & Ellsworth LLC, which owns the parking lot, comes after a six-year legal fight that started in 2018 when the developer sued the city after officials denied its application to build a 260-unit apartment building with 50% affordable housing and 27,500 feet of retail and parking space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement was reached after Ruegg & Ellsworth agreed to accept $27 million to settle all outstanding claims and to turn the property over to Berkeley. The Sogorea Te’ Land Trust contributed $25.5 million and Berkeley paid $1.5 million, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trust plans to build a commemorative park with a new shell mound and a cultural center to house some of the pottery, jewelry, baskets and other artifacts found over the years and that are in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrina Gould, co-founder of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust and tribal chair of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan Ohlone, attended Tuesday’s City Council meeting via video conference and wiped away tears after the council voted to return the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mound that once stood there was “a place where we first said goodbye to someone,” she said. “To have this place saved forever, I am beyond words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Berkeley’s City Council voted unanimously Tuesday to adopt an ordinance giving the title of the land to the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust, a San Francisco Bay Area collective led by women that works to return land to Indigenous people. The collective raised most of the money needed to reach an agreement with developers who own the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The site will be home to education, prayer and preservation, and will outlast every one of us today to continue telling the story of the Ohlone people,” said Mayor Jesse Arreguín at a celebratory press conference on Fourth Street in Berkeley Wednesday. He said their history is “marked not by adversity, but more importantly, by their unwavering resilience as a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arreguín added that he thought it was “pretty absurd” that they had to buy the site to give it back to Indigenous people “when this was theirs all along, and we stole it from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The crowd cheered as speakers talked of a movement to restore other lands to Indigenous people. The site — a three-block area Berkeley designated as a landmark in 2000 — will be home to native medicines and foods, an oasis for pollinators and wildlife, and a place for youth to learn about their heritage, including ancient dances and ceremonies, said Melissa Nelson, chair of the board of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of years ago, this site was a thriving … urban center for Native Americans, for California Indians with their beautiful shellmounds dotted all around the bay,” Nelson said. “We want to be a place for global Indigenous leadership to come and gather in solidarity. We want to educate, we want to restore, and we want to heal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Spanish colonizers arrived in the region, the area held a village and a massive shell mound with a height of 20 feet and the length and width of a football field that was a ceremonial and burial site. Built over years with mussel, clam and oyster shells, human remains, and artifacts, the mound also served as a lookout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish removed the Ohlone from their villages and forced them into labor at local missions. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Anglo settlers took over the land and razed the shell mound to line roadbeds in Berkeley with shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The agreement with Berkeley-based Ruegg & Ellsworth LLC, which owns the parking lot, comes after a six-year legal fight that started in 2018 when the developer sued the city after officials denied its application to build a 260-unit apartment building with 50% affordable housing and 27,500 feet of retail and parking space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement was reached after Ruegg & Ellsworth agreed to accept $27 million to settle all outstanding claims and to turn the property over to Berkeley. The Sogorea Te’ Land Trust contributed $25.5 million and Berkeley paid $1.5 million, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trust plans to build a commemorative park with a new shell mound and a cultural center to house some of the pottery, jewelry, baskets and other artifacts found over the years and that are in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrina Gould, co-founder of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust and tribal chair of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan Ohlone, attended Tuesday’s City Council meeting via video conference and wiped away tears after the council voted to return the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mound that once stood there was “a place where we first said goodbye to someone,” she said. “To have this place saved forever, I am beyond words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "in-historical-shift-us-aims-to-give-native-american-tribes-more-say-in-managing-public-lands-and-water",
"title": "In Historical Shift, US Aims to Give Native American Tribes More Say in Managing Public Lands and Water",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. government said it is entering a new era of collaboration with Native American and Alaska Native leaders in managing public lands and other resources, with top federal officials saying that incorporating more Indigenous knowledge into decision-making can help spur conservation and combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal emergency managers last week also announced updates to recovery policies to help tribal communities repair or rebuild traditional homes or ceremonial structures damaged by recent wildfires, floods and other natural disasters around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hundreds of tribal leaders gathered in Washington last week for an annual summit, the Biden administration celebrated nearly 200 new agreements that are designed to boost federal cooperation with tribes nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreements cover everything from fishery restoration projects in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest to management of new national monuments in the Southwestern U.S., seed collection work in Montana and plant restoration in the Great Smoky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States manages hundreds of millions of acres of what we call federal public lands. Why wouldn’t we want added capacity, added expertise, millennia of knowledge and understanding of how to manage those lands?” U.S. Interior Assistant Secretary Bryan Newland said during a recent panel discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new co-management and co-stewardship agreements announced this week mark a tenfold increase over the number of agreements inked just a year earlier, and officials said more are in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newland, a citizen of the Bay Mills Indian Community in northern Michigan, said each agreement is unique and tailored to a tribe’s needs and capacity for helping to manage public lands. And at the very least, he added, it assures their presence at the table when decisions are made.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"native-americans\"]Newland emphasized that the federal government is not looking to dictate to tribal leaders what a partnership should look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government, which, for much of U.S. history, forcibly stole or facilitated the theft of vast swaths of Native American territory, controls more than a quarter of the land in the country. Much of that land encompasses the ancestral homelands of federally recognized tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the idea of co-stewardship dates back decades and has spanned multiple presidential administrations, many tribes have advocated in recent years for a more formal role in helping to manage those federal lands. Tribes and advocacy groups have been pushing for arrangements beyond the consultation requirements mandated by federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Washington and legal experts with the Native American Rights Fund have put together \u003ca href=\"https://lib.law.uw.edu/cooperative\">a new clearinghouse on the topic\u003c/a>. They point out that public lands now central to the country’s national heritage originated from the dispossession and displacement of Indigenous people and that co-management could present an opportunity for the U.S. to reckon with that complicated, dishonorable legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ada Montague Stepleton, a staff attorney with the Native American Rights Fund, said the significant uptick in the number of agreements signed just in the past year shows there’s a willingness in Indian Country to find a path forward that is mutually beneficial to tribes and the federal government — and ultimately taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been compiling information to try to understand these agreements better,” Montague Stepleton said. But she also noted that “there is a sort of a double-edged sword. We want to make sure that sovereignty isn’t eroded while at the same time creating places where co-management can, in fact, occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montague Stepleton said one of the challenges is that tribes often have few resources, with much of their attention going toward maintaining their cultures and ensuring their communities, where poverty rates are often disproportionately high, have access to basic necessities like food, water and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to address complaints about chronic underfunding in tribal communities across the country, President Joe Biden on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-tribe-native-american-reservation-f76c54f54bb9dbfdaaab48202cdb39c7\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> that will make it easier for tribes to find and access grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanne Criswell, administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, told tribal leaders Thursday that her agency began work this year to upgrade its disaster guidance, particularly in response to tribal needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indigenous people of Hawaii have increasingly been under siege from disasters, most recently a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/hawaii-fires-timeline-maui-lahaina-road-block-c8522222f6de587bd14b2da0020c40e9\">devastating fire\u003c/a> that killed dozens of people and leveled an entire town. Just last month, another blaze scorched a stretch of irreplaceable rainforest on Oahu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes in California and Oregon also were forced to seek disaster declarations earlier this year after severe storms resulted in flooding and mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy James, first chief of the Gwichyaa Zhee Gwich’in Tribal Government in Alaska, said the effects of climate change on tribal communities can’t be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reality check,” she said, after ticking off details about warmer temperatures, bears not hibernating as they should, and the inability of her people to fish due to changing water conditions. “Global warming has affected every one of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criswell said the new guidance includes a pathway for Native American, Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian communities to request presidential disaster declarations and provides them with more direct access to emergency federal relief funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also accepts tribal self-certified damage assessments and cost estimates for restoring ceremonial buildings or traditional homes while not requiring site inspections, maps or other details that might compromise culturally sensitive data.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Federal officials say working more closely with tribes to manage natural resources can help further conservation goals and combat climate change. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. government said it is entering a new era of collaboration with Native American and Alaska Native leaders in managing public lands and other resources, with top federal officials saying that incorporating more Indigenous knowledge into decision-making can help spur conservation and combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal emergency managers last week also announced updates to recovery policies to help tribal communities repair or rebuild traditional homes or ceremonial structures damaged by recent wildfires, floods and other natural disasters around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hundreds of tribal leaders gathered in Washington last week for an annual summit, the Biden administration celebrated nearly 200 new agreements that are designed to boost federal cooperation with tribes nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreements cover everything from fishery restoration projects in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest to management of new national monuments in the Southwestern U.S., seed collection work in Montana and plant restoration in the Great Smoky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States manages hundreds of millions of acres of what we call federal public lands. Why wouldn’t we want added capacity, added expertise, millennia of knowledge and understanding of how to manage those lands?” U.S. Interior Assistant Secretary Bryan Newland said during a recent panel discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new co-management and co-stewardship agreements announced this week mark a tenfold increase over the number of agreements inked just a year earlier, and officials said more are in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newland, a citizen of the Bay Mills Indian Community in northern Michigan, said each agreement is unique and tailored to a tribe’s needs and capacity for helping to manage public lands. And at the very least, he added, it assures their presence at the table when decisions are made.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newland emphasized that the federal government is not looking to dictate to tribal leaders what a partnership should look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government, which, for much of U.S. history, forcibly stole or facilitated the theft of vast swaths of Native American territory, controls more than a quarter of the land in the country. Much of that land encompasses the ancestral homelands of federally recognized tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the idea of co-stewardship dates back decades and has spanned multiple presidential administrations, many tribes have advocated in recent years for a more formal role in helping to manage those federal lands. Tribes and advocacy groups have been pushing for arrangements beyond the consultation requirements mandated by federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Washington and legal experts with the Native American Rights Fund have put together \u003ca href=\"https://lib.law.uw.edu/cooperative\">a new clearinghouse on the topic\u003c/a>. They point out that public lands now central to the country’s national heritage originated from the dispossession and displacement of Indigenous people and that co-management could present an opportunity for the U.S. to reckon with that complicated, dishonorable legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ada Montague Stepleton, a staff attorney with the Native American Rights Fund, said the significant uptick in the number of agreements signed just in the past year shows there’s a willingness in Indian Country to find a path forward that is mutually beneficial to tribes and the federal government — and ultimately taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been compiling information to try to understand these agreements better,” Montague Stepleton said. But she also noted that “there is a sort of a double-edged sword. We want to make sure that sovereignty isn’t eroded while at the same time creating places where co-management can, in fact, occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montague Stepleton said one of the challenges is that tribes often have few resources, with much of their attention going toward maintaining their cultures and ensuring their communities, where poverty rates are often disproportionately high, have access to basic necessities like food, water and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to address complaints about chronic underfunding in tribal communities across the country, President Joe Biden on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-tribe-native-american-reservation-f76c54f54bb9dbfdaaab48202cdb39c7\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> that will make it easier for tribes to find and access grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanne Criswell, administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, told tribal leaders Thursday that her agency began work this year to upgrade its disaster guidance, particularly in response to tribal needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indigenous people of Hawaii have increasingly been under siege from disasters, most recently a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/hawaii-fires-timeline-maui-lahaina-road-block-c8522222f6de587bd14b2da0020c40e9\">devastating fire\u003c/a> that killed dozens of people and leveled an entire town. Just last month, another blaze scorched a stretch of irreplaceable rainforest on Oahu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes in California and Oregon also were forced to seek disaster declarations earlier this year after severe storms resulted in flooding and mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy James, first chief of the Gwichyaa Zhee Gwich’in Tribal Government in Alaska, said the effects of climate change on tribal communities can’t be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reality check,” she said, after ticking off details about warmer temperatures, bears not hibernating as they should, and the inability of her people to fish due to changing water conditions. “Global warming has affected every one of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criswell said the new guidance includes a pathway for Native American, Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian communities to request presidential disaster declarations and provides them with more direct access to emergency federal relief funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also accepts tribal self-certified damage assessments and cost estimates for restoring ceremonial buildings or traditional homes while not requiring site inspections, maps or other details that might compromise culturally sensitive data.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Biden Proposes Vast New Marine Sanctuary in Partnership With California Tribe",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is one step away from designating the first national marine sanctuary nominated by a tribe. The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary would protect 5,600 square miles of ocean off the central California coast, an area known for its kelp forests, sea otters and migratory whales. Tribal members of the Chumash, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">who have lobbied for its creation for more than a decade\u003c/a>, would be involved in managing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of the Biden administration’s push to give Native American tribes a say over lands and waters that were forcibly taken from them. Under the proposal, the area would be protected from energy development.[aside postID=news_11940494 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62630_rock2018-qut-1020x728.jpg']“Sanctuaries uplift local participation in ocean management, and this sanctuary will put Indigenous communities in partnership with NOAA,” says Violet Sage Walker, Northern Chumash Tribal Council chairwoman and a nominator of the sanctuary. “The collective knowledge of the Central Coast’s First Peoples, as well as other local stakeholders, scientists, and policymakers, will create a strong foundation to have a thriving coast for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s father proposed the sanctuary in 2015 and the application sat idle for years. It would be located off a stretch of coastline that’s home to many Chumash sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastal waters of central California are rich with precious marine life, contain critical ocean ecosystems, and are connected to the past, present, and future of the Chumash people,” Vice President Kamala Harris said in a statement about the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association put the proposal together in consultation with the Chumash. If the sanctuary moves forward, federally recognized tribes would advise decision-making as part of a collaborative group known as an Intergovernmental Policy Council, modeled after one \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">pioneered with tribes for the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized. Other bands, like many tribes in California, are not. In the mid-1800s, Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\"> rejected treaties made with some California tribes (PDF)\u003c/a> — a move that was kept secret for decades. Other bands of Chumash would be able to join the sanctuary’s advisory council, which also provides feedback for decisions and priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=11959142\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959142\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png\" alt=\"a map showing the waters off California \" width=\"1600\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1020x764.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1536x1150.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Credit: Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new boundary of the sanctuary is smaller than the originally proposed 7,600 square miles. It now would exclude an area that is likely to be used for undersea transmission cables from future wind turbines. California’s coast has been the focus of new attention in recent years, as the wind industry looks for places to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/30/1146141123/california-offshore-wind-promises-a-new-gold-rush-while-slashing-emissions\">install the state’s first offshore wind farms\u003c/a>. The state has an ambitious goal to get 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A marine sanctuary designation would prevent wind turbines from being installed within its boundaries, as well as offshore oil platforms. Commercial fishing would be permitted in the sanctuary, as it is in most marine sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA will take public comments until Oct. 23 before a final decision is made in mid-2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s network of 15 other marine sanctuaries are monitored for their ecological health, which marine experts say helps spot possible impacts and the effects of climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">Chumash tribal members are already teaming up with scientists\u003c/a> to start a monitoring program where the new sanctuary would be designated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration is one step away from designating the first national marine sanctuary nominated by a tribe. The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary would protect 5,600 square miles of ocean off the central California coast, an area known for its kelp forests, sea otters and migratory whales. Tribal members of the Chumash, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">who have lobbied for its creation for more than a decade\u003c/a>, would be involved in managing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of the Biden administration’s push to give Native American tribes a say over lands and waters that were forcibly taken from them. Under the proposal, the area would be protected from energy development.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Sanctuaries uplift local participation in ocean management, and this sanctuary will put Indigenous communities in partnership with NOAA,” says Violet Sage Walker, Northern Chumash Tribal Council chairwoman and a nominator of the sanctuary. “The collective knowledge of the Central Coast’s First Peoples, as well as other local stakeholders, scientists, and policymakers, will create a strong foundation to have a thriving coast for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s father proposed the sanctuary in 2015 and the application sat idle for years. It would be located off a stretch of coastline that’s home to many Chumash sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastal waters of central California are rich with precious marine life, contain critical ocean ecosystems, and are connected to the past, present, and future of the Chumash people,” Vice President Kamala Harris said in a statement about the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association put the proposal together in consultation with the Chumash. If the sanctuary moves forward, federally recognized tribes would advise decision-making as part of a collaborative group known as an Intergovernmental Policy Council, modeled after one \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">pioneered with tribes for the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized. Other bands, like many tribes in California, are not. In the mid-1800s, Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\"> rejected treaties made with some California tribes (PDF)\u003c/a> — a move that was kept secret for decades. Other bands of Chumash would be able to join the sanctuary’s advisory council, which also provides feedback for decisions and priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=11959142\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959142\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png\" alt=\"a map showing the waters off California \" width=\"1600\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1020x764.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1536x1150.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Credit: Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new boundary of the sanctuary is smaller than the originally proposed 7,600 square miles. It now would exclude an area that is likely to be used for undersea transmission cables from future wind turbines. California’s coast has been the focus of new attention in recent years, as the wind industry looks for places to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/30/1146141123/california-offshore-wind-promises-a-new-gold-rush-while-slashing-emissions\">install the state’s first offshore wind farms\u003c/a>. The state has an ambitious goal to get 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A marine sanctuary designation would prevent wind turbines from being installed within its boundaries, as well as offshore oil platforms. Commercial fishing would be permitted in the sanctuary, as it is in most marine sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA will take public comments until Oct. 23 before a final decision is made in mid-2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s network of 15 other marine sanctuaries are monitored for their ecological health, which marine experts say helps spot possible impacts and the effects of climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">Chumash tribal members are already teaming up with scientists\u003c/a> to start a monitoring program where the new sanctuary would be designated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin",
"title": "How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin",
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"headTitle": "How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Joe Sanchez was 8 years old, his grandmother asked him to make a promise to never forget his California Indian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was determined to see the culture live on, after watching her brothers deny their Coast Miwok ancestry, a matter of economic survival in early 20th century California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, at 75, Sanchez is making good on that promise in a more ambitious way than he ever imagined: He’s bought back a piece of his ancestral homeland. In July, he and \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastmiwokofmarin.org/index.html\">the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin\u003c/a> purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio, once Coast Miwok territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed a place to have ceremony, a place where we could do all those things that we always did for thousands of years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed to be the first modern “Land Back” effort in Marin County, part of a growing movement across California to get land back to the original indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re home’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a sunny afternoon recently, Sanchez stood in the shade of an oak on the land in Nicasio, which is nestled in rolling hills and covered in tall grasses and brush. He said the tribal council imagines a place where they can bring together people with Coast Miwok roots from around the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/07/31/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin/rs67176_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-27-bl-qut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11956865\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sanchez checks on the water line for fruit trees growing on their newly purchased land. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the foot of a hill that encompasses much of the property, he pointed out a flat area where they plan to build a dance arbor, a roundhouse and a sweat lodge — places to dance and sing and sit in ceremony without having to ask anyone’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez was joined by Dean Hoaglin, a founding member of the tribal council. “It’s beautiful to be on our land,” Hoaglin said. “We’re home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he and Sanchez helped form the council, Hoaglin said an elder told him the ancestors were calling him to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time that we come back together and that we fulfill what our ancestors always prayed for, and that was for us to come back home and to share the original teachings,” Hoaglin said, referring to indigenous values about how to live in harmony with the natural world and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoaglin has spent 30 years teaching traditional cultural practices as part of a suicide prevention program for Native American youth in Sonoma County. He’s planning to retire this year. With the extra time, he wants to plant a garden here on their newly returned land, grow traditional foods and medicinal plants, and teach indigenous land stewardship practices.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Coast Miwok Tribal Council letter to the land's sellers\"]‘We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors.’[/pullquote]Hoaglin and Sanchez dreamed for years of having land, but it didn’t become a real possibility until they created a nonprofit — Huukuiko Inc., named after the Coast Miwok band they’re descended from — and started raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they found this piece of land in Nicasio for sale, it felt right. So they wrote a letter to the couple who owned it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors,” it read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They explained it would take some time for them to come up with the $1.3 million the sellers were asking, but offered something unique: “The opportunity to be part of the healing process for us, for our Ancestors, and for the land itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reminded the sellers that for some 10,000 years those ancestors had lived on this land and throughout all of what’s now Marin and much of Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter worked. The sellers agreed to their timeline, and after two months of furious fundraising they had the money. The bulk of it came from foundations, but there were individual donors, too. One person gave $25 dollars, another $200,000, according to Nancy Binzen, a Marin County resident who managed the fundraising effort and supported the tribal council throughout this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of riding a roller coaster for a while, but things came through in a big way,” Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 101 people and foundations chipped in, and on July 3 the deal closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Land Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The history of Native Americans fighting for their land is as old as attempts to take it. But efforts to reclaim ancestral lands have become increasingly visible in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout the generations, the fight has always been there,” said Robby Burroughs, the holdings managing director for \u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">NDN Collective\u003c/a>, a national indigenous-led organization focused on climate justice and racial and educational equity.[aside postID=news_11921034,education_535779,arts_13920243 label='More on Land Back']He said the difference today is that as the climate crisis has become impossible to ignore, returning land to indigenous hands is being seen as an effective way to manage natural resources. In California, the state Natural Resources Agency is rolling out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908716/the-theft-of-our-land-in-newsoms-100m-landback-proposal-indigenous-advocates-see-progress-and-they-have-questions\">a $100 million program\u003c/a> over two years for Native American tribes to buy back and preserve their ancestral lands. The funding application process is still being finalized. It’s part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Newsom-Administration-Launches-30x30-Partnership\">30×30 conservation initiative\u003c/a> to preserve 30% of California’s land and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land Back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet,” said Burroughs, a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://drycreekrancheria.com/\">Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NDN Collective’s \u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">national LANDBACK campaign\u003c/a> aims to bring together and support the many individual groups working to reclaim land across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern Land Back movement is nourished by the organizing power that came out of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in 2016–17, as well as the cultural shifts brought about by the Black Lives Matter movement. It’s also gotten a boost from the appointment of the first Native American cabinet member, Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, who leads a department that oversees one-fifth of the land in this country. Since taking office, Haaland has \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-takes-steps-restore-tribal-homelands-empower-tribal-governments\">streamlined the process\u003c/a> for tribes to acquire and consolidate land, reversing a Trump administration policy, and has helped push forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdup%2Finline-files%2Fdoi_annual_report_on_co-stewardship.pdf\">co-stewardship agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> for management of public lands with tribes across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re talking about returning land, often it’s not as radical as it seems,” said Kyle T. Mays, a UCLA professor and author of \u003cem>An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States\u003c/em>. “It’s simply that native nations are advocating for the United States to honor the treaties that they have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nicasio, Sanchez isn’t buying land as part of a formal tribal nation, but his efforts are bound up with this history all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the dawn of California statehood, the U.S. Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/pacific/who-we-are\">refused to ratify 18 treaties\u003c/a> that had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">negotiated with the state’s tribes (PDF)\u003c/a>, leaving most California Indians homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure eventually led to the creation of the Rancheria System, similar to reservations, in the early 1900s. But by the mid-20th century, with its coffers depleted by World War II, the federal government was looking to get out of its financial obligations to tribes, Mays said, including dissolving the Rancherias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when Sanchez made the promise to his grandmother that set him on the path to the Nicasio land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just for the past, but for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1956, his grandmother took him from his home in San Mateo to downtown San Francisco, where 400 Native Americans from around California were gathered at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium to take a vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23888665-rancheria-act-of-aug-18_-1958?responsive=1&title=1\">on a deal the Bureau of Indian Affairs was offering (PDF)\u003c/a>: a few hundred dollars per person in exchange for giving up their land rights.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Robby Burroughs, NDN Collective\"]‘Land back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet.’[/pullquote]Sanchez remembers people taking to the stage to protest the idea. “‘We’ll lose our sovereignty. We lose everything for a few hundred dollars,’” he recalls them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribal lands were being liquidated as part of the government’s policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/indian-relocation.html\">termination and relocation\u003c/a>. Over 100 tribes across the country were cut off from federal assistance. Some were ordered to dissolve their governments and distribute their land. The U.S. wanted to assimilate members into mainstream society, and the efforts led to a mass migration from tribal lands to cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez watched the participants record their votes in pencil on small pieces of paper. Afterward, a BIA official announced the deal had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away I felt the air just go out of the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just a kid, who’d never heard the word “sovereignty” before that day, but he read a lot into the silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I felt at the time was, like, that this had happened before,” Sanchez said. “It was just one loss after another, after another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they got outside, his grandmother knelt down in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped and looked at me in the eyes and said, ‘Don’t ever forget you’re California Indian. Don’t ever forget,’” Sanchez said. “And I swore at that time that I would never forget.”[aside postID=news_11880526 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/tule-reed-hut-1020x765.jpg']Sanchez has spent much of his adult life trying to honor that promise. He’s studied the history of his people, and in 2020 helped start the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin to preserve that history and culture and to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he and the council have land, they have to figure out how to make their vision for it a reality. They’re looking to people who’ve charted this path before them for guidance. Corrina Gould of the \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a> in the East Bay is among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould, who’s been co-leading the nonprofit as it works to return Ohlone lands to indigenous stewardship since 2012, said when her team began this undertaking they didn’t give much thought to the complex logistics involved in pulling it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, she said she would have asked, “What is it going to look like as we grow to engage in these practices of a government that really disappeared us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67092_230718-sogoreatelandtrustberkeley-08-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person with long hair, earrings and a necklace stands in the shade of a tree.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould, chair and spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan, stands in a Sogorea Te’ Land Trust garden in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigating the nonprofit world is difficult because it’s at odds with traditional Native ideology, she said. “You still have to follow the policies and procedures and the laws that are governed by the state of California around private land ownership, around getting tax exemption, around doing audits every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since making connections with lawyers and accountants who are helping them through the process, today Sogorea Te’ manages about 10 pieces of land, mostly in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re growing native plants, creating a seed-saving library, doing creek restoration, running a youth program and building resilience hubs, places to store and distribute resources in case of natural or human-made emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to also begin to mentor others that are beginning to do this work as well,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin are among those now benefiting from Sogorea Te’s experience. As they figure out how to fund their vision for the Nicasio land, they’re planning to apply for grants and are meeting with more potential donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he has any conflicted feelings about what it took to get this little piece of his homeland back, or about having to ask for charity from others who’ve built their wealth on this land, Sanchez doesn’t miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the county give us the land, but we took it upon ourselves to get what we could when the time presented itself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he’s moved by the support they got. “It’s a profound feeling that people came to help us. It’s just extremely powerful, so we’re very grateful,” he said. “But all of this land is Coast Miwok land. Unceded Coast Miwok land. We didn’t sell the land. We weren’t compensated for the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That painful history is never far from his mind. There are reminders everywhere. This county’s name, Marin, comes from the name given to a Coast Miwok leader by missionaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67168_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-19-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people look out over a valley filled with green trees and golden grasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hoaglin (left) and Sanchez survey their ancestral lands in the hills outside Nicasio. The tribal council plans to build a roundhouse for ceremonies on the property. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their Nicasio land is at the heart of what was once Rancho Nicasio, a land grant promised to the Coast Miwok by the Mexican government but later seized by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a hilltop on the land, he points out an area nearby where \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/coast-miwok-ethnohistory.pdf\">one of the last Coast Miwok villages (PDF)\u003c/a> was settled until it was sold off in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end, there were just three dozen Coast Miwok living together here. Those ancestors are part of what draw Sanchez to this piece of land. He wants to hold on to that heritage, and pass it on. “This isn’t just for us, this is for our generations to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s always seen the past here. Now he sees a future, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Part of a growing movement across the state to return lands to the original indigenous people who were forced off them, the Land Back effort has its first success in Marin County.",
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"title": "How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Joe Sanchez was 8 years old, his grandmother asked him to make a promise to never forget his California Indian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was determined to see the culture live on, after watching her brothers deny their Coast Miwok ancestry, a matter of economic survival in early 20th century California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, at 75, Sanchez is making good on that promise in a more ambitious way than he ever imagined: He’s bought back a piece of his ancestral homeland. In July, he and \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastmiwokofmarin.org/index.html\">the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin\u003c/a> purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio, once Coast Miwok territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed a place to have ceremony, a place where we could do all those things that we always did for thousands of years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed to be the first modern “Land Back” effort in Marin County, part of a growing movement across California to get land back to the original indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re home’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a sunny afternoon recently, Sanchez stood in the shade of an oak on the land in Nicasio, which is nestled in rolling hills and covered in tall grasses and brush. He said the tribal council imagines a place where they can bring together people with Coast Miwok roots from around the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/07/31/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin/rs67176_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-27-bl-qut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11956865\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sanchez checks on the water line for fruit trees growing on their newly purchased land. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the foot of a hill that encompasses much of the property, he pointed out a flat area where they plan to build a dance arbor, a roundhouse and a sweat lodge — places to dance and sing and sit in ceremony without having to ask anyone’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez was joined by Dean Hoaglin, a founding member of the tribal council. “It’s beautiful to be on our land,” Hoaglin said. “We’re home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he and Sanchez helped form the council, Hoaglin said an elder told him the ancestors were calling him to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time that we come back together and that we fulfill what our ancestors always prayed for, and that was for us to come back home and to share the original teachings,” Hoaglin said, referring to indigenous values about how to live in harmony with the natural world and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoaglin has spent 30 years teaching traditional cultural practices as part of a suicide prevention program for Native American youth in Sonoma County. He’s planning to retire this year. With the extra time, he wants to plant a garden here on their newly returned land, grow traditional foods and medicinal plants, and teach indigenous land stewardship practices.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hoaglin and Sanchez dreamed for years of having land, but it didn’t become a real possibility until they created a nonprofit — Huukuiko Inc., named after the Coast Miwok band they’re descended from — and started raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they found this piece of land in Nicasio for sale, it felt right. So they wrote a letter to the couple who owned it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors,” it read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They explained it would take some time for them to come up with the $1.3 million the sellers were asking, but offered something unique: “The opportunity to be part of the healing process for us, for our Ancestors, and for the land itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reminded the sellers that for some 10,000 years those ancestors had lived on this land and throughout all of what’s now Marin and much of Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter worked. The sellers agreed to their timeline, and after two months of furious fundraising they had the money. The bulk of it came from foundations, but there were individual donors, too. One person gave $25 dollars, another $200,000, according to Nancy Binzen, a Marin County resident who managed the fundraising effort and supported the tribal council throughout this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of riding a roller coaster for a while, but things came through in a big way,” Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 101 people and foundations chipped in, and on July 3 the deal closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Land Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The history of Native Americans fighting for their land is as old as attempts to take it. But efforts to reclaim ancestral lands have become increasingly visible in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout the generations, the fight has always been there,” said Robby Burroughs, the holdings managing director for \u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">NDN Collective\u003c/a>, a national indigenous-led organization focused on climate justice and racial and educational equity.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said the difference today is that as the climate crisis has become impossible to ignore, returning land to indigenous hands is being seen as an effective way to manage natural resources. In California, the state Natural Resources Agency is rolling out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908716/the-theft-of-our-land-in-newsoms-100m-landback-proposal-indigenous-advocates-see-progress-and-they-have-questions\">a $100 million program\u003c/a> over two years for Native American tribes to buy back and preserve their ancestral lands. The funding application process is still being finalized. It’s part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Newsom-Administration-Launches-30x30-Partnership\">30×30 conservation initiative\u003c/a> to preserve 30% of California’s land and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land Back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet,” said Burroughs, a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://drycreekrancheria.com/\">Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NDN Collective’s \u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">national LANDBACK campaign\u003c/a> aims to bring together and support the many individual groups working to reclaim land across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern Land Back movement is nourished by the organizing power that came out of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in 2016–17, as well as the cultural shifts brought about by the Black Lives Matter movement. It’s also gotten a boost from the appointment of the first Native American cabinet member, Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, who leads a department that oversees one-fifth of the land in this country. Since taking office, Haaland has \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-takes-steps-restore-tribal-homelands-empower-tribal-governments\">streamlined the process\u003c/a> for tribes to acquire and consolidate land, reversing a Trump administration policy, and has helped push forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdup%2Finline-files%2Fdoi_annual_report_on_co-stewardship.pdf\">co-stewardship agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> for management of public lands with tribes across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re talking about returning land, often it’s not as radical as it seems,” said Kyle T. Mays, a UCLA professor and author of \u003cem>An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States\u003c/em>. “It’s simply that native nations are advocating for the United States to honor the treaties that they have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nicasio, Sanchez isn’t buying land as part of a formal tribal nation, but his efforts are bound up with this history all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the dawn of California statehood, the U.S. Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/pacific/who-we-are\">refused to ratify 18 treaties\u003c/a> that had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">negotiated with the state’s tribes (PDF)\u003c/a>, leaving most California Indians homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure eventually led to the creation of the Rancheria System, similar to reservations, in the early 1900s. But by the mid-20th century, with its coffers depleted by World War II, the federal government was looking to get out of its financial obligations to tribes, Mays said, including dissolving the Rancherias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when Sanchez made the promise to his grandmother that set him on the path to the Nicasio land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just for the past, but for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1956, his grandmother took him from his home in San Mateo to downtown San Francisco, where 400 Native Americans from around California were gathered at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium to take a vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23888665-rancheria-act-of-aug-18_-1958?responsive=1&title=1\">on a deal the Bureau of Indian Affairs was offering (PDF)\u003c/a>: a few hundred dollars per person in exchange for giving up their land rights.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sanchez remembers people taking to the stage to protest the idea. “‘We’ll lose our sovereignty. We lose everything for a few hundred dollars,’” he recalls them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribal lands were being liquidated as part of the government’s policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/indian-relocation.html\">termination and relocation\u003c/a>. Over 100 tribes across the country were cut off from federal assistance. Some were ordered to dissolve their governments and distribute their land. The U.S. wanted to assimilate members into mainstream society, and the efforts led to a mass migration from tribal lands to cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez watched the participants record their votes in pencil on small pieces of paper. Afterward, a BIA official announced the deal had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away I felt the air just go out of the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just a kid, who’d never heard the word “sovereignty” before that day, but he read a lot into the silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I felt at the time was, like, that this had happened before,” Sanchez said. “It was just one loss after another, after another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they got outside, his grandmother knelt down in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped and looked at me in the eyes and said, ‘Don’t ever forget you’re California Indian. Don’t ever forget,’” Sanchez said. “And I swore at that time that I would never forget.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sanchez has spent much of his adult life trying to honor that promise. He’s studied the history of his people, and in 2020 helped start the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin to preserve that history and culture and to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he and the council have land, they have to figure out how to make their vision for it a reality. They’re looking to people who’ve charted this path before them for guidance. Corrina Gould of the \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a> in the East Bay is among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould, who’s been co-leading the nonprofit as it works to return Ohlone lands to indigenous stewardship since 2012, said when her team began this undertaking they didn’t give much thought to the complex logistics involved in pulling it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, she said she would have asked, “What is it going to look like as we grow to engage in these practices of a government that really disappeared us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67092_230718-sogoreatelandtrustberkeley-08-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person with long hair, earrings and a necklace stands in the shade of a tree.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould, chair and spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan, stands in a Sogorea Te’ Land Trust garden in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigating the nonprofit world is difficult because it’s at odds with traditional Native ideology, she said. “You still have to follow the policies and procedures and the laws that are governed by the state of California around private land ownership, around getting tax exemption, around doing audits every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since making connections with lawyers and accountants who are helping them through the process, today Sogorea Te’ manages about 10 pieces of land, mostly in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re growing native plants, creating a seed-saving library, doing creek restoration, running a youth program and building resilience hubs, places to store and distribute resources in case of natural or human-made emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to also begin to mentor others that are beginning to do this work as well,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin are among those now benefiting from Sogorea Te’s experience. As they figure out how to fund their vision for the Nicasio land, they’re planning to apply for grants and are meeting with more potential donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he has any conflicted feelings about what it took to get this little piece of his homeland back, or about having to ask for charity from others who’ve built their wealth on this land, Sanchez doesn’t miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the county give us the land, but we took it upon ourselves to get what we could when the time presented itself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he’s moved by the support they got. “It’s a profound feeling that people came to help us. It’s just extremely powerful, so we’re very grateful,” he said. “But all of this land is Coast Miwok land. Unceded Coast Miwok land. We didn’t sell the land. We weren’t compensated for the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That painful history is never far from his mind. There are reminders everywhere. This county’s name, Marin, comes from the name given to a Coast Miwok leader by missionaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67168_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-19-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people look out over a valley filled with green trees and golden grasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hoaglin (left) and Sanchez survey their ancestral lands in the hills outside Nicasio. The tribal council plans to build a roundhouse for ceremonies on the property. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their Nicasio land is at the heart of what was once Rancho Nicasio, a land grant promised to the Coast Miwok by the Mexican government but later seized by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a hilltop on the land, he points out an area nearby where \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/coast-miwok-ethnohistory.pdf\">one of the last Coast Miwok villages (PDF)\u003c/a> was settled until it was sold off in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end, there were just three dozen Coast Miwok living together here. Those ancestors are part of what draw Sanchez to this piece of land. He wants to hold on to that heritage, and pass it on. “This isn’t just for us, this is for our generations to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s always seen the past here. Now he sees a future, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Santa Clara County, the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band is fighting for one of their most sacred sites, known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.protectjuristac.org/about/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juristac\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Beginning In the late 1700s, Spanish colonizers forcibly removed the tribe from Juristac, and currently, the land is owned by a private firm that has proposed a plan to develop a mine onsite. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the last 7 years, the tribal band, with support from many residents and local officials, has organized to block the project. They want the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors to deny the mining permit from being approved. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this episode from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13924924/rightnowish-presents-from-the-soil\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rightnowish’s “From the Soil” series\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, producer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/marisolreports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marisol Medina-Cadena,\u003c/a> speaks to Valentin Lopez, Chairman of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3J6DGQJ\">\u003cem>Episode transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3503213778&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This episode originally aired on Feb. 9 \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Santa Clara County, the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band is fighting for one of their most sacred sites, known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.protectjuristac.org/about/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juristac\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Beginning In the late 1700s, Spanish colonizers forcibly removed the tribe from Juristac, and currently, the land is owned by a private firm that has proposed a plan to develop a mine onsite. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the last 7 years, the tribal band, with support from many residents and local officials, has organized to block the project. They want the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors to deny the mining permit from being approved. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this episode from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13924924/rightnowish-presents-from-the-soil\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rightnowish’s “From the Soil” series\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, producer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/marisolreports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marisol Medina-Cadena,\u003c/a> speaks to Valentin Lopez, Chairman of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3J6DGQJ\">\u003cem>Episode transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3503213778&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Driving through the coastal city of Morro Bay, it’s hard to miss the 600-foot-tall volcanic rock sticking out of the ocean and towering over the city. The local landmark is commonly known as Morro Rock, a Spanish word with several meanings including “snout” or “round hill.” But Indigenous people of the area call it by other names: Lisamu’ by the Chumash and Lesa’mo’ by the Salinan.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Kiserotti, member, Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation\"]‘Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is sacred to both tribes, a central figure in their mythology, although the two groups have ongoing tension over whether the rock should be climbed. The Chumash object to the Salinan tradition of scaling the rock twice a year, on the winter and summer solstices. But what both tribes have in common is a painful history of the sacred rock’s desecration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1889, the Army Corps of Engineers started heavily quarrying Morro Rock, blasting 250,000 tons of rock over the course of 80 years. They used it to create breakwaters in Morro Bay and nearby Avila Beach, a deeply painful history to the Chumash and Salinan. Blasted pieces of the rock were also used in buildings around San Luis Obispo County and for the road to the rock itself, which used to be an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white archival photo of three men standing on a large rock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1020x653.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo taken between 1885 and 1899. The three men mining Morro Rock are Captain AA Polhamus, contractor; John Schneider, engineer; and Lester Van Fleet, foreman. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rock is now about two-thirds of its original size, and shaped differently from how even some living tribal elders remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Road to reunion\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers started looking at repairing the nearby Port San Luis breakwater. They reached out to the Northern Chumash Tribal Council (NCTC) to get input on what should happen to the granite that originally came from Morro Rock. Fred Collins chaired the council at the time, and told them he wanted it back.[aside postID=\"news_11933852,news_11928364\" label=\"Related Posts\"]“He wanted them to put it back together,” said Violet Sage Walker, the current chairwoman of the NCTC, and Collins’ daughter. “I imagine him thinking that they’re gonna, like, glue the rock back together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps eventually put the project on hold after deciding it wasn’t feasible. But then in 2021, they contacted the Chumash — and the Salinan, who did not get involved and didn’t want to comment on it for this story — and told them they’d found a way to extract some of Morro Rock’s stones from the breakwater and return them to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuniting the rock\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August of 2022, the NCTC brought the various Chumash tribes together to return recovered pieces of Lisamu’ to their source in a ceremony called Reunite the Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11940498 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People stand by a boat near the shore with people sitting down on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional wooden canoes called tomols approach the shore on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tribal members rowed traditional wooden canoes called tomols to the sandy shore below the rock. The rowers were greeted on the shore by more tribal members who cheered and sang songs. About a hundred people from all parts of the Morro Bay community looked on excitedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation member Michael Kiserotti invited everyone — not just tribal members — to form a human chain to pass the stones from the beached tomols to the base of Lisamu’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness,” he said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A seat at the table\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Violet Sage Walker described that day as “spectacular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad always would tell people, we can do better. And that’s an example of us doing better, doing things with more care and consideration and empathy for other people. It was a pretty amazing event,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it was meaningful to have the Army Corps “stand with us and give us back our rocks, and apologize for things that happened in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"An archival black and white photo of a section of a large rock being blown up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taken in the summer of 1895, this archival photo shows Morro Rock being actively blown up. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she appreciated the symbolism of returning the rocks, she said it doesn’t wash away the painful and violent history of this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rock was blown up right about the time our people and our culture were, too,” she said. “In the 1880s, our people were being killed, [with] state-sanctioned killing of Indigenous people. It was after the mission system, so they were already displaced from their land, and then our sacred places were being blown up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a legacy of violence, and one that is still very much in the minds of Indigenous people here. But Sage Walker said her tribe now has a “seat at the table” when decisions are made, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of people form a line at the base of a large rock outside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of people participated in Reunite the Rock’s human chain, passing recovered fragments of Morro Rock one by one to the base of the rock on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, a massive offshore wind farm is planned for Morro Bay, as is the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary in the waters south of Morro Bay. While the tribe doesn’t control those projects, they are being consulted on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bittersweet,” Sage Walker said. “These people, my ancestors, people that have suffered so much aren’t here to see things like this happen. But it hopefully will be easier on the next generation, that they won’t have to go through some of the things that we’ve gone through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps’ breakwater project will likely pick back up in the spring. The rocks’ return was a symbolic gesture, but for Sage Walker, it’s an indication the Chumash are finally being heard, listened to and included — a small step toward healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is sacred to both tribes, a central figure in their mythology, although the two groups have ongoing tension over whether the rock should be climbed. The Chumash object to the Salinan tradition of scaling the rock twice a year, on the winter and summer solstices. But what both tribes have in common is a painful history of the sacred rock’s desecration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1889, the Army Corps of Engineers started heavily quarrying Morro Rock, blasting 250,000 tons of rock over the course of 80 years. They used it to create breakwaters in Morro Bay and nearby Avila Beach, a deeply painful history to the Chumash and Salinan. Blasted pieces of the rock were also used in buildings around San Luis Obispo County and for the road to the rock itself, which used to be an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white archival photo of three men standing on a large rock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1020x653.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo taken between 1885 and 1899. The three men mining Morro Rock are Captain AA Polhamus, contractor; John Schneider, engineer; and Lester Van Fleet, foreman. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rock is now about two-thirds of its original size, and shaped differently from how even some living tribal elders remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Road to reunion\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers started looking at repairing the nearby Port San Luis breakwater. They reached out to the Northern Chumash Tribal Council (NCTC) to get input on what should happen to the granite that originally came from Morro Rock. Fred Collins chaired the council at the time, and told them he wanted it back.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He wanted them to put it back together,” said Violet Sage Walker, the current chairwoman of the NCTC, and Collins’ daughter. “I imagine him thinking that they’re gonna, like, glue the rock back together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps eventually put the project on hold after deciding it wasn’t feasible. But then in 2021, they contacted the Chumash — and the Salinan, who did not get involved and didn’t want to comment on it for this story — and told them they’d found a way to extract some of Morro Rock’s stones from the breakwater and return them to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuniting the rock\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August of 2022, the NCTC brought the various Chumash tribes together to return recovered pieces of Lisamu’ to their source in a ceremony called Reunite the Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11940498 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People stand by a boat near the shore with people sitting down on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional wooden canoes called tomols approach the shore on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tribal members rowed traditional wooden canoes called tomols to the sandy shore below the rock. The rowers were greeted on the shore by more tribal members who cheered and sang songs. About a hundred people from all parts of the Morro Bay community looked on excitedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation member Michael Kiserotti invited everyone — not just tribal members — to form a human chain to pass the stones from the beached tomols to the base of Lisamu’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness,” he said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A seat at the table\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Violet Sage Walker described that day as “spectacular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad always would tell people, we can do better. And that’s an example of us doing better, doing things with more care and consideration and empathy for other people. It was a pretty amazing event,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it was meaningful to have the Army Corps “stand with us and give us back our rocks, and apologize for things that happened in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"An archival black and white photo of a section of a large rock being blown up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taken in the summer of 1895, this archival photo shows Morro Rock being actively blown up. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she appreciated the symbolism of returning the rocks, she said it doesn’t wash away the painful and violent history of this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rock was blown up right about the time our people and our culture were, too,” she said. “In the 1880s, our people were being killed, [with] state-sanctioned killing of Indigenous people. It was after the mission system, so they were already displaced from their land, and then our sacred places were being blown up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a legacy of violence, and one that is still very much in the minds of Indigenous people here. But Sage Walker said her tribe now has a “seat at the table” when decisions are made, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of people form a line at the base of a large rock outside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of people participated in Reunite the Rock’s human chain, passing recovered fragments of Morro Rock one by one to the base of the rock on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, a massive offshore wind farm is planned for Morro Bay, as is the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary in the waters south of Morro Bay. While the tribe doesn’t control those projects, they are being consulted on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bittersweet,” Sage Walker said. “These people, my ancestors, people that have suffered so much aren’t here to see things like this happen. But it hopefully will be easier on the next generation, that they won’t have to go through some of the things that we’ve gone through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps’ breakwater project will likely pick back up in the spring. The rocks’ return was a symbolic gesture, but for Sage Walker, it’s an indication the Chumash are finally being heard, listened to and included — a small step toward healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes",
"title": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes",
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"headTitle": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.",
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"title": "Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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