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"disqusTitle": "Viral WhatsApp Messages Are Triggering Mob Killings in India",
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"content": "\u003cp>Iram Sabah, mother of two, is terrified by messages her family has been receiving on their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband recently was forwarded a video that shows a child's mutilated body. It's unclear where or when the video is from, or whether it has been doctored. A voice implores people to forward it to others, and to stay vigilant — that kidnappers are on the loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabah, 27, doesn't know if the video is fake or real. But she's not taking any chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my children go outside to play, I'm really scared,\" she says in an interview at her home in western India. \"These rumors have been spreading. I don't let them walk to school alone anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such videos and messages — many of them fake or photoshopped — have gone viral across India, spread mostly on WhatsApp, a messaging tool owned by Facebook. India is its largest market, with more than 200 million users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The messages have driven parents like Sabah to keep their children indoors. Teachers report reduced attendance at schools. The texts have even driven some Indians to murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, about two dozen people across India have been lynched — beaten to death — by mobs driven to violence by what they've read on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fake news is blamed for misleading voters and possibly influencing elections in the West. But in India, it's killing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/629731693/630053086\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night this month, around 11 p.m., Sabah heard a commotion outside her home. She lives in a midsize town, Malegaon, in northern Maharashtra state — an area famous for its textile looms, about 170 miles northeast and inland from India's largest city, Mumbai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was inside, having put her children, ages 4 and 6, to bed. Her husband was outside tinkering with his motorcycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw a mob beating five people. The crowd was getting bigger and bigger. They filled up the road in front of my house,\" says Sabah's husband, Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32. \"They even attacked police vehicles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five victims at the center of the mob were a couple, their toddler and two relatives. They'd wandered into town to beg, police and witnesses said. Locals feared they were the kidnappers all these WhatsApp messages had warned of — and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaikh Karim pulled the victims to safety inside his home, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. Police finally intervened and extracted them. But they're still in hiding, shaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been as lucky. In the neighboring district of Dhule, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whatsapp-rumours-updates-over-whatsapp-rumours-5-men-killed-in-maharashtra-men-beaten-in-chennai-1876287\">five other people were beaten to death\u003c/a> under similar circumstances on July 1, the same day Shaikh Karim rescued people from the mob in front of his house in Malegaon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11681227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11681227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/11_custom-ac34e888c79ba032a2fa015fe4427cb3f5e714c8-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. \u003ccite>(Lauren Frayer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, Indian police have launched an \u003ca href=\"https://scroll.in/article/885082/child-lifting-rumours-as-social-media-provokes-mobs-indian-police-struggle-to-dispel-fake-news\">anti-fake news campaign\u003c/a>. Traffic cops hand out flyers at intersections, with information dispelling the latest smartphone rumors to go viral. Town hall meetings are being convened across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rural school near Malegaon, police officers huddle in a humid cinderblock classroom, showing students one such misleading video on a tablet computer. Hundreds of villagers have gathered outside to hear the local police chief speak to the crowd. He urges them to be skeptical of what they read online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We made an appeal to the families, that they should not be fooled by false rumors and false pieces of news on the internet,\" says Harssh Poddar, additional superintendent of the Malegaon police. \"They must use their own minds. They must use their own sense of discretion — and in any case, it is not legitimate to attack someone on the belief of any rumor, fake or true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem of mob justice in India isn't confined to poor people, or rural dwellers, or first-time smartphone users. One of the latest victims was an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/india-google-engineer-latest-victim-of-mob-lynchings-fueled-by-whatsapp-rumors/a-44679902\">engineer for Google\u003c/a>. In May, another man was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-44532224/the-india-whatsapp-video-driving-people-to-murder\">killed under a highway flyover in Bangalore\u003c/a>, a city of 12 million that has become India's high-tech hub — the local equivalent of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the rumors circulating in India prey on people's deepest fears, like having your child stolen. Some of the messages blame a rival religious, ethnic or tribal group — stirring a mistrust that already exists deep down in certain communities, Poddar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say that when a mob behaves like this, that it is an incident of collective losing of mind. It isn't,\" he says. \"It is an instance of knowing that you are shielded behind a crowd, that you may not be identified, and therefore you can indulge in behavior that is otherwise unacceptable in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that way, mobs on the street could be acting similarly to trolls on the internet — taking advantage of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poddar is trying to change that. He's used closed-circuit TV to identify attackers. He's threatening jail time to anyone who even forwards incendiary messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indian government has \u003ca href=\"http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180364\">demanded that WhatsApp\u003c/a> block such messages. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://inc42.com/buzz/fake-new-alert-whatsapp-launches-forwards-label/\">responded with a new feature\u003c/a>, which labels content that has been forwarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now the most important point is to tell people that WhatsApp is not your news source,\" says Pankaj Jain, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/\">Hoax Slayer website\u003c/a>, devoted to debunking fake news online. \"It's not a newspaper, it's not a news channel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jain says he receives 20 to 30 queries a day from the public, urging him to investigate rumors or suspicious videos online. He has debunked mermaid sightings, \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=ghost+car\">ghost cars\u003c/a> and, increasingly in India, kidnapping videos. He traced some of the most incendiary footage to an unrelated \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=guatemala\">incident in Guatemala\u003c/a>, not India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With smartphones and web service getting cheaper and more ubiquitous in India, Jain says online rumors are multiplying. He predicts it'll grow even more next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever an election comes, the fake news starts spreading a lot,\" Jain says. \"So obviously it's going to increase by 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2019 — next year – is when India holds its general elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Mumbai producer Sushmita Pathak contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The messages have driven parents like Sabah to keep their children indoors. Teachers report reduced attendance at schools. The texts have even driven some Indians to murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, about two dozen people across India have been lynched — beaten to death — by mobs driven to violence by what they've read on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fake news is blamed for misleading voters and possibly influencing elections in the West. But in India, it's killing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/629731693/630053086\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night this month, around 11 p.m., Sabah heard a commotion outside her home. She lives in a midsize town, Malegaon, in northern Maharashtra state — an area famous for its textile looms, about 170 miles northeast and inland from India's largest city, Mumbai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was inside, having put her children, ages 4 and 6, to bed. Her husband was outside tinkering with his motorcycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw a mob beating five people. The crowd was getting bigger and bigger. They filled up the road in front of my house,\" says Sabah's husband, Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32. \"They even attacked police vehicles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five victims at the center of the mob were a couple, their toddler and two relatives. They'd wandered into town to beg, police and witnesses said. Locals feared they were the kidnappers all these WhatsApp messages had warned of — and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaikh Karim pulled the victims to safety inside his home, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. Police finally intervened and extracted them. But they're still in hiding, shaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been as lucky. In the neighboring district of Dhule, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whatsapp-rumours-updates-over-whatsapp-rumours-5-men-killed-in-maharashtra-men-beaten-in-chennai-1876287\">five other people were beaten to death\u003c/a> under similar circumstances on July 1, the same day Shaikh Karim rescued people from the mob in front of his house in Malegaon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11681227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11681227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/11_custom-ac34e888c79ba032a2fa015fe4427cb3f5e714c8-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. \u003ccite>(Lauren Frayer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, Indian police have launched an \u003ca href=\"https://scroll.in/article/885082/child-lifting-rumours-as-social-media-provokes-mobs-indian-police-struggle-to-dispel-fake-news\">anti-fake news campaign\u003c/a>. Traffic cops hand out flyers at intersections, with information dispelling the latest smartphone rumors to go viral. Town hall meetings are being convened across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rural school near Malegaon, police officers huddle in a humid cinderblock classroom, showing students one such misleading video on a tablet computer. Hundreds of villagers have gathered outside to hear the local police chief speak to the crowd. He urges them to be skeptical of what they read online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We made an appeal to the families, that they should not be fooled by false rumors and false pieces of news on the internet,\" says Harssh Poddar, additional superintendent of the Malegaon police. \"They must use their own minds. They must use their own sense of discretion — and in any case, it is not legitimate to attack someone on the belief of any rumor, fake or true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem of mob justice in India isn't confined to poor people, or rural dwellers, or first-time smartphone users. One of the latest victims was an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/india-google-engineer-latest-victim-of-mob-lynchings-fueled-by-whatsapp-rumors/a-44679902\">engineer for Google\u003c/a>. In May, another man was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-44532224/the-india-whatsapp-video-driving-people-to-murder\">killed under a highway flyover in Bangalore\u003c/a>, a city of 12 million that has become India's high-tech hub — the local equivalent of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the rumors circulating in India prey on people's deepest fears, like having your child stolen. Some of the messages blame a rival religious, ethnic or tribal group — stirring a mistrust that already exists deep down in certain communities, Poddar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say that when a mob behaves like this, that it is an incident of collective losing of mind. It isn't,\" he says. \"It is an instance of knowing that you are shielded behind a crowd, that you may not be identified, and therefore you can indulge in behavior that is otherwise unacceptable in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that way, mobs on the street could be acting similarly to trolls on the internet — taking advantage of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poddar is trying to change that. He's used closed-circuit TV to identify attackers. He's threatening jail time to anyone who even forwards incendiary messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indian government has \u003ca href=\"http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180364\">demanded that WhatsApp\u003c/a> block such messages. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://inc42.com/buzz/fake-new-alert-whatsapp-launches-forwards-label/\">responded with a new feature\u003c/a>, which labels content that has been forwarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now the most important point is to tell people that WhatsApp is not your news source,\" says Pankaj Jain, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/\">Hoax Slayer website\u003c/a>, devoted to debunking fake news online. \"It's not a newspaper, it's not a news channel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jain says he receives 20 to 30 queries a day from the public, urging him to investigate rumors or suspicious videos online. He has debunked mermaid sightings, \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=ghost+car\">ghost cars\u003c/a> and, increasingly in India, kidnapping videos. He traced some of the most incendiary footage to an unrelated \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=guatemala\">incident in Guatemala\u003c/a>, not India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With smartphones and web service getting cheaper and more ubiquitous in India, Jain says online rumors are multiplying. He predicts it'll grow even more next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever an election comes, the fake news starts spreading a lot,\" Jain says. \"So obviously it's going to increase by 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2019 — next year – is when India holds its general elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Mumbai producer Sushmita Pathak contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Viral+WhatsApp+Messages+Are+Triggering+Mob+Killings+In+India&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Letter to My California Dreamer: How My Parents Found a Place to Love in L.A.",
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"content": "\u003cp>For a series we’re calling “Letters To My California Dreamer,” we’re asking Californians from all walks of life \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/californiadreamletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to write a short letter\u003c/a> to one of the first people in their family who came to the Golden State. The letter should explain:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was their California Dream?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>What happened to it?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Is that California Dream still alive for you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my letter to my parents, on their 50th anniversary of moving to California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Dear Mom and Papa,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">I know you came to California with a dream: You both wanted to go to UCLA and also wanted to live in a place where your relationship would be accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">You met at Purdue, surrounded by corn fields in Indiana. It was 1965. Mom, you were a rebellious Irish Catholic girl who had gotten kicked out of an all-girls college and wanted to go to a coed school. Papa, you were a skinny Indian engineer whose entire family had taken the train from Delhi to Bombay to wave goodbye as your ship sailed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-520x336.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anand and Ellen Khokha, soon after meeting in the 1960s \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">When you two met, interracial marriage was still illegal in Virginia, where Mom’s parents lived. Los Angeles was a place where people wouldn’t raise eyebrows if you lived together -- especially before you were married. Later, you could nurture us kids in an open-minded, multicultural city. Far away from cold winters, and attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">When you came to L.A. in August 1968, you both attended UCLA. Many years later, you would drive me and my brother past an old pink apartment building in Culver City to show us where you got your start in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670416\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670416\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-520x352.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut.jpg 1318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha and her father, Anand, on the beach in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">You raised us to be California kids – sledding on the sand dunes at the beach in December, pushing us to learn Spanish early on. Sending us to an arts high school where, even though we didn’t have money like my classmates with Hollywood pedigrees, we learned to think and question and be open to new ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670511\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-800x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-800x686.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-160x137.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-1020x875.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-960x824.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-375x322.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-520x446.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut.jpg 1119w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anand and Ellen Khokha, their kids, grandkids, and extended family, in December 2015. \u003ccite>(Anand Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">The California melting pot lives on in our family. I married a fellow Californian, whose parents are Japanese and Mexican. And we’re raising our kids in a multicultural stew, exposing them to new ideas and sledding on the beach. That was your California dream for us 50 years ago. And we’re still living it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Thank you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Love, Sasha\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’d love to see your letter to your family’s California Dreamer. Maybe it was a parent, a great-great grandparent or maybe even you were the first in your family to come to California with a dream. \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/californiadreamletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fill out the form here\u003c/a> and share your story with us!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For a series we’re calling “Letters To My California Dreamer,” we’re asking Californians from all walks of life \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/californiadreamletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to write a short letter\u003c/a> to one of the first people in their family who came to the Golden State. The letter should explain:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was their California Dream?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>What happened to it?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Is that California Dream still alive for you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my letter to my parents, on their 50th anniversary of moving to California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Dear Mom and Papa,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">I know you came to California with a dream: You both wanted to go to UCLA and also wanted to live in a place where your relationship would be accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">You met at Purdue, surrounded by corn fields in Indiana. It was 1965. Mom, you were a rebellious Irish Catholic girl who had gotten kicked out of an all-girls college and wanted to go to a coed school. Papa, you were a skinny Indian engineer whose entire family had taken the train from Delhi to Bombay to wave goodbye as your ship sailed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut-520x336.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31135_sasha-4-qut.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anand and Ellen Khokha, soon after meeting in the 1960s \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">When you two met, interracial marriage was still illegal in Virginia, where Mom’s parents lived. Los Angeles was a place where people wouldn’t raise eyebrows if you lived together -- especially before you were married. Later, you could nurture us kids in an open-minded, multicultural city. Far away from cold winters, and attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">When you came to L.A. in August 1968, you both attended UCLA. Many years later, you would drive me and my brother past an old pink apartment building in Culver City to show us where you got your start in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670416\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670416\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut-520x352.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31132_sasha-1-qut.jpg 1318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha and her father, Anand, on the beach in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">You raised us to be California kids – sledding on the sand dunes at the beach in December, pushing us to learn Spanish early on. Sending us to an arts high school where, even though we didn’t have money like my classmates with Hollywood pedigrees, we learned to think and question and be open to new ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11670511\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11670511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-800x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-800x686.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-160x137.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-1020x875.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-960x824.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-375x322.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut-520x446.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS31144_IMG_7857-qut.jpg 1119w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anand and Ellen Khokha, their kids, grandkids, and extended family, in December 2015. \u003ccite>(Anand Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">The California melting pot lives on in our family. I married a fellow Californian, whose parents are Japanese and Mexican. And we’re raising our kids in a multicultural stew, exposing them to new ideas and sledding on the beach. That was your California dream for us 50 years ago. And we’re still living it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Thank you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: courier\">Love, Sasha\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’d love to see your letter to your family’s California Dreamer. Maybe it was a parent, a great-great grandparent or maybe even you were the first in your family to come to California with a dream. \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/californiadreamletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fill out the form here\u003c/a> and share your story with us!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Zakir Hussain's 'Distant Kin' Brings Together Indian, Celtic Traditions",
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"content": "\u003cp>Zakir Hussain belongs to one of Northern India’s most distinguished musical dynasties, and ever since he landed in the Bay Area in the early 1970s he’s sought out opportunities to collaborate with musicians far afield from the Hindustani classical tradition in which he was raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance the swirling jigs and reels and sumptuous ballads of traditional Celtic music might seem like a particularly long stretch for Hussain. But the United Kingdom and India are tied together by a great deal of history, a colonial legacy on which the sun has yet to set. Consider: Hussain’s father, tabla legend Alla Rakha, spent the first three decades of his life as a British subject, and Great Britain’s centuries-long rule of the subcontinent led to countless informal East-meets-West musical encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/237171024\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That history is one of several paths that led Hussain, the world’s foremost tabla virtuoso, to his latest cross-cultural exploration, \"Distant Kin\" (Moment Records). It’s a nine-piece project that brings together a new generation of classically trained Indian masters with a prodigious cast of players from across the Celtic world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This does go back a couple of hundred years,” Hussain told me in an interview earlier this year. “Indian musicians were drafted into the British army’s marching bands, and pipers and big bass drums were a lot like the shehnai and Punjabi dhol. I grew up hearing processions and wedding bands with the pipes and a bodhrán-like frame drum played in a procession. Those sounds stuck with me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin.jpg\" alt='The \"Distant Kin\" album cover' width=\"1500\" height=\"1355\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-10791011\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-400x361.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-800x723.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-768x694.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-1440x1301.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-1180x1066.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-960x867.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not playing classical recitals or writing film scores, Hussain has dedicated himself to building musical bridges. The longtime Marin resident was a founding member of the seminal Indo-jazz ensemble Shakti. He’s collaborated widely with Yo-Yo Ma, and he earned the first Grammy Award for a world music album with Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart’s \"Planet Drum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indo-Celtic concept first got a test drive a few years ago when a Glasgow festival invited Hussain to participate in a concert series called Celtic Connections. He expanded the framework for this project\u003cem>, \u003c/em>which was recorded last spring in San Francisco at the SFJAZZ Center (where Hussain is in the midst of a stint as a resident artistic director). The concert concluded a North American tour, and the music feels utterly organic and lived in. Hussain often borrows the Celtic habit of weaving tunes together as medleys, seamlessly moving from one tradition to another, like on the sinuously swaying “Trinkamp/Tajir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHFro4tRy3g\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what makes the album so consistently enthralling is that Hussain constructed the ensemble by twinning instruments to highlight the way the traditions draw on similar tonalities. His tablas work in tandem with John Joe Kelly’s Irish frame drum bodhrán. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scottish fiddlers Charlie McKerron and Patsy Reid (who co-founded the acclaimed band Breabach) trade lines with Indian violinist Ganesh Rajagopalan. And on “Michael’s Matches/Rakesh’s Bansuri” Brittany’s Jean-Michel Veillon, a wooden flute player, is paired with bamboo flute Rakesh Chaurasia (yes, he’s the nephew and disciple of his legendary uncle, Hariprasad Chaurasia).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-fUxP_Bezc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dublin guitarist Tony Byrne, a rhythmic dynamo, deserves a fair amount of credit for the way the ensemble locks together so effectively. In an interview earlier this year he told me that he grew up listening to Shakti and reveres the group’s guitarist, jazz great John McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin’s dedication to classical Indian music was another path that led to \"Distant Kin,\" as Hussain decided he wanted to reciprocate his friend’s passion by collaborating with traditional Scottish players (the ancestry of the Yorkshire-born McLaughlin). While this music flows from a history of colonial rule, \"Distant Kin\" embodies a far more powerful dynamic, as these musicians find a common language without sacrificing a bit of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin.jpg\" alt='The \"Distant Kin\" album cover' width=\"1500\" height=\"1355\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-10791011\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-400x361.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-800x723.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-768x694.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-1440x1301.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-1180x1066.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/DistantKin-960x867.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not playing classical recitals or writing film scores, Hussain has dedicated himself to building musical bridges. The longtime Marin resident was a founding member of the seminal Indo-jazz ensemble Shakti. He’s collaborated widely with Yo-Yo Ma, and he earned the first Grammy Award for a world music album with Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart’s \"Planet Drum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indo-Celtic concept first got a test drive a few years ago when a Glasgow festival invited Hussain to participate in a concert series called Celtic Connections. He expanded the framework for this project\u003cem>, \u003c/em>which was recorded last spring in San Francisco at the SFJAZZ Center (where Hussain is in the midst of a stint as a resident artistic director). The concert concluded a North American tour, and the music feels utterly organic and lived in. Hussain often borrows the Celtic habit of weaving tunes together as medleys, seamlessly moving from one tradition to another, like on the sinuously swaying “Trinkamp/Tajir.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zHFro4tRy3g'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zHFro4tRy3g'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of what makes the album so consistently enthralling is that Hussain constructed the ensemble by twinning instruments to highlight the way the traditions draw on similar tonalities. His tablas work in tandem with John Joe Kelly’s Irish frame drum bodhrán. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scottish fiddlers Charlie McKerron and Patsy Reid (who co-founded the acclaimed band Breabach) trade lines with Indian violinist Ganesh Rajagopalan. And on “Michael’s Matches/Rakesh’s Bansuri” Brittany’s Jean-Michel Veillon, a wooden flute player, is paired with bamboo flute Rakesh Chaurasia (yes, he’s the nephew and disciple of his legendary uncle, Hariprasad Chaurasia).\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/c-fUxP_Bezc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/c-fUxP_Bezc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Dublin guitarist Tony Byrne, a rhythmic dynamo, deserves a fair amount of credit for the way the ensemble locks together so effectively. In an interview earlier this year he told me that he grew up listening to Shakti and reveres the group’s guitarist, jazz great John McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin’s dedication to classical Indian music was another path that led to \"Distant Kin,\" as Hussain decided he wanted to reciprocate his friend’s passion by collaborating with traditional Scottish players (the ancestry of the Yorkshire-born McLaughlin). While this music flows from a history of colonial rule, \"Distant Kin\" embodies a far more powerful dynamic, as these musicians find a common language without sacrificing a bit of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "modi-calls-silicon-valleys-indian-americans-a-brain-gain",
"title": "Modi Calls Silicon Valley's Indian-Americans a 'Brain Gain'",
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"headTitle": "Modi Calls Silicon Valley’s Indian-Americans a ‘Brain Gain’ | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>India’s digital-driven Prime Minister Narendra Modi connected with Silicon Valley’s Indian-American community in a big way Sunday, as he continues to rehabilitate his own reputation in this country after being banned for nine years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Jose’s SAP Center, he drew close to 18,000 people — mostly Indian-Americans. The audience included House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi and a host of congressional members, including Mike Honda, John Garamendi, Ami Bera, Tulsi Gabbard, Jerry McNerney, Loretta Sanchez and Eric Swalwell. Earlier in the day, Modi discussed climate change with Gov. Jerry Brown at the Fairmont Hotel, held a town hall meeting at Facebook with CEO Mark Zuckerberg and visited Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10699545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10699545 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"India's Prime Minister Modi walks onto the stage at San Jose's SAP Center\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi walks onto the stage at San Jose’s SAP Center \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Modi’s visit to California was the first for an Indian prime minister in 33 years. The United States denied Modi a visa in 2005 over allegations that he failed to intervene to stop Hindus from killing hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat state, where he was chief minister. He was eventually cleared of complicity by India’s Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi told the cheering crowd in San Jose that he doesn’t see their exodus as a brain drain but as a “brain deposit.” Many engineers and other educated Indians flocked to Silicon Valley in the 1980s, because they felt that innovation was stifled by political and social forces in India. Modi said their success and the magic of their fingers in Silicon Valley forced the world to change the way it looks at India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“India’s brain drain came to be brain gain,” said Modi, 64, speaking in Hindi with English subtitles on a jumbo screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi wants Indian-Americans to invest in India, said Seema Sirohi, a columnist for the Economic Times in Washington, D.C., after she heard the speech in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He called them not a brain drain but a brain deposit that he can cash when the time comes. With opportunities growing in India, he wants them to come back,” said Sirohi. “He said India is on a growth path with one of the fastest-growing economies in the world now and it’s a huge market, so it’s a great opportunity for entrepreneurs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi drew many Indian-Americans in their 20s who are planning to make careers in tech. Jeet Shah, a Cal Poly graduate student in electrical engineering, drove all the way from San Luis Obispo to hear Modi speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”AgQAkGJo6CUUu73Njz28W9prpvEJDWTb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to hear the different kinds of changes he plans to bring into India and how he plans to connect people in America to India,” said Shah. “I plan to work in the Silicon Valley next year and would like to invest in India someday. And hopefully Modi makes it a little easier for us Indians in America to invest and hopefully he brings a lot of reforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone who turned out Sunday was pleased with Modi’s plans for “Digital India” or his economic reforms. About 500 demonstrators were outside SAP with signs about climate change and human rights issues, including gay rights. San Jose police tried to keep protesters and supporters apart, but yelling matches often broke out before Modi’s speech began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In India it is a Modi-cracy, not a democracy,” said Bajin Singh outside the arena. “There are forced conversions, there are genocides. It is a nation that wants to have one religion, one identity and one look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One climate change protester said Modi can’t have it both ways on energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Modi is talking about the largest rollout of solar power anywhere, but he’s also talking about a massive increase in coal burning. And there’s no point in increasing solar if you’re just going to increase coal burning,” said Neil Tangri of Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Indian gay rights activist, who did not want to be identified, said Modi needs to legalize homosexuality, which is considered a crime in India. The activist moved to San Francisco eight years ago because he is gay but remains a citizen of India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the morning, Modi answered questions at a town hall meeting hosted by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg at the headquarters of the world’s largest social network. Modi said social media is a powerful tool for democracy, and world leaders should not run away from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a big gap between the Indian government and people,” said Modi. “The strength of social media is the government knows where it is going wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mohit Agrawal, a product manager at Facebook, came to the United States a decade ago. He said Modi has arrived in the United States — but so have Indian-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a moment of pride for all the immigrants who work in the valley and have not seen this kind of excitement for any statesman in a long time,” said Agrawal.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>India’s digital-driven Prime Minister Narendra Modi connected with Silicon Valley’s Indian-American community in a big way Sunday, as he continues to rehabilitate his own reputation in this country after being banned for nine years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Jose’s SAP Center, he drew close to 18,000 people — mostly Indian-Americans. The audience included House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi and a host of congressional members, including Mike Honda, John Garamendi, Ami Bera, Tulsi Gabbard, Jerry McNerney, Loretta Sanchez and Eric Swalwell. Earlier in the day, Modi discussed climate change with Gov. Jerry Brown at the Fairmont Hotel, held a town hall meeting at Facebook with CEO Mark Zuckerberg and visited Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10699545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10699545 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"India's Prime Minister Modi walks onto the stage at San Jose's SAP Center\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16798_image1-qut-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi walks onto the stage at San Jose’s SAP Center \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Modi’s visit to California was the first for an Indian prime minister in 33 years. The United States denied Modi a visa in 2005 over allegations that he failed to intervene to stop Hindus from killing hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat state, where he was chief minister. He was eventually cleared of complicity by India’s Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi told the cheering crowd in San Jose that he doesn’t see their exodus as a brain drain but as a “brain deposit.” Many engineers and other educated Indians flocked to Silicon Valley in the 1980s, because they felt that innovation was stifled by political and social forces in India. Modi said their success and the magic of their fingers in Silicon Valley forced the world to change the way it looks at India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“India’s brain drain came to be brain gain,” said Modi, 64, speaking in Hindi with English subtitles on a jumbo screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi wants Indian-Americans to invest in India, said Seema Sirohi, a columnist for the Economic Times in Washington, D.C., after she heard the speech in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He called them not a brain drain but a brain deposit that he can cash when the time comes. With opportunities growing in India, he wants them to come back,” said Sirohi. “He said India is on a growth path with one of the fastest-growing economies in the world now and it’s a huge market, so it’s a great opportunity for entrepreneurs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi drew many Indian-Americans in their 20s who are planning to make careers in tech. Jeet Shah, a Cal Poly graduate student in electrical engineering, drove all the way from San Luis Obispo to hear Modi speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to hear the different kinds of changes he plans to bring into India and how he plans to connect people in America to India,” said Shah. “I plan to work in the Silicon Valley next year and would like to invest in India someday. And hopefully Modi makes it a little easier for us Indians in America to invest and hopefully he brings a lot of reforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone who turned out Sunday was pleased with Modi’s plans for “Digital India” or his economic reforms. About 500 demonstrators were outside SAP with signs about climate change and human rights issues, including gay rights. San Jose police tried to keep protesters and supporters apart, but yelling matches often broke out before Modi’s speech began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In India it is a Modi-cracy, not a democracy,” said Bajin Singh outside the arena. “There are forced conversions, there are genocides. It is a nation that wants to have one religion, one identity and one look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One climate change protester said Modi can’t have it both ways on energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Modi is talking about the largest rollout of solar power anywhere, but he’s also talking about a massive increase in coal burning. And there’s no point in increasing solar if you’re just going to increase coal burning,” said Neil Tangri of Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Indian gay rights activist, who did not want to be identified, said Modi needs to legalize homosexuality, which is considered a crime in India. The activist moved to San Francisco eight years ago because he is gay but remains a citizen of India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the morning, Modi answered questions at a town hall meeting hosted by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg at the headquarters of the world’s largest social network. Modi said social media is a powerful tool for democracy, and world leaders should not run away from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a big gap between the Indian government and people,” said Modi. “The strength of social media is the government knows where it is going wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mohit Agrawal, a product manager at Facebook, came to the United States a decade ago. He said Modi has arrived in the United States — but so have Indian-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a moment of pride for all the immigrants who work in the valley and have not seen this kind of excitement for any statesman in a long time,” said Agrawal.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "love-in-the-digital-age-gomathi-prashanth",
"title": "Love in the Digital Age: Gomathi & Prashanth",
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"content": "\u003cp>In India, middle-class couples used to find each other and marry through family connections, a marriage broker or by way of a newspaper ad. Today, they — and their counterparts around the world — are just as likely to use any one of an explosion of matrimonial websites, some with apps for your smartphone. Two of the largest sites are \u003ca href=\"http://www.shaadi.com/\">\u003cu>Shaadi.com\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bharatmatrimony.com/\">\u003cu>Bharatmatrimony.com\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1-400x710.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shot from the iPhone app.\" width=\"200\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot from the iPhone app. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of BharatMatrimony)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A growing number of the profiles on these sites are written by the hopeful wedding seekers themselves, but those with a more traditional mindset will allow their parents to write them. That was the case for Gomathi Ramakrishnan and her husband, Prashanth Vishnumangalam Narayanan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gomathi: She’s intelligent…pursing her Master’s in Canada…she’s homely and traditional…plays Badminton…she’s cute. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prashanth: He’s an Iyer Brahmin…he doesn’t eat meat…he doesn’t drink. He’s a good boy. He’s done his bachelor’s, he’s done his master’s, and he’s based out of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gomathi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, Gomathi was 22 years old and working to complete a master’s degree in neuroscience at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. One day her father called from her hometown of Chennai in southern India. “We’re going to put up a profile for you on Bharatmatrimony.com,” he said matter-of-factly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss an episode of ‘Love in the Digital Age’\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Gomathi delights in sharing what happened next. “He started entering \u003cem>his\u003c/em> profile information. He typed his name, he typed his age, and he typed all stuff about him.” In retrospect, she figures he probably thought he was registering, as opposed to creating a profile. But the error became apparent when the first bite of interest came from an older woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was like, ‘Why is someone who is 50 years old giving information for my daughter?’ ” Gomathi giggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tech-savvy cousin soon came to the rescue — and now Gomathi was on the hot seat. “Within two weeks, he [her father] came back with a list of 15 guys. I was really overwhelmed!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She demurred, but her dad insisted, and then begged her to at least call his favorite: Prashanth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prashanth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth Vishnumangalam Narayanan was 27, a Fremont resident and established consultant on supply chain management for PricewaterhouseCoopers in San Jose, when he started getting curious calls from his mother in Chennai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10694743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 361px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10694743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GomathiPrashanthVERT.jpg\" alt=\"Gomathi and Prashanth\" width=\"361\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gomathi and Prashanth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She told him women were expressing interest in getting to know him better, which made no sense, until she admitted she’d posted a profile of him online. Soon after, she sent him a list of 25 matches. And she hardly let the matter rest there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had my mom’s sister call me and say, ‘This is the right time to talk.’ Then I had my grandma call me and say, ‘This is the right time to talk.’ Then my dad, then everybody, decided to take turns calling me, and say, ‘This is the right time to talk,’ ” says Prashanth. It was obvious he had to talk to somebody, soon. He had to name at least one candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth chose Gomathi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Semi-Arranged Marriage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though their parents wrote the profiles, picked the candidates and met each other before giving the go-ahead to Gomathi and Prashanth, they call the process that led to their wedding \u003cem>semi-arranged. \u003c/em>That’s because they did get to pick who to talk to, and they got to talk for nine months before settling on each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth explains, “I got introduced to the person I was getting married to through family relations and connections, and they established the connection through a digital website. But then we talked, and we really understood each other, and we got married. I had my freedom, and she had her freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, even with the freedom to choose over time, they still felt pressure to come to a decision eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”SkD29tNEiyVCEFchT7DTtN443eU0BTSA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had Gomathi and Prashanth not liked each other, they would have worked through match No. 2, No. 3 — and so on — until they agreed to somebody their parents found suitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomathi says the two sets of parents got along really well. “Based on their hard work, they were able to come up in life,” she says. “That was something, that both of them have mutual respect for each other. That was something that I also wanted in the person that I was going to marry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came the first phone call. “I remember Gomathi being the one who asked a lot more questions than me asking her,” says Prashanth, laughing. “She was like, ‘Who’s your favorite actress? Who’s your favorite actor? What movies do you like?’ I found her to be very full of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple began phoning, texting and talking on FaceTime regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few months, Prashanth and Gomathi decided to meet in Canada. The gravity of it all hit Prashanth as he went through the airport in Edmonton. When the visa officer asked him the purpose of his visit, he said he was going to see “a friend.” A friend he had never met, perhaps his future wife. Prashanth had seen Gomathi only virtually, and he scanned the airport for her. “She seemed small. And I was like, “I’ve seen her before.’ Then I realized: That’s Gomathi!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689853 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Gomathi and Prashanth at home in Fremont, California\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gomathi and Prashanth at home in Fremont, California \u003ccite>(Polly Stryker/KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gomathi remembers, “It felt really odd, because you have spoken to this person over the phone, but you haven’t met the other person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They spent a long weekend getting to know each other: going out to eat, taking walks, watching the movie “Brave.” When Gomathi cried during the film, Prashanth felt touched by her empathy with the characters. But by the time he left Canada, Gomathi had not made a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt kind of sad,” Prashanth says. “I thought, initially, I wasn’t emotionally invested, but I learned that I’d been \u003cem>heavily\u003c/em> emotionally invested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand the person really well before getting married,” Gomathi says, “because it’s a one-time thing, and you just don’t want to screw it up. You just don’t want to make a decision until you know, ‘Yes, this is it!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth’s mother urged him to talk to other matches from Bharat Matrimony. He told her he wasn’t interested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple talked for several more months. Gomathi says her love for Prashanth “deepened more when I realized who Prashanth was and what sort of a guy he was. When I was able to trust him, I really fell for him. I know in my heart that he has high moral standards. That was the point that I came to when I decided, ‘Yes, I should get engaged to Prashanth.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t hurt that Prashanth plays a mean game of badminton, Gomathi’s favorite sport. The wedding was on. Their families organized a lavish three-day event that took place in Chennai on June 28, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fremont, Capital of Indian California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gomathi and Prashanth live in Fremont, home to a large and growing population of immigrants from India, filled with bustling Indian restaurants and stores. \u003ca href=\"http://politicalscience.ucr.edu/people/faculty/ramakrishnan/\">\u003cu>Karthick Ramakrishnan\u003c/u>\u003c/a> (no relation to Gomathi), professor of Public Policy at UC Riverside, says that Indian immigration more than doubled in Silicon Valley between 2000-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689913 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-800x667.jpg\" alt='Indian population size and growth in Alameda and Santa Clara counties from 2000-2014, according to the U.S. Census, as distinct from the \"Other Asian\" category.' width=\"800\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-800x667.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-400x333.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-1440x1200.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-1180x983.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-960x800.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian population size and growth in Alameda and Santa Clara counties from 2000-2014, according to the U.S. Census, as distinct from the “Other Asian” category. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Professor Karthick Ramakrishnan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That shift is reflected in the number of Californians on Indian matrimonial websites. Shaadi’s chief marketing officer, \u003ca href=\"http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/the-people-report/aditya-save-is-shaadi-coms-new-cmo-anupam-mittal-steps-down-as-ceo/48013510\">\u003cu>\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ff\">Aditya Save\u003c/span>\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, says approximately 200,000 accounts are registered to people living in the state. He adds that the platform is used mostly by South Asians — and not just first-generation immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our platform is used by people of Indian origin, born in the U.S., the UK and Australia. A larger percentage of that 200,000 (in California) would be people who are American citizens, born in America, but of Indian descent,” he says. For those spouse seekers, Save says it’s more likely they’ll set up their own profiles, as opposed to letting their parents do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gomathi Ramakrishnan co-manages a neuroscience lab at UC San Francisco. Prashanth still works at PricewaterhouseCoopers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their lives as newlyweds are filled with pleasures they enjoy together: playing badminton, watching TV shows like “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones\">\u003cu>Game of Thrones\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones\">”\u003c/a> and eating ice cream at \u003ca href=\"mailto:https://www.coldstonecreamery.com\">\u003cu>Cold Stone Creamery\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Gomathi isn’t shy when she explains how she and Prashanth found compatibility first, allowing love to follow after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Love doesn’t happen one sudden day,” she says. “It takes a really long time. I feel like we are still falling in love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;font-family: Calibri\">\u003cem>This podcast features music by Karthick Iyer (“Brovabarama” and “Manavyalakim”).\u003c/em> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In India, middle-class couples used to find each other and marry through family connections, a marriage broker or by way of a newspaper ad. Today, they — and their counterparts around the world — are just as likely to use any one of an explosion of matrimonial websites, some with apps for your smartphone. Two of the largest sites are \u003ca href=\"http://www.shaadi.com/\">\u003cu>Shaadi.com\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bharatmatrimony.com/\">\u003cu>Bharatmatrimony.com\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1-400x710.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shot from the iPhone app.\" width=\"200\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16723_BharatMatrimony.com_.PNG-qut1.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot from the iPhone app. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of BharatMatrimony)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A growing number of the profiles on these sites are written by the hopeful wedding seekers themselves, but those with a more traditional mindset will allow their parents to write them. That was the case for Gomathi Ramakrishnan and her husband, Prashanth Vishnumangalam Narayanan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gomathi: She’s intelligent…pursing her Master’s in Canada…she’s homely and traditional…plays Badminton…she’s cute. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prashanth: He’s an Iyer Brahmin…he doesn’t eat meat…he doesn’t drink. He’s a good boy. He’s done his bachelor’s, he’s done his master’s, and he’s based out of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gomathi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, Gomathi was 22 years old and working to complete a master’s degree in neuroscience at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. One day her father called from her hometown of Chennai in southern India. “We’re going to put up a profile for you on Bharatmatrimony.com,” he said matter-of-factly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss an episode of ‘Love in the Digital Age’\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Gomathi delights in sharing what happened next. “He started entering \u003cem>his\u003c/em> profile information. He typed his name, he typed his age, and he typed all stuff about him.” In retrospect, she figures he probably thought he was registering, as opposed to creating a profile. But the error became apparent when the first bite of interest came from an older woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was like, ‘Why is someone who is 50 years old giving information for my daughter?’ ” Gomathi giggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tech-savvy cousin soon came to the rescue — and now Gomathi was on the hot seat. “Within two weeks, he [her father] came back with a list of 15 guys. I was really overwhelmed!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She demurred, but her dad insisted, and then begged her to at least call his favorite: Prashanth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prashanth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth Vishnumangalam Narayanan was 27, a Fremont resident and established consultant on supply chain management for PricewaterhouseCoopers in San Jose, when he started getting curious calls from his mother in Chennai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10694743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 361px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10694743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GomathiPrashanthVERT.jpg\" alt=\"Gomathi and Prashanth\" width=\"361\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gomathi and Prashanth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She told him women were expressing interest in getting to know him better, which made no sense, until she admitted she’d posted a profile of him online. Soon after, she sent him a list of 25 matches. And she hardly let the matter rest there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had my mom’s sister call me and say, ‘This is the right time to talk.’ Then I had my grandma call me and say, ‘This is the right time to talk.’ Then my dad, then everybody, decided to take turns calling me, and say, ‘This is the right time to talk,’ ” says Prashanth. It was obvious he had to talk to somebody, soon. He had to name at least one candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth chose Gomathi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Semi-Arranged Marriage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though their parents wrote the profiles, picked the candidates and met each other before giving the go-ahead to Gomathi and Prashanth, they call the process that led to their wedding \u003cem>semi-arranged. \u003c/em>That’s because they did get to pick who to talk to, and they got to talk for nine months before settling on each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth explains, “I got introduced to the person I was getting married to through family relations and connections, and they established the connection through a digital website. But then we talked, and we really understood each other, and we got married. I had my freedom, and she had her freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, even with the freedom to choose over time, they still felt pressure to come to a decision eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had Gomathi and Prashanth not liked each other, they would have worked through match No. 2, No. 3 — and so on — until they agreed to somebody their parents found suitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomathi says the two sets of parents got along really well. “Based on their hard work, they were able to come up in life,” she says. “That was something, that both of them have mutual respect for each other. That was something that I also wanted in the person that I was going to marry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came the first phone call. “I remember Gomathi being the one who asked a lot more questions than me asking her,” says Prashanth, laughing. “She was like, ‘Who’s your favorite actress? Who’s your favorite actor? What movies do you like?’ I found her to be very full of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple began phoning, texting and talking on FaceTime regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few months, Prashanth and Gomathi decided to meet in Canada. The gravity of it all hit Prashanth as he went through the airport in Edmonton. When the visa officer asked him the purpose of his visit, he said he was going to see “a friend.” A friend he had never met, perhaps his future wife. Prashanth had seen Gomathi only virtually, and he scanned the airport for her. “She seemed small. And I was like, “I’ve seen her before.’ Then I realized: That’s Gomathi!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689853 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Gomathi and Prashanth at home in Fremont, California\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Gomathi-Prashanth-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gomathi and Prashanth at home in Fremont, California \u003ccite>(Polly Stryker/KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gomathi remembers, “It felt really odd, because you have spoken to this person over the phone, but you haven’t met the other person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They spent a long weekend getting to know each other: going out to eat, taking walks, watching the movie “Brave.” When Gomathi cried during the film, Prashanth felt touched by her empathy with the characters. But by the time he left Canada, Gomathi had not made a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt kind of sad,” Prashanth says. “I thought, initially, I wasn’t emotionally invested, but I learned that I’d been \u003cem>heavily\u003c/em> emotionally invested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand the person really well before getting married,” Gomathi says, “because it’s a one-time thing, and you just don’t want to screw it up. You just don’t want to make a decision until you know, ‘Yes, this is it!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prashanth’s mother urged him to talk to other matches from Bharat Matrimony. He told her he wasn’t interested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple talked for several more months. Gomathi says her love for Prashanth “deepened more when I realized who Prashanth was and what sort of a guy he was. When I was able to trust him, I really fell for him. I know in my heart that he has high moral standards. That was the point that I came to when I decided, ‘Yes, I should get engaged to Prashanth.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t hurt that Prashanth plays a mean game of badminton, Gomathi’s favorite sport. The wedding was on. Their families organized a lavish three-day event that took place in Chennai on June 28, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fremont, Capital of Indian California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gomathi and Prashanth live in Fremont, home to a large and growing population of immigrants from India, filled with bustling Indian restaurants and stores. \u003ca href=\"http://politicalscience.ucr.edu/people/faculty/ramakrishnan/\">\u003cu>Karthick Ramakrishnan\u003c/u>\u003c/a> (no relation to Gomathi), professor of Public Policy at UC Riverside, says that Indian immigration more than doubled in Silicon Valley between 2000-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10689913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10689913 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-800x667.jpg\" alt='Indian population size and growth in Alameda and Santa Clara counties from 2000-2014, according to the U.S. Census, as distinct from the \"Other Asian\" category.' width=\"800\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-800x667.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-400x333.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-1440x1200.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-1180x983.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16712_aapidata-kqed-infog-southbay-qut-960x800.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian population size and growth in Alameda and Santa Clara counties from 2000-2014, according to the U.S. Census, as distinct from the “Other Asian” category. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Professor Karthick Ramakrishnan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That shift is reflected in the number of Californians on Indian matrimonial websites. Shaadi’s chief marketing officer, \u003ca href=\"http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/the-people-report/aditya-save-is-shaadi-coms-new-cmo-anupam-mittal-steps-down-as-ceo/48013510\">\u003cu>\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ff\">Aditya Save\u003c/span>\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, says approximately 200,000 accounts are registered to people living in the state. He adds that the platform is used mostly by South Asians — and not just first-generation immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our platform is used by people of Indian origin, born in the U.S., the UK and Australia. A larger percentage of that 200,000 (in California) would be people who are American citizens, born in America, but of Indian descent,” he says. For those spouse seekers, Save says it’s more likely they’ll set up their own profiles, as opposed to letting their parents do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gomathi Ramakrishnan co-manages a neuroscience lab at UC San Francisco. Prashanth still works at PricewaterhouseCoopers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their lives as newlyweds are filled with pleasures they enjoy together: playing badminton, watching TV shows like “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones\">\u003cu>Game of Thrones\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones\">”\u003c/a> and eating ice cream at \u003ca href=\"mailto:https://www.coldstonecreamery.com\">\u003cu>Cold Stone Creamery\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Gomathi isn’t shy when she explains how she and Prashanth found compatibility first, allowing love to follow after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Love doesn’t happen one sudden day,” she says. “It takes a really long time. I feel like we are still falling in love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Deepak Aatresh was a teenager in\u003ca href=\"https://www.techinasia.com/uber-carpool-opens-pandoras-box/\"> Bangalore, India\u003c/a>, he watched his father — a research engineer — help build an electric car. That was long before Elon Musk and Tesla came along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 1983. Aatresh remembers accompanying his dad on test drives, with news reporters trailing along asking how it worked. The battery-operated car dazzled Aatresh, but it also opened his eyes to how limited India was at the time. His father’s electric car never got past the testing stage because, Aatresh said, no one would fund the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225369408″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is something crucial about this: There was no confidence in the system in India that someone there could build something that’s useful,” said Aatresh, who is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aditazz.com/home\">founder of Aditazz,\u003c/a> an architectural software startup in Brisbane. “My father constantly lamented that India makes these things, and eventually they just import them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing such disappointment weigh on his father struck a nerve with Aatresh because he wanted to follow in his footsteps as an electrical engineer. So, four years later, Aatresh left India for the United States to launch his career on his own terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from Arizona State University. In 1989, Intel recruited him to Santa Clara and into the world of cutting-edge technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afflicted with Silicon Valley fever within about 24 hours,” said Aatresh. “Everyone rallied around technology with such enthusiasm and an attitude of wanting to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was during a time when waves of graduates from India’s top engineering schools were flocking to Silicon Valley, feeling that the social and political climate in their country stifled innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10695037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10695037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Silicon Valley this weekend.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1440x987.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1920x1316.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Silicon Valley this weekend. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2015: Aatresh is watching a technology sea change in India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has launched initiatives called “Digital India” to increase electronics manufacturing, expand Internet access and use apps to improve government services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley-India connection — and venture capital investments — are critical if Modi’s initiative is to succeed, especially since several of the CEOs of major tech companies are from India and 16 percent of Silicon Valley startups are run by Indian-Americans, said Venkatesan Ashok, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgisf.org/\">consul general of India in San Francisco.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley has a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship,” said Ashok. “And I hope it is a culture that we in India can also imbibe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-california-india-tech-modi-20150913-story.html\">Modi will come to Silicon Valley this weekend \u003c/a>— the first time in 33 years a prime minister of India has visited California. Silicon Valley’s Indian immigrants have played a key role in the U.S. tech economy for decades. Now Modi believes they’re key to building up manufacturing in places like Bangalore, an Indian tech hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is high time that the Indian prime minister did visit and meet this exceedingly successful community, which increasingly is wanting to reconnect back with the motherland,” said Ashok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aatresh is an example of what Ashok is talking about. His 5-year-old company, Aditazz, has been doing projects in various parts of the world, including China and Singapore. Just two months ago, Aatresh opened an office in India and he’s working on winning his first contract there — to design a state-of-the-art, energy-efficient hospital in the southern part of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10695034\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10695034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Aditazz startup founder Deepak Aatresh (standing) opened an office in India two months ago.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1440x986.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1920x1315.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aditazz startup founder Deepak Aatresh (standing) opened an office in India two months ago. \u003ccite>(Beth Willon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He believes Indian expatriates are uniquely positioned to do business in their native country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to navigate through the opportunities because we know the people, we know the lay of the land, we know the language, if we need to speak it,” said Aatresh. “In the end, it’s home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because he grew up there, Aatresh knows doing business in India won’t be easy — with its difficult infrastructure, transportation, tax codes and court system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel it’s a bureaucratic mess,” said Aatresh. “If we ever get into any trouble, we’re going to have a lot of challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivek Wadhwa, a fellow at Stanford Law School who has studied Indian-American entrepreneurs who have returned to their native country, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“India is a very difficult place to work because of corruption, bureaucracy, pollution, noise, you name it,” said Wadhwa. “But somehow Indian entrepreneurs have been able to rise above it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashok, the consul general, said innovative thinking is still not encouraged in many parts of India, as it is in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful entrepreneurs have learned from failure,” said Ashok. “In many ways that’s the opposite of what we see in India, because there we have a rather traditional mindset where we’re told, ‘Don’t think outside the box, don’t get out of the system, don’t do something disruptive.’ Here disruptive technology is the keyword.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While startup failures may be accepted in Silicon Valley, that’s still not an option for entrepreneurs in India, Ashok said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ZZApQAIhfL24dapeiEYuZiKK77d5Rhm4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You fail in India, you’re seen as a failure and people say, ‘This guy is useless,’ ” said Ashok. “In Silicon Valley, on the other hand, they encourage you to pick yourself up and do better, learn from your mistakes, and rise on to your success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi is hoping to tap into that mindset this weekend — and court potential investors — when he’s due to visit Facebook in Menlo Park, Mountain View-based Google and Tesla in Fremont. He will also have dinners and lunches with Indian-American startup founders and \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-always-depended-government-money-up-front-about-it-2015-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">community leaders\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-wants-to-woo-silicon-valley-but-censorship-and-privacy-fears-grow-at-home/2015/09/23/2ab28f86-6174-11e5-8475-781cc9851652_story.html\">Modi’s trip to Silicon Valley will not be without controversy. \u003c/a>A variety of groups want to use the prime minister’s visit to highlight concerns about his politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 professors signed an open letter protesting India’s recent crackdown on groups like Greenpeace. Others want Modi held accountable for his alleged complicity in anti-Muslim riots more than a decade ago. Protests are expected online and in person as he makes the rounds of the major tech campuses and speaks before 19,000 people at the SAP Center in San Jose on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aatresh will be at the SAP Center event and he may even get to meet Modi. He’s glad to hear the prime minister will tour Tesla, see all the battery-operated cars and meet CEO Elon Musk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s bittersweet. Could Aatresh’s father have given Musk a run for his money, had he been given the chance to develop his battery-operated car in India decades ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If he’d gotten the kind of tax breaks that Elon Musk got and the kind of support\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-always-depended-government-money-up-front-about-it-2015-6\"> from [the Department of Energy],\u003c/a> it would have been a great product by now,” said Aatresh. “I’m certain of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>California has the seventh-largest economy in the world, and immigrants have a long history in building that prosperity. Today one out of every three working people in California is an immigrant — a share that has grown in recent decades. Our state is shaped by these workers and entrepreneurs — 6 million people who’ve found a job in the Golden State. In our series “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-immigrants-at-work\">Immigrant Shift\u003c/a>,” KQED and The California Report explore the impact they have, the challenges they face and the policies that affect them.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Deepak Aatresh was a teenager in\u003ca href=\"https://www.techinasia.com/uber-carpool-opens-pandoras-box/\"> Bangalore, India\u003c/a>, he watched his father — a research engineer — help build an electric car. That was long before Elon Musk and Tesla came along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 1983. Aatresh remembers accompanying his dad on test drives, with news reporters trailing along asking how it worked. The battery-operated car dazzled Aatresh, but it also opened his eyes to how limited India was at the time. His father’s electric car never got past the testing stage because, Aatresh said, no one would fund the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225369408″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225369408″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is something crucial about this: There was no confidence in the system in India that someone there could build something that’s useful,” said Aatresh, who is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aditazz.com/home\">founder of Aditazz,\u003c/a> an architectural software startup in Brisbane. “My father constantly lamented that India makes these things, and eventually they just import them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing such disappointment weigh on his father struck a nerve with Aatresh because he wanted to follow in his footsteps as an electrical engineer. So, four years later, Aatresh left India for the United States to launch his career on his own terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from Arizona State University. In 1989, Intel recruited him to Santa Clara and into the world of cutting-edge technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afflicted with Silicon Valley fever within about 24 hours,” said Aatresh. “Everyone rallied around technology with such enthusiasm and an attitude of wanting to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was during a time when waves of graduates from India’s top engineering schools were flocking to Silicon Valley, feeling that the social and political climate in their country stifled innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10695037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10695037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Silicon Valley this weekend.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1440x987.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1920x1316.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Modi-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Silicon Valley this weekend. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2015: Aatresh is watching a technology sea change in India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has launched initiatives called “Digital India” to increase electronics manufacturing, expand Internet access and use apps to improve government services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley-India connection — and venture capital investments — are critical if Modi’s initiative is to succeed, especially since several of the CEOs of major tech companies are from India and 16 percent of Silicon Valley startups are run by Indian-Americans, said Venkatesan Ashok, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgisf.org/\">consul general of India in San Francisco.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley has a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship,” said Ashok. “And I hope it is a culture that we in India can also imbibe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-california-india-tech-modi-20150913-story.html\">Modi will come to Silicon Valley this weekend \u003c/a>— the first time in 33 years a prime minister of India has visited California. Silicon Valley’s Indian immigrants have played a key role in the U.S. tech economy for decades. Now Modi believes they’re key to building up manufacturing in places like Bangalore, an Indian tech hub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is high time that the Indian prime minister did visit and meet this exceedingly successful community, which increasingly is wanting to reconnect back with the motherland,” said Ashok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aatresh is an example of what Ashok is talking about. His 5-year-old company, Aditazz, has been doing projects in various parts of the world, including China and Singapore. Just two months ago, Aatresh opened an office in India and he’s working on winning his first contract there — to design a state-of-the-art, energy-efficient hospital in the southern part of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10695034\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10695034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Aditazz startup founder Deepak Aatresh (standing) opened an office in India two months ago.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1440x986.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1920x1315.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Aditazz-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aditazz startup founder Deepak Aatresh (standing) opened an office in India two months ago. \u003ccite>(Beth Willon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He believes Indian expatriates are uniquely positioned to do business in their native country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know how to navigate through the opportunities because we know the people, we know the lay of the land, we know the language, if we need to speak it,” said Aatresh. “In the end, it’s home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because he grew up there, Aatresh knows doing business in India won’t be easy — with its difficult infrastructure, transportation, tax codes and court system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel it’s a bureaucratic mess,” said Aatresh. “If we ever get into any trouble, we’re going to have a lot of challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivek Wadhwa, a fellow at Stanford Law School who has studied Indian-American entrepreneurs who have returned to their native country, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“India is a very difficult place to work because of corruption, bureaucracy, pollution, noise, you name it,” said Wadhwa. “But somehow Indian entrepreneurs have been able to rise above it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashok, the consul general, said innovative thinking is still not encouraged in many parts of India, as it is in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful entrepreneurs have learned from failure,” said Ashok. “In many ways that’s the opposite of what we see in India, because there we have a rather traditional mindset where we’re told, ‘Don’t think outside the box, don’t get out of the system, don’t do something disruptive.’ Here disruptive technology is the keyword.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While startup failures may be accepted in Silicon Valley, that’s still not an option for entrepreneurs in India, Ashok said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You fail in India, you’re seen as a failure and people say, ‘This guy is useless,’ ” said Ashok. “In Silicon Valley, on the other hand, they encourage you to pick yourself up and do better, learn from your mistakes, and rise on to your success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi is hoping to tap into that mindset this weekend — and court potential investors — when he’s due to visit Facebook in Menlo Park, Mountain View-based Google and Tesla in Fremont. He will also have dinners and lunches with Indian-American startup founders and \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-always-depended-government-money-up-front-about-it-2015-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">community leaders\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-wants-to-woo-silicon-valley-but-censorship-and-privacy-fears-grow-at-home/2015/09/23/2ab28f86-6174-11e5-8475-781cc9851652_story.html\">Modi’s trip to Silicon Valley will not be without controversy. \u003c/a>A variety of groups want to use the prime minister’s visit to highlight concerns about his politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 professors signed an open letter protesting India’s recent crackdown on groups like Greenpeace. Others want Modi held accountable for his alleged complicity in anti-Muslim riots more than a decade ago. Protests are expected online and in person as he makes the rounds of the major tech campuses and speaks before 19,000 people at the SAP Center in San Jose on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aatresh will be at the SAP Center event and he may even get to meet Modi. He’s glad to hear the prime minister will tour Tesla, see all the battery-operated cars and meet CEO Elon Musk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s bittersweet. Could Aatresh’s father have given Musk a run for his money, had he been given the chance to develop his battery-operated car in India decades ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If he’d gotten the kind of tax breaks that Elon Musk got and the kind of support\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-always-depended-government-money-up-front-about-it-2015-6\"> from [the Department of Energy],\u003c/a> it would have been a great product by now,” said Aatresh. “I’m certain of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>California has the seventh-largest economy in the world, and immigrants have a long history in building that prosperity. Today one out of every three working people in California is an immigrant — a share that has grown in recent decades. Our state is shaped by these workers and entrepreneurs — 6 million people who’ve found a job in the Golden State. In our series “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-immigrants-at-work\">Immigrant Shift\u003c/a>,” KQED and The California Report explore the impact they have, the challenges they face and the policies that affect them.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Archive Preserves People’s Memories of South Asia’s Partition",
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"content": "\u003cp>This weekend, Indians and Pakistanis around the world celebrate their country’s respective independence days. It’s been 68 years since the subcontinent was hastily divided along religious lines into \u003ca href=\"http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6924732.stm\" target=\"_blank\">two countries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People on both sides of the border share traumatic memories of partition. Now a new archive, located in Berkeley, is collecting the stories of people who lived through the partition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/219660768\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5dyEjkzs_U\" target=\"_blank\">Ravi Chopra\u003c/a> shared his story as part of the archive. He says those kind of memories never fade away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have played with them, you have lived with them, you have eaten together! And the same people [are] coming and burning your houses and killing you and looting everything,” Chopra says about the riots he witnessed in 1947.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guneeta Singh Bhalla, founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.1947partitionarchive.org/\" target=\"_blank\">1947 Partition Archive\u003c/a>, says she grew up listening to her grandparents’ frightening tales of partition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother had told me harrowing stories of the train rides that they took to come to India,” Bhalla says. “Also at one point how [she said] she was in a jeep with her brother and they literally were having to drive over dead bodies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10637014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 924px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10637014\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Millions of people were displaced from their ancestral homes as partition divided South Asia along religious lines. Many refugees took the harrowing journey via train.\" width=\"924\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg 924w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut-800x597.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Millions of people were displaced from their ancestral homes as partition divided South Asia along religious lines. Many refugees took the harrowing journey via train. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 15 million people were displaced during the partition, the largest mass migration of the 20th century. But at the time, western media praised it as a triumph of democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says she never even learned about partition in her high school history class. Years later, she took a trip to Hiroshima that inspired her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the oral testimony archives there,” she explains. “For me it was sort of that moment, it clicked. It was like OH. Wow. \u003ci>This\u003c/i> is what we need to do. My grandmother needs to tell her own story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she created the 1947 Partition Archive, in a small office in downtown Berkeley. In the last 4 years they’ve collected about 2,000 video and audio testimonies.They plan to publish them in a few years. Some people are telling their story for the first time, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lcx6O2Fltrc\" target=\"_blank\">Ali Shan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 6 years old in 1947. His life changed when a mob attacked his ancestral town, near the newly created India/Pakistan border. In his video testimony as he struggles to tell his story, its evident that the memories still haunt him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was standing there not knowing what's happening. He, the gunman, was only about 10 feet away,” Shan says, with a shake in his voice. “You know, he shot at me few times. Every time he missed. So I start running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that attack, Shan saw his mother and brother murdered and he was orphaned. It was months before he was reunited with some distant relatives. They already crossed the border into Pakistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10637015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 923px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10637015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg\" alt=\"British officials visit a scene from the Punjab riots. The province of Punjab was split in two during partition and in the aftermath had some of the most violent riots.\" width=\"923\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg 923w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut-400x340.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut-800x680.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 923px) 100vw, 923px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">British officials visit a scene from the Punjab riots. The province of Punjab was split in two during partition and in the aftermath had some of the most violent riots. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you don’t have a mother, father, and your own home and family, all the relatives are there to help you, but its not the same, it never was,” Shan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The archive has dispatched volunteers, called citizen historians, to record these stories. Most stories come from people in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. But many come from South Asians living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An event at Santa Clara University spread the word about the archive among the South Asian community here. As witnesses told their stories, a packed audience hung on their every word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says hearing these first hand accounts inspires others to share their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because partition has been at the crux of so much politics in South Asia and even war that a lot of that memory has been sort of shoved under the carpet,” she says. “Maybe not on purpose, maybe that's just been the circumstance. But yeah, the people haven't had an opportunity to share their stories and that's the gap that we're trying to fill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says she regrets that she never got the chance to record her grandmother’s story. And time is running out for other survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who experienced partition as teenagers are in their 80s today. And those who were young adults are in their 90s and over 100,” Bhalla says. “So there's a really huge urgency in getting these stories recorded as fast as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The archive wants 8,000 more stories recorded by 2017, the 70th anniversary of partition, while witnesses are still alive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This weekend, Indians and Pakistanis around the world celebrate their country’s respective independence days. It’s been 68 years since the subcontinent was hastily divided along religious lines into \u003ca href=\"http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6924732.stm\" target=\"_blank\">two countries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People on both sides of the border share traumatic memories of partition. Now a new archive, located in Berkeley, is collecting the stories of people who lived through the partition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/219660768&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/219660768'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5dyEjkzs_U\" target=\"_blank\">Ravi Chopra\u003c/a> shared his story as part of the archive. He says those kind of memories never fade away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have played with them, you have lived with them, you have eaten together! And the same people [are] coming and burning your houses and killing you and looting everything,” Chopra says about the riots he witnessed in 1947.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guneeta Singh Bhalla, founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.1947partitionarchive.org/\" target=\"_blank\">1947 Partition Archive\u003c/a>, says she grew up listening to her grandparents’ frightening tales of partition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother had told me harrowing stories of the train rides that they took to come to India,” Bhalla says. “Also at one point how [she said] she was in a jeep with her brother and they literally were having to drive over dead bodies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10637014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 924px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10637014\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Millions of people were displaced from their ancestral homes as partition divided South Asia along religious lines. Many refugees took the harrowing journey via train.\" width=\"924\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut.jpg 924w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16297_Refugees_en_route_to_Pakistan-qut-800x597.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Millions of people were displaced from their ancestral homes as partition divided South Asia along religious lines. Many refugees took the harrowing journey via train. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 15 million people were displaced during the partition, the largest mass migration of the 20th century. But at the time, western media praised it as a triumph of democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says she never even learned about partition in her high school history class. Years later, she took a trip to Hiroshima that inspired her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the oral testimony archives there,” she explains. “For me it was sort of that moment, it clicked. It was like OH. Wow. \u003ci>This\u003c/i> is what we need to do. My grandmother needs to tell her own story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she created the 1947 Partition Archive, in a small office in downtown Berkeley. In the last 4 years they’ve collected about 2,000 video and audio testimonies.They plan to publish them in a few years. Some people are telling their story for the first time, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lcx6O2Fltrc\" target=\"_blank\">Ali Shan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 6 years old in 1947. His life changed when a mob attacked his ancestral town, near the newly created India/Pakistan border. In his video testimony as he struggles to tell his story, its evident that the memories still haunt him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was standing there not knowing what's happening. He, the gunman, was only about 10 feet away,” Shan says, with a shake in his voice. “You know, he shot at me few times. Every time he missed. So I start running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that attack, Shan saw his mother and brother murdered and he was orphaned. It was months before he was reunited with some distant relatives. They already crossed the border into Pakistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10637015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 923px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10637015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg\" alt=\"British officials visit a scene from the Punjab riots. The province of Punjab was split in two during partition and in the aftermath had some of the most violent riots.\" width=\"923\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut.jpg 923w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut-400x340.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/RS16298_Lord_Mountbatten_visits_Punjabi_riot_scenes-qut-800x680.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 923px) 100vw, 923px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">British officials visit a scene from the Punjab riots. The province of Punjab was split in two during partition and in the aftermath had some of the most violent riots. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you don’t have a mother, father, and your own home and family, all the relatives are there to help you, but its not the same, it never was,” Shan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The archive has dispatched volunteers, called citizen historians, to record these stories. Most stories come from people in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. But many come from South Asians living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An event at Santa Clara University spread the word about the archive among the South Asian community here. As witnesses told their stories, a packed audience hung on their every word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says hearing these first hand accounts inspires others to share their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because partition has been at the crux of so much politics in South Asia and even war that a lot of that memory has been sort of shoved under the carpet,” she says. “Maybe not on purpose, maybe that's just been the circumstance. But yeah, the people haven't had an opportunity to share their stories and that's the gap that we're trying to fill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhalla says she regrets that she never got the chance to record her grandmother’s story. And time is running out for other survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who experienced partition as teenagers are in their 80s today. And those who were young adults are in their 90s and over 100,” Bhalla says. “So there's a really huge urgency in getting these stories recorded as fast as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The archive wants 8,000 more stories recorded by 2017, the 70th anniversary of partition, while witnesses are still alive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
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