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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:30 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/half-moon-bay\">Half Moon Bay\u003c/a> officials cleared the way for an embattled affordable housing project for farmworkers to move forward, a year after a mass shooting at a mushroom farm in the city put a spotlight on the wretched living conditions of many of the area’s agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the City Council unanimously approved the 40-unit development that will house about 100 very low-income senior farmworkers, rejecting appeals that sought to block the project after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986281/half-moon-bay-farmworker-housing-gains-approval-after-push-by-newsom\">city planning commissioners initially approved it in May\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really were holding our breath going into this meeting,” said Belinda Hernández-Arriaga, executive director of the community organization Ayudando Latinos A Soñar (ALAS), which worked with the nonprofit developer Mercy Housing to design the project. “We’re just so grateful, and we’re extremely happy today because this changes the lives of our senior farm workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan’s initial approval last month came after extensive public wrangling led Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985585/newsom-threatens-half-moon-bay-with-legal-action-over-delays-in-approving-farmworker-housing\">to intercede on behalf of the project\u003c/a>, calling the delay “egregious” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/09/governor-newsom-calls-on-half-moon-bay-to-approve-housing-for-farmworkers-following-mass-shooting/\">threatening to sic\u003c/a> the state’s Housing Accountability Unit on the city if leaders didn’t go ahead with development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, within days of the planning commissioners’ vote, opponents \u003ca href=\"https://www.half-moon-bay.ca.us/845/555-Kelly-Avenue---Affordable-Housing\">filed three appeals\u003c/a>, challenging the approval process and arguing that the project violated local policies and state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council heard arguments from supporters and detractors on Wednesday before deciding. Objectors said the \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/2615131/11._Public_Comments_05.09.2024_thru_05.10.2024.pdf\">development threatens the city’s small-town appeal\u003c/a>, citing traffic congestion and raising concerns it would strain the area’s already-limited parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five-story apartment building is one of two low-income developments for farmworkers the city has pursued since the shooting. The other \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982817/half-moon-bay-prepares-to-break-ground-on-farmworker-housing\">consists of 47 manufactured homes\u003c/a> for very low-income families, including those displaced from the mushroom farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drawn-out approval process for the senior housing has pushed back the completion timeline significantly, said Kelly Hollywood, an associate director of real estate development at Mercy Housing. Without the final OK, developers couldn’t apply for crucial sources of funding, some of which only become available a couple of times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these approvals, we can work towards those other local and state sources,” Hollywood said. She expects to be able to apply for vital tax credits from the state in mid-2025. “We’re thankful that the determination of the community and the spirit allowed us to continue to move forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction is set to start in mid-2026 and wrap up in late 2027 at the earliest. The building is expected to cost $43 million and will include a farmworker resource center run by ALAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the farmworker population is difficult to count, \u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalleycf.org/assets/files/publications/housing-smcs-farmworkers-final-june-2024.pdf\">a report\u003c/a> commissioned after last year’s shooting estimated that 1,300 to 1,600 farmworkers live in San Mateo County. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/media/31031/download?inline=\">A 2016 assessment \u003c/a>estimated San Mateo County needs over 1,000 affordable housing units for farmworkers, finding that “a key reason for the county’s shrinking farm labor pool is the lack of available housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this project only meets a fraction of the need, Hernández-Arriaga said she hopes it will serve as a model of “what housing should look like for senior farmworkers across California and if not across the country,” noting that farmworkers, particularly seniors, are often relegated to city outskirts. “Taking them out of the shadows, bringing them into the main streets of our downtowns, [in] housing that is vibrant, that allows them to not be isolated, not be hidden, to be in and with the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan’s initial approval last month came after extensive public wrangling led Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985585/newsom-threatens-half-moon-bay-with-legal-action-over-delays-in-approving-farmworker-housing\">to intercede on behalf of the project\u003c/a>, calling the delay “egregious” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/09/governor-newsom-calls-on-half-moon-bay-to-approve-housing-for-farmworkers-following-mass-shooting/\">threatening to sic\u003c/a> the state’s Housing Accountability Unit on the city if leaders didn’t go ahead with development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, within days of the planning commissioners’ vote, opponents \u003ca href=\"https://www.half-moon-bay.ca.us/845/555-Kelly-Avenue---Affordable-Housing\">filed three appeals\u003c/a>, challenging the approval process and arguing that the project violated local policies and state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council heard arguments from supporters and detractors on Wednesday before deciding. Objectors said the \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/2615131/11._Public_Comments_05.09.2024_thru_05.10.2024.pdf\">development threatens the city’s small-town appeal\u003c/a>, citing traffic congestion and raising concerns it would strain the area’s already-limited parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five-story apartment building is one of two low-income developments for farmworkers the city has pursued since the shooting. The other \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982817/half-moon-bay-prepares-to-break-ground-on-farmworker-housing\">consists of 47 manufactured homes\u003c/a> for very low-income families, including those displaced from the mushroom farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drawn-out approval process for the senior housing has pushed back the completion timeline significantly, said Kelly Hollywood, an associate director of real estate development at Mercy Housing. Without the final OK, developers couldn’t apply for crucial sources of funding, some of which only become available a couple of times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these approvals, we can work towards those other local and state sources,” Hollywood said. She expects to be able to apply for vital tax credits from the state in mid-2025. “We’re thankful that the determination of the community and the spirit allowed us to continue to move forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction is set to start in mid-2026 and wrap up in late 2027 at the earliest. The building is expected to cost $43 million and will include a farmworker resource center run by ALAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the farmworker population is difficult to count, \u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalleycf.org/assets/files/publications/housing-smcs-farmworkers-final-june-2024.pdf\">a report\u003c/a> commissioned after last year’s shooting estimated that 1,300 to 1,600 farmworkers live in San Mateo County. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/media/31031/download?inline=\">A 2016 assessment \u003c/a>estimated San Mateo County needs over 1,000 affordable housing units for farmworkers, finding that “a key reason for the county’s shrinking farm labor pool is the lack of available housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this project only meets a fraction of the need, Hernández-Arriaga said she hopes it will serve as a model of “what housing should look like for senior farmworkers across California and if not across the country,” noting that farmworkers, particularly seniors, are often relegated to city outskirts. “Taking them out of the shadows, bringing them into the main streets of our downtowns, [in] housing that is vibrant, that allows them to not be isolated, not be hidden, to be in and with the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At the Home Depot in Emeryville on a recent morning, a young man from Senegal is sliding boards onto the top of a pickup truck. It’s a way to make a few bucks from customers who want help loading their purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the corner of the parking lot, about 10 other recently arrived migrants chat in Wolof, a language spoken widely in Senegal and Gambia, while they wait their turn. One of them is 25-year-old Pape — who is using his nickname because of his undocumented status. He’s been in the U.S. for nine months now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said in French, “We don’t like to leave our dear country, Senegal, but there are conditions that pushed us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/06/05/senegal-violent-crackdown-opposition-dissent\">Political violence\u003c/a> has shaken Senegal in recent years, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/#introduction\">unemployment is high\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, for West Africans, attempting the long, dangerous journey overland to the U.S. is something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They used to head for Europe and \u003ca href=\"https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/mediterranean\">those who made it\u003c/a> said that the living was better there. But Europe has \u003ca href=\"https://cmsny.org/how-europe-closing-doors-to-asylum-seekers/\">cracked down on immigration\u003c/a> in recent years, paying North African countries to detain migrants from further south and speeding up deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gambia, which borders Senegal, a business owner who gave his name as Bilal said he has seen people leaving his country give up on Europe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Europe has been overloaded with people taking the ‘back way,’” said Bilal, who has an import/export business in the capital city, Banjul. “So much so that it becomes harder for immigrants to have a regular job or get decent wages to sustain themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just in the last two years, he said, word spread about a new route to America. Businesses sprang up, with self-styled agents selling package trips for as much as $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Africans still make up only a tiny fraction of all those trying to reach the U.S. for protection or opportunity. But since 2021, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/ohss/topics/immigration/enforcement-and-legal-processes-monthly-tables\">30,000\u003c/a> Senegalese and Gambians have crossed the U.S.-Mexico border — up from just dozens a year before then. Pape is one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-8-part-g-chapter-1\">By policy,\u003c/a> the U.S. denies visa applications from people who are considered likely to become a drain on public resources — people from poor countries like Senegal, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Pape flew to Nicaragua, one of only two countries in the Americas that do not require Senegalese to have a visa. (The other is Bolivia, which would mean crossing the dangerous \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/article/crossing-darien-gap-migrants-risk-death-journey-us\">Darién Gap\u003c/a> to get to the U.S.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say Nicaragua’s government is facilitating migration to the U.S., partly \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cuba-nicaragua-migration-charter-flights-daniel-ortega-3abf2fc16e51e86eb8b25c913b8ec464\">in retaliation against U.S. sanctions\u003c/a> — and profiting from it. Pape paid a fee of about $200 on arriving at the Managua airport, he said, and so did every other migrant who passed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chain of smugglers then brought him through Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico, demanding more and more money along the way. He said they were like the mafia, threatening him and his fellow migrants with machetes and guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I die here,” he wondered, “how will my family know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The hard part isn’t over\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After about a month, Pape arrived in Tijuana and surrendered himself to U.S. border patrol agents. They chained him by the wrists and ankles and put him in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d never even seen a person handcuffed like that,” Pape said. “In Senegal, all I knew was school and my house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention can be a terrible shock to young migrants, said Adoubou Traore, who directs the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. The nonprofit organization helps the growing number of African migrants in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re thinking, well, I didn’t kill anybody. I didn’t steal. I didn’t hurt anybody,” Traore said. “So even if they want to keep me, they shouldn’t chain me like I’m a dangerous person. No, no, no, no, no. I’m just trying to cross through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 90% of detained migrants in the U.S. are held in facilities run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/unchecked-growth-private-prison-corporations-and-immigration-detention-three-years-into-the-biden-administration\">private prison corporations\u003c/a>. Advocacy groups report that detained \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a33042eb078691c386e7bce/t/615defe5e76a986c1af29d7a/1633546214397/Multi-Individual+CRCL+Anti-Blackness+and+Other+Abuse+of+Black+immigrants+at+Krome+Oct+2021.pdf\">black migrants (PDF)\u003c/a> are more likely to be put into solitary confinement, or denied medical treatment, or assaulted. And then, after release, Traore said, they remain at a disadvantage — even those with a university education like Pape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101906125,forum_2010101905785,news_11974484\"]“Black migrants, particularly on the West Coast, we’re kind of invisible,” Traore said. “We are heavily, heavily underemployed, and this is such a waste because how can you leave all these bright young people on the sidewalk?’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply for asylum, migrants like Pape must complete a 12-page form \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-589instr.pdf\">in English (PDF)\u003c/a>. Those who don’t apply in the first year are no longer eligible. Yet many West Africans need translation into their unique tribal languages, and the current surge in migration means that many translation and legal services are stretched thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration law is really complex,” said Maria Arrine, an immigration attorney with the African Advocacy Network. “And really, what we find is they don’t even understand what they’re supposed to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Pape speaks French, it was a little easier. He was able to find a lawyer and submit his asylum application. He hopes to receive a work permit after his first court appearance in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he’s scraping by, helping contractors load lumber onto their trucks at the Emeryville Home Depot. He said his dream is to continue his education and get an MBA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to apologize to the Americans and to the United States,” he said, “for making the journey illegally. But understand us because we, too, are humans like you. We are brothers and sisters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the Home Depot in Emeryville on a recent morning, a young man from Senegal is sliding boards onto the top of a pickup truck. It’s a way to make a few bucks from customers who want help loading their purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the corner of the parking lot, about 10 other recently arrived migrants chat in Wolof, a language spoken widely in Senegal and Gambia, while they wait their turn. One of them is 25-year-old Pape — who is using his nickname because of his undocumented status. He’s been in the U.S. for nine months now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said in French, “We don’t like to leave our dear country, Senegal, but there are conditions that pushed us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/06/05/senegal-violent-crackdown-opposition-dissent\">Political violence\u003c/a> has shaken Senegal in recent years, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/#introduction\">unemployment is high\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, for West Africans, attempting the long, dangerous journey overland to the U.S. is something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They used to head for Europe and \u003ca href=\"https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/mediterranean\">those who made it\u003c/a> said that the living was better there. But Europe has \u003ca href=\"https://cmsny.org/how-europe-closing-doors-to-asylum-seekers/\">cracked down on immigration\u003c/a> in recent years, paying North African countries to detain migrants from further south and speeding up deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gambia, which borders Senegal, a business owner who gave his name as Bilal said he has seen people leaving his country give up on Europe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Europe has been overloaded with people taking the ‘back way,’” said Bilal, who has an import/export business in the capital city, Banjul. “So much so that it becomes harder for immigrants to have a regular job or get decent wages to sustain themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just in the last two years, he said, word spread about a new route to America. Businesses sprang up, with self-styled agents selling package trips for as much as $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Africans still make up only a tiny fraction of all those trying to reach the U.S. for protection or opportunity. But since 2021, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/ohss/topics/immigration/enforcement-and-legal-processes-monthly-tables\">30,000\u003c/a> Senegalese and Gambians have crossed the U.S.-Mexico border — up from just dozens a year before then. Pape is one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-8-part-g-chapter-1\">By policy,\u003c/a> the U.S. denies visa applications from people who are considered likely to become a drain on public resources — people from poor countries like Senegal, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Pape flew to Nicaragua, one of only two countries in the Americas that do not require Senegalese to have a visa. (The other is Bolivia, which would mean crossing the dangerous \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/article/crossing-darien-gap-migrants-risk-death-journey-us\">Darién Gap\u003c/a> to get to the U.S.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say Nicaragua’s government is facilitating migration to the U.S., partly \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cuba-nicaragua-migration-charter-flights-daniel-ortega-3abf2fc16e51e86eb8b25c913b8ec464\">in retaliation against U.S. sanctions\u003c/a> — and profiting from it. Pape paid a fee of about $200 on arriving at the Managua airport, he said, and so did every other migrant who passed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chain of smugglers then brought him through Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico, demanding more and more money along the way. He said they were like the mafia, threatening him and his fellow migrants with machetes and guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I die here,” he wondered, “how will my family know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The hard part isn’t over\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After about a month, Pape arrived in Tijuana and surrendered himself to U.S. border patrol agents. They chained him by the wrists and ankles and put him in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d never even seen a person handcuffed like that,” Pape said. “In Senegal, all I knew was school and my house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention can be a terrible shock to young migrants, said Adoubou Traore, who directs the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. The nonprofit organization helps the growing number of African migrants in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re thinking, well, I didn’t kill anybody. I didn’t steal. I didn’t hurt anybody,” Traore said. “So even if they want to keep me, they shouldn’t chain me like I’m a dangerous person. No, no, no, no, no. I’m just trying to cross through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 90% of detained migrants in the U.S. are held in facilities run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/unchecked-growth-private-prison-corporations-and-immigration-detention-three-years-into-the-biden-administration\">private prison corporations\u003c/a>. Advocacy groups report that detained \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a33042eb078691c386e7bce/t/615defe5e76a986c1af29d7a/1633546214397/Multi-Individual+CRCL+Anti-Blackness+and+Other+Abuse+of+Black+immigrants+at+Krome+Oct+2021.pdf\">black migrants (PDF)\u003c/a> are more likely to be put into solitary confinement, or denied medical treatment, or assaulted. And then, after release, Traore said, they remain at a disadvantage — even those with a university education like Pape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Black migrants, particularly on the West Coast, we’re kind of invisible,” Traore said. “We are heavily, heavily underemployed, and this is such a waste because how can you leave all these bright young people on the sidewalk?’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply for asylum, migrants like Pape must complete a 12-page form \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-589instr.pdf\">in English (PDF)\u003c/a>. Those who don’t apply in the first year are no longer eligible. Yet many West Africans need translation into their unique tribal languages, and the current surge in migration means that many translation and legal services are stretched thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration law is really complex,” said Maria Arrine, an immigration attorney with the African Advocacy Network. “And really, what we find is they don’t even understand what they’re supposed to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Pape speaks French, it was a little easier. He was able to find a lawyer and submit his asylum application. He hopes to receive a work permit after his first court appearance in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he’s scraping by, helping contractors load lumber onto their trucks at the Emeryville Home Depot. He said his dream is to continue his education and get an MBA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to apologize to the Americans and to the United States,” he said, “for making the journey illegally. But understand us because we, too, are humans like you. We are brothers and sisters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free preschool program in the country. KQED and LAist are teaming up on a series examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or students in the transitional kindergarten classroom at Oakland’s International Community Elementary School, the day is split in half. They spend their mornings speaking and learning Spanish from teacher Cintya Valdivia. After lunch, they learn everything in English from teacher Sophie Siebert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the school year began, the 4- and 5-year-olds dreaded switching to English, Seibert said. The school is in Fruitvale, home to the city’s largest Latin American immigrant community, and with many students speaking Spanish or a Mayan language called Mam at home, they were not yet comfortable with English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the end of the year, assessments showed that the students were picking up a lot of English, Seibert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student she called her “favorite, rebellious Venezuelan kid” often avoided talking to her by saying, “I can’t speak English, Miss.” He wound up passing his assessments with flying colors, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just looked at him like, ‘OK, you can’t understand me? You did pretty well, bilingual genius,’” Seibert said. “And so, it’s really cool to see their confidence grow in another language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles as she plays with students at an outdoor play gym slide\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Sophie Seiberth speaks with transitional kindergarten students during recess at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Valdivia said the Spanish-speaking students’ vocabulary grew in their native language, and their sentence structures became more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdivia and Siebert’s classroom is a model of California’s effort to boost bilingual education while it also works to make transitional kindergarten available to all 4-year-olds by next fall. School districts are offering TK classes in Spanish, Vietnamese, Korean and other languages that reflect the linguistic diversity of their community and to seize upon the window when young learners are most open to language development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have a lot of catching up to do: California\u003ca href=\"https://tcf.org/content/report/moving-from-vision-to-reality-establishing-california-as-a-national-bilingual-education-and-dual-language-immersion-leader/\"> is behind other states\u003c/a> when it comes to investing in bilingual education and enrolling English learners in dual-language immersion programs, experts said, and the state may not have enough teachers to reach its big goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988062\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young student stands and raises her hand in class as other students around her remain seated in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are enormous numbers of dual language learners in California, and taking advantage of those children’s languages and helping them develop them fully is going to be a really big lift,” said Conor Williams, a researcher at The Century Foundation who examined the state’s bilingual education policies. “Could the state do more? Absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, nearly 60% of children under the age of 6 live in homes where a language other than English is spoken, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-nciip_dll-fact-sheet2022_ca-final.pdf\">an analysis of U.S Census data\u003c/a>. [aside postID=news_11979071 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240309-EARLY-START-DEVELOPMENTAL-DELAYS-MD-02-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/blog-post/how-expanding-transitional-kindergarten-california-can-benefit-dual-language\">A five-year study shows\u003c/a> these dual language learners, who are more likely to live in low-income households, benefit the most from a year of transitional kindergarten. When they get to kindergarten, they’re ahead of their peers in math and literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, we hear, ‘Oh, if they want to learn English, we need to get them in English classrooms,’ but actually, the opposite is true,” said Carolyne Crolotte, who promotes dual language learner programs for Early Edge California. “If children have a very strong foundation in their home language, they actually learn English more easily.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts across the state are promoting the value of bilingualism. In Oakland, parents can attend district-sponsored presentations on how to keep a child’s home language alive so they don’t lose it when they start going to school. In Los Angeles County, billboards and bus stop benches are plastered with the message “two languages, twice the opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a dramatic shift in public attitude and policy toward bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, California voters passed Proposition 227, which limited bilingual education in public schools. Backers of the measure were worried bilingual instruction was delaying dual language learners’ ability to read, write and speak English because they were spending too much time learning in their home language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11146643/the-return-of-bilingual-education-in-california\">voters overturned that policy\u003c/a>, paving the way for language immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by that time, the damage was done. Proposition 227 dismantled bilingual teacher training programs, Crolotte said, and now school districts struggle to find qualified teachers as the demand for language immersion programs grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a challenge trying to get teachers back into the classroom and then also to get new bilingual teachers to fill these classrooms,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage affects all grades, but is particularly acute at the TK level because each classroom needs more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988071\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl reads a bilingual exercise book at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reads a book in English and Spanish in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state sets the average class size for transitional kindergarten at 24, with one adult for every 12 students to ensure they receive enough attention and supervision — two marks of a high-quality early childhood education program. By the 2025–26 school year, the demand for teachers will be greater as the state lowers the average class size to 20, or one adult for every 10 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, school districts and charter schools surveyed by the California Department of Education said they’re having a hard time finding fully credentialed teachers to teach TK by the 2025–26 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agencies also had challenges hiring assistant teachers to maintain adult-child ratios, resulting in a 12% vacancy rate for the position at the beginning of the 2022–23 school year. That number slightly improved to 8% by the middle of that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These positions are some of the most difficult to staff because pay is lower, and often those positions are part-day,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute, who analyzed the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988057\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles in a classroom as a line of young children line up in front of her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Cintya Valdivia prepares to take transitional kindergarten students outside for recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sample audit of school districts found that at least 20 school districts and 50 charter schools failed to comply with the TK class size requirement and/or adult-to-child ratio in the 2022–23 year when the four-year expansion began. These districts and charter schools faced fines ranging from $1,706 to nearly $7 million, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/these-districts-charters-were-fined-for-violating-tk-requirements/712207\">according to a report by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts blamed the problem on a nationwide teacher shortage and difficulty hiring assistant teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California invested $25 million to address the shortage to prepare teachers to work in dual-language classroom settings. As part of the TK expansion, the state also invested hundreds of millions of dollars to increase the number of early educators in TK and the California State Preschool Program, which serves income-eligible 3- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state is missing out on \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/publications/data-snapshot/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\">a valuable source of teachers\u003c/a>: those who already have experience working with 4-year-olds in private and nonprofit child care settings and may already have met some of the requirements for a teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl looks at a bilingual calendar on a classroom wall\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on a language exercise in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also point out that women of color and immigrant women form the backbone of the early child care workforce, and by easing their way into the TK classrooms, they could better reflect the diversity of the student body and improve their wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to young children, you come to work with your entire heart and your full emotional self. That requires training and experience, and just having more education [from a credentialing program] isn’t going to create that,” said Krystell Guzman, co-director of La Plazita Preschool, a private preschool chain in Oakland and San Leandro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said most 4-year-old students are leaving her program to attend the Spanish immersion TK classes at OUSD, leaving her to scramble to preserve jobs for the immigrant women on her staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for racial equity in public education support \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1106/id/2829894\">a bill by Central Valley Assemblymember Esmeralda Soria\u003c/a> that would incentivize educators already in the early learning and care field to train to become TK teachers. Offering stipends, child care, transportation and academic support to those educators — many of whom already have bachelor’s degrees — would give them a boost as they pursue their credential, said Natalie Wheatfall-Lum, director of TK–12 policy at EdTrust-West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988066\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988066\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two young students, photographed from above, work on an exercise at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that being in a culturally and linguistically affirming environment and being taught by culturally and linguistically diverse educators is an effective equity strategy — that’s part of what ‘quality’ means,” she said. “So we want families to be able to choose TK without having to compromise on quality — including a space where they feel welcomed and can see themselves represented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education is responding to this concern by advising educators that even when they don’t speak their student’s home language, they can learn a few words or provide books that recognize the child’s home language. This recommendation will be included in a new edition of the Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations, which the department will release this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts like Oakland Unified are partnering with a local college to recruit new teachers and offering financial aid to current staff who want to work in TK classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibert received an emergency permit through the district to co-teach the dual immersion TK classroom at International Community Elementary School while she earned her credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young children in the foreground work on an exercise as a bilingual alphabet hangs on the wall of a classroom behind them\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 29-year-old has experience working at a private preschool but said she was drawn to the statewide effort to provide free early education for all children. She said working side-by-side with Valdivia, and getting additional support from a classroom aide, gave her a chance to hone her teaching skills and provide one-on-one support to the students who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was to help students get used to the routines of the school day, learn to solve problems and collaborate with their peers — skills that she said would help them succeed in kindergarten and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are key goals we’re trying to reach. All the letter recognition, rhyming skills and counting are just like the icing on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knows she’s fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the district won’t have enough funding to put two teachers and an aide in one classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "It’s uncertain whether California will have enough teachers to meet its ambitious goals of providing transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds and increasing bilingual education for dual language learners.",
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"title": "California Teacher Shortage Hinders Transitional Kindergarten and Bilingual Education Goals | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free preschool program in the country. KQED and LAist are teaming up on a series examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>or students in the transitional kindergarten classroom at Oakland’s International Community Elementary School, the day is split in half. They spend their mornings speaking and learning Spanish from teacher Cintya Valdivia. After lunch, they learn everything in English from teacher Sophie Siebert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the school year began, the 4- and 5-year-olds dreaded switching to English, Seibert said. The school is in Fruitvale, home to the city’s largest Latin American immigrant community, and with many students speaking Spanish or a Mayan language called Mam at home, they were not yet comfortable with English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the end of the year, assessments showed that the students were picking up a lot of English, Seibert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student she called her “favorite, rebellious Venezuelan kid” often avoided talking to her by saying, “I can’t speak English, Miss.” He wound up passing his assessments with flying colors, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just looked at him like, ‘OK, you can’t understand me? You did pretty well, bilingual genius,’” Seibert said. “And so, it’s really cool to see their confidence grow in another language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles as she plays with students at an outdoor play gym slide\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Sophie Seiberth speaks with transitional kindergarten students during recess at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Valdivia said the Spanish-speaking students’ vocabulary grew in their native language, and their sentence structures became more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdivia and Siebert’s classroom is a model of California’s effort to boost bilingual education while it also works to make transitional kindergarten available to all 4-year-olds by next fall. School districts are offering TK classes in Spanish, Vietnamese, Korean and other languages that reflect the linguistic diversity of their community and to seize upon the window when young learners are most open to language development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have a lot of catching up to do: California\u003ca href=\"https://tcf.org/content/report/moving-from-vision-to-reality-establishing-california-as-a-national-bilingual-education-and-dual-language-immersion-leader/\"> is behind other states\u003c/a> when it comes to investing in bilingual education and enrolling English learners in dual-language immersion programs, experts said, and the state may not have enough teachers to reach its big goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988062\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young student stands and raises her hand in class as other students around her remain seated in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are enormous numbers of dual language learners in California, and taking advantage of those children’s languages and helping them develop them fully is going to be a really big lift,” said Conor Williams, a researcher at The Century Foundation who examined the state’s bilingual education policies. “Could the state do more? Absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, nearly 60% of children under the age of 6 live in homes where a language other than English is spoken, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-nciip_dll-fact-sheet2022_ca-final.pdf\">an analysis of U.S Census data\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/blog-post/how-expanding-transitional-kindergarten-california-can-benefit-dual-language\">A five-year study shows\u003c/a> these dual language learners, who are more likely to live in low-income households, benefit the most from a year of transitional kindergarten. When they get to kindergarten, they’re ahead of their peers in math and literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, we hear, ‘Oh, if they want to learn English, we need to get them in English classrooms,’ but actually, the opposite is true,” said Carolyne Crolotte, who promotes dual language learner programs for Early Edge California. “If children have a very strong foundation in their home language, they actually learn English more easily.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts across the state are promoting the value of bilingualism. In Oakland, parents can attend district-sponsored presentations on how to keep a child’s home language alive so they don’t lose it when they start going to school. In Los Angeles County, billboards and bus stop benches are plastered with the message “two languages, twice the opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a dramatic shift in public attitude and policy toward bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, California voters passed Proposition 227, which limited bilingual education in public schools. Backers of the measure were worried bilingual instruction was delaying dual language learners’ ability to read, write and speak English because they were spending too much time learning in their home language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11146643/the-return-of-bilingual-education-in-california\">voters overturned that policy\u003c/a>, paving the way for language immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by that time, the damage was done. Proposition 227 dismantled bilingual teacher training programs, Crolotte said, and now school districts struggle to find qualified teachers as the demand for language immersion programs grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a challenge trying to get teachers back into the classroom and then also to get new bilingual teachers to fill these classrooms,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage affects all grades, but is particularly acute at the TK level because each classroom needs more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988071\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl reads a bilingual exercise book at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reads a book in English and Spanish in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state sets the average class size for transitional kindergarten at 24, with one adult for every 12 students to ensure they receive enough attention and supervision — two marks of a high-quality early childhood education program. By the 2025–26 school year, the demand for teachers will be greater as the state lowers the average class size to 20, or one adult for every 10 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, school districts and charter schools surveyed by the California Department of Education said they’re having a hard time finding fully credentialed teachers to teach TK by the 2025–26 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agencies also had challenges hiring assistant teachers to maintain adult-child ratios, resulting in a 12% vacancy rate for the position at the beginning of the 2022–23 school year. That number slightly improved to 8% by the middle of that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These positions are some of the most difficult to staff because pay is lower, and often those positions are part-day,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute, who analyzed the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988057\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles in a classroom as a line of young children line up in front of her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Cintya Valdivia prepares to take transitional kindergarten students outside for recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sample audit of school districts found that at least 20 school districts and 50 charter schools failed to comply with the TK class size requirement and/or adult-to-child ratio in the 2022–23 year when the four-year expansion began. These districts and charter schools faced fines ranging from $1,706 to nearly $7 million, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/these-districts-charters-were-fined-for-violating-tk-requirements/712207\">according to a report by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts blamed the problem on a nationwide teacher shortage and difficulty hiring assistant teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California invested $25 million to address the shortage to prepare teachers to work in dual-language classroom settings. As part of the TK expansion, the state also invested hundreds of millions of dollars to increase the number of early educators in TK and the California State Preschool Program, which serves income-eligible 3- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state is missing out on \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/publications/data-snapshot/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\">a valuable source of teachers\u003c/a>: those who already have experience working with 4-year-olds in private and nonprofit child care settings and may already have met some of the requirements for a teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl looks at a bilingual calendar on a classroom wall\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on a language exercise in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also point out that women of color and immigrant women form the backbone of the early child care workforce, and by easing their way into the TK classrooms, they could better reflect the diversity of the student body and improve their wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to young children, you come to work with your entire heart and your full emotional self. That requires training and experience, and just having more education [from a credentialing program] isn’t going to create that,” said Krystell Guzman, co-director of La Plazita Preschool, a private preschool chain in Oakland and San Leandro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said most 4-year-old students are leaving her program to attend the Spanish immersion TK classes at OUSD, leaving her to scramble to preserve jobs for the immigrant women on her staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for racial equity in public education support \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1106/id/2829894\">a bill by Central Valley Assemblymember Esmeralda Soria\u003c/a> that would incentivize educators already in the early learning and care field to train to become TK teachers. Offering stipends, child care, transportation and academic support to those educators — many of whom already have bachelor’s degrees — would give them a boost as they pursue their credential, said Natalie Wheatfall-Lum, director of TK–12 policy at EdTrust-West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988066\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988066\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two young students, photographed from above, work on an exercise at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that being in a culturally and linguistically affirming environment and being taught by culturally and linguistically diverse educators is an effective equity strategy — that’s part of what ‘quality’ means,” she said. “So we want families to be able to choose TK without having to compromise on quality — including a space where they feel welcomed and can see themselves represented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education is responding to this concern by advising educators that even when they don’t speak their student’s home language, they can learn a few words or provide books that recognize the child’s home language. This recommendation will be included in a new edition of the Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations, which the department will release this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts like Oakland Unified are partnering with a local college to recruit new teachers and offering financial aid to current staff who want to work in TK classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibert received an emergency permit through the district to co-teach the dual immersion TK classroom at International Community Elementary School while she earned her credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young children in the foreground work on an exercise as a bilingual alphabet hangs on the wall of a classroom behind them\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 29-year-old has experience working at a private preschool but said she was drawn to the statewide effort to provide free early education for all children. She said working side-by-side with Valdivia, and getting additional support from a classroom aide, gave her a chance to hone her teaching skills and provide one-on-one support to the students who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was to help students get used to the routines of the school day, learn to solve problems and collaborate with their peers — skills that she said would help them succeed in kindergarten and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are key goals we’re trying to reach. All the letter recognition, rhyming skills and counting are just like the icing on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knows she’s fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the district won’t have enough funding to put two teachers and an aide in one classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "are-democrats-losing-their-edge-with-latino-voters-as-biden-closes-the-border",
"title": "Are Democrats Losing Their Edge With Latino Voters as Biden Closes the Border?",
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"headTitle": "Are Democrats Losing Their Edge With Latino Voters as Biden Closes the Border? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a week where both former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris stumped for cash in California, there are signs of a growing split among Democrats over President Biden’s new crackdown at the southern border. The president is playing defense as images of migrants seeking asylum are creating pressure on the administration to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott is joined by KQED politics correspondent Guy Marzorati and Politico senior political reporter Melanie Mason to talk about how immigration and border issues might play out in the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a week where both former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris stumped for cash in California, there are signs of a growing split among Democrats over President Biden’s new crackdown at the southern border. The president is playing defense as images of migrants seeking asylum are creating pressure on the administration to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott is joined by KQED politics correspondent Guy Marzorati and Politico senior political reporter Melanie Mason to talk about how immigration and border issues might play out in the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Newsom Faces Backlash for Plan to Cut In-Home Care for Undocumented Disabled Adults",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom vowed he would not fix the state’s budget deficit by removing health insurance from low-income adults living in the country without legal permission, calling the state’s policy “something I believe in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom would eliminate an important health benefit for some low-income immigrants with disabilities, angering his allies who are now accusing the second-term governor of breaking his word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was one of the first states to give free health insurance to all low-income adults \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-medicaid-expansion-undocumented-immigrants-34d8deb2186e9195b253f499e81a3d77\">regardless of their immigration status\u003c/a>. The multibillion-dollar project, completed in January, made more than 1 million people eligible for California’s Medicaid program, including many people who had never before had health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, just five months later and with California facing an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-deficit-gov-gavin-newsom-8f502d57d00d551c0b6b6331367f7a25#:~:text=Officially%2C%20Newsom%20said%20the%20state's,Legislature%20agreed%20to%20in%20March.\">$45 billion deficit\u003c/a>, Newsom wants the state to stop paying for caregivers to come to the homes of some disabled people — who are living in the country without legal permission — to help them with cooking, cleaning and other tasks so they can stay out of nursing homes. Everyone else would keep that benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration said this would save about $94 million and impact fewer than 3,000 people out of the more than 15 million enrolled in the state’s Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal. However, eliminating the benefit would also prevent thousands more from becoming eligible in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newom’s proposal “is a betrayal,” said David Kane, an attorney with the Western Center on Law and Poverty. Ronald Coleman Baeza, managing policy director for California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, called it “indefensible” and compared the proposal to a notorious ballot proposition from the 1990s that sought to bar immigrants from accessing government assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988527 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marvin Estela Pineda poses for a photo at her home in Madera, Madera County, on Thursday, May 30, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gary Kazanjian/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it could move us back in the sense of treating undocumented as different,” said state Sen. Maria Elena Durazo, a Democrat from Los Angeles who has pushed for the Medicaid expansion for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s proposal for immigrants would impact a benefit known as in-home supportive services, which are becoming more expensive for the state to provide. The average hourly wage for caregivers has gone up 6% since 2014. And starting this year, with some emergency federal funding provided during the pandemic expiring, there have been cost increases of about $200 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once people qualify for the program, they get to hire their own caregiver. It’s often a relative, meaning the program often acts as financial assistance for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marvin Estela Pineda, a 42-year-old woman originally from El Salvador who now lives in California’s Central Valley, lost her eyesight at 30 because of glaucoma. She started getting in-home supportive services earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter, Mayde Pineda, said the government has been paying her $16.50 per hour for a total of 84 hours a month to care for her mother, which includes things like cooking, cleaning and laundry. Mayde Pineda, 22, said the money helped stabilize the family financially while she finished college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988531 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marvin Estela Pineda, holding a mirror, gets makeup applied by her daughter Mayde at their home in Madera, on Thursday, May 30, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gary Kazanjian/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Without (this program), I won’t be able to care for her without significant hardships,” Mayde Pineda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Social Services, which administers the program, said it would work “to mitigate any negative impact to currently assisted individuals,” including helping them find other government-funded programs that could provide similar services. One option would be Medi-Cal’s community-based adult services program, which pays for things like personal care, food and professional nursing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on his proposal, the governor’s office pointed to remarks Newsom made earlier this month when he announced his budget plan that included an array of painful cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t find any joy in this — but we’ve got to do it, we have to be responsible. We have to be accountable. We have to balance the budget,” Newsom said.[aside postID=news_11979626 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/SAUL-PEDROZA-26-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Newsom for much of his tenure has basked in the praises of progressives as he used a string of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-california-gavin-newsom-5aa5ab19800a5e91c209ff1268ac40bc\">historic surpluses\u003c/a> to expand government services. However, back-to-back multibillion-dollar deficits are forcing Newsom to make some hard choices that have put him on a collision course with some of his most vocal supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating these conflicts will be critical for Newsom, who has been building his national profile ahead of a potential presidential campaign. So far, Newsom has been moving quickly to address them. When the state’s largest teachers union ran ads \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-deficit-schools-newsom-teachers-union-e8de3476bfdec82f916b54223d9bf061\">criticizing him\u003c/a> for his proposed cuts to education, Newsom struck a deal with them that resolved much of their concerns. That deal still must be approved by the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other negotiations will be more difficult. Newsom’s health care proposal for immigrants is just one of many proposed cuts across the state’s wide array of social services programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature, which is controlled by Democrats, plans to pass its version of the budget by June 15. This plan would restore nearly all of those cuts, including the health care cuts for some immigrants. It does this by increasing a temporary tax hike on businesses while also slashing about $1 billion from the state’s prison budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have ensured that the budget is not balanced on our most vulnerable populations,” said Assemblymember Corey Jackson, a Democrat from Moreno Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and legislative leaders will negotiate over the next few weeks on a final spending plan, with the goal of passing a budget around the start of the new fiscal year on July 1. While the Legislature votes on the budget, Newsom has a lot of influence. He decides whether to sign the budget into law. California lawmakers have rarely ever overturned a governor’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom vowed he would not fix the state’s budget deficit by removing health insurance from low-income adults living in the country without legal permission, calling the state’s policy “something I believe in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom would eliminate an important health benefit for some low-income immigrants with disabilities, angering his allies who are now accusing the second-term governor of breaking his word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was one of the first states to give free health insurance to all low-income adults \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-medicaid-expansion-undocumented-immigrants-34d8deb2186e9195b253f499e81a3d77\">regardless of their immigration status\u003c/a>. The multibillion-dollar project, completed in January, made more than 1 million people eligible for California’s Medicaid program, including many people who had never before had health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, just five months later and with California facing an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-deficit-gov-gavin-newsom-8f502d57d00d551c0b6b6331367f7a25#:~:text=Officially%2C%20Newsom%20said%20the%20state's,Legislature%20agreed%20to%20in%20March.\">$45 billion deficit\u003c/a>, Newsom wants the state to stop paying for caregivers to come to the homes of some disabled people — who are living in the country without legal permission — to help them with cooking, cleaning and other tasks so they can stay out of nursing homes. Everyone else would keep that benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration said this would save about $94 million and impact fewer than 3,000 people out of the more than 15 million enrolled in the state’s Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal. However, eliminating the benefit would also prevent thousands more from becoming eligible in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newom’s proposal “is a betrayal,” said David Kane, an attorney with the Western Center on Law and Poverty. Ronald Coleman Baeza, managing policy director for California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, called it “indefensible” and compared the proposal to a notorious ballot proposition from the 1990s that sought to bar immigrants from accessing government assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988527 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173581917-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marvin Estela Pineda poses for a photo at her home in Madera, Madera County, on Thursday, May 30, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gary Kazanjian/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it could move us back in the sense of treating undocumented as different,” said state Sen. Maria Elena Durazo, a Democrat from Los Angeles who has pushed for the Medicaid expansion for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s proposal for immigrants would impact a benefit known as in-home supportive services, which are becoming more expensive for the state to provide. The average hourly wage for caregivers has gone up 6% since 2014. And starting this year, with some emergency federal funding provided during the pandemic expiring, there have been cost increases of about $200 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once people qualify for the program, they get to hire their own caregiver. It’s often a relative, meaning the program often acts as financial assistance for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marvin Estela Pineda, a 42-year-old woman originally from El Salvador who now lives in California’s Central Valley, lost her eyesight at 30 because of glaucoma. She started getting in-home supportive services earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter, Mayde Pineda, said the government has been paying her $16.50 per hour for a total of 84 hours a month to care for her mother, which includes things like cooking, cleaning and laundry. Mayde Pineda, 22, said the money helped stabilize the family financially while she finished college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988531 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24152173841689-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marvin Estela Pineda, holding a mirror, gets makeup applied by her daughter Mayde at their home in Madera, on Thursday, May 30, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gary Kazanjian/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Without (this program), I won’t be able to care for her without significant hardships,” Mayde Pineda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Social Services, which administers the program, said it would work “to mitigate any negative impact to currently assisted individuals,” including helping them find other government-funded programs that could provide similar services. One option would be Medi-Cal’s community-based adult services program, which pays for things like personal care, food and professional nursing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on his proposal, the governor’s office pointed to remarks Newsom made earlier this month when he announced his budget plan that included an array of painful cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t find any joy in this — but we’ve got to do it, we have to be responsible. We have to be accountable. We have to balance the budget,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom for much of his tenure has basked in the praises of progressives as he used a string of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-california-gavin-newsom-5aa5ab19800a5e91c209ff1268ac40bc\">historic surpluses\u003c/a> to expand government services. However, back-to-back multibillion-dollar deficits are forcing Newsom to make some hard choices that have put him on a collision course with some of his most vocal supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating these conflicts will be critical for Newsom, who has been building his national profile ahead of a potential presidential campaign. So far, Newsom has been moving quickly to address them. When the state’s largest teachers union ran ads \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-deficit-schools-newsom-teachers-union-e8de3476bfdec82f916b54223d9bf061\">criticizing him\u003c/a> for his proposed cuts to education, Newsom struck a deal with them that resolved much of their concerns. That deal still must be approved by the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other negotiations will be more difficult. Newsom’s health care proposal for immigrants is just one of many proposed cuts across the state’s wide array of social services programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature, which is controlled by Democrats, plans to pass its version of the budget by June 15. This plan would restore nearly all of those cuts, including the health care cuts for some immigrants. It does this by increasing a temporary tax hike on businesses while also slashing about $1 billion from the state’s prison budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have ensured that the budget is not balanced on our most vulnerable populations,” said Assemblymember Corey Jackson, a Democrat from Moreno Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and legislative leaders will negotiate over the next few weeks on a final spending plan, with the goal of passing a budget around the start of the new fiscal year on July 1. While the Legislature votes on the budget, Newsom has a lot of influence. He decides whether to sign the budget into law. California lawmakers have rarely ever overturned a governor’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Major Wage-Theft Claim Backlog Due to Severe Understaffing at California Labor Agency, Audit Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>Severe understaffing, slow hiring, poor training and inefficient bureaucracy combine to slow California’s investigations of wage theft claims, the state auditor’s office concluded Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/the-california-labor-commissioners-office/\">audit of the state Labor Commissioner’s Office\u003c/a>, is a backlog of 47,000 claims that take six times longer to resolve than the four months set in state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers are left waiting years for money they claim they are owed when their employers fail to pay the minimum wage, overtime premiums or legally required break times. Then, those who need the office’s help to collect on their back pay only get all their money back 12% of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit confirms the findings of several recent news reports on the problem, including a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/series/unpaid-wages-california-workers/\">2022 CalMatters series detailing long waits\u003c/a> and low payouts for workers making claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit stated that it would take the Labor Commissioner’s Office wage claims unit nearly 900 staff members to fully address the backlogs and handle claims in the time required by law. That’s almost three times the positions the unit currently has — about a third of which are vacant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though auditors pinned the office’s crisis largely to the understaffing, it also found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The office has a unit to help workers who win their claims recover the money from resistant employers by placing liens on property, levying bank accounts or, in some cases, revoking the employers’ business licenses. However, that unit didn’t recover any of the money in most cases and often did not use all the methods available.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hiring is overseen by two different human resources departments: the Labor Commissioner and that of the larger Department of Industrial Relations. The auditor found the slow process resulted in the office losing qualified candidates. Pay is also sometimes lower than comparable state and local government jobs, the audit found, particularly for hearing officers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The audit criticized the office for failing to adequately train new staff and supervisors and for using a case management system that was rife with inaccuracies and unreliable data, making it difficult for the office to track the progress of wage claims.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In response to the report, Katrina S. Hagen, the industrial relations director, wrote that the office is working on improvements to the case management system and conducting a study of staff salaries to improve retention. She also noted California is passing increasingly complex new labor laws that may prevent the office from meeting case deadlines even with enough staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wage claim system is decades old. In recent years, California labor officials have increasingly tried alternative enforcement methods, including workplace-wide investigations in low-wage industries with the help of worker advocates. Last week, they announced they would award $8.5 million to 17 local prosecutors to bring criminal charges against problem employers. [aside postID=news_11979626 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/SAUL-PEDROZA-26-KQED-1020x680.jpg']However, advocates said the individual claim system is still an important way for workers who believe they’ve been underpaid to recover small amounts without hiring a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit immediately prompted labor leaders to call for the state to prioritize hiring at the Labor Commissioner’s Office. The California Labor Federation said the office should get emergency hiring authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s audit findings demonstrate that California workers face an enforcement crisis,” federation leader Lorena Gonzalez said in a statement. “Our state enforcement agencies weren’t designed to handle this magnitude of labor law violations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/steven-glazer-165414\">Steve Glazer\u003c/a>, an Orinda Democrat who pushed for the audit last year in response to the news reports, lambasted the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California State Auditor’s report makes clear that our State Labor Commissioner is a toothless enforcer of our wage theft laws,” he said in a statement. “Immediate and decisive action to restore integrity and effectiveness to the Labor Commissioner’s office is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glazer isn’t planning any bills to address the issue, his spokesperson Steven Harmon said.\u003cbr>\n[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']The release of the audit puts pressure on lawmakers and business and labor lobbyists to reach a deal in a simmering battle over another California labor law. A longtime target of the California Chamber of Commerce and other employers’ groups, the Private Attorneys General Act allows workers with private lawyers to take on the role of the state in suing their employers for alleged violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class-action suits brought against employers generate about $200 million a year in penalties that get deposited into a fund for state labor enforcement efforts. Workers’ advocates argue those cases are also diverted from what would be an even worse backlog for the Labor Commissioner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Chamber-backed measure to repeal the law is scheduled to be on voters’ ballots in November, though business and labor groups have until late June to reach a compromise that could be passed by the Legislature instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is absolutely the worst time to even consider” repealing the law, said Alexandra Suh, co-president of the California Coalition for Worker Power and executive director of the Koreatown Immigrant Workers’ Alliance in LA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alliance has been helping workers file wage claims for more than 30 years, and Suh said delays at the office have been a longstanding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This audit is even more clear evidence in my mind that we need to preserve PAGA, preserve the right of workers to stand in the shoes of the state to address violations and relieve pressure on the Labor Commissioner’s Office,” Suh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Severe understaffing, slow hiring, poor training and inefficient bureaucracy combine to slow California’s investigations of wage theft claims, the state auditor’s office concluded Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/the-california-labor-commissioners-office/\">audit of the state Labor Commissioner’s Office\u003c/a>, is a backlog of 47,000 claims that take six times longer to resolve than the four months set in state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers are left waiting years for money they claim they are owed when their employers fail to pay the minimum wage, overtime premiums or legally required break times. Then, those who need the office’s help to collect on their back pay only get all their money back 12% of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit confirms the findings of several recent news reports on the problem, including a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/series/unpaid-wages-california-workers/\">2022 CalMatters series detailing long waits\u003c/a> and low payouts for workers making claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit stated that it would take the Labor Commissioner’s Office wage claims unit nearly 900 staff members to fully address the backlogs and handle claims in the time required by law. That’s almost three times the positions the unit currently has — about a third of which are vacant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though auditors pinned the office’s crisis largely to the understaffing, it also found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The office has a unit to help workers who win their claims recover the money from resistant employers by placing liens on property, levying bank accounts or, in some cases, revoking the employers’ business licenses. However, that unit didn’t recover any of the money in most cases and often did not use all the methods available.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hiring is overseen by two different human resources departments: the Labor Commissioner and that of the larger Department of Industrial Relations. The auditor found the slow process resulted in the office losing qualified candidates. Pay is also sometimes lower than comparable state and local government jobs, the audit found, particularly for hearing officers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The audit criticized the office for failing to adequately train new staff and supervisors and for using a case management system that was rife with inaccuracies and unreliable data, making it difficult for the office to track the progress of wage claims.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In response to the report, Katrina S. Hagen, the industrial relations director, wrote that the office is working on improvements to the case management system and conducting a study of staff salaries to improve retention. She also noted California is passing increasingly complex new labor laws that may prevent the office from meeting case deadlines even with enough staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wage claim system is decades old. In recent years, California labor officials have increasingly tried alternative enforcement methods, including workplace-wide investigations in low-wage industries with the help of worker advocates. Last week, they announced they would award $8.5 million to 17 local prosecutors to bring criminal charges against problem employers. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, advocates said the individual claim system is still an important way for workers who believe they’ve been underpaid to recover small amounts without hiring a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit immediately prompted labor leaders to call for the state to prioritize hiring at the Labor Commissioner’s Office. The California Labor Federation said the office should get emergency hiring authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s audit findings demonstrate that California workers face an enforcement crisis,” federation leader Lorena Gonzalez said in a statement. “Our state enforcement agencies weren’t designed to handle this magnitude of labor law violations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/steven-glazer-165414\">Steve Glazer\u003c/a>, an Orinda Democrat who pushed for the audit last year in response to the news reports, lambasted the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California State Auditor’s report makes clear that our State Labor Commissioner is a toothless enforcer of our wage theft laws,” he said in a statement. “Immediate and decisive action to restore integrity and effectiveness to the Labor Commissioner’s office is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glazer isn’t planning any bills to address the issue, his spokesperson Steven Harmon said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The release of the audit puts pressure on lawmakers and business and labor lobbyists to reach a deal in a simmering battle over another California labor law. A longtime target of the California Chamber of Commerce and other employers’ groups, the Private Attorneys General Act allows workers with private lawyers to take on the role of the state in suing their employers for alleged violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class-action suits brought against employers generate about $200 million a year in penalties that get deposited into a fund for state labor enforcement efforts. Workers’ advocates argue those cases are also diverted from what would be an even worse backlog for the Labor Commissioner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Chamber-backed measure to repeal the law is scheduled to be on voters’ ballots in November, though business and labor groups have until late June to reach a compromise that could be passed by the Legislature instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is absolutely the worst time to even consider” repealing the law, said Alexandra Suh, co-president of the California Coalition for Worker Power and executive director of the Koreatown Immigrant Workers’ Alliance in LA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alliance has been helping workers file wage claims for more than 30 years, and Suh said delays at the office have been a longstanding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This audit is even more clear evidence in my mind that we need to preserve PAGA, preserve the right of workers to stand in the shoes of the state to address violations and relieve pressure on the Labor Commissioner’s Office,” Suh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "californias-class-of-2024-lags-in-student-aid-applications-data-shows",
"title": "California's Class of 2024 Lags in Student Aid Applications, Data Shows",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 42,000 fewer students in California applied for federal student aid in 2024 than last year after a major overhaul of the application process resulted in serious technical problems for would-be college applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than half of California high school seniors completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid — or FAFSA — form this year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">May 17 data from the National College Attainment Network\u003c/a> (NCAN), a nonprofit that aims to increase postsecondary degree access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NCAN’s latest available figures, which are still being updated as more forms are processed, the California class of 2024 saw a 14% decrease in FAFSA completions compared to the same time last year. (Due to the delayed launch of the 2024-25 FAFSA the data for that year starts in January, as shown in the graph below, rather than in October as in previous years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended deadline for California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">state aid was May 2\u003c/a>, although \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/fafsa-deadlines#fafsa-deadlines-2024-25\">students can still apply to FAFSA to assess their potential eligibility\u003c/a> for other types of aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's total FAFSA Completions since 2017\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Zp4Bd/4\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the drop in FAFSA applications was even higher: A 16% decrease compared to the class of 2023. California was ranked ninth in highest among U.S. states and territories for FAFSA completion, a position that has nonetheless improved in the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"High school seniors' FAFSA completions in 2024\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/vX50o/6/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NCAN measured FAFSA completion data rather than just submissions, meaning the application has been submitted \u003cem>and \u003c/em>not sent back to the student for any corrections. The nonprofit’s data comes from the U.S. Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid office and includes both public and private high schools. As it continues to report the submission numbers that are still coming in, NCAN also mounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/DoTheFAFSA\">a social campaign to highlight the national FAFSA statistics lagging\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill DeBaun, NCAN’s senior director, said the submission data “really raises the question about how many students actually started the application but didn’t finish, because of the glitches in the application — or because of whatever complication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s applying for financial aid — and who’s not?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NCAN’s data also reveals demographic disparities in who’s applying for financial aid in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income schools, defined as schools where at least half of the students are qualified for free or reduced-priced lunch, saw a FAFSA completion rate of 47%. This means, over 165,000 lower-income students did not complete the FAFSA this year compared to 2023 — a 15% decrease. By comparison, higher-income schools saw a 56% completion rate among their students and a 13% decrease from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data is similar when examining completions among students of color in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than half of seniors in “high-minority” schools (which NCAN defines as enrolling 40% or more Black and/or Hispanic students) completed the FAFSA for 2024 — a 15% drop in this same group from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, a higher percentage of seniors in “low-minority schools” — 56% — completed the FAFSA this year, with a smaller decrease of 12% in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring the relative levels of FAFSA completion matters, DeBaun said, because the numbers give an idea of how many young people intend to enroll in college in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we see FAFSA completion go up, we see immediate college enrollment also go up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For mixed-status students, a particular burden\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As school counselors like Piedmont Hills’ Jill Shoopman can attest, applying to the FAFSA is already a dreaded process for most high school seniors who aim to attend postsecondary institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">the bungled rollout\u003c/a> had Shoopman fearing that many high school students would give up trying to complete the form entirely and miss out on aid they could be qualified for, especially those who need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many in similar positions, Shoopman saw the particular impact on students from California’s mixed-status families. Mixed-status students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">found themselves blocked from completing the FAFSA application\u003c/a> if one of their parents didn’t have a Social Security number due to their immigration status. Shoopman recalled how one of her favorite students, a senior from a mixed-status family, would stop by her office each week to anxiously ask, “Is there a fix? Is there a fix?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She understands, even at her young age, how important this is,” Shoopman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counselors, high schools and college-prep organizations say \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">the delayed rollout of the relaunched FAFSA\u003c/a> — a revamp intended to streamline and simplify the process for students — was no big surprise. Further complicating the process were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63005/exclusive-the-education-department-says-it-will-fix-its-1-8-billion-fafsa-mistake\">glitches \u003c/a>with Social Security numbers and instances where students could not create accounts entirely, which created real panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application launched on Dec. 30, 2023, but students from mixed-status families could only complete the application starting March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t know how they didn’t anticipate that [mixed-status families not being able to apply] was going to be a concern,” Shoopman said — especially in a state like California, where \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families?breakdown=by-age-group\">20% of Californians under 18 are either undocumented or living with undocumented family members\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Families, support staff and schools under pressure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For David Alvarez, the director of college readiness and success at Alpha Public Schools in San José, it was “the worst financial aid application season that I’ve ever experienced” in his 15 years in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that us as a team, as well as fellow educators, tried our absolute best to improve completion rates from years to the next,” Alvarez said. “But the system [this year] didn’t really allow for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez’s school has a large number of first-generation and Latino students, he explained. In preparation for the application season, the school prepared FAFSA workshops and early morning hours for seniors to work on their application to provide specialized attention to students — trying to work around the complications of the form.[aside postID=news_11984551 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-SAT-III-MD-06-KQED-1020x680.jpg']During those workshops, Alvarez managed the growing frustrations of students and their parents. He said some had taken time off work to attend a workshop and faced unanswered questions exacerbated by FAFSA glitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience has become a nightmare when you realize that applications weren’t working properly, that you didn’t always have the answers when you were troubleshooting things … and that created a lot of distrust from students and parents,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, they might see it as, ‘Hey, you don’t have the answers. You might be incompetent. You don’t know what you’re talking about,’” Alvarez said. “And the reality is: It’s so much bigger than us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community is losing out on both the time and the money that, let’s be real, we didn’t really have in the first place to begin with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oftentimes, students would question the purpose of even doing the application, Alvarez said. Some four-year eligible students instead planned to go to community college, potentially overloading the community college system, which is unsure who will be attending in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a delay in FAFSA, it delayed the ability for schools to present financial aid award letters,” Alvarez said. The FAFSA delays also delayed schools’ ability to present financial aid award letters, Alvarez said — meaning that “ultimately, students and parents can’t confidently select the institution that they want to go to — because they’re just unaware of how much money they will receive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many states extended their college application deadlines, this led to institutions not knowing who would attend their school in the fall. According to DeBaun, this impacts course schedules, staffing and residential halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a limit to how far back institutions can push these deadlines and still be prepared to receive students for the fall semester,” he said. Shoopman also said it can keep students on college waitlists in limbo as others consider if they can afford to enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For students in California, or anywhere in America right now, we should be concerned about what full enrollment would look like based on the FAFSA completion declines that we’re seeing,” DeBaun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Examining the reasons behind FAFSA declines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One factor to consider in this year’s sharp fall in FAFSA submissions is the record number of applications the state saw last year, according to California State Aid Commission (CSAC) spokesperson Shelveen Ratnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, the agency’s widespread \u003ca href=\"https://campussuite-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/1558523/0672826e-a84b-11e7-9779-0ae3e1d9783c/2627890/325d1d6e-1cfb-11ee-b757-02b0137163b1/file/all_in_for_fafsa_ca_dream_act_fact_sheet.pdf\">“All in for FAFSA/CA Dream” campaign\u003c/a> promoted awareness of FAFSA, encouraging California high schools to have all students fill out an application or actively opt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every state that also implemented this policy, California saw a large jump in FAFSA completion numbers last year, DeBaun said. By September 2023, 62% of the class of 2023 had completed the FAFSA — compared to 58% of the class of 2022 in the same period that year.[aside postID=news_11982354 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240408-UCLAWSF-014-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']States that have traditionally done well with FAFSA completion, like California and Texas, are also seeing major drops this year, DeBaun said. However, for him, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fafsa\">the delay in this year’s FAFSA application\u003c/a> is at least partly responsible for these marked decreases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it this way: Every day, [successful states] are relatively more effective at getting more students to complete a FAFSA than their peers,” DeBaun said. “So when you take 90 days out of the FAFSA cycle … every single one of those days, relatively speaking, costs that state more in terms of FAFSA completion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The class of 2024 [has] just had a much smaller window in which to complete the FAFSA,” DeBaun said — and all the while — “the fall semester isn’t getting pushed back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ratnam described the trend in data — and the technical difficulties that students faced — as “definitely alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Financial aid is] one of the most important things that students or families think about when it comes to deciding if they want to pursue higher education,” Ratnam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alvarez noted that FAFSA submission numbers have increased in the last weeks, likely helped by the fact that the previous glitches with the form had been fixed, he said that distrust of the process among students and their families is still noticeable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this winter’s initial FAFSA errors might have been resolved, “tell that to someone who’s come to the high school five, six, seven, eight times already,” Alvarez said. “And that’s really what we’re facing: Just re-energizing the students and the parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As difficult as it is, it has long-term impacts, and we want to see the light at the end of the tunnel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do students still have time to apply?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the May 2 deadline for in-state aid has passed, CSAC is encouraging students to still apply to the FAFSA to see if they qualify for other types of financial aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/cal-grant-community-college-entitlement-award\">Cal Grant Community College Entitlement Award FAFSA application\u003c/a> is due on Sept. 2\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said the FAFSA is often the first college-related struggle students face. But he tells his students to apply for financial aid to keep the door open to college enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to parents, Alvarez said his message on the importance of financial aid’s role in getting a student to college often comes when their children are graduating: “They’re literally transcending their circumstances; they’re narrowing that achievement gap,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re breaking barriers for their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Over 42,000 fewer students in California applied for federal student aid in 2024 compared to last year. What happened?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 42,000 fewer students in California applied for federal student aid in 2024 than last year after a major overhaul of the application process resulted in serious technical problems for would-be college applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than half of California high school seniors completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid — or FAFSA — form this year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">May 17 data from the National College Attainment Network\u003c/a> (NCAN), a nonprofit that aims to increase postsecondary degree access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NCAN’s latest available figures, which are still being updated as more forms are processed, the California class of 2024 saw a 14% decrease in FAFSA completions compared to the same time last year. (Due to the delayed launch of the 2024-25 FAFSA the data for that year starts in January, as shown in the graph below, rather than in October as in previous years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended deadline for California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">state aid was May 2\u003c/a>, although \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/fafsa-deadlines#fafsa-deadlines-2024-25\">students can still apply to FAFSA to assess their potential eligibility\u003c/a> for other types of aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California's total FAFSA Completions since 2017\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Zp4Bd/4\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the drop in FAFSA applications was even higher: A 16% decrease compared to the class of 2023. California was ranked ninth in highest among U.S. states and territories for FAFSA completion, a position that has nonetheless improved in the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"High school seniors' FAFSA completions in 2024\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Uon0q\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/vX50o/6/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NCAN measured FAFSA completion data rather than just submissions, meaning the application has been submitted \u003cem>and \u003c/em>not sent back to the student for any corrections. The nonprofit’s data comes from the U.S. Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid office and includes both public and private high schools. As it continues to report the submission numbers that are still coming in, NCAN also mounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/DoTheFAFSA\">a social campaign to highlight the national FAFSA statistics lagging\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill DeBaun, NCAN’s senior director, said the submission data “really raises the question about how many students actually started the application but didn’t finish, because of the glitches in the application — or because of whatever complication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s applying for financial aid — and who’s not?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NCAN’s data also reveals demographic disparities in who’s applying for financial aid in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income schools, defined as schools where at least half of the students are qualified for free or reduced-priced lunch, saw a FAFSA completion rate of 47%. This means, over 165,000 lower-income students did not complete the FAFSA this year compared to 2023 — a 15% decrease. By comparison, higher-income schools saw a 56% completion rate among their students and a 13% decrease from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data is similar when examining completions among students of color in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than half of seniors in “high-minority” schools (which NCAN defines as enrolling 40% or more Black and/or Hispanic students) completed the FAFSA for 2024 — a 15% drop in this same group from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, a higher percentage of seniors in “low-minority schools” — 56% — completed the FAFSA this year, with a smaller decrease of 12% in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring the relative levels of FAFSA completion matters, DeBaun said, because the numbers give an idea of how many young people intend to enroll in college in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we see FAFSA completion go up, we see immediate college enrollment also go up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For mixed-status students, a particular burden\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As school counselors like Piedmont Hills’ Jill Shoopman can attest, applying to the FAFSA is already a dreaded process for most high school seniors who aim to attend postsecondary institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">the bungled rollout\u003c/a> had Shoopman fearing that many high school students would give up trying to complete the form entirely and miss out on aid they could be qualified for, especially those who need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many in similar positions, Shoopman saw the particular impact on students from California’s mixed-status families. Mixed-status students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">found themselves blocked from completing the FAFSA application\u003c/a> if one of their parents didn’t have a Social Security number due to their immigration status. Shoopman recalled how one of her favorite students, a senior from a mixed-status family, would stop by her office each week to anxiously ask, “Is there a fix? Is there a fix?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She understands, even at her young age, how important this is,” Shoopman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counselors, high schools and college-prep organizations say \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">the delayed rollout of the relaunched FAFSA\u003c/a> — a revamp intended to streamline and simplify the process for students — was no big surprise. Further complicating the process were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63005/exclusive-the-education-department-says-it-will-fix-its-1-8-billion-fafsa-mistake\">glitches \u003c/a>with Social Security numbers and instances where students could not create accounts entirely, which created real panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application launched on Dec. 30, 2023, but students from mixed-status families could only complete the application starting March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t know how they didn’t anticipate that [mixed-status families not being able to apply] was going to be a concern,” Shoopman said — especially in a state like California, where \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families?breakdown=by-age-group\">20% of Californians under 18 are either undocumented or living with undocumented family members\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Families, support staff and schools under pressure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For David Alvarez, the director of college readiness and success at Alpha Public Schools in San José, it was “the worst financial aid application season that I’ve ever experienced” in his 15 years in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that us as a team, as well as fellow educators, tried our absolute best to improve completion rates from years to the next,” Alvarez said. “But the system [this year] didn’t really allow for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez’s school has a large number of first-generation and Latino students, he explained. In preparation for the application season, the school prepared FAFSA workshops and early morning hours for seniors to work on their application to provide specialized attention to students — trying to work around the complications of the form.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During those workshops, Alvarez managed the growing frustrations of students and their parents. He said some had taken time off work to attend a workshop and faced unanswered questions exacerbated by FAFSA glitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience has become a nightmare when you realize that applications weren’t working properly, that you didn’t always have the answers when you were troubleshooting things … and that created a lot of distrust from students and parents,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, they might see it as, ‘Hey, you don’t have the answers. You might be incompetent. You don’t know what you’re talking about,’” Alvarez said. “And the reality is: It’s so much bigger than us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community is losing out on both the time and the money that, let’s be real, we didn’t really have in the first place to begin with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oftentimes, students would question the purpose of even doing the application, Alvarez said. Some four-year eligible students instead planned to go to community college, potentially overloading the community college system, which is unsure who will be attending in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a delay in FAFSA, it delayed the ability for schools to present financial aid award letters,” Alvarez said. The FAFSA delays also delayed schools’ ability to present financial aid award letters, Alvarez said — meaning that “ultimately, students and parents can’t confidently select the institution that they want to go to — because they’re just unaware of how much money they will receive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many states extended their college application deadlines, this led to institutions not knowing who would attend their school in the fall. According to DeBaun, this impacts course schedules, staffing and residential halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a limit to how far back institutions can push these deadlines and still be prepared to receive students for the fall semester,” he said. Shoopman also said it can keep students on college waitlists in limbo as others consider if they can afford to enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For students in California, or anywhere in America right now, we should be concerned about what full enrollment would look like based on the FAFSA completion declines that we’re seeing,” DeBaun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Examining the reasons behind FAFSA declines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One factor to consider in this year’s sharp fall in FAFSA submissions is the record number of applications the state saw last year, according to California State Aid Commission (CSAC) spokesperson Shelveen Ratnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, the agency’s widespread \u003ca href=\"https://campussuite-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/1558523/0672826e-a84b-11e7-9779-0ae3e1d9783c/2627890/325d1d6e-1cfb-11ee-b757-02b0137163b1/file/all_in_for_fafsa_ca_dream_act_fact_sheet.pdf\">“All in for FAFSA/CA Dream” campaign\u003c/a> promoted awareness of FAFSA, encouraging California high schools to have all students fill out an application or actively opt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every state that also implemented this policy, California saw a large jump in FAFSA completion numbers last year, DeBaun said. By September 2023, 62% of the class of 2023 had completed the FAFSA — compared to 58% of the class of 2022 in the same period that year.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>States that have traditionally done well with FAFSA completion, like California and Texas, are also seeing major drops this year, DeBaun said. However, for him, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fafsa\">the delay in this year’s FAFSA application\u003c/a> is at least partly responsible for these marked decreases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it this way: Every day, [successful states] are relatively more effective at getting more students to complete a FAFSA than their peers,” DeBaun said. “So when you take 90 days out of the FAFSA cycle … every single one of those days, relatively speaking, costs that state more in terms of FAFSA completion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The class of 2024 [has] just had a much smaller window in which to complete the FAFSA,” DeBaun said — and all the while — “the fall semester isn’t getting pushed back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ratnam described the trend in data — and the technical difficulties that students faced — as “definitely alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Financial aid is] one of the most important things that students or families think about when it comes to deciding if they want to pursue higher education,” Ratnam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Alvarez noted that FAFSA submission numbers have increased in the last weeks, likely helped by the fact that the previous glitches with the form had been fixed, he said that distrust of the process among students and their families is still noticeable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this winter’s initial FAFSA errors might have been resolved, “tell that to someone who’s come to the high school five, six, seven, eight times already,” Alvarez said. “And that’s really what we’re facing: Just re-energizing the students and the parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As difficult as it is, it has long-term impacts, and we want to see the light at the end of the tunnel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do students still have time to apply?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the May 2 deadline for in-state aid has passed, CSAC is encouraging students to still apply to the FAFSA to see if they qualify for other types of financial aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/cal-grant-community-college-entitlement-award\">Cal Grant Community College Entitlement Award FAFSA application\u003c/a> is due on Sept. 2\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said the FAFSA is often the first college-related struggle students face. But he tells his students to apply for financial aid to keep the door open to college enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to parents, Alvarez said his message on the importance of financial aid’s role in getting a student to college often comes when their children are graduating: “They’re literally transcending their circumstances; they’re narrowing that achievement gap,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re breaking barriers for their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "After Months-Long Coma, This Latino Immigrant Worker Is Still Fighting Mysterious Long COVID Symptoms",
"headTitle": "After Months-Long Coma, This Latino Immigrant Worker Is Still Fighting Mysterious Long COVID Symptoms | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a bilingual publication that documents and amplifies the voices of San Francisco’s Latinx communities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar rarely worried about his health. As a construction worker, he had enough gigs to earn more than $500 a week under the table, allowing him to rent a studio for $600 a month with two other Latinx construction workers in San Francisco’s Mission District. Despite working nearly full-time, he was barely able to make ends meet. So, when the pandemic hit, Varilla-Aguilar continued working. He got critically sick in December 2020. To this day, Varilla-Aguilar still wonders whether he got COVID-19 on the job or at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, it landed him in a coma — for more than three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a difficult time,” said his sister, Araceli Aguilar-Perez. “To see him like that, it affected me a lot,” Aguilar-Perez said the doctors recommended disconnecting Varilla-Aguilar from the ventilator after two months. The family refused. Hoping for a miracle, Aguilar-Perez talked to her unconscious brother through a hospital monitor via Zoom calls every week. Then, in March 2021, Varilla-Aguilar woke up. “When I opened my eyes, it felt like a few days [had passed],” Varilla-Aguilar said. “But they told me it had been three months … It was a shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986483\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man puts on an oxygen mask at home.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, puts on the oxygen ventilator he uses every night in San Francisco on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, more than three years after he was discharged from the hospital, Varilla-Aguilar still depends on the oxygen respirator next to his bed. He has since moved out from his shared Mission District studio and lives in Sunnydale in a shared home with other Latinx workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his housemates are among the community that COVID-19 hit the hardest in San Francisco: immigrants, especially those working unprotected essential jobs. As the devastating impact of \u003ca href=\"https://ldi.upenn.edu/our-work/research-updates/a-health-equity-voice-from-san-franciscos-latino-covid-pandemic/\">COVID-19 in Latinx communities\u003c/a> in the Mission District and Bayview is increasingly documented, the lingering, and sometimes extreme, symptoms of infection are much less understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after being discharged from the hospital, Varilla-Aguilar noticed his vision was going blurry while waiting at a bus stop. Within four hours, his left eye went permanently blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986484\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986484\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latinx couple, a woman seated and a man standing with his right arm around her as they both look at the camera in their home kitchen with a refrigerator behind them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1536x1015.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1920x1269.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siblings Araceli Aguilar-Perez (left) and Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar inside Aguilar-Perez’s home in San Francisco on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[COVID] can cause many things, one of them being thrombosis,” said Dr. Hector Bonilla, a clinical infectious disease expert and associate professor at Stanford University. According to\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123679/\"> medical research\u003c/a>, critically ill COVID-19 patients like Varilla-Aguilar are especially at risk for severe health outcomes like thrombosis or blood clots. “It can happen any place [in the body],” Bonilla said. “Maybe this can explain what happened in the eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined with his deteriorated eyesight, Varilla-Aguilar also endures fatigue, brain fog and depression, which are among the more common symptoms cited by people who experience long COVID. He said he also never fully recovered the strength he lost during his monthslong coma despite a year in physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have the strength that I used to, and I run out of breath when I try,” Varilla-Aguilar said. “So it’s hard finding steady work.” Despite his physical weaknesses, he continues to take on physically demanding jobs like landscaping and, on occasion, roofing gigs. “I have no choice. I need to pay the rent. If I don’t do it, who else is going to help me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 46-year-old, doctors have not been able to determine why COVID-19 took an extreme toll on his health. Instead, doctors have prescribed him several prescription pills to help reduce some of his ongoing symptoms. Still, he believes this hasn’t been enough and that the cost of medication is expensive. His experience is one faced by millions of long COVID patients across the country as researchers continue to look for the underlying causes of the mysterious symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986481\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986481\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man gestures during a presentation as he talks into a microphone.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, shares his experience with mysterious symptoms during a ‘Somos Remedios’ event inside the Latino Task Force building in the Mission District in San Francisco on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986486\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-800x263.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1020x335.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1536x504.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-2048x673.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1920x631.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: (From left) Rosario Ortegón, Martin Rodríguez, and Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar bag fresh produce during a ‘Somos Remedios’ event at the Latino Task Force building in the Mission District in San Francisco on Jan. 13, 2024. Right: Herbs and remedies on display at a ‘Somos Remedios’ event. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amid medical uncertainty, Varilla-Aguilar, like other sufferers of long COVID, has turned elsewhere for solutions. Previously skeptical of alternative medicine, Varilla-Aguilar agreed to his sister’s “baño de pies” after months of coping with numbness in his feet. The foot bath was infused with herbs like Santa Maria, rue, rose buds and eucalyptus, which his sister blended into a bucket of hot water. The effort was meant to reduce stress and inflammation. After a few treatments, he said he was shocked to have gained back sensations in his feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Varilla-Aguilar has used and advocated for natural remedies rooted in Indigenous practice, including the consumption of teas, herbs, and whole foods. He is also a member of “Somos Remedios,” a Mission-based grassroots research group that documents Latinx solutions to treating long COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Varilla-Aguilar now prioritizes his health, he admits that he will never be the same again. “Every day, there is an effort to live, to work, and to have enough money to eat,” Varilla-Aguilar said. “I found [strength] within myself, [when] there was nowhere else to find it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986485\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man outside of his house, photographed from inside the house, with a car parked on the street outside his house.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1536x1015.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1920x1269.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, steps outside of his sister’s home in San Francisco on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/long-covid-latino-immigrant-worker/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote’s original version of the story can be found here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Construction worker Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar is still fighting mysterious symptoms after emerging from a 3-month coma and going blind in his left eye. His experience is just one example of the devastating impact that COVID continues to have on Latinx communities in San Francisco.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a bilingual publication that documents and amplifies the voices of San Francisco’s Latinx communities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar rarely worried about his health. As a construction worker, he had enough gigs to earn more than $500 a week under the table, allowing him to rent a studio for $600 a month with two other Latinx construction workers in San Francisco’s Mission District. Despite working nearly full-time, he was barely able to make ends meet. So, when the pandemic hit, Varilla-Aguilar continued working. He got critically sick in December 2020. To this day, Varilla-Aguilar still wonders whether he got COVID-19 on the job or at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, it landed him in a coma — for more than three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a difficult time,” said his sister, Araceli Aguilar-Perez. “To see him like that, it affected me a lot,” Aguilar-Perez said the doctors recommended disconnecting Varilla-Aguilar from the ventilator after two months. The family refused. Hoping for a miracle, Aguilar-Perez talked to her unconscious brother through a hospital monitor via Zoom calls every week. Then, in March 2021, Varilla-Aguilar woke up. “When I opened my eyes, it felt like a few days [had passed],” Varilla-Aguilar said. “But they told me it had been three months … It was a shock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986483\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man puts on an oxygen mask at home.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-16-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, puts on the oxygen ventilator he uses every night in San Francisco on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, more than three years after he was discharged from the hospital, Varilla-Aguilar still depends on the oxygen respirator next to his bed. He has since moved out from his shared Mission District studio and lives in Sunnydale in a shared home with other Latinx workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his housemates are among the community that COVID-19 hit the hardest in San Francisco: immigrants, especially those working unprotected essential jobs. As the devastating impact of \u003ca href=\"https://ldi.upenn.edu/our-work/research-updates/a-health-equity-voice-from-san-franciscos-latino-covid-pandemic/\">COVID-19 in Latinx communities\u003c/a> in the Mission District and Bayview is increasingly documented, the lingering, and sometimes extreme, symptoms of infection are much less understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after being discharged from the hospital, Varilla-Aguilar noticed his vision was going blurry while waiting at a bus stop. Within four hours, his left eye went permanently blind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986484\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986484\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latinx couple, a woman seated and a man standing with his right arm around her as they both look at the camera in their home kitchen with a refrigerator behind them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1536x1015.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-33-KQED-1920x1269.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siblings Araceli Aguilar-Perez (left) and Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar inside Aguilar-Perez’s home in San Francisco on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[COVID] can cause many things, one of them being thrombosis,” said Dr. Hector Bonilla, a clinical infectious disease expert and associate professor at Stanford University. According to\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123679/\"> medical research\u003c/a>, critically ill COVID-19 patients like Varilla-Aguilar are especially at risk for severe health outcomes like thrombosis or blood clots. “It can happen any place [in the body],” Bonilla said. “Maybe this can explain what happened in the eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined with his deteriorated eyesight, Varilla-Aguilar also endures fatigue, brain fog and depression, which are among the more common symptoms cited by people who experience long COVID. He said he also never fully recovered the strength he lost during his monthslong coma despite a year in physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have the strength that I used to, and I run out of breath when I try,” Varilla-Aguilar said. “So it’s hard finding steady work.” Despite his physical weaknesses, he continues to take on physically demanding jobs like landscaping and, on occasion, roofing gigs. “I have no choice. I need to pay the rent. If I don’t do it, who else is going to help me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 46-year-old, doctors have not been able to determine why COVID-19 took an extreme toll on his health. Instead, doctors have prescribed him several prescription pills to help reduce some of his ongoing symptoms. Still, he believes this hasn’t been enough and that the cost of medication is expensive. His experience is one faced by millions of long COVID patients across the country as researchers continue to look for the underlying causes of the mysterious symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986481\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986481\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man gestures during a presentation as he talks into a microphone.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-8-KQED-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, shares his experience with mysterious symptoms during a ‘Somos Remedios’ event inside the Latino Task Force building in the Mission District in San Francisco on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986486\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-800x263.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1020x335.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1536x504.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-2048x673.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-DYPTICH-KQED-1920x631.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: (From left) Rosario Ortegón, Martin Rodríguez, and Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar bag fresh produce during a ‘Somos Remedios’ event at the Latino Task Force building in the Mission District in San Francisco on Jan. 13, 2024. Right: Herbs and remedies on display at a ‘Somos Remedios’ event. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amid medical uncertainty, Varilla-Aguilar, like other sufferers of long COVID, has turned elsewhere for solutions. Previously skeptical of alternative medicine, Varilla-Aguilar agreed to his sister’s “baño de pies” after months of coping with numbness in his feet. The foot bath was infused with herbs like Santa Maria, rue, rose buds and eucalyptus, which his sister blended into a bucket of hot water. The effort was meant to reduce stress and inflammation. After a few treatments, he said he was shocked to have gained back sensations in his feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Varilla-Aguilar has used and advocated for natural remedies rooted in Indigenous practice, including the consumption of teas, herbs, and whole foods. He is also a member of “Somos Remedios,” a Mission-based grassroots research group that documents Latinx solutions to treating long COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Varilla-Aguilar now prioritizes his health, he admits that he will never be the same again. “Every day, there is an effort to live, to work, and to have enough money to eat,” Varilla-Aguilar said. “I found [strength] within myself, [when] there was nowhere else to find it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986485\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged Latino man outside of his house, photographed from inside the house, with a car parked on the street outside his house.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1536x1015.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/FEBMAY2024-LONGCOVID-ET-PU-34-KQED-1920x1269.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osbaldo Varilla-Aguilar, 46, steps outside of his sister’s home in San Francisco on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/long-covid-latino-immigrant-worker/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote’s original version of the story can be found here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "political-football-future-uncertain-for-program-reuniting-migrant-families",
"title": "'Political Football:' Future Uncertain for Program Reuniting Migrant Families",
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"headTitle": "‘Political Football:’ Future Uncertain for Program Reuniting Migrant Families | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In her driveway in East Palo Alto, Norma Lima watched her two boys zip around on their scooters in the spring sunshine. After years of separation from her younger son, it gave her a thrill to see Diego, 6, playing with his 10-year-old brother José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lima used to be a police officer in her native El Salvador. But in 2019, facing death threats from an organized criminal gang, she fled and sought asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border. Knowing she couldn’t manage the dangerous journey from El Salvador to the U.S. with two young children, she took only José with her. She left Diego, still in diapers, with his grandmother, not knowing how they’d ever reunite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, last fall, Diego was approved to come join her in the U.S. with refugee status under something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/CAM\">the Central American Minors program (CAM)\u003c/a>. In September, he boarded a plane in San Salvador, and Lima met him at San Francisco International Airport with their first hug in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so immense,” Lima said. “I’ll be forever grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when thousands of unaccompanied children are showing up at the U.S.-Mexico border every month, the Biden administration has been trying to build an alternative pathway through CAM. But just as the program, which started under President Barack Obama, has gotten reestablished, supporters and critics alike question whether it will survive this year’s presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the Central American Minors program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CAM program was created in 2014 during the Obama administration when the number of children traveling alone into the U.S. first spiked. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children/fy-2014\">then-record 68,000 unaccompanied kids\u003c/a> arrived at the border that year, most from the tumultuous countries of Central America’s “Northern Triangle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to let parents who were already lawfully in the U.S. bring the children they had left behind in Guatemala, Honduras or El Salvador through a safe, legal pathway, as well as certain adult siblings and caretakers with them. This, the administration hoped, would deter desperate parents from putting their kids into the hands of smugglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/05/16/political-football-future-uncertain-for-program-reuniting-migrant-families/flood-of-migrants-overwhelms-arizona-border-crossings/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11986452\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"a line of kids outside in the desert\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Immigrant children await transport from the U.S.-Mexico border in December 2023. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, the history of the program has been rocky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the final two years of the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/relaunching-central-american-minors-program\">more than 6,000 CAM applications were approved\u003c/a>. However, soon after Donald Trump became president, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1AW2OY/\">he ended the program\u003c/a> as part of a broad crackdown on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2021, President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/restarting-the-central-american-minors-program/\">brought it back\u003c/a>, saying CAM “reflects our values as a nation” by protecting vulnerable children. It was also part of a comprehensive approach to managing the current surge of migration in the Americas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many kids have come through CAM since the program restarted because the government has not been forthcoming with data. But the number must be tiny when compared to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-land-border-encounters\">the 137,000 unaccompanied minors\u003c/a> encountered at the border last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the U.S. State Department said more than 800 people have come into the U.S. as refugees under CAM since 2021. In addition, those who don’t qualify for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-and-asylum/refugees/refugee-eligibility-determination\">refugee status\u003c/a> (which offers legal permanent residence and eventual citizenship) are considered for a temporary status called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/humanitarian_parole\">humanitarian parole\u003c/a>. Advocates estimate that roughly twice as many people are approved for parole as refugee status. However, the agency that handles parole, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, declined KQED’s request for data on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lucky and the not-so-lucky\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Diego and José chased each other around the driveway, Lima stood on her porch and spoke in a hushed voice about the death threats that led her to leave her toddler behind in El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her city, \u003ca href=\"https://insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organized-crime-news/santa-ana-el-salvador/\">Santa Ana, was dominated by gangs\u003c/a>, and her work as a police officer made her a target. After a warning from colleagues, she said, she began moving where she slept — at the police station, at her parents’ home — but gang members tracked her down and threatened her directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she said, she turned in her badge and her uniform, scraped together money for a smuggler, and prepared for a risky journey to reach her sister in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew if I had to run, my older boy could run with me. But I couldn’t carry one in my arms and hold the other by the hand,” she said. “It was the hardest decision I’ve ever made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Norma Lima\"]‘I knew if I had to run, my older boy could run with me. But I couldn’t carry one in my arms and hold the other by the hand.’[/pullquote]Lima got to the U.S. border with José, passed an initial asylum screening and moved in with her sister in East Palo Alto. After six months, she qualified for a work permit and began delivering pizzas, then waitressing, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José was thriving in school and learning English, Lima said, but without Diego, she fell into a depression. Then, a friend showed her a YouTube video about the Central American Minors program. She jotted down the phone number and called the next morning. She applied in November of 2022, and 10 months later, she met Diego at the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was incredibly fast,” she said. “I still can’t believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parents have not been so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elda Coreas, a construction worker in Virginia, applied to the CAM program in 2016 to bring her son from El Salvador. She said she had left him with family as a little boy years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coreas’s son, Ricardo, was approved for parole. She paid for his plane ticket, and he packed his bag, she said. Then, in 2017, President Trump abruptly shut the program down. An official called and told her Ricardo could not come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt as if the sky had fallen,” Coreas said. “I didn’t know how to tell him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the International Refugee Assistance Program sued the Trump administration on behalf of families like hers. And in 2019, a judge ordered the government to admit the more than 2,800 people, including Ricardo, who had already been approved when CAM was terminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, 1,769 of them have arrived in the U.S., and just 107 cases remain pending, though hundreds of others have simply been closed, \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ECF-124-20th-Quarterly-Report.pdf\">according to a court-ordered update last month (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Coreas’s case was reopened. Though Ricardo is now an adult with a degree in computer engineering, he was still eligible to join her, and he again went through interviews, background checks and a physical exam. Coreas said last November officials told her Ricardo was qualified and that they would notify him of his travel date. But she said they’ve heard nothing since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many years of waiting,” she said. “They give you hope, then they take it away. They’re treating us as if we were toys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Méndez with the International Rescue Committee, which is assisting Coreas with her case, said it’s unclear what’s causing the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A political football’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates said the relaunch of the CAM program has been slowed by the fact that refugee resettlement agencies, which assist parents in filing applications, are only now rebuilding after losing funding and staff when Trump drastically cut the U.S. refugee program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other issue, after so much political back-and-forth, has simply been getting the word out that the program exists — and convincing parents that applying is worth their trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, a lot of folks who are now eligible may not even be aware that the program exists,” said Michelle Villegas, an attorney with Kids in Need of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villegas’ organization received a grant from the U.S. State Department to raise awareness of CAM through outreach to legal service providers, schools, clinics and churches in the U.S. and in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge she said she faces is rebuilding trust with those who do know about CAM because the program has had so many stops and starts. She said word travels about cases like Coreas’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, it’s the reality that many immigration policies are political footballs,” Villegas said. “And CAM is one of these programs that is affected by the policies of different administrations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villegas and other supporters believe that, given time and consistency, the CAM program could grow to be a humane and effective tool for making a dent in illegal border crossings. However, political football is still being tossed about, and what will happen in the future is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with a global migration crisis and record numbers of migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border, Biden has used parole programs liberally. However, parole — including through CAM — has become increasingly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a campaign video, Trump said that, if elected, he would “\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/agenda47/agenda47-no-welfare-for-illegal-aliens\">stop the outrageous abuse of parole authority.\u003c/a>” His press secretary wouldn’t say whether Trump would terminate CAM a second time, but advocates on both the right and the left believe he would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C., which advocates for reducing immigration, expects Trump would end CAM because, he said, its parole provisions overstep presidential power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parole is supposed to be a narrow emergency power. And this administration, in particular, has used it as a kind of blank check,” he said. “The CAM program, regardless of whom it benefits, is illegitimate in itself. Now, Congress could create a program like that if they wanted to, but they didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the CAM program is also being challenged \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/March-14-2022-Amended-Complaint.pdf\">in a lawsuit brought by the attorneys general of Texas and other Republican-led states (PDF)\u003c/a>. Lawyers for parents who’ve intervened in the suit have \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ECF-124-Defendant-Intervenors-MTD-1.pdf\">asked the federal judge to dismiss the case (PDF)\u003c/a>, saying the states don’t have standing to challenge the program. The judge heard that argument in January and could rule at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannah Flamm, a policy counsel with the International Refugee Assistance Program, said the migrant journey across Mexico remains extremely dangerous, so lawful pathways for kids are crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many of these families, there is no alternative,” she said. “So maintaining and improving the Central American Minors program is the only way that the United States can offer a meaningful alternative to the dangerous journey that many children undertake… due to their circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/norma-lima-and-her-son-diego-6-in-menlo-park-on-apr-28-2024-2/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984330\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"woman pushes a kid in a swing\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Norma Lima and her son Diego, 6, in Menlo Park. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A safe alternative\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Norma Lima didn’t want to risk her little boy’s life with a smuggler, yet the separation was unbearable. So, she has nothing but gratitude that Diego could come to her safely through CAM. Getting reacquainted after four years apart took a little time — she said at first, she didn’t even know what foods her son liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now she can see a future for her children to grow up without fear. She recently won her asylum case, which means they are all on a path to U.S. citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud they can grow up here,” she said. “And I’m committed to raising them to respect authority and the values of this country that has opened its doors and helped us so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lima said bedtime is the time when her heart is fullest because now she can kiss both of her boys goodnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In her driveway in East Palo Alto, Norma Lima watched her two boys zip around on their scooters in the spring sunshine. After years of separation from her younger son, it gave her a thrill to see Diego, 6, playing with his 10-year-old brother José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lima used to be a police officer in her native El Salvador. But in 2019, facing death threats from an organized criminal gang, she fled and sought asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border. Knowing she couldn’t manage the dangerous journey from El Salvador to the U.S. with two young children, she took only José with her. She left Diego, still in diapers, with his grandmother, not knowing how they’d ever reunite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, last fall, Diego was approved to come join her in the U.S. with refugee status under something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/CAM\">the Central American Minors program (CAM)\u003c/a>. In September, he boarded a plane in San Salvador, and Lima met him at San Francisco International Airport with their first hug in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so immense,” Lima said. “I’ll be forever grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when thousands of unaccompanied children are showing up at the U.S.-Mexico border every month, the Biden administration has been trying to build an alternative pathway through CAM. But just as the program, which started under President Barack Obama, has gotten reestablished, supporters and critics alike question whether it will survive this year’s presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the Central American Minors program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CAM program was created in 2014 during the Obama administration when the number of children traveling alone into the U.S. first spiked. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children/fy-2014\">then-record 68,000 unaccompanied kids\u003c/a> arrived at the border that year, most from the tumultuous countries of Central America’s “Northern Triangle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to let parents who were already lawfully in the U.S. bring the children they had left behind in Guatemala, Honduras or El Salvador through a safe, legal pathway, as well as certain adult siblings and caretakers with them. This, the administration hoped, would deter desperate parents from putting their kids into the hands of smugglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/05/16/political-football-future-uncertain-for-program-reuniting-migrant-families/flood-of-migrants-overwhelms-arizona-border-crossings/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11986452\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986452\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"a line of kids outside in the desert\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-1838184632-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Immigrant children await transport from the U.S.-Mexico border in December 2023. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, the history of the program has been rocky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the final two years of the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/relaunching-central-american-minors-program\">more than 6,000 CAM applications were approved\u003c/a>. However, soon after Donald Trump became president, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1AW2OY/\">he ended the program\u003c/a> as part of a broad crackdown on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2021, President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/restarting-the-central-american-minors-program/\">brought it back\u003c/a>, saying CAM “reflects our values as a nation” by protecting vulnerable children. It was also part of a comprehensive approach to managing the current surge of migration in the Americas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many kids have come through CAM since the program restarted because the government has not been forthcoming with data. But the number must be tiny when compared to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-land-border-encounters\">the 137,000 unaccompanied minors\u003c/a> encountered at the border last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the U.S. State Department said more than 800 people have come into the U.S. as refugees under CAM since 2021. In addition, those who don’t qualify for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-and-asylum/refugees/refugee-eligibility-determination\">refugee status\u003c/a> (which offers legal permanent residence and eventual citizenship) are considered for a temporary status called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/humanitarian_parole\">humanitarian parole\u003c/a>. Advocates estimate that roughly twice as many people are approved for parole as refugee status. However, the agency that handles parole, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, declined KQED’s request for data on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lucky and the not-so-lucky\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Diego and José chased each other around the driveway, Lima stood on her porch and spoke in a hushed voice about the death threats that led her to leave her toddler behind in El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her city, \u003ca href=\"https://insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organized-crime-news/santa-ana-el-salvador/\">Santa Ana, was dominated by gangs\u003c/a>, and her work as a police officer made her a target. After a warning from colleagues, she said, she began moving where she slept — at the police station, at her parents’ home — but gang members tracked her down and threatened her directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she said, she turned in her badge and her uniform, scraped together money for a smuggler, and prepared for a risky journey to reach her sister in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew if I had to run, my older boy could run with me. But I couldn’t carry one in my arms and hold the other by the hand,” she said. “It was the hardest decision I’ve ever made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lima got to the U.S. border with José, passed an initial asylum screening and moved in with her sister in East Palo Alto. After six months, she qualified for a work permit and began delivering pizzas, then waitressing, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José was thriving in school and learning English, Lima said, but without Diego, she fell into a depression. Then, a friend showed her a YouTube video about the Central American Minors program. She jotted down the phone number and called the next morning. She applied in November of 2022, and 10 months later, she met Diego at the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was incredibly fast,” she said. “I still can’t believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parents have not been so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elda Coreas, a construction worker in Virginia, applied to the CAM program in 2016 to bring her son from El Salvador. She said she had left him with family as a little boy years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coreas’s son, Ricardo, was approved for parole. She paid for his plane ticket, and he packed his bag, she said. Then, in 2017, President Trump abruptly shut the program down. An official called and told her Ricardo could not come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt as if the sky had fallen,” Coreas said. “I didn’t know how to tell him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the International Refugee Assistance Program sued the Trump administration on behalf of families like hers. And in 2019, a judge ordered the government to admit the more than 2,800 people, including Ricardo, who had already been approved when CAM was terminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, 1,769 of them have arrived in the U.S., and just 107 cases remain pending, though hundreds of others have simply been closed, \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ECF-124-20th-Quarterly-Report.pdf\">according to a court-ordered update last month (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Coreas’s case was reopened. Though Ricardo is now an adult with a degree in computer engineering, he was still eligible to join her, and he again went through interviews, background checks and a physical exam. Coreas said last November officials told her Ricardo was qualified and that they would notify him of his travel date. But she said they’ve heard nothing since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many years of waiting,” she said. “They give you hope, then they take it away. They’re treating us as if we were toys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Méndez with the International Rescue Committee, which is assisting Coreas with her case, said it’s unclear what’s causing the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A political football’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates said the relaunch of the CAM program has been slowed by the fact that refugee resettlement agencies, which assist parents in filing applications, are only now rebuilding after losing funding and staff when Trump drastically cut the U.S. refugee program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other issue, after so much political back-and-forth, has simply been getting the word out that the program exists — and convincing parents that applying is worth their trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, a lot of folks who are now eligible may not even be aware that the program exists,” said Michelle Villegas, an attorney with Kids in Need of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villegas’ organization received a grant from the U.S. State Department to raise awareness of CAM through outreach to legal service providers, schools, clinics and churches in the U.S. and in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge she said she faces is rebuilding trust with those who do know about CAM because the program has had so many stops and starts. She said word travels about cases like Coreas’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, it’s the reality that many immigration policies are political footballs,” Villegas said. “And CAM is one of these programs that is affected by the policies of different administrations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villegas and other supporters believe that, given time and consistency, the CAM program could grow to be a humane and effective tool for making a dent in illegal border crossings. However, political football is still being tossed about, and what will happen in the future is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with a global migration crisis and record numbers of migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border, Biden has used parole programs liberally. However, parole — including through CAM — has become increasingly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a campaign video, Trump said that, if elected, he would “\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/agenda47/agenda47-no-welfare-for-illegal-aliens\">stop the outrageous abuse of parole authority.\u003c/a>” His press secretary wouldn’t say whether Trump would terminate CAM a second time, but advocates on both the right and the left believe he would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C., which advocates for reducing immigration, expects Trump would end CAM because, he said, its parole provisions overstep presidential power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parole is supposed to be a narrow emergency power. And this administration, in particular, has used it as a kind of blank check,” he said. “The CAM program, regardless of whom it benefits, is illegitimate in itself. Now, Congress could create a program like that if they wanted to, but they didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the CAM program is also being challenged \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/March-14-2022-Amended-Complaint.pdf\">in a lawsuit brought by the attorneys general of Texas and other Republican-led states (PDF)\u003c/a>. Lawyers for parents who’ve intervened in the suit have \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ECF-124-Defendant-Intervenors-MTD-1.pdf\">asked the federal judge to dismiss the case (PDF)\u003c/a>, saying the states don’t have standing to challenge the program. The judge heard that argument in January and could rule at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannah Flamm, a policy counsel with the International Refugee Assistance Program, said the migrant journey across Mexico remains extremely dangerous, so lawful pathways for kids are crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many of these families, there is no alternative,” she said. “So maintaining and improving the Central American Minors program is the only way that the United States can offer a meaningful alternative to the dangerous journey that many children undertake… due to their circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/norma-lima-and-her-son-diego-6-in-menlo-park-on-apr-28-2024-2/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984330\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"woman pushes a kid in a swing\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-CENTRAL-AMERICAN-MINORS-MD-08-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Norma Lima and her son Diego, 6, in Menlo Park. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A safe alternative\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Norma Lima didn’t want to risk her little boy’s life with a smuggler, yet the separation was unbearable. So, she has nothing but gratitude that Diego could come to her safely through CAM. Getting reacquainted after four years apart took a little time — she said at first, she didn’t even know what foods her son liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now she can see a future for her children to grow up without fear. She recently won her asylum case, which means they are all on a path to U.S. citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud they can grow up here,” she said. “And I’m committed to raising them to respect authority and the values of this country that has opened its doors and helped us so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lima said bedtime is the time when her heart is fullest because now she can kiss both of her boys goodnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Half Moon Bay planning commissioners approved a new apartment building for low-income senior farmworkers on Tuesday night, following a protracted debate that drew a strongly worded \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985585/newsom-threatens-half-moon-bay-with-legal-action-over-delays-in-approving-farmworker-housing\">threat of legal action from Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> over the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote on the 40-unit affordable housing project, which took on urgency last year after a mass shooting by a disgruntled farmworker revealed workers’ poor living conditions, came near midnight, at the end of a five-hour meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belinda Hernández-Arriaga, the executive director of Ayudando Latinos A Soñar, a community organization serving the immigrant farmworkers of the San Mateo County coast, said she was thankful to the commission for moving the project forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This vote is for one of the most vulnerable community groups,” said Hernández-Arriaga, whose organization, known as ALAS, paired with nonprofit developer Mercy Housing to develop the project proposal. “Hopefully, the next step with the city council will bring us all together to give the farmworkers the housing that they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the project was debated at three different hearings in three weeks, some commissioners and members of the public raised concerns that the five-story building was too tall and out of character with Half Moon Bay’s \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/2615131/11._Public_Comments_05.09.2024_thru_05.10.2024.pdf\">“small-town charm.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/planning-and-community/HAU/Half-Moon-Bay-HAU-919-LOSTA-05102024.pdf\">in a letter\u003c/a> following Newsom’s remarks, the head of the state’s Housing Accountability Unit told commissioners that state law limits their ability to reject affordable housing projects over questions of “character” if they meet local development standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to community concerns about height and density, Mercy Housing told the commission that it was willing to lower the building by a half story and reduce the number of two-bedroom apartments from eight to two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners welcomed those offerings, but several expressed frustration that the building was still larger than the initial four-story proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This seems like a big pill to swallow because it definitely exceeds the scope of what anybody envisioned,” said Commissioner Rick Hernandez, who acknowledged that the state’s housing laws bound them to accept the project. “But we have an obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a disgruntled farmworker shot and killed seven co-workers at two Half Moon Bay mushroom farms last year, Newsom and other elected officials toured the scenes and learned that workers had been living in squalid conditions, without heat or running water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986205\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Half Moon Bay Mayor Joaquin Jimenez speaks at a vigil for victims of the Half Moon Bay mass shooting, which left seven dead and one wounded, in Half Moon Bay on Jan. 27, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local officials moved to find temporary lodging for the 38 survivors, inspect housing on other San Mateo County farms, and invest in critically needed permanent affordable housing for agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County’s $100 million agriculture industry is centered around Half Moon Bay and depends on an estimated 2,000 farmworkers, who typically earn little more than minimum wage. Yet the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985468/map-what-you-need-to-earn-to-afford-a-median-priced-home-in-your-county-in-california\">county’s median home price is over $1.9 million\u003c/a>, the most expensive in California. A 2016 survey found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/housing/agricultural-workforce-housing-needs-assessment\">county needs at least 1,000 units of farmworker housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not new to the coast. We know we need housing. Ten years ago, we knew that,” Half Moon Bay Mayor Joaquín Jiménez said. “We need to provide housing for low-income farm workers. We have to, and we want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='half-moon-bay-shooting']The apartment project, on a city-owned parcel at 555 Kelly Ave., has the support of city staff, who have been working with Mercy Housing and ALAS on plans since 2022. The building will also house a farmworker resource center run by ALAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent memo to the commissioners, Mercy Housing and ALAS staff said that they have secured $8 million in federal, state and local funding for the project, which is expected to cost $42 million, according to Hernández-Arriaga. The planning commission’s approval will now allow them to apply for federal low-income housing tax credits this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It represents a lot of hope,” Hernández-Arriaga said. “For senior farmworkers having housing, living out their lives with dignity, being able to walk to church, to stores and the library. It’s a beautiful opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commission’s vote is appealed, the project will go to the city council for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another Half Moon Bay farmworker housing project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982817/half-moon-bay-prepares-to-break-ground-on-farmworker-housing\">47 manufactured homes for very low-income families\u003c/a>, including those displaced from the mushroom farms — is due to break ground in the coming weeks on another plot of city land and could be ready for move-in early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Half Moon Bay planning commissioners approved a new apartment building for low-income senior farmworkers on Tuesday night, following a protracted debate that drew a strongly worded \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985585/newsom-threatens-half-moon-bay-with-legal-action-over-delays-in-approving-farmworker-housing\">threat of legal action from Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> over the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote on the 40-unit affordable housing project, which took on urgency last year after a mass shooting by a disgruntled farmworker revealed workers’ poor living conditions, came near midnight, at the end of a five-hour meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belinda Hernández-Arriaga, the executive director of Ayudando Latinos A Soñar, a community organization serving the immigrant farmworkers of the San Mateo County coast, said she was thankful to the commission for moving the project forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This vote is for one of the most vulnerable community groups,” said Hernández-Arriaga, whose organization, known as ALAS, paired with nonprofit developer Mercy Housing to develop the project proposal. “Hopefully, the next step with the city council will bring us all together to give the farmworkers the housing that they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the project was debated at three different hearings in three weeks, some commissioners and members of the public raised concerns that the five-story building was too tall and out of character with Half Moon Bay’s \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/2615131/11._Public_Comments_05.09.2024_thru_05.10.2024.pdf\">“small-town charm.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/planning-and-community/HAU/Half-Moon-Bay-HAU-919-LOSTA-05102024.pdf\">in a letter\u003c/a> following Newsom’s remarks, the head of the state’s Housing Accountability Unit told commissioners that state law limits their ability to reject affordable housing projects over questions of “character” if they meet local development standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to community concerns about height and density, Mercy Housing told the commission that it was willing to lower the building by a half story and reduce the number of two-bedroom apartments from eight to two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners welcomed those offerings, but several expressed frustration that the building was still larger than the initial four-story proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This seems like a big pill to swallow because it definitely exceeds the scope of what anybody envisioned,” said Commissioner Rick Hernandez, who acknowledged that the state’s housing laws bound them to accept the project. “But we have an obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a disgruntled farmworker shot and killed seven co-workers at two Half Moon Bay mushroom farms last year, Newsom and other elected officials toured the scenes and learned that workers had been living in squalid conditions, without heat or running water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986205\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/035_KQED_HMBMASSSHOOTINGVIGIL_01272023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Half Moon Bay Mayor Joaquin Jimenez speaks at a vigil for victims of the Half Moon Bay mass shooting, which left seven dead and one wounded, in Half Moon Bay on Jan. 27, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local officials moved to find temporary lodging for the 38 survivors, inspect housing on other San Mateo County farms, and invest in critically needed permanent affordable housing for agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County’s $100 million agriculture industry is centered around Half Moon Bay and depends on an estimated 2,000 farmworkers, who typically earn little more than minimum wage. Yet the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985468/map-what-you-need-to-earn-to-afford-a-median-priced-home-in-your-county-in-california\">county’s median home price is over $1.9 million\u003c/a>, the most expensive in California. A 2016 survey found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/housing/agricultural-workforce-housing-needs-assessment\">county needs at least 1,000 units of farmworker housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not new to the coast. We know we need housing. Ten years ago, we knew that,” Half Moon Bay Mayor Joaquín Jiménez said. “We need to provide housing for low-income farm workers. We have to, and we want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The apartment project, on a city-owned parcel at 555 Kelly Ave., has the support of city staff, who have been working with Mercy Housing and ALAS on plans since 2022. The building will also house a farmworker resource center run by ALAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent memo to the commissioners, Mercy Housing and ALAS staff said that they have secured $8 million in federal, state and local funding for the project, which is expected to cost $42 million, according to Hernández-Arriaga. The planning commission’s approval will now allow them to apply for federal low-income housing tax credits this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It represents a lot of hope,” Hernández-Arriaga said. “For senior farmworkers having housing, living out their lives with dignity, being able to walk to church, to stores and the library. It’s a beautiful opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commission’s vote is appealed, the project will go to the city council for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another Half Moon Bay farmworker housing project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982817/half-moon-bay-prepares-to-break-ground-on-farmworker-housing\">47 manufactured homes for very low-income families\u003c/a>, including those displaced from the mushroom farms — is due to break ground in the coming weeks on another plot of city land and could be ready for move-in early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a meeting room at a hotel in California’s crop-rich Central Valley, a fight is taking place that could help shape the future of farm labor in fields that grow a chunk of the country’s food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle between a unit of the Wonderful Co. — one of the state’s most well-known farm companies that grows pistachios, pomegranates and citrus — and United Farm Workers — the country’s biggest farm worker union — comes after California \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-business-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-d9ec4ee77d9430c4bf8ec7b17b68c3fc\">passed a law\u003c/a> in 2022 aimed at making it easier for agricultural laborers to organize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred workers filed papers this year to unionize at Wonderful Nurseries in Wasco, California, a move the company claimed was fraudulent. The allegations are being heard in proceedings that could uphold the newly formed union or revoke its certification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, farmer and labor advocates are watching closely to determine the new law’s impact in a state where most farmworkers are not organized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four groups of California farmworkers have so far organized under the law, marking the UFW’s first successful attempts at farmworker unionization since 2016, said Elizabeth Strater, the union’s director of strategic campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to see a continued rise in California of farmworker organizing because there is a tremendous need,” Strater said. “Every time there’s a union win in the community, that raises the standard for other employers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers aren’t covered by federal rules for labor organizing in the United States. However, California, which harvests much of the country’s produce, enacted a law and created a special board in 1975 to protect their right to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-business-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-d9ec4ee77d9430c4bf8ec7b17b68c3fc\">The 2022 law lets the workers unionize\u003c/a> by collecting a majority of signatures without holding an election at a polling place — a move proponents said would protect workers from union busting and employers said lacked safeguards to prevent fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom reluctantly approved the changes with a nudge from the White House after farmworkers led a weekslong march to the state Capitol.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']Farmworkers in California are overwhelmingly Latino and among the state’s poorest and most vulnerable residents. Many are seasonal workers, which makes it tough to organize a job site, and many lack legal status in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law could lead to a rise in union influence and a resurgence of the UFW, which represented tens of thousands of farmworkers at its peak but has seen its numbers dwindle, said Christian Paiz, a professor of ethnic studies at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is one of the most dangerous jobs in the country,” Paiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an absurdity to the claim these individuals would say, ‘No, I’m cool, I trust my employer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm industry leaders contend that the lack of a secret ballot makes workers vulnerable to coercion by unions and fraud. They want farmworkers to be able to revoke their signatures if they change their mind about organizing, and they want unions to clarify in writing that a signature essentially constitutes a worker’s vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Little, director of labor policy for the California Farm Bureau Federation, said he expects more union filings under the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our members are very concerned about it,” Little said. “You have a union, and all of a sudden, you have a business partner in effect telling you how to operate your business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clash at Wonderful Nurseries began when a group of workers filed in February to organize over concerns about assignments and scheduling, Strater said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 640-worker unit was certified by the state’s Agricultural Labor Relations Board. But Wonderful filed a complaint saying its workers didn’t want a union and thought cards they signed were to access $600 payments under a federal pandemic relief program the UFW helps administer. The UFW denied it and claimed Wonderful was calling meetings to try to get workers to withdraw their cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is now before the board with an administrative law judge taking testimony from workers during a weekslong hearing that started in person and continues remotely with lawyers sparring over computer screens while farmworkers speak from a Bakersfield meeting room with help from a Spanish interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wonderful Nurseries contends the board has failed to ensure an honest process for the unit’s 60 permanent employees and as many as 1,500 seasonal workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our company’s history of working with agricultural workers is rooted in mutual trust, collaboration, and respect, all of which stands in contrast to the UFW actions,” Rob Yraceburu, president of Wonderful Nurseries, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Agricultural Labor Relations Board had no immediate comment on the case but said the hearing would allow all parties to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push to organize farm labor follows a \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-starbucks-corp-labor-unions-amazoncom-inc-business-1d9ce765edef24211b5160d55b3f9c90\">decadeslong decline in union membership\u003c/a> in the United States. However, public support for unions has recently grown, and the National Labor Relations Board, which governs non-farmworkers’ right to organize, reported the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/unions-membership-rates-uaw-government-a3fc7bc50dd59a89f414230e8837d7e6\">highest number of filings\u003c/a> for union representation in eight years during the 2023 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California companies where farmworkers have organized are much smaller than Wonderful, a $6 billion company founded by Stewart and Lynda Resnick, who have donated to \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-farm-workers-union-endorsement-2024-labor-issues-b3259c0bfaede763c122e53c505ffa82\">President Joe Biden\u003c/a> and Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At DMB Packing, Guadalupe Luna said he signed up to form a union because he previously worked at a unionized farm where he earned 5 cents more for each bucket of tomatoes picked. Now, he said a contract may soon be signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think this year things are going to be better for us,” the 55-year-old said. “We want better pay and benefits; that’s what we’re asking the ranchers for, and they seem willing to negotiate with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In California, a conflict has emerged between the Wonderful Co. and the United Farm Workers over worker organization under a new labor law. Since its enactment, four groups of farm laborers, including those from Wonderful Nurseries in Wasco, have sought to unionize.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a meeting room at a hotel in California’s crop-rich Central Valley, a fight is taking place that could help shape the future of farm labor in fields that grow a chunk of the country’s food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle between a unit of the Wonderful Co. — one of the state’s most well-known farm companies that grows pistachios, pomegranates and citrus — and United Farm Workers — the country’s biggest farm worker union — comes after California \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-business-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-d9ec4ee77d9430c4bf8ec7b17b68c3fc\">passed a law\u003c/a> in 2022 aimed at making it easier for agricultural laborers to organize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred workers filed papers this year to unionize at Wonderful Nurseries in Wasco, California, a move the company claimed was fraudulent. The allegations are being heard in proceedings that could uphold the newly formed union or revoke its certification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, farmer and labor advocates are watching closely to determine the new law’s impact in a state where most farmworkers are not organized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four groups of California farmworkers have so far organized under the law, marking the UFW’s first successful attempts at farmworker unionization since 2016, said Elizabeth Strater, the union’s director of strategic campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to see a continued rise in California of farmworker organizing because there is a tremendous need,” Strater said. “Every time there’s a union win in the community, that raises the standard for other employers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers aren’t covered by federal rules for labor organizing in the United States. However, California, which harvests much of the country’s produce, enacted a law and created a special board in 1975 to protect their right to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-business-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-d9ec4ee77d9430c4bf8ec7b17b68c3fc\">The 2022 law lets the workers unionize\u003c/a> by collecting a majority of signatures without holding an election at a polling place — a move proponents said would protect workers from union busting and employers said lacked safeguards to prevent fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom reluctantly approved the changes with a nudge from the White House after farmworkers led a weekslong march to the state Capitol.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Farmworkers in California are overwhelmingly Latino and among the state’s poorest and most vulnerable residents. Many are seasonal workers, which makes it tough to organize a job site, and many lack legal status in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law could lead to a rise in union influence and a resurgence of the UFW, which represented tens of thousands of farmworkers at its peak but has seen its numbers dwindle, said Christian Paiz, a professor of ethnic studies at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is one of the most dangerous jobs in the country,” Paiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an absurdity to the claim these individuals would say, ‘No, I’m cool, I trust my employer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm industry leaders contend that the lack of a secret ballot makes workers vulnerable to coercion by unions and fraud. They want farmworkers to be able to revoke their signatures if they change their mind about organizing, and they want unions to clarify in writing that a signature essentially constitutes a worker’s vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Little, director of labor policy for the California Farm Bureau Federation, said he expects more union filings under the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our members are very concerned about it,” Little said. “You have a union, and all of a sudden, you have a business partner in effect telling you how to operate your business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clash at Wonderful Nurseries began when a group of workers filed in February to organize over concerns about assignments and scheduling, Strater said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 640-worker unit was certified by the state’s Agricultural Labor Relations Board. But Wonderful filed a complaint saying its workers didn’t want a union and thought cards they signed were to access $600 payments under a federal pandemic relief program the UFW helps administer. The UFW denied it and claimed Wonderful was calling meetings to try to get workers to withdraw their cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is now before the board with an administrative law judge taking testimony from workers during a weekslong hearing that started in person and continues remotely with lawyers sparring over computer screens while farmworkers speak from a Bakersfield meeting room with help from a Spanish interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wonderful Nurseries contends the board has failed to ensure an honest process for the unit’s 60 permanent employees and as many as 1,500 seasonal workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our company’s history of working with agricultural workers is rooted in mutual trust, collaboration, and respect, all of which stands in contrast to the UFW actions,” Rob Yraceburu, president of Wonderful Nurseries, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Agricultural Labor Relations Board had no immediate comment on the case but said the hearing would allow all parties to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push to organize farm labor follows a \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-starbucks-corp-labor-unions-amazoncom-inc-business-1d9ce765edef24211b5160d55b3f9c90\">decadeslong decline in union membership\u003c/a> in the United States. However, public support for unions has recently grown, and the National Labor Relations Board, which governs non-farmworkers’ right to organize, reported the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/unions-membership-rates-uaw-government-a3fc7bc50dd59a89f414230e8837d7e6\">highest number of filings\u003c/a> for union representation in eight years during the 2023 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California companies where farmworkers have organized are much smaller than Wonderful, a $6 billion company founded by Stewart and Lynda Resnick, who have donated to \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-farm-workers-union-endorsement-2024-labor-issues-b3259c0bfaede763c122e53c505ffa82\">President Joe Biden\u003c/a> and Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At DMB Packing, Guadalupe Luna said he signed up to form a union because he previously worked at a unionized farm where he earned 5 cents more for each bucket of tomatoes picked. Now, he said a contract may soon be signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think this year things are going to be better for us,” the 55-year-old said. “We want better pay and benefits; that’s what we’re asking the ranchers for, and they seem willing to negotiate with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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