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"content": "\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">President Donald Trump\u003c/a> continuing to call for mass deportations and his administration threatening recalcitrant state and local leaders with federal prosecution, officials in sanctuary cities like Oakland and San Francisco are preparing for the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a few hours after entering the Oval Office on Monday, Trump signed several executive orders on immigration, including one that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023126/california-leaders-to-sue-trump-over-birthright-citizenship-border-policies\">threatens to end birthright citizenship\u003c/a> for children whose parents are living in the U.S. without permanent legal status. Meanwhile, fears of federal raids and deportations have gripped immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite pressure from the Trump administration, officials in Oakland and San Francisco said they are committed to shielding members of the immigrant community, including those without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Trump says or threatens, we are a sanctuary city, and we are a sanctuary state,” state Sen. Jesse Arreguín (D–Berkeley) said Wednesday in Oakland, where officials discussed new initiatives and protections for immigrant families. “We are ready to protect our immigrant families. That’s what Oakland does as a proud sanctuary city and a place of refuge for decades, and the state of California is a committed partner in this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arreguín pointed to bills being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023345/california-legislatures-special-session-fire-aid-trump-lawsuits-faces-1st-test\">considered in a special legislative session\u003c/a> to allocate $25 million to funding litigation against the Trump administration and another $25 million for nonprofit legal aid providers assisting Californians at risk of deportation or detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12023544 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-22-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Jesse Arreguín speaks during a press conference with leaders from community groups throughout Alameda County in the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland on Jan. 22, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The efforts come amid reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25501043-memorandum-from-the-acting-deputy-attorney-general-01/?mode=document\">a Justice Department memorandum\u003c/a> sent Tuesday directing the FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces to take part in the enforcement of the president’s directives and instructing U.S. attorneys to \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/22/donald-trump-justice-department-immigration-005783\">pursue prosecutions and legal action\u003c/a> against state and local officials who resist the beefed-up immigration protocol — a veiled threat against states such as California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials passed several sanctuary laws during Trump’s first administration and frequently \u003ca href=\"https://kqed.org/news/12023094/california-has-sued-trump-123-times-heres-where-it-won-and-lost\">pushed back\u003c/a> against the president’s anti-immigrant policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12023252 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/DonaldTrumpJanuary6PardonsGetty-1020x686.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joaquín Torres, the elected assessor-recorder in San Francisco, said city officials there are also prepared to defend undocumented residents against the Trump administration’s hostile policies regardless of what federal officials threaten to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is working with community organizations to educate people on their rights and the protections they’re guaranteed through the city’s sanctuary laws, Torres said. He noted that San Francisco County has an \u003ca href=\"https://immigrants.sf.gov/help/rapid-response\">emergency hotline for immigrants\u003c/a> that is monitored 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been preparing and getting information out to communities so that they can know their rights no matter what actions are taken by the federal government,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “We’re not going to fall prey to scare tactics. We are not going to allow fear to divide our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023542\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monique Berlanga, Executive Director for Centro Legal de La Raza, speaks during a press conference with leaders from community groups throughout Alameda County in the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland on Jan. 22, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>East Bay officials will also revive a rapid response hotline that residents can use to report Immigration and Customs Enforcement activity or to access legal assistance, they said at Wednesday’s press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotline will be run by a coalition of community organizations headed by the legal nonprofit Centro Legal de la Raza. According to Monique Berlanga, executive director of the group, the emergency line will be active for the next three years and will cost around $4.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Supervisor Nikki Fortunato Bas said at the press conference that the Board of Supervisors has created a committee that specifically focuses on protecting immigrant communities in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure that we uphold our collective vision to ensure that everyone, whether you are an immigrant, a resident, undocumented or not, that you are able to go to school safely, able to seek health care services safely and able to go about your daily routine without fear,” Bas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/rcooke\">Riley Cooke\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joaquín Torres, the elected assessor-recorder in San Francisco, said city officials there are also prepared to defend undocumented residents against the Trump administration’s hostile policies regardless of what federal officials threaten to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is working with community organizations to educate people on their rights and the protections they’re guaranteed through the city’s sanctuary laws, Torres said. He noted that San Francisco County has an \u003ca href=\"https://immigrants.sf.gov/help/rapid-response\">emergency hotline for immigrants\u003c/a> that is monitored 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been preparing and getting information out to communities so that they can know their rights no matter what actions are taken by the federal government,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “We’re not going to fall prey to scare tactics. We are not going to allow fear to divide our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023542\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monique Berlanga, Executive Director for Centro Legal de La Raza, speaks during a press conference with leaders from community groups throughout Alameda County in the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland on Jan. 22, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>East Bay officials will also revive a rapid response hotline that residents can use to report Immigration and Customs Enforcement activity or to access legal assistance, they said at Wednesday’s press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotline will be run by a coalition of community organizations headed by the legal nonprofit Centro Legal de la Raza. According to Monique Berlanga, executive director of the group, the emergency line will be active for the next three years and will cost around $4.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Supervisor Nikki Fortunato Bas said at the press conference that the Board of Supervisors has created a committee that specifically focuses on protecting immigrant communities in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure that we uphold our collective vision to ensure that everyone, whether you are an immigrant, a resident, undocumented or not, that you are able to go to school safely, able to seek health care services safely and able to go about your daily routine without fear,” Bas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/rcooke\">Riley Cooke\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-deportation-immigration-homan-asylum-inauguration-ac10480dc636b758ab3c435b974aeb19\">cracks down on immigrants\u003c/a> in the U.S. illegally, some families are wondering if it is safe to send their children to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many districts, educators have sought to reassure immigrant parents that schools are safe places for their kids, despite the president’s campaign pledge to carry out mass deportations. But fears intensified for some when the Trump administration announced Tuesday it would allow federal immigration agencies to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-enforcement-sensitive-locations-trump-ab0d2d2652e9df696f14410ebb52a1fc\">make arrests at schools\u003c/a>, churches and hospitals, ending a policy that had been in effect since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, dear God! I can’t imagine why they would do that,” said Carmen, an immigrant from Mexico, after hearing that the Trump administration had rescinded the policy against arrests in “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She took her two grandchildren, ages 6 and 4, to their school Wednesday in the San Francisco Bay Area after school officials assured her it is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has helped calm my nerves is knowing that the school stands with us and promised to inform us if it’s not safe at school,” said Carmen, who spoke on condition that only her first name be used, out of fear she could be targeted by immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants across the country have been anxious about Trump’s pledge to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-mass-deportations-kobach-kansas-1918efac421cf5772a932917757a4642\">deport millions of people\u003c/a>. While fears of raids did not come to pass on the administration’s first day, rapid changes on immigration policy have left many confused and uncertain about their future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when many migrant families — even those in the country legally — are assessing whether and how to go about in public, many school systems are watching for effects on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-school-deportation-9747be35d2eb109693930f114f148b94\">student attendance\u003c/a>. Several schools said they were fielding calls from worried parents about rumors that immigration agents would try to enter schools, but it was too early to tell whether large numbers of families are keeping their children home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missing school can deprive students of more than learning. For students from low-income families, including many immigrants, schools are a primary way to access \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/school-lunch-fees-usda-bbe8dcf809018369e561613585c18a43\">food\u003c/a>, mental health services and other support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s move to clear the way for arrests at schools reverses guidance that restricted two federal agencies — Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection — from carrying out enforcement in sensitive locations. In a statement, the Department of Homeland Security said: “Criminals will no longer be able to hide in America’s schools and churches to avoid arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniela Anello, who heads D.C. Bilingual Public Charter School in the nation’s capital, said she was shocked by the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrific,” Anello said. “There’s no such thing as hiding anyone. It doesn’t happen, hasn’t happened. … It’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/US\">733,000 school-aged children\u003c/a> are in the U.S. illegally, according to the Migration Policy Institute. Many more have U.S. citizenship but have parents who are in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mb-0 pb-2 ap-font-bold\">Schools work to reassure parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Education officials in some states and districts have vowed to stand up for immigrant students, including their \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-students-education-plyler-d16e72263e68fd7fa12991ae5057897d\">right to a public education\u003c/a>. In California, for one, officials have offered guidance to schools on state law limiting local participation in immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpsboe.org/content/actions/2024_11s/24-1114-RS2.pdf\">resolution (PDF)\u003c/a> passed by Chicago Public Schools’ Board of Education in November said schools would not assist ICE in enforcing immigration law. Agents would not be allowed into schools without a criminal warrant, it said. And New York City principals last month were reminded by the district of policies including one against collecting information on a student’s immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the case everywhere. Many districts have not offered any reassurances for immigrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators at Georgia Fugees Academy Charter School have learned even students and families in the country legally are intimidated by Trump’s wide-ranging proposals to deport millions of immigrants and roll back non-citizens’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not even at risk of deportation and they’re still scared,” Chief Operating Officer Luma Mufleh said. Officials at the small Atlanta charter school focused on serving refugees and immigrants expected so many students to miss school the day after Trump took office that educators accelerated the school’s exam schedule so students wouldn’t miss important tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked on Tuesday for attendance data, school officials did not feel comfortable sharing it. “We don’t want our school to be targeted,“ Mufleh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policy on immigration enforcement at schools likely will prompt some immigrant parents who fear deportation to keep their children home, even if they face little risk, said Michael Lukens, executive director for the Amica Center for Immigrant Rights. He said he believes it’s part of the administration’s goal to make life so untenable that immigrants eventually leave the United States on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many U.S. adults are on board with the idea of undertaking some targeted deportations, a shift toward arresting people in the country illegally at places like schools would be \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-poll-deportation-trump-border-security-40b2a28e34f8d0c76b4a6589f3db1ba3\">highly unpopular\u003c/a>, according to a survey from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. It found only about 2 in 10 U.S. adults somewhat or strongly favor arresting children who are in the country illegally while they are at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mb-0 pb-2 ap-font-bold\">Some parents see school as one of the last safe places\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Iris Gonzalez in Boston, schools seem like just about the only safe place for her to go as someone in the country illegally. She’s had children in Boston schools for nearly a decade and she doesn’t expect anyone there to bother her or her daughters for proof they’re here legally. So her children will keep going to school. “Education is important,” she said in Spanish.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12020308,news_12023167,forum_2010101908347\"]Gonzalez, who came to the U.S. from Guatemala illegally 14 years ago, does worry about entering a courthouse or driving, even though she has a license. “What if they stop me?” she wonders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t sleep,” she said. “There’s a lot of uncertainty about how to look for work, whether to keep driving and what’s going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen, the Mexican grandmother who now lives in California, said returning home is not an option for her family, which faced threats after her son-in-law was kidnapped two years from their home in Michoacan state, an area overrun with drug trafficking gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family arrived two years ago under former President Joe Biden’s program allowing asylum-seekers to enter the U.S. and then apply for permission to stay. Following his inauguration Monday, Trump promptly \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-deportation-immigration-homan-asylum-inauguration-ac10480dc636b758ab3c435b974aeb19\">shut down the CBP One app\u003c/a> that processed these and other arrivals and has promised to “end asylum” during his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen has had several hearings on her asylum request, which has not yet been granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest fear is that we don’t have anywhere to go back to,” she said. “It’s about saving our lives. And protecting our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-deportation-immigration-homan-asylum-inauguration-ac10480dc636b758ab3c435b974aeb19\">cracks down on immigrants\u003c/a> in the U.S. illegally, some families are wondering if it is safe to send their children to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many districts, educators have sought to reassure immigrant parents that schools are safe places for their kids, despite the president’s campaign pledge to carry out mass deportations. But fears intensified for some when the Trump administration announced Tuesday it would allow federal immigration agencies to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-enforcement-sensitive-locations-trump-ab0d2d2652e9df696f14410ebb52a1fc\">make arrests at schools\u003c/a>, churches and hospitals, ending a policy that had been in effect since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, dear God! I can’t imagine why they would do that,” said Carmen, an immigrant from Mexico, after hearing that the Trump administration had rescinded the policy against arrests in “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She took her two grandchildren, ages 6 and 4, to their school Wednesday in the San Francisco Bay Area after school officials assured her it is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has helped calm my nerves is knowing that the school stands with us and promised to inform us if it’s not safe at school,” said Carmen, who spoke on condition that only her first name be used, out of fear she could be targeted by immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants across the country have been anxious about Trump’s pledge to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-immigration-mass-deportations-kobach-kansas-1918efac421cf5772a932917757a4642\">deport millions of people\u003c/a>. While fears of raids did not come to pass on the administration’s first day, rapid changes on immigration policy have left many confused and uncertain about their future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when many migrant families — even those in the country legally — are assessing whether and how to go about in public, many school systems are watching for effects on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-school-deportation-9747be35d2eb109693930f114f148b94\">student attendance\u003c/a>. Several schools said they were fielding calls from worried parents about rumors that immigration agents would try to enter schools, but it was too early to tell whether large numbers of families are keeping their children home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missing school can deprive students of more than learning. For students from low-income families, including many immigrants, schools are a primary way to access \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/school-lunch-fees-usda-bbe8dcf809018369e561613585c18a43\">food\u003c/a>, mental health services and other support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s move to clear the way for arrests at schools reverses guidance that restricted two federal agencies — Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection — from carrying out enforcement in sensitive locations. In a statement, the Department of Homeland Security said: “Criminals will no longer be able to hide in America’s schools and churches to avoid arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniela Anello, who heads D.C. Bilingual Public Charter School in the nation’s capital, said she was shocked by the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrific,” Anello said. “There’s no such thing as hiding anyone. It doesn’t happen, hasn’t happened. … It’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/US\">733,000 school-aged children\u003c/a> are in the U.S. illegally, according to the Migration Policy Institute. Many more have U.S. citizenship but have parents who are in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mb-0 pb-2 ap-font-bold\">Schools work to reassure parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Education officials in some states and districts have vowed to stand up for immigrant students, including their \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-students-education-plyler-d16e72263e68fd7fa12991ae5057897d\">right to a public education\u003c/a>. In California, for one, officials have offered guidance to schools on state law limiting local participation in immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpsboe.org/content/actions/2024_11s/24-1114-RS2.pdf\">resolution (PDF)\u003c/a> passed by Chicago Public Schools’ Board of Education in November said schools would not assist ICE in enforcing immigration law. Agents would not be allowed into schools without a criminal warrant, it said. And New York City principals last month were reminded by the district of policies including one against collecting information on a student’s immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the case everywhere. Many districts have not offered any reassurances for immigrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators at Georgia Fugees Academy Charter School have learned even students and families in the country legally are intimidated by Trump’s wide-ranging proposals to deport millions of immigrants and roll back non-citizens’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not even at risk of deportation and they’re still scared,” Chief Operating Officer Luma Mufleh said. Officials at the small Atlanta charter school focused on serving refugees and immigrants expected so many students to miss school the day after Trump took office that educators accelerated the school’s exam schedule so students wouldn’t miss important tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked on Tuesday for attendance data, school officials did not feel comfortable sharing it. “We don’t want our school to be targeted,“ Mufleh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policy on immigration enforcement at schools likely will prompt some immigrant parents who fear deportation to keep their children home, even if they face little risk, said Michael Lukens, executive director for the Amica Center for Immigrant Rights. He said he believes it’s part of the administration’s goal to make life so untenable that immigrants eventually leave the United States on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many U.S. adults are on board with the idea of undertaking some targeted deportations, a shift toward arresting people in the country illegally at places like schools would be \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-poll-deportation-trump-border-security-40b2a28e34f8d0c76b4a6589f3db1ba3\">highly unpopular\u003c/a>, according to a survey from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. It found only about 2 in 10 U.S. adults somewhat or strongly favor arresting children who are in the country illegally while they are at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"mb-0 pb-2 ap-font-bold\">Some parents see school as one of the last safe places\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Iris Gonzalez in Boston, schools seem like just about the only safe place for her to go as someone in the country illegally. She’s had children in Boston schools for nearly a decade and she doesn’t expect anyone there to bother her or her daughters for proof they’re here legally. So her children will keep going to school. “Education is important,” she said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gonzalez, who came to the U.S. from Guatemala illegally 14 years ago, does worry about entering a courthouse or driving, even though she has a license. “What if they stop me?” she wonders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t sleep,” she said. “There’s a lot of uncertainty about how to look for work, whether to keep driving and what’s going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen, the Mexican grandmother who now lives in California, said returning home is not an option for her family, which faced threats after her son-in-law was kidnapped two years from their home in Michoacan state, an area overrun with drug trafficking gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family arrived two years ago under former President Joe Biden’s program allowing asylum-seekers to enter the U.S. and then apply for permission to stay. Following his inauguration Monday, Trump promptly \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-deportation-immigration-homan-asylum-inauguration-ac10480dc636b758ab3c435b974aeb19\">shut down the CBP One app\u003c/a> that processed these and other arrivals and has promised to “end asylum” during his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen has had several hearings on her asylum request, which has not yet been granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest fear is that we don’t have anywhere to go back to,” she said. “It’s about saving our lives. And protecting our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"birthright-citizenship-legal-updates\">\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Update, 2 p.m. Thursday: Two federal judges have issued temporary injunctions blocking President Donald Trump’s executive order that seeks to end the constitutional guarantee of birthright citizenship regardless of the parents’ immigration status. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>These temporary injunctions stop the federal government from enforcing the executive order until the courts reach a decision. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024082/qa-what-to-know-about-birthright-citizenship\">Read more about the ongoing legal battles.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]nly a few hours after being\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023112/trump-supporters-celebrate-san-francisco-inauguration-party\"> sworn in once again as President of the United States\u003c/a>, Donald Trump began signing dozens of executive actions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5269600/trump-executive-actions-orders-memoranda-proclamation\">to deliver on his 2024 campaign promises\u003c/a>. One of these orders, titled ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship\u003c/a>,’ could radically transform who gets to be a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order states that federal departments and agencies will no longer grant birthright citizenship — that is, automatic American citizenship — to children born to immigrant parents who are in the United States “unlawfully” at the time of their birth. Children whose mother is in the U.S. with a temporary visa but whose father is not a U.S. citizen or permanent resident at the time of birth \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">will also no longer be recognized as citizens by the federal government\u003c/a>. The order only affects children born on or after Feb. 19, 2025 — 30 days after Trump signed his Jan. 20. executive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granting U.S. citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents’ immigration status, acts as a “magnet” for people and “is a reward for breaking the laws of the U.S.,” Trump said \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1663537082633953282\">on social media back in 2023\u003c/a>. He’s doubled down on this rhetoric since returning to the presidency, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/\">claiming in his Inauguration speech\u003c/a> that immigrants coming to the U.S. without legal documents “are dangerous criminals, many from prisons and mental institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal challenges to Trump’s plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Within 24 hours of Trump signing the executive order, 18 state attorney generals — led by California’s Rob Bonta, alongside officials from New Jersey and Massachusetts —\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023126/california-leaders-to-sue-trump-over-birthright-citizenship-border-policies\"> announced a lawsuit against the Trump administration in response\u003c/a>. “The president chose to start his second term by knocking down one of our country’s foundational, long-standing rights,” Bonta said at a press conference on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does the Constitution protect birthright citizenship, Bonta said, but so does a Supreme Court case that was decided over 120 years ago: \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1898, San Francisco-born man Wong Kim Ark successfully defended his claim to being a U.S. citizen in the Supreme Court after officials claimed that his parents being Chinese nationals at the time of his birth disqualified him from being an American citizen. For the Bay Area’s Chinese community, who quickly mobilized to defend Wong, the case represented a major victory at a time when anti-Chinese sentiment and xenophobia were rampant across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as California and dozens of other states prepare for a complicated legal battle against Trump over birthright citizenship, the story of Wong Kim Ark is more relevant than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015410\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The intersection of Grant Avenue and Sacramento Street photographed on Nov. 19, 2024. this intersection is where Wong Kim Ark is said to have been born. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A cook from San Francisco’s Chinatown\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 1870s, San Francisco was\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10399051/draft-2-boomtown\"> transitioning from a Gold Rush boomtown to an established American metropolis\u003c/a> — largely thanks to the labor of tens of thousands of immigrant workers from all over the world. Two of these immigrants were\u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-fight-for-birthright-citizenship-reshaped-asian-american-families-180981866/\"> Wee Lee and her husband Wong Si Ping\u003c/a>, who came from China and gave birth to a son, Wong Kim Ark, in their home located above their shop on Sacramento Street in the heart of San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an adult, Wong\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/06/1103291268/by-accident-of-birth\"> traveled back and forth between California and his family’s village in southern China\u003c/a>. On one of these trips to China, he met and married his wife, who stayed behind with their children, while Wong returned to California, where he worked as a cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on his return to the U.S. from a trip to China in 1896, Wong was detained by customs officials in San Francisco, who blocked him from reentering the U.S. and insisted that he was not an American citizen but rather a Chinese national — a group who at the time faced intense immigration restrictions thanks to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/question/What-is-the-Chinese-Exclusion-Act\"> Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882\u003c/a>. Officials told Wong that his citizenship depended not on where he was born but rather on the nationality of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong was in a complicated situation, said David Lei, a community historian and board member of the San Francisco-based\u003ca href=\"https://chsa.org/\"> Chinese Historical Society of America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a cook. He was in his early 20s. No money — he was really a nobody,” Lei said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Help for Wong came in the form of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA), also known as the Chinese Six Companies, an organization\u003ca href=\"https://www.windnewspaper.com/article/chinese-consolidated-benevolent-association-ccba-celebrates-its-175th-anniversary-on-october-5-2024\"> established 175 years ago in Chinatown\u003c/a> that pooled the resources of many Chinese families and businesses to buy land, develop property and\u003ca href=\"https://chinesehospital-sf.org/history/\"> even help finance a hospital.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were the GoFundMe for the Chinese community, and every time there was a lawsuit, they would raise the money to hire the best lawyers for their community,” he said, enabling CCBA to “fight against racist laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1880s onward, the Chinese immigrant community throughout the U.S.\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ap_prog2.html\"> filed over 10,000 lawsuits challenging anti-Chinese laws\u003c/a>. One powerful tool in their fight against discrimination was a fairly recent addition to the Constitution: the Fourteenth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015411\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Lei, board member of the Chinese Historical Society of America, poses for a photo at the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Who decides what citizenship is?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Birthright citizenship for all children born in the U.S. is articulated in the Fourteenth Amendment and is not the result of a Biden administration policy, as Trump has claimed in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Constitution is our foundational document. All three branches of government have to serve the Constitution,” said Ming H. Chen, professor at UC Law San Francisco and faculty-director of the school’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclawsf.edu/academics/centers/the-center-on-race-immigration-citizenship-and-equality-rice/\"> Center for Race, Immigration, Citizenship, and Equality\u003c/a>. What’s more, she said, “the president can’t go beyond the bounds of the Constitution in issuing an executive order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enacted in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment states in its first clause that “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This amendment — which protects rights like birthright citizenship, due process and equal protection of the laws into the Constitution — was Congress’s response to the laws being passed by many Southern states after the Civil War that\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/26/nx-s1-5088040/the-story-of-how-the-14th-amendment-has-remade-america-and-how-america-has-remade-the-14th#:~:text=States%20throughout%20the%20South%20passed,you%20can%27t%20do%20that.\"> severely restricted the rights of formerly enslaved Black Americans\u003c/a> and their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, most countries based citizenship on bloodline, Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States from its very beginning was struggling to define its own […] national identity,” she said. “Do they want it to be based on a conception of citizenship similar to what we’ve seen in Europe and a lot of the world, which bases citizenship on parentage?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option was having citizenship based on where you were born — a more egalitarian idea, Chen said. “When you look at the 14th Amendment, I think it tells us that the United States really tried to enact a promise of equality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Wong goes to the Supreme Court\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unable to step on U.S. soil., Wong lived on ships in the waters of the San Francisco Bay. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, the CCBA hired a team of lawyers to represent Wong, who argued that he was an American citizen based on the fact that he was born in the U.S. and not on the nationality of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/169/649\"> \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>\u003c/a> reached the Supreme Court, it represented a “pivotal moment where [SCOTUS] took up — for the very first time — this question of how to interpret the Fourteenth Amendment’s citizenship clause for everybody,” said Leti Volpp, a law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And not just for people whose parents were illegally imported as enslaved people from Africa or were born to persons who were Black in the U.S,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volpp said that when the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted, there were three exceptions to the citizenship clause:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If, at the time of your birth, your parents are in the U.S. as high-ranking foreign diplomats who are “not considered subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If, at the time of your birth, your parents are in the U.S. as an invading army.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children who were born “into what was at that time considered a quasi-sovereign native tribal authority” — an exception that was later eliminated when Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924,\u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-02/#:~:text=to%20this%20page-,Indian%20Citizenship%20Act,barred%20Native%20Americans%20from%20voting.\"> which granted citizenship to all Native people born in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In its legal argument, the U.S. government insisted that at the time of Wong’s birth, his parents — despite being merchants and not diplomats — were subjects to the Emperor of China and not the jurisdiction of the U.S. government. However, after a two-year legal battle, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Wong Kim Ark in 1898, affirming his status as an American citizen, along with all the rights that came with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amendment, in clear words and in manifest intent, includes the children born within the territory of the United States of all other persons, of whatever race or color, domiciled within the United States,” Justice Horace Gray wrote in the majority opinion. He noted that if citizenship was denied to the children of parents that were citizens of other countries, that would in turn “deny citizenship to thousands of persons of English, Scotch, Irish, German, or other European parentage, who have always been considered and treated as citizens of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015479\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015479\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An individual takes a photo of the Asian American Community Heroes Mural on Jackson Street on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Wong Kim Ark and Donald Trump\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, how does an 1898 Supreme Court ruling influence what an American president can do in 2025?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it’s written, Trump’s executive order requires federal agencies to no longer grant documents that recognize the U.S. citizenship of children who are born on or after Feb. 19, 2025, to undocumented or temporary immigrants. These documents could include a U.S. passport or a Social Security number. If an individual state or local government provides documents that state a child in this situation \u003ci>is \u003c/i>an American citizen, the federal government will not recognize that documentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any child born from now until Feb. 18, 2025 — or born before Trump signed the executive action on Jan. 20 — will still be recognized as a U.S. citizen by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the legal battle against this order has already begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 6, U.S. District Judge John Coughenour of Washington state \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/06/us/federal-judge-trump-birthright-citizenship.html\">issued a preliminary injunction against the executive order\u003c/a>, which means the order is frozen indefinitely until the courts reach a final decision. Coughenour had previously blocked the order for a period of 14 days back in January, after declaring that the order is “blatantly unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, brought by Arizona, Illinois, Oregon and Washington, the federal government has argued that the children of parents living in the country illegally are not “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States — and therefore not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a similar argument \u003ca href=\"https://www.chapman.edu/law/_files/publications/clr-vol-22/10eastman_online.pdf\">to the one presented by federal lawyers during the \u003cem>Wong Kim Ark\u003c/em> case\u003c/a>: they claimed Wong’s parents were subject to the Emperor of China. This legal strategy did not succeed for the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its ruling, \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i> established a legal interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that the Supreme Court has never questioned — and other rulings in major citizenship cases since then have also relied on the Wong Kim Ark case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a legal system which is based on precedent, which means that there’s this accretion of cases from the past that build up to develop a particular vision of how to interpret the law,” UC Berkeley’s Volpp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more a case has been around, the more weight it has in deciding legal questions today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the Supreme Court \u003ci>has \u003c/i>recently shown its willingness to overturn long-standing decisions — like when it overturned \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> in 2022, ruling that a national right to abortion was not “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history or tradition.” Could the same happen to \u003ci>Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s unlikely, Volpp said. “In the case of Wong Kim Ark (and unlike with Roe), there has been no chipping away at precedent through other decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the court wants to look backwards to history, it is very clear that the original intent of the framers was to guarantee birthright citizenship to children of immigrants,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he wants to permanently change what the Constitution says about birthright citizenship, Trump would need a new constitutional amendment, UC Law San Francisco’s Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to go against a constitutional amendment and a Supreme Court case that has enshrined this interpretation of birthright citizenship as being very broad, you would need [another] constitutional amendment,” she said. And any amendment would require the votes of two-thirds of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, along with the approval of three-fourths of state governments — with at least 37 out of the 50 states voting in favor of the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the results of the 2024 election, Republicans\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/15/nx-s1-5191885/legislature-election-results-2024\"> will have complete control over 27 state legislatures\u003c/a>, still far below what they need. For their part, Democrats have made it clear\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-birthright-threat-pelosi/story?id=58867579\"> that they are not interested in limiting birthright citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015406\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015406\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Individuals walk past Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, which was created in 1885 to segregate Chinese from white students in public schools, on Clay Street on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>‘So many different corners of America’\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After winning his case in the Supreme Court, Wong Kim Ark continued to work and travel back and forth between China and San Francisco.\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/10/02/445346769/he-famously-fought-for-his-u-s-citizenship-where-are-his-descendants-now\"> His descendants now live all over California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the CCBA — which celebrated its 175th birthday last year — continued to support other Chinese American families as they took on discriminatory policies at every level of government throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. When California Attorney General Bonta announced the state’s lawsuit against Trump’s executive order, CCBA leaders stood alongside him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese community has taken on [these legal fights] deliberately, as a community, as a strategy, winning all these rights for all Americans,” said Lei, from the Chinese Historical Society of America, pointing to 1974’s \u003ci>Lau v. Nichols\u003c/i>,\u003ca href=\"https://www-tc.pbs.org/beyondbrown/brownpdfs/launichols.pdf\"> a class action suit brought by Chinese students\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Unified School District who did not speak English\u003ca href=\"https://www.windnewspaper.com/article/50th-anniversary-of-lau-v-nichols-landmark-ruling-on-the-rights-of-immigrant-students-for-bilingual-education\"> that helped establish bilingual education in schools across the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chen, the Wong Kim Ark case — which hinged on an amendment first intended to preserve citizenship for the descendants of formerly-enslaved Black people — is symbolic of how legal battles for equality in the U.S. have been furthered by various communities for different groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the modern debate is largely about DACA recipients, DREAMers, people who came to the United States from Mexico and other parts of Latin America,” she said. “I think you can really see that this issue touches so many different corners of America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s where birthright citizenship is so important,” she said. “And trying to challenge it is so dangerous because it’s not just about trying to find equality in one lifetime. It’s about trying to cut off the possibility forever for a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Nov. 22, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 1898, Wong Kim Ark, a man born in the U.S. to Chinese parents, won a Supreme Court battle to defend his claim to citizenship. His case could prevent Trump from fulfilling his promise to end birthright citizenship in the U.S. ",
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"title": "A 129-Year-Old San Francisco Lawsuit Could Stop Trump From Ending Birthright Citizenship | KQED",
"description": "In 1898, Wong Kim Ark, a man born in the U.S. to Chinese parents, won a Supreme Court battle to defend his claim to citizenship. His case could prevent Trump from fulfilling his promise to end birthright citizenship in the U.S. ",
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"headline": "A 129-Year-Old San Francisco Lawsuit Could Stop Trump From Ending Birthright Citizenship",
"datePublished": "2025-01-21T16:40:40-08:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"birthright-citizenship-legal-updates\">\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Update, 2 p.m. Thursday: Two federal judges have issued temporary injunctions blocking President Donald Trump’s executive order that seeks to end the constitutional guarantee of birthright citizenship regardless of the parents’ immigration status. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>These temporary injunctions stop the federal government from enforcing the executive order until the courts reach a decision. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024082/qa-what-to-know-about-birthright-citizenship\">Read more about the ongoing legal battles.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>nly a few hours after being\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023112/trump-supporters-celebrate-san-francisco-inauguration-party\"> sworn in once again as President of the United States\u003c/a>, Donald Trump began signing dozens of executive actions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5269600/trump-executive-actions-orders-memoranda-proclamation\">to deliver on his 2024 campaign promises\u003c/a>. One of these orders, titled ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship\u003c/a>,’ could radically transform who gets to be a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order states that federal departments and agencies will no longer grant birthright citizenship — that is, automatic American citizenship — to children born to immigrant parents who are in the United States “unlawfully” at the time of their birth. Children whose mother is in the U.S. with a temporary visa but whose father is not a U.S. citizen or permanent resident at the time of birth \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">will also no longer be recognized as citizens by the federal government\u003c/a>. The order only affects children born on or after Feb. 19, 2025 — 30 days after Trump signed his Jan. 20. executive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granting U.S. citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents’ immigration status, acts as a “magnet” for people and “is a reward for breaking the laws of the U.S.,” Trump said \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1663537082633953282\">on social media back in 2023\u003c/a>. He’s doubled down on this rhetoric since returning to the presidency, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/\">claiming in his Inauguration speech\u003c/a> that immigrants coming to the U.S. without legal documents “are dangerous criminals, many from prisons and mental institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal challenges to Trump’s plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Within 24 hours of Trump signing the executive order, 18 state attorney generals — led by California’s Rob Bonta, alongside officials from New Jersey and Massachusetts —\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023126/california-leaders-to-sue-trump-over-birthright-citizenship-border-policies\"> announced a lawsuit against the Trump administration in response\u003c/a>. “The president chose to start his second term by knocking down one of our country’s foundational, long-standing rights,” Bonta said at a press conference on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does the Constitution protect birthright citizenship, Bonta said, but so does a Supreme Court case that was decided over 120 years ago: \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1898, San Francisco-born man Wong Kim Ark successfully defended his claim to being a U.S. citizen in the Supreme Court after officials claimed that his parents being Chinese nationals at the time of his birth disqualified him from being an American citizen. For the Bay Area’s Chinese community, who quickly mobilized to defend Wong, the case represented a major victory at a time when anti-Chinese sentiment and xenophobia were rampant across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as California and dozens of other states prepare for a complicated legal battle against Trump over birthright citizenship, the story of Wong Kim Ark is more relevant than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015410\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-15_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The intersection of Grant Avenue and Sacramento Street photographed on Nov. 19, 2024. this intersection is where Wong Kim Ark is said to have been born. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A cook from San Francisco’s Chinatown\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 1870s, San Francisco was\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10399051/draft-2-boomtown\"> transitioning from a Gold Rush boomtown to an established American metropolis\u003c/a> — largely thanks to the labor of tens of thousands of immigrant workers from all over the world. Two of these immigrants were\u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-fight-for-birthright-citizenship-reshaped-asian-american-families-180981866/\"> Wee Lee and her husband Wong Si Ping\u003c/a>, who came from China and gave birth to a son, Wong Kim Ark, in their home located above their shop on Sacramento Street in the heart of San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an adult, Wong\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/06/1103291268/by-accident-of-birth\"> traveled back and forth between California and his family’s village in southern China\u003c/a>. On one of these trips to China, he met and married his wife, who stayed behind with their children, while Wong returned to California, where he worked as a cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on his return to the U.S. from a trip to China in 1896, Wong was detained by customs officials in San Francisco, who blocked him from reentering the U.S. and insisted that he was not an American citizen but rather a Chinese national — a group who at the time faced intense immigration restrictions thanks to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/question/What-is-the-Chinese-Exclusion-Act\"> Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882\u003c/a>. Officials told Wong that his citizenship depended not on where he was born but rather on the nationality of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong was in a complicated situation, said David Lei, a community historian and board member of the San Francisco-based\u003ca href=\"https://chsa.org/\"> Chinese Historical Society of America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a cook. He was in his early 20s. No money — he was really a nobody,” Lei said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Help for Wong came in the form of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA), also known as the Chinese Six Companies, an organization\u003ca href=\"https://www.windnewspaper.com/article/chinese-consolidated-benevolent-association-ccba-celebrates-its-175th-anniversary-on-october-5-2024\"> established 175 years ago in Chinatown\u003c/a> that pooled the resources of many Chinese families and businesses to buy land, develop property and\u003ca href=\"https://chinesehospital-sf.org/history/\"> even help finance a hospital.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were the GoFundMe for the Chinese community, and every time there was a lawsuit, they would raise the money to hire the best lawyers for their community,” he said, enabling CCBA to “fight against racist laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1880s onward, the Chinese immigrant community throughout the U.S.\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ap_prog2.html\"> filed over 10,000 lawsuits challenging anti-Chinese laws\u003c/a>. One powerful tool in their fight against discrimination was a fairly recent addition to the Constitution: the Fourteenth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015411\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-11_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Lei, board member of the Chinese Historical Society of America, poses for a photo at the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Who decides what citizenship is?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Birthright citizenship for all children born in the U.S. is articulated in the Fourteenth Amendment and is not the result of a Biden administration policy, as Trump has claimed in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Constitution is our foundational document. All three branches of government have to serve the Constitution,” said Ming H. Chen, professor at UC Law San Francisco and faculty-director of the school’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclawsf.edu/academics/centers/the-center-on-race-immigration-citizenship-and-equality-rice/\"> Center for Race, Immigration, Citizenship, and Equality\u003c/a>. What’s more, she said, “the president can’t go beyond the bounds of the Constitution in issuing an executive order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enacted in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment states in its first clause that “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This amendment — which protects rights like birthright citizenship, due process and equal protection of the laws into the Constitution — was Congress’s response to the laws being passed by many Southern states after the Civil War that\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/26/nx-s1-5088040/the-story-of-how-the-14th-amendment-has-remade-america-and-how-america-has-remade-the-14th#:~:text=States%20throughout%20the%20South%20passed,you%20can%27t%20do%20that.\"> severely restricted the rights of formerly enslaved Black Americans\u003c/a> and their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, most countries based citizenship on bloodline, Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States from its very beginning was struggling to define its own […] national identity,” she said. “Do they want it to be based on a conception of citizenship similar to what we’ve seen in Europe and a lot of the world, which bases citizenship on parentage?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option was having citizenship based on where you were born — a more egalitarian idea, Chen said. “When you look at the 14th Amendment, I think it tells us that the United States really tried to enact a promise of equality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Wong goes to the Supreme Court\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unable to step on U.S. soil., Wong lived on ships in the waters of the San Francisco Bay. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, the CCBA hired a team of lawyers to represent Wong, who argued that he was an American citizen based on the fact that he was born in the U.S. and not on the nationality of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/169/649\"> \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>\u003c/a> reached the Supreme Court, it represented a “pivotal moment where [SCOTUS] took up — for the very first time — this question of how to interpret the Fourteenth Amendment’s citizenship clause for everybody,” said Leti Volpp, a law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And not just for people whose parents were illegally imported as enslaved people from Africa or were born to persons who were Black in the U.S,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volpp said that when the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted, there were three exceptions to the citizenship clause:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If, at the time of your birth, your parents are in the U.S. as high-ranking foreign diplomats who are “not considered subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If, at the time of your birth, your parents are in the U.S. as an invading army.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children who were born “into what was at that time considered a quasi-sovereign native tribal authority” — an exception that was later eliminated when Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924,\u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-02/#:~:text=to%20this%20page-,Indian%20Citizenship%20Act,barred%20Native%20Americans%20from%20voting.\"> which granted citizenship to all Native people born in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In its legal argument, the U.S. government insisted that at the time of Wong’s birth, his parents — despite being merchants and not diplomats — were subjects to the Emperor of China and not the jurisdiction of the U.S. government. However, after a two-year legal battle, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Wong Kim Ark in 1898, affirming his status as an American citizen, along with all the rights that came with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amendment, in clear words and in manifest intent, includes the children born within the territory of the United States of all other persons, of whatever race or color, domiciled within the United States,” Justice Horace Gray wrote in the majority opinion. He noted that if citizenship was denied to the children of parents that were citizens of other countries, that would in turn “deny citizenship to thousands of persons of English, Scotch, Irish, German, or other European parentage, who have always been considered and treated as citizens of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015479\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015479\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-18_qed-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An individual takes a photo of the Asian American Community Heroes Mural on Jackson Street on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Wong Kim Ark and Donald Trump\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, how does an 1898 Supreme Court ruling influence what an American president can do in 2025?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it’s written, Trump’s executive order requires federal agencies to no longer grant documents that recognize the U.S. citizenship of children who are born on or after Feb. 19, 2025, to undocumented or temporary immigrants. These documents could include a U.S. passport or a Social Security number. If an individual state or local government provides documents that state a child in this situation \u003ci>is \u003c/i>an American citizen, the federal government will not recognize that documentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any child born from now until Feb. 18, 2025 — or born before Trump signed the executive action on Jan. 20 — will still be recognized as a U.S. citizen by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the legal battle against this order has already begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 6, U.S. District Judge John Coughenour of Washington state \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/06/us/federal-judge-trump-birthright-citizenship.html\">issued a preliminary injunction against the executive order\u003c/a>, which means the order is frozen indefinitely until the courts reach a final decision. Coughenour had previously blocked the order for a period of 14 days back in January, after declaring that the order is “blatantly unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, brought by Arizona, Illinois, Oregon and Washington, the federal government has argued that the children of parents living in the country illegally are not “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States — and therefore not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a similar argument \u003ca href=\"https://www.chapman.edu/law/_files/publications/clr-vol-22/10eastman_online.pdf\">to the one presented by federal lawyers during the \u003cem>Wong Kim Ark\u003c/em> case\u003c/a>: they claimed Wong’s parents were subject to the Emperor of China. This legal strategy did not succeed for the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its ruling, \u003ci>United States v. Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i> established a legal interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that the Supreme Court has never questioned — and other rulings in major citizenship cases since then have also relied on the Wong Kim Ark case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a legal system which is based on precedent, which means that there’s this accretion of cases from the past that build up to develop a particular vision of how to interpret the law,” UC Berkeley’s Volpp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more a case has been around, the more weight it has in deciding legal questions today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the Supreme Court \u003ci>has \u003c/i>recently shown its willingness to overturn long-standing decisions — like when it overturned \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> in 2022, ruling that a national right to abortion was not “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history or tradition.” Could the same happen to \u003ci>Wong Kim Ark\u003c/i>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s unlikely, Volpp said. “In the case of Wong Kim Ark (and unlike with Roe), there has been no chipping away at precedent through other decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the court wants to look backwards to history, it is very clear that the original intent of the framers was to guarantee birthright citizenship to children of immigrants,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he wants to permanently change what the Constitution says about birthright citizenship, Trump would need a new constitutional amendment, UC Law San Francisco’s Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to go against a constitutional amendment and a Supreme Court case that has enshrined this interpretation of birthright citizenship as being very broad, you would need [another] constitutional amendment,” she said. And any amendment would require the votes of two-thirds of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, along with the approval of three-fourths of state governments — with at least 37 out of the 50 states voting in favor of the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the results of the 2024 election, Republicans\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/15/nx-s1-5191885/legislature-election-results-2024\"> will have complete control over 27 state legislatures\u003c/a>, still far below what they need. For their part, Democrats have made it clear\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-birthright-threat-pelosi/story?id=58867579\"> that they are not interested in limiting birthright citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015406\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12015406\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-21-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Individuals walk past Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, which was created in 1885 to segregate Chinese from white students in public schools, on Clay Street on Nov. 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>‘So many different corners of America’\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After winning his case in the Supreme Court, Wong Kim Ark continued to work and travel back and forth between China and San Francisco.\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/10/02/445346769/he-famously-fought-for-his-u-s-citizenship-where-are-his-descendants-now\"> His descendants now live all over California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the CCBA — which celebrated its 175th birthday last year — continued to support other Chinese American families as they took on discriminatory policies at every level of government throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. When California Attorney General Bonta announced the state’s lawsuit against Trump’s executive order, CCBA leaders stood alongside him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese community has taken on [these legal fights] deliberately, as a community, as a strategy, winning all these rights for all Americans,” said Lei, from the Chinese Historical Society of America, pointing to 1974’s \u003ci>Lau v. Nichols\u003c/i>,\u003ca href=\"https://www-tc.pbs.org/beyondbrown/brownpdfs/launichols.pdf\"> a class action suit brought by Chinese students\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Unified School District who did not speak English\u003ca href=\"https://www.windnewspaper.com/article/50th-anniversary-of-lau-v-nichols-landmark-ruling-on-the-rights-of-immigrant-students-for-bilingual-education\"> that helped establish bilingual education in schools across the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chen, the Wong Kim Ark case — which hinged on an amendment first intended to preserve citizenship for the descendants of formerly-enslaved Black people — is symbolic of how legal battles for equality in the U.S. have been furthered by various communities for different groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the modern debate is largely about DACA recipients, DREAMers, people who came to the United States from Mexico and other parts of Latin America,” she said. “I think you can really see that this issue touches so many different corners of America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s where birthright citizenship is so important,” she said. “And trying to challenge it is so dangerous because it’s not just about trying to find equality in one lifetime. It’s about trying to cut off the possibility forever for a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Nov. 22, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11:53 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> Attorney General Rob Bonta on Tuesday morning filed a lawsuit challenging President Donald Trump’s plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">stop recognizing birthright citizenship\u003c/a> for children born in the U.S. to parents who are not citizens or lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asks the court for a preliminary injunction to immediately block Trump’s executive order from taking effect, Bonta said at a press conference in San Francisco, saying the order flouts over 125 years of settled legal precedent. It is also being led by the attorneys general from Massachusetts and New Jersey, and is joined by those from 15 other states and Washington, as well as the city attorney of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the first lawsuit filed against the new Trump administration by California, which has promised to serve as a bulwark against actions that state officials see as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply disappointed that we’re here one day into the new administration and also not at all surprised,” Bonta said at the press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump is following through on a campaign promise,” he continued. “Today, I’m also following through on a promise to take action if Trump violates the law and infringes on our rights, on your rights, as he did today with what is frankly an un-American executive order. I have one message for President Trump: I’ll see you in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12023242 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney General Rob Bonta (second from right), City Attorney David Chiu (center), Gabriel Medina from La Raza Immigration Services, and others, at a press conference on Tuesday, Jan 21, 2025, to announce preliminary injunction against President Donald Trump’s birthright citizenship order. \u003ccite>(Gilare Zada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Noting the century-plus of Supreme Court precedent, Bonta said the questions around birthright citizenship were “done and dusted.” “Of course, to Trump, law and order, judicial precedents, constitutional rights have little bearing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state political leaders and immigrant advocates are also considering lawsuits over Trump’s directive to use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/declaring-a-national-emergency-at-the-southern-border-of-the-united-states/\">military for immigration enforcement\u003c/a> and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measures are part of a raft of executive actions Trump signed Monday addressing immigration and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta told KQED on Monday that his office has spent months preparing and coordinating with Democratic attorneys general from other states and advocacy organizations within California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12015449 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/20241119_BirthrightCitizenshipExplainer_GC-16_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our North Star is the rule of law. And the question we ask ourselves is, ‘Is he violating the law?’” Bonta said. “To undermine birthright citizenship without going through the process … to amend the Constitution? We will take him to court, and we believe very strongly that we will prevail. The president cannot amend the Constitution unilaterally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta pointed out that it was a San Francisco-born son of Chinese immigrants, Wong Kim Ark, who sued all the way to the Supreme Court in 1898 when his citizenship was challenged at the border. \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/supreme-court-case-library/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-1898\">His case set the precedent establishing birthright citizenship\u003c/a> under the 14th Amendment of the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s very much a California story and a Bay Area story,” Bonta said. “It’s obviously now impacting millions of people who enjoy birthright citizenship from a lot of different heritages and national origins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Attorney David Chiu, who joined the lawsuit, spoke Tuesday about Wong’s case and said “The story of birthright citizenship is as San Francisco as they come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To deny some children the basic rights that other children in our country have will create a permanent, multi-generational underclass of those who will have been born in our country but will never have lived anywhere else and be effectively stateless,” Chiu said. “These children will not be able to naturalize or obtain citizenship from another country. They will live under constant threat of deportation. And as they age, they won’t be able to work lawfully or vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009320\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009320\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Attorney David Chiu speaks during a press conference at City Hall in San Francisco on Aug. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to the “personal chaos” that Chiu said Trump’s order would create for the immigrant community, he noted that it would lead to the loss of federal funding for public benefits programs like food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such funding is based in part on the number of eligible recipients, and “without Social Security numbers, San Francisco cannot verify otherwise eligible newborns who qualify for these programs,” Chiu said, although the city “will still have to bear the inherent costs of caring for our residents, whether or not they have Social Security numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta added that his office will be reviewing the president’s order to use the military for immigration enforcement and deciding whether to challenge it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus joined the American Civil Liberties Union and other groups to \u003ca href=\"https://statedemocracydefenders.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/birthright-final-complaint.pdf\">file a lawsuit\u003c/a> over Trump’s birthright citizenship order on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aarti Kohli, the Asian Law Caucus’ executive director, said her organization is determined to protect the civil rights of Bay Area immigrants and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re born here, you are a citizen — period. No politician, including President Trump, can decide who is American and who is not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936087\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-915911080-e1737482651615.jpg\" alt=\"A border patrol vehicle in partial view behind a tall border fence.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A US Border Patrol vehicle sits parked next to a secondary fence along the US-Mexico border in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Daniel Acker/Bloomberg via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kohli said she was also alarmed by the possibility that Trump could invoke the Alien Enemies Act, a 1798 law that allows the deportation of foreign nationals of a country at war with the U.S., to go after immigrant gang members, something he pledged in his inaugural address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The act was last used during World War II to imprison Japanese, German and Italian immigrants, a move the federal government later repudiated as discriminatory. In 1983, the Asian Law Caucus helped overturn the conviction of \u003ca href=\"https://korematsuinstitute.org\">Fred Korematsu\u003c/a>, an Oakland man who refused the U.S. Army’s order to go into an incarceration camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this playbook before — using national security as a pretext to target specific communities,” Kohli said. “History shows that harsh immigration policies don’t make us safer or more prosperous. They destabilize communities, hurt local businesses that depend on immigrant workers and divert resources from addressing genuine public safety concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, Bonta has been touring the state to spread the word about the state’s “sanctuary laws,” such as the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">2017 California Values Act\u003c/a>, which limit local law enforcement and public resources from being used to assist the federal government in immigration enforcement.[aside postID=news_12023124 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/DonaldTrumpInaugurationAP-1020x680.jpg']State laws don’t prevent immigration enforcement agencies from operating in California, and the U.S. Border Patrol arrested 78 people in Kern County last week. The incident sparked fear in immigrant communities, and some agricultural workers reportedly stayed away from their jobs for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masih Fouladi, executive director of the California Immigrant Policy Center, said his organization is working with other groups to offer “know your rights” workshops to immigrants who may lack legal status. Among other things, he counsels immigrants not to open the door for immigration agents unless they can produce a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fouladi said he is concerned that Trump’s declaration of a national emergency at the border to mobilize military resources could lead to mistreatment of migrants and violations of their rights, similar to what occurred when the first Trump administration declared a “zero tolerance” policy, which led to migrant children being forcibly separated from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those types of policies the last time around were so dehumanizing that tore families apart and led to family separation,” he said. “We will be working with local and state elected officials to see how we can make sure that families, at least here in California, are as protected as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Trump rescinded a number of former President Joe Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions/\">executive orders on immigration\u003c/a>, including measures to coordinate with other countries in addressing the causes of migration, reunify separated migrant families and rebuild the refugee resettlement program dismantled during the first Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also signed presidential actions to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Halt refugee admissions for at least four months.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prosecute unauthorized immigrants.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hold more unauthorized immigrants in detention until they are deported.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terminate Biden-era humanitarian parole protections to certain migrants from countries including Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela, as well as those vetted at border appointments scheduled with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/about/mobile-apps-directory/cbpone\">CBP One smartphone app\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Continue the wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Designate cartels as terrorist organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reinstate the “Remain in Mexico” policy of his first term, which required asylum seekers to await their immigration court hearings outside the U.S.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish new Homeland Security task forces in every state, with local as well as federal law enforcement participation, a move that would challenge California’s sanctuary laws.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11:53 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> Attorney General Rob Bonta on Tuesday morning filed a lawsuit challenging President Donald Trump’s plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship/\">stop recognizing birthright citizenship\u003c/a> for children born in the U.S. to parents who are not citizens or lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asks the court for a preliminary injunction to immediately block Trump’s executive order from taking effect, Bonta said at a press conference in San Francisco, saying the order flouts over 125 years of settled legal precedent. It is also being led by the attorneys general from Massachusetts and New Jersey, and is joined by those from 15 other states and Washington, as well as the city attorney of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the first lawsuit filed against the new Trump administration by California, which has promised to serve as a bulwark against actions that state officials see as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply disappointed that we’re here one day into the new administration and also not at all surprised,” Bonta said at the press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump is following through on a campaign promise,” he continued. “Today, I’m also following through on a promise to take action if Trump violates the law and infringes on our rights, on your rights, as he did today with what is frankly an un-American executive order. I have one message for President Trump: I’ll see you in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12023242 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Presser_IMG_5746-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney General Rob Bonta (second from right), City Attorney David Chiu (center), Gabriel Medina from La Raza Immigration Services, and others, at a press conference on Tuesday, Jan 21, 2025, to announce preliminary injunction against President Donald Trump’s birthright citizenship order. \u003ccite>(Gilare Zada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Noting the century-plus of Supreme Court precedent, Bonta said the questions around birthright citizenship were “done and dusted.” “Of course, to Trump, law and order, judicial precedents, constitutional rights have little bearing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state political leaders and immigrant advocates are also considering lawsuits over Trump’s directive to use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/declaring-a-national-emergency-at-the-southern-border-of-the-united-states/\">military for immigration enforcement\u003c/a> and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measures are part of a raft of executive actions Trump signed Monday addressing immigration and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta told KQED on Monday that his office has spent months preparing and coordinating with Democratic attorneys general from other states and advocacy organizations within California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our North Star is the rule of law. And the question we ask ourselves is, ‘Is he violating the law?’” Bonta said. “To undermine birthright citizenship without going through the process … to amend the Constitution? We will take him to court, and we believe very strongly that we will prevail. The president cannot amend the Constitution unilaterally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta pointed out that it was a San Francisco-born son of Chinese immigrants, Wong Kim Ark, who sued all the way to the Supreme Court in 1898 when his citizenship was challenged at the border. \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/supreme-court-case-library/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-1898\">His case set the precedent establishing birthright citizenship\u003c/a> under the 14th Amendment of the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s very much a California story and a Bay Area story,” Bonta said. “It’s obviously now impacting millions of people who enjoy birthright citizenship from a lot of different heritages and national origins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Attorney David Chiu, who joined the lawsuit, spoke Tuesday about Wong’s case and said “The story of birthright citizenship is as San Francisco as they come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To deny some children the basic rights that other children in our country have will create a permanent, multi-generational underclass of those who will have been born in our country but will never have lived anywhere else and be effectively stateless,” Chiu said. “These children will not be able to naturalize or obtain citizenship from another country. They will live under constant threat of deportation. And as they age, they won’t be able to work lawfully or vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009320\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009320\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/240815-CityAttorneyDeepfakes-10-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Attorney David Chiu speaks during a press conference at City Hall in San Francisco on Aug. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to the “personal chaos” that Chiu said Trump’s order would create for the immigrant community, he noted that it would lead to the loss of federal funding for public benefits programs like food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such funding is based in part on the number of eligible recipients, and “without Social Security numbers, San Francisco cannot verify otherwise eligible newborns who qualify for these programs,” Chiu said, although the city “will still have to bear the inherent costs of caring for our residents, whether or not they have Social Security numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta added that his office will be reviewing the president’s order to use the military for immigration enforcement and deciding whether to challenge it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus joined the American Civil Liberties Union and other groups to \u003ca href=\"https://statedemocracydefenders.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/birthright-final-complaint.pdf\">file a lawsuit\u003c/a> over Trump’s birthright citizenship order on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aarti Kohli, the Asian Law Caucus’ executive director, said her organization is determined to protect the civil rights of Bay Area immigrants and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re born here, you are a citizen — period. No politician, including President Trump, can decide who is American and who is not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936087\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-915911080-e1737482651615.jpg\" alt=\"A border patrol vehicle in partial view behind a tall border fence.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A US Border Patrol vehicle sits parked next to a secondary fence along the US-Mexico border in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Daniel Acker/Bloomberg via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kohli said she was also alarmed by the possibility that Trump could invoke the Alien Enemies Act, a 1798 law that allows the deportation of foreign nationals of a country at war with the U.S., to go after immigrant gang members, something he pledged in his inaugural address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The act was last used during World War II to imprison Japanese, German and Italian immigrants, a move the federal government later repudiated as discriminatory. In 1983, the Asian Law Caucus helped overturn the conviction of \u003ca href=\"https://korematsuinstitute.org\">Fred Korematsu\u003c/a>, an Oakland man who refused the U.S. Army’s order to go into an incarceration camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this playbook before — using national security as a pretext to target specific communities,” Kohli said. “History shows that harsh immigration policies don’t make us safer or more prosperous. They destabilize communities, hurt local businesses that depend on immigrant workers and divert resources from addressing genuine public safety concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, Bonta has been touring the state to spread the word about the state’s “sanctuary laws,” such as the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">2017 California Values Act\u003c/a>, which limit local law enforcement and public resources from being used to assist the federal government in immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State laws don’t prevent immigration enforcement agencies from operating in California, and the U.S. Border Patrol arrested 78 people in Kern County last week. The incident sparked fear in immigrant communities, and some agricultural workers reportedly stayed away from their jobs for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masih Fouladi, executive director of the California Immigrant Policy Center, said his organization is working with other groups to offer “know your rights” workshops to immigrants who may lack legal status. Among other things, he counsels immigrants not to open the door for immigration agents unless they can produce a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fouladi said he is concerned that Trump’s declaration of a national emergency at the border to mobilize military resources could lead to mistreatment of migrants and violations of their rights, similar to what occurred when the first Trump administration declared a “zero tolerance” policy, which led to migrant children being forcibly separated from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those types of policies the last time around were so dehumanizing that tore families apart and led to family separation,” he said. “We will be working with local and state elected officials to see how we can make sure that families, at least here in California, are as protected as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Trump rescinded a number of former President Joe Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions/\">executive orders on immigration\u003c/a>, including measures to coordinate with other countries in addressing the causes of migration, reunify separated migrant families and rebuild the refugee resettlement program dismantled during the first Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also signed presidential actions to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Halt refugee admissions for at least four months.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prosecute unauthorized immigrants.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hold more unauthorized immigrants in detention until they are deported.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terminate Biden-era humanitarian parole protections to certain migrants from countries including Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela, as well as those vetted at border appointments scheduled with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/about/mobile-apps-directory/cbpone\">CBP One smartphone app\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Continue the wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Designate cartels as terrorist organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reinstate the “Remain in Mexico” policy of his first term, which required asylum seekers to await their immigration court hearings outside the U.S.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish new Homeland Security task forces in every state, with local as well as federal law enforcement participation, a move that would challenge California’s sanctuary laws.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Trump Wants to Deport Immigrants Accused of Crimes. California Sheriffs Could Play a Key Role",
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"content": "\u003cp>California sheriffs once again find themselves navigating a difficult political calculus on immigration as President \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a> begins his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can enforce a state sanctuary law that some of them personally oppose, or they can roll out the welcome mat to federal immigration enforcement authorities whom Trump has promised will carry out the largest deportation program in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some California sheriffs have pledged not to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement authorities, based on their own policies or laws passed by their counties, and will forbid immigration agents from using county personnel, property or databases without a federal warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others said that while California law prevents direct cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, immigration authorities are free to use their jail websites and fingerprints databases to identify people of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several state leaders would prefer we do not have any communication with ICE, however, that is not what (the laws) say,” said Fresno County Sheriff John Zanoni. “ICE may access jail bookings through our public website and fingerprint information put into the national database to identify any incarcerated persons of interest to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one sheriff, Chad Bianco of Riverside County, said he would work around California law, if he could, to ensure more people are deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters attempted to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/01/california-sheriffs-immigration-ice-tracker/\">contact all 58 sheriff’s offices in California\u003c/a>. Twenty-seven responded by Friday afternoon. Most sheriffs who responded simply said they will follow state law, spelled out in a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">bill passed during the first Trump administration\u003c/a> that limited California law enforcement participation in immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump’s inauguration today, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/01/kern-county-immigration-sweep/\">immigration raids in the Central Valley\u003c/a> earlier this month already had undocumented migrants and their families concerned about massive enforcement sweeps on immigrant-dependent industries like agriculture. Trump and cabinet officials from his first term have \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/how-sheriffs-might-power-trumps-deportation-machine\">pledged “targeted arrests”\u003c/a> of undocumented people, and view local law enforcement as “force multipliers” of that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs could play an influential role in determining whether someone gets arrested and deported because they manage the state’s local jail system, where people suspected of committing crimes are held while awaiting trial. A bill named after a slain Georgia nursing student that is expected to pass in Congress could enhance sheriffs’ sway over \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/immigration/\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> by prioritizing deportations of undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/17/laken-riley-act-clears-critical-senate-hurdle\">arrested on suspicion of burglary\u003c/a> and shoplifting, regardless of whether they’re convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of sheriffs who responded to a CalMatters inquiry said they were balancing their duties with their need for cooperation from frightened immigrant communities. They worry those communities will shun all law enforcement if they fear deportation based on their immigration status alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know how many calls I’ve gotten from Hispanics in my area that I’ve known, I’ve grown up with, they’re all worried about family members,” said Mendocino County Sheriff Matt Kendall. “I’ve got in-laws through my children calling me because they’re concerned, but let’s look at the ability to actually enforce this crap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell, I’ve got 50 deputies and I can barely keep a lid on crime in a county of 90,000. How are these guys coming out here with all of this ‘We’re gonna deport 10 million people’ or something. No, that’s ridiculous. It’s not gonna happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendall said he undoubtedly has people in his community who have committed serious crimes and are also undocumented, and wants those people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they want to go out and deport all the criminals, knock yourselves out, but let’s pick and choose what’s important and what is not,”he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consistent theme: Every sheriff who responded to CalMatters said immigration enforcement isn’t their job. But some of them went further, pledging not to honor immigration holds, while others said they will neither “prevent nor hinder” immigration enforcement agents from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sanctuary law divided California sheriffs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Gov. Jerry Brown signed legislation making California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-5b325d95a9c548e29b887de8b2303b76%20California%20becomes%20sanctuary%20state%20as%20governor%20signs%20bill\">a sanctuary state\u003c/a> in 2017, barring police from inquiring about people’s immigration status and participating in federal immigration enforcement, the reaction from the Trump administration was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration cut off hundreds of millions of dollars in law enforcement grants to sanctuary cities that limited cooperation with federal immigration authorities. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/exclusive-us-justice-department-ends-trump-era-limits-grants-sanctuary-cities-2021-04-28/\">Biden administration restored the grants\u003c/a> in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California sheriffs were outspoken critics of the sanctuary law during Trump’s previous presidency. A group of San Joaquin Valley sheriffs traveled with Trump to the border in 2019, where they endorsed his immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12023106\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux, said he doesn’t agree with California’s sanctuary law, and said any governor who supports it should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boudreaux said he wants to distinguish between targeted enforcement of “felonious” people, which he supports, and massive immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, if they come into the area saying, ‘Hey, we’re just going to scoop up as many people as we can that are here illegally,’ we’re not going to do that, because (we) have a community to serve,” Boudreaux said. “If you can separate the difference between that, you should be able to see what I mean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudreaux pledged to keep working with federal immigration authorities within the parameters of California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(If) I have a federal counterpart that comes into my county asking for assistance, I’m going to give it to them,” Boudreaux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianco, the Riverside County sheriff and one of Trump’s most outspoken allies in California, took office in 2019. Now, Bianco said he’s ready to work around state law to step up immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will do everything in my power to make sure I keep the residents of Riverside County safe,” Bianco \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxla.com/news/how-local-sheriffs-plan-trumps-immigration-policy\">said to KTTV-TV in November\u003c/a>. “If that involves working somehow around (California’s sanctuary law) with ICE so we can deport these people victimizing us and our residents, you can be 100% sure I’m going to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigrant advocates watching sheriffs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eva Bitran, Immigrants’ Rights project coordinator at the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, said her organization would be watching for violations of the state sanctuary law, which would typically involve police calling federal immigration authorities at jails or during arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Daniel Valenzuela in 2019, when Corona police interrogated him about his immigration status during a traffic stop, then transferred him to U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents. Valenzuela was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU sued the city of Corona, which paid Valenzuela a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/press-releases/city-corona-pay-settlement-man-turned-over-border-agents\">$35,000 settlement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our expectation is that the sheriffs will follow the law,” Bitran said. “We will be watching to ensure they do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants wait to receive toiletry items at Moviemiento Juventud 2000 in Tijuana on July 26, 2023. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Los Angeles County banned the warrantless transfer of inmates to immigration enforcement custody. Los Angeles County Sheriff Robert Luna said his department does not honor immigration detainers unless presented with a federal warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2018 and 2023, the last date for which data was available, there were \u003ca href=\"https://data-openjustice.doj.ca.gov/sites/default/files/dataset/2024-07/SB54%20Transfers%202018-2023_07022024.csv\">4,192 transfers of people\u003c/a> from California jails to immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s street enforcement that has people worried in both the Central Valley and downtown Oakland, where the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office is already trying to tamp down rumors of immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to assure you that this information is false,” said Alameda County Sheriff’s Sgt. Roberto Morales. “This information has caused panic and anxiety in our communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we respect criminal warrants issued by a judge, Sheriff’s Office personnel do not comply with administrative immigration warrants. Importantly, we believe that local law enforcement involvement in ICE deportation operations undermines our community policing strategies and depletes local resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters reporter Cayla Mihalovich contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Donald Trump wants to deport undocumented immigrants arrested on suspicion of various crimes. That could put sheriffs overseeing California jails in conflict with the state’s sanctuary law.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California sheriffs once again find themselves navigating a difficult political calculus on immigration as President \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a> begins his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can enforce a state sanctuary law that some of them personally oppose, or they can roll out the welcome mat to federal immigration enforcement authorities whom Trump has promised will carry out the largest deportation program in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some California sheriffs have pledged not to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement authorities, based on their own policies or laws passed by their counties, and will forbid immigration agents from using county personnel, property or databases without a federal warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others said that while California law prevents direct cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, immigration authorities are free to use their jail websites and fingerprints databases to identify people of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several state leaders would prefer we do not have any communication with ICE, however, that is not what (the laws) say,” said Fresno County Sheriff John Zanoni. “ICE may access jail bookings through our public website and fingerprint information put into the national database to identify any incarcerated persons of interest to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one sheriff, Chad Bianco of Riverside County, said he would work around California law, if he could, to ensure more people are deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters attempted to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/01/california-sheriffs-immigration-ice-tracker/\">contact all 58 sheriff’s offices in California\u003c/a>. Twenty-seven responded by Friday afternoon. Most sheriffs who responded simply said they will follow state law, spelled out in a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">bill passed during the first Trump administration\u003c/a> that limited California law enforcement participation in immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump’s inauguration today, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/01/kern-county-immigration-sweep/\">immigration raids in the Central Valley\u003c/a> earlier this month already had undocumented migrants and their families concerned about massive enforcement sweeps on immigrant-dependent industries like agriculture. Trump and cabinet officials from his first term have \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/how-sheriffs-might-power-trumps-deportation-machine\">pledged “targeted arrests”\u003c/a> of undocumented people, and view local law enforcement as “force multipliers” of that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs could play an influential role in determining whether someone gets arrested and deported because they manage the state’s local jail system, where people suspected of committing crimes are held while awaiting trial. A bill named after a slain Georgia nursing student that is expected to pass in Congress could enhance sheriffs’ sway over \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/immigration/\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> by prioritizing deportations of undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/17/laken-riley-act-clears-critical-senate-hurdle\">arrested on suspicion of burglary\u003c/a> and shoplifting, regardless of whether they’re convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of sheriffs who responded to a CalMatters inquiry said they were balancing their duties with their need for cooperation from frightened immigrant communities. They worry those communities will shun all law enforcement if they fear deportation based on their immigration status alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know how many calls I’ve gotten from Hispanics in my area that I’ve known, I’ve grown up with, they’re all worried about family members,” said Mendocino County Sheriff Matt Kendall. “I’ve got in-laws through my children calling me because they’re concerned, but let’s look at the ability to actually enforce this crap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell, I’ve got 50 deputies and I can barely keep a lid on crime in a county of 90,000. How are these guys coming out here with all of this ‘We’re gonna deport 10 million people’ or something. No, that’s ridiculous. It’s not gonna happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendall said he undoubtedly has people in his community who have committed serious crimes and are also undocumented, and wants those people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they want to go out and deport all the criminals, knock yourselves out, but let’s pick and choose what’s important and what is not,”he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consistent theme: Every sheriff who responded to CalMatters said immigration enforcement isn’t their job. But some of them went further, pledging not to honor immigration holds, while others said they will neither “prevent nor hinder” immigration enforcement agents from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sanctuary law divided California sheriffs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Gov. Jerry Brown signed legislation making California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-5b325d95a9c548e29b887de8b2303b76%20California%20becomes%20sanctuary%20state%20as%20governor%20signs%20bill\">a sanctuary state\u003c/a> in 2017, barring police from inquiring about people’s immigration status and participating in federal immigration enforcement, the reaction from the Trump administration was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration cut off hundreds of millions of dollars in law enforcement grants to sanctuary cities that limited cooperation with federal immigration authorities. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/exclusive-us-justice-department-ends-trump-era-limits-grants-sanctuary-cities-2021-04-28/\">Biden administration restored the grants\u003c/a> in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California sheriffs were outspoken critics of the sanctuary law during Trump’s previous presidency. A group of San Joaquin Valley sheriffs traveled with Trump to the border in 2019, where they endorsed his immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12023106\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/020323_Mike-Boudreaux_AP_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux, said he doesn’t agree with California’s sanctuary law, and said any governor who supports it should be removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boudreaux said he wants to distinguish between targeted enforcement of “felonious” people, which he supports, and massive immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, if they come into the area saying, ‘Hey, we’re just going to scoop up as many people as we can that are here illegally,’ we’re not going to do that, because (we) have a community to serve,” Boudreaux said. “If you can separate the difference between that, you should be able to see what I mean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudreaux pledged to keep working with federal immigration authorities within the parameters of California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(If) I have a federal counterpart that comes into my county asking for assistance, I’m going to give it to them,” Boudreaux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianco, the Riverside County sheriff and one of Trump’s most outspoken allies in California, took office in 2019. Now, Bianco said he’s ready to work around state law to step up immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will do everything in my power to make sure I keep the residents of Riverside County safe,” Bianco \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxla.com/news/how-local-sheriffs-plan-trumps-immigration-policy\">said to KTTV-TV in November\u003c/a>. “If that involves working somehow around (California’s sanctuary law) with ICE so we can deport these people victimizing us and our residents, you can be 100% sure I’m going to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigrant advocates watching sheriffs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eva Bitran, Immigrants’ Rights project coordinator at the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, said her organization would be watching for violations of the state sanctuary law, which would typically involve police calling federal immigration authorities at jails or during arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Daniel Valenzuela in 2019, when Corona police interrogated him about his immigration status during a traffic stop, then transferred him to U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents. Valenzuela was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU sued the city of Corona, which paid Valenzuela a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/press-releases/city-corona-pay-settlement-man-turned-over-border-agents\">$35,000 settlement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our expectation is that the sheriffs will follow the law,” Bitran said. “We will be watching to ensure they do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/072623_Movimiento_Juventud_Migrants_AH_CM_03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants wait to receive toiletry items at Moviemiento Juventud 2000 in Tijuana on July 26, 2023. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Los Angeles County banned the warrantless transfer of inmates to immigration enforcement custody. Los Angeles County Sheriff Robert Luna said his department does not honor immigration detainers unless presented with a federal warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2018 and 2023, the last date for which data was available, there were \u003ca href=\"https://data-openjustice.doj.ca.gov/sites/default/files/dataset/2024-07/SB54%20Transfers%202018-2023_07022024.csv\">4,192 transfers of people\u003c/a> from California jails to immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s street enforcement that has people worried in both the Central Valley and downtown Oakland, where the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office is already trying to tamp down rumors of immigration raids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to assure you that this information is false,” said Alameda County Sheriff’s Sgt. Roberto Morales. “This information has caused panic and anxiety in our communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we respect criminal warrants issued by a judge, Sheriff’s Office personnel do not comply with administrative immigration warrants. Importantly, we believe that local law enforcement involvement in ICE deportation operations undermines our community policing strategies and depletes local resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters reporter Cayla Mihalovich contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump took the oath of office today in the Capitol, ushering in a new era in Washington, D.C. and the country. In a break from tradition, Trump used his inaugural address to attack his predecessor, crow about his electoral victory, preview the policies he intends to implement and declare a new “golden age of America.” Marisa and Scott are joined by Melissa Murray, a law professor at New York University and co-host of the podcast “Strict Scrutiny,” to talk about the legal limitations of Trump’s promises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>That revving you hear from Sacramento is the sound of California’s Democratic leaders preparing to sue the tar out of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen this all before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2018/03/becerra-v-trump-california-using-courts-fight-administration/\">California sued the Trump administration 123 times\u003c/a> between 2017 and 2021, according to Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office. It \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/01/california-cost-trump-lawsuits/\">spent about $10 million a year\u003c/a> in doing so. A majority of the lawsuits dealt with environment rules, immigration and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal and policy expect those same issues to take center stage during Trump 2.0.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Bonta’s team started to prepare legal briefs months ahead of the election, it’s why Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">called for a special legislative session\u003c/a> to “Trump-proof” California, and it’s why state Democrats have agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/california-trump-legal-fees-fund/\">allocate $50 million to fight Trump\u003c/a> in court — a move that \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/J_GallagherAD3/status/1878599444003959053\">state Republicans denounced\u003c/a> as a “slush fund” for “hypothetical fights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump lost more than two-thirds of the lawsuits filed against his rules in his first term. His win rate of 31% was lower than that of the three administrations prior, \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/tracking-major-rules/presidential-win-rates\">according to an analysis\u003c/a> by the Institute of Policy Integrity at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do California’s past legal skirmishes with the Trump administration 1.0 tell us about the policy battles to come? And how might this time be different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many experts say the new Trump administration could be more strategic and wise this time. In his first round, his policy proposals were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us/trump-administrations-sloppy-work-has-led-to-supreme-court-losses-idUSKBN23P3M1/\">often rushed through\u003c/a> and failed to pass legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something we are certainly worried about this second time around, that they’ll make the same policy decisions that are bad from our perspective, but do it again in a smarter way that makes them harder to challenge,” said Eva Bitrán, director of immigrants’ rights and staff attorney at American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another possible difference: The rules have changed. At the end of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2023 term, the conservative majority issued a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/07/california-supreme-court-chevron/\">series of rulings\u003c/a> that, taken together, make it much easier for people, businesses and aggrieved state governments to challenge federal regulations. At the time, these rulings were seen as a historic victory for the conservative legal movement and big business. Now that Trump is back in office, it may actually make the California attorney general’s job of stymying the Trump agenda easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s record in court against Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Environment: Wins on procedure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California prides itself on being a national leader on ecologically-minded rules and aggressive climate action. That brings it into natural conflict with any modern Republican White House, but especially the Trump administration.Roughly half of the lawsuits that the state filed against the Trump administration the first time around were related in some way to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning on administrative procedure. California’s Department of Justice racked up a lot of legal wins early on in Trump’s term. The vast majority of them were over important but relatively narrow policy debates around \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/epa-states-settle-lawsuit-over-imported-asbestos-2021-06-08/\">asbestos oversight rules\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/397687-court-blocks-epa-policy-against-enforcing-truck-pollution-rule/\">big rigs\u003c/a> that use old engine components, energy efficiency requirements on freezers and ceiling fans (that was two cases), among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with many \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/the-real-reason-president-trump-is-constantly-losing-in-court/2019/03/19/f5ffb056-33a8-11e9-af5b-b51b7ff322e9_story.html\">other areas of policy\u003c/a>, California was able to eke out these easy victories by persuading courts that the Trump administration had rushed rules through without explaining their rationale, providing sufficient evidence or giving the public the opportunity to weigh in. These are violations of the Administrative Procedure Act, which is the bureaucratic equivalent of failing to do your homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Trump 2.0 may be more careful this time, his \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-2024-government-regulations-democrats-6badc3b424b9eff3ba51e0ec35a8d824\">pledge to fire thousands\u003c/a> of career civil servants may also make the task of writing regulations that pass legal muster that much more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The waiver wars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of California’s most successful legal challenges ended with a victory outside the court, said Julia Stein, an environmental law professor at UCLA. After the Trump administration revoked California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-auto-emissions-standards-fight-with-donald-trump-explained/\">permission to set its own emission limits\u003c/a> on car exhaust — which comes from an Environmental Protection Agency waiver of the federal law’s preeminence over state rules — California sued. Then it sued again. Though the legal battle never quite reached a conclusion before Trump left office in 2021, the prolonged regulatory uncertainty was enough to convince some of the world’s biggest automakers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-clean-car-emissions/\">cut a deal directly with California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein said she wouldn’t be surprised if that serves as a template for other regulated industries as California and the second Trump administration inevitably resume their legal battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think businesses are going to feel like, ‘well, I still need to make investment decisions and I still need to contend with different state regulatory environments and federal regulatory environments and so I might want to start entering into private agreements,’” said Stein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023098\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Threemile Slough in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta near Rio Vista on May 19, 2024. The Delta is formed by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers before their waters flow into San Francisco Bay. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Waters of the United States\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California and other blue states spent the bulk of Trump’s first term beefing in court over how to define a “waterway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a semantic debate with enormous implications. Since the 1970s, the Clean Water Act has been the main way that federal regulators have battled water pollution. In 2015, the Obama administration expanded the definition of waterways covered under the law to include many wetlands and streams that only pop up during rainstorms. Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency suspended that rule, reintroduced an old one, then came up with a new rule of its own, getting sued at every step. California didn’t end up formally winning in court, but the state did run out the clock in time for President Joe Biden to take over in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story doesn’t end there. In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court backed a narrower definition of the Clean Water Act, effectively taking Trump’s side of things. But California remains its own regulatory bastion; its stringent water quality rules remain in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: There’s no shortage of ways that California might \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/11/california-trump-environmental-policies/\">disagree with the incoming Trump administration on environmental matters\u003c/a>, but the past is likely to be a pretty good guide. Expect the waiver wars to continue. California offered a taste of what’s to come before Biden was even out of office when it \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/01/trump-california-withdraws-diesel-clean-air-rules/\">abandoned a proposed ban on diesel trucks\u003c/a>, anticipating an unwinnable battle with Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other areas of possible disagreement abound. They include disputes over green infrastructure spending, offshore energy projects, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/09/biden-sends-more-fire-aid-california-00197436\">wildfire relief funds\u003c/a>, new \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-national-monuments-california-event-canceled-wildfires-2cdbdb8ee3af0214dee71b65892f2f14\">national monuments\u003c/a> created by Biden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/climate/trump-epa-science.html\">limits on the use of academic research\u003c/a> to inform environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigration: Travel bans and sanctuary cities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people protested at airports in the first week of the previous Trump administration when he issued an executive order banning people from \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/29/protest-trump-travel-ban-muslims-airports\">seven Muslim-majority nations\u003c/a> from entering the United States. It kicked off years of battles over immigration enforcement, and California had a mixed record in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Travel bans\u003c/strong>. The Trump administration tried multiple times to enact his order restricting travel from those Muslim-majority nations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622854/california-revives-lawsuit-against-trump-travel-ban\">California and others sued\u003c/a>, arguing that not only was the policy discriminatory, but that it was also bound to harm the economy, businesses and universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s first two attempts were struck down, but in 2018 the Supreme Court upheld his third version of the ban. \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/proclamation-ending-discriminatory-bans-on-entry-to-the-united-states/\">Biden reversed the order\u003c/a> on his first day in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the cases where California lost, like this one, the fact that it took three rounds for the ban to be upheld, that’s helpful,” Bitrán at ACLU Southern California said. “Throwing sand in the gears and slowing them down has a protective effect on California’s immigrant communities, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023099\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Border Patrol agent leads a group of migrants seeking asylum towards a van to be transported and processed, near Dulzura on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gregory Bull/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanctuary funding\u003c/strong>. During the first Trump administration, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">California passed a “sanctuary state” law\u003c/a> to protect undocumented immigrants from deportation. That protection \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/11/immigrant-deportation-california-trump/\">does have exceptions\u003c/a> — it does not apply to people convicted of violent crimes or serious offenses, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump said he planned to withhold certain federal dollars \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2017/02/trump-suggests-yanking-fed-dollars-if-california-is-a-sanctuary-statecan-he-do-that/\">from “sanctuary jurisdictions”\u003c/a> unless they cooperated with federal immigration authorities, the state, along with San Francisco, sued. That funding included \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-sues-trump-administration-imposing-unlawful-new-grant\">about $28 million for the state of California\u003c/a> that supports recidivism prevention, at-risk youth and other law enforcement programs, former state Attorney General Xavier Becerra said at the time. A \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/410149-california-judge-rules-against-sessionss-effort-to-hit-sanctuary/\">federal judge sided with California\u003c/a>, calling Trump’s order unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting DACA\u003c/strong>. In what some immigration attorneys call a landmark case, the state and the University of California Board of Regents participated in the defense of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, which allows immigrants brought to the U.S. as children to stay and work in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the program does not grant people legal status, it does protect them from deportation. In June 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/829858289/supreme-court-upholds-daca-in-blow-to-trump-administration\">Supreme Court ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the so-called DREAMers, blocking Trump’s plan to end the DACA program. This ruling shielded some 700,000 DREAMers, including about 200,000 residing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: Top of mind for immigration advocates is the promise of mass deportations, including Trump’s threat to use the military to carry out raids. A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/01/kern-county-immigration-sweep/\">recent raid in Kern County\u003c/a>, made waves throughout the state as a preview of what is potentially to come. Axios first reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/09/trump-immigration-executive-orders-stephen-miller\">Trump plans to issue 100 executive orders\u003c/a> on his first day back in the Oval Office, many of which are reported to be centered on immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could also \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/new-rule-casts-shadow-on-immigrants-use-of-government-benefits/\">reinstate a public charge policy\u003c/a> from his first term that sought to make it harder for immigrants to get green cards if they use, or were likely to use, safety net programs, such as Medicaid or food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts also expect to see more fights around federal funding, restrictions for asylum seekers, and renewed efforts to end DACA or other temporary protected status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Health care: Obamacare and more\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In round 1, Trump tried just about everything to pick away and dismantle the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. And while he was successful in nixing provisions of it, the health law today continues to stand. Some advocates and experts credit in part California’s move to interfere and defend the law during Trump’s last term for the fact that millions continue to have health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defending the Affordable Care Act\u003c/strong>. Trump’s main attempt to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539907467/senate-careens-toward-high-drama-midnight-health-care-vote\">repeal the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a> failed when the Senate rejected a bill that would have undone former President Barack Obama’s signature law. A second challenge to the law followed when Texas filed a lawsuit contesting its constitutionality. Because the Trump administration did not move to defend the federal health law, 17 states led by California, intervened to make the case for keeping the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023100\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A booth for information on Covered California at the California Native Americans Day celebration at the state Capitol on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While this was not a challenge initiated by California, advocates say California played a unique and instrumental role in the law’s defense. California essentially “stepped in for a Justice Department that was no longer doing its job on behalf of the nation” and defended the law in court, said Anthony Wright, executive director at Families USA, a consumer health advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2021, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2021/06/court-again-leaves-affordable-care-act-in-place/\">Supreme Court ruled in California’s favor\u003c/a> to preserve the Affordable Care Act. Had the decision gone Texas’ way, approximately 20 million Americans, including 5 million Californians, could have lost their coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health care subsidies\u003c/strong>. California also went to bat for health care subsidies that help make Obamacare coverage more affordable. In 2017, Trump announced the federal government would stop paying insurers for cost-sharing subsidies that help offset out-of-pocket expenses, like deductibles and copays. Becerra and 17 other state attorney generals filed a lawsuit on behalf of the estimated 6 million Americans who would have been affected by this change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='donald-trump' label='More Trump Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/finance/judge-dismisses-californias-lawsuit-over-halted-cost-sharing-payments\">placed its lawsuit on hold\u003c/a> when marketplaces and insurers found a workaround to offset those losses by increasing premiums on certain plans (but also premium aid), and the case was eventually closed. While this was not a court win, per say, Wright said California’s administrative response was still a win for consumers. “It was a way so that people’s copayments and deductibles didn’t spike to unaffordable levels,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Title X ‘gag’ rule\u003c/strong>. Title X is a federal program created in the 1970s that provides free or low cost family planning services to people with low incomes. In 2018, Trump proposed a “gag rule” that prohibited clinics receiving Title X funding from performing or referring patients to abortion services. Home to about a fourth of all Title X patients, California along with others challenged the policy change, but a ruling by a federal appeals court judge ultimately allowed it to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the rule change, many clinics stopped participating in the Title X program. That meant that the program served \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/rebuilding-the-title-x-network-under-the-biden-administration/\">about 60% fewer patients\u003c/a> between 2018 and 2020, according to KFF, a health policy research center. The Biden administration eventually revoked Trump’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: Health advocates say they’ll be closely watching everything from reproductive choice and access to gender-affirming care to potential cuts or caps on Medicaid spending. Medicaid, better known as Medi-Cal in California, serves close to a third of the state population, and reductions in funding for this program would be deeply consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding is the key word. While the state can do a lot to protect Californian’s access to care — as the Legislature has attempted to do with a slate of laws over the last few years — it also depends greatly on federal funding to make that happen, said Amanda McAllister-Wallner, interim executive director at Health Access California, a consumer advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big takeaway and a big lesson learned from this last time around is we can do a lot here in California to protect consumers, to uphold California values,” McAllister said. “But without the federal funding to guarantee access to health care for folks, it’s really hard to keep people enrolled and to keep people with coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California sued Donald Trump 123 times during his first presidency. Trump lost about two-thirds of cases filed against his administration, but that doesn’t guarantee the same results this time around.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>That revving you hear from Sacramento is the sound of California’s Democratic leaders preparing to sue the tar out of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen this all before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2018/03/becerra-v-trump-california-using-courts-fight-administration/\">California sued the Trump administration 123 times\u003c/a> between 2017 and 2021, according to Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office. It \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/01/california-cost-trump-lawsuits/\">spent about $10 million a year\u003c/a> in doing so. A majority of the lawsuits dealt with environment rules, immigration and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal and policy expect those same issues to take center stage during Trump 2.0.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Bonta’s team started to prepare legal briefs months ahead of the election, it’s why Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">called for a special legislative session\u003c/a> to “Trump-proof” California, and it’s why state Democrats have agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/california-trump-legal-fees-fund/\">allocate $50 million to fight Trump\u003c/a> in court — a move that \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/J_GallagherAD3/status/1878599444003959053\">state Republicans denounced\u003c/a> as a “slush fund” for “hypothetical fights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump lost more than two-thirds of the lawsuits filed against his rules in his first term. His win rate of 31% was lower than that of the three administrations prior, \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/tracking-major-rules/presidential-win-rates\">according to an analysis\u003c/a> by the Institute of Policy Integrity at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do California’s past legal skirmishes with the Trump administration 1.0 tell us about the policy battles to come? And how might this time be different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many experts say the new Trump administration could be more strategic and wise this time. In his first round, his policy proposals were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us/trump-administrations-sloppy-work-has-led-to-supreme-court-losses-idUSKBN23P3M1/\">often rushed through\u003c/a> and failed to pass legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something we are certainly worried about this second time around, that they’ll make the same policy decisions that are bad from our perspective, but do it again in a smarter way that makes them harder to challenge,” said Eva Bitrán, director of immigrants’ rights and staff attorney at American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another possible difference: The rules have changed. At the end of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2023 term, the conservative majority issued a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/07/california-supreme-court-chevron/\">series of rulings\u003c/a> that, taken together, make it much easier for people, businesses and aggrieved state governments to challenge federal regulations. At the time, these rulings were seen as a historic victory for the conservative legal movement and big business. Now that Trump is back in office, it may actually make the California attorney general’s job of stymying the Trump agenda easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s record in court against Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Environment: Wins on procedure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California prides itself on being a national leader on ecologically-minded rules and aggressive climate action. That brings it into natural conflict with any modern Republican White House, but especially the Trump administration.Roughly half of the lawsuits that the state filed against the Trump administration the first time around were related in some way to the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning on administrative procedure. California’s Department of Justice racked up a lot of legal wins early on in Trump’s term. The vast majority of them were over important but relatively narrow policy debates around \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/epa-states-settle-lawsuit-over-imported-asbestos-2021-06-08/\">asbestos oversight rules\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/397687-court-blocks-epa-policy-against-enforcing-truck-pollution-rule/\">big rigs\u003c/a> that use old engine components, energy efficiency requirements on freezers and ceiling fans (that was two cases), among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with many \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/the-real-reason-president-trump-is-constantly-losing-in-court/2019/03/19/f5ffb056-33a8-11e9-af5b-b51b7ff322e9_story.html\">other areas of policy\u003c/a>, California was able to eke out these easy victories by persuading courts that the Trump administration had rushed rules through without explaining their rationale, providing sufficient evidence or giving the public the opportunity to weigh in. These are violations of the Administrative Procedure Act, which is the bureaucratic equivalent of failing to do your homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Trump 2.0 may be more careful this time, his \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-2024-government-regulations-democrats-6badc3b424b9eff3ba51e0ec35a8d824\">pledge to fire thousands\u003c/a> of career civil servants may also make the task of writing regulations that pass legal muster that much more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The waiver wars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of California’s most successful legal challenges ended with a victory outside the court, said Julia Stein, an environmental law professor at UCLA. After the Trump administration revoked California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-auto-emissions-standards-fight-with-donald-trump-explained/\">permission to set its own emission limits\u003c/a> on car exhaust — which comes from an Environmental Protection Agency waiver of the federal law’s preeminence over state rules — California sued. Then it sued again. Though the legal battle never quite reached a conclusion before Trump left office in 2021, the prolonged regulatory uncertainty was enough to convince some of the world’s biggest automakers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-clean-car-emissions/\">cut a deal directly with California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein said she wouldn’t be surprised if that serves as a template for other regulated industries as California and the second Trump administration inevitably resume their legal battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think businesses are going to feel like, ‘well, I still need to make investment decisions and I still need to contend with different state regulatory environments and federal regulatory environments and so I might want to start entering into private agreements,’” said Stein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023098\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Threemile Slough in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta near Rio Vista on May 19, 2024. The Delta is formed by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers before their waters flow into San Francisco Bay. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Waters of the United States\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California and other blue states spent the bulk of Trump’s first term beefing in court over how to define a “waterway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a semantic debate with enormous implications. Since the 1970s, the Clean Water Act has been the main way that federal regulators have battled water pollution. In 2015, the Obama administration expanded the definition of waterways covered under the law to include many wetlands and streams that only pop up during rainstorms. Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency suspended that rule, reintroduced an old one, then came up with a new rule of its own, getting sued at every step. California didn’t end up formally winning in court, but the state did run out the clock in time for President Joe Biden to take over in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story doesn’t end there. In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court backed a narrower definition of the Clean Water Act, effectively taking Trump’s side of things. But California remains its own regulatory bastion; its stringent water quality rules remain in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: There’s no shortage of ways that California might \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/11/california-trump-environmental-policies/\">disagree with the incoming Trump administration on environmental matters\u003c/a>, but the past is likely to be a pretty good guide. Expect the waiver wars to continue. California offered a taste of what’s to come before Biden was even out of office when it \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/01/trump-california-withdraws-diesel-clean-air-rules/\">abandoned a proposed ban on diesel trucks\u003c/a>, anticipating an unwinnable battle with Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other areas of possible disagreement abound. They include disputes over green infrastructure spending, offshore energy projects, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/09/biden-sends-more-fire-aid-california-00197436\">wildfire relief funds\u003c/a>, new \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-national-monuments-california-event-canceled-wildfires-2cdbdb8ee3af0214dee71b65892f2f14\">national monuments\u003c/a> created by Biden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/climate/trump-epa-science.html\">limits on the use of academic research\u003c/a> to inform environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigration: Travel bans and sanctuary cities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people protested at airports in the first week of the previous Trump administration when he issued an executive order banning people from \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/29/protest-trump-travel-ban-muslims-airports\">seven Muslim-majority nations\u003c/a> from entering the United States. It kicked off years of battles over immigration enforcement, and California had a mixed record in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Travel bans\u003c/strong>. The Trump administration tried multiple times to enact his order restricting travel from those Muslim-majority nations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622854/california-revives-lawsuit-against-trump-travel-ban\">California and others sued\u003c/a>, arguing that not only was the policy discriminatory, but that it was also bound to harm the economy, businesses and universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s first two attempts were struck down, but in 2018 the Supreme Court upheld his third version of the ban. \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/proclamation-ending-discriminatory-bans-on-entry-to-the-united-states/\">Biden reversed the order\u003c/a> on his first day in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the cases where California lost, like this one, the fact that it took three rounds for the ban to be upheld, that’s helpful,” Bitrán at ACLU Southern California said. “Throwing sand in the gears and slowing them down has a protective effect on California’s immigrant communities, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023099\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Border Patrol agent leads a group of migrants seeking asylum towards a van to be transported and processed, near Dulzura on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gregory Bull/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanctuary funding\u003c/strong>. During the first Trump administration, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">California passed a “sanctuary state” law\u003c/a> to protect undocumented immigrants from deportation. That protection \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/11/immigrant-deportation-california-trump/\">does have exceptions\u003c/a> — it does not apply to people convicted of violent crimes or serious offenses, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump said he planned to withhold certain federal dollars \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2017/02/trump-suggests-yanking-fed-dollars-if-california-is-a-sanctuary-statecan-he-do-that/\">from “sanctuary jurisdictions”\u003c/a> unless they cooperated with federal immigration authorities, the state, along with San Francisco, sued. That funding included \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-sues-trump-administration-imposing-unlawful-new-grant\">about $28 million for the state of California\u003c/a> that supports recidivism prevention, at-risk youth and other law enforcement programs, former state Attorney General Xavier Becerra said at the time. A \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/410149-california-judge-rules-against-sessionss-effort-to-hit-sanctuary/\">federal judge sided with California\u003c/a>, calling Trump’s order unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting DACA\u003c/strong>. In what some immigration attorneys call a landmark case, the state and the University of California Board of Regents participated in the defense of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, which allows immigrants brought to the U.S. as children to stay and work in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the program does not grant people legal status, it does protect them from deportation. In June 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/829858289/supreme-court-upholds-daca-in-blow-to-trump-administration\">Supreme Court ruled in favor\u003c/a> of the so-called DREAMers, blocking Trump’s plan to end the DACA program. This ruling shielded some 700,000 DREAMers, including about 200,000 residing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: Top of mind for immigration advocates is the promise of mass deportations, including Trump’s threat to use the military to carry out raids. A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/01/kern-county-immigration-sweep/\">recent raid in Kern County\u003c/a>, made waves throughout the state as a preview of what is potentially to come. Axios first reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/09/trump-immigration-executive-orders-stephen-miller\">Trump plans to issue 100 executive orders\u003c/a> on his first day back in the Oval Office, many of which are reported to be centered on immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could also \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/new-rule-casts-shadow-on-immigrants-use-of-government-benefits/\">reinstate a public charge policy\u003c/a> from his first term that sought to make it harder for immigrants to get green cards if they use, or were likely to use, safety net programs, such as Medicaid or food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts also expect to see more fights around federal funding, restrictions for asylum seekers, and renewed efforts to end DACA or other temporary protected status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Health care: Obamacare and more\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In round 1, Trump tried just about everything to pick away and dismantle the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. And while he was successful in nixing provisions of it, the health law today continues to stand. Some advocates and experts credit in part California’s move to interfere and defend the law during Trump’s last term for the fact that millions continue to have health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defending the Affordable Care Act\u003c/strong>. Trump’s main attempt to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539907467/senate-careens-toward-high-drama-midnight-health-care-vote\">repeal the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a> failed when the Senate rejected a bill that would have undone former President Barack Obama’s signature law. A second challenge to the law followed when Texas filed a lawsuit contesting its constitutionality. Because the Trump administration did not move to defend the federal health law, 17 states led by California, intervened to make the case for keeping the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023100\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250120CalMatters4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A booth for information on Covered California at the California Native Americans Day celebration at the state Capitol on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While this was not a challenge initiated by California, advocates say California played a unique and instrumental role in the law’s defense. California essentially “stepped in for a Justice Department that was no longer doing its job on behalf of the nation” and defended the law in court, said Anthony Wright, executive director at Families USA, a consumer health advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2021, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2021/06/court-again-leaves-affordable-care-act-in-place/\">Supreme Court ruled in California’s favor\u003c/a> to preserve the Affordable Care Act. Had the decision gone Texas’ way, approximately 20 million Americans, including 5 million Californians, could have lost their coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health care subsidies\u003c/strong>. California also went to bat for health care subsidies that help make Obamacare coverage more affordable. In 2017, Trump announced the federal government would stop paying insurers for cost-sharing subsidies that help offset out-of-pocket expenses, like deductibles and copays. Becerra and 17 other state attorney generals filed a lawsuit on behalf of the estimated 6 million Americans who would have been affected by this change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/finance/judge-dismisses-californias-lawsuit-over-halted-cost-sharing-payments\">placed its lawsuit on hold\u003c/a> when marketplaces and insurers found a workaround to offset those losses by increasing premiums on certain plans (but also premium aid), and the case was eventually closed. While this was not a court win, per say, Wright said California’s administrative response was still a win for consumers. “It was a way so that people’s copayments and deductibles didn’t spike to unaffordable levels,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Title X ‘gag’ rule\u003c/strong>. Title X is a federal program created in the 1970s that provides free or low cost family planning services to people with low incomes. In 2018, Trump proposed a “gag rule” that prohibited clinics receiving Title X funding from performing or referring patients to abortion services. Home to about a fourth of all Title X patients, California along with others challenged the policy change, but a ruling by a federal appeals court judge ultimately allowed it to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the rule change, many clinics stopped participating in the Title X program. That meant that the program served \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/rebuilding-the-title-x-network-under-the-biden-administration/\">about 60% fewer patients\u003c/a> between 2018 and 2020, according to KFF, a health policy research center. The Biden administration eventually revoked Trump’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s coming\u003c/strong>: Health advocates say they’ll be closely watching everything from reproductive choice and access to gender-affirming care to potential cuts or caps on Medicaid spending. Medicaid, better known as Medi-Cal in California, serves close to a third of the state population, and reductions in funding for this program would be deeply consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding is the key word. While the state can do a lot to protect Californian’s access to care — as the Legislature has attempted to do with a slate of laws over the last few years — it also depends greatly on federal funding to make that happen, said Amanda McAllister-Wallner, interim executive director at Health Access California, a consumer advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big takeaway and a big lesson learned from this last time around is we can do a lot here in California to protect consumers, to uphold California values,” McAllister said. “But without the federal funding to guarantee access to health care for folks, it’s really hard to keep people enrolled and to keep people with coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-trump-takes-office-border-crossings-are-down-but-thats-only-part-of-the-story",
"title": "As Trump Takes Office, Border Crossings Are Down. But That's Only Part of the Story",
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"headTitle": "As Trump Takes Office, Border Crossings Are Down. But That’s Only Part of the Story | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>TIJUANA, Mexico — It’s noon and the sun is brutal. At the foot of a steep hill, in the shade, a woman with an exhausted stare is rocking her child to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Alamie says she can’t remember the last time she rested, certainly not back in Buenaventura, the city on Colombia’s Pacific coast where she comes from, a place rocked by armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband owned a small store there. He was a peace activist in his free time. Local gangs began demanding higher protection fees. She said, “They told us if we didn’t pay, they’d kill our family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the decision to leave home was made in a matter of seconds. They’d head north to the U.S.-Mexico border and hire a \u003cem>coyote\u003c/em> (a smuggler) to get them to the other side. Her sister, who lives in California, would be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a coyote in Tijuana was easy. One guy offered to cross the family of three for $8,000. But folks at Juventud 2000, a shelter in the city, dissuaded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told us we could get killed out there or caught and sent back to Colombia,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andres Patiño plays with his son outside the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigrants like Alamie have decided instead to go the official route by using the CBP One app, which provides an appointment to request legal entry into the U.S. But she’s been waiting for five months and is starting to get desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unauthorized apprehensions at the U.S. southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months — by more than 70% compared with the same period in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-december-2024-monthly-update\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attributes the dip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/23/1198912704/bidens-executive-actions-on-immigration-send-mixed-signals\">an executive order\u003c/a> issued last summer by President Biden that severely restricts asylum requests from migrants attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border with no authorization. Another factor is the implementation of the CBP One app, and experts say the Mexican national guard cracking down on migrants heading north is playing a key role, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Biden’s successor, President-elect Donald Trump, takes office on Jan. 20, he will be inheriting a quiet border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the date is looming in her mind. “I think about it every day,” she says. “I imagine him taking his seat at the White House. And then what’s going to happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ramping up border security, Trump has promised to shut down the CBP One app. “We will stop all migrant flights, end all illegal entries” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1835315698169475316?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1835315698169475316%7Ctwgr%5Ec463189ca2f09e6a59829ce2e85febcef0d344a1%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fpolicy%2Fimmigration%2F3227614%2Ftrump-ending-cbp-one-migrant-app-border-consequences%2F\">posted on X last year\u003c/a>, “[and] terminate the Kamala phone app for smuggling illegals,” a reference to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s assertion that the app is used to smuggle people across the border is false. Immigrants seeking asylum use the app to make appointments for screening with U.S. government officials to gain legal entry into the country while they wait to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pedestrian port of entry in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line the grounds of the migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the lower number of border apprehensions only tells part of the story. Behind the scenes, folks on the ground say major shifts are happening in how people cross the border. “Immigrants are still arriving,” says Jose Maria Garcia Lara, director of the Juventud 2000 migrant shelter. “They’re just moving underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelter is just a stone’s throw away from the border wall. It’s so packed that the floor of the main room is covered in back-to-back sleeping tents. Many people here are Mexicans displaced by narco violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, a nonprofit is delivering presents to migrant children. The result is utter chaos. Shrieks of delight are punctuated by beeping toy sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia Lara says this is nothing compared with what it was like early last year. There were so many migrants that people had to camp out in public parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For months now, the number of people arriving at the shelter has gone down,” he says. “They’re still coming to Tijuana though. Becoming invisible. Hiring coyotes who put them up in motels and safe houses, so they can cross over through more remote parts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1536x1106.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Maria Garcia Lara head of migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humanitarian aid groups say the shift has been notable. “Things along the border have changed in the last year to four months,” says James Crodero of the volunteer group Border Kindness, which leaves first aid supplies and water for migrants along the border. He says crossings have shifted “from more predictable routes that have been used for years on end, to areas that we don’t know. We know for a fact that people are coming across, and it has moved into more dangerous areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the Tijuana shelter, in her piece of shade, Alamie says she’s reconsidering attempting to cross. The coyote has almost doubled his price, from $8,000 to $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so close,” she sighs, pointing in the direction of the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general sense of anxiety at the shelter. Near where Alamie is sitting, a group of women wash clothing at a furious pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all from Michoacán, Mexico, and say they’re all fleeing drug violence. They keep trying to get a CBP One appointment with no luck, and they know their window of opportunity is closing. But they don’t want to cross without documents or hire a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if they’d ever go back home, one woman, Marta, who asks that her last name be withheld fearing cartel violence, smiles wearily. Without pausing her scrubbing, she answers: “Never. But we can’t move forward either. We’re stuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marta from Michoacán, Mexico, washes clothes at the migrant shelter Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child peers through the gate doors as women wash clothes at the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the city, in a neighborhood up in the hills, a man named Samuel makes a living getting people like Marta and Alamie unstuck. Samuel is a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will not give his last name because what he does is illegal in both countries. And like all coyotes, he has to give a cut of his profits to a cartel. He won’t tell me which one. He simply refers to them as “\u003cem>los mañosos,\u003c/em>” or “the slick ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel says crossing costs between $9,000 and $12,000 for a family. He says he’s heard of coyotes who can “get violent” with women but that he’s always been respectful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023030\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mountain view of Tecate, Mexico, from California’s Jacumba Valley on Dec. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, he says, migrants get crossed through deeper parts of the desert. It’s dangerous terrain, and can take up to a week, but it’s less patrolled by Mexican authorities and U.S. Border Patrol. “We don’t get caught. We have ways,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>An unassuming middle-aged man, Samuel is surveilling as we speak, his eyes darting around. He speaks in short sentences unless he gets heated, like when he’s asked if the incoming Trump administration could hurt his business. “The U.S. can put up a wall,” he says. “But you better make sure it reaches the sky. Because there’s no such thing as a problem for us. Like a mouse, we’ll find a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several miles up, on the other side of the border, many people envision a very different future under Trump’s administration, one with an impenetrable border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-800x662.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1020x844.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1536x1271.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe at the US southern border in Jacumba Valley, California, on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kate Monroe is the founder of Border Vets, a group of military veterans that advocate for stronger border security. We meet her on the San Diego side of the border, in what’s known as the Jacumba Wilderness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported extensively in this region. In the past few years, it’s been the site of massive informal open-air detention camps. “Up until just a few months ago, you would see 500 to 1,000 people a day crossing in every single hole along this border, in broad daylight,” she says. That sight scared her. “Americans, we don’t have to go quietly into the night. We can stand up and fight that,” referring to illegal crossings.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908347,news_12021487,news_12016488\"]Still, for the last few months, it’s been quieter out here as border crossings go down or, depending on who you ask, go further underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe’s hope is that the incoming president takes border enforcement further. She says she’s looking forward to seeing mass deportations of immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone can agree that those people should go,” she says. Monroe also hopes to see a strengthened Border Patrol and the wall finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for tougher immigration and border enforcement doesn’t mean she doesn’t have compassion for immigrants, she says. Particularly when it comes to the risks and dangers women face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe says her military career ended after a brutal sexual assault. When she hears migrant women’s stories and the way sexual assault is often seen as the “price to pay” for making the trek to the U.S., it reminds her of what she endured. “It disgusts me,” she says. “It pains me and my spirit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, she would like to see border security and deportations combined with immigration reform that allows for orderly migration. “If we really want people in our country, we need to build workforce housing, change our visa program, reimagine the way that we handle immigration. All these jobs we say Americans don’t want, we need to put together a plan to get labor here in a way that doesn’t get them assaulted, robbed and killed on the way here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023033\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe visits the southern US border in Jacumba Valley on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023034\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe speaks to migrants in Jacumba Valley, after they crossed into the US on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we talk, we see a family walking by the border wall. They’re the first migrants I’ve seen out here in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look terrified to see us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe gives them water. Two of the girls, ages 4 and 11, start sobbing. Their puffy winter jackets are covered in desert dust. Their father, Ronald, hugs them and cries. “It’s over,” he whispers in their ear. “We’re no longer running away. Nothing can happen to us now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is from Venezuela. They’ve been on the move for a month. They say it felt too scary to wait in Mexico hoping to get an official appointment for entry into the U.S., so they hired a coyote. When asked about that experience, Ronald’s voice cracks as he says, “To those people, we are nothing but merchandise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, before he can tell us his last name or the rest of his story, Border Patrol agents arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mother holds onto her daughter after crossing the southern border in Jacumba Valley as Border Patrol agents process the group. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Can you imagine how humiliating?” Monroe says, pointing at Ronald as he crouches to remove his shoelaces, a standard Border Patrol request, while his daughters watch. “Is this what compassion looks like?” she asks as the family is loaded into the patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe believes scenes like this are a result of policies Democrats put in place. She says there has to be a better way for people to come to America, and that Trump has the answers to fix the broken immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Unauthorized apprehensions at the US southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months, with the CBP One app one of the main factors. But wait times can be long, and Trump has vowed to shut down the app.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>TIJUANA, Mexico — It’s noon and the sun is brutal. At the foot of a steep hill, in the shade, a woman with an exhausted stare is rocking her child to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Alamie says she can’t remember the last time she rested, certainly not back in Buenaventura, the city on Colombia’s Pacific coast where she comes from, a place rocked by armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband owned a small store there. He was a peace activist in his free time. Local gangs began demanding higher protection fees. She said, “They told us if we didn’t pay, they’d kill our family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the decision to leave home was made in a matter of seconds. They’d head north to the U.S.-Mexico border and hire a \u003cem>coyote\u003c/em> (a smuggler) to get them to the other side. Her sister, who lives in California, would be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a coyote in Tijuana was easy. One guy offered to cross the family of three for $8,000. But folks at Juventud 2000, a shelter in the city, dissuaded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told us we could get killed out there or caught and sent back to Colombia,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andres Patiño plays with his son outside the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigrants like Alamie have decided instead to go the official route by using the CBP One app, which provides an appointment to request legal entry into the U.S. But she’s been waiting for five months and is starting to get desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unauthorized apprehensions at the U.S. southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months — by more than 70% compared with the same period in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-december-2024-monthly-update\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attributes the dip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/23/1198912704/bidens-executive-actions-on-immigration-send-mixed-signals\">an executive order\u003c/a> issued last summer by President Biden that severely restricts asylum requests from migrants attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border with no authorization. Another factor is the implementation of the CBP One app, and experts say the Mexican national guard cracking down on migrants heading north is playing a key role, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Biden’s successor, President-elect Donald Trump, takes office on Jan. 20, he will be inheriting a quiet border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the date is looming in her mind. “I think about it every day,” she says. “I imagine him taking his seat at the White House. And then what’s going to happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ramping up border security, Trump has promised to shut down the CBP One app. “We will stop all migrant flights, end all illegal entries” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1835315698169475316?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1835315698169475316%7Ctwgr%5Ec463189ca2f09e6a59829ce2e85febcef0d344a1%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fpolicy%2Fimmigration%2F3227614%2Ftrump-ending-cbp-one-migrant-app-border-consequences%2F\">posted on X last year\u003c/a>, “[and] terminate the Kamala phone app for smuggling illegals,” a reference to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s assertion that the app is used to smuggle people across the border is false. Immigrants seeking asylum use the app to make appointments for screening with U.S. government officials to gain legal entry into the country while they wait to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pedestrian port of entry in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line the grounds of the migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the lower number of border apprehensions only tells part of the story. Behind the scenes, folks on the ground say major shifts are happening in how people cross the border. “Immigrants are still arriving,” says Jose Maria Garcia Lara, director of the Juventud 2000 migrant shelter. “They’re just moving underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelter is just a stone’s throw away from the border wall. It’s so packed that the floor of the main room is covered in back-to-back sleeping tents. Many people here are Mexicans displaced by narco violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, a nonprofit is delivering presents to migrant children. The result is utter chaos. Shrieks of delight are punctuated by beeping toy sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia Lara says this is nothing compared with what it was like early last year. There were so many migrants that people had to camp out in public parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For months now, the number of people arriving at the shelter has gone down,” he says. “They’re still coming to Tijuana though. Becoming invisible. Hiring coyotes who put them up in motels and safe houses, so they can cross over through more remote parts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1536x1106.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Maria Garcia Lara head of migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humanitarian aid groups say the shift has been notable. “Things along the border have changed in the last year to four months,” says James Crodero of the volunteer group Border Kindness, which leaves first aid supplies and water for migrants along the border. He says crossings have shifted “from more predictable routes that have been used for years on end, to areas that we don’t know. We know for a fact that people are coming across, and it has moved into more dangerous areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the Tijuana shelter, in her piece of shade, Alamie says she’s reconsidering attempting to cross. The coyote has almost doubled his price, from $8,000 to $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so close,” she sighs, pointing in the direction of the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general sense of anxiety at the shelter. Near where Alamie is sitting, a group of women wash clothing at a furious pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all from Michoacán, Mexico, and say they’re all fleeing drug violence. They keep trying to get a CBP One appointment with no luck, and they know their window of opportunity is closing. But they don’t want to cross without documents or hire a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if they’d ever go back home, one woman, Marta, who asks that her last name be withheld fearing cartel violence, smiles wearily. Without pausing her scrubbing, she answers: “Never. But we can’t move forward either. We’re stuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marta from Michoacán, Mexico, washes clothes at the migrant shelter Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child peers through the gate doors as women wash clothes at the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the city, in a neighborhood up in the hills, a man named Samuel makes a living getting people like Marta and Alamie unstuck. Samuel is a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will not give his last name because what he does is illegal in both countries. And like all coyotes, he has to give a cut of his profits to a cartel. He won’t tell me which one. He simply refers to them as “\u003cem>los mañosos,\u003c/em>” or “the slick ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel says crossing costs between $9,000 and $12,000 for a family. He says he’s heard of coyotes who can “get violent” with women but that he’s always been respectful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023030\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mountain view of Tecate, Mexico, from California’s Jacumba Valley on Dec. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, he says, migrants get crossed through deeper parts of the desert. It’s dangerous terrain, and can take up to a week, but it’s less patrolled by Mexican authorities and U.S. Border Patrol. “We don’t get caught. We have ways,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>An unassuming middle-aged man, Samuel is surveilling as we speak, his eyes darting around. He speaks in short sentences unless he gets heated, like when he’s asked if the incoming Trump administration could hurt his business. “The U.S. can put up a wall,” he says. “But you better make sure it reaches the sky. Because there’s no such thing as a problem for us. Like a mouse, we’ll find a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several miles up, on the other side of the border, many people envision a very different future under Trump’s administration, one with an impenetrable border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-800x662.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1020x844.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1536x1271.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe at the US southern border in Jacumba Valley, California, on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kate Monroe is the founder of Border Vets, a group of military veterans that advocate for stronger border security. We meet her on the San Diego side of the border, in what’s known as the Jacumba Wilderness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported extensively in this region. In the past few years, it’s been the site of massive informal open-air detention camps. “Up until just a few months ago, you would see 500 to 1,000 people a day crossing in every single hole along this border, in broad daylight,” she says. That sight scared her. “Americans, we don’t have to go quietly into the night. We can stand up and fight that,” referring to illegal crossings.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Still, for the last few months, it’s been quieter out here as border crossings go down or, depending on who you ask, go further underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe’s hope is that the incoming president takes border enforcement further. She says she’s looking forward to seeing mass deportations of immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone can agree that those people should go,” she says. Monroe also hopes to see a strengthened Border Patrol and the wall finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for tougher immigration and border enforcement doesn’t mean she doesn’t have compassion for immigrants, she says. Particularly when it comes to the risks and dangers women face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe says her military career ended after a brutal sexual assault. When she hears migrant women’s stories and the way sexual assault is often seen as the “price to pay” for making the trek to the U.S., it reminds her of what she endured. “It disgusts me,” she says. “It pains me and my spirit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, she would like to see border security and deportations combined with immigration reform that allows for orderly migration. “If we really want people in our country, we need to build workforce housing, change our visa program, reimagine the way that we handle immigration. All these jobs we say Americans don’t want, we need to put together a plan to get labor here in a way that doesn’t get them assaulted, robbed and killed on the way here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023033\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe visits the southern US border in Jacumba Valley on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023034\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe speaks to migrants in Jacumba Valley, after they crossed into the US on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we talk, we see a family walking by the border wall. They’re the first migrants I’ve seen out here in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look terrified to see us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe gives them water. Two of the girls, ages 4 and 11, start sobbing. Their puffy winter jackets are covered in desert dust. Their father, Ronald, hugs them and cries. “It’s over,” he whispers in their ear. “We’re no longer running away. Nothing can happen to us now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is from Venezuela. They’ve been on the move for a month. They say it felt too scary to wait in Mexico hoping to get an official appointment for entry into the U.S., so they hired a coyote. When asked about that experience, Ronald’s voice cracks as he says, “To those people, we are nothing but merchandise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, before he can tell us his last name or the rest of his story, Border Patrol agents arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mother holds onto her daughter after crossing the southern border in Jacumba Valley as Border Patrol agents process the group. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Can you imagine how humiliating?” Monroe says, pointing at Ronald as he crouches to remove his shoelaces, a standard Border Patrol request, while his daughters watch. “Is this what compassion looks like?” she asks as the family is loaded into the patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe believes scenes like this are a result of policies Democrats put in place. She says there has to be a better way for people to come to America, and that Trump has the answers to fix the broken immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally published on Dec. 23, 2024. It has since been updated. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the San Francisco Bay waterfront, Oksana Demidenko walks through Rosie the Riveter Memorial Park in the city of Richmond, looking at photos of the female factory workers who built World War II Liberty ships here in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard work, very physical work,” says Demidenko, 56, a Ukrainian nurse who came to California to escape the Russian bombardment of Kiev in 2022. She says “the Rosies” remind her of the women helping the war effort in Ukraine. “Rosie the Riveter, from the start of the war, she inspired people in Ukraine. She was in chats, blogs, everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking with her is Mary Wogec, a public health administrator who sponsored Demidenko through a humanitarian program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ukraine\">Uniting for Ukraine\u003c/a>, and invited her — and her four cats — to live in her home. Wogec says she signed up to be a sponsor after watching Ukrainians fleeing as the Russian invasion unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine having my life uprooted like that,” she says. “[But] what I’ve seen, first of all, is amazing resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Demidenko was granted \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/temporary-protected-status\">Temporary Protected Status\u003c/a>, known as TPS by the U.S. It provides a shield from deportation, and a work permit, although it doesn’t represent permanent legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aching over having to leave her mother behind in Ukraine, Demidenko says she feels welcome in the U.S. — and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with President-elect Donald Trump returning to the White House next month, Demidenko is worried her protection could soon end. Trump has vowed a massive deportation campaign and sharp immigration restrictions, including slashing the TPS program, as he tried to do during his first term at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019641\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko hangs traditional Ukrainian embroidered shirts above her closet at her home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. Hanging from the closet is a sign made by her sponsor, Mary Wogec, welcoming her and her cats to the United States. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everybody now, we don’t know if we have a future or not,” says Demidenko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20844/79\">more than 1 million people from 17 countries, including 60,000 from Ukraine \u003c/a>with Temporary Protected Status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/senate-bill/358\">established by Congress as part of the Immigration Act of 1990\u003c/a> for immigrants living in the U.S. whose home countries are experiencing armed conflict, natural disasters or other “extraordinary conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Democratic and Republican administrations have offered TPS to people from countries in crisis. Protections last from six to 18 months and the government can renew them — or terminate them — depending on country conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump team signals plan to end TPS designations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an Oct. 2 interview with News Nation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsnationnow.com/politics/2024-election/trump-springfield-haitian-migrants-removed/\">Trump said he would revoke TPS for Haitians\u003c/a> and deport them, after amplifying false rumors that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio were eating their neighbors’ pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incoming Vice President J.D. Vance \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/19/us/politics/vance-haitian-immigrants-illegal.html\">called Haitians with TPS “illegal aliens.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Theresa Cardinal Brown, an immigration analyst with the Bipartisan Policy Center, says people with TPS are living in the U.S. legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get TPS status, that is a government authorization for you to stay,” she said. The Trump transition team did not respond to NPR’s requests for comment about plans to change the TPS program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump advisers maintain that the program is being misused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the election in November, the man Trump picked as his ‘border czar,’ \u003ca href=\"https://whkradio.com/radioshow/strictly-speaking\">Thomas Homan, told Cleveland talk radio host Bob Frantz\u003c/a> that the administration needs to take a “hard” approach to ending TPS designations and sending people back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019642\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Wogec (left) and Oksana Demidenko look through books about traditional Ukrainian embroidery at their home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Temporary protected status is at the approval of the Secretary of Homeland Security. That could end tomorrow. And if TPS ends, they’re gonna be removable,” he said. “Temporary means temporary. Whatever reason [why] you got temporary protected status — maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland, maybe war in your homeland — but [when] this situation clears up, you need to go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says returning people to shattered countries is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What capacity do those countries have to accept those repatriations and reintegrate those people into the economy again? I think about a place like Haiti,” which descended into chaos after the president was assassinated in 2021, she said. “Another question is, for example, a country like Venezuela, which will not take back its citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming president could go to Congress, which has the power to repeal TPS entirely. But Brown thinks it’s unlikely this will happen given the fact that Republicans hold such slim majorities in the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edward Alden, who studies immigration as a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, expects the incoming Trump administration to do whatever it can to restrict programs such as TPS, DACA and humanitarian parole, as part of his broader plan to limit immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to come out of the gate with some really, really aggressive strategies. And I think this is going to be on a scale that none of us in our lifetimes has ever seen before,” he said. “There may be some constraints in the courts. TPS will clearly end up back there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019645\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko brushes her cat Java while watching updates about the war in Ukraine at their home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Teen helped preserve TPS in Trump’s first term\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Trump’s first term,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/15/1136641841/temporary-protected-status-extended-trump-biden\">he sought to revoke the program for around 300,000 immigrants from six countries\u003c/a>. But he was blocked in the courts. The main challenge, a 2018 case known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/cases/ramos-v-nielsen\">Ramos v. Nielsen\u003c/a>, came from a group of TPS beneficiaries and their U.S.-born children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, plaintiffs argued the spirit of the law allows the government to consider current conditions on the ground, not just whether the original crisis that led to TPS had been resolved, as the Trump administration was asserting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the issue could be decided definitively, President Joe Biden\u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2022-24984.pdf\"> restored TPS for everyone affected\u003c/a>, and the lawsuit was dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crista Ramos was 14 when she and her Salvadoran-born mother \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714388/california-teen-leads-suit-to-keep-hundreds-of-thousands-of-immigrants-in-u-s\">became lead plaintiffs in the suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Ramos is 20, studying politics at the University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening, she sits at a picnic table with her mother, while her brother practices soccer. She says she joined the lawsuit to make the case that rescinding TPS not only affects the beneficiaries, but their families as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout my high school, that was always in the back of my head: Was my family going to be able to stick together?” Ramos says. “That was a stress that was on me and so many children like me. We could lose our parents at any point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother, Cristina Morales, 44, is an educator who works with autistic children. She came to California as a teenager three decades ago and put down roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a homeowner. My kids are in college. My husband and I, we’ve been together since high school,” she said. “Being under TPS protected me. But then I learned the hard way… this is a temporary status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she first entered illegally, Morales has no path to citizenship. Instead, she clings to the hope the government will renew her TPS every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with Trump returning to the White House, Ramos fears her mother is again at risk of deportation. She came of age in one legal battle, and says she’s bracing to defend TPS again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, it’s not even sadness. It’s just anger that we have to relive this traumatic experience again,” Ramos says. “But I want to turn that anger into change, to fight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making a home in California amid uncertainty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Richmond waterfront park, Demidenko marvels at the flowers growing in December. She’s feeling more at home in California, with visits to the redwoods, the coastline along Highway 1 and the state capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019647\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko takes a photo on her phone of flowers at Marina Bay Park in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And she says she loves her job as a technician in a state public health laboratory, tracking respiratory viruses like avian flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very interesting,” she says. “I love it because I can help the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Demidenko first arrived in the country, she planned to apply for a nursing license. But in talking with Wogec, who also works in public health, she learned that California has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OSPHLD/LFS/Pages/CLTAC-Lab-Workforce-Subcommittee-Report-2022.aspx\">shortage of clinical laboratory scientists\u003c/a>.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12016037,news_12015876,news_12015449\"]“I told her a little bit about it and she said, ‘I always wanted to work in a laboratory,” says Wogec. “Her grandfather was a famous scientist in Ukraine. … And she said, ‘When I was a little girl, I would go to my grandfather’s lab and I love labs.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the sun sparkling on the water of the bay and pleasure boats motoring by, the bombings in Ukraine seem far away. But Demidenko says the fear she felt, huddling on the floor of her hallway in Kiev as air raid sirens wailed, remains vivid. It still jolts her awake some nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You haven’t time to go to a shelter, because first it’s a rocket and after that [you hear the] sirens,” she says. “Nobody’s safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wogec says the TPS holders she knows are hardworking people contributing to this country, and the government should find a way to keep them here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t even imagine that the United States would send people back to Ukraine or Afghanistan. Not to mention Nicaragua or Haiti,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Demidenko says she’s turning Wogec’s garage into a workshop for making natural soaps. That was her hobby in Ukraine, but now she’s thinking \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if she loses her work permit, she might try to start a soap business as a potential avenue toward a visa.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll start my business,” she says, “because maybe it’ll give me a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS for Ukrainians had been set to expire April 19, and for Salvadorans like Morales, even earlier: March 9. But on Jan. 10, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/10/dhs-extend-temporary-protected-status-ukraine\">extended TPS for Ukraine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/10/dhs-publishes-federal-register-notice-extending-temporary-protected-status-el\">El Salvador\u003c/a>, as well as Venezuela and Sudan. So – for now – Demidenko and Morales can breathe a little easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally published on Dec. 23, 2024. It has since been updated. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the San Francisco Bay waterfront, Oksana Demidenko walks through Rosie the Riveter Memorial Park in the city of Richmond, looking at photos of the female factory workers who built World War II Liberty ships here in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard work, very physical work,” says Demidenko, 56, a Ukrainian nurse who came to California to escape the Russian bombardment of Kiev in 2022. She says “the Rosies” remind her of the women helping the war effort in Ukraine. “Rosie the Riveter, from the start of the war, she inspired people in Ukraine. She was in chats, blogs, everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking with her is Mary Wogec, a public health administrator who sponsored Demidenko through a humanitarian program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ukraine\">Uniting for Ukraine\u003c/a>, and invited her — and her four cats — to live in her home. Wogec says she signed up to be a sponsor after watching Ukrainians fleeing as the Russian invasion unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine having my life uprooted like that,” she says. “[But] what I’ve seen, first of all, is amazing resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Demidenko was granted \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/temporary-protected-status\">Temporary Protected Status\u003c/a>, known as TPS by the U.S. It provides a shield from deportation, and a work permit, although it doesn’t represent permanent legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although aching over having to leave her mother behind in Ukraine, Demidenko says she feels welcome in the U.S. — and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with President-elect Donald Trump returning to the White House next month, Demidenko is worried her protection could soon end. Trump has vowed a massive deportation campaign and sharp immigration restrictions, including slashing the TPS program, as he tried to do during his first term at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019641\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-4-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko hangs traditional Ukrainian embroidered shirts above her closet at her home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. Hanging from the closet is a sign made by her sponsor, Mary Wogec, welcoming her and her cats to the United States. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everybody now, we don’t know if we have a future or not,” says Demidenko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20844/79\">more than 1 million people from 17 countries, including 60,000 from Ukraine \u003c/a>with Temporary Protected Status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/senate-bill/358\">established by Congress as part of the Immigration Act of 1990\u003c/a> for immigrants living in the U.S. whose home countries are experiencing armed conflict, natural disasters or other “extraordinary conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Democratic and Republican administrations have offered TPS to people from countries in crisis. Protections last from six to 18 months and the government can renew them — or terminate them — depending on country conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump team signals plan to end TPS designations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an Oct. 2 interview with News Nation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsnationnow.com/politics/2024-election/trump-springfield-haitian-migrants-removed/\">Trump said he would revoke TPS for Haitians\u003c/a> and deport them, after amplifying false rumors that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio were eating their neighbors’ pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incoming Vice President J.D. Vance \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/19/us/politics/vance-haitian-immigrants-illegal.html\">called Haitians with TPS “illegal aliens.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Theresa Cardinal Brown, an immigration analyst with the Bipartisan Policy Center, says people with TPS are living in the U.S. legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get TPS status, that is a government authorization for you to stay,” she said. The Trump transition team did not respond to NPR’s requests for comment about plans to change the TPS program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump advisers maintain that the program is being misused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the election in November, the man Trump picked as his ‘border czar,’ \u003ca href=\"https://whkradio.com/radioshow/strictly-speaking\">Thomas Homan, told Cleveland talk radio host Bob Frantz\u003c/a> that the administration needs to take a “hard” approach to ending TPS designations and sending people back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019642\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Wogec (left) and Oksana Demidenko look through books about traditional Ukrainian embroidery at their home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Temporary protected status is at the approval of the Secretary of Homeland Security. That could end tomorrow. And if TPS ends, they’re gonna be removable,” he said. “Temporary means temporary. Whatever reason [why] you got temporary protected status — maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland, maybe war in your homeland — but [when] this situation clears up, you need to go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says returning people to shattered countries is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What capacity do those countries have to accept those repatriations and reintegrate those people into the economy again? I think about a place like Haiti,” which descended into chaos after the president was assassinated in 2021, she said. “Another question is, for example, a country like Venezuela, which will not take back its citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming president could go to Congress, which has the power to repeal TPS entirely. But Brown thinks it’s unlikely this will happen given the fact that Republicans hold such slim majorities in the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edward Alden, who studies immigration as a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, expects the incoming Trump administration to do whatever it can to restrict programs such as TPS, DACA and humanitarian parole, as part of his broader plan to limit immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to come out of the gate with some really, really aggressive strategies. And I think this is going to be on a scale that none of us in our lifetimes has ever seen before,” he said. “There may be some constraints in the courts. TPS will clearly end up back there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019645\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko brushes her cat Java while watching updates about the war in Ukraine at their home in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Teen helped preserve TPS in Trump’s first term\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Trump’s first term,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/15/1136641841/temporary-protected-status-extended-trump-biden\">he sought to revoke the program for around 300,000 immigrants from six countries\u003c/a>. But he was blocked in the courts. The main challenge, a 2018 case known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/cases/ramos-v-nielsen\">Ramos v. Nielsen\u003c/a>, came from a group of TPS beneficiaries and their U.S.-born children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, plaintiffs argued the spirit of the law allows the government to consider current conditions on the ground, not just whether the original crisis that led to TPS had been resolved, as the Trump administration was asserting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the issue could be decided definitively, President Joe Biden\u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2022-24984.pdf\"> restored TPS for everyone affected\u003c/a>, and the lawsuit was dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crista Ramos was 14 when she and her Salvadoran-born mother \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714388/california-teen-leads-suit-to-keep-hundreds-of-thousands-of-immigrants-in-u-s\">became lead plaintiffs in the suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Ramos is 20, studying politics at the University of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening, she sits at a picnic table with her mother, while her brother practices soccer. She says she joined the lawsuit to make the case that rescinding TPS not only affects the beneficiaries, but their families as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout my high school, that was always in the back of my head: Was my family going to be able to stick together?” Ramos says. “That was a stress that was on me and so many children like me. We could lose our parents at any point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother, Cristina Morales, 44, is an educator who works with autistic children. She came to California as a teenager three decades ago and put down roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a homeowner. My kids are in college. My husband and I, we’ve been together since high school,” she said. “Being under TPS protected me. But then I learned the hard way… this is a temporary status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she first entered illegally, Morales has no path to citizenship. Instead, she clings to the hope the government will renew her TPS every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with Trump returning to the White House, Ramos fears her mother is again at risk of deportation. She came of age in one legal battle, and says she’s bracing to defend TPS again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, it’s not even sadness. It’s just anger that we have to relive this traumatic experience again,” Ramos says. “But I want to turn that anger into change, to fight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making a home in California amid uncertainty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Richmond waterfront park, Demidenko marvels at the flowers growing in December. She’s feeling more at home in California, with visits to the redwoods, the coastline along Highway 1 and the state capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019647\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oksana Demidenko takes a photo on her phone of flowers at Marina Bay Park in Richmond, on Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And she says she loves her job as a technician in a state public health laboratory, tracking respiratory viruses like avian flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very interesting,” she says. “I love it because I can help the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Demidenko first arrived in the country, she planned to apply for a nursing license. But in talking with Wogec, who also works in public health, she learned that California has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OSPHLD/LFS/Pages/CLTAC-Lab-Workforce-Subcommittee-Report-2022.aspx\">shortage of clinical laboratory scientists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I told her a little bit about it and she said, ‘I always wanted to work in a laboratory,” says Wogec. “Her grandfather was a famous scientist in Ukraine. … And she said, ‘When I was a little girl, I would go to my grandfather’s lab and I love labs.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the sun sparkling on the water of the bay and pleasure boats motoring by, the bombings in Ukraine seem far away. But Demidenko says the fear she felt, huddling on the floor of her hallway in Kiev as air raid sirens wailed, remains vivid. It still jolts her awake some nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You haven’t time to go to a shelter, because first it’s a rocket and after that [you hear the] sirens,” she says. “Nobody’s safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wogec says the TPS holders she knows are hardworking people contributing to this country, and the government should find a way to keep them here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t even imagine that the United States would send people back to Ukraine or Afghanistan. Not to mention Nicaragua or Haiti,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Demidenko says she’s turning Wogec’s garage into a workshop for making natural soaps. That was her hobby in Ukraine, but now she’s thinking \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if she loses her work permit, she might try to start a soap business as a potential avenue toward a visa.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll start my business,” she says, “because maybe it’ll give me a chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS for Ukrainians had been set to expire April 19, and for Salvadorans like Morales, even earlier: March 9. But on Jan. 10, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/10/dhs-extend-temporary-protected-status-ukraine\">extended TPS for Ukraine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/01/10/dhs-publishes-federal-register-notice-extending-temporary-protected-status-el\">El Salvador\u003c/a>, as well as Venezuela and Sudan. So – for now – Demidenko and Morales can breathe a little easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "an-immigration-raid-in-kern-county-foreshadows-what-awaits-farmworkers-and-the-economy",
"title": "An Immigration Raid in Kern County Foreshadows What Awaits Farmworkers and the Economy",
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"content": "\u003cp>Acres of orange fields sat unpicked in Kern County this week as word of Border Patrol raids circulated through Messenger chats and images of federal agents detaining laborers spread on local Facebook groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol conducted unannounced raids throughout Bakersfield on Tuesday, descending on businesses where day laborers and field workers gather. Agents in unmarked SUVs rounded up people in vans outside a Home Depot and gas station that serves a breakfast popular with field workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This appears to be the first large-scale Border Patrol raid in California since the election of Donald Trump, coming just a day after Congress certified the election on Jan. 6, in the final days of Joe Biden’s presidency. The panic and confusion, for both immigrants and local businesses that rely on their labor, foreshadow what awaits communities across California if Trump follows through on his promise to conduct mass deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was profiling, it was purely field workers,” said Sara Fuentes, store manager of the local gas station. Fuentes said that at 9 a.m., when the store typically gets a rush of workers on their way to pick oranges, two men in civilian clothes and unmarked Suburbans started detaining people outside the store. “They didn’t stop people with FedEx uniforms, they were stopping people who looked like they worked in the fields.” Fuentes says one customer pulled in just to pump gas and agents approached him and detained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuentes has lived in Bakersfield all her life and says she’s never seen anything like it. In one instance, she said a man and woman drove up to the store together, and the man went inside. Border Patrol detained the man as he walked out, Fuentes said, and then demanded the woman get out of the vehicle. When she refused, another agent parked his vehicle behind the woman, blocking her car. Fuentes said it wasn’t until the local Univision station showed up that Border Patrol agents backed up their car and allowed the woman to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-group\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\u003cp>Fuentes says none of the regular farm workers showed up to buy breakfast on Wednesday morning. “No field workers at all,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers and agricultural leaders in California and across the nation have warned that Trump’s promised mass deportations will disrupt the nation’s food supply, leading to shortages and higher prices. In Kern County this week, just the word of the deportations inspired workers to stay away from the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are freaked out, people are worried, people are planning on staying home the next couple of days,” said Antonio De Loera-Brust, director of communication for the United Farm Workers. De Loera-Brust said the Border Patrol detained at least one UFW member in Kern County as they “traveled between home and work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos shared in local Facebook groups and Instagram pages show Border Patrol agents pulling over vehicles along Highway 99 on Tuesday and Wednesday in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“They were stopping cars at random, asking people for papers. They were going to gas stations and Home Depot where day laborers gather,” said Antonio De Loera-Brust. “It’s provoking intense anxiety and a lot of fear in the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection did not respond to a request for comment. On social media, Gregory K. Bovino, the Border Patrol chief in El Centro, called the sweeps “Operation Return to Sender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking it to the bad people and bad things in Bakersfield,” the El Centro Border Patrol said in response to a comment on its Facebook page. “We are planning operations for other locals (sic) such as Fresno and especially Sacramento.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12021488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12021488\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A US Customs and Border Protection patch on the uniform of an agent in the Jacumba mountains in Imperial County on Oct. 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Allison Dinner/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many people have been detained by Border Patrol or how long the operation would last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the middle of our citrus harvesting. This sent shockwaves through the entire community,” said Casey Creamer, president of the industry group California Citrus Mutual, on Thursday. “People aren’t going to work and kids aren’t going to school. Yesterday, about 25% of the workforce, today 75% didn’t show up.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908347,news_12016440,news_12016488\"]He pushed back on the Border Patrol’s claims they’re targeting bad people. He said they appeared to be general sweeps of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is the new normal, this is absolute economic devastation,” said Richard S. Gearhart, an associate professor of economics at Cal State, Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, he predicted farms and dairies could make up the losses, but that homebuilders, restaurants and small businesses would be most hurt financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s worried about the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are talking about a recession-level event if this is the new long-term norm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture comprises about 10% of Kern County’s gross domestic product and undocumented workers may comprise half of the workforce, he said. And the Central Valley provides about a quarter of the United States’ food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, you WILL see, in the long run, food inflation and food shortages,” he wrote in a text message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He predicted immigrants, even ones with documents, would stop shopping, going to school and seeking health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, this could have some serious deleterious long run impacts beyond lost farm productivity. Losses in education and health would be catastrophic,” he said. “Basically, you know how Kern County complains about oil? This event would be analogous to shutting down oil production. Economic catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "'If this is the new normal, this is absolute economic devastation,' says one local economist after the Border Patrol conducted large-scale unannounced raids throughout Bakersfield on Tuesday.",
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"title": "An Immigration Raid in Kern County Foreshadows What Awaits Farmworkers and the Economy | KQED",
"description": "'If this is the new normal, this is absolute economic devastation,' says one local economist after the Border Patrol conducted large-scale unannounced raids throughout Bakersfield on Tuesday.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/sergio-olmos/\">Sergio Olmos\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Acres of orange fields sat unpicked in Kern County this week as word of Border Patrol raids circulated through Messenger chats and images of federal agents detaining laborers spread on local Facebook groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol conducted unannounced raids throughout Bakersfield on Tuesday, descending on businesses where day laborers and field workers gather. Agents in unmarked SUVs rounded up people in vans outside a Home Depot and gas station that serves a breakfast popular with field workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This appears to be the first large-scale Border Patrol raid in California since the election of Donald Trump, coming just a day after Congress certified the election on Jan. 6, in the final days of Joe Biden’s presidency. The panic and confusion, for both immigrants and local businesses that rely on their labor, foreshadow what awaits communities across California if Trump follows through on his promise to conduct mass deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was profiling, it was purely field workers,” said Sara Fuentes, store manager of the local gas station. Fuentes said that at 9 a.m., when the store typically gets a rush of workers on their way to pick oranges, two men in civilian clothes and unmarked Suburbans started detaining people outside the store. “They didn’t stop people with FedEx uniforms, they were stopping people who looked like they worked in the fields.” Fuentes says one customer pulled in just to pump gas and agents approached him and detained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuentes has lived in Bakersfield all her life and says she’s never seen anything like it. In one instance, she said a man and woman drove up to the store together, and the man went inside. Border Patrol detained the man as he walked out, Fuentes said, and then demanded the woman get out of the vehicle. When she refused, another agent parked his vehicle behind the woman, blocking her car. Fuentes said it wasn’t until the local Univision station showed up that Border Patrol agents backed up their car and allowed the woman to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-group\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\u003cp>Fuentes says none of the regular farm workers showed up to buy breakfast on Wednesday morning. “No field workers at all,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers and agricultural leaders in California and across the nation have warned that Trump’s promised mass deportations will disrupt the nation’s food supply, leading to shortages and higher prices. In Kern County this week, just the word of the deportations inspired workers to stay away from the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are freaked out, people are worried, people are planning on staying home the next couple of days,” said Antonio De Loera-Brust, director of communication for the United Farm Workers. De Loera-Brust said the Border Patrol detained at least one UFW member in Kern County as they “traveled between home and work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos shared in local Facebook groups and Instagram pages show Border Patrol agents pulling over vehicles along Highway 99 on Tuesday and Wednesday in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“They were stopping cars at random, asking people for papers. They were going to gas stations and Home Depot where day laborers gather,” said Antonio De Loera-Brust. “It’s provoking intense anxiety and a lot of fear in the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection did not respond to a request for comment. On social media, Gregory K. Bovino, the Border Patrol chief in El Centro, called the sweeps “Operation Return to Sender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking it to the bad people and bad things in Bakersfield,” the El Centro Border Patrol said in response to a comment on its Facebook page. “We are planning operations for other locals (sic) such as Fresno and especially Sacramento.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12021488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12021488\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/100622_Border-Patrol-Seal_GETTY_CM_01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A US Customs and Border Protection patch on the uniform of an agent in the Jacumba mountains in Imperial County on Oct. 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Allison Dinner/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many people have been detained by Border Patrol or how long the operation would last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the middle of our citrus harvesting. This sent shockwaves through the entire community,” said Casey Creamer, president of the industry group California Citrus Mutual, on Thursday. “People aren’t going to work and kids aren’t going to school. Yesterday, about 25% of the workforce, today 75% didn’t show up.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He pushed back on the Border Patrol’s claims they’re targeting bad people. He said they appeared to be general sweeps of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is the new normal, this is absolute economic devastation,” said Richard S. Gearhart, an associate professor of economics at Cal State, Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, he predicted farms and dairies could make up the losses, but that homebuilders, restaurants and small businesses would be most hurt financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s worried about the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are talking about a recession-level event if this is the new long-term norm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture comprises about 10% of Kern County’s gross domestic product and undocumented workers may comprise half of the workforce, he said. And the Central Valley provides about a quarter of the United States’ food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, you WILL see, in the long run, food inflation and food shortages,” he wrote in a text message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He predicted immigrants, even ones with documents, would stop shopping, going to school and seeking health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, this could have some serious deleterious long run impacts beyond lost farm productivity. Losses in education and health would be catastrophic,” he said. “Basically, you know how Kern County complains about oil? This event would be analogous to shutting down oil production. Economic catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "thebay-tps-trump",
"title": "Bay Area Immigrants With Temporary Protected Status Brace for Trump 2.0",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bay Area is home to thousands of people with Temporary Protected Status, or TPS. Immigrants with TPS are provided a temporary shield from deportation and a work permit as a result of upheaval in their home countries. But as Donald Trump prepares to enter his second term, many fear deportation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5403018978&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>So Tyche, the Bay Area is home to thousands of immigrants who have Temporary Protected status or TPS. Tell me, what are the origins of the TPS program and what does it do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks:\u003c/strong> So this is something that Congress put into law in 1990. The idea is that when there’s a war or a natural disaster or some other extraordinary crisis conditions in a country, if there are people in the U.S. who are deportable, we’re not going to send them back into that crisis. And so the U.S. is giving people a temporary protection from deportation and a work permit. It’s not a visa. It’s not, you know, a green card. But they’ve been vetted by the government and the government knows who they are and where they are and has said, you can stay here. But they have no path to a green card and to citizenship. The Secretary of Homeland Security decides to grant TPS and for how long. It could be anywhere from six months to 18 months. The secretary has to look at the country conditions. They consult with the Secretary of State or the State Department and, you know, determine that this is a country we want to grant this for. And I will say there are currently 1.1 million people right now in the United States who have that status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>And then for those protections, once that period of time is over, what happens then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:05:27] This law that Congress passed in 1990 very clearly spells out a process. 60 days before a TPS grant is is set to expire again, the Secretary of Homeland Security has to take a look and decide, am I going to extend it? Am I going to terminate it, let it expire? And they have to give their reasons and then they have to publish in the Federal Register what they plan to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:05:52] Now, Tyche, you’ve met with someone in the Bay Area who’s here through TPS. Her name is Oksana Demidenko. Tell me more about her. Who is she and where did you meet her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:06] Oksana’s from Ukraine. She lived in Kiev with her mother and her four cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:13] Yes, I’m leave Ukrainian because in the Ukraine, the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] You know, bombs were raining down in 2022. They were huddling in the hallway under coats at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:23] And, you know, some some day very hard. It’s now in the Ukraine, it’s genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:30] And so she was able to come to the U.S. under a program that you might have heard of Uniting for Ukraine, which was a what they call a humanitarian parole, where we said, you know, Ukrainians, if you can find a U.S. sponsor and there was a system for matching Ukrainians with sponsors, then you can come to the U.S. again on a similar temporary period with a work permit. And so Oksana did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:56] And then open program for Ukrainian in America. Just send message to everybody in sight. Welcome US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:07:05] And you also met with the person who sponsored her, the Bay Area resident, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:10] That’s right. Mary Wogec is a public health administrator. As I said, she lives in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:16] My family is from Eastern Europe. My grandfather was from Croatia and my grandmother was from Hungary. So, you know, I, I care about Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:28] And she was so raw up over watching the war unfold on television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:33] Then it occurred to me, I live alone in a three bedroom house with my two cats. And I thought if –when I, when I learned about the Uniting for Ukraine program, I thought, wow, I actually have room in my house and in my life for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:51] And she ended up getting a lot of Ukrainians wanting to come and be hosted by her. She said it came down to a mom with a couple of kids. And Oksana with her four cats. And she said, I bet the woman with the kids is going to have an easier time finding a place here. And so she took Oksana and her cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:10] Probably the only glitch was that the cats really didn’t enjoy each other’s company as much as we enjoyed each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:08:19] I mean, that’s an incredible story. First, that generosity, but also for someone like Oksana, who has to come here under really hard conditions. What has she shared with you about what life has been like for her living in Richmond?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:08:33] Yeah. Oksana was trained as a nurse in Ukraine, and when she got here, she thought she was going to get certified as an American nurse and do that for work. But when she met Mary, her host, who works for the state’s Department of Public Health. She learned that there are actually there’s a shortage of laboratory researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:54] And we have a lot of lab tech positions at the state. So I encouraged Oksana to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:01] So she applied for a job and she works in a lab that’s tracking contagious respiratory viruses like the avian flu. And so she feels like she really has found a niche that has real, you know, real importance and real value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] Every week they have an online club and talk about some interesting cases. I love my work, my team. Amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:27] It was really remarkable to watch these two women. They’ve been housemates now for a couple of years, two and a half years, I’d say. And they really formed this bond in this partnership. But for Oksana, you know, it’s been a big adjustment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:42] You know, when I’m just arrived, it’s it’s still with me. When I’m sleep, in rocket attack\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:48] And she had a little story about when she first got here. Mary gave her a box of See’s candy, little chocolates as a welcome gift. And she said when she would wake up in the night in a terror, she would take a chocolate and she would eat the chocolate, and she would be like, I’m safe. I’m in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:10:07] And then I’m in night, like, just, you know, like like this. I’m just take candy in America. It’s American candy. It’s my anti-depressant candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:10:22] So Oksana has protection now, but she knows that the Trump administration could take that away. And she is feeling a tremendous amount of anxiety about her future. She knows that she can’t live in Ukraine. You know, she’s really fearful about what will happen. And she really doesn’t want to live here as an undocumented person. She’s been trying to figure out alternatives for herself. She had a hobby of making soap back in Ukraine, and she’s taken Mary’s garage and she’s started a little soap workshop. And she thinks like, if I could build a business, you know, maybe I could get like an entrepreneur visa or something to stay, which is very hard to do. You know, she’s just casting about for any way that she can stay here. And really, a lot of it is not in her control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:11:13] I can’t live in country illegal. And if this close, I my work authorization goes too. I need work. I love my work. My job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:11:31] That sense of safety now is is precarious for someone like Oksana, who is worried as Trump enters his second term and this uncertainty around the future of the TPS program. Tell me, what exactly has Trump said and his team said about TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:11:49] I mean, we can go back. You know, in his first term, Trump tried to end TPS, and we can talk about that. But on the campaign trail, you remember there was a kerfuffle around Springfield, Ohio, where a lot of Haitian immigrants had settled, have been invited, in fact, by the the city leaders to to work there. Some of them are on TPS in Springfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump \u003c/strong>[00:12:13] They’re eating the dogs, the people that came in. They’re eating the cats. They’re eating. They’re eating the pets of the people that lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:23] Trump was making preposterous claims about Haitians eating cats and dogs and then was saying, look, I’m going to end TPS for Haitians. I’m going to deport them. J.D. Vance, his vice president, was saying, you know, we’re not going to keep granting TPS. Trump named someone into a position that he’s created a border czar. Tom Holman, who worked in Homeland Security as a career person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:12:49] TPS is at the discretion of the secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:52] Homan I heard on a radio program talking about how he feels that the new administration needs to really go tough on TPS and remove people who are here as soon as their their TPS expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] Whatever whatever reason you got temporary protected status, maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland maybe, war in your homeland. So in that situation, you need to go home and we need to be real hard on that. That temporary means temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:13:25] A lot of us taking are familiar with the anti-immigration rhetoric that we’ve been hearing during the election cycle. What are the specific arguments they have against TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] Yeah, I mean, I think it’s fair to say that that Trump and people in his orbit are looking to slash immigration overall and have a general sense of hostility towards immigrants. So this is one way to accomplish that. With regard specifically to TPS, I mean, this came up in the first Trump administration when, as I say, he tried to end the program. There were multiple lawsuits actually challenging that. The Trump administration reads the 1990 law that created TPS as saying as soon as those crisis conditions in a country have resolved, then people need to go home. Other administrations, both Democratic and Republican, have said they need to look at what’s happening on the ground at that time. For example, TPS for Haiti was established after a major earthquake about eight years ago. But now there’s like totally nonfunctioning government. Gangs are running rampant and slaughtering people. And the U.S. has said we’re going to keep extending TPS because it’s not safe to deport people back there right now. So it’s a question of like, was it the original conditions or can you keep looking at the facts on the ground?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:15:00] Okay. What would it take to end the program? Today, as Trump enters the White House for the second time, could Trump and his administration be more successful and aggressive this time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:15:15] Well, they’ve definitely signaled that they are going to be more aggressive. Now, what does that look like when it comes to TPS? Unlike a lot of other kinds of humanitarian parole, including DACA, which was created by Obama by executive action. TPS is in the law. It was written by Congress. And so really, it’s up to Congress to if they’re going to eliminate the program altogether. That’s the job for Congress. What a president can do or an administration can do is to say, we’re not going to renew TPS. You know, each time it expires for a different country, we’re just going to let it let it go. And then we’re going to go after people who are still here and make sure they leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:15:58] Now, as we saw in the first administration, that was easier said than done. There were TPS holders and their children, their U.S. citizen children, who filed a lawsuit and basically said, you know, the way he went about it was disregarded. The law was was not following procedure was illegal. The courts blocked Trump from terminating TPS at that time for long enough that once Biden came into office, he reinstated those TPS grants. And the the case wound down. It’s very possible that this administration will go more full bore and try to to end TPS designations before they expire, and then that would surely end up in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:17:05] So you mentioned this lawsuit during Trump’s first term when he tried to end TPS and this lawsuit was successful in blocking his effort. And you spoke to this other Bay Area resident, Krista Ramos, who was a key figure in that lawsuit. Tell me a little bit about her. Who is she and what is her story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:35] You know, she came of age in this struggle over several years through high school of fighting to keep TPS so that her mother wouldn’t be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:17:46] You were 14 when you got involved with with the case. And how old are you now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:17:52] I’m 20 and I’ll be 20. I’ll be 21 in 2 months. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:58] Krista Ramos and her mother, Christina Morales, were named plaintiffs in this big lawsuit. It was called Ramos v Nielsen. Kirstjen Nielsen was the Homeland Security secretary. Krista Ramos was a 14 year old kid in San Paolo, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:16] My worry was high school. Like I was going to what was my high school experience going to be like? But in that moment, my focus became on my family and keeping my family together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:18:26] Now, her mother, Christina, came from El Salvador in the 90s, actually as a teenager herself, fleeing war and so forth in El Salvador. And Christina came to the U.S. illegally. She had no way of of legalizing her status. Then TPS for El Salvador was declared and she was eligible. And so she has lived her basically her adult life on this status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Christina Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:53] It’s a very hard situation. There’s a lot of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:01] There’s an insecurity every 18 months. Is it going to be renewed? Is it going to be renewed? You know, she’s married. She’s got two kids. She’s active coaching soccer, active in the church, has become active in this campaign for immigrant rights. And her daughter has too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:19:19] And then this time around, the anti-gay anti-immigrant rhetoric just got even stronger, more hateful. This time, it feels like we’re really reliving what we went through when we were teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:32] Her mom was really. You know, sort of feeling pain and sadness at the thought that Trump was going to return to office and really had so much disregard for immigrants like herself. She’s a she’s an educator. She works with autistic kids. She’s you know, she’s she’s thinks of herself as a contributing member of her community. And Krista said, you know, I don’t it’s not even pain for me. I’m just mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:20:01] Yeah. It’s just I feel so much anger, but I want to turn that anger into change to fight and that I’m not just going to stand by with whatever happens, that I’m going to be involved in fighting for my family, but also overall, the entire immigrant community, because what’s going to happen next is not just going to affect TPS. recipients. It’s going to affect all immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:20:30] So is there anything, Tyche, that the outgoing Biden administration can do to respond to these threats from the Trump administration to end TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:20:41] These grants of TPS for each individual country, run for, you know, 18 months at the max. And as I said, 60 days before one expires, the president, well the Secretary of Homeland Security has to say, I’m extending or I’m terminating. And the very first one that’s going to expire after Biden leaves office is for El Salvador, for Krista’s mom, Cristina. So Biden, his administration has the power to say and has to say we’re extending or we’re terminating the secretary of state. Blinken has, you know, back in the fall, made some recommendations. And Blinken sent a letter saying, look, Ukraine, Sudan, Venezuela. Biden, what he could do is to re-designate them, which means that people who don’t have it currently can apply. Maybe people who arrived in this country since the last TPS designation for that country. And so it would protect more people here. We’ll see. I mean, Biden has two more weeks. We’ll see if he takes any action on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:21:51] And worth noting, since you mentioned the El Salvador protections expiring soon. Yeah, there’s many Salvadorans in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:22:00] Yes, there are. And, you know, of the 17 countries with TPS, I mean, Salvadorans, Hondurans, we have a big Ukrainian population here. We have quite a lot of Afghans who’ve settled from the Bay Area up to Sacramento. And, you know, numbers of those are people with temporary protected status. So these are all people whose, you know, whose lives are on the line here. There are about 75,000 TPS holders across California. You know, this is very much a concern for those individuals and their families and their bosses and, you know, their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:22:46] Certainly, you know, immigrant advocates, many different people in the Bay Area are sort of bracing themselves for the incoming Trump administration. It’s happening in a couple of weeks. And I wonder for you, Tyche, like you mentioned, you’ve been reporting on immigration for over two decades. And for you, how are you feeling in this moment? What are you sort of keeping your eyes and ears open for as you prepare for what’s coming in the next couple of weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:23:14] I’m mindful of the fact that California is a state of immigrants. More than a quarter of the people who live in this state are are people who were born in another country. One out of three people in the California workforce was born in another country. And that includes people on temporary protected status. There’s a lot of fear out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:23:42] And so while I keep an eye on the policy and looking at what, you know, what Washington is doing, I’m also really, keeping in mind that these are people’s lives and, you know, sort of human family relationships and that our economy runs on the work and the ingenuity and the diligence of of immigrants amongst all of us, the ripple effects of what a Trump administration does politically, you know, affect people in very personal ways and affect, you know, those of us who are not immigrants, too, because that is the fabric of our society and our communities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bay Area is home to thousands of people with Temporary Protected Status, or TPS. Immigrants with TPS are provided a temporary shield from deportation and a work permit as a result of upheaval in their home countries. But as Donald Trump prepares to enter his second term, many fear deportation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5403018978&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>So Tyche, the Bay Area is home to thousands of immigrants who have Temporary Protected status or TPS. Tell me, what are the origins of the TPS program and what does it do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks:\u003c/strong> So this is something that Congress put into law in 1990. The idea is that when there’s a war or a natural disaster or some other extraordinary crisis conditions in a country, if there are people in the U.S. who are deportable, we’re not going to send them back into that crisis. And so the U.S. is giving people a temporary protection from deportation and a work permit. It’s not a visa. It’s not, you know, a green card. But they’ve been vetted by the government and the government knows who they are and where they are and has said, you can stay here. But they have no path to a green card and to citizenship. The Secretary of Homeland Security decides to grant TPS and for how long. It could be anywhere from six months to 18 months. The secretary has to look at the country conditions. They consult with the Secretary of State or the State Department and, you know, determine that this is a country we want to grant this for. And I will say there are currently 1.1 million people right now in the United States who have that status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>And then for those protections, once that period of time is over, what happens then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:05:27] This law that Congress passed in 1990 very clearly spells out a process. 60 days before a TPS grant is is set to expire again, the Secretary of Homeland Security has to take a look and decide, am I going to extend it? Am I going to terminate it, let it expire? And they have to give their reasons and then they have to publish in the Federal Register what they plan to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:05:52] Now, Tyche, you’ve met with someone in the Bay Area who’s here through TPS. Her name is Oksana Demidenko. Tell me more about her. Who is she and where did you meet her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:06] Oksana’s from Ukraine. She lived in Kiev with her mother and her four cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:13] Yes, I’m leave Ukrainian because in the Ukraine, the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] You know, bombs were raining down in 2022. They were huddling in the hallway under coats at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:23] And, you know, some some day very hard. It’s now in the Ukraine, it’s genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:30] And so she was able to come to the U.S. under a program that you might have heard of Uniting for Ukraine, which was a what they call a humanitarian parole, where we said, you know, Ukrainians, if you can find a U.S. sponsor and there was a system for matching Ukrainians with sponsors, then you can come to the U.S. again on a similar temporary period with a work permit. And so Oksana did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:56] And then open program for Ukrainian in America. Just send message to everybody in sight. Welcome US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:07:05] And you also met with the person who sponsored her, the Bay Area resident, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:10] That’s right. Mary Wogec is a public health administrator. As I said, she lives in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:16] My family is from Eastern Europe. My grandfather was from Croatia and my grandmother was from Hungary. So, you know, I, I care about Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:28] And she was so raw up over watching the war unfold on television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:33] Then it occurred to me, I live alone in a three bedroom house with my two cats. And I thought if –when I, when I learned about the Uniting for Ukraine program, I thought, wow, I actually have room in my house and in my life for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:51] And she ended up getting a lot of Ukrainians wanting to come and be hosted by her. She said it came down to a mom with a couple of kids. And Oksana with her four cats. And she said, I bet the woman with the kids is going to have an easier time finding a place here. And so she took Oksana and her cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:10] Probably the only glitch was that the cats really didn’t enjoy each other’s company as much as we enjoyed each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:08:19] I mean, that’s an incredible story. First, that generosity, but also for someone like Oksana, who has to come here under really hard conditions. What has she shared with you about what life has been like for her living in Richmond?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:08:33] Yeah. Oksana was trained as a nurse in Ukraine, and when she got here, she thought she was going to get certified as an American nurse and do that for work. But when she met Mary, her host, who works for the state’s Department of Public Health. She learned that there are actually there’s a shortage of laboratory researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:54] And we have a lot of lab tech positions at the state. So I encouraged Oksana to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:01] So she applied for a job and she works in a lab that’s tracking contagious respiratory viruses like the avian flu. And so she feels like she really has found a niche that has real, you know, real importance and real value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] Every week they have an online club and talk about some interesting cases. I love my work, my team. Amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:27] It was really remarkable to watch these two women. They’ve been housemates now for a couple of years, two and a half years, I’d say. And they really formed this bond in this partnership. But for Oksana, you know, it’s been a big adjustment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:42] You know, when I’m just arrived, it’s it’s still with me. When I’m sleep, in rocket attack\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:48] And she had a little story about when she first got here. Mary gave her a box of See’s candy, little chocolates as a welcome gift. And she said when she would wake up in the night in a terror, she would take a chocolate and she would eat the chocolate, and she would be like, I’m safe. I’m in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:10:07] And then I’m in night, like, just, you know, like like this. I’m just take candy in America. It’s American candy. It’s my anti-depressant candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:10:22] So Oksana has protection now, but she knows that the Trump administration could take that away. And she is feeling a tremendous amount of anxiety about her future. She knows that she can’t live in Ukraine. You know, she’s really fearful about what will happen. And she really doesn’t want to live here as an undocumented person. She’s been trying to figure out alternatives for herself. She had a hobby of making soap back in Ukraine, and she’s taken Mary’s garage and she’s started a little soap workshop. And she thinks like, if I could build a business, you know, maybe I could get like an entrepreneur visa or something to stay, which is very hard to do. You know, she’s just casting about for any way that she can stay here. And really, a lot of it is not in her control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:11:13] I can’t live in country illegal. And if this close, I my work authorization goes too. I need work. I love my work. My job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:11:31] That sense of safety now is is precarious for someone like Oksana, who is worried as Trump enters his second term and this uncertainty around the future of the TPS program. Tell me, what exactly has Trump said and his team said about TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:11:49] I mean, we can go back. You know, in his first term, Trump tried to end TPS, and we can talk about that. But on the campaign trail, you remember there was a kerfuffle around Springfield, Ohio, where a lot of Haitian immigrants had settled, have been invited, in fact, by the the city leaders to to work there. Some of them are on TPS in Springfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump \u003c/strong>[00:12:13] They’re eating the dogs, the people that came in. They’re eating the cats. They’re eating. They’re eating the pets of the people that lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:23] Trump was making preposterous claims about Haitians eating cats and dogs and then was saying, look, I’m going to end TPS for Haitians. I’m going to deport them. J.D. Vance, his vice president, was saying, you know, we’re not going to keep granting TPS. Trump named someone into a position that he’s created a border czar. Tom Holman, who worked in Homeland Security as a career person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:12:49] TPS is at the discretion of the secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:52] Homan I heard on a radio program talking about how he feels that the new administration needs to really go tough on TPS and remove people who are here as soon as their their TPS expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] Whatever whatever reason you got temporary protected status, maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland maybe, war in your homeland. So in that situation, you need to go home and we need to be real hard on that. That temporary means temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:13:25] A lot of us taking are familiar with the anti-immigration rhetoric that we’ve been hearing during the election cycle. What are the specific arguments they have against TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] Yeah, I mean, I think it’s fair to say that that Trump and people in his orbit are looking to slash immigration overall and have a general sense of hostility towards immigrants. So this is one way to accomplish that. With regard specifically to TPS, I mean, this came up in the first Trump administration when, as I say, he tried to end the program. There were multiple lawsuits actually challenging that. The Trump administration reads the 1990 law that created TPS as saying as soon as those crisis conditions in a country have resolved, then people need to go home. Other administrations, both Democratic and Republican, have said they need to look at what’s happening on the ground at that time. For example, TPS for Haiti was established after a major earthquake about eight years ago. But now there’s like totally nonfunctioning government. Gangs are running rampant and slaughtering people. And the U.S. has said we’re going to keep extending TPS because it’s not safe to deport people back there right now. So it’s a question of like, was it the original conditions or can you keep looking at the facts on the ground?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:15:00] Okay. What would it take to end the program? Today, as Trump enters the White House for the second time, could Trump and his administration be more successful and aggressive this time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:15:15] Well, they’ve definitely signaled that they are going to be more aggressive. Now, what does that look like when it comes to TPS? Unlike a lot of other kinds of humanitarian parole, including DACA, which was created by Obama by executive action. TPS is in the law. It was written by Congress. And so really, it’s up to Congress to if they’re going to eliminate the program altogether. That’s the job for Congress. What a president can do or an administration can do is to say, we’re not going to renew TPS. You know, each time it expires for a different country, we’re just going to let it let it go. And then we’re going to go after people who are still here and make sure they leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:15:58] Now, as we saw in the first administration, that was easier said than done. There were TPS holders and their children, their U.S. citizen children, who filed a lawsuit and basically said, you know, the way he went about it was disregarded. The law was was not following procedure was illegal. The courts blocked Trump from terminating TPS at that time for long enough that once Biden came into office, he reinstated those TPS grants. And the the case wound down. It’s very possible that this administration will go more full bore and try to to end TPS designations before they expire, and then that would surely end up in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:17:05] So you mentioned this lawsuit during Trump’s first term when he tried to end TPS and this lawsuit was successful in blocking his effort. And you spoke to this other Bay Area resident, Krista Ramos, who was a key figure in that lawsuit. Tell me a little bit about her. Who is she and what is her story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:35] You know, she came of age in this struggle over several years through high school of fighting to keep TPS so that her mother wouldn’t be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:17:46] You were 14 when you got involved with with the case. And how old are you now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:17:52] I’m 20 and I’ll be 20. I’ll be 21 in 2 months. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:58] Krista Ramos and her mother, Christina Morales, were named plaintiffs in this big lawsuit. It was called Ramos v Nielsen. Kirstjen Nielsen was the Homeland Security secretary. Krista Ramos was a 14 year old kid in San Paolo, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:16] My worry was high school. Like I was going to what was my high school experience going to be like? But in that moment, my focus became on my family and keeping my family together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:18:26] Now, her mother, Christina, came from El Salvador in the 90s, actually as a teenager herself, fleeing war and so forth in El Salvador. And Christina came to the U.S. illegally. She had no way of of legalizing her status. Then TPS for El Salvador was declared and she was eligible. And so she has lived her basically her adult life on this status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Christina Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:53] It’s a very hard situation. There’s a lot of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:01] There’s an insecurity every 18 months. Is it going to be renewed? Is it going to be renewed? You know, she’s married. She’s got two kids. She’s active coaching soccer, active in the church, has become active in this campaign for immigrant rights. And her daughter has too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:19:19] And then this time around, the anti-gay anti-immigrant rhetoric just got even stronger, more hateful. This time, it feels like we’re really reliving what we went through when we were teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:32] Her mom was really. You know, sort of feeling pain and sadness at the thought that Trump was going to return to office and really had so much disregard for immigrants like herself. She’s a she’s an educator. She works with autistic kids. She’s you know, she’s she’s thinks of herself as a contributing member of her community. And Krista said, you know, I don’t it’s not even pain for me. I’m just mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:20:01] Yeah. It’s just I feel so much anger, but I want to turn that anger into change to fight and that I’m not just going to stand by with whatever happens, that I’m going to be involved in fighting for my family, but also overall, the entire immigrant community, because what’s going to happen next is not just going to affect TPS. recipients. It’s going to affect all immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:20:30] So is there anything, Tyche, that the outgoing Biden administration can do to respond to these threats from the Trump administration to end TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:20:41] These grants of TPS for each individual country, run for, you know, 18 months at the max. And as I said, 60 days before one expires, the president, well the Secretary of Homeland Security has to say, I’m extending or I’m terminating. And the very first one that’s going to expire after Biden leaves office is for El Salvador, for Krista’s mom, Cristina. So Biden, his administration has the power to say and has to say we’re extending or we’re terminating the secretary of state. Blinken has, you know, back in the fall, made some recommendations. And Blinken sent a letter saying, look, Ukraine, Sudan, Venezuela. Biden, what he could do is to re-designate them, which means that people who don’t have it currently can apply. Maybe people who arrived in this country since the last TPS designation for that country. And so it would protect more people here. We’ll see. I mean, Biden has two more weeks. We’ll see if he takes any action on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:21:51] And worth noting, since you mentioned the El Salvador protections expiring soon. Yeah, there’s many Salvadorans in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:22:00] Yes, there are. And, you know, of the 17 countries with TPS, I mean, Salvadorans, Hondurans, we have a big Ukrainian population here. We have quite a lot of Afghans who’ve settled from the Bay Area up to Sacramento. And, you know, numbers of those are people with temporary protected status. So these are all people whose, you know, whose lives are on the line here. There are about 75,000 TPS holders across California. You know, this is very much a concern for those individuals and their families and their bosses and, you know, their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:22:46] Certainly, you know, immigrant advocates, many different people in the Bay Area are sort of bracing themselves for the incoming Trump administration. It’s happening in a couple of weeks. And I wonder for you, Tyche, like you mentioned, you’ve been reporting on immigration for over two decades. And for you, how are you feeling in this moment? What are you sort of keeping your eyes and ears open for as you prepare for what’s coming in the next couple of weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:23:14] I’m mindful of the fact that California is a state of immigrants. More than a quarter of the people who live in this state are are people who were born in another country. One out of three people in the California workforce was born in another country. And that includes people on temporary protected status. There’s a lot of fear out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:23:42] And so while I keep an eye on the policy and looking at what, you know, what Washington is doing, I’m also really, keeping in mind that these are people’s lives and, you know, sort of human family relationships and that our economy runs on the work and the ingenuity and the diligence of of immigrants amongst all of us, the ripple effects of what a Trump administration does politically, you know, affect people in very personal ways and affect, you know, those of us who are not immigrants, too, because that is the fabric of our society and our communities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the first months of the first Trump administration in 2017, a father in Los Angeles was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) after dropping his 12-year-old daughter off at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ripple effect was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away there was a drop in attendance in L.A. schools because parents were thinking, ‘Oh, if I drop off my kids, ICE is going to pick me up,’” said Ana Mendoza, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Southern California and director of the organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.myschoolmyrights.com/\">Education Equity Project\u003c/a>. “The need for safety and sanctuary policies became really salient because students weren’t going to schools or families were tentative about their participation in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of this year’s presidential election, there is again widespread uncertainty among immigrant families in California about what is to come, given President-elect Donald Trump’s promises of mass deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Attorney General Rob Bonta recently released updated guidelines and model policies about what K-12 schools, colleges and universities can and cannot do under state and federal law, regarding keeping immigrant students and families’ data private, when to allow an immigration enforcement officer on campus, how to respond to the detention or deportation of a student’s family member, and how to respond to bullying or harassment of a student based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original guidelines and policies were released in 2018 by then-Attorney General Xavier Becerra, after California passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB699\">Assembly Bill 699\u003c/a>, requiring schools to pass policies that limited collaboration with immigration enforcement. Bonta is now asking schools to update their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts should be examining what their board policies are and to make sure they’re updated and take any measures to make sure that families feel safe,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nccp.org/immigration/?state=CA\">1 in 10\u003c/a>, or 1 million, children in California have at least one undocumented parent. And about \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/CA\">133,000\u003c/a> children in California public schools are undocumented themselves, according to the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s colleges and universities, an estimated 86,800 students are undocumented, and about 6,800 employees in TK-12 schools, colleges and universities have temporary work permits and protection from deportation under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">Higher Ed Immigration Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Undocumented students and faculty and staff are afraid for their safety, and this will impact their retention and enrollment in higher education if they’re not feeling safe or they’re feeling targeted,” said Luz Bertadillo, director of campus engagement for the Presidents’ Alliance for Higher Education and Immigration, a national organization of college and university leaders. “For campuses to have a strong stance on what they’re doing to support undocumented students is important, or at least letting their students know they’re thinking about them and they’re taking action. Even though they cannot guarantee their safety, at least they’re taking those initiatives to safeguard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What rights do immigrant students and family members have at school and college, regardless of their immigration status?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The right to attend public school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All children present in the United States, regardless of immigration status, have a right to attend public school. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in the case Plyler v. Doe that states cannot deny students a free, public education based on their immigration status or their parents or guardians’ immigration status. Some states — including California in 1994 with Proposition 187 — and school districts have since attempted to pass laws that would either deny enrollment to students who did not have valid immigration status or report their status to authorities, but all these laws have been struck down by courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are not allowed to request or collect information about Social Security numbers, immigration status or U.S. citizenship when enrolling students. Students and parents do not have to answer questions from schools about their immigration status, citizenship or whether they have a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This often comes up in requests for student documents,” Mendoza said. “I had an intake once where a parent gave a passport during enrollment, and the front office person was asking the parent for a visa. No. The school has no right to ask for documents about your citizenship or immigration status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can ask for some information like a student’s place of birth, when they first came to the U.S. or attended school in the U.S., in order to determine whether a student is eligible for special federal or state programs for recently arrived immigrant students or English learners. However, parents are not required to give schools this information, and schools cannot use this information to prevent children from enrolling in school. The Office of the Attorney General suggests that schools should collect this information separately from enrolling students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privacy of school records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA, restricts schools from sharing students’ personal information in most cases with other agencies or organizations, including federal immigration authorities. The law requires that schools get a parent or guardian’s consent before releasing any student information to another agency or organization, or if the student is 18 or older, schools must get consent from the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases, schools may be required to provide information without consent in response to a court order or judicial subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges are also restricted from sharing information except in certain cases. Bertadillo said her organization recommends that college leaders have conversations with all the different departments that might manage information about students’ or families’ immigration status, such as information technology, admissions, registrar, and financial aid, to review their practices for storing or sharing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear some campuses have citizenship status on their transcripts and those transcripts get sent to graduate schools, to jobs, and that’s essentially outing students,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s important for colleges and schools to pass or revisit procedures about what to do if immigration officials ask for data or attempt to enter a campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of institutions created them back in Trump 1.0. We’re recommending they reaffirm or revisit them, so that the campus knows that this is in place,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Safe haven at school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security has designated schools and colleges \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/guidelines-enforcement-actions-or-near-protected-areas\">as protected areas\u003c/a> where immigration enforcement should be avoided as much as possible. President-elect Trump has said he may rescind this policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event that ICE officers do enter schools or ask to question students, the attorney general’s guidelines say school staff should ask officers for a judicial warrant. Without a judicial warrant, school staff are not required to give an ICE officer permission to enter the school or conduct a search, or to provide information or records about a student or family, the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill introduced\u003c/a> by state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, D-Long Beach, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond would establish a “safe zone” of 1 mile around schools and prohibit schools from allowing ICE to enter a campus or share information without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, schools must notify parents or guardians if they release a student to a law-enforcement officer, except in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does not require schools to notify parents or guardians before law enforcement officers question a child at school, but it does not prohibit schools from notifying them either. California’s attorney general suggests that school districts and charter schools should create policies that require notification of parents or guardians before a law enforcement officer questions or removes a student, unless that officer has a judicial warrant or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the attorney general says if a police officer or immigration agent tries to enter a school or talk to a student for purposes of immigration enforcement, the superintendent or principal should e-mail the Bureau of Children’s Justice in the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools should retrain their staff on their visitor management policies, to make sure everyone who comes onto campus, including law enforcement, is questioned about what their purpose is, and that school staff is trained on what to do if law enforcement asks to see information about students or staff,” said Mendoza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support from school if a family member is detained or deported\u003cbr>\nIf a student reports that their parents or guardians were detained or deported, California law requires that the school must follow parents’ instructions about whom to contact in an emergency. The attorney general’s guidance says “schools should not contact Child Protective Services unless the school is unsuccessful in arranging for the care of the child through the emergency contact information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance also suggests that schools should help students and family members contact legal assistance, their consulate, and help them locate their detained family members through \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">ICE’s detainee locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it is important to note that if a student’s parents are detained or deported, and as a result they have to go live with another family member, at that point, they are eligible for support for homeless students under the federal McKinney-Vento Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protection from discrimination and harassment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on race, national origin, color, sex, age, disability and religion. California’s law AB 699 also made immigration status a protected characteristic, meaning that schools are required to have policies that prohibit discrimination, harassment and bullying based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it’s important for families and students who experience bullying or harassment to know they can submit complaints through their schools or to different agencies in California. “There are advocates out there willing to support them if their schools do not act in accordance with best practices or with the law,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Free lunch, subsidized child care and special education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, all students have a right to a free school lunch, since the 2022-23 school year. In addition, some students whose families are considered low-income qualify for subsidized child care, either all day for infants and preschoolers, or after school for school-age children. Students with disabilities have a right to special education to meet their needs, under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant families are often afraid to apply for public services because they are worried this will count against them when applying for permanent residency. This is largely due to the “public charge” test, which immigration officers use to determine whether green-card applicants are likely to depend on public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, immigration officers can only consider whether applicants have used cash assistance for income, like SSI or CalWORKs, or long-term institutionalized care paid for by public insurance, such as Medi-Cal. They do not consider school lunch, child care or food stamps. And officers are not allowed to look at whether applicants’ family members, like U.S. citizen children, use public benefits. During the first Trump administration, the president changed this policy to include family members and some other benefits. It is unclear whether he may attempt to change this again in the future. However, even under the changes during his first term, school lunch and child care were not included.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>In-state tuition and scholarships for college\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/\">California Dream Act\u003c/a>, undocumented students qualify for in-state tuition and state financial aid at California colleges and universities if they attended high school for three or more years or attained credits at community college or adult school and graduated from high school or attained an associate degree or finished minimum transfer requirements at a California community college. The number of students applying for the California Dream Act has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/study-finds-drop-in-csu-uc-enrollment-of-low-income-undocumented-students/719344\">plummeted\u003c/a> in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/what-rights-do-immigrant-students-and-families-have-in-california-schools-and-colleges-quick-guide/724175\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the first months of the first Trump administration in 2017, a father in Los Angeles was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) after dropping his 12-year-old daughter off at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ripple effect was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away there was a drop in attendance in L.A. schools because parents were thinking, ‘Oh, if I drop off my kids, ICE is going to pick me up,’” said Ana Mendoza, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Southern California and director of the organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.myschoolmyrights.com/\">Education Equity Project\u003c/a>. “The need for safety and sanctuary policies became really salient because students weren’t going to schools or families were tentative about their participation in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of this year’s presidential election, there is again widespread uncertainty among immigrant families in California about what is to come, given President-elect Donald Trump’s promises of mass deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Attorney General Rob Bonta recently released updated guidelines and model policies about what K-12 schools, colleges and universities can and cannot do under state and federal law, regarding keeping immigrant students and families’ data private, when to allow an immigration enforcement officer on campus, how to respond to the detention or deportation of a student’s family member, and how to respond to bullying or harassment of a student based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original guidelines and policies were released in 2018 by then-Attorney General Xavier Becerra, after California passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB699\">Assembly Bill 699\u003c/a>, requiring schools to pass policies that limited collaboration with immigration enforcement. Bonta is now asking schools to update their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts should be examining what their board policies are and to make sure they’re updated and take any measures to make sure that families feel safe,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nccp.org/immigration/?state=CA\">1 in 10\u003c/a>, or 1 million, children in California have at least one undocumented parent. And about \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/CA\">133,000\u003c/a> children in California public schools are undocumented themselves, according to the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s colleges and universities, an estimated 86,800 students are undocumented, and about 6,800 employees in TK-12 schools, colleges and universities have temporary work permits and protection from deportation under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">Higher Ed Immigration Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Undocumented students and faculty and staff are afraid for their safety, and this will impact their retention and enrollment in higher education if they’re not feeling safe or they’re feeling targeted,” said Luz Bertadillo, director of campus engagement for the Presidents’ Alliance for Higher Education and Immigration, a national organization of college and university leaders. “For campuses to have a strong stance on what they’re doing to support undocumented students is important, or at least letting their students know they’re thinking about them and they’re taking action. Even though they cannot guarantee their safety, at least they’re taking those initiatives to safeguard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What rights do immigrant students and family members have at school and college, regardless of their immigration status?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The right to attend public school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All children present in the United States, regardless of immigration status, have a right to attend public school. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in the case Plyler v. Doe that states cannot deny students a free, public education based on their immigration status or their parents or guardians’ immigration status. Some states — including California in 1994 with Proposition 187 — and school districts have since attempted to pass laws that would either deny enrollment to students who did not have valid immigration status or report their status to authorities, but all these laws have been struck down by courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are not allowed to request or collect information about Social Security numbers, immigration status or U.S. citizenship when enrolling students. Students and parents do not have to answer questions from schools about their immigration status, citizenship or whether they have a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This often comes up in requests for student documents,” Mendoza said. “I had an intake once where a parent gave a passport during enrollment, and the front office person was asking the parent for a visa. No. The school has no right to ask for documents about your citizenship or immigration status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can ask for some information like a student’s place of birth, when they first came to the U.S. or attended school in the U.S., in order to determine whether a student is eligible for special federal or state programs for recently arrived immigrant students or English learners. However, parents are not required to give schools this information, and schools cannot use this information to prevent children from enrolling in school. The Office of the Attorney General suggests that schools should collect this information separately from enrolling students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privacy of school records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA, restricts schools from sharing students’ personal information in most cases with other agencies or organizations, including federal immigration authorities. The law requires that schools get a parent or guardian’s consent before releasing any student information to another agency or organization, or if the student is 18 or older, schools must get consent from the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases, schools may be required to provide information without consent in response to a court order or judicial subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges are also restricted from sharing information except in certain cases. Bertadillo said her organization recommends that college leaders have conversations with all the different departments that might manage information about students’ or families’ immigration status, such as information technology, admissions, registrar, and financial aid, to review their practices for storing or sharing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear some campuses have citizenship status on their transcripts and those transcripts get sent to graduate schools, to jobs, and that’s essentially outing students,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s important for colleges and schools to pass or revisit procedures about what to do if immigration officials ask for data or attempt to enter a campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of institutions created them back in Trump 1.0. We’re recommending they reaffirm or revisit them, so that the campus knows that this is in place,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Safe haven at school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security has designated schools and colleges \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/guidelines-enforcement-actions-or-near-protected-areas\">as protected areas\u003c/a> where immigration enforcement should be avoided as much as possible. President-elect Trump has said he may rescind this policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event that ICE officers do enter schools or ask to question students, the attorney general’s guidelines say school staff should ask officers for a judicial warrant. Without a judicial warrant, school staff are not required to give an ICE officer permission to enter the school or conduct a search, or to provide information or records about a student or family, the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill introduced\u003c/a> by state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, D-Long Beach, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond would establish a “safe zone” of 1 mile around schools and prohibit schools from allowing ICE to enter a campus or share information without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, schools must notify parents or guardians if they release a student to a law-enforcement officer, except in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does not require schools to notify parents or guardians before law enforcement officers question a child at school, but it does not prohibit schools from notifying them either. California’s attorney general suggests that school districts and charter schools should create policies that require notification of parents or guardians before a law enforcement officer questions or removes a student, unless that officer has a judicial warrant or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the attorney general says if a police officer or immigration agent tries to enter a school or talk to a student for purposes of immigration enforcement, the superintendent or principal should e-mail the Bureau of Children’s Justice in the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools should retrain their staff on their visitor management policies, to make sure everyone who comes onto campus, including law enforcement, is questioned about what their purpose is, and that school staff is trained on what to do if law enforcement asks to see information about students or staff,” said Mendoza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support from school if a family member is detained or deported\u003cbr>\nIf a student reports that their parents or guardians were detained or deported, California law requires that the school must follow parents’ instructions about whom to contact in an emergency. The attorney general’s guidance says “schools should not contact Child Protective Services unless the school is unsuccessful in arranging for the care of the child through the emergency contact information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance also suggests that schools should help students and family members contact legal assistance, their consulate, and help them locate their detained family members through \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">ICE’s detainee locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it is important to note that if a student’s parents are detained or deported, and as a result they have to go live with another family member, at that point, they are eligible for support for homeless students under the federal McKinney-Vento Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protection from discrimination and harassment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on race, national origin, color, sex, age, disability and religion. California’s law AB 699 also made immigration status a protected characteristic, meaning that schools are required to have policies that prohibit discrimination, harassment and bullying based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it’s important for families and students who experience bullying or harassment to know they can submit complaints through their schools or to different agencies in California. “There are advocates out there willing to support them if their schools do not act in accordance with best practices or with the law,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Free lunch, subsidized child care and special education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, all students have a right to a free school lunch, since the 2022-23 school year. In addition, some students whose families are considered low-income qualify for subsidized child care, either all day for infants and preschoolers, or after school for school-age children. Students with disabilities have a right to special education to meet their needs, under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant families are often afraid to apply for public services because they are worried this will count against them when applying for permanent residency. This is largely due to the “public charge” test, which immigration officers use to determine whether green-card applicants are likely to depend on public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, immigration officers can only consider whether applicants have used cash assistance for income, like SSI or CalWORKs, or long-term institutionalized care paid for by public insurance, such as Medi-Cal. They do not consider school lunch, child care or food stamps. And officers are not allowed to look at whether applicants’ family members, like U.S. citizen children, use public benefits. During the first Trump administration, the president changed this policy to include family members and some other benefits. It is unclear whether he may attempt to change this again in the future. However, even under the changes during his first term, school lunch and child care were not included.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>In-state tuition and scholarships for college\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/\">California Dream Act\u003c/a>, undocumented students qualify for in-state tuition and state financial aid at California colleges and universities if they attended high school for three or more years or attained credits at community college or adult school and graduated from high school or attained an associate degree or finished minimum transfer requirements at a California community college. The number of students applying for the California Dream Act has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/study-finds-drop-in-csu-uc-enrollment-of-low-income-undocumented-students/719344\">plummeted\u003c/a> in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
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