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"content": "\u003cp>Tucked between headline-grabbing opinions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/02/what-is-presidential-immunity-trump-supreme-court/\">presidential immunity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/14/nx-s1-5005999/supreme-court-jan-6-prosecutions\">Jan. 6 rioters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2024/06/california-homeless-camps-grants-pass-ruling/\">homeless encampments\u003c/a>, the U.S. Supreme Court closed out a momentous session late last month with a series of body blows to the federal bureaucracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under three back-to-back rulings, regulations that touch nearly every aspect of the American economy and American life (see: rules on food safety, water quality, overtime pay, medical billing, carbon emissions, fisheries monitoring and housing discrimination, to name a few) may soon be \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-859_1924.pdf\">harder to enforce (PDF)\u003c/a>, more convenient to \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22-1008/295695/20240112160022813_22-1008%20Merit%20Reply%20Brief%20Final.pdf\">challenge in court (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-451_7m58.pdf\">easier to strike down once challenged (PDF)\u003c/a>. For the conservative legal movement and for major business interests who bristle under what they see as an overreaching federal regulatory apparatus, the rulings mark a once-in-a-generation victory against the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amacad.org/publication/milestones-evolution-administrative-state\">administrative state\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, the effects of those rulings may be a bit more muted, legal experts say. California has an administrative state of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From worker safeguards to water regulations to LGBTQ-protections on college campuses, the rules enforced by California state agencies often meet and exceed the stringency of their federal counterparts. If judges begin swatting down federal regulations as a result of the recent decisions, California’s own rules could serve as a regulatory backup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For critics of the court’s recent decisions, that’s some consolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is, in a way, better situated than some other states because it is big enough and it has enough expertise in state government to actually provide state law protections that can kind of compensate for weakened federal ones,” said Sean Donahue, a lawyer who represents the Environmental Defense Fund. “That may not be true in some smaller states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has plenty of practice playing the role of Blue State bulwark against federal regulatory shifts to the right. During the Trump administration, the state’s Democratic leaders \u003ca href=\"https://story.californiasunday.com/thegreatexception/\">beefed up many state rules\u003c/a> in the face of real or anticipated rollbacks out of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the state discovered then, there is a limit to how far California can go its own way. Many federal statutes explicitly prohibit states from overriding them. Such federal preemption has been decreed by the courts in other cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes yes, California can go on its own,” said Ashutosh Bhagwat, an administrative law professor at UC Davis. “Sometimes it absolutely can’t, and sometimes it’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Three rulings against the bureaucracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In what may be the most consequential of the session’s three regulatory rulings, the court’s conservative majority swept aside a 40-year-old judicial rule of thumb, known as “Chevron deference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept, named for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1983/82-1005\">1984 case\u003c/a> that spawned it, required judges to defer to a federal regulator’s interpretation of how to implement a Congressional statute. In a high school civics class version of government, Congress passes the laws and the executive branch, with the President sitting at the top, simply enforces them. But enforcement is rarely simple. Congressional laws can be vague or fail to anticipate every eventuality, technological development or unforeseen problem. Since the New Deal, the federal government’s powers and responsibilities have expanded and grown more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron deference is the notion that if a statute is ambiguous and an agency’s interpretation is reasonable on its face, courts should let the bureaucracy call the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that courts may “respect” federal agency expertise, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-451_7m58.pdf\">cannot automatically defer to it (PDF)\u003c/a>. “Agencies have no special competence in resolving statutory ambiguities. Courts do,” he wrote. The upshot: Regulated industries now have a better shot at successfully challenging the federal rules that govern them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building on the theme of putting a leash on federal bureaucrats, the majority also ruled against the Securities and Exchange Commission and put new limits on when agencies can \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-859_1924.pdf\">use in-house administrative courts (PDF)\u003c/a> to levy fines, instead requiring agencies to take alleged rule breakers to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a third opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the six-year statute of limitations for when an aggrieved business can challenge a federal regulation starts ticking \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-1008_1b82.pdf\">whenever that suing party is first affected by the rule\u003c/a>. Financial regulators in that case had argued that the shot clock starts when the rule itself is enacted, giving regulations a degree of finality once that time expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three rulings were decided 6–3, with the court’s conservatives in the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change regulations especially vulnerable\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In her dissent in the statute of limitations case, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, a Biden appointee, warned that together with the end of Chevron deference, the court’s rulings would unleash a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-1008_1b82.pdf\">tsunami of lawsuits (PDF)\u003c/a> against agencies” with the “potential to devastate the functioning of the Federal Government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts are still debating just how consequential these rulings will be. Granting less flexibility to federal regulators and opening them up to the threat of indefinite legal challenge from regulated industries implicates an unknowably vast universe of rules. But no one knows which rules are most vulnerable until they wind up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll probably see now a wave of litigation challenging regulations that many had thought of as being long-settled, and how that shakes out in terms of its application to California businesses and California residents and consumers, we just don’t know,” said Julia Stein, an environmental law professor at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change regulations may be especially ripe for challenge. Lacking much actual legislation on the subject from Congress, the Environmental Protection Agency has resorted to creative interpretations of old environmental statutes, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act#:~:text=Introduction,Air%20Act%20Amendments%20of%201990\">1970 Clean Air Act\u003c/a>, to justify its rules governing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such creativity may no longer fly, at least with conservative judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are “kind of hamstrung in the ability to take innovative approaches,” Stein said, now that the Chevron decision is history. “States, like California, are going to try to make up for that on the back end through their own authority and regulatory power, but it won’t be nearly as effective as if both those entities were working together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a state can set its own rules isn’t always clear. Almost 60 years ago, Congress granted California the authority to set its own emission standards for vehicles. But a California mandate requiring major truck manufacturers to ramp up the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/12/california-controversial-advanced-clean-trucks-regulation-air-pollution/\">sale of zero-emission vehicles \u003c/a>might be an early test case, since experts are divided as to whether an interpretation of the Clean Air Act properly allows for such a law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California, above and beyond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are areas of the regulatory universe where California law clearly can, and often does, go far above what the feds require.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor law is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California workplace laws are more protective of employees than federal rules. Not only is the state’s $16 minimum wage more than double that required nationwide, the state also maintains and enforces its own rules on overtime pay, independent contractor status, workplace discrimination and workplace safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration proposed a rule requiring employers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/02/osha-workers-extreme-heat-protections/\">protect workers from heat illness\u003c/a>. California’s own workplace safety agency has had such a rule in place since 2005 for outdoor workers and is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/extreme-heat-california-workplace-rules/\">expanding it to those working indoors\u003c/a> this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules will stand regardless of legal challenges at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11992777,news_11992365,news_11991285\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Such challenges are already on the way elsewhere. The same day the high court snagged final say over rulemaking from federal agencies, a Texas judge cited the Chevron-ending decision in putting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrdive.com/news/texas-state-employees-overtime-rule/720251/\">new Biden administration overtime rule on hold\u003c/a> for state employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long established stereotype of California would suggest that lawmakers here are already ideologically predisposed to out-red-tape Washington. But many of California’s supercharged state rules are of recent vintage, born out of resistance to the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, then-California state Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edhat.com/news/jackson-bill-to-put-federal-title-ix-standards-into-state-law-passes-out-of-committee/\">handful\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.noozhawk.com/gov-_newsom_signs_state_sen-_jacksons_fairness_bill_for_survivors_of_sexual/\">laws\u003c/a> to put the federal rules that govern gender discrimination in schools and universities into state statute. That was in anticipation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/06/politics/education-secretary-betsy-devos-title-ix-regulations/index.html\">controversial changes to Title IX\u003c/a>, a 1972 civil rights law, proposed by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal education regulators have mined Title IX’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/espnw/title-ix/story/_/id/7722632/37-words-changed-everything\">mere 37 words\u003c/a> to justify regulations on everything from school sports to sexual assault reporting standards to scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protections for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/06/california-regulations-wetlands-birds/\">wetlands and migratory birds\u003c/a> and bans of \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-08-14/california-bans-pesticide-defying-trump-epa\">certain pesticides\u003c/a> were also ratcheted up in California during the Trump era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that blue state playbook didn’t always go as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, San Diego Sen. Toni Atkins, then the top Democrat in the state Senate, authored a bill for an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/09/california-water-dispute-trump-environment-rollbacks/\">anti-Trump “backstop”\u003c/a> — essentially copying and pasting the more stringent federal environmental and workplace rules from the Obama era onto the state’s books. Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed that bill, calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/09/veto-environment-bill-california-water-wars-cost-newsom-support/\">a solution in search of a problem\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California: A vision of life after Chevron?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The raft of rulings were momentous, but not especially surprising to many court watchers. The Supreme Court had been either ignoring or \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/06/us/politics/supreme-court-major-questions-doctrine.html\">actively chipping away\u003c/a> at Chevron deference for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has some legal experts, even self-described liberals, skeptical that the final effect will be as dramatic as the Supreme Court’s liberal dissenters and many alarmed commentators have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The major clean water and clean air acts were passed in the ’70s, long before Chevron,” said Bhagwat at UC Davis. “There was administrative law before that. So, the idea that you can’t have administrative law without Chevron is stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, anyone looking to see what a post-Chevron world might look like could turn to California. State courts never adopted a Chevron-like rule in reviewing regulations. Instead, they’ve taken a \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/4th/19/1.html\">more holistic approach\u003c/a>, in which agency interpretations might be granted more weight when they’ve been consistent over time and are based on its own area of expertise. That, in effect, is pretty similar to the new rules of the federal road laid out last month by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when people say, ‘Oh, this is kind of the end of the world, abolishing Chevron,’ it’s like, well, it hasn’t been the end of the world in California,” said Keith Bishop, a partner with the law firm Allen Matkins who used to work as a California state financial regulator. “At least, not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are reasons to believe that certain courts outside of California will be keener to uproot regulations than they have been in California. That isn’t a result of differences in legal doctrine between courts, but of political philosophy, said David Carpenter, an appellate lawyer and partner at the law firm Sidley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, there would be a view that courts are going to be relatively more inclined to abide by or to follow or consider or give weight or respect to agency interpretations,” he said. “Depending on what jurisdiction the challenge is raised in, you might expect more hostility between the federal court and whichever administration is in power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhagwat shares the view that the outcome of a regulatory challenge will depend largely on the ideology of a given judge or court. That has led him to offer a less dramatic forecast of the law after this year’s spate of anti-regulatory rulings. “They were ignoring Chevron anyway,” he said. But it has led him to a much more dramatic and darker view of the law in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the judiciary starting to reflect the polarization generally in American society,” he said. “There’s this sort of brutal reality on the ground, which is that the law doesn’t matter that much anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Becker and Jeanne Kuang contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In three rulings, the US Supreme Court dealt a body blow to the federal bureaucracy. From health care to climate to workers' rights, California’s rules often go farther.",
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"title": "Will California Rules Ensure Protections After Supreme Court's Blow to Federal Regulators? | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/ben-christopher/\">Ben Christopher\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tucked between headline-grabbing opinions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/02/what-is-presidential-immunity-trump-supreme-court/\">presidential immunity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/14/nx-s1-5005999/supreme-court-jan-6-prosecutions\">Jan. 6 rioters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2024/06/california-homeless-camps-grants-pass-ruling/\">homeless encampments\u003c/a>, the U.S. Supreme Court closed out a momentous session late last month with a series of body blows to the federal bureaucracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under three back-to-back rulings, regulations that touch nearly every aspect of the American economy and American life (see: rules on food safety, water quality, overtime pay, medical billing, carbon emissions, fisheries monitoring and housing discrimination, to name a few) may soon be \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-859_1924.pdf\">harder to enforce (PDF)\u003c/a>, more convenient to \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22-1008/295695/20240112160022813_22-1008%20Merit%20Reply%20Brief%20Final.pdf\">challenge in court (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-451_7m58.pdf\">easier to strike down once challenged (PDF)\u003c/a>. For the conservative legal movement and for major business interests who bristle under what they see as an overreaching federal regulatory apparatus, the rulings mark a once-in-a-generation victory against the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amacad.org/publication/milestones-evolution-administrative-state\">administrative state\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, the effects of those rulings may be a bit more muted, legal experts say. California has an administrative state of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From worker safeguards to water regulations to LGBTQ-protections on college campuses, the rules enforced by California state agencies often meet and exceed the stringency of their federal counterparts. If judges begin swatting down federal regulations as a result of the recent decisions, California’s own rules could serve as a regulatory backup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For critics of the court’s recent decisions, that’s some consolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is, in a way, better situated than some other states because it is big enough and it has enough expertise in state government to actually provide state law protections that can kind of compensate for weakened federal ones,” said Sean Donahue, a lawyer who represents the Environmental Defense Fund. “That may not be true in some smaller states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has plenty of practice playing the role of Blue State bulwark against federal regulatory shifts to the right. During the Trump administration, the state’s Democratic leaders \u003ca href=\"https://story.californiasunday.com/thegreatexception/\">beefed up many state rules\u003c/a> in the face of real or anticipated rollbacks out of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the state discovered then, there is a limit to how far California can go its own way. Many federal statutes explicitly prohibit states from overriding them. Such federal preemption has been decreed by the courts in other cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes yes, California can go on its own,” said Ashutosh Bhagwat, an administrative law professor at UC Davis. “Sometimes it absolutely can’t, and sometimes it’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Three rulings against the bureaucracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In what may be the most consequential of the session’s three regulatory rulings, the court’s conservative majority swept aside a 40-year-old judicial rule of thumb, known as “Chevron deference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept, named for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1983/82-1005\">1984 case\u003c/a> that spawned it, required judges to defer to a federal regulator’s interpretation of how to implement a Congressional statute. In a high school civics class version of government, Congress passes the laws and the executive branch, with the President sitting at the top, simply enforces them. But enforcement is rarely simple. Congressional laws can be vague or fail to anticipate every eventuality, technological development or unforeseen problem. Since the New Deal, the federal government’s powers and responsibilities have expanded and grown more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron deference is the notion that if a statute is ambiguous and an agency’s interpretation is reasonable on its face, courts should let the bureaucracy call the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that courts may “respect” federal agency expertise, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-451_7m58.pdf\">cannot automatically defer to it (PDF)\u003c/a>. “Agencies have no special competence in resolving statutory ambiguities. Courts do,” he wrote. The upshot: Regulated industries now have a better shot at successfully challenging the federal rules that govern them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building on the theme of putting a leash on federal bureaucrats, the majority also ruled against the Securities and Exchange Commission and put new limits on when agencies can \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-859_1924.pdf\">use in-house administrative courts (PDF)\u003c/a> to levy fines, instead requiring agencies to take alleged rule breakers to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a third opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the six-year statute of limitations for when an aggrieved business can challenge a federal regulation starts ticking \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-1008_1b82.pdf\">whenever that suing party is first affected by the rule\u003c/a>. Financial regulators in that case had argued that the shot clock starts when the rule itself is enacted, giving regulations a degree of finality once that time expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three rulings were decided 6–3, with the court’s conservatives in the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate change regulations especially vulnerable\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In her dissent in the statute of limitations case, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, a Biden appointee, warned that together with the end of Chevron deference, the court’s rulings would unleash a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-1008_1b82.pdf\">tsunami of lawsuits (PDF)\u003c/a> against agencies” with the “potential to devastate the functioning of the Federal Government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts are still debating just how consequential these rulings will be. Granting less flexibility to federal regulators and opening them up to the threat of indefinite legal challenge from regulated industries implicates an unknowably vast universe of rules. But no one knows which rules are most vulnerable until they wind up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll probably see now a wave of litigation challenging regulations that many had thought of as being long-settled, and how that shakes out in terms of its application to California businesses and California residents and consumers, we just don’t know,” said Julia Stein, an environmental law professor at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change regulations may be especially ripe for challenge. Lacking much actual legislation on the subject from Congress, the Environmental Protection Agency has resorted to creative interpretations of old environmental statutes, like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act#:~:text=Introduction,Air%20Act%20Amendments%20of%201990\">1970 Clean Air Act\u003c/a>, to justify its rules governing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such creativity may no longer fly, at least with conservative judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are “kind of hamstrung in the ability to take innovative approaches,” Stein said, now that the Chevron decision is history. “States, like California, are going to try to make up for that on the back end through their own authority and regulatory power, but it won’t be nearly as effective as if both those entities were working together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a state can set its own rules isn’t always clear. Almost 60 years ago, Congress granted California the authority to set its own emission standards for vehicles. But a California mandate requiring major truck manufacturers to ramp up the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/12/california-controversial-advanced-clean-trucks-regulation-air-pollution/\">sale of zero-emission vehicles \u003c/a>might be an early test case, since experts are divided as to whether an interpretation of the Clean Air Act properly allows for such a law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California, above and beyond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are areas of the regulatory universe where California law clearly can, and often does, go far above what the feds require.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor law is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California workplace laws are more protective of employees than federal rules. Not only is the state’s $16 minimum wage more than double that required nationwide, the state also maintains and enforces its own rules on overtime pay, independent contractor status, workplace discrimination and workplace safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration proposed a rule requiring employers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/02/osha-workers-extreme-heat-protections/\">protect workers from heat illness\u003c/a>. California’s own workplace safety agency has had such a rule in place since 2005 for outdoor workers and is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/extreme-heat-california-workplace-rules/\">expanding it to those working indoors\u003c/a> this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules will stand regardless of legal challenges at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Such challenges are already on the way elsewhere. The same day the high court snagged final say over rulemaking from federal agencies, a Texas judge cited the Chevron-ending decision in putting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrdive.com/news/texas-state-employees-overtime-rule/720251/\">new Biden administration overtime rule on hold\u003c/a> for state employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long established stereotype of California would suggest that lawmakers here are already ideologically predisposed to out-red-tape Washington. But many of California’s supercharged state rules are of recent vintage, born out of resistance to the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, then-California state Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.edhat.com/news/jackson-bill-to-put-federal-title-ix-standards-into-state-law-passes-out-of-committee/\">handful\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.noozhawk.com/gov-_newsom_signs_state_sen-_jacksons_fairness_bill_for_survivors_of_sexual/\">laws\u003c/a> to put the federal rules that govern gender discrimination in schools and universities into state statute. That was in anticipation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/06/politics/education-secretary-betsy-devos-title-ix-regulations/index.html\">controversial changes to Title IX\u003c/a>, a 1972 civil rights law, proposed by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal education regulators have mined Title IX’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/espnw/title-ix/story/_/id/7722632/37-words-changed-everything\">mere 37 words\u003c/a> to justify regulations on everything from school sports to sexual assault reporting standards to scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protections for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/06/california-regulations-wetlands-birds/\">wetlands and migratory birds\u003c/a> and bans of \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-08-14/california-bans-pesticide-defying-trump-epa\">certain pesticides\u003c/a> were also ratcheted up in California during the Trump era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that blue state playbook didn’t always go as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, San Diego Sen. Toni Atkins, then the top Democrat in the state Senate, authored a bill for an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/09/california-water-dispute-trump-environment-rollbacks/\">anti-Trump “backstop”\u003c/a> — essentially copying and pasting the more stringent federal environmental and workplace rules from the Obama era onto the state’s books. Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed that bill, calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/09/veto-environment-bill-california-water-wars-cost-newsom-support/\">a solution in search of a problem\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California: A vision of life after Chevron?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The raft of rulings were momentous, but not especially surprising to many court watchers. The Supreme Court had been either ignoring or \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/06/us/politics/supreme-court-major-questions-doctrine.html\">actively chipping away\u003c/a> at Chevron deference for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has some legal experts, even self-described liberals, skeptical that the final effect will be as dramatic as the Supreme Court’s liberal dissenters and many alarmed commentators have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The major clean water and clean air acts were passed in the ’70s, long before Chevron,” said Bhagwat at UC Davis. “There was administrative law before that. So, the idea that you can’t have administrative law without Chevron is stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, anyone looking to see what a post-Chevron world might look like could turn to California. State courts never adopted a Chevron-like rule in reviewing regulations. Instead, they’ve taken a \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/4th/19/1.html\">more holistic approach\u003c/a>, in which agency interpretations might be granted more weight when they’ve been consistent over time and are based on its own area of expertise. That, in effect, is pretty similar to the new rules of the federal road laid out last month by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when people say, ‘Oh, this is kind of the end of the world, abolishing Chevron,’ it’s like, well, it hasn’t been the end of the world in California,” said Keith Bishop, a partner with the law firm Allen Matkins who used to work as a California state financial regulator. “At least, not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are reasons to believe that certain courts outside of California will be keener to uproot regulations than they have been in California. That isn’t a result of differences in legal doctrine between courts, but of political philosophy, said David Carpenter, an appellate lawyer and partner at the law firm Sidley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, there would be a view that courts are going to be relatively more inclined to abide by or to follow or consider or give weight or respect to agency interpretations,” he said. “Depending on what jurisdiction the challenge is raised in, you might expect more hostility between the federal court and whichever administration is in power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhagwat shares the view that the outcome of a regulatory challenge will depend largely on the ideology of a given judge or court. That has led him to offer a less dramatic forecast of the law after this year’s spate of anti-regulatory rulings. “They were ignoring Chevron anyway,” he said. But it has led him to a much more dramatic and darker view of the law in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the judiciary starting to reflect the polarization generally in American society,” he said. “There’s this sort of brutal reality on the ground, which is that the law doesn’t matter that much anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Becker and Jeanne Kuang contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two people drowned in the Russian River last week amid Fourth of July celebrations and a record-breaking heat wave, prompting authorities to warn that the popular waterway spanning portions of Sonoma and Mendocino counties can still pose a danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first swimmer, identified as Santa Rosa resident Nasoni Tuitoga, 28, was reported missing Wednesday evening after swimming near Villa Grande in Monte Rio, according to a statement from the Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office. The man is thought to have suffered a medical emergency before disappearing under the water, said Monte Rio Fire Chief Steve Baxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuitoga was found dead Friday afternoon in the same area he went missing after a days-long search by Sonoma County sheriff’s units, the Monte Rio Fire Department, and the Napa County Sheriff’s Office marine team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday evening, Sonoma County deputies responded to reports that a second man, identified Monday as Pedro Ramirez Lopez, was drowning near Monte Rio Beach. The sheriff’s office reported that a bystander administered CPR to the victim, a 50-year-old Richmond resident, on the shore until first responders arrived. They continued with lifesaving efforts upon arrival, but he was pronounced dead on the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxman said that the number of people who die in the Russian River each year varies, but the number this year — at least four suspected drownings — is significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some years we don’t have any, other years we have two or more, it just depends. This is getting to be more drownings than normal,” Baxman told KQED. He did not know how many people drowned in the river in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won’t have a drowning for a year or two and then we’ll have a couple,” he said. “You never know what the year is going to bring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popular swimming spot has been busier than usual this year, he said — especially amid a record heat wave in California that began last week, during which Monte Rio saw temperatures in the mid 90s and low 100s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are safety measures in place to help keep visitors safe, including the Sonoma Parks Department’s Russian River Patrol lifeguards, who roam popular beaches along the river during summer weekends. There are also signs in English and Spanish with information about the river and life jackets available to borrow, according to Baxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the river doesn’t have much of a current right now, Baxman said, it can still be dangerous, especially for non-swimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it looks calm on the surface, the river can have strong currents, deep spots and drop-offs, and underwater debris. We urge everyone to practice water safety when they visit our beautiful river,” the sheriff’s office statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxman said that people should still feel comfortable swimming in the river, but take necessary precautions based on their swimming skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to come up and enjoy the river. Please do that, but please be safe,” he said. “If you can’t swim, don’t go in the water. And if you do go in, please make sure you have some sort of flotation device.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Samantha Lim contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Last week’s drownings in Sonoma County bring this year’s total to at least four suspected drowning deaths on the Russian River, a popular summer tubing destination.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two people drowned in the Russian River last week amid Fourth of July celebrations and a record-breaking heat wave, prompting authorities to warn that the popular waterway spanning portions of Sonoma and Mendocino counties can still pose a danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first swimmer, identified as Santa Rosa resident Nasoni Tuitoga, 28, was reported missing Wednesday evening after swimming near Villa Grande in Monte Rio, according to a statement from the Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office. The man is thought to have suffered a medical emergency before disappearing under the water, said Monte Rio Fire Chief Steve Baxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuitoga was found dead Friday afternoon in the same area he went missing after a days-long search by Sonoma County sheriff’s units, the Monte Rio Fire Department, and the Napa County Sheriff’s Office marine team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday evening, Sonoma County deputies responded to reports that a second man, identified Monday as Pedro Ramirez Lopez, was drowning near Monte Rio Beach. The sheriff’s office reported that a bystander administered CPR to the victim, a 50-year-old Richmond resident, on the shore until first responders arrived. They continued with lifesaving efforts upon arrival, but he was pronounced dead on the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxman said that the number of people who die in the Russian River each year varies, but the number this year — at least four suspected drownings — is significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some years we don’t have any, other years we have two or more, it just depends. This is getting to be more drownings than normal,” Baxman told KQED. He did not know how many people drowned in the river in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won’t have a drowning for a year or two and then we’ll have a couple,” he said. “You never know what the year is going to bring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popular swimming spot has been busier than usual this year, he said — especially amid a record heat wave in California that began last week, during which Monte Rio saw temperatures in the mid 90s and low 100s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are safety measures in place to help keep visitors safe, including the Sonoma Parks Department’s Russian River Patrol lifeguards, who roam popular beaches along the river during summer weekends. There are also signs in English and Spanish with information about the river and life jackets available to borrow, according to Baxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the river doesn’t have much of a current right now, Baxman said, it can still be dangerous, especially for non-swimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it looks calm on the surface, the river can have strong currents, deep spots and drop-offs, and underwater debris. We urge everyone to practice water safety when they visit our beautiful river,” the sheriff’s office statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxman said that people should still feel comfortable swimming in the river, but take necessary precautions based on their swimming skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to come up and enjoy the river. Please do that, but please be safe,” he said. “If you can’t swim, don’t go in the water. And if you do go in, please make sure you have some sort of flotation device.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Samantha Lim contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "More People Make 'No-Buy Year' Pledges as Overspending or Climate Worries Catch Up With Them",
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"headTitle": "More People Make ‘No-Buy Year’ Pledges as Overspending or Climate Worries Catch Up With Them | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 35-year-old Brooklyn resident gave up buying new clothes. A 22-year-old in San Diego swore off retail therapy \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/target-lgbtq-pride-667ab2f6545645f5f86ca76394e531d6\">at Target\u003c/a>. A 26-year-old in England banned carbonated drinks from her shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three women, who don’t know each other, all started the year resolving to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cost-per-wear-shopping-inflation-9b93abdde32c855a46fb37aa7d2ff38d\">spend money\u003c/a> only on necessary purchases, or what is popularly known as engaging in a no-buy challenge. The self-imposed rules of the challenge are simple: participants pledge to stop buying non-essential items, be they unneeded shoes, additional \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/earnings-reports-8da583a91d39e17a694234ff918c5dfc\">beauty products\u003c/a> or other impulse buys, for a set amount of time, usually 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What started several years ago as a blogged-about experiment in budgeting and mindful spending has become a popular trend \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/social-media\">on social media\u003c/a>. A Reddit group where people share their experiences has 51,000 members. The challenge primarily gained popularity on TikTok, where some videos of users seeking to hold themselves accountable get hundreds of thousands of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elysia Berman, a creative director who lives in Brooklyn, decided she needed to drastically change her spending habits after she accumulated a collection of vintage designer clothing and a five-figure credit card debt. Her no-buy pledge included no \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fashion-retail-trend-gen-z-millennial-9d5cdf091384841999f28be8a243f889\">new clothes\u003c/a>, getting makeup and hair products only after she finished the ones she had, and limiting social outings to low- or no-expense activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Berman, adopting a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-27e6f62051b887b005ef79c8b455b11a\">more frugal lifestyle\u003c/a> serves one purpose: paying down her \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/credit-card-debt-consumer-relief-rates-89114fe06ce6ef7596c8a336532e0f06\">credit card debt\u003c/a>. “It wasn’t like I wanted to challenge myself. I’m really in a position where this is a necessary next step for me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sticking to her pledge and progressing toward her financial goal have proven more difficult than Berman expected. Within two weeks of starting her challenge, she couldn’t resist buying a new beret. Next came a new pair of boots. Although the challenge has helped her reduce her spending, she isn’t accruing savings as much as living within her means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having this lifestyle adjustment, I was anticipating that it would make a huge difference in my ability to pay down my debt,” Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking about any personal financial struggles is difficult for most people, but Berman approached hers head-on by discussing her financial struggles with friends and family and then posting about these issues on social media. The latter action resulted in more exposure than she expected initially; she has over 60,000 followers \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-creators-sue-ban-bytedance-3324b0fee4473f6e05c5c51ae5ff6946\">on TikTok\u003c/a>, where a video in which she displayed her empty skin and hair products received over 1 million views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the trend has been growing for some time, the beginning of 2024 provided another opportunity for people to gain back agency over their finances following the “doom spending” of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Courtney Alev, a consumer financial advocate for the personal finance company Credit Karma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just people trying to reclaim what’s been a rampant cycle of overspending, to be able to get their financial situation back in order and be able to save money,” Alev said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone electing to join the no-buy trend has debt. Amea Wadsworth, who moved back home to San Diego, California, after graduating college, wanted to use her first full-time job as a chance to save both \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/climate-and-environment\">the environment\u003c/a> and money for her future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning to live with her mom, she began noticing how many things she had that took up space. Working for a sustainability app has also made her more aware of her \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/sustainability-daily-life-resolutions-climate-959a38cc0dd01463939becb780628ead\">personal contribution\u003c/a> to the world’s mountains of waste.[aside postID=\"news_11976367\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“I’m tracking everything that I’m spending. I’m writing it all down,” said Wadsworth, who also writes down the times she wants to buy something but doesn’t. She reviews the entries at the end of the month to determine if her purchases were really necessary purchases or a response to a quick craving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Westrap, a PhD student from Southampton, England, also uses TikTok as a way to keep herself accountable during her no-buy year. Her goal is to save three months’ worth of rent since she currently lives month-to-month. While Berman’s Achilles’ heel was fashion items, Westrap’s was food and beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I figured out that I was spending four figures on just carbonated drinks and Pepsi Max,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since social activities like going out for dinner or drinks involve spending money, Westrap decided to put a pause on dating during her yearlong no-buy challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to turn up to a date and expect them to pay for me,” she said. “And I also don’t want to get up to date and meet someone and be, ‘Oh look, I make these TikToks about not spending any money, and here I am,’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other no-spend participants give themselves some latitude. Wadsworth, for example, does not buy any physical items but does allow herself to occasionally eat out with friends and pay the cost of visiting her long-distance boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Pare, 31, of Detroit, Michigan, approached cutting back on purchases from an environmental perspective. A sustainable living aficionado with a large social media following, Pare decided to participate in the no-buy year as a way to limit her contribution to the world’s waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began by decluttering her closet and then looked for environmentally friendly ways to build a minimalist wardrobe, like hosting a clothing swap and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-middle-east-europe-asia-european-union-af5a51808634ded802c67dc571a904bf\">avoiding fashion trends\u003c/a>. At every step, Pare brings her followers along by filming short videos and sharing tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re buying less, it’s better for the planet. Overconsumption, it’s such an issue in our society,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as social media can be used for accountability and support when participating in the no-buy year challenge, it’s also \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-online-shopping-65470c109c80408f05875d8678fe5072\">one of the reasons\u003c/a> many overspend. Berman, for example, stopped following a lot of fashion influencers to reduce the urge to buy things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to avoid impulsive shopping takes rethinking your habits and becoming aware of your triggers, said Carrie Rattle, CEO of Behavioral Cents, a financial coaching company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(The challenge) does help you try to push back against that need for dopamine. Every time we shop, any of us shop, we get that little dopamine hit,” Rattle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the challenge is meant to last one year, people trying it say they are learning new techniques to help them avoid overspending in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westrap carries a bag big enough to hold something to read when she leaves her apartment so she won’t have an excuse to buy more books. Pare unsubscribed from newsletters that tempted her to buy clothes and skincare products. Berman dyed her hair back to its natural brown since salon appointments to keep the color bright blonde were costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My consumer habits have changed so much through this,” Berman said. “Just because you see all the waste and you’re like, ‘Why is this necessary? Why buy a million little things when you can just buy one big thing, and it’s even better if it’s refillable.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she makes a significant dent in the credit card debt, Berman hopes to start saving and investing. Wadsworth plans to focus on spending her money on experiences with her loved ones rather than material things. Pare hopes to pay off her student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wadsworth advises anyone who hears of the no-buy challenge and can’t imagine doing one to give it a try, even if it’s just for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say that it sounds so hard, and yeah, it sounded hard to me, too. But if it sounds so terrifying to you, it probably means that you need it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press receives support from the Charles Schwab Foundation for educational and explanatory reporting to improve financial literacy. The independent foundation is separate from Charles Schwab and Co. Inc. The AP is solely responsible for its journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "A 35-year-old Brooklyn resident gave up buying new clothes. A 22-year-old in San Diego swore off retail therapy at Target. A 26-year-old in England banned carbonated drinks from her shopping list. These three women, who don’t know each other, all started the year resolving to spend money only on necessary purchases, or what is popularly known as engaging in a no-buy challenge. The self-imposed rules of the challenge are simple: participants pledge to stop buying non-essential items, be they unneeded shoes, additional beauty products or other impulse buys, for a set amount of time, usually 12 months. What started several years ago as",
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"headline": "More People Make 'No-Buy Year' Pledges as Overspending or Climate Worries Catch Up With Them",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 35-year-old Brooklyn resident gave up buying new clothes. A 22-year-old in San Diego swore off retail therapy \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/target-lgbtq-pride-667ab2f6545645f5f86ca76394e531d6\">at Target\u003c/a>. A 26-year-old in England banned carbonated drinks from her shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three women, who don’t know each other, all started the year resolving to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cost-per-wear-shopping-inflation-9b93abdde32c855a46fb37aa7d2ff38d\">spend money\u003c/a> only on necessary purchases, or what is popularly known as engaging in a no-buy challenge. The self-imposed rules of the challenge are simple: participants pledge to stop buying non-essential items, be they unneeded shoes, additional \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/earnings-reports-8da583a91d39e17a694234ff918c5dfc\">beauty products\u003c/a> or other impulse buys, for a set amount of time, usually 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What started several years ago as a blogged-about experiment in budgeting and mindful spending has become a popular trend \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/social-media\">on social media\u003c/a>. A Reddit group where people share their experiences has 51,000 members. The challenge primarily gained popularity on TikTok, where some videos of users seeking to hold themselves accountable get hundreds of thousands of views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elysia Berman, a creative director who lives in Brooklyn, decided she needed to drastically change her spending habits after she accumulated a collection of vintage designer clothing and a five-figure credit card debt. Her no-buy pledge included no \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fashion-retail-trend-gen-z-millennial-9d5cdf091384841999f28be8a243f889\">new clothes\u003c/a>, getting makeup and hair products only after she finished the ones she had, and limiting social outings to low- or no-expense activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Berman, adopting a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-27e6f62051b887b005ef79c8b455b11a\">more frugal lifestyle\u003c/a> serves one purpose: paying down her \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/credit-card-debt-consumer-relief-rates-89114fe06ce6ef7596c8a336532e0f06\">credit card debt\u003c/a>. “It wasn’t like I wanted to challenge myself. I’m really in a position where this is a necessary next step for me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sticking to her pledge and progressing toward her financial goal have proven more difficult than Berman expected. Within two weeks of starting her challenge, she couldn’t resist buying a new beret. Next came a new pair of boots. Although the challenge has helped her reduce her spending, she isn’t accruing savings as much as living within her means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having this lifestyle adjustment, I was anticipating that it would make a huge difference in my ability to pay down my debt,” Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking about any personal financial struggles is difficult for most people, but Berman approached hers head-on by discussing her financial struggles with friends and family and then posting about these issues on social media. The latter action resulted in more exposure than she expected initially; she has over 60,000 followers \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-creators-sue-ban-bytedance-3324b0fee4473f6e05c5c51ae5ff6946\">on TikTok\u003c/a>, where a video in which she displayed her empty skin and hair products received over 1 million views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the trend has been growing for some time, the beginning of 2024 provided another opportunity for people to gain back agency over their finances following the “doom spending” of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Courtney Alev, a consumer financial advocate for the personal finance company Credit Karma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just people trying to reclaim what’s been a rampant cycle of overspending, to be able to get their financial situation back in order and be able to save money,” Alev said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone electing to join the no-buy trend has debt. Amea Wadsworth, who moved back home to San Diego, California, after graduating college, wanted to use her first full-time job as a chance to save both \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/climate-and-environment\">the environment\u003c/a> and money for her future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning to live with her mom, she began noticing how many things she had that took up space. Working for a sustainability app has also made her more aware of her \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/sustainability-daily-life-resolutions-climate-959a38cc0dd01463939becb780628ead\">personal contribution\u003c/a> to the world’s mountains of waste.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’m tracking everything that I’m spending. I’m writing it all down,” said Wadsworth, who also writes down the times she wants to buy something but doesn’t. She reviews the entries at the end of the month to determine if her purchases were really necessary purchases or a response to a quick craving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Westrap, a PhD student from Southampton, England, also uses TikTok as a way to keep herself accountable during her no-buy year. Her goal is to save three months’ worth of rent since she currently lives month-to-month. While Berman’s Achilles’ heel was fashion items, Westrap’s was food and beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I figured out that I was spending four figures on just carbonated drinks and Pepsi Max,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since social activities like going out for dinner or drinks involve spending money, Westrap decided to put a pause on dating during her yearlong no-buy challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to turn up to a date and expect them to pay for me,” she said. “And I also don’t want to get up to date and meet someone and be, ‘Oh look, I make these TikToks about not spending any money, and here I am,’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other no-spend participants give themselves some latitude. Wadsworth, for example, does not buy any physical items but does allow herself to occasionally eat out with friends and pay the cost of visiting her long-distance boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabrina Pare, 31, of Detroit, Michigan, approached cutting back on purchases from an environmental perspective. A sustainable living aficionado with a large social media following, Pare decided to participate in the no-buy year as a way to limit her contribution to the world’s waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began by decluttering her closet and then looked for environmentally friendly ways to build a minimalist wardrobe, like hosting a clothing swap and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-middle-east-europe-asia-european-union-af5a51808634ded802c67dc571a904bf\">avoiding fashion trends\u003c/a>. At every step, Pare brings her followers along by filming short videos and sharing tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re buying less, it’s better for the planet. Overconsumption, it’s such an issue in our society,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as social media can be used for accountability and support when participating in the no-buy year challenge, it’s also \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-online-shopping-65470c109c80408f05875d8678fe5072\">one of the reasons\u003c/a> many overspend. Berman, for example, stopped following a lot of fashion influencers to reduce the urge to buy things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to avoid impulsive shopping takes rethinking your habits and becoming aware of your triggers, said Carrie Rattle, CEO of Behavioral Cents, a financial coaching company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(The challenge) does help you try to push back against that need for dopamine. Every time we shop, any of us shop, we get that little dopamine hit,” Rattle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the challenge is meant to last one year, people trying it say they are learning new techniques to help them avoid overspending in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westrap carries a bag big enough to hold something to read when she leaves her apartment so she won’t have an excuse to buy more books. Pare unsubscribed from newsletters that tempted her to buy clothes and skincare products. Berman dyed her hair back to its natural brown since salon appointments to keep the color bright blonde were costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My consumer habits have changed so much through this,” Berman said. “Just because you see all the waste and you’re like, ‘Why is this necessary? Why buy a million little things when you can just buy one big thing, and it’s even better if it’s refillable.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she makes a significant dent in the credit card debt, Berman hopes to start saving and investing. Wadsworth plans to focus on spending her money on experiences with her loved ones rather than material things. Pare hopes to pay off her student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wadsworth advises anyone who hears of the no-buy challenge and can’t imagine doing one to give it a try, even if it’s just for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say that it sounds so hard, and yeah, it sounded hard to me, too. But if it sounds so terrifying to you, it probably means that you need it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press receives support from the Charles Schwab Foundation for educational and explanatory reporting to improve financial literacy. The independent foundation is separate from Charles Schwab and Co. Inc. The AP is solely responsible for its journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "us-universities-expand-climate-change-degree-offerings-amid-growing-demand",
"title": "US Universities Expand Climate Change Degree Offerings Amid Growing Demand",
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"headTitle": "US Universities Expand Climate Change Degree Offerings Amid Growing Demand | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>At 16, Katya Kondragunta has already lived through two disasters amped by climate change. First came \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fires-us-news-ap-top-news-ca-state-wire-climate-change-523a1c3e4a792972e0c5c2f4c59c07d0\">wildfires in California in 2020\u003c/a>. Ash and smoke forced her family to stay inside their Bay Area home in Fremont for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they moved to Prosper, Texas, where she dealt with \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/summer-heat-wave-fd19c3995992c93121ef4baedcbcf07e\">record-setting heat last summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had horrible heat waves, and they’ve impacted my everyday life,” the high school junior said. “I’m in cross country … I’m supposed to go outside and run every single day to get my mileage in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kondragunta said that she hasn’t learned about how climate change is intensifying these events in school, and she hopes that will change when she gets to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, U.S. colleges are creating climate change programs to meet the demand of students who want to apply their firsthand experience to what they do after high school and help find solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of centers and departments have renamed themselves or been created around these climate issues, in part because they think it will attract students and faculty,” said Kathy Jacobs, director of the University of Arizona Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions. It launched a decade ago and connects several climate programs at the school in Tucson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other early movers that created programs, majors, minors and certificates dedicated to climate change include the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://pcc.uw.edu/about/history/\">University of Washington\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/the-program/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA84CvBhCaARIsAMkAvkIZRIIi-ex30GD2D0GZaPNTujb2gtkylPjqmkfQEBzPf_ZtebCk2YMaAvTDEALw_wcB\">Yale University\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.usu.edu/degrees-majors/climate-science_bs\">Utah State University\u003c/a>, the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.umt.edu/news/2021/07/071621crea.php\">University of Montana,\u003c/a> \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.northernvermont.edu/degree-programs/climate-change-science/\">Northern Vermont University\u003c/a> and the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://atmos.ucla.edu/aos-announces-new-climate-science-major/\">University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>. Columbia, the private university in New York City, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://president.columbia.edu/news/columbia-climate-school-announcement\">opened its Climate School in 2020\u003c/a> with a graduate degree in climate and society and has related undergraduate programs in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11987693 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lydia Conger, from left, all of Utah State University, Casey Olson, climate data analyst, Ashley Lewis and Maya Cottam stand with Kaitlyn Linford, a high school student and her mother, Cherisse Linford, while being shown a wind-shielded precipitation gauge during a tour on April 1, 2024, in Logan, Utah. \u003ccite>(Rick Bowmer/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just in the past four years, the public \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/science-cb46114feef6304e3c99e6455e0459ff\">Plymouth State University in New Hampshire\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.las.iastate.edu/2022/08/04/new-climate-science-degree-at-isu-offers-interdisciplinary-training/\">Iowa State\u003c/a>, Nashville private university \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2022/03/30/vanderbilt-offers-new-climate-and-environmental-studies-major/\">Vanderbilt\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://sustainability.stanford.edu/news/new-certificates-offer-sustainability-education-graduate-students\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2023/3-questions-new-mit-major-and-its-role-fighting-climate-change-0420\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003c/a> and others have started climate-related studies. Hampton University, a private, historically Black university in Virginia, is \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://home.hamptonu.edu/blog/2024/01/12/hu-receives-4-9m-from-u-s-department-of-education-to-establish-an-interdisciplinary-climate-science-degree-program/\">building one now\u003c/a>, and the University of Texas at Austin will offer \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/news/2024/03/jackson-schools-new-climate-system-science-bachelors-degree-debuting-in-fall-2024/\">theirs this fall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-poll-opinions-attitudes-extreme-weather-993c392ee57d023ca55600431a39a4be\">climate change is affecting more\u003c/a> people is one factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration’s \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-climate-health-tax-law-economy-inflation-f112d7c78abaa724d22964317d213deb\">Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a>, the largest climate investment in U.S. history, plus growth \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/clean-energy-jobs-inflation-reduction-act-7003abd46f1e540d483a9adfcc45262a\">in climate-focused jobs,\u003c/a> are also increasing interest, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these programs, students learn how the atmosphere is changing as a result of burning coal, oil and gas, along with the way crops will shift with the warming planet and the role of renewable energy in cutting the use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dive into how to communicate about climate with the public, ethical and environmental justice aspects of climate solutions and the roles lawmakers and businesses play in cutting greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also cover disaster response and ways communities can prepare and adapt before climate change worsens. The offerings require biology, chemistry, physics, and social sciences faculty, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987701\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Data Analyst Casey Olson, center left, of Utah State University, stands with students during a tour of the climate reference station on April 1, 2024, in Logan, Utah. \u003ccite>(Rick Bowmer/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just ‘Oh, yeah, climate, global warming, environmental stuff,’” said Lydia Conger, a senior who enrolled at Utah State specifically for its climate science studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has these interesting technical parts in math and physics, but then also has this element of geology,” she said, “and oceanography and ecology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When higher education institutions put their programs together, they often draw on existing meteorology and atmospheric sciences studies. Some house climate under sustainability or environmental science departments. However, climate tracks need to go beyond those to satisfy some incoming students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kennebunk, Maine, high school junior Will Eagleson has lived through storms that caused coastal destruction. The sea level is rising in his hometown. As the 17-year-old considers college, he said to get his attention, schools must “narrow it down from environmental and Earth science as a whole to more climate change-focused programs.”[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='environment']For Lucia Everist, a senior at Edina High School in Minnesota who is frustrated at her lack of climate education so far, schools need to go deeper into the human impact of climate change. She cited a disproportionate impact on Black, Latino, Indigenous and low-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I looked a lot into the curriculum itself,” the 18-year-old said of her college search. Everywhere she applied, “I made sure had the social aspect just as much as the science aspect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate students need to learn everything from health care to how to store clean solar and wind energy, said Megan Latshaw, who runs Johns Hopkins University’s master’s programs in its Environmental Health and Engineering department. The school has a graduate degree in energy policy and climate and offers two certificates that include climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the flooding. It’s the heat waves. It’s the wildfires. It’s the air pollution that’s generated when we’re burning fossil fuels. It’s allergies. It’s water scarcity, and people who may have to flee where they’ve lived for their entire life,” Latshaw said. She noted that the university is looking into weaving climate change into its schools of public health, engineering, education, medicine, nursing and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be that many colleges nationwide face \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://sheeo.org/shef_report_22/\">declining enrollment\u003c/a> and less public funding, pushing them to market new degrees to stay relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small, private colleges have \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_317.50.asp\">had to shut down\u003c/a> over the last decade, with fewer students graduating from high school and more \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/skipping-college-student-loans-trade-jobs-efc1f6d6067ab770f6e512b3f7719cc0\">opting for career-oriented training\u003c/a>. The same pressures affect large public university systems, which have \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/west-virginia-university-academic-faculty-cuts-245527c044cc2cfe80bcbe8c2eda7e98\">cut academic programs and faculty\u003c/a> to close budget gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is definitely some part of academia that just simply responds to consumer demand,” said John Knox, undergraduate coordinator for the University of Georgia’s Atmospheric Sciences program, who is considering whether the school should offer a climate certificate. “In the end, I’m worried more about our students succeeding than marketing something to somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Many U.S. high school students are sensitive to the ongoing climate crisis, and some are demanding more paths that allow them to work on solutions to the planet's warming. Colleges and universities are responding.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 16, Katya Kondragunta has already lived through two disasters amped by climate change. First came \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fires-us-news-ap-top-news-ca-state-wire-climate-change-523a1c3e4a792972e0c5c2f4c59c07d0\">wildfires in California in 2020\u003c/a>. Ash and smoke forced her family to stay inside their Bay Area home in Fremont for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they moved to Prosper, Texas, where she dealt with \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/summer-heat-wave-fd19c3995992c93121ef4baedcbcf07e\">record-setting heat last summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had horrible heat waves, and they’ve impacted my everyday life,” the high school junior said. “I’m in cross country … I’m supposed to go outside and run every single day to get my mileage in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kondragunta said that she hasn’t learned about how climate change is intensifying these events in school, and she hopes that will change when she gets to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, U.S. colleges are creating climate change programs to meet the demand of students who want to apply their firsthand experience to what they do after high school and help find solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of centers and departments have renamed themselves or been created around these climate issues, in part because they think it will attract students and faculty,” said Kathy Jacobs, director of the University of Arizona Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions. It launched a decade ago and connects several climate programs at the school in Tucson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other early movers that created programs, majors, minors and certificates dedicated to climate change include the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://pcc.uw.edu/about/history/\">University of Washington\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/the-program/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA84CvBhCaARIsAMkAvkIZRIIi-ex30GD2D0GZaPNTujb2gtkylPjqmkfQEBzPf_ZtebCk2YMaAvTDEALw_wcB\">Yale University\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.usu.edu/degrees-majors/climate-science_bs\">Utah State University\u003c/a>, the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.umt.edu/news/2021/07/071621crea.php\">University of Montana,\u003c/a> \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.northernvermont.edu/degree-programs/climate-change-science/\">Northern Vermont University\u003c/a> and the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://atmos.ucla.edu/aos-announces-new-climate-science-major/\">University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>. Columbia, the private university in New York City, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://president.columbia.edu/news/columbia-climate-school-announcement\">opened its Climate School in 2020\u003c/a> with a graduate degree in climate and society and has related undergraduate programs in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11987693 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708383197-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lydia Conger, from left, all of Utah State University, Casey Olson, climate data analyst, Ashley Lewis and Maya Cottam stand with Kaitlyn Linford, a high school student and her mother, Cherisse Linford, while being shown a wind-shielded precipitation gauge during a tour on April 1, 2024, in Logan, Utah. \u003ccite>(Rick Bowmer/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just in the past four years, the public \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/science-cb46114feef6304e3c99e6455e0459ff\">Plymouth State University in New Hampshire\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.las.iastate.edu/2022/08/04/new-climate-science-degree-at-isu-offers-interdisciplinary-training/\">Iowa State\u003c/a>, Nashville private university \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2022/03/30/vanderbilt-offers-new-climate-and-environmental-studies-major/\">Vanderbilt\u003c/a>, \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://sustainability.stanford.edu/news/new-certificates-offer-sustainability-education-graduate-students\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2023/3-questions-new-mit-major-and-its-role-fighting-climate-change-0420\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003c/a> and others have started climate-related studies. Hampton University, a private, historically Black university in Virginia, is \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://home.hamptonu.edu/blog/2024/01/12/hu-receives-4-9m-from-u-s-department-of-education-to-establish-an-interdisciplinary-climate-science-degree-program/\">building one now\u003c/a>, and the University of Texas at Austin will offer \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/news/2024/03/jackson-schools-new-climate-system-science-bachelors-degree-debuting-in-fall-2024/\">theirs this fall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-poll-opinions-attitudes-extreme-weather-993c392ee57d023ca55600431a39a4be\">climate change is affecting more\u003c/a> people is one factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration’s \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-climate-health-tax-law-economy-inflation-f112d7c78abaa724d22964317d213deb\">Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a>, the largest climate investment in U.S. history, plus growth \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/clean-energy-jobs-inflation-reduction-act-7003abd46f1e540d483a9adfcc45262a\">in climate-focused jobs,\u003c/a> are also increasing interest, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these programs, students learn how the atmosphere is changing as a result of burning coal, oil and gas, along with the way crops will shift with the warming planet and the role of renewable energy in cutting the use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dive into how to communicate about climate with the public, ethical and environmental justice aspects of climate solutions and the roles lawmakers and businesses play in cutting greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also cover disaster response and ways communities can prepare and adapt before climate change worsens. The offerings require biology, chemistry, physics, and social sciences faculty, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987701\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24142708514095-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Data Analyst Casey Olson, center left, of Utah State University, stands with students during a tour of the climate reference station on April 1, 2024, in Logan, Utah. \u003ccite>(Rick Bowmer/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just ‘Oh, yeah, climate, global warming, environmental stuff,’” said Lydia Conger, a senior who enrolled at Utah State specifically for its climate science studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has these interesting technical parts in math and physics, but then also has this element of geology,” she said, “and oceanography and ecology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When higher education institutions put their programs together, they often draw on existing meteorology and atmospheric sciences studies. Some house climate under sustainability or environmental science departments. However, climate tracks need to go beyond those to satisfy some incoming students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kennebunk, Maine, high school junior Will Eagleson has lived through storms that caused coastal destruction. The sea level is rising in his hometown. As the 17-year-old considers college, he said to get his attention, schools must “narrow it down from environmental and Earth science as a whole to more climate change-focused programs.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For Lucia Everist, a senior at Edina High School in Minnesota who is frustrated at her lack of climate education so far, schools need to go deeper into the human impact of climate change. She cited a disproportionate impact on Black, Latino, Indigenous and low-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I looked a lot into the curriculum itself,” the 18-year-old said of her college search. Everywhere she applied, “I made sure had the social aspect just as much as the science aspect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate students need to learn everything from health care to how to store clean solar and wind energy, said Megan Latshaw, who runs Johns Hopkins University’s master’s programs in its Environmental Health and Engineering department. The school has a graduate degree in energy policy and climate and offers two certificates that include climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the flooding. It’s the heat waves. It’s the wildfires. It’s the air pollution that’s generated when we’re burning fossil fuels. It’s allergies. It’s water scarcity, and people who may have to flee where they’ve lived for their entire life,” Latshaw said. She noted that the university is looking into weaving climate change into its schools of public health, engineering, education, medicine, nursing and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be that many colleges nationwide face \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://sheeo.org/shef_report_22/\">declining enrollment\u003c/a> and less public funding, pushing them to market new degrees to stay relevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small, private colleges have \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_317.50.asp\">had to shut down\u003c/a> over the last decade, with fewer students graduating from high school and more \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/skipping-college-student-loans-trade-jobs-efc1f6d6067ab770f6e512b3f7719cc0\">opting for career-oriented training\u003c/a>. The same pressures affect large public university systems, which have \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/west-virginia-university-academic-faculty-cuts-245527c044cc2cfe80bcbe8c2eda7e98\">cut academic programs and faculty\u003c/a> to close budget gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is definitely some part of academia that just simply responds to consumer demand,” said John Knox, undergraduate coordinator for the University of Georgia’s Atmospheric Sciences program, who is considering whether the school should offer a climate certificate. “In the end, I’m worried more about our students succeeding than marketing something to somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "ethical-dilemma-for-climate-voters-in-californias-13th-district",
"title": "Ethical Dilemma For Climate Voters In California's 13th District",
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"headTitle": "Ethical Dilemma For Climate Voters In California’s 13th District | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Tuesday, May 21, 2024: \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Close races in California could decide who controls the U.S. House of Representatives this year. One of the most competitive races in the state is District 13, a sprawling area between Stockton and Fresno. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change is among voters’ top priorities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> there. But some liberal voters are facing an ethical dilemma – they’re disillusioned by U.S. support of Israel and may choose not to vote in November.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A law that phases in a $25 minimum wage for California’s lowest-paid health care workers was set to take effect on June 1. But as the state deals with a massive budget deficit, implementation \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986998/first-of-californias-healthcare-minimum-wage-hikes-likely-to-be-delayed\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be delayed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by a month, giving Governor Newsom and lawmakers more time to negotiate the projected costs to the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Assembly has approved \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a17.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240110-haney-brings-back-bill-create-amsterdam-style-cannabis-cafes-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a bill that would allow Amsterdam-style cannabis cafes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in California. These are businesses where, along with cannabis, customers could also buy food, coffee and other non-alcoholic drinks. Governor Newsom \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963827/newsom-vetoes-more-bills-including-bill-that-would-have-legalized-cannabis-cafes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vetoed a similar bill \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">last year. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2024-05-21/fong-and-boudreaux-face-off-for-mccarthys-vacant-us-house-seat-in-a-special-election\">special election is being held Tuesday\u003c/a>, with the winner serving the remainder of former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy’s term. State Assemblymember Vince Fong and Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-house-special-election-8dce30c4ece3fdcd70b9eaef1d5849f8\">,\u003c/a> both Republicans, are vying for the vacant 20th Congressional District seat in the state’s Central Valley.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race\">\u003cb>Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California’s District 13 Race\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we head into November,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2024/us-house/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a handful of congressional races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in California are being closely watched, as Democrats look to regain control of the House. One of the races is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/politics-government/election/article284736736.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">District 13\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which will feature a rematch between Republican Congressman John Duarte and Democrat Adam Gray. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change has long been an issue that’s front and center for many voters in the Central Valley district. But this year, with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Israel’s ongoing war in Gaza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, many climate advocates are grappling with a difficult choice – vote in the election even though they don’t agree with the U.S. position on the war or abstain from voting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986998/first-of-californias-healthcare-minimum-wage-hikes-likely-to-be-delayed\">\u003cb>First Of California’s Health Care Minimum Wage Hikes Likely To Be Delayed\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A plan to gradually increase the minimum wage to $25 an hour for 500,000 health care workers in California could be delayed by a month, as the state faces \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985695/newsom-proposes-cutting-10000-vacant-state-jobs-to-help-close-27-billion-budget\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an estimated budget deficit of $27.6 billion.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Sen. Maria Elena Durazo (D-Los Angeles) introduced \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB828\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a bill on Monday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to delay the first increase from June 1 to July 1 to give Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration and lawmakers more time to negotiate the estimated costs of the program and other implementation issues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Department of Finance estimates that complying with the raises \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967144/minimum-wage-hike-for-california-health-workers-will-cost-billions-workers-say-they-need-it\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">would cost the state $4 billion in the first year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including increased labor costs for about 26,000 state employees and higher Medi-Cal managed care payments. Labor unions and worker advocates have criticized that estimate, saying it’s too high.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>State Assembly Approves Bill That Would Make Amsterdam-Style Cannabis Cafes Legal \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Assembly has \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-20/california-cannabis-cafes-assembly-vote-matt-haney-weed-marijuana\">overwhelmingly passed a bill\u003c/a> that would allow for Amsterdam-style cannabis cafes to open in California. These are businesses where, along with the cannabis, customers could buy food, coffee and other non-alcoholic drinks, as well as listen to live music.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation now goes to the state Senate. Assemblymember Matt Haney authored \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a17.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240110-haney-brings-back-bill-create-amsterdam-style-cannabis-cafes-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Similar legislation was \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963827/newsom-vetoes-more-bills-including-bill-that-would-have-legalized-cannabis-cafes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vetoed by Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year, who cited concerns about workers being provided a smoke-free environment. But Haney said he’s worked to improve the proposal, which would now prohibit cannabis smoking in areas where food is being prepared or stored.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2024-05-21/fong-and-boudreaux-face-off-for-mccarthys-vacant-us-house-seat-in-a-special-election\">\u003cb>Two Republicans Face Off To Fill Remainder Of Kevin McCarthy’s Term\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A California legislator backed by former President Donald Trump and a county sheriff promising to fight for tougher border security are matched in a special election Tuesday to decide who will complete the remainder of the term of deposed former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, which runs through January.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Assemblymember Vince Fong and Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux, both Republicans, are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975048/race-to-win-mccarthys-house-seat-echoes-d-c-chaos\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vying for the vacant 20th Congressional District seat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the state’s Central Valley farm belt. The district, which cuts through parts of Bakersfield and Fresno, is the most strongly Republican House seat in heavily Democratic California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">McCarthy’s surprise resignation in December \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11969228/kevin-mccarthy-surprise-resignation-sets-off-mad-scramble-to-replace-him\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">set off a mad scramble to replace him. \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Ethical Dilemma For Climate Voters In California's 13th District | KQED",
"description": "Here are the morning’s top stories on Tuesday, May 21, 2024: Close races in California could decide who controls the U.S. House of Representatives this year. One of the most competitive races in the state is District 13, a sprawling area between Stockton and Fresno. Climate change is among voters' top priorities there. But some liberal voters are facing an ethical dilemma - they’re disillusioned by U.S. support of Israel and may choose not to vote in November. A law that phases in a $25 minimum wage for California’s lowest-paid health care workers was set to take effect on June",
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"headline": "Ethical Dilemma For Climate Voters In California's 13th District",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Tuesday, May 21, 2024: \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Close races in California could decide who controls the U.S. House of Representatives this year. One of the most competitive races in the state is District 13, a sprawling area between Stockton and Fresno. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change is among voters’ top priorities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> there. But some liberal voters are facing an ethical dilemma – they’re disillusioned by U.S. support of Israel and may choose not to vote in November.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A law that phases in a $25 minimum wage for California’s lowest-paid health care workers was set to take effect on June 1. But as the state deals with a massive budget deficit, implementation \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986998/first-of-californias-healthcare-minimum-wage-hikes-likely-to-be-delayed\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be delayed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by a month, giving Governor Newsom and lawmakers more time to negotiate the projected costs to the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Assembly has approved \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a17.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240110-haney-brings-back-bill-create-amsterdam-style-cannabis-cafes-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a bill that would allow Amsterdam-style cannabis cafes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in California. These are businesses where, along with cannabis, customers could also buy food, coffee and other non-alcoholic drinks. Governor Newsom \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963827/newsom-vetoes-more-bills-including-bill-that-would-have-legalized-cannabis-cafes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vetoed a similar bill \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">last year. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2024-05-21/fong-and-boudreaux-face-off-for-mccarthys-vacant-us-house-seat-in-a-special-election\">special election is being held Tuesday\u003c/a>, with the winner serving the remainder of former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy’s term. State Assemblymember Vince Fong and Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-house-special-election-8dce30c4ece3fdcd70b9eaef1d5849f8\">,\u003c/a> both Republicans, are vying for the vacant 20th Congressional District seat in the state’s Central Valley.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race\">\u003cb>Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California’s District 13 Race\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we head into November,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2024/us-house/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a handful of congressional races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in California are being closely watched, as Democrats look to regain control of the House. One of the races is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/politics-government/election/article284736736.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">District 13\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which will feature a rematch between Republican Congressman John Duarte and Democrat Adam Gray. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change has long been an issue that’s front and center for many voters in the Central Valley district. But this year, with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Israel’s ongoing war in Gaza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, many climate advocates are grappling with a difficult choice – vote in the election even though they don’t agree with the U.S. position on the war or abstain from voting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986998/first-of-californias-healthcare-minimum-wage-hikes-likely-to-be-delayed\">\u003cb>First Of California’s Health Care Minimum Wage Hikes Likely To Be Delayed\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A plan to gradually increase the minimum wage to $25 an hour for 500,000 health care workers in California could be delayed by a month, as the state faces \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985695/newsom-proposes-cutting-10000-vacant-state-jobs-to-help-close-27-billion-budget\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an estimated budget deficit of $27.6 billion.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Sen. Maria Elena Durazo (D-Los Angeles) introduced \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB828\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a bill on Monday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to delay the first increase from June 1 to July 1 to give Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration and lawmakers more time to negotiate the estimated costs of the program and other implementation issues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Department of Finance estimates that complying with the raises \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967144/minimum-wage-hike-for-california-health-workers-will-cost-billions-workers-say-they-need-it\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">would cost the state $4 billion in the first year\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including increased labor costs for about 26,000 state employees and higher Medi-Cal managed care payments. Labor unions and worker advocates have criticized that estimate, saying it’s too high.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>State Assembly Approves Bill That Would Make Amsterdam-Style Cannabis Cafes Legal \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Assembly has \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-20/california-cannabis-cafes-assembly-vote-matt-haney-weed-marijuana\">overwhelmingly passed a bill\u003c/a> that would allow for Amsterdam-style cannabis cafes to open in California. These are businesses where, along with the cannabis, customers could buy food, coffee and other non-alcoholic drinks, as well as listen to live music.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation now goes to the state Senate. Assemblymember Matt Haney authored \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a17.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240110-haney-brings-back-bill-create-amsterdam-style-cannabis-cafes-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Similar legislation was \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963827/newsom-vetoes-more-bills-including-bill-that-would-have-legalized-cannabis-cafes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vetoed by Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year, who cited concerns about workers being provided a smoke-free environment. But Haney said he’s worked to improve the proposal, which would now prohibit cannabis smoking in areas where food is being prepared or stored.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2024-05-21/fong-and-boudreaux-face-off-for-mccarthys-vacant-us-house-seat-in-a-special-election\">\u003cb>Two Republicans Face Off To Fill Remainder Of Kevin McCarthy’s Term\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A California legislator backed by former President Donald Trump and a county sheriff promising to fight for tougher border security are matched in a special election Tuesday to decide who will complete the remainder of the term of deposed former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, which runs through January.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Assemblymember Vince Fong and Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux, both Republicans, are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975048/race-to-win-mccarthys-house-seat-echoes-d-c-chaos\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vying for the vacant 20th Congressional District seat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the state’s Central Valley farm belt. The district, which cuts through parts of Bakersfield and Fresno, is the most strongly Republican House seat in heavily Democratic California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">McCarthy’s surprise resignation in December \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11969228/kevin-mccarthy-surprise-resignation-sets-off-mad-scramble-to-replace-him\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">set off a mad scramble to replace him. \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "californias-2023-snow-deluge-was-a-freak-event-study-says",
"title": "California’s 2023 Snow Deluge Was a Freak Event, Study Says",
"publishDate": 1714426215,
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"headTitle": "California’s 2023 Snow Deluge Was a Freak Event, Study Says | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last year’s snow deluge in California, which quickly erased a two-decadelong megadrought, was essentially a once-in-a-lifetime rescue from above, a new study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t get used to it because with \u003ca href=\"http://www.apnews.com/climate-and-environment\">climate change,\u003c/a> the 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/snow-storms-ski-tahoe-winter-resorts-230c1bedc486c16012f156c46f09e9de\">California snow bonanza\u003c/a> —a record for snow on the ground on April 1 — will be less likely in the future, said the study in Monday’s journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study authors coined the term “snow deluge” for one-in-20-year heavy snowfalls when it’s cold and wet enough to maintain a deep snowpack through April 1. But even among these rare snow deluges, last year’s stood out as the snowiest, edging out 1922 in snow water equivalent, said study lead author Adrienne Marshall, a hydrologist at the Colorado School of Mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its timing couldn’t be better. Last year’s snow came after a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-west-megadrought-f02449c2db4f0ebeb1557bb39504c62d\">megadrought that started around the turn of the century and was one of the worst in more than 1,000 years\u003c/a>. That \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-drought-snow-rain-storms-d28c947cc8633f741871844c41006b7e\">drought is gone\u003c/a> now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t count on these big snow years coming every couple of years to bail us out,” Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at different scenarios of emissions of heat-trapping gases in the future, she said it would be “increasingly rare” for most people alive now to see snow like this in California in the future. Her team’s calculations show that these 1-in-20-year deluges will be 58% smaller by the end of this century than in recent decades, with even just moderate climate change.[aside postID=\"science_1992194,science_1991866,science_1991522\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain, who wasn’t part of the study but specializes in weather in the U.S. West, said, “I would not be surprised if 2023 was the coldest, snowiest winter for the rest of my own lifetime in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given climate change, it’s even more of a sure thing that winter was likely the coldest that most Californians will experience in the rest of their lives, Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow deluges came from repeated atmospheric rives, said Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, who was not part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is no stranger to atmospheric rivers, but having so many was pretty bizarre,” Serreze said. “Maybe we are moving back to a wetter regime, but even if we are, there is simply not enough water go around anymore. And as the climate warms, the snowpack will keep shrinking, making it harder and harder to manage the water resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California snowpack meets, on average, just 30% of the state’s water needs — the rest is mostly imported or pumped from the ground. \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2024/Apr-24/April-Snow-Survey-Shows-Above-Average-Snowpack-for-Second-Straight-Season\">This year’s\u003c/a> April 1 snowpack was the second consecutive year of above-average accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents and especially officials \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/colorado-river-drought-water-arizona-california-basin-08cdce814c0f04f06f771d4232a61632\">negotiating water rights\u003c/a>, a contentious issue in the West, have to keep snow droughts in their memory even if California is flush from last year’s “gift” of a snow deluge, Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her team focused on snow rather than all types of precipitation. That’s because a rainy winter doesn’t help bank as much water for California’s hot, dry summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dams and reservoirs have kind of long been environmentally contentious in California and elsewhere, and we have this massive natural reservoir in the mountains, and that’s snowpack,” Marshall said. “So when water falls as snow, it sits around in the mountains for often quite a long time and then melts in the late spring and the summer when we need it the most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that as the climate warms, there will still be years with snow deluges, but they will be far lighter than now if greenhouse gas emissions aren’t rapidly reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the study focused on California, Marshall said her team saw similar projected patterns across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the inconveniences and even dangers of excessive snowfall in the Sierras, all should remain grateful that water ‘rescues’ have taken place as recently as 2023,” said Rutgers University Global Snow Lab Director David Robinson, who wasn’t part of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Robinson said these exceptionally wet, cold years will occur even less in the future, so it’s a reminder of “how precious and finite our freshwater resources are now and will remain so in our ongoing warming world.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new study finds that last year’s snow deluge in California, which quickly erased a two decade long megadrought, was essentially a once-in-a-lifetime rescue from above. Don’t get used to it. ",
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"title": "California’s 2023 Snow Deluge Was a Freak Event, Study Says | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year’s snow deluge in California, which quickly erased a two-decadelong megadrought, was essentially a once-in-a-lifetime rescue from above, a new study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t get used to it because with \u003ca href=\"http://www.apnews.com/climate-and-environment\">climate change,\u003c/a> the 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/snow-storms-ski-tahoe-winter-resorts-230c1bedc486c16012f156c46f09e9de\">California snow bonanza\u003c/a> —a record for snow on the ground on April 1 — will be less likely in the future, said the study in Monday’s journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study authors coined the term “snow deluge” for one-in-20-year heavy snowfalls when it’s cold and wet enough to maintain a deep snowpack through April 1. But even among these rare snow deluges, last year’s stood out as the snowiest, edging out 1922 in snow water equivalent, said study lead author Adrienne Marshall, a hydrologist at the Colorado School of Mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its timing couldn’t be better. Last year’s snow came after a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-west-megadrought-f02449c2db4f0ebeb1557bb39504c62d\">megadrought that started around the turn of the century and was one of the worst in more than 1,000 years\u003c/a>. That \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-drought-snow-rain-storms-d28c947cc8633f741871844c41006b7e\">drought is gone\u003c/a> now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t count on these big snow years coming every couple of years to bail us out,” Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at different scenarios of emissions of heat-trapping gases in the future, she said it would be “increasingly rare” for most people alive now to see snow like this in California in the future. Her team’s calculations show that these 1-in-20-year deluges will be 58% smaller by the end of this century than in recent decades, with even just moderate climate change.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain, who wasn’t part of the study but specializes in weather in the U.S. West, said, “I would not be surprised if 2023 was the coldest, snowiest winter for the rest of my own lifetime in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given climate change, it’s even more of a sure thing that winter was likely the coldest that most Californians will experience in the rest of their lives, Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow deluges came from repeated atmospheric rives, said Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, who was not part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is no stranger to atmospheric rivers, but having so many was pretty bizarre,” Serreze said. “Maybe we are moving back to a wetter regime, but even if we are, there is simply not enough water go around anymore. And as the climate warms, the snowpack will keep shrinking, making it harder and harder to manage the water resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California snowpack meets, on average, just 30% of the state’s water needs — the rest is mostly imported or pumped from the ground. \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2024/Apr-24/April-Snow-Survey-Shows-Above-Average-Snowpack-for-Second-Straight-Season\">This year’s\u003c/a> April 1 snowpack was the second consecutive year of above-average accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents and especially officials \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/colorado-river-drought-water-arizona-california-basin-08cdce814c0f04f06f771d4232a61632\">negotiating water rights\u003c/a>, a contentious issue in the West, have to keep snow droughts in their memory even if California is flush from last year’s “gift” of a snow deluge, Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her team focused on snow rather than all types of precipitation. That’s because a rainy winter doesn’t help bank as much water for California’s hot, dry summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dams and reservoirs have kind of long been environmentally contentious in California and elsewhere, and we have this massive natural reservoir in the mountains, and that’s snowpack,” Marshall said. “So when water falls as snow, it sits around in the mountains for often quite a long time and then melts in the late spring and the summer when we need it the most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that as the climate warms, there will still be years with snow deluges, but they will be far lighter than now if greenhouse gas emissions aren’t rapidly reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the study focused on California, Marshall said her team saw similar projected patterns across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the inconveniences and even dangers of excessive snowfall in the Sierras, all should remain grateful that water ‘rescues’ have taken place as recently as 2023,” said Rutgers University Global Snow Lab Director David Robinson, who wasn’t part of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Robinson said these exceptionally wet, cold years will occur even less in the future, so it’s a reminder of “how precious and finite our freshwater resources are now and will remain so in our ongoing warming world.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "when-rivers-caught-fire-a-brief-history-of-earth-day",
"title": "When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Which president made the following statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they, more than we, will wreak the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the 54nd anniversary of Earth Day, our planet needs all the love it can get. From the increasingly severe impacts of climate change to rapid deforestation and species extinction, there is broad scientific consensus that we’re up against a mounting number of potentially catastrophic challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Former Sen. Gaylord Nelson, D-Wisconsin\"]‘If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.’[/pullquote]The evidence notwithstanding, many of America’s strongest environmental protections have long been under attack, and took a particularly harsh beating over the past four years of the Trump administration, when efforts to dismantle regulations went into extreme overdrive — much of which President Biden is now trying to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what it’s worth, though, the environmental outlook in the late 1960s wasn’t too rosy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of largely unregulated industrial and economic growth in the wake of World War II, the U.S. had managed to majorly muck up its air and water resources. Toxic effluent from factories frequently spilled into streams and rivers. Open spaces were used as dumping grounds. DDT and other synthetic chemicals contaminated natural habitats and water supplies. And air pollution from factories and belching cars left many industrial areas shrouded in thick blankets of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handful of the environmental catastrophes that happened within less than three years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1966\u003c/strong>: In New York City, 168 people die of respiratory-related illnesses over a three-day period due primarily to horrendously poor air quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1967\u003c/strong>: Interior Department Secretary Stewart L. Udall announces the first official list of endangered wildlife species. Among the 78 species is the bald eagle, America’s national bird.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>January 1969\u003c/strong>: A blowout at an offshore oil rig near Santa Barbara caused as much as \u003ca href=\"http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/45-years-after-santa-barbara-oil-spill-looking-historic-disaster-through-technology.html\">4.2 million gallons of crude oil to spill\u003c/a> into the Santa Barbara Channel and onto nearby beaches. It lasts for 10 straight days, becoming (at that point) the largest oil spill in American history. Today, it ranks only third, overtaken by the 1989 Exxon Valdez and 2010 Deepwater Horizon spills).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>June 1969\u003c/strong>: A particularly fetid industrial stretch of the Cuyahoga River running through Cleveland bursts into flames (seriously) when oil-soaked debris in the water is ignited by sparks from a passing train.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/nlHiaZFvcXA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A movement begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As urban unrest and the anti-war movement ignited across the nation, environmental activism had yet to gain a strong foothold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from Sen. Gaylord Nelson, a Democrat from Wisconsin, who spearheaded a national day of awareness in the aftermath of these environmental disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could tap into the environmental concerns of the general public and infuse the student anti-war energy into the environmental cause, we could generate a demonstration that would force the issue onto the national political agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 1969, Nelson formed a bipartisan congressional steering committee and enlisted Denis Hayes, a 25-year-old Harvard Law School dropout, to coordinate the initiative. Influenced by anti-war campus activism, Hayes sought to organize environmental teach-ins throughout the country to occur simultaneously on April 22, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited budget and no email or internet access, Hayes and a small group of organizers mailed out thousands of appeals, recruiting an army of young volunteers to organize local events in communities and campuses across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 30, 1969, the New York Times reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising concern about the ‘environmental crisis’ is sweeping the nation’s campuses with an intensity that may be on its way to eclipsing student discontent over the war in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The big launch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Interviewed in the recent PBS documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/earthdays/player/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth Days\u003c/a>,” Hayes recalled the sentiment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lord knows what we thought we were doing. It was wild and exciting and out of control and the sort of thing that lets you know you’ve really got something big happening … What we were trying to do was create a brand-new public consciousness that would cause the rules of the game to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, an estimated 20 million people participated in that first Earth Day, a name coined by advertising guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/22/401540530/julian-koenig-well-known-adman-named-earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Koenig\u003c/a> (father of Sarah Koenig of “Serial” podcast fame).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/earthday.pdf\">Read the New York Times article from April 22, 1970.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/WbwC281uzUs?list=PL3480E41AA956A42B\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a huge high adrenaline effort that in the end genuinely changed things,” Hayes said. “Before [that], there were people that opposed freeways, people that opposed clear-cutting, or people worried about pesticides, [but] they didn’t think of themselves as having anything in common. After Earth Day they were all part of an environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes’ assertions were affirmed by several national polls showing a rapid rise in the public’s concern about air and water resources. In the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaw_LEGXnLgC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=gallup+poll+1970+air+and+water&source=bl&ots=2VWCAqHwG0&sig=cHedWfHfSGwQged_dPXyHtrbjSg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GEs1VfCRCJe3ogS7yoHIAQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gallup%20poll%201970%20air%20and%20water&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup Opinion Index\u003c/a>, the percentage of respondents who considered air and water pollution a top national problem rose from 17% in 1969 to 53% by 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth Day the following year, an independent group launched an anti-litter public service announcement, known as the “Crying Indian,” which featured a white actor in a headdress, rowing a birch bark canoe and shedding a tear when he sees garbage strewn everywhere. Despite the ad’s culturally questionable premise, it proved enormously popular and is still considered one of the most successful public service announcements in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9Dmtkxm9yQY\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unexpected alliances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first question of the quiz. The group most supportive of the first Earth Day organizing effort — financially and otherwise — was none other than the United Auto Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1888 alignright\" style=\"border: 0px none;\" title=\"UAW\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW-300x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>A labor union not generally thought of for championing environmental causes, the UAW donated funds for the event and turned out volunteers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UAW President Walter Reuther pledged his union’s full support for Earth Day and for subsequent air quality legislation that the auto industry staunchly opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good is a dollar an hour more in wages if your neighborhood is burning down?” he said. “What good is another week’s vacation if the lake you used to go to is polluted and you can’t swim in it and the kids can’t play in it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensing a political shift, General Motors president Edward Cole soon thereafter promised “pollution-free” cars by 1980. (That didn’t pan out so well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Golden era of environmental regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember the mystery quote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was said by President Richard Nixon during his 1970 State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that Nixon, the conservative Republican most commonly remembered for prolonging America’s involvement in Vietnam and resigning in disgrace over the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nixon also oversaw the most sweeping environmental regulations in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the first Earth Day, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://ceq.hss.doe.gov/\">National Environmental Policy Act\u003c/a>, which among other things, required environmental impact statements for major new building projects and developments. Nixon signed it into law on Jan. 1, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalism had never been one of Nixon’s major political priorities, but his administration — like the UAW — recognized the shifting political tide, as public outcry and media attention to environmental issues increased. It also didn’t hurt that at the time both the House and Senate were controlled by Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"earth-day\"]Within months, Nixon approved the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency \u003c/a>(EPA) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>(NOAA). Later that year, he signed an extension of the Clean Air Act, requiring the newly formed EPA to create and enforce air regulations, which among other things led to the installation of catalytic converters on all cars sold in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1972, Nixon signed the Clean Water Act, Pesticide Control Act (which banned DDT) and Marine Mammal Protection Act. A year later, he also signed the Endangered Species Act and the Safe Water Drinking Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these bills were approved with bipartisan support in Congress, in some instances nearly unanimously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech in 1972, Nixon said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking these actions not in some distant future, but now, because we know that it is now or never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental conditions in the United States began to slowly improve. Which is not to say there wasn’t strong political opposition and major lingering problems, But for a time — stretching through the Ford and Carter administrations — the pursuit of environmentalism maintained a strong bipartisan support. In the last year of his presidency, Carter even installed solar panels on the roof of the White House to promote renewable energy initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>End of the green honeymoon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown in the late 1970s swept in a tide of political change. In 1981, a year into his first term as president, Ronald Reagan appointed two aggressive defenders of industry to head the EPA and the Department of the Interior. As part of the “Reagan Revolution,” the administration moved rapidly to slash federal budgets, cutting the EPA’s funding by nearly half. Environmental enforcement was weakened considerably, as large swaths of public land were opened up for mining, drilling, grazing and other private uses. In a famous symbolic act, the solar panels on the White House roof were dismantled during his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, a number of significant environmental policies were advanced during Reagan’s administration, including the Superfund program to clean up hazardous waste sites, creation of wilderness areas and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for its depletion, an effort that has been largely successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the anti-regulatory sentiment established during Reagan’s presidency took root. Efforts to strengthen the nation’s environmental protection laws grew increasingly partisan, a trend that continues today. The stream of regulatory measures approved by Nixon four decades ago would have scant chance of passing today’s Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his populist presidential campaign, President Trump repeatedly took aim at environmental regulations, promising to roll them back and attacking them as elitist, job-killing measures that showed just how out of touch politicians were with the true concerns of ordinary Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Benefit of tangible problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the first Earth Day had a key advantage: They were tackling visible, tangible problems impacting people’s daily lives. Rivers and lakes were too polluted for kids to swim in; parks were strewn with trash; people were getting sick from foul air. The evidence was indisputable, and it made it a whole lot easier to draw clear connections between quality of life and the urgent need for strong environmental protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, many of today’s major environmental dangers, like climate change, which threaten to be even more catastrophic, remain pretty abstract to many Americans. Unless you’ve been a victim of some disaster directly related to climate change — say, your house has been destroyed because of wildfires or sea-level rise — it’s harder to connect the dots. And that makes it far more challenging to convey the sense of urgency necessary to mobilize the masses and pressure lawmakers to act. The abundance of scientific evidence showing that burning fossil fuels is the key driver of climate change, and the persistent warnings by scientists and activists of impending disaster if we continue along this course, have clearly not proven effective enough to push the kind of sweeping environmental policies enacted in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States, one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, refused to join the Kyoto Protocol, a 2005 international treaty approved by 180 nations requiring rapid cuts in emissions, and in 2010, Congress failed to pass comprehensive national climate change legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. did, however, under the Obama administration, sign on to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/world/europe/climate-change-accord-paris.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">landmark international climate accord in Paris in 2015\u003c/a>, in which it committed to dramatically reducing its carbon emissions over the next decade. And although President Trump succeeded in briefly \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/04/trump-makes-it-official-us-will-withdraw-paris-climate-accord/\">withdrawing\u003c/a> from the agreement, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change\">officially rejoined it\u003c/a> in February under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963014373/how-fast-will-biden-need-to-move-on-climate-really-really-fast\">has consistently pledged\u003c/a> to make climate change one of its top priorities. And on this Earth Day, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/22/988051091/biden-makes-new-pledge-for-u-s-greenhouse-gas-emissions-a-50-cut\">opened a global summit\u003c/a> on climate change by announcing that the U.S. would aim to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in half — from 2005 levels — by the end of the decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that portends fierce political battles ahead, and it’s very much unclear if the will exists among federal and state lawmakers to take meaningful action to meet that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the ominous question: What degree of disaster is necessary to spur a new era of sweeping environmental change in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Which president made the following statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they, more than we, will wreak the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, on the 54nd anniversary of Earth Day, our planet needs all the love it can get. From the increasingly severe impacts of climate change to rapid deforestation and species extinction, there is broad scientific consensus that we’re up against a mounting number of potentially catastrophic challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The evidence notwithstanding, many of America’s strongest environmental protections have long been under attack, and took a particularly harsh beating over the past four years of the Trump administration, when efforts to dismantle regulations went into extreme overdrive — much of which President Biden is now trying to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what it’s worth, though, the environmental outlook in the late 1960s wasn’t too rosy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of largely unregulated industrial and economic growth in the wake of World War II, the U.S. had managed to majorly muck up its air and water resources. Toxic effluent from factories frequently spilled into streams and rivers. Open spaces were used as dumping grounds. DDT and other synthetic chemicals contaminated natural habitats and water supplies. And air pollution from factories and belching cars left many industrial areas shrouded in thick blankets of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handful of the environmental catastrophes that happened within less than three years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>November 1966\u003c/strong>: In New York City, 168 people die of respiratory-related illnesses over a three-day period due primarily to horrendously poor air quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 1967\u003c/strong>: Interior Department Secretary Stewart L. Udall announces the first official list of endangered wildlife species. Among the 78 species is the bald eagle, America’s national bird.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>January 1969\u003c/strong>: A blowout at an offshore oil rig near Santa Barbara caused as much as \u003ca href=\"http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/45-years-after-santa-barbara-oil-spill-looking-historic-disaster-through-technology.html\">4.2 million gallons of crude oil to spill\u003c/a> into the Santa Barbara Channel and onto nearby beaches. It lasts for 10 straight days, becoming (at that point) the largest oil spill in American history. Today, it ranks only third, overtaken by the 1989 Exxon Valdez and 2010 Deepwater Horizon spills).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>June 1969\u003c/strong>: A particularly fetid industrial stretch of the Cuyahoga River running through Cleveland bursts into flames (seriously) when oil-soaked debris in the water is ignited by sparks from a passing train.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nlHiaZFvcXA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nlHiaZFvcXA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>A movement begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As urban unrest and the anti-war movement ignited across the nation, environmental activism had yet to gain a strong foothold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the people really understood that in the lifetime of their children, they’re going to have destroyed the quality of the air and the water all over the world and perhaps made the globe unlivable in a half century, they’d do something about it. But this is not well understood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from Sen. Gaylord Nelson, a Democrat from Wisconsin, who spearheaded a national day of awareness in the aftermath of these environmental disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could tap into the environmental concerns of the general public and infuse the student anti-war energy into the environmental cause, we could generate a demonstration that would force the issue onto the national political agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 1969, Nelson formed a bipartisan congressional steering committee and enlisted Denis Hayes, a 25-year-old Harvard Law School dropout, to coordinate the initiative. Influenced by anti-war campus activism, Hayes sought to organize environmental teach-ins throughout the country to occur simultaneously on April 22, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited budget and no email or internet access, Hayes and a small group of organizers mailed out thousands of appeals, recruiting an army of young volunteers to organize local events in communities and campuses across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 30, 1969, the New York Times reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising concern about the ‘environmental crisis’ is sweeping the nation’s campuses with an intensity that may be on its way to eclipsing student discontent over the war in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The big launch\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Interviewed in the recent PBS documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/earthdays/player/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth Days\u003c/a>,” Hayes recalled the sentiment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lord knows what we thought we were doing. It was wild and exciting and out of control and the sort of thing that lets you know you’ve really got something big happening … What we were trying to do was create a brand-new public consciousness that would cause the rules of the game to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, an estimated 20 million people participated in that first Earth Day, a name coined by advertising guru \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/22/401540530/julian-koenig-well-known-adman-named-earth-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Koenig\u003c/a> (father of Sarah Koenig of “Serial” podcast fame).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/earthday.pdf\">Read the New York Times article from April 22, 1970.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/WbwC281uzUs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“It was a huge high adrenaline effort that in the end genuinely changed things,” Hayes said. “Before [that], there were people that opposed freeways, people that opposed clear-cutting, or people worried about pesticides, [but] they didn’t think of themselves as having anything in common. After Earth Day they were all part of an environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes’ assertions were affirmed by several national polls showing a rapid rise in the public’s concern about air and water resources. In the \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaw_LEGXnLgC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=gallup+poll+1970+air+and+water&source=bl&ots=2VWCAqHwG0&sig=cHedWfHfSGwQged_dPXyHtrbjSg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GEs1VfCRCJe3ogS7yoHIAQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gallup%20poll%201970%20air%20and%20water&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup Opinion Index\u003c/a>, the percentage of respondents who considered air and water pollution a top national problem rose from 17% in 1969 to 53% by 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth Day the following year, an independent group launched an anti-litter public service announcement, known as the “Crying Indian,” which featured a white actor in a headdress, rowing a birch bark canoe and shedding a tear when he sees garbage strewn everywhere. Despite the ad’s culturally questionable premise, it proved enormously popular and is still considered one of the most successful public service announcements in history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9Dmtkxm9yQY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9Dmtkxm9yQY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>Unexpected alliances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first question of the quiz. The group most supportive of the first Earth Day organizing effort — financially and otherwise — was none other than the United Auto Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1888 alignright\" style=\"border: 0px none;\" title=\"UAW\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/UAW-300x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>A labor union not generally thought of for championing environmental causes, the UAW donated funds for the event and turned out volunteers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UAW President Walter Reuther pledged his union’s full support for Earth Day and for subsequent air quality legislation that the auto industry staunchly opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What good is a dollar an hour more in wages if your neighborhood is burning down?” he said. “What good is another week’s vacation if the lake you used to go to is polluted and you can’t swim in it and the kids can’t play in it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensing a political shift, General Motors president Edward Cole soon thereafter promised “pollution-free” cars by 1980. (That didn’t pan out so well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Golden era of environmental regulation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember the mystery quote?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was said by President Richard Nixon during his 1970 State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that Nixon, the conservative Republican most commonly remembered for prolonging America’s involvement in Vietnam and resigning in disgrace over the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nixon also oversaw the most sweeping environmental regulations in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the first Earth Day, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://ceq.hss.doe.gov/\">National Environmental Policy Act\u003c/a>, which among other things, required environmental impact statements for major new building projects and developments. Nixon signed it into law on Jan. 1, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalism had never been one of Nixon’s major political priorities, but his administration — like the UAW — recognized the shifting political tide, as public outcry and media attention to environmental issues increased. It also didn’t hurt that at the time both the House and Senate were controlled by Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Within months, Nixon approved the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency \u003c/a>(EPA) and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003c/a>(NOAA). Later that year, he signed an extension of the Clean Air Act, requiring the newly formed EPA to create and enforce air regulations, which among other things led to the installation of catalytic converters on all cars sold in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1972, Nixon signed the Clean Water Act, Pesticide Control Act (which banned DDT) and Marine Mammal Protection Act. A year later, he also signed the Endangered Species Act and the Safe Water Drinking Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these bills were approved with bipartisan support in Congress, in some instances nearly unanimously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech in 1972, Nixon said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking these actions not in some distant future, but now, because we know that it is now or never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental conditions in the United States began to slowly improve. Which is not to say there wasn’t strong political opposition and major lingering problems, But for a time — stretching through the Ford and Carter administrations — the pursuit of environmentalism maintained a strong bipartisan support. In the last year of his presidency, Carter even installed solar panels on the roof of the White House to promote renewable energy initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>End of the green honeymoon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown in the late 1970s swept in a tide of political change. In 1981, a year into his first term as president, Ronald Reagan appointed two aggressive defenders of industry to head the EPA and the Department of the Interior. As part of the “Reagan Revolution,” the administration moved rapidly to slash federal budgets, cutting the EPA’s funding by nearly half. Environmental enforcement was weakened considerably, as large swaths of public land were opened up for mining, drilling, grazing and other private uses. In a famous symbolic act, the solar panels on the White House roof were dismantled during his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, a number of significant environmental policies were advanced during Reagan’s administration, including the Superfund program to clean up hazardous waste sites, creation of wilderness areas and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for its depletion, an effort that has been largely successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the anti-regulatory sentiment established during Reagan’s presidency took root. Efforts to strengthen the nation’s environmental protection laws grew increasingly partisan, a trend that continues today. The stream of regulatory measures approved by Nixon four decades ago would have scant chance of passing today’s Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his populist presidential campaign, President Trump repeatedly took aim at environmental regulations, promising to roll them back and attacking them as elitist, job-killing measures that showed just how out of touch politicians were with the true concerns of ordinary Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Benefit of tangible problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the first Earth Day had a key advantage: They were tackling visible, tangible problems impacting people’s daily lives. Rivers and lakes were too polluted for kids to swim in; parks were strewn with trash; people were getting sick from foul air. The evidence was indisputable, and it made it a whole lot easier to draw clear connections between quality of life and the urgent need for strong environmental protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, many of today’s major environmental dangers, like climate change, which threaten to be even more catastrophic, remain pretty abstract to many Americans. Unless you’ve been a victim of some disaster directly related to climate change — say, your house has been destroyed because of wildfires or sea-level rise — it’s harder to connect the dots. And that makes it far more challenging to convey the sense of urgency necessary to mobilize the masses and pressure lawmakers to act. The abundance of scientific evidence showing that burning fossil fuels is the key driver of climate change, and the persistent warnings by scientists and activists of impending disaster if we continue along this course, have clearly not proven effective enough to push the kind of sweeping environmental policies enacted in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States, one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, refused to join the Kyoto Protocol, a 2005 international treaty approved by 180 nations requiring rapid cuts in emissions, and in 2010, Congress failed to pass comprehensive national climate change legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. did, however, under the Obama administration, sign on to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/world/europe/climate-change-accord-paris.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">landmark international climate accord in Paris in 2015\u003c/a>, in which it committed to dramatically reducing its carbon emissions over the next decade. And although President Trump succeeded in briefly \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/04/trump-makes-it-official-us-will-withdraw-paris-climate-accord/\">withdrawing\u003c/a> from the agreement, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change\">officially rejoined it\u003c/a> in February under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963014373/how-fast-will-biden-need-to-move-on-climate-really-really-fast\">has consistently pledged\u003c/a> to make climate change one of its top priorities. And on this Earth Day, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/22/988051091/biden-makes-new-pledge-for-u-s-greenhouse-gas-emissions-a-50-cut\">opened a global summit\u003c/a> on climate change by announcing that the U.S. would aim to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in half — from 2005 levels — by the end of the decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that portends fierce political battles ahead, and it’s very much unclear if the will exists among federal and state lawmakers to take meaningful action to meet that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which begs the ominous question: What degree of disaster is necessary to spur a new era of sweeping environmental change in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s salmon are still in decline — so much so that fishery managers may cancel the state’s salmon season for the second straight year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers, environmental groups and tribes have identified one part of the problem: toxic dust that comes from our tires. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3045338206&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong> I’m Alan Monticello in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. And welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. California’s salmon are still in big trouble. So much so that fishery managers might cancel salmon season for the second straight year. That would have a big impact on the fishers and tribes who rely on salmon for their livelihoods. Now, salmon are dying in large part because of how we manage our water system. But lawmakers and advocates have also identified another issue. A toxic chemical that’s used in our everyday life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think that was like a moment that flabbergasted me that like, my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>My colleague Ezra David Romero introduces us to one fisher who’s worried about this salmon season and tells us about an effort to do something about this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Dick Ogg is the salmon fisherman who lives in bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>My name is Dick Ogg. I own and operate the fishing vessel Karine Jean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s 71, and he’s been fishing there for something like 51 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m very passionate about maintaining and supporting the commercial and fishing industry in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s sort of that, like, grandpa type of person who’s funny and who’s going to put you in your place and has a lot of information. And he knows salmon really well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m 71 now, so, you know, I mean, I’ve been doing this for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He has this like almost spiritual view of the fish that they’re the strong intellectual creature, you know, that like, makes these long journeys from the deep oceans up through watersheds or rivers and lay their eggs up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>And all the fish that I can think of this salmon is probably has one of the greatest spirits of them all. I mean, when they come up, they can take a look and bend it straight so that they can get away. And if you try to do that with your own fingers, you couldn’t do it. You just couldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And when I asked him about, like, if these fish are getting away or there’s not enough, he’s like, I think that’s actually okay. Like the more fish that can go up the river and spawn, the better. He kind of like honors the life cycle of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What if the past few salmon season’s been like for him, including this one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The past couple of years have been really tough for Dick, because last year they canceled the salmon season altogether, and their fishery managers are warning they might do that again this year because there’s just so few salmon in the ocean off the California coast, and that number has been decreasing over time. And he said the last really great year he had was back in 2011. So he hasn’t had many good years since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I think you need to be patient right now. It’s difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>How will a lack of salmon affect him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think it’s a bummer for him in two ways. First of all, you know, his livelihood depends partly on salmon. He does fish other things. But if the salmon go away and people love the salmon and serve, you know, it’s a high dollar fish. You know, that part of his livelihood, it’s essentially gone. Yes, I figure something else out. And second of all, I think just spiritually like the fish are something that he has this connection with over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I don’t know anyone in on the commercial in that at this point wants to go try to to fish for the minimal potential that we were offering. They would much rather the week and have a reasonable season, maybe next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So Ezra, we are talking about this now because California might cancel its salmon season again. What are the chances that could happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It seems like they’re pretty high. I mean, we won’t know for like a month or two if that actually goes down. But all the Fisher people I talked to for this story are saying this is what they’re hearing is going to happen, so they’re preparing for that. The perils against salmon are many. They’re dying because we’ve cut off the waterways or rivers or streams from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>We put dams up and reservoirs that collect all of this water that cut them off from their spawning habitats that are often way up streams, right, like up a creek in an area with a small amount of water. We also have droughts that decrease water flows in the rivers that also warm up water when we have all these hot days. And that’s a an effect of human caused climate change, which is as a result of warming water as well. There’s also overfishing. There’s also people’s love for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So we’re eating a lot more salmon than ever. So all of those things combined create a dire scenario for the salmon that Dick Ogg: loves. On top of all those factors like droughts and reservoirs, there’s something that everybody uses that’s affecting these fish. It’s a chemical in tires called 6PPD. Environmentalists are worried about it. Lawmakers are worried about it. Tribes are worried about it. And even the tire manufacturing industry is thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So let’s get into this chemical, which I had not heard of before. This story is called 6PPD. What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s this chemical that tire manufacturers put in the slurry that makes tires. It basically preserves them so they don’t wear out as fast. And it’s in every tire. As you drive your car around town or anywhere. Little pieces of your tire break off, right? They wear out. And in those pieces of tire that chemical exists, those little pieces that are on the roads. So we have these really big storms or really any storm in California which we know are intensifying because of human caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Those chemicals get into water, and then they flow out to the ocean, or they flow out into a river or stream. And when dissolved in that water, fish breathe that in. And then it kills them within two hours. The idea is that it thickens their blood. And fish have this brain barrier that separates their blood from their brain. But this chemical. Where’s that out? And blood floods their brain, essentially, like frying their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do we know about how big of a problem 6PPD is for salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s harder to estimate, like exactly how many fish have died in California. But when we look at studies from Washington, where they’ve studied this extensively. In some of these creeks and rivers, they found that just in one waterway, up to 90% of salmon died from this. And so it can have like a huge effect. Another study showed that even if the contaminant 6PPD is diluted by like 95% of water, right, it can still kill fish. They also found this chemical in San Francisco waterways and also in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Coming up. What federal and state authorities are trying to do about six PPD. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Are there efforts to ban this? Since so many people are concerned about its effects on fish and the environment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Yeah. Last summer, tribes from across the West Coast primarily petitioned the US EPA to, you know, have tire manufacturers stop using this chemical. And that sort of resulted in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. That’s the agency that regulates, you know, hazardous substances across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>They required the tire industry to provide them a list of alternatives. And that was due, I believe, last Friday on the 30th of March. And now that agency has about two months to think about. Is there an alternative for using this in tires that maybe won’t harm other fish or kill these fish as well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do tire manufacturers think of this idea? If you know, the government is saying, hey, we might ban a chemical that you use to make your products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I’m sure at first they weren’t really excited that they’re going to have to change their ingredient list. It’s something that’s been on market for like 50 plus years. But when I talk to the tire industry, you know, they seem very compliant, like they want they’re going to work on this and they’re seeing the effects happening. The fish seems like they’re willing to change their ingredient list, but time will tell. And to even change that would take years, maybe decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Right. Because even if this chemical were banned tomorrow, there are all these tires out there with this chemical already. So what else is being done to reduce the potential harm now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Well, this assemblymember from San Mateo named Dianne Patterson, introduced a bill in March to do something about this. Her idea is to rid these waterways of six PPD, and how she wants to do this is by requiring Caltrans. That’s the state’s leading transportation agency, to create five pilot projects in different ecosystems across the state, three of which are in the Bay area in San Mateo County, Sonoma and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And what they want to do is go to five areas where a highway, say, goes over a river or creek, and they want to put in these culverts, you know, which are just little canals, and then put all that water and say, like a big holding pond. And the idea is that plants and soil will clean the water of this chemical, and after the water is treated, it can go flow into the river and not kill fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Could this effort be expanded beyond these five pilot projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. The lawmaker also is asking Caltrans to create a map of areas where salmon are in the most at risk. As part of this. So they’ll do these five projects and then they’ll get an idea of like, where else can we do this across the state to target the most at risk populations of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So we have these kind of two ideas in tandem, right. You could ban six PPD from being used in tires, which would take a very long time. And then you also have this creative kind of green infrastructure type solution. What’s the ideal scenario here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think the idea is plainly to like have salmon not die because of this chemical. Right? So that means in the near term, treating the water and in the long term banning the 6PPD use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>I mean, based on what you’re saying. Is it fair to say there is hope to get rid of this dangerous chemical that poses such a threat to our salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All the evidence and interviews I did point to that, that this chemical could be removed. Tribes alerted the federal government, and now tire manufacturers are paying attention to it and are responsible to the state of California to do something about this. So I think there is positive momentum, but at the same time, I think it’s a really big feat. There are millions of cars on California roads, like I have a car. I don’t really want to put new tires on, I just did. But like if the tires are killing all these fish, maybe we should. So I think there’s a really big feet ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What did you learn in this story that you didn’t know before about the challenges facing Sam in our climate and our water systems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I quite simply didn’t know that this chemical was killing fish from my Prius tires. I drive in the mountains all the time. I go to Sonoma, I like go hiking, and I park next to creeks all the time in the tire dust from my car is killing, potentially killing the fish in that. I think that was the moment that flabbergasted me that my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories that are about how our water infrastructure is set up or like how we’ve built our waterways in California, or like what water managers are doing to like, decrease water flows. This is about something that we all do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>And it also seems like, at least in this case, there could be a clear path forward to reducing or even eliminating this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Definitely. Perhaps a solution is nigh or coming up close. There’s positive momentum here, and you don’t often hear that with salmon stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Ezra, thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>That was Ezra David Romero, a climate reporter for KQED. This conversation was cut down by Ellie Prickett-Morgan. Dana Cronin scored this episode and added the tape. Additional production support from myself and Maria Esquinca. Music courtesy of Audio Network and Universal Production Music. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Alan Montecillo in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. What’s your favorite Beyonce album?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think Renaissance, my favorite Beyoncé song is Freakum Dress. It’s a good one. Everyone forgets about it, but, you know, we all have that dress or outfit that you wear to the club.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s salmon are still in decline — so much so that fishery managers may cancel the state’s salmon season for the second straight year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers, environmental groups and tribes have identified one part of the problem: toxic dust that comes from our tires. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3045338206&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong> I’m Alan Monticello in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. And welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. California’s salmon are still in big trouble. So much so that fishery managers might cancel salmon season for the second straight year. That would have a big impact on the fishers and tribes who rely on salmon for their livelihoods. Now, salmon are dying in large part because of how we manage our water system. But lawmakers and advocates have also identified another issue. A toxic chemical that’s used in our everyday life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think that was like a moment that flabbergasted me that like, my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>My colleague Ezra David Romero introduces us to one fisher who’s worried about this salmon season and tells us about an effort to do something about this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Dick Ogg is the salmon fisherman who lives in bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>My name is Dick Ogg. I own and operate the fishing vessel Karine Jean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s 71, and he’s been fishing there for something like 51 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m very passionate about maintaining and supporting the commercial and fishing industry in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s sort of that, like, grandpa type of person who’s funny and who’s going to put you in your place and has a lot of information. And he knows salmon really well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m 71 now, so, you know, I mean, I’ve been doing this for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He has this like almost spiritual view of the fish that they’re the strong intellectual creature, you know, that like, makes these long journeys from the deep oceans up through watersheds or rivers and lay their eggs up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>And all the fish that I can think of this salmon is probably has one of the greatest spirits of them all. I mean, when they come up, they can take a look and bend it straight so that they can get away. And if you try to do that with your own fingers, you couldn’t do it. You just couldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And when I asked him about, like, if these fish are getting away or there’s not enough, he’s like, I think that’s actually okay. Like the more fish that can go up the river and spawn, the better. He kind of like honors the life cycle of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What if the past few salmon season’s been like for him, including this one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The past couple of years have been really tough for Dick, because last year they canceled the salmon season altogether, and their fishery managers are warning they might do that again this year because there’s just so few salmon in the ocean off the California coast, and that number has been decreasing over time. And he said the last really great year he had was back in 2011. So he hasn’t had many good years since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I think you need to be patient right now. It’s difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>How will a lack of salmon affect him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think it’s a bummer for him in two ways. First of all, you know, his livelihood depends partly on salmon. He does fish other things. But if the salmon go away and people love the salmon and serve, you know, it’s a high dollar fish. You know, that part of his livelihood, it’s essentially gone. Yes, I figure something else out. And second of all, I think just spiritually like the fish are something that he has this connection with over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I don’t know anyone in on the commercial in that at this point wants to go try to to fish for the minimal potential that we were offering. They would much rather the week and have a reasonable season, maybe next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So Ezra, we are talking about this now because California might cancel its salmon season again. What are the chances that could happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It seems like they’re pretty high. I mean, we won’t know for like a month or two if that actually goes down. But all the Fisher people I talked to for this story are saying this is what they’re hearing is going to happen, so they’re preparing for that. The perils against salmon are many. They’re dying because we’ve cut off the waterways or rivers or streams from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>We put dams up and reservoirs that collect all of this water that cut them off from their spawning habitats that are often way up streams, right, like up a creek in an area with a small amount of water. We also have droughts that decrease water flows in the rivers that also warm up water when we have all these hot days. And that’s a an effect of human caused climate change, which is as a result of warming water as well. There’s also overfishing. There’s also people’s love for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So we’re eating a lot more salmon than ever. So all of those things combined create a dire scenario for the salmon that Dick Ogg: loves. On top of all those factors like droughts and reservoirs, there’s something that everybody uses that’s affecting these fish. It’s a chemical in tires called 6PPD. Environmentalists are worried about it. Lawmakers are worried about it. Tribes are worried about it. And even the tire manufacturing industry is thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So let’s get into this chemical, which I had not heard of before. This story is called 6PPD. What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s this chemical that tire manufacturers put in the slurry that makes tires. It basically preserves them so they don’t wear out as fast. And it’s in every tire. As you drive your car around town or anywhere. Little pieces of your tire break off, right? They wear out. And in those pieces of tire that chemical exists, those little pieces that are on the roads. So we have these really big storms or really any storm in California which we know are intensifying because of human caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Those chemicals get into water, and then they flow out to the ocean, or they flow out into a river or stream. And when dissolved in that water, fish breathe that in. And then it kills them within two hours. The idea is that it thickens their blood. And fish have this brain barrier that separates their blood from their brain. But this chemical. Where’s that out? And blood floods their brain, essentially, like frying their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do we know about how big of a problem 6PPD is for salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s harder to estimate, like exactly how many fish have died in California. But when we look at studies from Washington, where they’ve studied this extensively. In some of these creeks and rivers, they found that just in one waterway, up to 90% of salmon died from this. And so it can have like a huge effect. Another study showed that even if the contaminant 6PPD is diluted by like 95% of water, right, it can still kill fish. They also found this chemical in San Francisco waterways and also in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Coming up. What federal and state authorities are trying to do about six PPD. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Are there efforts to ban this? Since so many people are concerned about its effects on fish and the environment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Yeah. Last summer, tribes from across the West Coast primarily petitioned the US EPA to, you know, have tire manufacturers stop using this chemical. And that sort of resulted in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. That’s the agency that regulates, you know, hazardous substances across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>They required the tire industry to provide them a list of alternatives. And that was due, I believe, last Friday on the 30th of March. And now that agency has about two months to think about. Is there an alternative for using this in tires that maybe won’t harm other fish or kill these fish as well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do tire manufacturers think of this idea? If you know, the government is saying, hey, we might ban a chemical that you use to make your products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I’m sure at first they weren’t really excited that they’re going to have to change their ingredient list. It’s something that’s been on market for like 50 plus years. But when I talk to the tire industry, you know, they seem very compliant, like they want they’re going to work on this and they’re seeing the effects happening. The fish seems like they’re willing to change their ingredient list, but time will tell. And to even change that would take years, maybe decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Right. Because even if this chemical were banned tomorrow, there are all these tires out there with this chemical already. So what else is being done to reduce the potential harm now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Well, this assemblymember from San Mateo named Dianne Patterson, introduced a bill in March to do something about this. Her idea is to rid these waterways of six PPD, and how she wants to do this is by requiring Caltrans. That’s the state’s leading transportation agency, to create five pilot projects in different ecosystems across the state, three of which are in the Bay area in San Mateo County, Sonoma and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And what they want to do is go to five areas where a highway, say, goes over a river or creek, and they want to put in these culverts, you know, which are just little canals, and then put all that water and say, like a big holding pond. And the idea is that plants and soil will clean the water of this chemical, and after the water is treated, it can go flow into the river and not kill fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Could this effort be expanded beyond these five pilot projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. The lawmaker also is asking Caltrans to create a map of areas where salmon are in the most at risk. As part of this. So they’ll do these five projects and then they’ll get an idea of like, where else can we do this across the state to target the most at risk populations of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So we have these kind of two ideas in tandem, right. You could ban six PPD from being used in tires, which would take a very long time. And then you also have this creative kind of green infrastructure type solution. What’s the ideal scenario here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think the idea is plainly to like have salmon not die because of this chemical. Right? So that means in the near term, treating the water and in the long term banning the 6PPD use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>I mean, based on what you’re saying. Is it fair to say there is hope to get rid of this dangerous chemical that poses such a threat to our salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All the evidence and interviews I did point to that, that this chemical could be removed. Tribes alerted the federal government, and now tire manufacturers are paying attention to it and are responsible to the state of California to do something about this. So I think there is positive momentum, but at the same time, I think it’s a really big feat. There are millions of cars on California roads, like I have a car. I don’t really want to put new tires on, I just did. But like if the tires are killing all these fish, maybe we should. So I think there’s a really big feet ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What did you learn in this story that you didn’t know before about the challenges facing Sam in our climate and our water systems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I quite simply didn’t know that this chemical was killing fish from my Prius tires. I drive in the mountains all the time. I go to Sonoma, I like go hiking, and I park next to creeks all the time in the tire dust from my car is killing, potentially killing the fish in that. I think that was the moment that flabbergasted me that my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories that are about how our water infrastructure is set up or like how we’ve built our waterways in California, or like what water managers are doing to like, decrease water flows. This is about something that we all do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>And it also seems like, at least in this case, there could be a clear path forward to reducing or even eliminating this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Definitely. Perhaps a solution is nigh or coming up close. There’s positive momentum here, and you don’t often hear that with salmon stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Ezra, thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>That was Ezra David Romero, a climate reporter for KQED. This conversation was cut down by Ellie Prickett-Morgan. Dana Cronin scored this episode and added the tape. Additional production support from myself and Maria Esquinca. Music courtesy of Audio Network and Universal Production Music. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Alan Montecillo in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. What’s your favorite Beyonce album?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think Renaissance, my favorite Beyoncé song is Freakum Dress. It’s a good one. Everyone forgets about it, but, you know, we all have that dress or outfit that you wear to the club.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"title": "California Insurance Market 'In Chaos' Says Former State Commissioner, Amid Rising Premiums and Canceled Policies",
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"content": "\u003cp>With more California homeowners just discovering their insurance policies are getting canceled — and hundreds of thousands of others stuck with a pricey option of last resort — state Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara’s efforts to fix the home insurance market can’t come quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara has introduced two main regulations, with more to come. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release007-2024.cfm\">first\u003c/a>, unveiled last month, aims to streamline rate reviews. State law allows the Insurance Department to approve or deny insurers’ requests to raise premiums. Insurance companies complain the process has been holding up the increases they seek due to increased costs due to rising climate-change risks and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release011-2024.cfm\">second regulation\u003c/a> will let insurers use catastrophe modeling — which combines historical data with projected risk and losses — along with other factors when setting their premiums. California is the last state to allow for catastrophe modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re undertaking the state’s largest insurance reform,” Lara said during a press conference earlier this month. “We can no longer look solely to the past to guide us to the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said catastrophe modeling will lead to “more reliable rates,” “greater insurance availability” and “safer communities,” because he said it would further encourage and reward wildfire mitigation by homeowners and communities. Insurance Department spokesperson Michael Soller said success would mean fewer homeowners needing to turn to the FAIR Plan, the state-mandated insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance trade groups, which stand to benefit most from the new regulations, agree with Lara’s support for catastrophe modeling and support his so-called sustainable insurance strategy. So do fire chiefs, to an extent. But almost everyone else — homeowners, consumer groups and former insurance commissioners — has lingering concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"U.S. Rep. John Garamendi (D-Calif.)\"]‘One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information. (Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/john-garamendi/G000559\">U.S. Rep. John Garamendi\u003c/a>, a Democrat representing parts of Solano and Contra Costa counties, had two stints as state insurance commissioner in the mid-1990s and early 2000s. He said the insurance market is “in chaos” — and that Lara should be holding public hearings and demanding insurance company executives testify to explain to Californians why their premiums are rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information,” Garamendi said in an interview with CalMatters. “(Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criticism drew a retort from Soller: “Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Winnacker, chief of the East Bay’s Moraga-Orinda Fire District, said the upsides of catastrophe modeling include being able to credit what homeowners, communities and governments do to lessen wildfire risk. That includes being able to account for the numbers and proximity of firefighters in certain areas, Winnacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michael Soller, deputy commissioner for communications, California Department of Insurance\"]‘Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.’[/pullquote]“Depending on where you are in a state, and that’s tied to population density, the number of firefighters available could affect the outcome (of a wildfire),” he said, adding that catastrophe models should reflect that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he and other fire chiefs are working to ensure the interests of consumers, fire professionals, insurers and the state are aligned. Insurers may not know what homeowners, communities and local fire departments are doing to reduce wildfire risk. One idea: a database to share that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no future in which we can price our way out of this crisis with just premiums,” Winnacker said, adding that everyone needs to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Jones, the state insurance commissioner for eight years before Lara took over in 2019, said he is “trying to avoid looking over the shoulder of my successor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now director of the Climate Risk Initiative Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. He said it is good for consumers that the catastrophe-modeling regulation could take forest management into consideration. But he said he’s not sure Lara’s actions will be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara speaks during a press conference with Los Angeles labor leaders and advocates in Commerce, Los Angeles County, on Sept. 26, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the end of the year, Lara is also expected to issue a regulation allowing insurers to factor reinsurance costs into their rates. Reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies in the event of large payouts. That plus the other new regulations may “help in the short to mid term,” giving insurance companies the ability to raise premiums, Jones told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said those actions may “ultimately be overwhelmed by our failure to stop the fossil-fuel industry, which is contributing to rising temperatures” and, therefore, insurance losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also pointed out that Florida has long allowed insurers to use catastrophe modeling and has let them factor in reinsurance costs in their rates — yet its insurance market is in worse shape than California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1985175,news_11968643,news_11962131\"]“Florida has done what insurers are asking for,” Jones said. Yet “Florida’s rates are three or four times the national average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Friedlander, spokesperson for the Insurance Information Institute, an industry group, confirmed that the group estimates that Florida’s average home insurance premium was $6,000, or 3 1/2 times the national average, in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Jones said Florida’s version of California’s last-resort FAIR Plan — called the Citizens Property Insurance Corp. because it’s funded with a surcharge on policyholders — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force\">more than 1 million policies\u003c/a>. California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/01/california-fire-insurance-2/\">growing FAIR Plan\u003c/a>, run by a pool of insurers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article286650045.html\">has 373,000 policies\u003c/a>, its president told state lawmakers recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That raises the question,” Jones said. “Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, last week, State Farm said that it is not renewing policies for 30,000 California homeowners, as well as refusing to cover all commercial apartments by not renewing 42,000 of those policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening despite California approving State Farm’s requests to levy double-digit premium increases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our roles as the insurance regulator is to hold insurance companies accountable for their words and deeds,” said Soller, the Insurance Department spokesperson. “State Farm General’s decision … raises serious questions about its financial situation — questions the company must answer to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm spokesperson Sevag Sarkissian would not comment beyond the statement the company put on its website last week, which read in part: “This decision was not made lightly and only after careful analysis of State Farm General’s financial health, which continues to be impacted by inflation, catastrophe exposure, reinsurance costs, and the limitations of working within decades-old insurance regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarkissian also referred CalMatters to the Personal Insurance Federation of California, which counts State Farm as a member. The industry group’s president, Rex Frazier, said in an email last week that allowing insurers to use catastrophe modeling would help with insurance availability. Yet in its statement, State Farm acknowledged the actions Lara is taking to try to fix the insurance availability and affordability crisis in California, even as it announced its decision not to renew tens of thousands of homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Kaufman, a retiree in June Lake in Mono County, recently received a notice of nonrenewal for her homeowners insurance with Farmers, which she said she and her husband were dreading but expecting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dave Jones, former state insurance commissioner\"]‘That raises the question … Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.’[/pullquote]“I’m not really sure what the state’s trying to do, both at the commissioner and legislative level,” Kaufman said. And losing the ability to renew her policy is affecting her other insurance needs, she said. As her broker helps look for an alternative, her \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/12/california-car-insurance/\">auto premium is now going up \u003c/a>about $300 a year because it will no longer be bundled with home insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the new regulations give insurance companies what they had asked for, one part of Lara’s strategy — which he first \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/09/california-insurance-crisis/\">laid out last year\u003c/a> after an executive order by the governor — is conspicuously missing. Lara had said insurance companies would be required “to commit to writing at least 85% of their statewide market share in wildfire-distressed underserved areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision is nowhere in the text of Lara’s unveiled regulations so far — an omission not lost on consumer groups or former commissioner Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is that 85% ?” asked Carmen Balber, executive director of Consumer Watchdog. Soller, the Insurance Department’s spokesperson, said that part of the commissioner’s strategy is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balber also said she is concerned that the catastrophe-modeling regulation “appears to not comply with the transparency requirements of Prop. 103,” the voter-approved law that regulates the insurance industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the text of the regulation on catastrophe modeling, the public will be able to take part in reviewing catastrophe models before they’re deemed acceptable. However, anyone who helps review the models must sign a nondisclosure agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a big chunk of your insurance rate is behind a ‘black box,’ then that’s not what the voters passed,” when they passed Proposition 103 in 1988, Balber said. “At the end of the day, if the commissioner passes something that hides something behind closed doors, we’ll have to consider challenging it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This story has been revised to identify Rex Frazier as president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With more California homeowners just discovering their insurance policies are getting canceled — and hundreds of thousands of others stuck with a pricey option of last resort — state Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara’s efforts to fix the home insurance market can’t come quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara has introduced two main regulations, with more to come. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release007-2024.cfm\">first\u003c/a>, unveiled last month, aims to streamline rate reviews. State law allows the Insurance Department to approve or deny insurers’ requests to raise premiums. Insurance companies complain the process has been holding up the increases they seek due to increased costs due to rising climate-change risks and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release011-2024.cfm\">second regulation\u003c/a> will let insurers use catastrophe modeling — which combines historical data with projected risk and losses — along with other factors when setting their premiums. California is the last state to allow for catastrophe modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re undertaking the state’s largest insurance reform,” Lara said during a press conference earlier this month. “We can no longer look solely to the past to guide us to the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said catastrophe modeling will lead to “more reliable rates,” “greater insurance availability” and “safer communities,” because he said it would further encourage and reward wildfire mitigation by homeowners and communities. Insurance Department spokesperson Michael Soller said success would mean fewer homeowners needing to turn to the FAIR Plan, the state-mandated insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance trade groups, which stand to benefit most from the new regulations, agree with Lara’s support for catastrophe modeling and support his so-called sustainable insurance strategy. So do fire chiefs, to an extent. But almost everyone else — homeowners, consumer groups and former insurance commissioners — has lingering concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information. (Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/john-garamendi/G000559\">U.S. Rep. John Garamendi\u003c/a>, a Democrat representing parts of Solano and Contra Costa counties, had two stints as state insurance commissioner in the mid-1990s and early 2000s. He said the insurance market is “in chaos” — and that Lara should be holding public hearings and demanding insurance company executives testify to explain to Californians why their premiums are rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information,” Garamendi said in an interview with CalMatters. “(Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criticism drew a retort from Soller: “Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Winnacker, chief of the East Bay’s Moraga-Orinda Fire District, said the upsides of catastrophe modeling include being able to credit what homeowners, communities and governments do to lessen wildfire risk. That includes being able to account for the numbers and proximity of firefighters in certain areas, Winnacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Depending on where you are in a state, and that’s tied to population density, the number of firefighters available could affect the outcome (of a wildfire),” he said, adding that catastrophe models should reflect that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he and other fire chiefs are working to ensure the interests of consumers, fire professionals, insurers and the state are aligned. Insurers may not know what homeowners, communities and local fire departments are doing to reduce wildfire risk. One idea: a database to share that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no future in which we can price our way out of this crisis with just premiums,” Winnacker said, adding that everyone needs to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Jones, the state insurance commissioner for eight years before Lara took over in 2019, said he is “trying to avoid looking over the shoulder of my successor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now director of the Climate Risk Initiative Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. He said it is good for consumers that the catastrophe-modeling regulation could take forest management into consideration. But he said he’s not sure Lara’s actions will be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara speaks during a press conference with Los Angeles labor leaders and advocates in Commerce, Los Angeles County, on Sept. 26, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the end of the year, Lara is also expected to issue a regulation allowing insurers to factor reinsurance costs into their rates. Reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies in the event of large payouts. That plus the other new regulations may “help in the short to mid term,” giving insurance companies the ability to raise premiums, Jones told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said those actions may “ultimately be overwhelmed by our failure to stop the fossil-fuel industry, which is contributing to rising temperatures” and, therefore, insurance losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also pointed out that Florida has long allowed insurers to use catastrophe modeling and has let them factor in reinsurance costs in their rates — yet its insurance market is in worse shape than California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Florida has done what insurers are asking for,” Jones said. Yet “Florida’s rates are three or four times the national average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Friedlander, spokesperson for the Insurance Information Institute, an industry group, confirmed that the group estimates that Florida’s average home insurance premium was $6,000, or 3 1/2 times the national average, in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Jones said Florida’s version of California’s last-resort FAIR Plan — called the Citizens Property Insurance Corp. because it’s funded with a surcharge on policyholders — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force\">more than 1 million policies\u003c/a>. California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/01/california-fire-insurance-2/\">growing FAIR Plan\u003c/a>, run by a pool of insurers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article286650045.html\">has 373,000 policies\u003c/a>, its president told state lawmakers recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That raises the question,” Jones said. “Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, last week, State Farm said that it is not renewing policies for 30,000 California homeowners, as well as refusing to cover all commercial apartments by not renewing 42,000 of those policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening despite California approving State Farm’s requests to levy double-digit premium increases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our roles as the insurance regulator is to hold insurance companies accountable for their words and deeds,” said Soller, the Insurance Department spokesperson. “State Farm General’s decision … raises serious questions about its financial situation — questions the company must answer to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm spokesperson Sevag Sarkissian would not comment beyond the statement the company put on its website last week, which read in part: “This decision was not made lightly and only after careful analysis of State Farm General’s financial health, which continues to be impacted by inflation, catastrophe exposure, reinsurance costs, and the limitations of working within decades-old insurance regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarkissian also referred CalMatters to the Personal Insurance Federation of California, which counts State Farm as a member. The industry group’s president, Rex Frazier, said in an email last week that allowing insurers to use catastrophe modeling would help with insurance availability. Yet in its statement, State Farm acknowledged the actions Lara is taking to try to fix the insurance availability and affordability crisis in California, even as it announced its decision not to renew tens of thousands of homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Kaufman, a retiree in June Lake in Mono County, recently received a notice of nonrenewal for her homeowners insurance with Farmers, which she said she and her husband were dreading but expecting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘That raises the question … Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’m not really sure what the state’s trying to do, both at the commissioner and legislative level,” Kaufman said. And losing the ability to renew her policy is affecting her other insurance needs, she said. As her broker helps look for an alternative, her \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/12/california-car-insurance/\">auto premium is now going up \u003c/a>about $300 a year because it will no longer be bundled with home insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the new regulations give insurance companies what they had asked for, one part of Lara’s strategy — which he first \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/09/california-insurance-crisis/\">laid out last year\u003c/a> after an executive order by the governor — is conspicuously missing. Lara had said insurance companies would be required “to commit to writing at least 85% of their statewide market share in wildfire-distressed underserved areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision is nowhere in the text of Lara’s unveiled regulations so far — an omission not lost on consumer groups or former commissioner Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is that 85% ?” asked Carmen Balber, executive director of Consumer Watchdog. Soller, the Insurance Department’s spokesperson, said that part of the commissioner’s strategy is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balber also said she is concerned that the catastrophe-modeling regulation “appears to not comply with the transparency requirements of Prop. 103,” the voter-approved law that regulates the insurance industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the text of the regulation on catastrophe modeling, the public will be able to take part in reviewing catastrophe models before they’re deemed acceptable. However, anyone who helps review the models must sign a nondisclosure agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a big chunk of your insurance rate is behind a ‘black box,’ then that’s not what the voters passed,” when they passed Proposition 103 in 1988, Balber said. “At the end of the day, if the commissioner passes something that hides something behind closed doors, we’ll have to consider challenging it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This story has been revised to identify Rex Frazier as president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "after-the-fires-a-maui-community-creates-a-land-trust-to-keep-homes-in-local-hands",
"title": "After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several months after Mikey Burke’s house burned down in Lahaina, her husband got a text message out of the blue. It was an offer to buy their property with no inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s gotten a couple of those,” Burke says. “Fighting against speculators and large developers coming in is nothing new for us, but we’ve never had it where it’s been this important to our very being as this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke and her family are among hundreds in Lahaina who are navigating the long and arduous process of rebuilding. More than seven months after the wildfire that took 101 lives, hundreds of properties are still covered in piles of debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire survivors have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1231191740/maui-fire-survivors-struggle-to-find-long-term-housing-half-a-year-after-the-bla\">moved into rental properties outside Lahaina\u003c/a>. Others are finding new jobs or schools elsewhere on Maui or in the continental U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1195387894/lahaina-residents-worry-developers-will-scoop-up-land-after-the-recent-wildfires#:~:text=Transcript-,NPR's%20Leila%20Fadel%20talks%20to%20Tiare%20Lawrence%2C%20who%20belongs%20to,land%20after%20the%20recent%20wildfires.\">Many Lahaina residents worry\u003c/a> that developers will buy up properties as they become available, changing the makeup of a community that was once the historic capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have enough of that happening, the village we grew up in is not going to be the village that we want to raise our kids in,” Burke says. “This community is so important to who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979614\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Maui is a center of the tourism industry, raising concerns in the community that developers will buy properties destroyed in the fire as they come up for sale. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, some community members are \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">working on a way to buy properties\u003c/a> so they can remain affordable and available to local residents. It’s a nonprofit community land trust modeled after ones \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/09/1168839399/community-land-trusts-are-providing-a-solution-to-gentrification\">used around the country for affordable housing.\u003c/a> Land trusts purchase properties and then sell or rent the houses. When the homes are for purchase, the trust keeps ownership of the land they’re built on, so the overall sale price is less than comparable homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community land trusts have emerged in a handful of other places recovering from disasters, like \u003ca href=\"https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/community-land-trusts-are-building-disaster-resilient-neighborhoods\">Houston\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/news/2018-08-16/in-post-irma-keys-one-tiny-new-home-is-cause-for-major-celebration\">Florida Keys\u003c/a> after both places were hit by hurricanes. The challenge is mobilizing financial resources in time to purchase properties in the crucial years post-disaster when properties go up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of units destroyed that are housing people affordably always outnumbers the amount that you rebuild,” says Steve Kirk, president of Rural Communities, an affordable housing nonprofit affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.affordablekeys.org/\">Florida Keys Community Land Trust\u003c/a>. “There are individuals and corporations with strike capital that can step into that void and acquire that land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979616\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maui’s striking volcano and scenic beaches are a major draw for tourists. Half of all condo sales on the island are to out-of-state buyers. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Challenges to rebuilding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Life is still in upheaval for Burke and her family. For months after the fire, her family of four kids and four dogs lived in two hotel rooms. Recently, they moved into a longer-term rental north of Lahaina. Her kids go to a Hawaiian language immersion school right next to the burn zone, so all four are doing distance learning by computer from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re still grappling with memories from the day of the fire. As the smoke approached their house, Burke loaded the kids into the car. But the traffic was at a standstill in the rush to evacuate Lahaina. They watched as the flames kept getting closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was telling the kids: if mommy opens the door, you run straight and you run to the ocean,” she says. “I will never forget that feeling because I didn’t know if it was OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their house was destroyed. The burned debris is still awaiting removal, like hundreds of other properties in Lahaina. But Burke’s family is already navigating the rebuilding process. Burke says they received a dollar estimate for what their insurance company will pay them, but they’re not sure if it will be enough to cover the cost of rebuilding with contractors in such high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course in August, everyone was like: yeah, we’re going to rebuild,” Burke says. “But now, we’re looking at the actual money we have to rebuild and have to make a decision. Do we rebuild? What can we even rebuild? Or do we sell?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s heard from others from Lahaina going through the same struggle. Some who are older may not be up for the long rebuilding process. Some are underinsured and won’t have enough to rebuild what they had. Burke says she’s determined to stay, but concern is high that the community she grew up in will be forever altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979617\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over 7 months after the fire, most properties that were burned in Lahaina are still covered with debris. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Selling in, instead of selling out’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping the community together was on Burke’s mind when she ran into two people working on a potential way to help: Carolyn Auweloa and Autumn Ness. Having worked on housing policy, Ness and Auweloa were aware of the community land trust model and decided to start one for Lahaina. The goal of land trusts is to keep housing affordable in the long term since the buyer agrees to sell the home at a restricted price whenever they choose to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Autumn Ness, who has worked on housing and local food policy on Maui, says the land trust would be led by the Lahaina community as it re-envisions its future. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cltweb.org/clt-directory/\">Dozens of community land trusts\u003c/a> have been established around the country to boost the affordable housing supply. As climate-driven disasters have taken a bigger and bigger toll, land trusts are getting new attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ness says the wildfires only increased the already-existing pressure on Maui’s housing market. With its stunning ocean views and rich history, Lahaina was a tourism hotspot. Short-term rentals, driven by Airbnb and VRBO, \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">made up 40% of the total housing supply (PDF)\u003c/a> in Lahaina’s zip code. And in Maui County more broadly, half of all condominium sales \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">are to out-of-state buyers (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable,” Ness says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">Lahaina Community Land Trust\u003c/a>, as they’ve named it, is still in the early stages and is starting to raise money through donations. Ness says it could do more than just build housing. They could buy some properties that are of cultural value to Native Hawaiians and preserve them for the community. They could buy other properties at risk of being flooded by sea level rise and not build on them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Autumn Ness\"]‘We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable.’[/pullquote]“People talk about the land trust as a way to sell in, instead of selling out,” Ness says. “If you have to sell — not your fault, no judgment. How can we make sure you have what you need and the land stays in the highest and best interest of the community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke decided to join the effort to develop the land trust, which she says will hopefully lessen the pain for neighbors who choose to leave Lahaina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we can’t save every parcel that’s gonna come up to be sold,” Burke says. “But if we’re an option on somebody’s table so if they have to walk away, they can do it in good conscience, that’s all we’re there for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Land trusts are growing after disasters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When hurricanes, floods and wildfires destroy housing, the ensuing upheaval can permanently shift the makeup of a community. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which hit New Orleans in 2005, \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Graif_Popul_Environ_2016.pdf\">a third of displaced residents (PDF)\u003c/a> still had not returned after three years, and lower-income residents were the most vulnerable to being displaced. Neighborhoods damaged by flooding \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042098018800445?journalCode=usja\">were also more likely to experience gentrification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma hit the Florida Keys in 2017, the Florida Keys Community Land Trust was established. Like in Lahaina, land values are high there, driven by tourism and restrictions on development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vacation rentals command so much money that even in the absence of any storm, we are losing service worker housing on a month-to-month basis,” says Kirk, who works on the land trust as well as affordable housing around Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979619\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community land trusts are used widely around the US, but have only recently started in communities hit by disasters like wildfires and hurricanes. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trust built 31 affordable units on property that went up for sale after the hurricane. It began with a private donation, but the trust eventually secured a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/cdbg-dr\">federal grant earmarked for disaster recovery\u003c/a>. Kirk says securing funding quickly is key since many properties are put up for sale within just a few years of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public funding is really a necessity in order to preserve land in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly in an affluent location,” Kirk says. “Because in the absence of that, market conditions will cause speculators and others to step into that land and end up serving a completely different income level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lahaina, Burke says organizers aren’t sure how many properties the land trust might be able to buy, but they hope to start within the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at a place where we can’t come back and still make this a beautiful, vibrant community,” Burke says. “We’re gonna need help and we’re going to continue to need help for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "To ward off speculators and developers, the people of Lahaina have created a nonprofit land trust to keep their community together and rebuild after the devastating fires last year.",
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"title": "After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several months after Mikey Burke’s house burned down in Lahaina, her husband got a text message out of the blue. It was an offer to buy their property with no inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s gotten a couple of those,” Burke says. “Fighting against speculators and large developers coming in is nothing new for us, but we’ve never had it where it’s been this important to our very being as this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke and her family are among hundreds in Lahaina who are navigating the long and arduous process of rebuilding. More than seven months after the wildfire that took 101 lives, hundreds of properties are still covered in piles of debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire survivors have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1231191740/maui-fire-survivors-struggle-to-find-long-term-housing-half-a-year-after-the-bla\">moved into rental properties outside Lahaina\u003c/a>. Others are finding new jobs or schools elsewhere on Maui or in the continental U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1195387894/lahaina-residents-worry-developers-will-scoop-up-land-after-the-recent-wildfires#:~:text=Transcript-,NPR's%20Leila%20Fadel%20talks%20to%20Tiare%20Lawrence%2C%20who%20belongs%20to,land%20after%20the%20recent%20wildfires.\">Many Lahaina residents worry\u003c/a> that developers will buy up properties as they become available, changing the makeup of a community that was once the historic capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have enough of that happening, the village we grew up in is not going to be the village that we want to raise our kids in,” Burke says. “This community is so important to who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979614\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Maui is a center of the tourism industry, raising concerns in the community that developers will buy properties destroyed in the fire as they come up for sale. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, some community members are \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">working on a way to buy properties\u003c/a> so they can remain affordable and available to local residents. It’s a nonprofit community land trust modeled after ones \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/09/1168839399/community-land-trusts-are-providing-a-solution-to-gentrification\">used around the country for affordable housing.\u003c/a> Land trusts purchase properties and then sell or rent the houses. When the homes are for purchase, the trust keeps ownership of the land they’re built on, so the overall sale price is less than comparable homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community land trusts have emerged in a handful of other places recovering from disasters, like \u003ca href=\"https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/community-land-trusts-are-building-disaster-resilient-neighborhoods\">Houston\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/news/2018-08-16/in-post-irma-keys-one-tiny-new-home-is-cause-for-major-celebration\">Florida Keys\u003c/a> after both places were hit by hurricanes. The challenge is mobilizing financial resources in time to purchase properties in the crucial years post-disaster when properties go up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of units destroyed that are housing people affordably always outnumbers the amount that you rebuild,” says Steve Kirk, president of Rural Communities, an affordable housing nonprofit affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.affordablekeys.org/\">Florida Keys Community Land Trust\u003c/a>. “There are individuals and corporations with strike capital that can step into that void and acquire that land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979616\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maui’s striking volcano and scenic beaches are a major draw for tourists. Half of all condo sales on the island are to out-of-state buyers. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Challenges to rebuilding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Life is still in upheaval for Burke and her family. For months after the fire, her family of four kids and four dogs lived in two hotel rooms. Recently, they moved into a longer-term rental north of Lahaina. Her kids go to a Hawaiian language immersion school right next to the burn zone, so all four are doing distance learning by computer from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re still grappling with memories from the day of the fire. As the smoke approached their house, Burke loaded the kids into the car. But the traffic was at a standstill in the rush to evacuate Lahaina. They watched as the flames kept getting closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was telling the kids: if mommy opens the door, you run straight and you run to the ocean,” she says. “I will never forget that feeling because I didn’t know if it was OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their house was destroyed. The burned debris is still awaiting removal, like hundreds of other properties in Lahaina. But Burke’s family is already navigating the rebuilding process. Burke says they received a dollar estimate for what their insurance company will pay them, but they’re not sure if it will be enough to cover the cost of rebuilding with contractors in such high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course in August, everyone was like: yeah, we’re going to rebuild,” Burke says. “But now, we’re looking at the actual money we have to rebuild and have to make a decision. Do we rebuild? What can we even rebuild? Or do we sell?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s heard from others from Lahaina going through the same struggle. Some who are older may not be up for the long rebuilding process. Some are underinsured and won’t have enough to rebuild what they had. Burke says she’s determined to stay, but concern is high that the community she grew up in will be forever altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979617\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over 7 months after the fire, most properties that were burned in Lahaina are still covered with debris. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Selling in, instead of selling out’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping the community together was on Burke’s mind when she ran into two people working on a potential way to help: Carolyn Auweloa and Autumn Ness. Having worked on housing policy, Ness and Auweloa were aware of the community land trust model and decided to start one for Lahaina. The goal of land trusts is to keep housing affordable in the long term since the buyer agrees to sell the home at a restricted price whenever they choose to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Autumn Ness, who has worked on housing and local food policy on Maui, says the land trust would be led by the Lahaina community as it re-envisions its future. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cltweb.org/clt-directory/\">Dozens of community land trusts\u003c/a> have been established around the country to boost the affordable housing supply. As climate-driven disasters have taken a bigger and bigger toll, land trusts are getting new attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ness says the wildfires only increased the already-existing pressure on Maui’s housing market. With its stunning ocean views and rich history, Lahaina was a tourism hotspot. Short-term rentals, driven by Airbnb and VRBO, \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">made up 40% of the total housing supply (PDF)\u003c/a> in Lahaina’s zip code. And in Maui County more broadly, half of all condominium sales \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">are to out-of-state buyers (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable,” Ness says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">Lahaina Community Land Trust\u003c/a>, as they’ve named it, is still in the early stages and is starting to raise money through donations. Ness says it could do more than just build housing. They could buy some properties that are of cultural value to Native Hawaiians and preserve them for the community. They could buy other properties at risk of being flooded by sea level rise and not build on them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“People talk about the land trust as a way to sell in, instead of selling out,” Ness says. “If you have to sell — not your fault, no judgment. How can we make sure you have what you need and the land stays in the highest and best interest of the community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke decided to join the effort to develop the land trust, which she says will hopefully lessen the pain for neighbors who choose to leave Lahaina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we can’t save every parcel that’s gonna come up to be sold,” Burke says. “But if we’re an option on somebody’s table so if they have to walk away, they can do it in good conscience, that’s all we’re there for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Land trusts are growing after disasters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When hurricanes, floods and wildfires destroy housing, the ensuing upheaval can permanently shift the makeup of a community. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which hit New Orleans in 2005, \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Graif_Popul_Environ_2016.pdf\">a third of displaced residents (PDF)\u003c/a> still had not returned after three years, and lower-income residents were the most vulnerable to being displaced. Neighborhoods damaged by flooding \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042098018800445?journalCode=usja\">were also more likely to experience gentrification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma hit the Florida Keys in 2017, the Florida Keys Community Land Trust was established. Like in Lahaina, land values are high there, driven by tourism and restrictions on development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vacation rentals command so much money that even in the absence of any storm, we are losing service worker housing on a month-to-month basis,” says Kirk, who works on the land trust as well as affordable housing around Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979619\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community land trusts are used widely around the US, but have only recently started in communities hit by disasters like wildfires and hurricanes. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trust built 31 affordable units on property that went up for sale after the hurricane. It began with a private donation, but the trust eventually secured a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/cdbg-dr\">federal grant earmarked for disaster recovery\u003c/a>. Kirk says securing funding quickly is key since many properties are put up for sale within just a few years of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public funding is really a necessity in order to preserve land in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly in an affluent location,” Kirk says. “Because in the absence of that, market conditions will cause speculators and others to step into that land and end up serving a completely different income level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lahaina, Burke says organizers aren’t sure how many properties the land trust might be able to buy, but they hope to start within the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at a place where we can’t come back and still make this a beautiful, vibrant community,” Burke says. “We’re gonna need help and we’re going to continue to need help for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-fails-to-meet-climate-change-mandates-and-greenhouse-emission-goals-study-finds",
"title": "California Fails to Meet Climate Change Mandates and Greenhouse Emission Goals, Study Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>California will fail to meet its ambitious mandates for combating climate change unless it almost triples its rate of reducing greenhouse gases through 2030, according to a new analysis released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After dropping during the pandemic, California’s emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other climate-warming gases increased 3.4% in 2021, when the economy rebounded. The increase puts California further away from reaching its target mandated under state law: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">emitting 40% less in 2030 than in 1990\u003c/a> — a feat that will become more expensive and more difficult as time passes, the report’s authors told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well,” said Stafford Nichols, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"https://beaconecon.com/\">Beacon Economics\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based economics research firm, and a co-author of the annual California Green Innovation Index released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Stafford Nichols, researcher, Beacon Economics\"]‘The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well.’[/pullquote]“As we get closer to that 2030 goal, the fact that we’re further off just means that we have to decrease faster each year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is even further away from meeting a more aggressive goal set by the Air Resources Board in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/california-plan-climate-change/\">the state’s new climate blueprint\u003c/a>. Under that plan, greenhouse gases must be cut 48% below 1990 levels by 2030. Gov. Gavin Newsom had urged the board to adopt the more difficult goal, calling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-sp.pdf\">the new scoping plan (PDF)\u003c/a> the “most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Clegern, an air board spokesperson, said in an emailed statement to CalMatters that state officials are confident that California will hit its targets, including its \u003ca href=\"https://opr.ca.gov/climate/carbon-neutrality.html\">goal of carbon neutrality by 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said the state is in the midst of updating its climate programs and strengthening regulations, which, he said, “takes time” because they have to “translate into projects and action in the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more important than ever to transition existing facilities and build clean energy infrastructure,” Clegern said. “This decade is critical for implementation of the state’s plans and policies.” He added, “As we have stated for more than 10 years, California’s climate plans will continue to adjust to what remains a developing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gases are spewed by an array of sources, mostly from vehicles, industries and power plants that burn fossil fuels, but also from livestock, landfills and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled by Beacon Economics and environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, analyzed state data and concluded that through 2030, California would have to cut all greenhouse gases by 4.4% every year, beginning back in 2022. (Only preliminary data is available for 2022.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that challenge in perspective, the state has only achieved annual cuts of more than 4% twice over the last two decades, both during major recessions, in 2009 and 2020, according to Stephanie Leonard, director of research for Next 10. And from 2016 through 2021, the annual average reduction has been just 1.6%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive amounts of emissions — more than 100 million metric tons a year — will have to be eliminated for California to meet the mandate. The state couldn’t spew more than about 258 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 2030, compared to 2021’s 381 million, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liane Randolph, chair of the California Air Resources Board, told the state Legislature’s \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\">joint committee on climate change policies\u003c/a> on Monday that there is little room for error in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is that we need all of our programs to be effective and reduce emissions as laid out in the scoping plan,” Randolph said. “We need each program to perform as well as or better than identified in the scoping plan in order to achieve our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Power plants and cement are major emitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already made substantial progress in cleaning up cars and trucks. It has the world’s strictest emissions controls on vehicles, including a regulation that phases out new sales of gasoline-powered cars by 2035. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/02/california-electric-cars-industry-slowdown/\">electric vehicle sales were up 29%\u003c/a>, though they slowed at year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity generation was responsible for some of the biggest increases in emissions between 2020 and 2021, a 6.7% increase for imported electric power and 3.9% for in-state power, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1991836,news_1991828,news_11972105,news_11970742,news_11971382\"]That’s because California’s drought resulted in less hydroelectric power and more reliance on natural gas to avoid power shortages, according to Leonard. In 2020, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-2020-rolling-blackouts-explainer/\">faced its first non-wildfire rolling blackouts\u003c/a> in nearly two decades after record-breaking heat. Last year, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/southern-california-natural-gas-plants-remain-open/#:~:text=California%20officials%20agreed%20today%20to,grid%20and%20avoid%20rolling%20blackouts.\">extended operations at three natural gas plants\u003c/a> along the Southern California coast to shore up California’s straining power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas plants are the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/ghg_inventory_scopingplan_sum_2000-21.pdf\">largest source (PDF)\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases among California’s in-state producers of electricity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">California has a law mandating\u003c/a> zero-carbon, all-renewable electricity by 2045, but it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">a long way to go\u003c/a>: About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=CA#:~:text=California%20Quick%20Facts&text=In%202022%2C%20renewable%20resources%2C%20including,supplied%20almost%20all%20the%20rest.\">42% of power generated in the state\u003c/a> came from natural gas in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted cement facilities, saying California has some of the planet’s most polluting cement plants. As more housing is built and more cement is produced, the authors recommended “urgent action” to cut those emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s seven cement plants emit about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/SB596%20Community%20Meeting%20Slides%20Final.pdf#page=11\">7.5 million metric tons of greenhouse gases per year (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the air board, which has a working group to decarbonize the industry. Some factories are turning to low-carbon fuels, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-cement-carbon-climate/\">including the burning of tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon capture and storage technology may also be used at cement plants because they are so difficult to decarbonize. These facilities capture emissions from industrial plants and inject them underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s cement plants are an example of the challenge. Our cement is more carbon-intensive because we have older plants,” said Clegern of the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires were another large emitter of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Danny Cullenward, economist and vice chair, Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee\"]‘Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short …’[/pullquote]On an optimistic note, the report acknowledged that California has some of the lowest per-capita emissions in the U.S., and is the third-most carbon-efficient state, following New York and Massachusetts. However, many of the easiest and least costly steps have already been implemented. So, finding room for future reductions will be more challenging in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has shown that it is possible to grow the economy while lowering emissions,” the California Green Innovation Index said. “It will take more action, time and resources to further decarbonize the economy, but the last couple decades offer hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is the most recent example of an outside entity warning that California’s climate goals face major hurdles. The state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office said last year that California \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4656\">lacked a “clear strategy” for meeting its 2030 \u003c/a>targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, last month, the state’s advisory committee for its controversial cap and trade market \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/02/2023-ANNUAL-REPORT-OF-THE-IEMAC-final.pdf\">noted (PDF)\u003c/a> that the state was not on track to meet 2030 targets. Cap and trade is the state’s market that allows companies to buy and trade credits for reducing greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short of what is required to meet the state’s next climate targets,” Danny Cullenward, an economist and vice chair of the Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” he said, “the state is not on track for its 2030 climate target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California will fail to meet its ambitious mandates for combating climate change unless it almost triples its rate of reducing greenhouse gases through 2030, according to a new analysis released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After dropping during the pandemic, California’s emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other climate-warming gases increased 3.4% in 2021, when the economy rebounded. The increase puts California further away from reaching its target mandated under state law: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">emitting 40% less in 2030 than in 1990\u003c/a> — a feat that will become more expensive and more difficult as time passes, the report’s authors told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well,” said Stafford Nichols, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"https://beaconecon.com/\">Beacon Economics\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based economics research firm, and a co-author of the annual California Green Innovation Index released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“As we get closer to that 2030 goal, the fact that we’re further off just means that we have to decrease faster each year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is even further away from meeting a more aggressive goal set by the Air Resources Board in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/california-plan-climate-change/\">the state’s new climate blueprint\u003c/a>. Under that plan, greenhouse gases must be cut 48% below 1990 levels by 2030. Gov. Gavin Newsom had urged the board to adopt the more difficult goal, calling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-sp.pdf\">the new scoping plan (PDF)\u003c/a> the “most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Clegern, an air board spokesperson, said in an emailed statement to CalMatters that state officials are confident that California will hit its targets, including its \u003ca href=\"https://opr.ca.gov/climate/carbon-neutrality.html\">goal of carbon neutrality by 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said the state is in the midst of updating its climate programs and strengthening regulations, which, he said, “takes time” because they have to “translate into projects and action in the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more important than ever to transition existing facilities and build clean energy infrastructure,” Clegern said. “This decade is critical for implementation of the state’s plans and policies.” He added, “As we have stated for more than 10 years, California’s climate plans will continue to adjust to what remains a developing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gases are spewed by an array of sources, mostly from vehicles, industries and power plants that burn fossil fuels, but also from livestock, landfills and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled by Beacon Economics and environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, analyzed state data and concluded that through 2030, California would have to cut all greenhouse gases by 4.4% every year, beginning back in 2022. (Only preliminary data is available for 2022.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that challenge in perspective, the state has only achieved annual cuts of more than 4% twice over the last two decades, both during major recessions, in 2009 and 2020, according to Stephanie Leonard, director of research for Next 10. And from 2016 through 2021, the annual average reduction has been just 1.6%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive amounts of emissions — more than 100 million metric tons a year — will have to be eliminated for California to meet the mandate. The state couldn’t spew more than about 258 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 2030, compared to 2021’s 381 million, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liane Randolph, chair of the California Air Resources Board, told the state Legislature’s \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\">joint committee on climate change policies\u003c/a> on Monday that there is little room for error in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is that we need all of our programs to be effective and reduce emissions as laid out in the scoping plan,” Randolph said. “We need each program to perform as well as or better than identified in the scoping plan in order to achieve our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Power plants and cement are major emitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already made substantial progress in cleaning up cars and trucks. It has the world’s strictest emissions controls on vehicles, including a regulation that phases out new sales of gasoline-powered cars by 2035. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/02/california-electric-cars-industry-slowdown/\">electric vehicle sales were up 29%\u003c/a>, though they slowed at year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity generation was responsible for some of the biggest increases in emissions between 2020 and 2021, a 6.7% increase for imported electric power and 3.9% for in-state power, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s because California’s drought resulted in less hydroelectric power and more reliance on natural gas to avoid power shortages, according to Leonard. In 2020, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-2020-rolling-blackouts-explainer/\">faced its first non-wildfire rolling blackouts\u003c/a> in nearly two decades after record-breaking heat. Last year, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/southern-california-natural-gas-plants-remain-open/#:~:text=California%20officials%20agreed%20today%20to,grid%20and%20avoid%20rolling%20blackouts.\">extended operations at three natural gas plants\u003c/a> along the Southern California coast to shore up California’s straining power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas plants are the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/ghg_inventory_scopingplan_sum_2000-21.pdf\">largest source (PDF)\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases among California’s in-state producers of electricity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">California has a law mandating\u003c/a> zero-carbon, all-renewable electricity by 2045, but it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">a long way to go\u003c/a>: About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=CA#:~:text=California%20Quick%20Facts&text=In%202022%2C%20renewable%20resources%2C%20including,supplied%20almost%20all%20the%20rest.\">42% of power generated in the state\u003c/a> came from natural gas in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted cement facilities, saying California has some of the planet’s most polluting cement plants. As more housing is built and more cement is produced, the authors recommended “urgent action” to cut those emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s seven cement plants emit about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/SB596%20Community%20Meeting%20Slides%20Final.pdf#page=11\">7.5 million metric tons of greenhouse gases per year (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the air board, which has a working group to decarbonize the industry. Some factories are turning to low-carbon fuels, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-cement-carbon-climate/\">including the burning of tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon capture and storage technology may also be used at cement plants because they are so difficult to decarbonize. These facilities capture emissions from industrial plants and inject them underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s cement plants are an example of the challenge. Our cement is more carbon-intensive because we have older plants,” said Clegern of the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires were another large emitter of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On an optimistic note, the report acknowledged that California has some of the lowest per-capita emissions in the U.S., and is the third-most carbon-efficient state, following New York and Massachusetts. However, many of the easiest and least costly steps have already been implemented. So, finding room for future reductions will be more challenging in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has shown that it is possible to grow the economy while lowering emissions,” the California Green Innovation Index said. “It will take more action, time and resources to further decarbonize the economy, but the last couple decades offer hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is the most recent example of an outside entity warning that California’s climate goals face major hurdles. The state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office said last year that California \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4656\">lacked a “clear strategy” for meeting its 2030 \u003c/a>targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, last month, the state’s advisory committee for its controversial cap and trade market \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/02/2023-ANNUAL-REPORT-OF-THE-IEMAC-final.pdf\">noted (PDF)\u003c/a> that the state was not on track to meet 2030 targets. Cap and trade is the state’s market that allows companies to buy and trade credits for reducing greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short of what is required to meet the state’s next climate targets,” Danny Cullenward, an economist and vice chair of the Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” he said, “the state is not on track for its 2030 climate target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The last floating home in Marin County’s ecologically fragile Richardson Bay has been removed following a state mandate to protect area eelgrass that is a vital part of the water’s ecosystem, a spokesperson for the Richardson Bay Regional Agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The removal is also a coda to what had been a controversial floating subculture of boaters living on the waters off Sausalito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission entered into an agreement with the Richardson Bay Regional Agency, ordering that all illegally anchored vessels and floating homes be removed from the Bay by Oct. 15, 2026. The arrangement was also largely driven by the need to protect the vulnerable eelgrass ecosystem in the area.[aside postID=news_11739421 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36515_DSC_2298-qut-1020x676.jpg']Brad Gross, the executive director of Richardson Bay Regional Agency, stressed to KQED that there are still boats out in the bay, but the last floating home, which he said is a different designation from a recreational or commercial boat, was identified as one of four vessels for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A boat is a boat that you can transport yourself on the water for recreation or commerce, whereas a floating home is like those houses that are strictly for living that you see off in Sausalito,” Gross said. “These floating homes were out anchored independently in Richardson Bay. That’s what has been removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision to remove the array of floating homes manned by people termed “anchor-outs,” who have lived rent-free on the water in a subculture that romantics might call aquatic-bohemian, but others describe as an eyesore, resulted in at least one lawsuit and accusations that the county and RBRA were throwing people off the Bay and onto the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local agencies raised nearly $6 million to facilitate housing transitions and restore the Bay’s eelgrass. Last year, the county housing authority approved vouchers for those living on boats, who would otherwise face homelessness, to relocate to land-based residences. Many boat residents were moored illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, Gross estimated about 32 boats left in the anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such anchor out was Daniel Knight, who won a preliminary injunction against the RBRA last year when it tried to remove his vessel first through offering a voucher — he said the amount would be far less than the boat’s worth — and then tried to remove his boat by calling it “marine debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Knight’s attorneys, he eventually settled the case for an undisclosed amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact the boats and vessels had on the eelgrass in the area, however, was indeed significant.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Richardson Bay Regional Agency\"]‘[Eelgrass] supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.’[/pullquote]“Eelgrass is a critical component of a healthy and vibrant Richardson Bay,” said a statement released Thursday by the RBRA. “It supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of migratory birds also rely on the eelgrass for feeding and resting along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RBRA officials said that when anchors, chains and other ground tackle from vessels scrape the bottom of the Bay, they act as a “lawn mower” for any living plants and create areas where eelgrass cannot grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An area “four times the size of Alcatraz” now exists where the grass has been destroyed, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the housing vouchers, 16 vessels were removed with the help of a buyback program funded by the RBRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the agreement with the state, a small number of vessels will be allowed to remain anchored if they are deemed “seaworthy,” at least through October 2026. After that, all boats and vessels will be allowed only 72-hour anchorage, according to BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/opalma\"> KQED’s Oscar Palma\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brad Gross, the executive director of Richardson Bay Regional Agency, stressed to KQED that there are still boats out in the bay, but the last floating home, which he said is a different designation from a recreational or commercial boat, was identified as one of four vessels for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A boat is a boat that you can transport yourself on the water for recreation or commerce, whereas a floating home is like those houses that are strictly for living that you see off in Sausalito,” Gross said. “These floating homes were out anchored independently in Richardson Bay. That’s what has been removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision to remove the array of floating homes manned by people termed “anchor-outs,” who have lived rent-free on the water in a subculture that romantics might call aquatic-bohemian, but others describe as an eyesore, resulted in at least one lawsuit and accusations that the county and RBRA were throwing people off the Bay and onto the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local agencies raised nearly $6 million to facilitate housing transitions and restore the Bay’s eelgrass. Last year, the county housing authority approved vouchers for those living on boats, who would otherwise face homelessness, to relocate to land-based residences. Many boat residents were moored illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, Gross estimated about 32 boats left in the anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such anchor out was Daniel Knight, who won a preliminary injunction against the RBRA last year when it tried to remove his vessel first through offering a voucher — he said the amount would be far less than the boat’s worth — and then tried to remove his boat by calling it “marine debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Knight’s attorneys, he eventually settled the case for an undisclosed amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact the boats and vessels had on the eelgrass in the area, however, was indeed significant.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Eelgrass is a critical component of a healthy and vibrant Richardson Bay,” said a statement released Thursday by the RBRA. “It supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of migratory birds also rely on the eelgrass for feeding and resting along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RBRA officials said that when anchors, chains and other ground tackle from vessels scrape the bottom of the Bay, they act as a “lawn mower” for any living plants and create areas where eelgrass cannot grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An area “four times the size of Alcatraz” now exists where the grass has been destroyed, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the housing vouchers, 16 vessels were removed with the help of a buyback program funded by the RBRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the agreement with the state, a small number of vessels will be allowed to remain anchored if they are deemed “seaworthy,” at least through October 2026. After that, all boats and vessels will be allowed only 72-hour anchorage, according to BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/opalma\"> KQED’s Oscar Palma\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
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"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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