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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eighty-one migrant children have been \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreseparationstill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separated from their families\u003c/a> at the border since President Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-06-25/pdf/2018-13696.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> in June that ostensibly put an end to the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials are still allowed to separate a child from a parent in some instances, which is concerning to immigrant rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are very concerned the government may be separating families based on vague allegations of criminal history,\" said American Civil Liberties Union attorney Lee Gelernt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "FACT CHECK: Trump Wrong on Illegal Immigration Costs",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump is spreading misleading numbers about the cost of illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he tries to pressure Democrats to fund his long-promised southern border wall, Trump is claiming the country loses $250 billion a year on illegal immigration. But it remained unclear Tuesday where Trump had found that number, which is dramatically higher than previous estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a look at his claim:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1069990310175014914\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's numbers left even those sympathetic to the president's position scratching their heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure where the president got his numbers,\" said Dave Ray, a spokesman for the nonprofit group FAIR, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairus.org\">Federation for American Immigration Reform\u003c/a>, which advocates for lower immigration numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the White House nor the Department of Homeland Security responded to questions Tuesday about where the $250 billion estimate had come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org\">The Heritage Foundation\u003c/a>, for instance, estimated in 2013 that households headed by immigrants living in the U.S. illegally impose a net fiscal burden of around $54.5 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even Trump himself has contradicted the figure. During his 2016 campaign, Trump claimed that illegal immigration cost the country more than $113 billion a year — less than half the number he tweeted Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219482-e1543355344803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That estimate appeared based on a paper by FAIR, which released an updated report in 2017 that claimed taxpayers \"shell out approximately $134.9 billion to cover the costs incurred by the presence of more than 12.5 million illegal aliens, and about 4.2 million citizen children of illegal aliens\" at the federal, state and local levels, with \"a tax burden of approximately $8,075 per illegal alien family member and a total of $115,894,597,664.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $116 million figure included services like health care and education, as well as spending on agencies like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, minus the $19 billion the group concluded those who are living illegally in the country pay in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also included costs associated with the children of those immigrants in its tally, even when they are U.S. citizens. The estimate was criticized for making broad generalizations and other major methodological flaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Mittelstadt of the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> said that advocacy groups' numbers on both sides of the issue are notoriously flawed because \"they don't look at the other side of the ledger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11693442/government-report-shows-border-wall-designs-can-be-broken\">Government Report Shows Border Wall Designs Can Be Broken\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11693442/government-report-shows-border-wall-designs-can-be-broken\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/TrumpBorderWallPrototypes.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Doing a rigorous analysis that fully captures costs and economic contributions to come up with a net fiscal impact is quite complicated, because it is far easier to assess the cost side of the ledger, particularly uncompensated medical care and education, than it is to capture the full economic activity generated by unauthorized immigrants,\" she said via email, pointing to \"their roles not just as workers and taxpayers but also as consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org\">Pew Research Center\u003c/a> also released new estimates last week that there were 10.7 million unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. in 2016, down from a peak of 12.2 million in 2007 — less than groups like FAIR project.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the president tries to pressure Democrats to fund his border wall, he claimed the U.S. loses $250 billion a year on illegal immigration. But it remained unclear where Trump got that number.",
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"description": "As the president tries to pressure Democrats to fund his border wall, he claimed the U.S. loses $250 billion a year on illegal immigration. But it remained unclear where Trump got that number.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump is spreading misleading numbers about the cost of illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he tries to pressure Democrats to fund his long-promised southern border wall, Trump is claiming the country loses $250 billion a year on illegal immigration. But it remained unclear Tuesday where Trump had found that number, which is dramatically higher than previous estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a look at his claim:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump's numbers left even those sympathetic to the president's position scratching their heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure where the president got his numbers,\" said Dave Ray, a spokesman for the nonprofit group FAIR, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairus.org\">Federation for American Immigration Reform\u003c/a>, which advocates for lower immigration numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the White House nor the Department of Homeland Security responded to questions Tuesday about where the $250 billion estimate had come from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org\">The Heritage Foundation\u003c/a>, for instance, estimated in 2013 that households headed by immigrants living in the U.S. illegally impose a net fiscal burden of around $54.5 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even Trump himself has contradicted the figure. During his 2016 campaign, Trump claimed that illegal immigration cost the country more than $113 billion a year — less than half the number he tweeted Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219482-e1543355344803.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That estimate appeared based on a paper by FAIR, which released an updated report in 2017 that claimed taxpayers \"shell out approximately $134.9 billion to cover the costs incurred by the presence of more than 12.5 million illegal aliens, and about 4.2 million citizen children of illegal aliens\" at the federal, state and local levels, with \"a tax burden of approximately $8,075 per illegal alien family member and a total of $115,894,597,664.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $116 million figure included services like health care and education, as well as spending on agencies like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, minus the $19 billion the group concluded those who are living illegally in the country pay in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also included costs associated with the children of those immigrants in its tally, even when they are U.S. citizens. The estimate was criticized for making broad generalizations and other major methodological flaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Mittelstadt of the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> said that advocacy groups' numbers on both sides of the issue are notoriously flawed because \"they don't look at the other side of the ledger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11693442/government-report-shows-border-wall-designs-can-be-broken\">Government Report Shows Border Wall Designs Can Be Broken\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11693442/government-report-shows-border-wall-designs-can-be-broken\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/TrumpBorderWallPrototypes.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Doing a rigorous analysis that fully captures costs and economic contributions to come up with a net fiscal impact is quite complicated, because it is far easier to assess the cost side of the ledger, particularly uncompensated medical care and education, than it is to capture the full economic activity generated by unauthorized immigrants,\" she said via email, pointing to \"their roles not just as workers and taxpayers but also as consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org\">Pew Research Center\u003c/a> also released new estimates last week that there were 10.7 million unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. in 2016, down from a peak of 12.2 million in 2007 — less than groups like FAIR project.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every single \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorewallbreach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">border wall mock-up can be breached\u003c/a>, according to a government report, and the section on scaling the prototypes was almost entirely redacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to the vision of a “not penetrable” border wall, the prototypes didn’t fare so well when they were put to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Trump administration officials touted the strength and impassibility of the barriers, a Freedom of Information Act request filed by KPBS revealed a very different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Government Report Shows Border Wall Designs Can Be Broken",
"title": "Government Report Shows Border Wall Designs Can Be Broken",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]P[/dropcap]resident Donald Trump has stated that his vision of a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/aug/22/fact-check-what-has-president-trump-done-to-fight/\">great\u003c/a>” and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/18/how-trumps-wall-has-evolved-despite-his-denials-that-it-has/?utm_term=.faf9dc9869b4\">not penetrable\u003c/a>” wall along the border with Mexico would keep “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/25/417586527/univision-cuts-ties-with-trump-after-comments-about-immigrants\">rapists\u003c/a>,” “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ap-fact-check-trumps-mixed-signals-on-immigration-north-korea\">murderers\u003c/a>” and other people from breaking into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a U.S. Customs and Border Protection report shows new barriers could fail in that job — at least if they’re based on the steel and concrete barriers that were tested in last year’s $5 million Otay Mesa prototype project. The models were meant to inform future wall designs, combining different features of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavily redacted government documents reveal every mock-up was deemed vulnerable to at least one breaching technique. The report, obtained by KPBS through a Freedom of Information Act request filed in January, shows the final results of tactical teams trying to breach or scale the prototypes and mock-ups of the wall. During testing, the teams who observed the damage caused by one breaching technique decided to postpone it on other mock-ups. The technique’s nature was redacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (redacted) breaching technique was rescheduled to be last breaching technique on each mock-up, since the technique had the potential to impact the structural integrity of the entire mock-up,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p26/a454445\">report\u003c/a> states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers interviewed by KPBS said these sections of the report show that the mock-ups were at risk of collapsing due to the redacted breaching technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t intended on their part, but when they ran this test, they must have realized it was causing some kind of major damage to the mock-ups,” said Robert K. Dowell, associate professor of structural engineering at San Diego State University’s Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering. “And they put it at the end because of that. They thought it was going to collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the prototypes, it’s unclear from the document whether they can be scaled. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p121/a454470\">government redacted\u003c/a> almost the entire section on scaling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report provides no evidence that the government tested how well the barriers resist the creation of tunnels beneath them. Resistance to tunneling was among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4895857-SOLICITATION-OFFER-AND-AWARD.html#document/p62/a454626\">project requirements\u003c/a>. Additionally, most of the prototypes failed to show they could be easily modified in response to different border landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a request for comment on the documented flaws of the barriers, U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman Ralph DeSio said the prototypes “were not and cannot be designed to be indestructible.” He said they were instead meant to help create barriers that would “impede or deny efforts to scale, breach, or dig under such a barrier, giving agents time to respond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also added that no single prototype was “the intended end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump visited San Diego in March, he toured the prototype site as part of his campaign for still-nonexistent funds for his wall, projected to cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2018/jan/24/one-year-trumps-presidency-border-wall-remains-que/\">upwards of $20 billion\u003c/a>. He said his wall would stop \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/257492ff75ff43bd9c92e3152ff75d08\">99 percent of smugglers\u003c/a>, including those he described as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2018/03/13/trump_illegals_able_to_cross_border_walls_are_like_professional_mountain_climbers.html\">professional mountain climbers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unveiling of the prototypes generated a lot of buzz. Fox News, Business Insider and the Los Angeles Times quoted unnamed officials who claimed the barriers had withstood attempts to scale and break them. Some of the headlines included these descriptions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/01/30/trump-s-border-wall-prototypes-virtually-impassable-pass-rigorous-testing.html\">Virtually Impassable\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-border-wall-prototypes-withstood-breaching-climbing-tests-2018-2\">Nearly impossible to scale\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-border-wall-test-20180119-story.html\">Wall prototypes pass tests\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a breakdown of the actual results.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Breached? A: They Can Be Broken.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The breaching trials on the mock-ups were \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p31/a454454\">conducted\u003c/a> by the Border Patrol Tactical Unit and military special forces including Marine Special Operations Command and the U.S. Special Operations Command.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teams had nearly 60 different breaching tools available to them. Thirteen redacted photographs in the “Border Wall Mock-Up and Prototype Test Final Report” are labeled as “breached,” but it’s unclear how many mock-ups those photos correspond to because of the redactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the prototypes were deemed vulnerable to the breaching technique that was rescheduled to be at the end of each test. Whether that technique was actually applied to the mock-ups is not evident in the documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11693455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Theron Francisco, public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11693455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-800x554.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1200x831.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-960x665.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-375x260.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theron Francisco, public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another change of plans came when one of the mock-ups was so damaged by a technique that not all portions of the testing were conducted on that mock-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p26/a454456\">application of that breaching technique\u003c/a>, “the compromised structural integrity of (redacted) caused by the (redacted) led to unsafe conditions resulting in the technique being stopped and the (redacted) portion not executed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mock-ups were replicas of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/693488.pdf\">lowest 10 feet\u003c/a> of each prototype. Unlike scaling tests conducted on the 30-foot prototypes in open air beside existing 10-foot rusting steel fencing, the breaching tests were done on mock-ups of the prototypes November through December in a location described in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p24/a454613\">document\u003c/a> as “Pogo Row,” a dirt road north of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dirt road is lined on the south by Brown Field Municipal Airport and on the north by stretches of wrecked and dismembered vehicles stacked by auto parts vendors. At the east end of the road, U.S. Customs and Border Protection support facilities lie behind a chain-link fence featuring “No Trespassing” signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactical teams tested the mock-ups for how well they met the Department of Homeland Security specification in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">requests for proposals\u003c/a> to prevent “a physical breach … larger than 12-inches in diameter or square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During testing late last year, a Customs and Border Protection spokesman told KPBS breaching trials were hidden from public view to keep smugglers from gleaning information about how to break the barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dowell of San Diego State University’s engineering department said it was strange that the breaching tests were conducted on mock-ups a third the size of the prototypes. He said that the taller a structure, the more likely it is to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results at the base, what we call the bending moment and overturning moment at the bottom or footing, would be different… unless they accounted for that by applying different loads,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breaching is a widespread problem along existing border infrastructure. The 653 miles of barriers on the nearly 2,000-mile U.S.-Mexico border are marred with cuts and patches. New breaches appear on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/682838.pdf\">daily basis\u003c/a>, with smugglers using axes, torches, battery operated cutting tools and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2017 Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/682838.pdf\">analysis of Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a> data estimates that “illegal entrants breached legacy pedestrian fencing at an average rate of 82 breaches per fence mile, compared to an average of 14 breaches per fence mile of modern pedestrian fencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11693459\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"Border wall prototypes displayed in Otay Mesa near the existing border fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"565\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11693459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-800x565.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1200x848.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1180x833.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-960x678.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-375x265.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Border wall prototypes displayed in Otay Mesa near the existing border fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection has said that in five years, existing fencing was breached more than 9,000 times, and two decades of maintenance costs more than $1 billion, due in part to breach repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the tools and all of the breaching techniques are redacted in the report, the document does reveal the use of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p84/a454464\">plasma cutter \u003c/a>and a quick saw. One redacted photograph under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p88/a454467\">quick saw\u003c/a> section is labeled as “breached.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Tunneled Under? A: Unknown.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The prototypes were supposed to prevent digging or tunneling for a minimum of 6 feet below the lowest adjacent grade, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">government specifications\u003c/a> for construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the final report doesn’t show that the mock-ups were tested for this requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a previous investigative series, America’s Wall, KPBS and inewsource found border fence construction is correlated with illegal cross-border tunneling. These tunnels, used for drug and human smuggling, tend to concentrate in areas with strong and layered fencing. In San Diego, which has one of the most fortified borders with Mexico, more than 60 tunnels have been found since fencing construction began. One was 90 feet underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11573091/u-s-mexico-drug-tunnels-evolving-amid-increased-border-security\">U.S.-Mexico Drug Tunnels Evolving Amid Increased Border Security\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11573091/u-s-mexico-drug-tunnels-evolving-amid-increased-border-security\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/GalvezTunnel-1180x650.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As tunnels become increasingly plentiful and sophisticated — with lighting, rail and ventilation systems — government methods to detect them remain rudimentary,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/jun/21/us-mexico-drug-tunnels-change-amid-increased-borde/\"> according to Border Patrol\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Scaled? A: Some Can.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The prototypes were tested for how well they resisted climbing. That section of the report was too redacted to draw conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But based on Trump’s comments when he visited the prototypes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/03/13/san-diego-trump-wall-see-through-mountain-climbers.cnn\">“some” of the barriers\u003c/a> can be scaled. “Those are the ones we’re not using,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the report, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p126/a454482\">reference\u003c/a> is made to a “two by four wooden board” that was tied to a rope and thrown over the top of one of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p128/a454483\">report says data\u003c/a> was collected about “the start time of the scale attempt, the ‘scale time’ when scaler reaches the top of the prototype or a note that the scaler could not reach the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempts were also photographed and filmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Are The Barriers Adaptable? A: Not Entirely.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of border barriers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-614\">depends in part\u003c/a> on the landscape. Whether the ground is mountainous, flat, coastal, sandy, rocky or thick with desert shrub, it impacts the functionality and constructability of the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the testing results, the prototypes didn’t meet all of the construction and engineering-related requirements intended to ensure their compatibility with variegated border terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five out of eight of the prototypes failed to meet the government specification to “facilitate changes in color and textures” amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p174/a454485\">changing landscapes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of eight of the prototype designs “require \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p182/a454486\">significant deviation\u003c/a> from the submitted design, resulting in variance in appearance and function,” to meet Border Patrol’s design standards for sliding gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, the Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-614\">published a report\u003c/a> indicating that border barrier construction could end up being costlier than necessary because Customs and Border Protection has failed to account for “costs associated with deploying barriers in each location or segment, which can vary depending on topography, land ownership, and other factors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report singled out the prototype project, saying their construction was initiated without “key information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Are The Barriers Attractive? A: Yes, To Some.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p166/a454488\">report\u003c/a> analyzed how well the prototypes pleased the eyes of 76 participants, mostly engineers and people in law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p165/a454494\">requirements\u003c/a> in the requests for proposals was that the “north side of wall (i.e. US facing side) shall be \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">aesthetically pleasing.\u003c/a>” Participants were shown digital pictures of the prototypes to assess “shape, color, and texture, in a way that appeals to the senses and/or emotions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p169/a454497\">report\u003c/a>, the “texture” of each prototype was the most important feature in determining its attractiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was some agreement among participants about which was the best-looking, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p170/a454498\">report redacted its name\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototypes \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/09/07/here-are-the-winners-of-trumps-other-kind-of-border-wall-design-contest/?utm_term=.78f3da9e2e4d\">were built by\u003c/a> Caddell Construction, KWR Construction, ELTA North America, W.G. Yates & Sons Construction Company, Fisher Sand & Gravel, and Texas Sterling Construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was completed on February 23, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump has a vision of a 'not penetrable' wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. But a Customs and Border Protection report reveals every mock-up so far was deemed vulnerable to at least one breaching technique.",
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"description": "President Trump has a vision of a 'not penetrable' wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. But a Customs and Border Protection report reveals every mock-up so far was deemed vulnerable to at least one breaching technique.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/staff/jean-guerrero/\">Jean Guerrero\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">P\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>resident Donald Trump has stated that his vision of a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/aug/22/fact-check-what-has-president-trump-done-to-fight/\">great\u003c/a>” and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/18/how-trumps-wall-has-evolved-despite-his-denials-that-it-has/?utm_term=.faf9dc9869b4\">not penetrable\u003c/a>” wall along the border with Mexico would keep “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/25/417586527/univision-cuts-ties-with-trump-after-comments-about-immigrants\">rapists\u003c/a>,” “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ap-fact-check-trumps-mixed-signals-on-immigration-north-korea\">murderers\u003c/a>” and other people from breaking into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a U.S. Customs and Border Protection report shows new barriers could fail in that job — at least if they’re based on the steel and concrete barriers that were tested in last year’s $5 million Otay Mesa prototype project. The models were meant to inform future wall designs, combining different features of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavily redacted government documents reveal every mock-up was deemed vulnerable to at least one breaching technique. The report, obtained by KPBS through a Freedom of Information Act request filed in January, shows the final results of tactical teams trying to breach or scale the prototypes and mock-ups of the wall. During testing, the teams who observed the damage caused by one breaching technique decided to postpone it on other mock-ups. The technique’s nature was redacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (redacted) breaching technique was rescheduled to be last breaching technique on each mock-up, since the technique had the potential to impact the structural integrity of the entire mock-up,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p26/a454445\">report\u003c/a> states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers interviewed by KPBS said these sections of the report show that the mock-ups were at risk of collapsing due to the redacted breaching technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t intended on their part, but when they ran this test, they must have realized it was causing some kind of major damage to the mock-ups,” said Robert K. Dowell, associate professor of structural engineering at San Diego State University’s Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering. “And they put it at the end because of that. They thought it was going to collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the prototypes, it’s unclear from the document whether they can be scaled. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p121/a454470\">government redacted\u003c/a> almost the entire section on scaling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report provides no evidence that the government tested how well the barriers resist the creation of tunnels beneath them. Resistance to tunneling was among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4895857-SOLICITATION-OFFER-AND-AWARD.html#document/p62/a454626\">project requirements\u003c/a>. Additionally, most of the prototypes failed to show they could be easily modified in response to different border landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a request for comment on the documented flaws of the barriers, U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman Ralph DeSio said the prototypes “were not and cannot be designed to be indestructible.” He said they were instead meant to help create barriers that would “impede or deny efforts to scale, breach, or dig under such a barrier, giving agents time to respond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also added that no single prototype was “the intended end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump visited San Diego in March, he toured the prototype site as part of his campaign for still-nonexistent funds for his wall, projected to cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2018/jan/24/one-year-trumps-presidency-border-wall-remains-que/\">upwards of $20 billion\u003c/a>. He said his wall would stop \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/257492ff75ff43bd9c92e3152ff75d08\">99 percent of smugglers\u003c/a>, including those he described as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2018/03/13/trump_illegals_able_to_cross_border_walls_are_like_professional_mountain_climbers.html\">professional mountain climbers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unveiling of the prototypes generated a lot of buzz. Fox News, Business Insider and the Los Angeles Times quoted unnamed officials who claimed the barriers had withstood attempts to scale and break them. Some of the headlines included these descriptions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/01/30/trump-s-border-wall-prototypes-virtually-impassable-pass-rigorous-testing.html\">Virtually Impassable\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-border-wall-prototypes-withstood-breaching-climbing-tests-2018-2\">Nearly impossible to scale\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– “\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-border-wall-test-20180119-story.html\">Wall prototypes pass tests\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a breakdown of the actual results.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Breached? A: They Can Be Broken.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The breaching trials on the mock-ups were \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p31/a454454\">conducted\u003c/a> by the Border Patrol Tactical Unit and military special forces including Marine Special Operations Command and the U.S. Special Operations Command.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teams had nearly 60 different breaching tools available to them. Thirteen redacted photographs in the “Border Wall Mock-Up and Prototype Test Final Report” are labeled as “breached,” but it’s unclear how many mock-ups those photos correspond to because of the redactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the prototypes were deemed vulnerable to the breaching technique that was rescheduled to be at the end of each test. Whether that technique was actually applied to the mock-ups is not evident in the documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11693455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Theron Francisco, public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11693455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-800x554.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1200x831.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-960x665.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-375x260.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Prototypes-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theron Francisco, public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another change of plans came when one of the mock-ups was so damaged by a technique that not all portions of the testing were conducted on that mock-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p26/a454456\">application of that breaching technique\u003c/a>, “the compromised structural integrity of (redacted) caused by the (redacted) led to unsafe conditions resulting in the technique being stopped and the (redacted) portion not executed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mock-ups were replicas of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/693488.pdf\">lowest 10 feet\u003c/a> of each prototype. Unlike scaling tests conducted on the 30-foot prototypes in open air beside existing 10-foot rusting steel fencing, the breaching tests were done on mock-ups of the prototypes November through December in a location described in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p24/a454613\">document\u003c/a> as “Pogo Row,” a dirt road north of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dirt road is lined on the south by Brown Field Municipal Airport and on the north by stretches of wrecked and dismembered vehicles stacked by auto parts vendors. At the east end of the road, U.S. Customs and Border Protection support facilities lie behind a chain-link fence featuring “No Trespassing” signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactical teams tested the mock-ups for how well they met the Department of Homeland Security specification in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">requests for proposals\u003c/a> to prevent “a physical breach … larger than 12-inches in diameter or square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During testing late last year, a Customs and Border Protection spokesman told KPBS breaching trials were hidden from public view to keep smugglers from gleaning information about how to break the barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dowell of San Diego State University’s engineering department said it was strange that the breaching tests were conducted on mock-ups a third the size of the prototypes. He said that the taller a structure, the more likely it is to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results at the base, what we call the bending moment and overturning moment at the bottom or footing, would be different… unless they accounted for that by applying different loads,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breaching is a widespread problem along existing border infrastructure. The 653 miles of barriers on the nearly 2,000-mile U.S.-Mexico border are marred with cuts and patches. New breaches appear on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/682838.pdf\">daily basis\u003c/a>, with smugglers using axes, torches, battery operated cutting tools and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2017 Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/682838.pdf\">analysis of Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a> data estimates that “illegal entrants breached legacy pedestrian fencing at an average rate of 82 breaches per fence mile, compared to an average of 14 breaches per fence mile of modern pedestrian fencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11693459\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-800x565.jpg\" alt=\"Border wall prototypes displayed in Otay Mesa near the existing border fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"565\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11693459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-800x565.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1200x848.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-1180x833.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-960x678.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-375x265.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WallPrototypes-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Border wall prototypes displayed in Otay Mesa near the existing border fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection has said that in five years, existing fencing was breached more than 9,000 times, and two decades of maintenance costs more than $1 billion, due in part to breach repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the tools and all of the breaching techniques are redacted in the report, the document does reveal the use of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p84/a454464\">plasma cutter \u003c/a>and a quick saw. One redacted photograph under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p88/a454467\">quick saw\u003c/a> section is labeled as “breached.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Tunneled Under? A: Unknown.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The prototypes were supposed to prevent digging or tunneling for a minimum of 6 feet below the lowest adjacent grade, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">government specifications\u003c/a> for construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the final report doesn’t show that the mock-ups were tested for this requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a previous investigative series, America’s Wall, KPBS and inewsource found border fence construction is correlated with illegal cross-border tunneling. These tunnels, used for drug and human smuggling, tend to concentrate in areas with strong and layered fencing. In San Diego, which has one of the most fortified borders with Mexico, more than 60 tunnels have been found since fencing construction began. One was 90 feet underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11573091/u-s-mexico-drug-tunnels-evolving-amid-increased-border-security\">U.S.-Mexico Drug Tunnels Evolving Amid Increased Border Security\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11573091/u-s-mexico-drug-tunnels-evolving-amid-increased-border-security\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/GalvezTunnel-1180x650.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As tunnels become increasingly plentiful and sophisticated — with lighting, rail and ventilation systems — government methods to detect them remain rudimentary,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/jun/21/us-mexico-drug-tunnels-change-amid-increased-borde/\"> according to Border Patrol\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Can The Barriers Be Scaled? A: Some Can.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The prototypes were tested for how well they resisted climbing. That section of the report was too redacted to draw conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But based on Trump’s comments when he visited the prototypes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/03/13/san-diego-trump-wall-see-through-mountain-climbers.cnn\">“some” of the barriers\u003c/a> can be scaled. “Those are the ones we’re not using,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the report, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p126/a454482\">reference\u003c/a> is made to a “two by four wooden board” that was tied to a rope and thrown over the top of one of the prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p128/a454483\">report says data\u003c/a> was collected about “the start time of the scale attempt, the ‘scale time’ when scaler reaches the top of the prototype or a note that the scaler could not reach the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempts were also photographed and filmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Are The Barriers Adaptable? A: Not Entirely.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of border barriers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-614\">depends in part\u003c/a> on the landscape. Whether the ground is mountainous, flat, coastal, sandy, rocky or thick with desert shrub, it impacts the functionality and constructability of the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the testing results, the prototypes didn’t meet all of the construction and engineering-related requirements intended to ensure their compatibility with variegated border terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five out of eight of the prototypes failed to meet the government specification to “facilitate changes in color and textures” amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p174/a454485\">changing landscapes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of eight of the prototype designs “require \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p182/a454486\">significant deviation\u003c/a> from the submitted design, resulting in variance in appearance and function,” to meet Border Patrol’s design standards for sliding gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, the Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-614\">published a report\u003c/a> indicating that border barrier construction could end up being costlier than necessary because Customs and Border Protection has failed to account for “costs associated with deploying barriers in each location or segment, which can vary depending on topography, land ownership, and other factors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report singled out the prototype project, saying their construction was initiated without “key information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Q: Are The Barriers Attractive? A: Yes, To Some.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p166/a454488\">report\u003c/a> analyzed how well the prototypes pleased the eyes of 76 participants, mostly engineers and people in law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p165/a454494\">requirements\u003c/a> in the requests for proposals was that the “north side of wall (i.e. US facing side) shall be \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=151d4eaab6927f4e2d6d396d084c23f1&tab=core&_cview=1\">aesthetically pleasing.\u003c/a>” Participants were shown digital pictures of the prototypes to assess “shape, color, and texture, in a way that appeals to the senses and/or emotions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p169/a454497\">report\u003c/a>, the “texture” of each prototype was the most important feature in determining its attractiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was some agreement among participants about which was the best-looking, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4891728-Border-Wall-Mock-Up-and-Prototype-Test-Final.html#document/p170/a454498\">report redacted its name\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototypes \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/09/07/here-are-the-winners-of-trumps-other-kind-of-border-wall-design-contest/?utm_term=.78f3da9e2e4d\">were built by\u003c/a> Caddell Construction, KWR Construction, ELTA North America, W.G. Yates & Sons Construction Company, Fisher Sand & Gravel, and Texas Sterling Construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court will hear arguments Tuesday by the state of California and advocacy groups who contend the Trump administration overreached by waiving environmental reviews to speed up construction of the president's prized border wall with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is appealing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652632/judge-sides-with-trump-on-challenge-to-mexico-border-wall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a decision by U.S. District Judge Gonzalo Curiel of San Diego\u003c/a>, who sided with the administration in February. The president had repeatedly berated Curiel during the 2016 campaign over an unrelated case involving fraud allegations and the now-defunct Trump University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue before a three-judge panel in Pasadena, California, is a 2005 law that gave the Homeland Security secretary broad authority to waive dozens of laws including the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act and Endangered Species Act. Those laws require time-consuming reviews and are subject to prolonged legal challenges that can delay or even derail projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California argues that the waiver authority expired in 2008, when Homeland Security satisfied congressional requirements at the time on how much wall to build. The state is being joined in the appeal by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Sierra Club, Defenders of Wildlife and Animal Legal Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has issued three waivers in the last year, two to build in parts of California and one to build in part of New Mexico. President George W. Bush's administration issued the previous five waivers, allowing the government to quickly extend barriers to about one-third of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the government began replacing barriers on a 14-mile stretch in San Diego and a two-mile stretch of Calexico. The waivers also cleared the way for it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624540/30-foot-border-wall-prototypes-erected-in-san-diego-borderlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to build eight prototypes in San Diego\u003c/a> to guide future designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is seeking $25 billion over 10 years for the border wall and other border security technology and has held out the possibility of a government shutdown if Congress doesn't fund one of his signature campaign pledges. The administration received $1.6 billion this year and has requested the same amount in next year's budget, largely to build in Texas' Rio Grande Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal challenges to border barriers have failed over the years amid national security concerns. The Congressional Research Service said in a report last year it saw no legal impediments to construction if deemed appropriate for controlling the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiel mentioned his Indiana roots in his 101-page ruling on the wall when he cited another native of the state, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, who wrote in another case that courts should not make policy judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court cannot and does not consider whether the underlying decisions to construct border barriers are politically wise or prudent,\" Curiel wrote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court will hear arguments Tuesday by the state of California and advocacy groups who contend the Trump administration overreached by waiving environmental reviews to speed up construction of the president's prized border wall with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is appealing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652632/judge-sides-with-trump-on-challenge-to-mexico-border-wall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a decision by U.S. District Judge Gonzalo Curiel of San Diego\u003c/a>, who sided with the administration in February. The president had repeatedly berated Curiel during the 2016 campaign over an unrelated case involving fraud allegations and the now-defunct Trump University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue before a three-judge panel in Pasadena, California, is a 2005 law that gave the Homeland Security secretary broad authority to waive dozens of laws including the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act and Endangered Species Act. Those laws require time-consuming reviews and are subject to prolonged legal challenges that can delay or even derail projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California argues that the waiver authority expired in 2008, when Homeland Security satisfied congressional requirements at the time on how much wall to build. The state is being joined in the appeal by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Sierra Club, Defenders of Wildlife and Animal Legal Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has issued three waivers in the last year, two to build in parts of California and one to build in part of New Mexico. President George W. Bush's administration issued the previous five waivers, allowing the government to quickly extend barriers to about one-third of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the government began replacing barriers on a 14-mile stretch in San Diego and a two-mile stretch of Calexico. The waivers also cleared the way for it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624540/30-foot-border-wall-prototypes-erected-in-san-diego-borderlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to build eight prototypes in San Diego\u003c/a> to guide future designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is seeking $25 billion over 10 years for the border wall and other border security technology and has held out the possibility of a government shutdown if Congress doesn't fund one of his signature campaign pledges. The administration received $1.6 billion this year and has requested the same amount in next year's budget, largely to build in Texas' Rio Grande Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal challenges to border barriers have failed over the years amid national security concerns. The Congressional Research Service said in a report last year it saw no legal impediments to construction if deemed appropriate for controlling the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiel mentioned his Indiana roots in his 101-page ruling on the wall when he cited another native of the state, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, who wrote in another case that courts should not make policy judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court cannot and does not consider whether the underlying decisions to construct border barriers are politically wise or prudent,\" Curiel wrote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "photos-a-ride-with-border-patrol-along-san-diegos-border-fence",
"title": "PHOTOS: A Ride With Border Patrol Along San Diego's Border Fence",
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"content": "\u003cp>Photographer Ariana Drehsler teamed up with KQED reporter Julie Small this past Tuesday to go on a ride-along with Theron Francisco, a public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They started early in the morning in Otay Mesa, a community located at the southern edge of San Diego. The tour began at the site of eight border wall prototypes next to the U.S.-Mexico border. Then, Francisco took them to visit Smuggler’s Gulch, a section of steep terrain used as a cross-over point for drug smugglers and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last stop was Friendship Park, a bi-national park that separates San Diego from Tijuana. Drehsler said she noticed people taking selfies and trying to get as close to the fence as possible. “If they got too close, the Border Patrol would let them know,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the tour, Francisco told Drehsler and Small that his grandmother came from Tijuana when she was a little girl. “It’s a reminder that no matter what job you have, we all come from somewhere,” said Drehsler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32058_IMG_1873-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='Friendship Park it is not nearly as colorful as it is on the Mexican side, but there is a small section of the wall where someone wrote \"God Loves Us All.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friendship Park it is not nearly as colorful as it is on the Mexican side, but there is a small section of the wall where someone wrote “God Loves Us All.” \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32022_IMG_1307-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Theron Francisco, the Public Affairs Officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of the border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa, Calif. Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, Theron worked in construction. He said his grandmother came to the United States from Tijuana when she was very young.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theron Francisco, the Public Affairs Officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of the border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa, Calif. Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, Theron worked in construction. He said his grandmother came to the United States from Tijuana when she was very young. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32056_IMG_1846-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"People take a selfie outside of Friendship Park in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People take a selfie outside of Friendship Park in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32012_IMG_1229-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Outside the gate where the 8 border wall prototypes are displayed in Otay Mesa, Ca.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside the gate where the 8 border wall prototypes are displayed in Otay Mesa, Ca. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32046_IMG_1726-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='The view from \"Bunker Hill\" where you can see Mexico on the left and the United States on the right divided by a border wall.' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from “Bunker Hill” where you can see Mexico on the left and the United States on the right divided by a border wall. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32041_IMG_1645-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the SUV of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Theron Francisco. Construction is underway to add additional vehicle inspection booths and to expand southbound Interstate-5 by adding more lanes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the SUV of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Theron Francisco. Construction is underway to add additional vehicle inspection booths and to expand southbound Interstate-5 by adding more lanes. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682944\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32052_IMG_1759-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"People outside the gate of Friendship Park looking at the border fence that goes into the Pacific Ocean in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People outside the gate of Friendship Park looking at the border fence that goes into the Pacific Ocean in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32042_IMG_1663-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"The secondary fence along the U.S.-Mexico border is near an area known as "Smuggler's Gulch".\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The secondary fence along the U.S.-Mexico border is near an area known as “Smuggler’s Gulch”. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32048_IMG_1738-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='A Border Patrol SUV looks over the U.S.-Mexico Border in the \"Bunker Hill\" district near Tijuana, Mexico.' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Border Patrol SUV looks over the U.S.-Mexico Border in the “Bunker Hill” district near Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Photographer Ariana Drehsler and KQED reporter Julie Small went on a ride along with a U.S. Border Patrol agent, from the new border wall prototypes to Friendship Park. ",
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"title": "PHOTOS: A Ride With Border Patrol Along San Diego's Border Fence | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Photographer Ariana Drehsler teamed up with KQED reporter Julie Small this past Tuesday to go on a ride-along with Theron Francisco, a public affairs officer with the U.S. Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They started early in the morning in Otay Mesa, a community located at the southern edge of San Diego. The tour began at the site of eight border wall prototypes next to the U.S.-Mexico border. Then, Francisco took them to visit Smuggler’s Gulch, a section of steep terrain used as a cross-over point for drug smugglers and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last stop was Friendship Park, a bi-national park that separates San Diego from Tijuana. Drehsler said she noticed people taking selfies and trying to get as close to the fence as possible. “If they got too close, the Border Patrol would let them know,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the tour, Francisco told Drehsler and Small that his grandmother came from Tijuana when she was a little girl. “It’s a reminder that no matter what job you have, we all come from somewhere,” said Drehsler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32058_IMG_1873-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='Friendship Park it is not nearly as colorful as it is on the Mexican side, but there is a small section of the wall where someone wrote \"God Loves Us All.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friendship Park it is not nearly as colorful as it is on the Mexican side, but there is a small section of the wall where someone wrote “God Loves Us All.” \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32022_IMG_1307-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Theron Francisco, the Public Affairs Officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of the border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa, Calif. Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, Theron worked in construction. He said his grandmother came to the United States from Tijuana when she was very young.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theron Francisco, the Public Affairs Officer with the U.S. Border Patrol, stands in front of the border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa, Calif. Before joining the U.S. Border Patrol, Theron worked in construction. He said his grandmother came to the United States from Tijuana when she was very young. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32056_IMG_1846-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"People take a selfie outside of Friendship Park in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People take a selfie outside of Friendship Park in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32012_IMG_1229-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Outside the gate where the 8 border wall prototypes are displayed in Otay Mesa, Ca.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside the gate where the 8 border wall prototypes are displayed in Otay Mesa, Ca. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32046_IMG_1726-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='The view from \"Bunker Hill\" where you can see Mexico on the left and the United States on the right divided by a border wall.' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from “Bunker Hill” where you can see Mexico on the left and the United States on the right divided by a border wall. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32041_IMG_1645-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the SUV of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Theron Francisco. Construction is underway to add additional vehicle inspection booths and to expand southbound Interstate-5 by adding more lanes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the SUV of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Theron Francisco. Construction is underway to add additional vehicle inspection booths and to expand southbound Interstate-5 by adding more lanes. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682944\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32052_IMG_1759-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"People outside the gate of Friendship Park looking at the border fence that goes into the Pacific Ocean in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People outside the gate of Friendship Park looking at the border fence that goes into the Pacific Ocean in San Ysidro, Calif. Friendship Park is open on Saturdays and Sundays for four hours. Friends and family members are able to visit one another and speak through a metal fence. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32042_IMG_1663-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"The secondary fence along the U.S.-Mexico border is near an area known as "Smuggler's Gulch".\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The secondary fence along the U.S.-Mexico border is near an area known as “Smuggler’s Gulch”. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11682943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS32048_IMG_1738-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt='A Border Patrol SUV looks over the U.S.-Mexico Border in the \"Bunker Hill\" district near Tijuana, Mexico.' width=\"800\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Border Patrol SUV looks over the U.S.-Mexico Border in the “Bunker Hill” district near Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Janet Napolitano on Family Separations, Border Security and DACA",
"title": "Janet Napolitano on Family Separations, Border Security and DACA",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Janet Napolitano knows a few things about immigration and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she became president of the University of California in 2013, Napolitano served as secretary of the Department of Homeland Security under President Barack Obama. Before that, she governed Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> sat down with Napolitano in her Oakland office last week for a wide-ranging conversation, from the Trump administration's zero-tolerance migration policy to border walls and DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Family Separations Indicate 'No Preplanning'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napolitano confirmed that, like the Trump administration, the Obama administration also had considered separating migrant families to deter parents from crossing into the United States illegally with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, under Obama the idea was a nonstarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was quickly discarded,\" she said. \"It's just not consistent with what we thought wise immigration actions would be. And also with our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano admitted to being angered upon witnessing family separations taking place under the Trump administration's zero tolerance policy. But as the former head of a Cabinet department, she also noticed something else: a total lack of planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could just tell that the three agencies that were involved -- the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services -- had done no preplanning for this,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[They] had no system in place for how they were going to keep families and children ... parents and children ... in touch with each other, even if they were to be separated, which they shouldn't have been separated to begin with, or how to bring them together,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so now they're trying frantically because the courts are making them, and the court of public opinion is making them, to knit together a system [that] at the very least should have been thought through ahead of time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What tipped Napolitano off to the Trump administration's lack of planning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, first of all the announcement by the attorney general that we're going to do zero tolerance, and the effect on law enforcement ... [was] that you've got to pull federal prosecutors off of doing serious drug smuggling, human trafficking, gunrunning cases to do what are at most federal misdemeanors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The other thing that tipped me off was the fact that once you put the adults into the criminal justice system, the children can't go there. So that must have required separation. And yet there seemed to be no appreciation in Washington about how the one thing -- the zero tolerance policy -- led necessarily to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then the third thing was the obvious scramble to find safe, child-amenable housing for the children who were separated. So you had horrible pictures on TV of these places that were never designed to keep large numbers of children for an extended period,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11682413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"UC President and former Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano talked with The California Report in her office in Oakland on July 17, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC President and former Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano talked with The California Report in her office in Oakland on July 17, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the goals of the Trump administration's zero tolerance policy is to deter people trying to cross into the U.S. illegally. Napolitano doesn't see that as a reasonable strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think a deterrence-based strategy when people are migrating out of desperation doesn't really work,\" Napolitano said. \"It may deter a few people at the margins, but when the factors contributing to the migration are widespread and serious, I don't think justifying a zero tolerance policy as a deterrent actually works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On Building a Border Wall\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/08/22/homeland-security-secretary-border-walls-work-yuma-sector-proves-it-elaine-duke-column/586853001/\">has pointed to an Arizona policy\u003c/a> implemented while Napolitano was governor as a reason to build a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, more than 800 people were arrested crossing into Yuma, Arizona, from Mexico. Congress approved a 20-foot-high, reinforced metal fence that stretches the length of Yuma. Crime immediately fell by double-digit rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.city-data.com/crime/crime-Yuma-Arizona.html\">in the area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano appeared with then-President George W. Bush and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/12851381/ns/politics/t/bush-visits-ground-zero-immigration-debate/#.W1X6kdVKjIU\">spoke in support of tough security measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Napolitano has said that building a similar structure along the entire border \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2016/02/22/intv-amanpour-janet-napolitano-trump-wall.cnn\">would not work\u003c/a>, a position she reiterated in her conversation with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Yuma sector is a very small sector along the southwest border,” Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's much smaller than say, for example, even the Tucson sector in Arizona. And when you think in terms of just actual cost ... as I said and have said for years ... show me a 50-foot wall and I’ll show you a 51-foot ladder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano emphasized a more holistic approach to border security as one with the best chance for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to stop thinking about [border security] as simply a literal space, but really as a strategy that begins outside the borders of the United States, that includes the right level of manpower, the right kind of technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On Rescinding DACA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napolitano -- who helped implement the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program as DHS secretary -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/us/politics/napolitano-sues-trump-to-save-daca-program-she-helped-create.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued President Trump\u003c/a> last year to preserve the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I began DACA when I was secretary ... I take it personally,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano said she took issue with Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ announcement rescinding DACA. While Sessions said that the rescission should not be seen as meaning DACA recipients are “bad people,” he also described DACA as a failure to enforce the laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to enforce the laws in the past has put our nation at risk of crime, violence and even terrorism,” Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, studies of DACA and DACA-age recipients show this group commits crime at a lower rate than native-born United States citizens. These findings have held even in surveys conducted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.cato.org/publications/immigration-research-policy-brief/dreamer-incarceration-rate#full\">conservative think tanks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”I thought the attorney general's announcement of the decision was just over the top also because he made comments about the qualities of DACA recipients, not recognizing that they are students, that they are in the military,” Napolitano said. “They have started and owned small businesses. They can't be a known gang member or a security threat or anything of that sort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano also pushed back on Sessions' and Trump’s claim that DACA was an overreach of the Obama administration that violated the lawmaking process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To simply say we're going to end it and then in kind of one line say because the program is illegal. ... It's not illegal,” Napolitano said. “It was done and created very carefully with lots of input from lawyers at the Department of Justice and at the White House.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The UC president is no stranger to immigration issues, having served as Homeland Security secretary and Arizona governor. She told us why she thinks the Trump administration did no preplanning in regard to migrant family separations.",
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"description": "The UC president is no stranger to immigration issues, having served as Homeland Security secretary and Arizona governor. She told us why she thinks the Trump administration did no preplanning in regard to migrant family separations.",
"title": "Janet Napolitano on Family Separations, Border Security and DACA | KQED",
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"headline": "Janet Napolitano on Family Separations, Border Security and DACA",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Janet Napolitano knows a few things about immigration and border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she became president of the University of California in 2013, Napolitano served as secretary of the Department of Homeland Security under President Barack Obama. Before that, she governed Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> sat down with Napolitano in her Oakland office last week for a wide-ranging conversation, from the Trump administration's zero-tolerance migration policy to border walls and DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Family Separations Indicate 'No Preplanning'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napolitano confirmed that, like the Trump administration, the Obama administration also had considered separating migrant families to deter parents from crossing into the United States illegally with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, under Obama the idea was a nonstarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was quickly discarded,\" she said. \"It's just not consistent with what we thought wise immigration actions would be. And also with our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano admitted to being angered upon witnessing family separations taking place under the Trump administration's zero tolerance policy. But as the former head of a Cabinet department, she also noticed something else: a total lack of planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could just tell that the three agencies that were involved -- the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services -- had done no preplanning for this,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[They] had no system in place for how they were going to keep families and children ... parents and children ... in touch with each other, even if they were to be separated, which they shouldn't have been separated to begin with, or how to bring them together,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so now they're trying frantically because the courts are making them, and the court of public opinion is making them, to knit together a system [that] at the very least should have been thought through ahead of time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What tipped Napolitano off to the Trump administration's lack of planning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, first of all the announcement by the attorney general that we're going to do zero tolerance, and the effect on law enforcement ... [was] that you've got to pull federal prosecutors off of doing serious drug smuggling, human trafficking, gunrunning cases to do what are at most federal misdemeanors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The other thing that tipped me off was the fact that once you put the adults into the criminal justice system, the children can't go there. So that must have required separation. And yet there seemed to be no appreciation in Washington about how the one thing -- the zero tolerance policy -- led necessarily to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then the third thing was the obvious scramble to find safe, child-amenable housing for the children who were separated. So you had horrible pictures on TV of these places that were never designed to keep large numbers of children for an extended period,\" Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11682413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11682413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"UC President and former Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano talked with The California Report in her office in Oakland on July 17, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/Napolitano2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC President and former Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano talked with The California Report in her office in Oakland on July 17, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the goals of the Trump administration's zero tolerance policy is to deter people trying to cross into the U.S. illegally. Napolitano doesn't see that as a reasonable strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think a deterrence-based strategy when people are migrating out of desperation doesn't really work,\" Napolitano said. \"It may deter a few people at the margins, but when the factors contributing to the migration are widespread and serious, I don't think justifying a zero tolerance policy as a deterrent actually works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On Building a Border Wall\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/08/22/homeland-security-secretary-border-walls-work-yuma-sector-proves-it-elaine-duke-column/586853001/\">has pointed to an Arizona policy\u003c/a> implemented while Napolitano was governor as a reason to build a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, more than 800 people were arrested crossing into Yuma, Arizona, from Mexico. Congress approved a 20-foot-high, reinforced metal fence that stretches the length of Yuma. Crime immediately fell by double-digit rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.city-data.com/crime/crime-Yuma-Arizona.html\">in the area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano appeared with then-President George W. Bush and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/12851381/ns/politics/t/bush-visits-ground-zero-immigration-debate/#.W1X6kdVKjIU\">spoke in support of tough security measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Napolitano has said that building a similar structure along the entire border \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2016/02/22/intv-amanpour-janet-napolitano-trump-wall.cnn\">would not work\u003c/a>, a position she reiterated in her conversation with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Yuma sector is a very small sector along the southwest border,” Napolitano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's much smaller than say, for example, even the Tucson sector in Arizona. And when you think in terms of just actual cost ... as I said and have said for years ... show me a 50-foot wall and I’ll show you a 51-foot ladder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano emphasized a more holistic approach to border security as one with the best chance for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to stop thinking about [border security] as simply a literal space, but really as a strategy that begins outside the borders of the United States, that includes the right level of manpower, the right kind of technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On Rescinding DACA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napolitano -- who helped implement the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program as DHS secretary -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/us/politics/napolitano-sues-trump-to-save-daca-program-she-helped-create.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued President Trump\u003c/a> last year to preserve the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I began DACA when I was secretary ... I take it personally,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano said she took issue with Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ announcement rescinding DACA. While Sessions said that the rescission should not be seen as meaning DACA recipients are “bad people,” he also described DACA as a failure to enforce the laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to enforce the laws in the past has put our nation at risk of crime, violence and even terrorism,” Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, studies of DACA and DACA-age recipients show this group commits crime at a lower rate than native-born United States citizens. These findings have held even in surveys conducted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.cato.org/publications/immigration-research-policy-brief/dreamer-incarceration-rate#full\">conservative think tanks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”I thought the attorney general's announcement of the decision was just over the top also because he made comments about the qualities of DACA recipients, not recognizing that they are students, that they are in the military,” Napolitano said. “They have started and owned small businesses. They can't be a known gang member or a security threat or anything of that sort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano also pushed back on Sessions' and Trump’s claim that DACA was an overreach of the Obama administration that violated the lawmaking process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To simply say we're going to end it and then in kind of one line say because the program is illegal. ... It's not illegal,” Napolitano said. “It was done and created very carefully with lots of input from lawyers at the Department of Justice and at the White House.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sessions Says ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy for Border Crossers May Split Families",
"title": "Sessions Says ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy for Border Crossers May Split Families",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Continuing an administration crackdown on illegal immigration, Attorney General Jeff Sessions warned during a visit to the San Diego border area Monday that anyone who sneaks into the country will be federally prosecuted, and if they bring children with them, those children will be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this will also apply to people who are seeking asylum in the U.S. if they enter the U.S. outside of designated ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you cross the border unlawfully, then we will prosecute you — it's that simple. If you smuggle illegal aliens across our border, we will prosecute you. If you are smuggling a child, we will prosecute you. And that child will be separated from you, as required by law,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Immigration and Nationality Act says people can apply for asylum regardless of how they enter the country. Sessions said they will still have that right, but they will also be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys say many asylum-seekers who cross the border illegally do so because they were turned away at ports of entry, told that they are \"at capacity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit by Sessions and Thomas D. Homan, the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, was the latest in a series of appearances by Trump administration officials to tout a \"zero-tolerance\" stance against illegal immigration. Sessions' vow to step up prosecutions follows an earlier administration move to increase the number of immigration judges and prosecutors along the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/x6wcXuFr-j8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His remarks were briefly interrupted by a lone protester shouting through a bullhorn, calling Sessions \"evil,\" asking if he had a soul and why he would work for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are evil for what you do,\" shouted William Johnson as security led him away. \"Why are you here? Are you going to be separating families?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than a brief pause, Sessions largely ignored the remarks and continued speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Johnson told reporters he believed more people would have come to protest Sessions' visit if the location had been more accessible. He had to hike a few miles down the beach because Border Field State Park roads were flooded, and officials were providing vehicle transportation only for the press. He said he wanted Sessions to feel unwelcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is the chief law enforcement officer of racist policies, and he sued California for its sanctuary state laws. He's just not welcome here, period,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jeanguerre/status/993585974377496576\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions noted that the Department of Justice will send 35 prosecutors and 18 immigration judges to the Southwest, equating to a roughly 50 percent increase in the number of judges hearing asylum cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said Americans for decades have been \"pleading\" for tighter immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The American people are right and just and decent to ask for this. They are right to want a safe, secure border and a government that knows who is here and who isn't,\" he said. \"Donald Trump ran for office on that idea. I believe that is a big reason why he won. He is on fire about this. This entire government knows it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country \"cannot take everyone on Earth who is in a difficult situation,\" Sessions said, before referring to a Gallup Poll that indicated 150 million people around the world want to immigrate to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's obvious that we cannot take everyone who wants to come here without also hurting the interests of the citizens we are sworn to serve and protect. We have to have limits. And Congress has already set them,\" Sessions said. \"And if you want to change our laws, then pass a bill in Congress. Persuade your fellow citizens to your point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic National Committee denounced Sessions' comments and the Trump administration's immigration policy as an \"affront to our values as a nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This administration is set on tearing families apart, detaining immigrants without justification, leaving U.S.-born children without their parents and stoking fear in immigrant communities, all while siphoning off taxpayer dollars to fund a divisive and ineffective wall,\" according to a DNC statement. \"Attorney General Sessions continues to abuse his authority to expedite removals and deprive detained immigrants of legal counseling and due process, which further highlights this administration's hostility towards immigrant communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' trip marked the fourth time a high-ranking Trump official has visited the California-Mexico border region in recent months. Trump himself was in Otay Mesa in March to survey prototypes of the border wall, which was a cornerstone of his presidential campaign. On April 18, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen visited Calexico in Imperial County, where a replacement border barrier has been under construction since President Barack Obama's administration. Vice President Mike Pence visited Calexico last Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in the Imperial Valley, Pence spoke to Homeland Security and Border Patrol employees at the El Centro Border Patrol Station to discuss plans for the proposed wall and to call for tougher controls on immigration. He advocated ending migration based on family reunification and claimed that a highly publicized immigrant caravan of Central American asylum-seekers was \"undermining the laws of this country and the sovereignty of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' call for tougher immigration enforcement came a week after the caravan, with fewer than 200 migrants, arrived at the U.S. border in Tijuana following a roughly monthlong trek through Mexico. The members of the Pueblo Sin Fronteras caravan, which came under scrutiny when Trump began tweeting about it on Easter Sunday, have since begun the process of seeking asylum in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general previously spoke out about the caravan last week when federal prosecutors alleged that 11 of the immigrants had tried to cross the border illegally under the cover of darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When respect for the rule of law diminishes, so too does our ability to protect our great nation, its borders and its citizens,\" Sessions said last week. \"The United States will not stand by as our immigration laws are ignored and our nation's safety is jeopardized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"U.S. Attorney Adam Braverman and his team should be commended for quickly filing illegal entry charges for individuals apprehended along the southwestern border. We will continue to work with our partners in each U.S. attorney's office to aggressively pursue prosecutions of criminal illegal entry.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Attorney general was in San Diego Monday to announce a “zero tolerance” policy when it comes to illegal border crossings. He says the Department of Homeland Security will now refer 100 percent of those cases to the Department of Justice for prosecution.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Continuing an administration crackdown on illegal immigration, Attorney General Jeff Sessions warned during a visit to the San Diego border area Monday that anyone who sneaks into the country will be federally prosecuted, and if they bring children with them, those children will be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this will also apply to people who are seeking asylum in the U.S. if they enter the U.S. outside of designated ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you cross the border unlawfully, then we will prosecute you — it's that simple. If you smuggle illegal aliens across our border, we will prosecute you. If you are smuggling a child, we will prosecute you. And that child will be separated from you, as required by law,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Immigration and Nationality Act says people can apply for asylum regardless of how they enter the country. Sessions said they will still have that right, but they will also be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys say many asylum-seekers who cross the border illegally do so because they were turned away at ports of entry, told that they are \"at capacity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit by Sessions and Thomas D. Homan, the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, was the latest in a series of appearances by Trump administration officials to tout a \"zero-tolerance\" stance against illegal immigration. Sessions' vow to step up prosecutions follows an earlier administration move to increase the number of immigration judges and prosecutors along the border.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/x6wcXuFr-j8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/x6wcXuFr-j8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>His remarks were briefly interrupted by a lone protester shouting through a bullhorn, calling Sessions \"evil,\" asking if he had a soul and why he would work for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are evil for what you do,\" shouted William Johnson as security led him away. \"Why are you here? Are you going to be separating families?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than a brief pause, Sessions largely ignored the remarks and continued speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Johnson told reporters he believed more people would have come to protest Sessions' visit if the location had been more accessible. He had to hike a few miles down the beach because Border Field State Park roads were flooded, and officials were providing vehicle transportation only for the press. He said he wanted Sessions to feel unwelcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is the chief law enforcement officer of racist policies, and he sued California for its sanctuary state laws. He's just not welcome here, period,\" he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Sessions noted that the Department of Justice will send 35 prosecutors and 18 immigration judges to the Southwest, equating to a roughly 50 percent increase in the number of judges hearing asylum cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said Americans for decades have been \"pleading\" for tighter immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The American people are right and just and decent to ask for this. They are right to want a safe, secure border and a government that knows who is here and who isn't,\" he said. \"Donald Trump ran for office on that idea. I believe that is a big reason why he won. He is on fire about this. This entire government knows it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country \"cannot take everyone on Earth who is in a difficult situation,\" Sessions said, before referring to a Gallup Poll that indicated 150 million people around the world want to immigrate to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's obvious that we cannot take everyone who wants to come here without also hurting the interests of the citizens we are sworn to serve and protect. We have to have limits. And Congress has already set them,\" Sessions said. \"And if you want to change our laws, then pass a bill in Congress. Persuade your fellow citizens to your point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic National Committee denounced Sessions' comments and the Trump administration's immigration policy as an \"affront to our values as a nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This administration is set on tearing families apart, detaining immigrants without justification, leaving U.S.-born children without their parents and stoking fear in immigrant communities, all while siphoning off taxpayer dollars to fund a divisive and ineffective wall,\" according to a DNC statement. \"Attorney General Sessions continues to abuse his authority to expedite removals and deprive detained immigrants of legal counseling and due process, which further highlights this administration's hostility towards immigrant communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' trip marked the fourth time a high-ranking Trump official has visited the California-Mexico border region in recent months. Trump himself was in Otay Mesa in March to survey prototypes of the border wall, which was a cornerstone of his presidential campaign. On April 18, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen visited Calexico in Imperial County, where a replacement border barrier has been under construction since President Barack Obama's administration. Vice President Mike Pence visited Calexico last Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in the Imperial Valley, Pence spoke to Homeland Security and Border Patrol employees at the El Centro Border Patrol Station to discuss plans for the proposed wall and to call for tougher controls on immigration. He advocated ending migration based on family reunification and claimed that a highly publicized immigrant caravan of Central American asylum-seekers was \"undermining the laws of this country and the sovereignty of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' call for tougher immigration enforcement came a week after the caravan, with fewer than 200 migrants, arrived at the U.S. border in Tijuana following a roughly monthlong trek through Mexico. The members of the Pueblo Sin Fronteras caravan, which came under scrutiny when Trump began tweeting about it on Easter Sunday, have since begun the process of seeking asylum in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general previously spoke out about the caravan last week when federal prosecutors alleged that 11 of the immigrants had tried to cross the border illegally under the cover of darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When respect for the rule of law diminishes, so too does our ability to protect our great nation, its borders and its citizens,\" Sessions said last week. \"The United States will not stand by as our immigration laws are ignored and our nation's safety is jeopardized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Tijuana, Migrants Seeking Asylum in the U.S. Tell Harrowing Stories of Crisis",
"title": "In Tijuana, Migrants Seeking Asylum in the U.S. Tell Harrowing Stories of Crisis",
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"content": "\u003cp>Honduran Deana Quczada peels back her young daughter's black hair to reveal a deep scar on her forehead. She was beaten, Quczada says, six months ago as part of an apparent revenge attack on her family by gangs that Quczada's husband may have been mixed up with. When her daughter was released after spending a month in the hospital, Quczada immediately fled with her north in hopes of making it to the United States, where she could ask for political asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've heard that if you ask the U.S. for help, they will give it, she says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quczada, 36, made it all the way to Tijuana before being turned away by U.S. customs authorities at the San Ysidro border crossing, the busiest port of entry on the U.S. border with Mexico. In recent days, customs officials have told her and dozens of other migrants that the facility was too overwhelmed to begin processing would-be asylum seekers. The Border Patrol has called it a temporary situation. But Quczada is starting to lose hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had no other choice but to come here and we can't go back, Quczada says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family has spent several chilly and drizzly nights sleeping out on the square next to the border crossing. They had an offer to stay with a family friend on the Mexican side, but it's more than two hours from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quczada's is just one of many harrowing personal accounts you hear when you visit the encampment of asylum seekers, most from a highly publicized recent caravan from Central America. Lately, the small tent city has been transformed into something more akin to a small refugee camp, with volunteers streaming in from both sides of the border to donate clothing, food and other supplies as people wait to hear if they can get into the U.S. to be processed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/607483494/607483495\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Returning Home Is Not an Option\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the most recent caravan — there have been others like it in past years — is getting most of the attention from the Trump administration and the media, the fact is there were already many other migrants staying in Tijuana shelters for weeks, some much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Haitian Jean Stevenson Dorvil, who has been waiting to get in for six months, working the odd job in Tijuana when he can. He spent six additional months just getting here from Venezuela, where he had been living. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey overland through countries such as Colombia and Guatemala was dangerous at times, he says. Dorvil says he paid $1,000 just to get through Nicaragua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/img_6042_wide-fe54d12de991158c8aefd3eb17235bf031ad2d57-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jean Stevenson Dorvil, originally from Haiti, spent six months trying to reach Tijuana from Venezuela where he had been living. He hopes to be granted political asylum by the United States, but he's been waiting on the Mexican side for the past six months with no word from authorities of his fate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11665964\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jean Stevenson Dorvil, originally from Haiti, spent six months trying to reach Tijuana from Venezuela where he had been living. He hopes to be granted political asylum by the United States, but he's been waiting on the Mexican side for the past six months with no word from authorities of his fate. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Right now it is very difficult to live in Venezuela,\" Dorvil says. Basic things are extremely expensive and jobs are scarce. The situation in Haiti is even more bleak. He says if he is granted permission to live and work in the U.S., his life will improve. There are jobs there, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've got my family in Venezuela to help, my family in Haiti to help, every month I send them money,\" Dorvil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of people here, Dorvil says returning home is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last count, humanitarian aid workers here say at least 100 migrants from the caravan are still waiting on the plaza, and then there are the estimated dozens more like Dorvil who were already here. Since Sunday, U.S. Customs and Border Patrol officials confirm that 28 asylum seekers from the caravan itself have been admitted into the U.S. for processing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aid groups say some two dozen other migrants have been allowed into a more sheltered foyer at the border crossing so they don't have to camp outside in the cold. Their fate though, like those still outside, is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/img_6045_wide-11c3a06f78a8c7ac6b184a0e820cec7969991cf4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers pass out food and hot cocoa for migrants camped outside the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11665965\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers pass out food and hot cocoa for migrants camped outside the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aid workers and migrants have been under pressure by the Mexican authorities to remove their encampment and go to shelters. Whether police will actually enforce that rule soon is uncertain. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aid worker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/01/607483494/hundreds-of-asylum-seekers-still-waiting-at-u-s-border-in-tijuana\">told NPR\u003c/a> that usually migrants are not allowed to camp outside on the streets, but that police weren't moving them due to the presence of all the TV cameras and news crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/607303595/607303596\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump Administration's Messaging \u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-first-criminal-illegal-entry-prosecutions-suspected-caravan\">on Monday\u003c/a> the Justice Department announced criminal charges against 11 suspected members of the Central American caravan for trying to cross the border illegally a few miles west of the San Ysidro port near the ocean. The arrests began last Friday, and included six migrants from Honduras, two from El Salvador, two from Guatemala and one from Mexico. A number of these migrants were apprehended in larger groups trying to cross the border illegally — groups that included migrants from India, Mexico and other countries. It is unclear whether or not these other migrants were criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorney \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsslegal.com/ginger-jacobs/\">Ginger Jacobs\u003c/a> in San Diego said the criminal charges against the 11 migrants were \"highly unusual.\" Most people apprehended for illegal entry are turned around and expeditiously removed from the U.S., she explained. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These criminal charges are part of the Trump administration's messaging, she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are trying to dissuade future caravaners from attempting to come to the states\" to apply for asylum, Jacobs explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, she questioned whether these migrants were actually part of the caravan. Caravan participants were given extensive training in Mexico by human rights activists on how to apply for asylum, and were told repeatedly that if they tried to enter the U.S. illegally, they would be prosecuted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Tijuana%2C+Migrants+Seeking+Asylum+In+The+U.S.+Tell+Harrowing+Stories+Of+Crisis+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Honduran Deana Quczada peels back her young daughter's black hair to reveal a deep scar on her forehead. She was beaten, Quczada says, six months ago as part of an apparent revenge attack on her family by gangs that Quczada's husband may have been mixed up with. When her daughter was released after spending a month in the hospital, Quczada immediately fled with her north in hopes of making it to the United States, where she could ask for political asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've heard that if you ask the U.S. for help, they will give it, she says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quczada, 36, made it all the way to Tijuana before being turned away by U.S. customs authorities at the San Ysidro border crossing, the busiest port of entry on the U.S. border with Mexico. In recent days, customs officials have told her and dozens of other migrants that the facility was too overwhelmed to begin processing would-be asylum seekers. The Border Patrol has called it a temporary situation. But Quczada is starting to lose hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had no other choice but to come here and we can't go back, Quczada says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family has spent several chilly and drizzly nights sleeping out on the square next to the border crossing. They had an offer to stay with a family friend on the Mexican side, but it's more than two hours from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quczada's is just one of many harrowing personal accounts you hear when you visit the encampment of asylum seekers, most from a highly publicized recent caravan from Central America. Lately, the small tent city has been transformed into something more akin to a small refugee camp, with volunteers streaming in from both sides of the border to donate clothing, food and other supplies as people wait to hear if they can get into the U.S. to be processed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/607483494/607483495\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Returning Home Is Not an Option\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the most recent caravan — there have been others like it in past years — is getting most of the attention from the Trump administration and the media, the fact is there were already many other migrants staying in Tijuana shelters for weeks, some much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Haitian Jean Stevenson Dorvil, who has been waiting to get in for six months, working the odd job in Tijuana when he can. He spent six additional months just getting here from Venezuela, where he had been living. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey overland through countries such as Colombia and Guatemala was dangerous at times, he says. Dorvil says he paid $1,000 just to get through Nicaragua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/img_6042_wide-fe54d12de991158c8aefd3eb17235bf031ad2d57-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jean Stevenson Dorvil, originally from Haiti, spent six months trying to reach Tijuana from Venezuela where he had been living. He hopes to be granted political asylum by the United States, but he's been waiting on the Mexican side for the past six months with no word from authorities of his fate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11665964\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jean Stevenson Dorvil, originally from Haiti, spent six months trying to reach Tijuana from Venezuela where he had been living. He hopes to be granted political asylum by the United States, but he's been waiting on the Mexican side for the past six months with no word from authorities of his fate. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Right now it is very difficult to live in Venezuela,\" Dorvil says. Basic things are extremely expensive and jobs are scarce. The situation in Haiti is even more bleak. He says if he is granted permission to live and work in the U.S., his life will improve. There are jobs there, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've got my family in Venezuela to help, my family in Haiti to help, every month I send them money,\" Dorvil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of people here, Dorvil says returning home is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last count, humanitarian aid workers here say at least 100 migrants from the caravan are still waiting on the plaza, and then there are the estimated dozens more like Dorvil who were already here. Since Sunday, U.S. Customs and Border Patrol officials confirm that 28 asylum seekers from the caravan itself have been admitted into the U.S. for processing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aid groups say some two dozen other migrants have been allowed into a more sheltered foyer at the border crossing so they don't have to camp outside in the cold. Their fate though, like those still outside, is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/img_6045_wide-11c3a06f78a8c7ac6b184a0e820cec7969991cf4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers pass out food and hot cocoa for migrants camped outside the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11665965\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers pass out food and hot cocoa for migrants camped outside the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aid workers and migrants have been under pressure by the Mexican authorities to remove their encampment and go to shelters. Whether police will actually enforce that rule soon is uncertain. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aid worker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/01/607483494/hundreds-of-asylum-seekers-still-waiting-at-u-s-border-in-tijuana\">told NPR\u003c/a> that usually migrants are not allowed to camp outside on the streets, but that police weren't moving them due to the presence of all the TV cameras and news crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/607303595/607303596\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump Administration's Messaging \u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-first-criminal-illegal-entry-prosecutions-suspected-caravan\">on Monday\u003c/a> the Justice Department announced criminal charges against 11 suspected members of the Central American caravan for trying to cross the border illegally a few miles west of the San Ysidro port near the ocean. The arrests began last Friday, and included six migrants from Honduras, two from El Salvador, two from Guatemala and one from Mexico. A number of these migrants were apprehended in larger groups trying to cross the border illegally — groups that included migrants from India, Mexico and other countries. It is unclear whether or not these other migrants were criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorney \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsslegal.com/ginger-jacobs/\">Ginger Jacobs\u003c/a> in San Diego said the criminal charges against the 11 migrants were \"highly unusual.\" Most people apprehended for illegal entry are turned around and expeditiously removed from the U.S., she explained. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These criminal charges are part of the Trump administration's messaging, she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are trying to dissuade future caravaners from attempting to come to the states\" to apply for asylum, Jacobs explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, she questioned whether these migrants were actually part of the caravan. Caravan participants were given extensive training in Mexico by human rights activists on how to apply for asylum, and were told repeatedly that if they tried to enter the U.S. illegally, they would be prosecuted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Tijuana%2C+Migrants+Seeking+Asylum+In+The+U.S.+Tell+Harrowing+Stories+Of+Crisis+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>About 200 Central American asylum seekers are waiting for a second day to turn themselves in to border inspectors after U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Kevin McAleenan said \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecapacity\">San Diego’s San Ysidro border crossing facility had “reached capacity.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. border officials issued a statement on Monday saying they did not have an estimate when the San Diego crossing would be accepting new asylum applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caravan of asylum seekers, fleeing gangs, violence, political persecution and at one time numbering over 1,000 people, left Mexico’s border with Guatemala on March 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of migrants dwindled to around 200 by the time they arrived at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following reports of the asylum seeking “caravan” on Fox News, President Trump and the administration began \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/02/598781060/trumps-tweets-on-caravans-crossing-the-border-annotated\">directing more attention\u003c/a> to immigration, a border wall and deploying the National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen thanked Gov. Jerry Brown Wednesday night for \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecaguard\">California's planned National Guard deployment\u003c/a>. But President Trump tweeted Thursday morning that the \"Federal Government will not be paying for Governor Brown's charade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/986994992177561600\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Gov. Brown announced the California National Guard would be providing up to 400 Guard members to \"supplement the staffing of its ongoing program to combat transnational crime,\" Trump initially tweeted his thanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/984372760230154241?lang=en\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has since tweeted multiple times criticizing Gov. Brown for insisting that the California National Guard not enforce immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite recent presidential tweets and contradictory messaging from the Trump administration, the Pentagon confirmed that the deployment will be funded.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 2:10 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California has reached an agreement with the federal government that the state's National Guard troops will deploy to the border to focus on fighting transnational gangs as well as drug and gun smugglers, Gov. Jerry Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement Wednesday came after a week of uncertainty in which President Trump bashed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662612/california-rejects-border-duties-for-troops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the governor's insistence that troops avoid immigration-related work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen wrote on Twitter that final details were still being worked out \"but we are looking forward to the support.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SecNielsen/status/986786996633919488\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he secured federal funding for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661626/california-to-join-guard-border-mission-but-with-conditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">terms similar to those outlined in last week's proposed contract\u003c/a>: The Guard cannot handle custody duties for anyone accused of immigration violations, build border barriers or have anything to do with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials refused to sign the proposal because they said it was outside established protocol for the Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's office said Wednesday that the previous contract was unnecessary after he secured federal funding for his goals. Brown spokesman Evan Westrup said the exact cost has not been determined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some troops may be deployed this month and are expected to stay until at least Sept. 30, Brown said. Members of the contingent will be assigned to all parts of the state, not just the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown elicited rare and effusive praise from Trump last week when he pledged 400 troops, which helped put the president above the lower end of his threshold of marshaling 2,000 to 4,000 troops for his border mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials said Monday that Brown refused to commit California Guard troops to some initial jobs that were similar to assignments for National Guard troops from the three other Mexico border states — Arizona, New Mexico and Texas — all governed by Republicans. Trump bashed Brown's position two days in a row, even as the governor said a deal was near.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a little bit of back and forth, as you always get with bureaucrats but I think we can find common understanding here,\" Brown said Tuesday in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"There's enough problems at the border and the interface between our countries that California will have plenty to do — and we're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielsen, appearing alongside Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey to thank him for contributing 440 troops, said Wednesday there were 1,000 troops deployed for the border mission and that number is growing. She said they were performing aerial surveillance and vehicle repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted this morning that Brown's deployment of troops will \"do nothing\" and that \"the Federal Government will not be paying for Governor Brown's charade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/986994992177561600\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, later in the day, the California National Guard said it received written confirmation from the Pentagon that it will continue to fund the deployment and that nothing has changed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 2:10 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California has reached an agreement with the federal government that the state's National Guard troops will deploy to the border to focus on fighting transnational gangs as well as drug and gun smugglers, Gov. Jerry Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement Wednesday came after a week of uncertainty in which President Trump bashed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662612/california-rejects-border-duties-for-troops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the governor's insistence that troops avoid immigration-related work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen wrote on Twitter that final details were still being worked out \"but we are looking forward to the support.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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