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"content": "\u003cp>Residents of an exclusive San Francisco neighborhood who failed to pay taxes on their private, gated street for two decades got the street back Tuesday after supervisors voted to rescind the sale of the tax-defaulted property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors split 7-4 on the move, with those in favor saying residents of Presidio Terrace had not received enough notice before their sidewalks, street and common areas were sold at auction in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Mark Farrell, who represents the district, said it was not good policy to allow out-of-town land \"speculators\" to swoop in on law-abiding property owners who simply did not know they owed tax on their street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed the homeowners' due process rights were violated when the tax collector sent tax bills to an outdated address. The association had failed to update its mailing address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look to the Constitution and deprivation of property and taking of property from individuals, I think that is a high standard that hasn't been met here,\" Supervisor Katy Tang added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Hillary Ronen voted against reversing the sale, saying homeowners had defaulted before and should have been on notice.\u003cbr>\nShe agreed that most people did not expect to pay taxes on the sidewalk in front of their house but pointed out that most people don't have a private street in front of their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did the treasurer act unreasonably? I don't think so, and should we give a second bite of the apple to these homeowners when most people don't get that?\" she said. \"I don't think so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is unprecedented in San Francisco, although supervisors in other California counties have reversed sales as allowed under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oval-shaped street in upscale Presidio Heights is lined with leafy palms, lush landscaping and multimillion-dollar mansions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous residents of the gated neighborhood include U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi and U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, who wrote a letter that accused the city of bureaucratic bungling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current residents lined up Tuesday to plead their case, saying they were regular, hard-working San Franciscans who had faithfully paid taxes on their homes and simply didn't know about the separate tax lot. The British consul general in San Francisco lives in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The residents cheered when the vote was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor Tina Lam had bought the street, its sidewalks and common areas for a mere $90,000 at an auction in 2015 after the Presidio Terrace Association failed to pay property taxes on it for two decades. The annual tax bills of $14 and auction notice were sent to an outdated address that the association failed to update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners learned about the sale earlier this year and petitioned the board for a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Treasurer Jose Cisneros said he followed the rules and that there was no indication that the property, listed as a vacant lot, was attached to residences. Otherwise, he said, his office would have reached out to homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the second time the association has defaulted, but it won back the street in 1985 after paying up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepard Kopp, attorney for the buyer, said in a statement he was disappointed in the supervisors who sided with the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly, the seven members of the Board who voted to rescind this sale have demonstrated that you get a different standard of government in San Francisco if you are rich and politically connected,\" he wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision was wrong and this battle is not over.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Board of Supervisors split 7-4 on the move, with those in favor saying residents of Presidio Terrace had not received enough notice before their sidewalks, street and common areas were sold at auction in 2015.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Residents of an exclusive San Francisco neighborhood who failed to pay taxes on their private, gated street for two decades got the street back Tuesday after supervisors voted to rescind the sale of the tax-defaulted property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors split 7-4 on the move, with those in favor saying residents of Presidio Terrace had not received enough notice before their sidewalks, street and common areas were sold at auction in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Mark Farrell, who represents the district, said it was not good policy to allow out-of-town land \"speculators\" to swoop in on law-abiding property owners who simply did not know they owed tax on their street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed the homeowners' due process rights were violated when the tax collector sent tax bills to an outdated address. The association had failed to update its mailing address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look to the Constitution and deprivation of property and taking of property from individuals, I think that is a high standard that hasn't been met here,\" Supervisor Katy Tang added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Hillary Ronen voted against reversing the sale, saying homeowners had defaulted before and should have been on notice.\u003cbr>\nShe agreed that most people did not expect to pay taxes on the sidewalk in front of their house but pointed out that most people don't have a private street in front of their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did the treasurer act unreasonably? I don't think so, and should we give a second bite of the apple to these homeowners when most people don't get that?\" she said. \"I don't think so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is unprecedented in San Francisco, although supervisors in other California counties have reversed sales as allowed under state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oval-shaped street in upscale Presidio Heights is lined with leafy palms, lush landscaping and multimillion-dollar mansions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous residents of the gated neighborhood include U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi and U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, who wrote a letter that accused the city of bureaucratic bungling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current residents lined up Tuesday to plead their case, saying they were regular, hard-working San Franciscans who had faithfully paid taxes on their homes and simply didn't know about the separate tax lot. The British consul general in San Francisco lives in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The residents cheered when the vote was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor Tina Lam had bought the street, its sidewalks and common areas for a mere $90,000 at an auction in 2015 after the Presidio Terrace Association failed to pay property taxes on it for two decades. The annual tax bills of $14 and auction notice were sent to an outdated address that the association failed to update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners learned about the sale earlier this year and petitioned the board for a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Treasurer Jose Cisneros said he followed the rules and that there was no indication that the property, listed as a vacant lot, was attached to residences. Otherwise, he said, his office would have reached out to homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the second time the association has defaulted, but it won back the street in 1985 after paying up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepard Kopp, attorney for the buyer, said in a statement he was disappointed in the supervisors who sided with the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly, the seven members of the Board who voted to rescind this sale have demonstrated that you get a different standard of government in San Francisco if you are rich and politically connected,\" he wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision was wrong and this battle is not over.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What New Jobs? California Program to Entice Hiring Falls Short",
"title": "What New Jobs? California Program to Entice Hiring Falls Short",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched his signature program to boost California jobs by awarding tax credits to the businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of those available credits unclaimed—a sign that most expected jobs have yet to materialize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the state say for sure how many of the administration’s 83,414 projected jobs over five years have actually been created. State offices responsible for awarding and monitoring the California Competes tax credits say they aren’t keeping count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an independent analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">warns\u003c/a> that some of the governor’s incentives that have been put to use may inadvertently be picking winners and losers within California. The state has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as hair stylists, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration spokesman Sid Voorakkara said the governor stands by California Competes, calling the program a “vital tool to support businesses.” Asked why more companies aren’t taking advantage of the tax credit, Voorakkara said it may be too early to tell because businesses have five years to meet their hiring targets, and there may be tax advantages for waiting to claim the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One economic development expert, however, said he doesn’t expect the claim rate to improve any time soon, given that businesses have been doing brisk hiring these past few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t expect the early results that we’ve seen are just a matter of the program not being a full implementation,” said Micah Weinberg, president of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a think tank focused on economic issues facing Silicon Valley. “I think the results that we’ve seen are the nature of the results we should expect from that program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two-thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Competes program was launched in 2014 to help California businesses stay in the state and grow by offering variable amounts of tax credit, based on the number of full-time jobs they create and how much a company seeks. Credits vary but typically amount to several thousand dollars per new job. So far, the Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) has awarded $622.8 million to 865 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GO-Biz touts the program as projected to create 83,414 jobs the next several years but the Franchise Tax Board, the state entity responsible for reviewing awards, isn’t tracking the number of new jobs. Tax board spokesman Jacob Roper said publishing a job-creation tally at this stage “wouldn’t necessarily capture all the successful milestones of the program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps it would benefit everyone if we had some aggregation so we can evaluate how effective the program is,” said Assemblyman Jay Obernolte, R-Big Bear Lake, vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jobs program was authorized with bipartisan support in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18137&l=ri\">2013\u003c/a> as part of an overhaul of the state’s economic development strategy. California eliminated a three-decade-old enterprise zone program after finding it simply shifted jobs from one part of the state to another without creating a net increase in jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state replaced it with three economic programs, including California Competes, to improve the state’s business climate, which despite robust growth was recently ranked 28th in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/11/americas-top-states-for-business-2017-overall-ranking.html\">CNBC\u003c/a> state-by-state scorecard. In addition to California Competes, the Legislature authorized a sales tax exemption on manufacturing and research and development equipment, and hiring credits for businesses in areas with high unemployment and poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market. \u003ccite>(PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, a lot of California businesses appear to be having a hard time using Brown’s economic development program. Of the $50 million that was available to be used in 2014 and 2015, the tax board reported 377 companies claimed just \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/CCCReportMarch2017.pdf\">$15.7 million\u003c/a>—less than a third of the credit eligible to be claimed for those years. The amount is low compared to the total handed out because the program was just being launched and the credits are spread out over several years. Information wasn’t yet available for the 2016 tax year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature’s nonpartisan fiscal analyst finds that low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the terms of the tax credit agreements, we anticipated somewhat larger amounts,” wrote the Legislative Analyst’s Office in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">review\u003c/a>. Either businesses haven’t hit their hiring targets or they are deliberately carrying the credit forward to claim on taxes later. The law allows businesses to carry the remaining amount forward for five tax years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business owners say the credit isn’t big enough and should have asked for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Pentecost, owner of Sac Surface Pro, a tile cleaning service in the Sacramento area, applied for the credit and was awarded $30,000 back in April 2015. The award was handed out on the condition that he add three full-time workers within the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His tax credit works out to $6,000 a year, which he says isn’t enough of an incentive to hire; small businesses often struggle to pay salary, workers comp and employment taxes that can add up to more than $75,000 per worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest with you, I haven’t been able to take advantage of it at this point,” Pentecost said. “All it is at this point is a little more of a negative for me because I spent a lot of time setting this up and now that I actually signed up for it, I have to submit paperwork every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he hopes to use at least some of the credit before it runs out. He recently hired two employees and is in the process of training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some large companies say they have quickly met or exceeded their hiring targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/\">Amazon\u003c/a>, the online retailing giant, was awarded nearly $1.6 million in tax credits for adding 1,550 jobs at warehouse and distribution centers in Moreno Valley, Tracy, Newark and San Bernardino. An Amazon spokesman said it has hired more workers than promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.northropgrumman.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Northrop Grumman\u003c/a>, the state’s largest aerospace employer, can claim $10 million for adding 1,359 jobs in Southern California. Northrop spokesman Tim Paynter said the aircraft manufacturer also expects to use all its credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hiring and growing, companies such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> may not have had a chance to claim its $15 million credit because the premium electric car maker has reported only a few quarters of profitability. The program is structured so that the credits are used to offset taxes owed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eWGjAAAx8sz8sqRDd9usHzgkGjOLnzNh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 21 businesses, including IBM, Honeywell and Novartis Pharmaceutical, have decided not to use their credits. Voorakkara, a spokesman for GO-Biz, said companies can end their agreements if the company isn’t growing fast enough, gets sold, goes out of business or changes its business plan. The state can choose to award those unused credits to other employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that when businesses contemplate creating new hiring positions, they take into account many factors, including access to market, workforce, transportation and even the quality of schools. People shouldn’t expect too much from tax incentives, said Weinberg of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Competes tax incentive is a fine arrow to have in our quiver, but we also need to be very realistic about the extent to which incentives are a big part of siting decisions,” Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst says the governor’s economic development program could do a better job of increasing economic activity in the state by limiting the tax credits to employers that export goods and services outside California. That would help avoid the risk that the state is picking winners at the expense of their local competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obernolte, the Republican lawmaker, said he would support such a change when California Competes comes up for reauthorization. The program was authorized for 10 years and will expire in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brown administration says it’s open to suggestions but wants to make sure small businesses retain access to tax credits. GO-Biz has conducted more than 200 in-person and online workshops since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rU6oBnCtyLSw7VCUsoIBDZPKnFfjwW4L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that the needs of regional economies vary, the program is accessible to small businesses that address local needs and also to businesses that operate at the national and international level,” Voorakkara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, even the few California small businesses that bothered to go through the application and annual reporting process haven’t necessarily used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niko Pikios, owner of Midtown Autoworks in Sacramento, said he hasn’t claimed any of the $45,000 tax credit approved back in January 2015 simply because he hasn’t found the right mechanic for his shop, which specializes in Porsches and Mercedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having a hard time finding somebody with the skill set that we need,” Pikios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a nonpartisan, nonprofit media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Four years after Gov. Brown launched a program to boost jobs by awarding tax credits to businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of available credits unclaimed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched his signature program to boost California jobs by awarding tax credits to the businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of those available credits unclaimed—a sign that most expected jobs have yet to materialize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the state say for sure how many of the administration’s 83,414 projected jobs over five years have actually been created. State offices responsible for awarding and monitoring the California Competes tax credits say they aren’t keeping count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an independent analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">warns\u003c/a> that some of the governor’s incentives that have been put to use may inadvertently be picking winners and losers within California. The state has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as hair stylists, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration spokesman Sid Voorakkara said the governor stands by California Competes, calling the program a “vital tool to support businesses.” Asked why more companies aren’t taking advantage of the tax credit, Voorakkara said it may be too early to tell because businesses have five years to meet their hiring targets, and there may be tax advantages for waiting to claim the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One economic development expert, however, said he doesn’t expect the claim rate to improve any time soon, given that businesses have been doing brisk hiring these past few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t expect the early results that we’ve seen are just a matter of the program not being a full implementation,” said Micah Weinberg, president of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a think tank focused on economic issues facing Silicon Valley. “I think the results that we’ve seen are the nature of the results we should expect from that program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two-thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Competes program was launched in 2014 to help California businesses stay in the state and grow by offering variable amounts of tax credit, based on the number of full-time jobs they create and how much a company seeks. Credits vary but typically amount to several thousand dollars per new job. So far, the Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) has awarded $622.8 million to 865 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GO-Biz touts the program as projected to create 83,414 jobs the next several years but the Franchise Tax Board, the state entity responsible for reviewing awards, isn’t tracking the number of new jobs. Tax board spokesman Jacob Roper said publishing a job-creation tally at this stage “wouldn’t necessarily capture all the successful milestones of the program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps it would benefit everyone if we had some aggregation so we can evaluate how effective the program is,” said Assemblyman Jay Obernolte, R-Big Bear Lake, vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jobs program was authorized with bipartisan support in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18137&l=ri\">2013\u003c/a> as part of an overhaul of the state’s economic development strategy. California eliminated a three-decade-old enterprise zone program after finding it simply shifted jobs from one part of the state to another without creating a net increase in jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state replaced it with three economic programs, including California Competes, to improve the state’s business climate, which despite robust growth was recently ranked 28th in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/11/americas-top-states-for-business-2017-overall-ranking.html\">CNBC\u003c/a> state-by-state scorecard. In addition to California Competes, the Legislature authorized a sales tax exemption on manufacturing and research and development equipment, and hiring credits for businesses in areas with high unemployment and poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market. \u003ccite>(PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, a lot of California businesses appear to be having a hard time using Brown’s economic development program. Of the $50 million that was available to be used in 2014 and 2015, the tax board reported 377 companies claimed just \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/CCCReportMarch2017.pdf\">$15.7 million\u003c/a>—less than a third of the credit eligible to be claimed for those years. The amount is low compared to the total handed out because the program was just being launched and the credits are spread out over several years. Information wasn’t yet available for the 2016 tax year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature’s nonpartisan fiscal analyst finds that low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the terms of the tax credit agreements, we anticipated somewhat larger amounts,” wrote the Legislative Analyst’s Office in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">review\u003c/a>. Either businesses haven’t hit their hiring targets or they are deliberately carrying the credit forward to claim on taxes later. The law allows businesses to carry the remaining amount forward for five tax years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business owners say the credit isn’t big enough and should have asked for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Pentecost, owner of Sac Surface Pro, a tile cleaning service in the Sacramento area, applied for the credit and was awarded $30,000 back in April 2015. The award was handed out on the condition that he add three full-time workers within the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His tax credit works out to $6,000 a year, which he says isn’t enough of an incentive to hire; small businesses often struggle to pay salary, workers comp and employment taxes that can add up to more than $75,000 per worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest with you, I haven’t been able to take advantage of it at this point,” Pentecost said. “All it is at this point is a little more of a negative for me because I spent a lot of time setting this up and now that I actually signed up for it, I have to submit paperwork every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he hopes to use at least some of the credit before it runs out. He recently hired two employees and is in the process of training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some large companies say they have quickly met or exceeded their hiring targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/\">Amazon\u003c/a>, the online retailing giant, was awarded nearly $1.6 million in tax credits for adding 1,550 jobs at warehouse and distribution centers in Moreno Valley, Tracy, Newark and San Bernardino. An Amazon spokesman said it has hired more workers than promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.northropgrumman.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Northrop Grumman\u003c/a>, the state’s largest aerospace employer, can claim $10 million for adding 1,359 jobs in Southern California. Northrop spokesman Tim Paynter said the aircraft manufacturer also expects to use all its credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hiring and growing, companies such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> may not have had a chance to claim its $15 million credit because the premium electric car maker has reported only a few quarters of profitability. The program is structured so that the credits are used to offset taxes owed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 21 businesses, including IBM, Honeywell and Novartis Pharmaceutical, have decided not to use their credits. Voorakkara, a spokesman for GO-Biz, said companies can end their agreements if the company isn’t growing fast enough, gets sold, goes out of business or changes its business plan. The state can choose to award those unused credits to other employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that when businesses contemplate creating new hiring positions, they take into account many factors, including access to market, workforce, transportation and even the quality of schools. People shouldn’t expect too much from tax incentives, said Weinberg of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Competes tax incentive is a fine arrow to have in our quiver, but we also need to be very realistic about the extent to which incentives are a big part of siting decisions,” Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst says the governor’s economic development program could do a better job of increasing economic activity in the state by limiting the tax credits to employers that export goods and services outside California. That would help avoid the risk that the state is picking winners at the expense of their local competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obernolte, the Republican lawmaker, said he would support such a change when California Competes comes up for reauthorization. The program was authorized for 10 years and will expire in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brown administration says it’s open to suggestions but wants to make sure small businesses retain access to tax credits. GO-Biz has conducted more than 200 in-person and online workshops since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that the needs of regional economies vary, the program is accessible to small businesses that address local needs and also to businesses that operate at the national and international level,” Voorakkara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, even the few California small businesses that bothered to go through the application and annual reporting process haven’t necessarily used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niko Pikios, owner of Midtown Autoworks in Sacramento, said he hasn’t claimed any of the $45,000 tax credit approved back in January 2015 simply because he hasn’t found the right mechanic for his shop, which specializes in Porsches and Mercedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having a hard time finding somebody with the skill set that we need,” Pikios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "October Fires' 44th Victim: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With 'the Kindest Heart'",
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"headTitle": "October Fires’ 44th Victim: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With ‘the Kindest Heart’ | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Michel Azarian, 41, died Sunday at UC Davis Medical Center from extensive burns he suffered when the Tubbs Fire trapped him outside his home on the outskirts of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the 44th person to have died as a result of the October wildfires that devastated huge swaths of the North Bay and other Northern California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew him describe Azarian as a natural engineer — his mind was the right mix of creative and analytical. His talents brought him from tragedy in war-torn Lebanon to the United States, Silicon Valley and eventually Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s father and uncle were killed in the mid-1980s during the Lebanese civil war, his friend Khachik Papanyan said in a phone interview Tuesday. The family business was destroyed in a bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian helped his mother rebuild and worked in a shop selling bedding in his hometown of Zahle, Lebanon, but he dreamed of attending the American University of Beirut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out the only way he’d have a shot at getting in was an exceptionally high SAT score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a smart enough guy where he was able to get an amazing score on the test and get admitted,” Papanyan said. “However, that wasn’t enough. They didn’t have enough funds to cover the tuition for the first year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian sold land left to him by his father, invested, and sold again, eventually generating enough money to cover his first year’s tuition. He majored in electrical engineering and started earning scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Azarian was recruited to work for National Instruments in Austin, Texas, where he met Papanyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to an event, actually a lecture about Greek architecture, and somehow I think I asked a question related to Armenia,” Papanyan said. Azarian, whose father was Armenian, approached Papanyan after the lecture. “That’s how we struck our friendship in Austin, and we’ve been best friends since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian spent eight years in Austin, designing radio technology and other wireless circuitry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was extremely gifted when it came to problem-solving,” said Papanyan, who worked for Dell at the time. “The regular puzzles it would take me a day to solve, he could solve it in the blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of work, Azarian’s passions led him away from circuit boards and into nature. Papanyan said his friend was elated when he got a new job — for Linear Technology — and moved to San Jose in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He loved to travel. He loved photography. He loved hiking quite a bit,” Papanyan said. He added that Azarian told him he’d hiked almost every weekend in Silicon Valley and “never had to repeat a trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he left a community of friends in Texas, including one associated with the Armenian Church of Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of you who had the pleasure of knowing Michel, he had the kindest heart and an incredible lust for life,” wrote Mihran Aroian, parish council chairman for the church, in an announcement of Azarian’s death. “He was also an active globetrotter and a brilliant photographer. He had a robust appreciation both for the quiet beauty in nature along with fun adventures and laughter with friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/michelazarian/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram feed\u003c/a> contains a mix of landscape photography, vibrant natural close-ups and some urban/architectural shots. Papanyan said the bulk of Azarian’s photos are believed to have been stored on his home computer, destroyed in the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BYH4U11F9tM/?taken-by=michelazarian\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to Santa Rosa about two years ago, Papanyan said, and took a new job with Keysight Technologies there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papanyan said he wasn’t sure whether Azarian was at home on Oct. 8, the night the fires hit Santa Rosa, or if he was outdoors and trapped by the wind-whipped wall of flames that roared across the hills from Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, he couldn’t get out, and appears to have tried to take shelter in a small clearing near his home. That’s where he was discovered the next day, with severe burns on more than half his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing that he was able to survive the whole night being surrounded by the firestorm,” Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus began some six weeks of hospital visits to Azarian’s bedside at the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. Azarian couldn’t talk — his throat was blocked by a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way he could communicate was with his hand,” Papanyan said. “He would actually write out the letters and we would try to decode what he was saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family friend went to Lebanon to bring Azarian’s mother to his bedside. She had been with him for the past few weeks, Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keysight Technologies helped support his mother’s room and travel, according to friends, and high-ranking executives who joined her in Azarian’s hospital room many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He died Sunday, according to information from Cal Fire, UC Davis Medical Center and the Sacramento County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an intelligent, fun-loving, nature-loving guy that always had a broad smile on his face, was always there for his friends,” Papanyan said. “He’s now in the heavens, and he will be with us in our memories forever. It was an honor, a great honor, knowing him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> A sortable list of the 44 people identified as having died as a result of the October fires in Northern California . To access links, right click (Windows) or control click (Mac OS X):\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-gZjIF\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gZjIF/19/\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important;\" height=\"1680\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michel Azarian, 41, died Sunday at UC Davis Medical Center from extensive burns he suffered when the Tubbs Fire trapped him outside his home on the outskirts of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the 44th person to have died as a result of the October wildfires that devastated huge swaths of the North Bay and other Northern California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew him describe Azarian as a natural engineer — his mind was the right mix of creative and analytical. His talents brought him from tragedy in war-torn Lebanon to the United States, Silicon Valley and eventually Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s father and uncle were killed in the mid-1980s during the Lebanese civil war, his friend Khachik Papanyan said in a phone interview Tuesday. The family business was destroyed in a bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian helped his mother rebuild and worked in a shop selling bedding in his hometown of Zahle, Lebanon, but he dreamed of attending the American University of Beirut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out the only way he’d have a shot at getting in was an exceptionally high SAT score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a smart enough guy where he was able to get an amazing score on the test and get admitted,” Papanyan said. “However, that wasn’t enough. They didn’t have enough funds to cover the tuition for the first year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian sold land left to him by his father, invested, and sold again, eventually generating enough money to cover his first year’s tuition. He majored in electrical engineering and started earning scholarships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Azarian was recruited to work for National Instruments in Austin, Texas, where he met Papanyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to an event, actually a lecture about Greek architecture, and somehow I think I asked a question related to Armenia,” Papanyan said. Azarian, whose father was Armenian, approached Papanyan after the lecture. “That’s how we struck our friendship in Austin, and we’ve been best friends since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian spent eight years in Austin, designing radio technology and other wireless circuitry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was extremely gifted when it came to problem-solving,” said Papanyan, who worked for Dell at the time. “The regular puzzles it would take me a day to solve, he could solve it in the blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of work, Azarian’s passions led him away from circuit boards and into nature. Papanyan said his friend was elated when he got a new job — for Linear Technology — and moved to San Jose in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He loved to travel. He loved photography. He loved hiking quite a bit,” Papanyan said. He added that Azarian told him he’d hiked almost every weekend in Silicon Valley and “never had to repeat a trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he left a community of friends in Texas, including one associated with the Armenian Church of Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of you who had the pleasure of knowing Michel, he had the kindest heart and an incredible lust for life,” wrote Mihran Aroian, parish council chairman for the church, in an announcement of Azarian’s death. “He was also an active globetrotter and a brilliant photographer. He had a robust appreciation both for the quiet beauty in nature along with fun adventures and laughter with friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azarian’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/michelazarian/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram feed\u003c/a> contains a mix of landscape photography, vibrant natural close-ups and some urban/architectural shots. Papanyan said the bulk of Azarian’s photos are believed to have been stored on his home computer, destroyed in the fire.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He moved to Santa Rosa about two years ago, Papanyan said, and took a new job with Keysight Technologies there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papanyan said he wasn’t sure whether Azarian was at home on Oct. 8, the night the fires hit Santa Rosa, or if he was outdoors and trapped by the wind-whipped wall of flames that roared across the hills from Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, he couldn’t get out, and appears to have tried to take shelter in a small clearing near his home. That’s where he was discovered the next day, with severe burns on more than half his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing that he was able to survive the whole night being surrounded by the firestorm,” Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus began some six weeks of hospital visits to Azarian’s bedside at the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. Azarian couldn’t talk — his throat was blocked by a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way he could communicate was with his hand,” Papanyan said. “He would actually write out the letters and we would try to decode what he was saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family friend went to Lebanon to bring Azarian’s mother to his bedside. She had been with him for the past few weeks, Papanyan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keysight Technologies helped support his mother’s room and travel, according to friends, and high-ranking executives who joined her in Azarian’s hospital room many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He died Sunday, according to information from Cal Fire, UC Davis Medical Center and the Sacramento County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an intelligent, fun-loving, nature-loving guy that always had a broad smile on his face, was always there for his friends,” Papanyan said. “He’s now in the heavens, and he will be with us in our memories forever. It was an honor, a great honor, knowing him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> A sortable list of the 44 people identified as having died as a result of the October fires in Northern California . To access links, right click (Windows) or control click (Mac OS X):\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-gZjIF\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gZjIF/19/\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important;\" height=\"1680\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster",
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"content": "\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YVRKeVHRwPaovC2VxmUgK3PIxKAyVlyu\"]In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There is now a host of companies that will send meals and produce to your doorstep with just the click of a button. But with all the new options, fewer people are ordering boxes of fruits and vegetables straight from farmers like Paul Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill built \u003ca href=\"http://terrafirmafarm.com/\">his Terra Firma Farm in Yolo County\u003c/a> on the CSA, or community-supported agriculture, model. In a CSA, subscribers — mostly middle-class urbanites — buy memberships and then farmers ship them boxes of produce. There are no middlemen. The money goes directly from the consumers to farmers like Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill said the CSA model allowed him to avoid loans and eventually buy his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically like the 20th-century farming equivalent of a funding website,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/11/HarnettCommSuppAgriculture.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/11/28/CSABox.jpg\" Title=\"Local CSA Farmers Struggle to Compete Against Meal Kit Services\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.justfood.org/csa/history\">CSAs got started\u003c/a> in Japan and Europe in the ’60s, and by the ’80s they had made their way to the United States. CSAs were embraced by small farmers as a way to stay in business as mega-farms continued to push down wholesale produce prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There is now a host of companies that will send meals and produce to your doorstep with just the click of a button. But with all the new options, fewer people are ordering boxes of fruits and vegetables straight from farmers like Paul Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill built \u003ca href=\"http://terrafirmafarm.com/\">his Terra Firma Farm in Yolo County\u003c/a> on the CSA, or community-supported agriculture, model. In a CSA, subscribers — mostly middle-class urbanites — buy memberships and then farmers ship them boxes of produce. There are no middlemen. The money goes directly from the consumers to farmers like Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill said the CSA model allowed him to avoid loans and eventually buy his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically like the 20th-century farming equivalent of a funding website,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the week following October's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/06/what-we-know-about-california-victims-of-the-las-vegas-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass shooting in Las Vegas\u003c/a>, the deadliest such shooting in recent American history, gun sales in California ticked up. But they didn't skyrocket, breaking a cycle of spiking gun sales in the state following mass shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians purchased 17,226 firearms in the week after the Las Vegas shooting, according to data obtained by KPCC from the California Bureau of Firearms. That was a 12 percent jump from the previous week, but represented only the fifth-highest week of gun sales this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/15/63411/californians-on-pace-to-buy-1-million-guns-in-2016/\">firearms sales jumped 45 percent the following week\u003c/a> in California, setting the highest weekly total of the year to that point. Similar spikes followed other mass shootings, including the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/02/san-bernardino-shootings-signs-have-faded-but-memories-remain-piercing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 incident in San Bernardino\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"R0rO2WM8YTHPLprU4LVohYFF2LVC3M4A\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun trend experts say the modest sales in response to a mass shooting are a sign that gun enthusiasts are less worried about gun control measures with Trump and Republicans dominating the federal government. The spikes following the Orlando and San Bernardino shootings occurred while Democrat Barack Obama was in the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gun sales have started to decline since the election of Donald Trump,\" said UCLA law professor Adam Winkler. \"People feel less need to run out and buy guns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As president, Obama routinely made calls for gun control following mass shootings. That sent many Americans scrambling to buy firearms they feared might become illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things are different with Trump in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not the urgency or urgent need because the window of opportunity is not closing,\" said Craig DeLuz, a lobbyist with the Sacramento-based Firearms Policy Coalition, which advocates for gun rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump issued no call for gun control after the Las Vegas massacre, instead pointing to mental health issues. And the national debate over so-called bump stocks is moot in California, as the devices are already illegal in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, gun retailers \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-gun-sales-in-america-stopped-spiking-after-mass-shootings/\">reported fewer background checks after the Las Vegas shooting\u003c/a>, as compared to the periods following incidents in San Bernardino, Sandy Hook and Orlando. Background checks are considered the best proxy for gun sales at the federal level, where gun sales data are not available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1IUKgvUo231nlD15THXsAUCLCNEujF5t\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Californians shattered records for gun sales, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/15/69644/california-gun-sales-shattered-records-last-year-w/\">snapping up more than a million firearms\u003c/a> for the first time ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw just an overwhelming number of firearms sales,\" DeLuz said. He cited California's assault weapons ban as a driver of sales, as enthusiasts bought soon-to-be-banned models while they were still on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, sales are more sluggish -- 2017 firearms sales are on pace to dip to around 800,000, which would be the lowest total since 2011. That's according to the state data, which capture sales through Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of sales in California could pick up after Black Friday sales are factored in. Early reports indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/26/566607006/black-friday-background-checks-reportedly-shoot-up-to-record-high\">background checks were up this year\u003c/a> across the country.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gun experts say modest sales after the Las Vegas mass shooting indicate gun enthusiasts are less worried about gun control with Trump and Republicans dominating the government.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the week following October's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/06/what-we-know-about-california-victims-of-the-las-vegas-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass shooting in Las Vegas\u003c/a>, the deadliest such shooting in recent American history, gun sales in California ticked up. But they didn't skyrocket, breaking a cycle of spiking gun sales in the state following mass shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians purchased 17,226 firearms in the week after the Las Vegas shooting, according to data obtained by KPCC from the California Bureau of Firearms. That was a 12 percent jump from the previous week, but represented only the fifth-highest week of gun sales this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/15/63411/californians-on-pace-to-buy-1-million-guns-in-2016/\">firearms sales jumped 45 percent the following week\u003c/a> in California, setting the highest weekly total of the year to that point. Similar spikes followed other mass shootings, including the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/02/san-bernardino-shootings-signs-have-faded-but-memories-remain-piercing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 incident in San Bernardino\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun trend experts say the modest sales in response to a mass shooting are a sign that gun enthusiasts are less worried about gun control measures with Trump and Republicans dominating the federal government. The spikes following the Orlando and San Bernardino shootings occurred while Democrat Barack Obama was in the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gun sales have started to decline since the election of Donald Trump,\" said UCLA law professor Adam Winkler. \"People feel less need to run out and buy guns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As president, Obama routinely made calls for gun control following mass shootings. That sent many Americans scrambling to buy firearms they feared might become illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things are different with Trump in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not the urgency or urgent need because the window of opportunity is not closing,\" said Craig DeLuz, a lobbyist with the Sacramento-based Firearms Policy Coalition, which advocates for gun rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump issued no call for gun control after the Las Vegas massacre, instead pointing to mental health issues. And the national debate over so-called bump stocks is moot in California, as the devices are already illegal in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, gun retailers \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-gun-sales-in-america-stopped-spiking-after-mass-shootings/\">reported fewer background checks after the Las Vegas shooting\u003c/a>, as compared to the periods following incidents in San Bernardino, Sandy Hook and Orlando. Background checks are considered the best proxy for gun sales at the federal level, where gun sales data are not available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Californians shattered records for gun sales, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/15/69644/california-gun-sales-shattered-records-last-year-w/\">snapping up more than a million firearms\u003c/a> for the first time ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw just an overwhelming number of firearms sales,\" DeLuz said. He cited California's assault weapons ban as a driver of sales, as enthusiasts bought soon-to-be-banned models while they were still on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, sales are more sluggish -- 2017 firearms sales are on pace to dip to around 800,000, which would be the lowest total since 2011. That's according to the state data, which capture sales through Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of sales in California could pick up after Black Friday sales are factored in. Early reports indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/26/566607006/black-friday-background-checks-reportedly-shoot-up-to-record-high\">background checks were up this year\u003c/a> across the country.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sexual Harassment Cases Often Rejected by Courts",
"title": "Sexual Harassment Cases Often Rejected by Courts",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Many actors, politicians and executives, including at NPR, are now facing sexual harassment allegations in the court of public opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in actual courts, such cases filed by workers against their employers are very often dismissed by judges. The standard for harassment under the law is high, and only an estimated 3 percent to 6 percent of the cases ever make it to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stands in stark contrast to the large pool of people who say they have experienced sexual harassment. In surveys, a quarter to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/nbc-wsj-poll-nearly-half-working-women-say-they-ve-n815376\">half of women\u003c/a> say they've experienced sexual harassment at work. But only a small fraction — estimates range around 5 to 15 percent of women — report their complaints to their employers, largely due to fear of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts say the high dismissal rate of sexual harassment cases also has a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/565743374/566894709\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Cincinnati professor Sandra Sperino has read roughly 1,000 sexual harassment cases that were dismissed before they went to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You'll see case after case where a woman was groped at work and the court will dismiss the case as a matter of law, finding that's not sexual harassment,\" Sperino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 1986 decision, the Supreme Court said the behavior needs to be \"severe or pervasive\" in order to qualify as harassment, whether it's on the basis of sex or race. Sperino says judges' interpretations of what qualifies are out of step with common sense and standard office policies. She cites one typical case, for example, which involved a male supervisor harassing a construction worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Courts have required the situation to be pretty hellish before they'll find it actionable.'\u003ccite>Deborah Rhode, Stanford Center on the Legal Profession\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"[The supervisor] told the plaintiff, 'Hey handsome, come here and sit in my lap,' talked about raping the worker multiple times, talked about his genitals,\" among other, worse offenses, Sperino says. \"The court dismissed the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? The judge reasoned that the two dozen incidents occurred over a 10-day period — too brief a period of time to qualify as \"pervasive.\" But in other cases where incidents occurred over longer periods, Sperino says judges often say the infractions were too sporadic to be pervasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Supreme Court case, in 2007, raised the bar still farther, says Laura Beth Nielsen, a research professor at the American Bar Foundation and at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yn4FGE86rddFJdCUPjv6hGFSd57a1B2x\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you have to prove is that somebody is acting with intention, so that's a much higher standard,\" which leads to more pretrial dismissals, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no central database tracking employment discrimination cases, but Nielsen's random sampling showed half of cases settled out of court and another 37 percent were dismissed pretrial. She says those included \"ones where people would go, 'Oh my God, you get to grope five times and it's still not sexual harassment?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some judges downgrade an offense if the groping didn't result in direct skin contact. Or, if there is no proof the victim objected to the sexual advances. These opinions became calcified in law, because both state and federal trial court judges would cite them as precedent for subsequent case dismissals. Only 2 percent of plaintiffs win, Nielsen's data show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Courts have really required the situation to be pretty hellish before they'll find it actionable,\" says Deborah Rhode, director of Stanford's Center on the Legal Profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says judges often are older and male, and lack an understanding of the emotional, psychological and professional damage harassment can do. \"So it's men behaving badly on the bench, and in the office,\" Rhode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times are changing, and with it, views on harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oftentimes it takes a kind of cultural consciousness-raising moment like the one that we're having now to force a re-evaluation of standards,\" Rhode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qAldj2NNwJ6aJpkSCwM5h5ghEpLEF1i5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything that we've seen on the #MeToo hashtag suggests that there's a lot of pent-up fury out there, and more of these women, I think, are going to seek legal recourse. And attorneys in this social climate are going to think they're more likely to win and get substantial damages,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Cincinnati employment attorney Randy Freking says his office recently has seen an uptick in potential clients alleging sexual harassment, against the backdrop of more and more allegations going public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freking says he takes only cases that have a decent shot at winning, and warns his clients that even the strongest cases always have a good chance of getting dismissed. And the emotional cost can run high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very few people realize that judges just have this power to toss cases out, despite the fact that the Constitution has a right to a trial by jury,\" Freking says. \"And for a woman who has been sexually harassed, and been victimized by their employer like that, and then just have that OK'd by some federal judge? It just absolutely rocks your world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Harassment+Cases+Often+Rejected+By+Courts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many actors, politicians and executives, including at NPR, are now facing sexual harassment allegations in the court of public opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in actual courts, such cases filed by workers against their employers are very often dismissed by judges. The standard for harassment under the law is high, and only an estimated 3 percent to 6 percent of the cases ever make it to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stands in stark contrast to the large pool of people who say they have experienced sexual harassment. In surveys, a quarter to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/nbc-wsj-poll-nearly-half-working-women-say-they-ve-n815376\">half of women\u003c/a> say they've experienced sexual harassment at work. But only a small fraction — estimates range around 5 to 15 percent of women — report their complaints to their employers, largely due to fear of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal experts say the high dismissal rate of sexual harassment cases also has a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/565743374/566894709\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Cincinnati professor Sandra Sperino has read roughly 1,000 sexual harassment cases that were dismissed before they went to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You'll see case after case where a woman was groped at work and the court will dismiss the case as a matter of law, finding that's not sexual harassment,\" Sperino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 1986 decision, the Supreme Court said the behavior needs to be \"severe or pervasive\" in order to qualify as harassment, whether it's on the basis of sex or race. Sperino says judges' interpretations of what qualifies are out of step with common sense and standard office policies. She cites one typical case, for example, which involved a male supervisor harassing a construction worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Courts have required the situation to be pretty hellish before they'll find it actionable.'\u003ccite>Deborah Rhode, Stanford Center on the Legal Profession\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"[The supervisor] told the plaintiff, 'Hey handsome, come here and sit in my lap,' talked about raping the worker multiple times, talked about his genitals,\" among other, worse offenses, Sperino says. \"The court dismissed the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? The judge reasoned that the two dozen incidents occurred over a 10-day period — too brief a period of time to qualify as \"pervasive.\" But in other cases where incidents occurred over longer periods, Sperino says judges often say the infractions were too sporadic to be pervasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Supreme Court case, in 2007, raised the bar still farther, says Laura Beth Nielsen, a research professor at the American Bar Foundation and at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you have to prove is that somebody is acting with intention, so that's a much higher standard,\" which leads to more pretrial dismissals, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no central database tracking employment discrimination cases, but Nielsen's random sampling showed half of cases settled out of court and another 37 percent were dismissed pretrial. She says those included \"ones where people would go, 'Oh my God, you get to grope five times and it's still not sexual harassment?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some judges downgrade an offense if the groping didn't result in direct skin contact. Or, if there is no proof the victim objected to the sexual advances. These opinions became calcified in law, because both state and federal trial court judges would cite them as precedent for subsequent case dismissals. Only 2 percent of plaintiffs win, Nielsen's data show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Courts have really required the situation to be pretty hellish before they'll find it actionable,\" says Deborah Rhode, director of Stanford's Center on the Legal Profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says judges often are older and male, and lack an understanding of the emotional, psychological and professional damage harassment can do. \"So it's men behaving badly on the bench, and in the office,\" Rhode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times are changing, and with it, views on harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oftentimes it takes a kind of cultural consciousness-raising moment like the one that we're having now to force a re-evaluation of standards,\" Rhode says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything that we've seen on the #MeToo hashtag suggests that there's a lot of pent-up fury out there, and more of these women, I think, are going to seek legal recourse. And attorneys in this social climate are going to think they're more likely to win and get substantial damages,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Cincinnati employment attorney Randy Freking says his office recently has seen an uptick in potential clients alleging sexual harassment, against the backdrop of more and more allegations going public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freking says he takes only cases that have a decent shot at winning, and warns his clients that even the strongest cases always have a good chance of getting dismissed. And the emotional cost can run high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very few people realize that judges just have this power to toss cases out, despite the fact that the Constitution has a right to a trial by jury,\" Freking says. \"And for a woman who has been sexually harassed, and been victimized by their employer like that, and then just have that OK'd by some federal judge? It just absolutely rocks your world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Harassment+Cases+Often+Rejected+By+Courts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hearings to Focus on 'Pervasive' Climate of Sexual Harassment in Sacramento",
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"content": "\u003cp>One day before a high-profile hearing in Sacramento, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/l-a-assemblyman-quits-but-denies-sexual-harassment-claims/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assemblyman Raul Bocanegra resigned\u003c/a> and state Sen. Tony Mendoza was stripped of his leadership positions after both faced multiple charges of sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"tCRDuXXeOP4UlPfzkNgNSak0eLZPtrc5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will be the backdrop as an Assembly subcommittee begins \u003ca href=\"http://arul.assembly.ca.gov/hearings\">sexual harassment hearings\u003c/a> in the Capitol on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an issue Sacramento lobbyist Pamela Lopez experienced for herself when she was pushed into a bathroom while at a Sacramento bar for a work event. When she turned around, she found a state lawmaker who had unzipped his pants and was masturbating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was really scary,\" Lopez said. \"My thoughts were racing. I kept thinking, what do I do? How do I get out of this bathroom and, simultaneously, don’t make a scene, don’t shout, don’t scream? Because women are blamed when they are assaulted. And no matter what you do, you will be blamed for this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez’s experience underscores what many women say they've gone through in the Capitol community. Since she has spoken up, Lopez has heard from numerous women with their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am so glad to see all of these women feeling like they can speak up and step forward and speak out,\" she says. \"But it’s personally painful to hear the weight of how deep this problem goes in our professional community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qkv4QmcknHf2LoK5InXbEB1eW7Cf33LY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-term Assemblywoman Laura Friedman wants to find out how pervasive the problem is. She chairs the Assembly subcommittee that's holding the first in a series of hearings on the issue on Tuesday. She has heard stories of Capitol staffers, lobbyists and even lawmakers being harassed and feeling like they had no recourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know it goes on,\" she says. \"I think that a lot of staffers are unhappy with the fact that they feel that they’re at risk if they come forward or that nothing will happen, depending on who they are reporting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman wants to establish a code of conduct with clear repercussions for people who violate it, including lawmakers. And she says the Assembly and Senate must work together to make sure they deal with complaints in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samantha Corbin helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesaidenough.com/\">We Said Enough\u003c/a> campaign, which started the recent sexual harassment conversation in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative leaders agree with her that it’s time for a culture change in the Capitol. But in an environment that equates power with success, that change likely won’t come easy. Still, Corbin says it’s not impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this perception that we’re powerless to change this, that we don’t know what can be done to change the policies and procedures to protect victims, and that’s simply not true,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"a5JMWdt6GLcMuNDBxgu6MyNyt489RWFn\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbin points to providing whistleblower protections, a confidential hotline for victims and counseling as immediate actions that can be taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Legislature is just beginning its discussion on sexual harassment, lobbyist Pamela Lopez is preparing to take her next step. She has so far refused to name the lawmaker who assaulted her, but says she soon will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have reached a point where I am willing to bear the consequences,\" she says. \"And I think it will be hard. I think, at least informally, I will be talked about and snickered at when I’m walking through the hall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, she says that’s happening now. She’s going public with her story in hopes other women don’t have to go through what she did.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day before a high-profile hearing in Sacramento, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/l-a-assemblyman-quits-but-denies-sexual-harassment-claims/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assemblyman Raul Bocanegra resigned\u003c/a> and state Sen. Tony Mendoza was stripped of his leadership positions after both faced multiple charges of sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will be the backdrop as an Assembly subcommittee begins \u003ca href=\"http://arul.assembly.ca.gov/hearings\">sexual harassment hearings\u003c/a> in the Capitol on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an issue Sacramento lobbyist Pamela Lopez experienced for herself when she was pushed into a bathroom while at a Sacramento bar for a work event. When she turned around, she found a state lawmaker who had unzipped his pants and was masturbating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was really scary,\" Lopez said. \"My thoughts were racing. I kept thinking, what do I do? How do I get out of this bathroom and, simultaneously, don’t make a scene, don’t shout, don’t scream? Because women are blamed when they are assaulted. And no matter what you do, you will be blamed for this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez’s experience underscores what many women say they've gone through in the Capitol community. Since she has spoken up, Lopez has heard from numerous women with their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am so glad to see all of these women feeling like they can speak up and step forward and speak out,\" she says. \"But it’s personally painful to hear the weight of how deep this problem goes in our professional community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-term Assemblywoman Laura Friedman wants to find out how pervasive the problem is. She chairs the Assembly subcommittee that's holding the first in a series of hearings on the issue on Tuesday. She has heard stories of Capitol staffers, lobbyists and even lawmakers being harassed and feeling like they had no recourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know it goes on,\" she says. \"I think that a lot of staffers are unhappy with the fact that they feel that they’re at risk if they come forward or that nothing will happen, depending on who they are reporting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman wants to establish a code of conduct with clear repercussions for people who violate it, including lawmakers. And she says the Assembly and Senate must work together to make sure they deal with complaints in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samantha Corbin helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesaidenough.com/\">We Said Enough\u003c/a> campaign, which started the recent sexual harassment conversation in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative leaders agree with her that it’s time for a culture change in the Capitol. But in an environment that equates power with success, that change likely won’t come easy. Still, Corbin says it’s not impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this perception that we’re powerless to change this, that we don’t know what can be done to change the policies and procedures to protect victims, and that’s simply not true,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corbin points to providing whistleblower protections, a confidential hotline for victims and counseling as immediate actions that can be taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Legislature is just beginning its discussion on sexual harassment, lobbyist Pamela Lopez is preparing to take her next step. She has so far refused to name the lawmaker who assaulted her, but says she soon will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have reached a point where I am willing to bear the consequences,\" she says. \"And I think it will be hard. I think, at least informally, I will be talked about and snickered at when I’m walking through the hall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, she says that’s happening now. She’s going public with her story in hopes other women don’t have to go through what she did.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "East Bay Congressman Wants Federal Probe of ICE Detainee Abuse Claims at Contra Costa Jail",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Nov. 29, 2017 at 10:10 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord) has asked the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate claims that federal immigration detainees at a Contra Costa County jail have been mistreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier toured the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cocosheriff.org/bureaus/custody_services/west_county.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">West County Detention Facility\u003c/a> in Richmond on Monday after allegations surfaced that inmates detained there on behalf of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement were being confined to their cells for 23 hours a day, and in some cases prevented from using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are there incidents when I'm not there, the sheriff's not there, that are not appropriate?\" DeSaulnier said in an interview hours after the tour. \"Is there unusual use of excessive force? That's why you need a third party to go in and investigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county leases beds at the jail to ICE to hold undocumented immigrants under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/19/how-the-contra-costa-county-sheriff-works-with-ice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$6 million contract\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks ago DeSaulnier asked California Attorney General Xavier Becerra to look into the ICE detainee claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month an advocacy group released a letter signed by 27 ICE detainees at the jail, alleging inhumane conditions. That came after supporters of female inmates said they were confined to cells with no toilets, had to wait for jail staff to let them use a shared bathroom at a scheduled time or relieve themselves in plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle reported that after the letter was released, inmates claimed \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Conditions-worsen-for-some-ICE-detainees-at-12346066.php?utm_campaign=sfgate&utm_source=article&utm_medium=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FContra-Costa-sheriff-investigating-complaints-by-12350162.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their treatment\u003c/a> got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CONTRA-COSTA-SHERIFF-OFFICIAL-PAGE-224837426560/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disputes \u003c/a>the ICE detainee claims and on Monday Sheriff David Livingston pushed back even harder, reiterating that the department's own investigation into the allegations is already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congressman DeSaulnier toured our facility and was invited to view any area he wished to visit and speak to any detainee he liked,\" Livingston said in an emailed statement through a spokesman. \"He can now publicly call for any additional investigation he wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, as the political rhetoric from some around this issue continues to boil, we remain undeterred in providing professional and diligent custody services of our county inmates and federal detainees. We are responsible for over 1,600 inmates every day, day-in and day-out, and the allegations of the few ICE female detainees are a fraction of this number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Justice Department spokesman declined to comment on DeSaulnier's concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman has said the jails that hold immigration detainees are subject to rigorous standards and regular inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to see for myself,\" DeSaulnier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Livingston took the congressman on a 90-minute tour of the facility, along with two other high-ranking officials with the department. DeSaulnier met afterward with inmate advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a first look,\" DeSaulnier said. \"Just by going through physically one time, you can't tell what might have happened, individually.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm looking forward to getting to the bottom of it,\" he said. \"If something's gone wrong, people will be held accountable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read Rep. DeSaulnier's letter to U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4312373-LETTER-West-County-Jail-Issues-to-AG-Sessions-17\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Nov. 29, 2017 at 10:10 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord) has asked the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate claims that federal immigration detainees at a Contra Costa County jail have been mistreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier toured the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cocosheriff.org/bureaus/custody_services/west_county.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">West County Detention Facility\u003c/a> in Richmond on Monday after allegations surfaced that inmates detained there on behalf of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement were being confined to their cells for 23 hours a day, and in some cases prevented from using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are there incidents when I'm not there, the sheriff's not there, that are not appropriate?\" DeSaulnier said in an interview hours after the tour. \"Is there unusual use of excessive force? That's why you need a third party to go in and investigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county leases beds at the jail to ICE to hold undocumented immigrants under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/19/how-the-contra-costa-county-sheriff-works-with-ice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$6 million contract\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks ago DeSaulnier asked California Attorney General Xavier Becerra to look into the ICE detainee claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month an advocacy group released a letter signed by 27 ICE detainees at the jail, alleging inhumane conditions. That came after supporters of female inmates said they were confined to cells with no toilets, had to wait for jail staff to let them use a shared bathroom at a scheduled time or relieve themselves in plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle reported that after the letter was released, inmates claimed \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Conditions-worsen-for-some-ICE-detainees-at-12346066.php?utm_campaign=sfgate&utm_source=article&utm_medium=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FContra-Costa-sheriff-investigating-complaints-by-12350162.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their treatment\u003c/a> got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CONTRA-COSTA-SHERIFF-OFFICIAL-PAGE-224837426560/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disputes \u003c/a>the ICE detainee claims and on Monday Sheriff David Livingston pushed back even harder, reiterating that the department's own investigation into the allegations is already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congressman DeSaulnier toured our facility and was invited to view any area he wished to visit and speak to any detainee he liked,\" Livingston said in an emailed statement through a spokesman. \"He can now publicly call for any additional investigation he wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, as the political rhetoric from some around this issue continues to boil, we remain undeterred in providing professional and diligent custody services of our county inmates and federal detainees. We are responsible for over 1,600 inmates every day, day-in and day-out, and the allegations of the few ICE female detainees are a fraction of this number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Justice Department spokesman declined to comment on DeSaulnier's concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman has said the jails that hold immigration detainees are subject to rigorous standards and regular inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to see for myself,\" DeSaulnier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Livingston took the congressman on a 90-minute tour of the facility, along with two other high-ranking officials with the department. DeSaulnier met afterward with inmate advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a first look,\" DeSaulnier said. \"Just by going through physically one time, you can't tell what might have happened, individually.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm looking forward to getting to the bottom of it,\" he said. \"If something's gone wrong, people will be held accountable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read Rep. DeSaulnier's letter to U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Autopsy Doctor Quits, Alleges Sheriff Interfered in Death Probes",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated\u003c/strong> Wednesday, 2:35 pm\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A forensic pathologist who conducts autopsies for San Joaquin County resigned Monday, claiming she was denied the independence to do her job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the resignation letter, obtained by KQED, Dr. Susan Parson wrote that she accepted a job offer in San Joaquin County last year for a chance to work with its chief forensic pathologist, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-310-35196-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bennet Omalu\u003c/a>, famous for his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, a degenerative brain disease that has been detected after death in some football players. Omalu's story is chronicled in the movie “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/concussion/\">Concussion,\u003c/a>\" starring Will Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in her letter to the county administrator on Monday, Dr. Parson stated that Sheriff Steve Moore's “attempts to influence and control our professional judgment and conclusions” had made her \"day-to-day experience in the County personally unbearable and professionally unsustainable.\" In San Joaquin and 49 other California counties, the elected sheriff also serves as coroner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ultimately undermines the overall competence of the Coroner’s Office in conducting objective death investigations for the county,” Parson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did not respond to a request for comment, but her labor representative, Patricia Hernandez, with the Union of American Physicians and Dentists, spoke for Dr. Parson and Dr. Omalu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not have the independence and control over their professional practice,” she said. “And they are being told what to do by a non-physician, which is illegal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Moore did not initially respond to KQED's request for comment. However on Tuesday, after this story first published, Moore posted a statement on the San Joaquin County Sheriff Department's Facebook page denying that he had tried to influence Parson's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signed statement reads in full:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the Sheriff and Coroner of this County, I take my job extremely seriously. As Coroner, the law requires me to make the final determination in the manner of death of each case processed here at the Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I deeply value the work of Pathologist Susan Parson and am sad to learn she has a negative view of our experience working together. However, I want to make it clear that at no time did I attempt to control or influence her professional judgement and conclusions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time in as many years that a forensic pathologist in California has gone public with accusations of interference from law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0nbkq7juVcrNgJDABysXd8RkGPO1JpMw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, Dr. Michelle Jorden surprised Santa Clara County’s Board of Supervisors when she \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/13/keeping-death-investigations-free-from-pressure/\">testified \u003c/a>at a budget hearing that the sheriff had interfered with death investigations. The county has since removed the medical examiner’s office from Sheriff Laurie Smith’s control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_049924.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randy Hanzlick\u003c/a>, a retired medical examiner in Atlanta, Georgia, has extensively studied the sheriff-coroner system, which he says is primarily used in California. He says the advantages to having law enforcement oversee death investigations are mostly financial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because you already have an administrative structure set up within the sheriff's department, you don't have to have another administration for the coroner or the medical examiner,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Hanzlick says, funding for law enforcement tends to remain more steady than for, say, public health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The disadvantages primarily have to do with either real or perceived conflicts in the way that deaths are investigated,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanzlick said there are ways to ensure the integrity of death investigations in jurisdictions where the forensic pathologists work under a sheriff or other law enforcement agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be some sort of an agreement in place,\" he said, \"that they consult each other, take each person’s opinions into consideration, and that the pathologist’s opinion is heavily weighed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming days, Dr. Parson has promised to send the county administrator and Board of Supervisors an addendum to her resignation letter, including memos that document “specific instances of the injuries and abuses” she says prompted her to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday the San Joaquin County District Attorney's office issued a statement saying officials \"are looking into the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated\u003c/strong> Wednesday, 2:35 pm\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A forensic pathologist who conducts autopsies for San Joaquin County resigned Monday, claiming she was denied the independence to do her job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the resignation letter, obtained by KQED, Dr. Susan Parson wrote that she accepted a job offer in San Joaquin County last year for a chance to work with its chief forensic pathologist, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-310-35196-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bennet Omalu\u003c/a>, famous for his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, a degenerative brain disease that has been detected after death in some football players. Omalu's story is chronicled in the movie “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/concussion/\">Concussion,\u003c/a>\" starring Will Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in her letter to the county administrator on Monday, Dr. Parson stated that Sheriff Steve Moore's “attempts to influence and control our professional judgment and conclusions” had made her \"day-to-day experience in the County personally unbearable and professionally unsustainable.\" In San Joaquin and 49 other California counties, the elected sheriff also serves as coroner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ultimately undermines the overall competence of the Coroner’s Office in conducting objective death investigations for the county,” Parson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did not respond to a request for comment, but her labor representative, Patricia Hernandez, with the Union of American Physicians and Dentists, spoke for Dr. Parson and Dr. Omalu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do not have the independence and control over their professional practice,” she said. “And they are being told what to do by a non-physician, which is illegal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Moore did not initially respond to KQED's request for comment. However on Tuesday, after this story first published, Moore posted a statement on the San Joaquin County Sheriff Department's Facebook page denying that he had tried to influence Parson's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signed statement reads in full:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the Sheriff and Coroner of this County, I take my job extremely seriously. As Coroner, the law requires me to make the final determination in the manner of death of each case processed here at the Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I deeply value the work of Pathologist Susan Parson and am sad to learn she has a negative view of our experience working together. However, I want to make it clear that at no time did I attempt to control or influence her professional judgement and conclusions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time in as many years that a forensic pathologist in California has gone public with accusations of interference from law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, Dr. Michelle Jorden surprised Santa Clara County’s Board of Supervisors when she \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/13/keeping-death-investigations-free-from-pressure/\">testified \u003c/a>at a budget hearing that the sheriff had interfered with death investigations. The county has since removed the medical examiner’s office from Sheriff Laurie Smith’s control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_049924.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randy Hanzlick\u003c/a>, a retired medical examiner in Atlanta, Georgia, has extensively studied the sheriff-coroner system, which he says is primarily used in California. He says the advantages to having law enforcement oversee death investigations are mostly financial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because you already have an administrative structure set up within the sheriff's department, you don't have to have another administration for the coroner or the medical examiner,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Hanzlick says, funding for law enforcement tends to remain more steady than for, say, public health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The disadvantages primarily have to do with either real or perceived conflicts in the way that deaths are investigated,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanzlick said there are ways to ensure the integrity of death investigations in jurisdictions where the forensic pathologists work under a sheriff or other law enforcement agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be some sort of an agreement in place,\" he said, \"that they consult each other, take each person’s opinions into consideration, and that the pathologist’s opinion is heavily weighed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming days, Dr. Parson has promised to send the county administrator and Board of Supervisors an addendum to her resignation letter, including memos that document “specific instances of the injuries and abuses” she says prompted her to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday the San Joaquin County District Attorney's office issued a statement saying officials \"are looking into the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Feds Ask State to Explain Cracks in New Oroville Spillway Concrete",
"title": "Feds Ask State to Explain Cracks in New Oroville Spillway Concrete",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#update\">Updated\u003c/a> 9:10 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators have asked the officials who operate Oroville Dam -- and who are in charge of the $500 million-plus effort to rebuild and reinforce the facility's compromised spillways -- to explain small cracks that have appeared in recently rebuilt sections of the dam's massive concrete flood-control chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a previously undisclosed \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4311073/FERC-DWR-Oroville-Concrete.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October letter\u003c/a>, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission told the state Department of Water Resources to document the extent of tiny cracks that have showed up in some of the spillway’s brand-new concrete slabs. FERC also asked DWR what, if any, steps might be required to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early November, DWR told the dam's federal overseers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4311072-DWR-FERC-Concrete171107.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a cover letter\u003c/a> to a classified memorandum that steps taken to build a stronger spillway -- such as an added layer of steel reinforcement -- caused the hairline cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said the agency found \"the hairline cracks are a result of some of the design elements included to restrain the slabs and produce a robust and durable structure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter added that the cracking \"was anticipated and is not expected to affect the integrity of the slabs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/11/OrovilleBrekke.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KJ_oroville_0171_11_22_17-1920x1283.jpg\" Title=\"Feds Ask State to Explain Cracks in New Oroville Spillway Concrete\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC did not respond Monday to requests for further details on the extent of the cracks. But in \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4311418/FERC-Response-to-DWR-Report-on-Spillway-Cracks.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a Nov. 21 letter\u003c/a>, it said it had reviewed the Department of Water Resources report and agreed with the department's conclusion that the cracks \"do not warrant repair at this time.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesperson Erin Mellon said in an email Monday evening that hairline cracks are \"something you expect to see\" in concrete slabs as massive as the those in the rebuilt spillway, which measure 30 feet by 37.5 feet. \"These cracks are not abnormal, nor do they cause a concern,\" she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mellon said DWR will continue to monitor the concrete and that the agency, along with the spillway contractors and outside experts, is looking at a refinement to the concrete mixture to minimize cracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, considering these hairline cracks do not cause a concern, the mixture may remain the same going forward,\" she said. \"We anticipate that hairline cracks would still form even with a refined mixture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's Nov. 7 letter to FERC mentions a technical memorandum that the department classified as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ferc.gov/legal/maj-ord-reg/land-docs/ceii-rule.asp\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">critical energy/electric infrastructure information\u003c/a>, or CEII. Under post-9/11 federal law, CEII documents can be viewed by members of the public or media only if they agree to sign nondisclosure agreements -- a provision that effectively places them beyond public view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KJ_oroville_1926_10_19_17-e1511829691789.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KJ_oroville_1926_10_19_17-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Water Resources says extensive steel reinforcement and other measures intended to make Oroville Dam's rebuilt spillway stronger have resulted in cracking of the spillway concrete. DWR says the small cracks should not affect the spillway's integrity. \u003ccite>(Ken James/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The upshot is that the evidence for and reasoning behind DWR's statements about the cause of the cracking is not available for independent assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Bea, a professor emeritus of civil engineering at UC Berkeley and a veteran analyst of structure failures, said that DWR's letter leaves \"a lot of uncertainties regarding the implications of the reported micro-cracking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, who heads a Berkeley-affiliated group that has issued several reports this year highly critical of DWR's management of the Oroville facility, added that cracks in the concrete surface are potentially serious and require urgent attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cracking in high-strength reinforced concrete structures is never 'to be expected,' \" Bea said in an email. Even small cracks could increase stresses in the concrete when it is under \"service loading\" -- for instance, when large volumes of water hurtle down the structure at speeds approaching 90 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking also \"develops paths for water to reach the steel elements embedded in the concrete and accelerate corrosion,\" Bea said. \"Such corrosion was responsible for the degradation and ultimate failure of the steel reinforcing in parts of the original gated spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR inspection and repair records going back to the 1970s documented widespread cracking of the 3,000-foot-long spillway chute -- largely because of the thinness of the concrete covering the drainage system below the concrete slab. On at least two occasions, sections of the steel rebar inside the slab were found to be corroded and in need of replacement. After the spillway failed last February, some of the steel rods intended to anchor the slab to underlying rock were also found to be corroded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new spillway design aims to prevent those extensive concrete problems by introducing a series of improvements in the spillway design. In addition to more careful foundation preparation than that done for the original 1960s structure, the chute features much thicker concrete, increased steel reinforcement, stronger slab anchoring, interlocking slabs, waterstops to block the flow of water beneath the slabs, a redesigned sub-slab drainage system and electronic instrumentation to monitor the intrusion of water beneath the concrete chute. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure of the spillway and the subsequent severe erosion in an adjacent hillside used as an emergency spillway triggered the evacuation of about 180,000 people along the Feather River. Rebuilding the main spillway and reinforcing the adjacent emergency spillway will cost at least $500 million, DWR says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of the emergency response to the crisis -- including removal of 1.7 million cubic yards of debris, rock and mud that blocked river channel below the shattered spillway -- will top $100 million. State officials have said they will ask the Federal Emergency Management Agency to pick up 75 percent of the cost of the total costs of response and reconstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"update\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>6:25 p.m. Monday:\u003c/strong> This post was updated to include a Department of Water Resources response to federal regulators questions about the Oroville spillway concrete.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>9:10 a.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> Post updated to include newly released Nov. 21 FERC response to DWR report on spillway cracks.\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/ul>\n",
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"excerpt": "Regulators raise potential concern about newly completed concrete slabs. State officials say cracks 'are not abnormal' and are not a concern.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#update\">Updated\u003c/a> 9:10 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators have asked the officials who operate Oroville Dam -- and who are in charge of the $500 million-plus effort to rebuild and reinforce the facility's compromised spillways -- to explain small cracks that have appeared in recently rebuilt sections of the dam's massive concrete flood-control chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a previously undisclosed \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4311073/FERC-DWR-Oroville-Concrete.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October letter\u003c/a>, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission told the state Department of Water Resources to document the extent of tiny cracks that have showed up in some of the spillway’s brand-new concrete slabs. FERC also asked DWR what, if any, steps might be required to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early November, DWR told the dam's federal overseers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4311072-DWR-FERC-Concrete171107.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a cover letter\u003c/a> to a classified memorandum that steps taken to build a stronger spillway -- such as an added layer of steel reinforcement -- caused the hairline cracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said the agency found \"the hairline cracks are a result of some of the design elements included to restrain the slabs and produce a robust and durable structure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter added that the cracking \"was anticipated and is not expected to affect the integrity of the slabs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC did not respond Monday to requests for further details on the extent of the cracks. But in \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4311418/FERC-Response-to-DWR-Report-on-Spillway-Cracks.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a Nov. 21 letter\u003c/a>, it said it had reviewed the Department of Water Resources report and agreed with the department's conclusion that the cracks \"do not warrant repair at this time.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesperson Erin Mellon said in an email Monday evening that hairline cracks are \"something you expect to see\" in concrete slabs as massive as the those in the rebuilt spillway, which measure 30 feet by 37.5 feet. \"These cracks are not abnormal, nor do they cause a concern,\" she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mellon said DWR will continue to monitor the concrete and that the agency, along with the spillway contractors and outside experts, is looking at a refinement to the concrete mixture to minimize cracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, considering these hairline cracks do not cause a concern, the mixture may remain the same going forward,\" she said. \"We anticipate that hairline cracks would still form even with a refined mixture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's Nov. 7 letter to FERC mentions a technical memorandum that the department classified as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ferc.gov/legal/maj-ord-reg/land-docs/ceii-rule.asp\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">critical energy/electric infrastructure information\u003c/a>, or CEII. Under post-9/11 federal law, CEII documents can be viewed by members of the public or media only if they agree to sign nondisclosure agreements -- a provision that effectively places them beyond public view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KJ_oroville_1926_10_19_17-e1511829691789.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/KJ_oroville_1926_10_19_17-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Water Resources says extensive steel reinforcement and other measures intended to make Oroville Dam's rebuilt spillway stronger have resulted in cracking of the spillway concrete. DWR says the small cracks should not affect the spillway's integrity. \u003ccite>(Ken James/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The upshot is that the evidence for and reasoning behind DWR's statements about the cause of the cracking is not available for independent assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Bea, a professor emeritus of civil engineering at UC Berkeley and a veteran analyst of structure failures, said that DWR's letter leaves \"a lot of uncertainties regarding the implications of the reported micro-cracking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, who heads a Berkeley-affiliated group that has issued several reports this year highly critical of DWR's management of the Oroville facility, added that cracks in the concrete surface are potentially serious and require urgent attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cracking in high-strength reinforced concrete structures is never 'to be expected,' \" Bea said in an email. Even small cracks could increase stresses in the concrete when it is under \"service loading\" -- for instance, when large volumes of water hurtle down the structure at speeds approaching 90 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking also \"develops paths for water to reach the steel elements embedded in the concrete and accelerate corrosion,\" Bea said. \"Such corrosion was responsible for the degradation and ultimate failure of the steel reinforcing in parts of the original gated spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR inspection and repair records going back to the 1970s documented widespread cracking of the 3,000-foot-long spillway chute -- largely because of the thinness of the concrete covering the drainage system below the concrete slab. On at least two occasions, sections of the steel rebar inside the slab were found to be corroded and in need of replacement. After the spillway failed last February, some of the steel rods intended to anchor the slab to underlying rock were also found to be corroded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new spillway design aims to prevent those extensive concrete problems by introducing a series of improvements in the spillway design. In addition to more careful foundation preparation than that done for the original 1960s structure, the chute features much thicker concrete, increased steel reinforcement, stronger slab anchoring, interlocking slabs, waterstops to block the flow of water beneath the slabs, a redesigned sub-slab drainage system and electronic instrumentation to monitor the intrusion of water beneath the concrete chute. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure of the spillway and the subsequent severe erosion in an adjacent hillside used as an emergency spillway triggered the evacuation of about 180,000 people along the Feather River. Rebuilding the main spillway and reinforcing the adjacent emergency spillway will cost at least $500 million, DWR says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of the emergency response to the crisis -- including removal of 1.7 million cubic yards of debris, rock and mud that blocked river channel below the shattered spillway -- will top $100 million. State officials have said they will ask the Federal Emergency Management Agency to pick up 75 percent of the cost of the total costs of response and reconstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"update\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>6:25 p.m. Monday:\u003c/strong> This post was updated to include a Department of Water Resources response to federal regulators questions about the Oroville spillway concrete.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>9:10 a.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> Post updated to include newly released Nov. 21 FERC response to DWR report on spillway cracks.\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last year California voters approved Proposition 64, also known as the Adult Use of Marijuana Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition made it instantly legal for adults 21 and older to possess and grow certain quantities of marijuana. But if you want to buy non-medical marijuana at a store, you have to wait until Jan. 1, 2018, when the state will begin issuing retail licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means we're just over a month away from having legal weed stores in California. Holy smokes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Curious team wants to know what questions you have about the law, pot culture, the marijuana industry or the drug itself. No question is off-limits, so ask away!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few questions to get you inspired:\u003cbr>\n- How much is that edible really going to affect me?\u003cbr>\n- Will I really be able to just walk into a store and get marijuana?\u003cbr>\n- How will this impact prices?\u003cbr>\n- What are all the ways to consume weed legally?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'll answer a bunch of your questions in an upcoming \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious podcast episode\u003c/a> and web article on KQED.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/440.js\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year California voters approved Proposition 64, also known as the Adult Use of Marijuana Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition made it instantly legal for adults 21 and older to possess and grow certain quantities of marijuana. But if you want to buy non-medical marijuana at a store, you have to wait until Jan. 1, 2018, when the state will begin issuing retail licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means we're just over a month away from having legal weed stores in California. Holy smokes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Curious team wants to know what questions you have about the law, pot culture, the marijuana industry or the drug itself. No question is off-limits, so ask away!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 3
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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