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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any two-thirds vote is difficult,” said Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-Fremont), who chairs the Senate Environmental Quality Committee. “With cap and trade, since 25 percent of money goes to disadvantaged communities, it’s a little lighter lift versus transportation package. That said, it’s still two-thirds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of cap and trade are seeking a supermajority vote this year to affirm the program’s legal standing and eliminate doubts that have reduced participation in the state’s carbon market, which has allowed companies to trade permits at auction since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original law, AB 32, has a 2020 deadline for meeting its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels, and that has opened questions as to whether it can operate past that date. Critics say that the law is a an illegal tax because it passed with a simple majority vote. A two-thirds vote to extend the program would resolve both questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court also settled the tax point, although there are other potential legal challenges ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are still discussing whether to extend AB 32 as it exists or to shape an entirely new bill, possibly with an emphasis on environmental justice issues. There are varying versions of what a new or rejiggered cap-and-trade program might look like -- continuing the carbon auctions or converting to a carbon tax. Those developments are open-ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the program is extended in its current form, the price of allowances could greatly increase, according to a nonpartisan analysis. Depending on allowance prices, the cost of gas could rise from 15 to 73 cents per gallon by 2031, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/letters/2017/fong-fuels-cap-and-trade.pdf\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are understandably sensitive to a dramatic hike in gasoline prices, a core pocketbook issue for voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Gaines (R-El Dorado), who voted against the transportation bill, said permanent gas taxes hurt the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There seems to be some confusion in the Legislature about the war on poverty,” Gaines said in a statement. “We should be fighting to end it, not create it. But with this new gas tax we will be serving up poverty by the gallon to millions of families and businesses around the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, cap and trade lived to fight another day, thanks to a 2-1 ruling from the 3\u003csup>rd\u003c/sup> District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, which agreed with the state Air Resources Board that it has the authority to regulate polluters. The years-long case had clouded the future of cap and trade, with sluggish interest in the state’s auctions. The February \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auction/feb-2017/summary_results_report.pdf\">quarterly allowance auction\u003c/a> was another bust, with just 16.5 percent of the emission allowances sold. The next auction is in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say that the future for cap and trade will not be truly assured until it is enshrined in law and not subject to continual legal challenges. Gov. Jerry Brown has asked the Legislature to reauthorize the program with a two-thirds vote, but even the Democrat-heavy statehouse is not committing to anything. Yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wells Fargo Claws Back $75 Million More From 2 Executives Over Fake Accounts",
"title": "Wells Fargo Claws Back $75 Million More From 2 Executives Over Fake Accounts",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two executives who were publicly excoriated over Wells Fargo's opening of millions of bogus accounts must give back millions more dollars in pay, the bank's board announced Monday. The board is clawing back an additional $47 million from Carrie Tolstedt, who headed the troubled sales division, and $28 million from former CEO John Stumpf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf \"was too slow\" to see problems in sales practices that brought a $185 million punishment from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/08/493130449/wells-fargo-to-pay-around-190-million-over-fake-accounts-that-sparked-bonuses\">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u003c/a>, according to a 110-page report released Monday by Wells Fargo's board. The report says he also failed to protect the bank's reputation from what the CFPB has called \"the widespread illegal practice of secretly opening unauthorized deposit and credit card accounts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 5,300 Wells Fargo employees lost their jobs over the fake-accounts scandal — a number far higher than the bank's board says it was initially led to believe. The report says Stumpf \"did not appreciate the scope and severity of the problem\" and that he \"continued to publicly support the appropriateness of Wells Fargo's sales goals and to highlight that the vast majority of Wells Fargo employees 'got it right.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BMToZ4W659K4wxX8RqIsiZXqUYM2ibA1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Stumpf and Tolstedt had previously been forced to return tens of millions of dollars. With the new clawbacks, Wells Fargo's board says, the bank has now recovered more than $180 million in executive compensation over the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that total, $69 million has come from Stumpf and $67 million from Tolstedt, the bank says. Stumpf \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf-resigns-amid-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">resigned in October of 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wells Fargo report cites \"distortion\" of the sales culture and management system in the unit that was at the heart of the scandal, as well as other organizational issues, as reasons why essential problems weren't addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing a system that sometimes \"imposed excessive pressure\" on lower-rung workers during Tolstedt's long tenure, the report says employees in the Community Bank division were ranked against each other on \"scorecards\" that were updated daily. Workers were paid and promoted based on sales goals that executives knew were often unattainable, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"o4ij1tnrVUihiFQSjXGB4KFdeSypBzK2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Wells Fargo employees who tried to raise red flags about the sales practices \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/21/498804659/former-wells-fargo-employees-join-class-action-lawsuit\">have told NPR's Chris Arnold\u003c/a> that they were fired or pushed to resign — and an investigation showed that the bank had put black marks against those employees' names in a permanent national database used by banks and regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how executives responded to problems within the sales division, the report states, \"Tolstedt and certain of her inner circle were insular and defensive and did not like to be challenged or hear negative information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tolstedt's current perspective isn't represented in the report — its authors say she \"declined, on advice of counsel, to be interviewed as part of this investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that in January, Wells Fargo changed its incentive program to focus on \"customer service rather than selling products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've previously reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When accusations of fraud were circulating last fall, it emerged that Tolstedt was set to leave Wells Fargo with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493791920/wells-fargo-units-leader-departs-with-125-million-after-group-incurs-record-fine\">$124.6 million in stock and options\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stumpf \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/annual-reports/2016-proxy-statement.pdf\">made $19.3 million in annual compensation \u003c/a>(including a performance bonus of $12.5 million) in 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On Capitol Hill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/20/494738797/you-should-resign-watch-sen-elizabeth-warren-grill-wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf\">Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D- Mass., accused Stumpf\u003c/a> of netting more than $200 million after the sales practices boosted the bank's stock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In February, two cities \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/08/514133514/two-cities-vote-to-pull-more-than-3-billion-from-wells-fargo-over-dakota-pipelin\">pulled more than $3 billion\u003c/a> in annual cash flow from Wells Fargo over its role in the Dakota Access Pipeline project.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+Claws+Back+%2475+Million+More+From+2+Executives+Over+Fake+Accounts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two executives who were publicly excoriated over Wells Fargo's opening of millions of bogus accounts must give back millions more dollars in pay, the bank's board announced Monday. The board is clawing back an additional $47 million from Carrie Tolstedt, who headed the troubled sales division, and $28 million from former CEO John Stumpf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf \"was too slow\" to see problems in sales practices that brought a $185 million punishment from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/08/493130449/wells-fargo-to-pay-around-190-million-over-fake-accounts-that-sparked-bonuses\">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u003c/a>, according to a 110-page report released Monday by Wells Fargo's board. The report says he also failed to protect the bank's reputation from what the CFPB has called \"the widespread illegal practice of secretly opening unauthorized deposit and credit card accounts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 5,300 Wells Fargo employees lost their jobs over the fake-accounts scandal — a number far higher than the bank's board says it was initially led to believe. The report says Stumpf \"did not appreciate the scope and severity of the problem\" and that he \"continued to publicly support the appropriateness of Wells Fargo's sales goals and to highlight that the vast majority of Wells Fargo employees 'got it right.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Stumpf and Tolstedt had previously been forced to return tens of millions of dollars. With the new clawbacks, Wells Fargo's board says, the bank has now recovered more than $180 million in executive compensation over the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that total, $69 million has come from Stumpf and $67 million from Tolstedt, the bank says. Stumpf \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf-resigns-amid-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">resigned in October of 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wells Fargo report cites \"distortion\" of the sales culture and management system in the unit that was at the heart of the scandal, as well as other organizational issues, as reasons why essential problems weren't addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing a system that sometimes \"imposed excessive pressure\" on lower-rung workers during Tolstedt's long tenure, the report says employees in the Community Bank division were ranked against each other on \"scorecards\" that were updated daily. Workers were paid and promoted based on sales goals that executives knew were often unattainable, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Wells Fargo employees who tried to raise red flags about the sales practices \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/21/498804659/former-wells-fargo-employees-join-class-action-lawsuit\">have told NPR's Chris Arnold\u003c/a> that they were fired or pushed to resign — and an investigation showed that the bank had put black marks against those employees' names in a permanent national database used by banks and regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how executives responded to problems within the sales division, the report states, \"Tolstedt and certain of her inner circle were insular and defensive and did not like to be challenged or hear negative information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tolstedt's current perspective isn't represented in the report — its authors say she \"declined, on advice of counsel, to be interviewed as part of this investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that in January, Wells Fargo changed its incentive program to focus on \"customer service rather than selling products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've previously reported:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When accusations of fraud were circulating last fall, it emerged that Tolstedt was set to leave Wells Fargo with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493791920/wells-fargo-units-leader-departs-with-125-million-after-group-incurs-record-fine\">$124.6 million in stock and options\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stumpf \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/annual-reports/2016-proxy-statement.pdf\">made $19.3 million in annual compensation \u003c/a>(including a performance bonus of $12.5 million) in 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On Capitol Hill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/20/494738797/you-should-resign-watch-sen-elizabeth-warren-grill-wells-fargo-ceo-john-stumpf\">Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D- Mass., accused Stumpf\u003c/a> of netting more than $200 million after the sales practices boosted the bank's stock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In February, two cities \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/08/514133514/two-cities-vote-to-pull-more-than-3-billion-from-wells-fargo-over-dakota-pipelin\">pulled more than $3 billion\u003c/a> in annual cash flow from Wells Fargo over its role in the Dakota Access Pipeline project.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+Claws+Back+%2475+Million+More+From+2+Executives+Over+Fake+Accounts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's What California's Wildflower 'Super Bloom' Looks Like From Space",
"headTitle": "Here’s What California’s Wildflower ‘Super Bloom’ Looks Like From Space | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong> United's CEO, Oscar Munoz, has issued a statement on the incident, apologizing for the \"re-accommodation\" of passengers bumped from its Chicago-Louisville flight and \"reaching out\" to the man who security personnel dragged from its aircraft:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This is an upsetting event to all of us here at United. I apologize for having to re-accommodate these customers. Our team is moving with a sense of urgency to work with authorities and conduct our own detailed review of what happened. We are also reaching out to this passenger to talk directly to him and further address and resolve this situation.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/united/status/851471781827420160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> United Airlines is the latest U.S. company trying to boldly prove there's no such thing as bad publicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airline is in the spotlight Monday because of videos showing security \u003ca href=\"http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2017/04/10/video-shows-man-forcibly-removed-united-flight-chicago-louisville/100274374/\" target=\"_blank\">dragging a screaming passenger\u003c/a> off a plane at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet-unidentified passenger's offense: He declined to leave the Louisville flight after he was randomly selected to be bumped in favor of a United employee who needed to be in the Kentucky city on Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passenger reportedly had tried to explain he was a doctor who also needed to be in Louisville -- to see patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the climax of the incident, as shared on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/nlitenmebabe/status/851440392176381958\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man was bleeding from the nose and lip as he was dragged down the aisle by personnel the airline identified as \"law enforcement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United said in a statement after the episode that it needed to bump passengers because the flight was overbooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to one account, the airline offered $400 for volunteers; having gotten no takers, it increased the offer to $800. When no one gave up their seat, United chose four passengers at random to get off the flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security was called in, the airline said, when one passenger refused to leave his seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos posted to social media show passengers protesting as the man is wrestled from his seat and dragged down the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One passenger asks whether the airline can rent a car so its employees could get to Louisville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good going, guys,\" one passenger says to the officers. \"You busted his lip,\" another man says. \"Oh, my God! Look at what you did to him!\" a third passenger cries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/audra.dickerson/videos/vb.12932532/10104378182069960/?type=2&theater\" target=\"_blank\">Audra Bridges\u003c/a>, one of those on the plane who shared a video online, urged people to share it and wrote, \"We are all so disgusted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United's statement did say it was sorry -- but not for its treatment of the passenger in the videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We apologize for the overbook situation,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong> United's CEO, Oscar Munoz, has issued a statement on the incident, apologizing for the \"re-accommodation\" of passengers bumped from its Chicago-Louisville flight and \"reaching out\" to the man who security personnel dragged from its aircraft:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This is an upsetting event to all of us here at United. I apologize for having to re-accommodate these customers. Our team is moving with a sense of urgency to work with authorities and conduct our own detailed review of what happened. We are also reaching out to this passenger to talk directly to him and further address and resolve this situation.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> United Airlines is the latest U.S. company trying to boldly prove there's no such thing as bad publicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airline is in the spotlight Monday because of videos showing security \u003ca href=\"http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2017/04/10/video-shows-man-forcibly-removed-united-flight-chicago-louisville/100274374/\" target=\"_blank\">dragging a screaming passenger\u003c/a> off a plane at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The as-yet-unidentified passenger's offense: He declined to leave the Louisville flight after he was randomly selected to be bumped in favor of a United employee who needed to be in the Kentucky city on Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The man was bleeding from the nose and lip as he was dragged down the aisle by personnel the airline identified as \"law enforcement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United said in a statement after the episode that it needed to bump passengers because the flight was overbooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to one account, the airline offered $400 for volunteers; having gotten no takers, it increased the offer to $800. When no one gave up their seat, United chose four passengers at random to get off the flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security was called in, the airline said, when one passenger refused to leave his seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos posted to social media show passengers protesting as the man is wrestled from his seat and dragged down the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One passenger asks whether the airline can rent a car so its employees could get to Louisville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good going, guys,\" one passenger says to the officers. \"You busted his lip,\" another man says. \"Oh, my God! Look at what you did to him!\" a third passenger cries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/audra.dickerson/videos/vb.12932532/10104378182069960/?type=2&theater\" target=\"_blank\">Audra Bridges\u003c/a>, one of those on the plane who shared a video online, urged people to share it and wrote, \"We are all so disgusted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United's statement did say it was sorry -- but not for its treatment of the passenger in the videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We apologize for the overbook situation,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Investigation Underway into Third Fatal Fremont Police Shooting in Two Months",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two Fremont police officers shot and killed a man late Sunday night in an incident that prompted a response from half-a-dozen local law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting marks the third time in the last nine weeks that officers with the East Bay police department have been involved in a fatal officer-involved shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two officers who took part in the most recent incident are on administrative leave and the shooting has prompted two investigations, one by Fremont police and the other by the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident on Sunday night began with a request from the East Bay Regional Parks District police. One of that agency's officers was at a 7-Eleven near Decoto Road and Fremont Boulevard shortly before midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He had come in contact with a vehicle ... and there was a gun involved, multiple subjects,\" said Fremont police Sgt. Ricardo Cortes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parks district officer called for help in what's known as a \"Code 3 cover,\" according to Cortes. That is a call for nearby officers to drop what they're doing, unless they're working an emergency, and head to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous officers responded and detained some of the vehicle's passengers, but one man fled. He was found behind a nearby Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two officers shot and killed the man, who died at the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what prompted the park district officer to call for such a strong response and whether one of the passengers in the car was holding a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation will aim to determine what prompted the officers to open fire, Cortes said. Police have not said if the officers felt threatened or if a gun was found at the scene. And, authorities have not released the name of the man who was killed, as well as the identities of the two officers who shot him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident prompted a massive law enforcement response. Along with the Fremont and East Bay Regional Parks District police departments, officers from the Hayward, Union City, Newark and Milpitas police departments arrived on scene, as did the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting comes a month after Fremont detectives shot and killed a 16-year-old pregnant girl in Hayward. Police have said that an autopsy showed that the girl, identified as Elena Mondragon of Antioch, was in her third trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That March 14 incident began when Fremont police tried to stop a vehicle that Mondragon was in on suspicion of driving a stolen car and armed robbery. When the driver of that car rammed into the detectives' vehicle, they opened fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month earlier, a Fremont officer near Argonaut Way and Mowry Avenue shot and killed 45-year-old Fremont resident Nana Adomako. The officer, identified as James Taylor, was responding to reports that a man attacked employees in a store. The two got involved in a physical struggle and the officer's dog mistakenly bit Taylor. After Adomako allegedly punched Taylor in the head, the officer fired three shots at close range.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two Fremont police officers shot and killed a man late Sunday night in an incident that prompted a response from half-a-dozen local law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting marks the third time in the last nine weeks that officers with the East Bay police department have been involved in a fatal officer-involved shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two officers who took part in the most recent incident are on administrative leave and the shooting has prompted two investigations, one by Fremont police and the other by the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident on Sunday night began with a request from the East Bay Regional Parks District police. One of that agency's officers was at a 7-Eleven near Decoto Road and Fremont Boulevard shortly before midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He had come in contact with a vehicle ... and there was a gun involved, multiple subjects,\" said Fremont police Sgt. Ricardo Cortes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parks district officer called for help in what's known as a \"Code 3 cover,\" according to Cortes. That is a call for nearby officers to drop what they're doing, unless they're working an emergency, and head to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous officers responded and detained some of the vehicle's passengers, but one man fled. He was found behind a nearby Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two officers shot and killed the man, who died at the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what prompted the park district officer to call for such a strong response and whether one of the passengers in the car was holding a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation will aim to determine what prompted the officers to open fire, Cortes said. Police have not said if the officers felt threatened or if a gun was found at the scene. And, authorities have not released the name of the man who was killed, as well as the identities of the two officers who shot him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident prompted a massive law enforcement response. Along with the Fremont and East Bay Regional Parks District police departments, officers from the Hayward, Union City, Newark and Milpitas police departments arrived on scene, as did the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting comes a month after Fremont detectives shot and killed a 16-year-old pregnant girl in Hayward. Police have said that an autopsy showed that the girl, identified as Elena Mondragon of Antioch, was in her third trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That March 14 incident began when Fremont police tried to stop a vehicle that Mondragon was in on suspicion of driving a stolen car and armed robbery. When the driver of that car rammed into the detectives' vehicle, they opened fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month earlier, a Fremont officer near Argonaut Way and Mowry Avenue shot and killed 45-year-old Fremont resident Nana Adomako. The officer, identified as James Taylor, was responding to reports that a man attacked employees in a store. The two got involved in a physical struggle and the officer's dog mistakenly bit Taylor. After Adomako allegedly punched Taylor in the head, the officer fired three shots at close range.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Inside Santa Clara Jails, Predatory Bail Schemes Flourished for Years",
"title": "Inside Santa Clara Jails, Predatory Bail Schemes Flourished for Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>On June 20, 2014, a bail bond agent named Dino Garcia received a phone call from an inmate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/pages/mainjail-visiting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Clara County Main Jail\u003c/a>. The inmate, known as Riley in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\">court documents\u003c/a>, wasn’t calling to bail himself out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was calling about bail for another inmate who had just arrived at the jail. Riley told Garcia the new inmate was trustworthy and willing to use his homes or vehicles as collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia spoke to the man and then got back on the line with Riley, urging him to find more clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get me some good ones, dude, some Asians, some fucking Hindus, some good domestic violence ones,” said Garcia, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p12\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to KQED's Bail Investigation Series\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/LewisBailBondspt1.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part One\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JailMirror.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/BailBondsPart2FixedwithLede.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part Two\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/LewisBailBondspt3.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part Three\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17524_Judge-addresses-holloway-qut.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Garcia wasn’t alone. For years, bail bond agents had been compensating inmates to drum up business in the county’s jails, according to an investigation by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the illegal activity, known as “bail capping,” gave agents an unfair competitive advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also put inmates and the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has learned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/Pages/overview.aspx\">Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department \u003c/a>knew that bail capping was occurring in its jails, but failed to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and court records, KQED has found that at least 30 inmates in Santa Clara County jails were involved in bail-capping schemes. Those recruiters controlled access to the phones, threatened other inmates or promised cheap bail to pressure inmates to sign contracts with certain bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department’s lack of oversight -- and lax policies -- made it easier for agents and inmates to continue working together, in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Gatekeepers of bail'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime inmates in the Santa Clara County Main Jail acted as the “gatekeepers of bail,” according to Alison Filo, the deputy district attorney tasked with prosecuting dozens of bail agents for illegal business practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Culp told KQED he started working for agents from inside the main jail about three months after he was arrested for armed robbery in 2013. He said he worked as a recruiter until he was transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/PVSP.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pleasant Valley State Prison\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp said new inmates had “no choice” but to use the bail bond agents he called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make a phone call, inmates needed a special code. Culp said in the unit where he was serving time, new inmates weren’t given instructions on how to use the phone codes. He would “help” them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1180x1476.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-960x1201.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-520x650.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp.jpg 1313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \u003ccite>(From Scott Culp's case file)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I take their code,” explained Culp. “I use their code, so they’re not able to call their family to have their family bail them out. They have to go through me and through these bail agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, only defendants, their family members or their attorneys can contact a bail agent to arrange bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say that bail capping creates a predatory environment in the jail. First-time inmates are especially vulnerable, because often they’re afraid and have little information. They don’t know, for example, that they may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/pretrial/Pages/Office-of-Pretrial-Services.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">eligible to get out of jail\u003c/a> without paying bail or to have their bail reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their instant reaction is what they see on television or what they read in the newspapers,” Filo said, “Which is, ‘I've got to get bail,’ and that sort of desperation is preyed upon by the inmates who are in custody seeking to get some benefit for themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate-recruiters also angled to maintain that benefit by limiting their competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia complained to an inmate named Alberto Solorio about another inmate who was “pushing people to Luna,” a rival bail agency, Solorio assured him that he would take care of the problem, according to an\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\"> investigator’s summary\u003c/a> of a phone call between the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia told Solorio to get the other inmate “rolled out (kicked out of the dorm).” Solorio responded: “That’s not even a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visitation irregularities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp told KQED that guards were also involved in the illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said guards allowed some bail agents to visit him multiple times a week, even though he was not eligible for bail. During those visits, Culp said, agents would train him to recruit new clients, explaining what kinds of questions to ask inmates to find out their suitability for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED submitted a public records request for the log of Culp’s visitors. In its response, the sheriff’s department said Culp had no visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia, now a former bail agent, told KQED that he saw correctional officers giving other agents special treatment, allowing them access to the jail outside of visiting hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents are supposed to follow the same rules as other jail visitors, according to the sheriff's department, including writing down the names of the inmates they are visiting in a log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one bail agent, Fernando Casillas of Aladdin Bail Bonds, was permitted to bypass visiting procedures. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533677-Casillas1.html\" target=\"_blank\">district attorney’s investigation\u003c/a>, when Casillas came into the jail to interview an inmate, he wrote “inmate” on the log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395508\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958950626/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The inmate who Casillas interviewed was named Lakhbir Singh. Singh told investigators that a jail staff member referred him to Casillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singh said he was then interviewed by someone inside the jail from Aladdin Bail Bonds soon after speaking with this person working at the jail,” the investigator's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that neither he nor his wife called Casillas or \u003ca href=\"https://www.aladdinbailbonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aladdin Bail Bonds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were unable to identify the jail staff member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department did not respond to questions about its visitation procedures or whether it had investigated jail staff in connection with bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office said it did not have evidence to file charges against any guards or jail administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amy Le, president of the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association, said she is not aware of any officer involvement in bail capping schemes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 750 employees here,” she said. “We are all professional people. We do what is right even when no one is watching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le said to her knowledge none of the employees she represents have been investigated or disciplined for bail-related misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If officers are involved in such misconduct, Le said, “They [the officers] don’t need to wear a uniform. They don’t need to work here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11395513 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for illegal business practices including \"bail capping.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for alleged illegal business practices, including bail capping. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20798065700/in/album-72157657509991139/%22\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department has been under \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/25/inmates-brutal-beating-death-spurs-scrutiny-and-reform-in-santa-clara-county-jails/\" target=\"_blank\">scrutiny\u003c/a> since the in-custody death of Michael Tyree on Aug. 26, 2015. Three guards are on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/04/michael-tyree/\" target=\"_blank\">trial\u003c/a> for allegedly beating the mentally ill inmate to death. The guards -- Matthew Farris, Rafael Rodriguez and Jereh Lubrin -- have pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">commission\u003c/a> formed to assess operations in Santa Clara County’s jails in the wake of Tyree’s death did not address illegal activity between bail agents and inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/sanfrancisco\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> would not comment on whether it is investigating the sheriff’s department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$100 deposits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p16\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that jail administrators knew since at least 2012 that illegal bail activity was going on in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 6, 2012, Kevin Heilman, who was then the captain of the main jail, received an email from Sgt. Eric Liddle. A bail agent had complained to Liddle that inmates in the Main Jail were working as paid recruiters for another bail firm. Liddle recommended an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another jail sergeant wrote to Heilman in a follow-up report dated July 31, 2012, that guards had searched the cell of two inmates suspected of being involved in the scheme. They found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account. The two inmates were moved to other areas of the jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents do not indicate whether the sheriff’s department took any action against bail agents, including restricting their access to inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Lt. April McHugh at the Main Jail \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p34\" target=\"_blank\">emailed \u003c/a>sheriff’s department administrators about a call she received from a bail agent named Robert Silva of Amigo Bail Bonds, alleging that bail agents and inmates were still working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping, they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The inmates allegedly question the new inmates as to whether they have bail and when they say they do they intimidate them to go to the other company,” McHugh wrote. “The other company sends commissary packages online anonymously to the inmate who refers the new inmate to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like this inquiry has gone nowhere, but Mr. Silva says he has one or two ‘victims’ who are very afraid to talk, because the bail company has all of their information. I am not sure what he hopes to gain by contacting Main Jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department declined to answer questions about whether it investigated Silva’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the district attorney’s office launched its own bail-capping investigation and found widespread illegal activity between bail agents and jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jail accounting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail practices made it easy for bail agents to pay recruiters with deposits into their inmate commissary accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp, the former Santa Clara County inmate, claims agents paid him $15,000 in one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED couldn’t confirm the payments to Culp. Prosecutors couldn’t either. The jail did not track deposits to commissary accounts, allowing agents to give inmates money without the jail having any record of the source of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that you would have to show some identification or something in order to provide an inmate with commissary credit or phone credit or actual cash,” Filo said. “And you don't. So they were able to freely give those sorts of benefits with no accountability or no paper trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmates leaving the Main Jail would often pass the “business” on to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff's department did not answer questions about whether it has taken measures to track commissary account deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three-way calling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents also compensated inmates with free phone calls. Such calls can cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/exploiting-inmates/Content?oid=4185319\" target=\"_blank\">$3 just to establish a connection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara County Main Jail records inmates’ phone calls, and jail staff are supposed to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do random monitoring,” said Le, the correctional officers’ association president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But court records show bail agents regularly used three-way calling to allow their inmate-recruiters to contact friends and family. An inmate would call an agent, who would then forward the call to a phone number that inmate provided. Jail phone records would show only that the inmate called the agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By hiding the ultimate targets of their calls, inmates could use the free calls to intimidate witnesses or run other criminal activities from behind bars, putting the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside the Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the bail agent then uses his or her cellphone or office phone and makes a three-way call to, for instance, that inmate’s domestic violence victim, who is protected by a restraining order, we would have no way to prove that phone call was made,” prosecutor Filo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le said if inmates are caught making three-way calls, they can have their calling privileges suspended. But, she added, the volume of jailhouse calls makes monitoring them difficult. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department declined to answer questions about whether jail staff monitored those calls or whether it has taken steps to block three-way calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he never paid inmates with cash. But he acknowledged giving them free phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show that during a five-month period in 2014, Garcia received 934 calls from the jail to his personal cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the district attorney’s office started combing through thousands of recorded phone calls between bail agents and inmates in September 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late August 2015, Garcia peered through the blinds in his living room. He found his house surrounded by law enforcement officers with their guns drawn. They were pointing at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Holy smokes!’ ” Garcia said. “I thought I was dreaming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Garcia and booked him into the Santa Clara County Main Jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's funny, because I couldn't get through to anyone,” he said. “Everybody was in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Garcia, law enforcement officers arrested 30 other bail bond agents. It was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2015/release083-15.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">largest bust\u003c/a> of its kind in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Filo said when the district attorney’s office first began looking into bail-capping allegations, it didn’t expect to uncover evidence against so many bail agents. She said at some point investigators had to limit the scope of their work to get through the evidence they already had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worked for a small firm, but many of those agents were employed by some of the nation’s biggest bail providers, including Aladdin, All-Pro Bail Bonds and Bail Hotline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia will serve three months in jail for his involvement in bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Clara County District Attorney's office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958801736/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the agents who were arrested have accepted plea deals, with sentences ranging from community service to four months in jail. Seven of the cases have yet to be adjudicated. One agent, Garcia’s boss, went to trial and was found not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No charges were filed against any bail firms or inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Clayton, director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbailcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> American Bail Coalition\u003c/a>, insisted the agents who were arrested do not represent the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t agree with people doing the alleged conduct, and if it is happening it does need to be stopped,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said bail agents who don’t follow the rules should have their licenses revoked, but doesn’t think they should face felony charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Charity bonds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlawful bail practices aren’t unique to Santa Clara County. In the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-former-lapd-jailer-accused-taking-bribes-20160506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/news/publications/2012-13GrandJuryFinalReportonlineposting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangecounty-bailbonds.com/dui-blog/394-inmate-capping-the-dirty-little-secret-inside-our-jails\" target=\"_blank\">Orange\u003c/a> counties have reported bail-capping cases. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/multimedia/0030VideoHearings/bailhearingvideo.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>, which regulates the bail industry, estimated that since 2012, complaints about illegal activity by bail agents have tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these have come from other bail agents. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/Pages/DA-office-site-home-page.aspx\">Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office\u003c/a> launched its 2014 investigation after receiving complaints from agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in complaints may be a result of increased competition within the industry, which generates $2 billion in revenue nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony from Sylvia Herrera, a former Aladdin employee and a witness in the bail-capping cases, agents had to bring in $50,000 and write 20-30 bonds a month. Herrera said the quota was nearly impossible to meet without bending the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described several occasions when she posted bonds for defendants for as little as $10 down. She said she would set up a payment plan for a defendant, knowing the person would probably never pay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said agents don’t make a commission on these “charity bonds,” but the deals boost their monthly numbers, and the bail agency is satisfied because the competition for those bonds is eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aladdin didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payment plans are common in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/03/how-bail-works/\" target=\"_blank\">bail industry\u003c/a>. But they can put the public at risk. A defendant facing felony charges for a violent crime can get out of jail while paying a fraction of the standard bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533676-Alvarez.html#document/p7\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that a Santa Clara County defendant charged with a felony -- battery with serious bodily injury -- bargained with a bail agent to get out of jail for a $150 down payment. A judge had set his bail at $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final terms of this deal, like all bail bond deals, aren’t known to the public, the courts or regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton, the bail industry spokesman, acknowledged that payment plans are a problem. Other states have a set “floor” on how much money a defendant has to put up, but California does not. He said in an effort to get business, bail agents here offer defendants smaller and smaller down payments as part of a “race to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balloon payments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of these payment plans can also hurt defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some payment plans are structured like payday loans, with debt payments ballooning over time, according to Cherise Burdeen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pretrial Justice Institute\u003c/a>, an organization working to end for-profit bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will be paying long after they've satisfied whatever conditions they agreed to for the court,” Burdeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who sign bail contracts with payment plans can lose their cars or even their homes. Often it’s not the defendant who pays, but a family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a> said it does not regulate contracts between agents and individuals. Teresa Campbell, assistant chief counsel for the department, said it often receives calls from people who say that a bail agent has taken possession of a car used for collateral, even though the defendant has not missed a court date. Campbell said the department can’t make the agent return the car, but it can apply pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those situations, we will try and resolve it by getting that consumer, making that consumer whole,” she said. “They just want that car back, so we can work something out where they pay a fine or they have a restriction, and then they give the car back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the department doesn’t have the resources or the authority to adequately police bail agents. But she said that many bail agents are trying to keep their industry clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bail agents will often make complaints about other bail agents, if they know that they're going into jails or things like that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Alternative to Bail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state lawmakers are considering moving the state away from a money-based bail system to what is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/12/contra-costa-pretrial-program-offers-relief-for-those-who-cant-afford-bail/\" target=\"_blank\">“risk-based” pretrial release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB42\" target=\"_blank\">legislation\u003c/a> sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.robbonta.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Rob Bonta\u003c/a> (D-Alameda) and \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Robert Hertzberg\u003c/a> (D-Van Nuys), defendants would be assessed for release based on a range of risk factors, including employment, criminal history and community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who are considered lower risk will be released on their own recognizance, without having to pay bail. Higher-risk defendants could be released if they comply with certain conditions, such as ankle monitoring or check-ins with a pretrial services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants charged with violent crimes such as murder would not qualify for the pretrial release program. Judges would retain their authority to set bail in cases they deem appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s proponents say that it would reduce the number of people in jail awaiting trial and create a more equitable system. But bail agents say the legislation threatens public safety and undermines defendants’ civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically putting people on parole before they’ve been accused of a crime,” said Corrin Rankin of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbaa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Bail Agents Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rankin said money bail works because bail agents are neutral third parties. They don’t have any stake in what the defendant did or didn’t do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s beside the point,\" Rankin said. \"Our job is to make sure people go to court and we do it well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County is also considering moving away from money bail. It’s studying the feasibility of a nonprofit alternative to commercial bail bonds and looking at expanding pretrial supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective is making Santa Clara County safe and making sure that our justice system is truly just,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/d2-supervisor-cindy-chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">county Supervisor Cindy Chavez\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was updated to include comments from Amy Le, president of the Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association. An earlier version of this post included comments from correctional officer Sean Allen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was completed as part of a John Jay College of Criminal Justice reporting fellowship.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bail bond agents paid inmates to drum up business behind bars, giving them money or free phone calls. KQED has learned that the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department knew this illegal activity was occurring -- but failed to stop it.",
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"description": "Bail bond agents paid inmates to drum up business behind bars, giving them money or free phone calls. KQED has learned that the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department knew this illegal activity was occurring -- but failed to stop it.",
"title": "Inside Santa Clara Jails, Predatory Bail Schemes Flourished for Years | KQED",
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"headline": "Inside Santa Clara Jails, Predatory Bail Schemes Flourished for Years",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On June 20, 2014, a bail bond agent named Dino Garcia received a phone call from an inmate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/pages/mainjail-visiting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Clara County Main Jail\u003c/a>. The inmate, known as Riley in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\">court documents\u003c/a>, wasn’t calling to bail himself out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was calling about bail for another inmate who had just arrived at the jail. Riley told Garcia the new inmate was trustworthy and willing to use his homes or vehicles as collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia spoke to the man and then got back on the line with Riley, urging him to find more clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get me some good ones, dude, some Asians, some fucking Hindus, some good domestic violence ones,” said Garcia, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p12\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to KQED's Bail Investigation Series\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Garcia wasn’t alone. For years, bail bond agents had been compensating inmates to drum up business in the county’s jails, according to an investigation by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the illegal activity, known as “bail capping,” gave agents an unfair competitive advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also put inmates and the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has learned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/Pages/overview.aspx\">Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department \u003c/a>knew that bail capping was occurring in its jails, but failed to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and court records, KQED has found that at least 30 inmates in Santa Clara County jails were involved in bail-capping schemes. Those recruiters controlled access to the phones, threatened other inmates or promised cheap bail to pressure inmates to sign contracts with certain bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department’s lack of oversight -- and lax policies -- made it easier for agents and inmates to continue working together, in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Gatekeepers of bail'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime inmates in the Santa Clara County Main Jail acted as the “gatekeepers of bail,” according to Alison Filo, the deputy district attorney tasked with prosecuting dozens of bail agents for illegal business practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Culp told KQED he started working for agents from inside the main jail about three months after he was arrested for armed robbery in 2013. He said he worked as a recruiter until he was transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/PVSP.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pleasant Valley State Prison\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp said new inmates had “no choice” but to use the bail bond agents he called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make a phone call, inmates needed a special code. Culp said in the unit where he was serving time, new inmates weren’t given instructions on how to use the phone codes. He would “help” them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1180x1476.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-960x1201.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-520x650.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp.jpg 1313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \u003ccite>(From Scott Culp's case file)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I take their code,” explained Culp. “I use their code, so they’re not able to call their family to have their family bail them out. They have to go through me and through these bail agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, only defendants, their family members or their attorneys can contact a bail agent to arrange bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say that bail capping creates a predatory environment in the jail. First-time inmates are especially vulnerable, because often they’re afraid and have little information. They don’t know, for example, that they may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/pretrial/Pages/Office-of-Pretrial-Services.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">eligible to get out of jail\u003c/a> without paying bail or to have their bail reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their instant reaction is what they see on television or what they read in the newspapers,” Filo said, “Which is, ‘I've got to get bail,’ and that sort of desperation is preyed upon by the inmates who are in custody seeking to get some benefit for themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate-recruiters also angled to maintain that benefit by limiting their competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia complained to an inmate named Alberto Solorio about another inmate who was “pushing people to Luna,” a rival bail agency, Solorio assured him that he would take care of the problem, according to an\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\"> investigator’s summary\u003c/a> of a phone call between the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia told Solorio to get the other inmate “rolled out (kicked out of the dorm).” Solorio responded: “That’s not even a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visitation irregularities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp told KQED that guards were also involved in the illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said guards allowed some bail agents to visit him multiple times a week, even though he was not eligible for bail. During those visits, Culp said, agents would train him to recruit new clients, explaining what kinds of questions to ask inmates to find out their suitability for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED submitted a public records request for the log of Culp’s visitors. In its response, the sheriff’s department said Culp had no visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia, now a former bail agent, told KQED that he saw correctional officers giving other agents special treatment, allowing them access to the jail outside of visiting hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents are supposed to follow the same rules as other jail visitors, according to the sheriff's department, including writing down the names of the inmates they are visiting in a log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one bail agent, Fernando Casillas of Aladdin Bail Bonds, was permitted to bypass visiting procedures. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533677-Casillas1.html\" target=\"_blank\">district attorney’s investigation\u003c/a>, when Casillas came into the jail to interview an inmate, he wrote “inmate” on the log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395508\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958950626/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The inmate who Casillas interviewed was named Lakhbir Singh. Singh told investigators that a jail staff member referred him to Casillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singh said he was then interviewed by someone inside the jail from Aladdin Bail Bonds soon after speaking with this person working at the jail,” the investigator's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that neither he nor his wife called Casillas or \u003ca href=\"https://www.aladdinbailbonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aladdin Bail Bonds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were unable to identify the jail staff member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department did not respond to questions about its visitation procedures or whether it had investigated jail staff in connection with bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office said it did not have evidence to file charges against any guards or jail administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amy Le, president of the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association, said she is not aware of any officer involvement in bail capping schemes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 750 employees here,” she said. “We are all professional people. We do what is right even when no one is watching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le said to her knowledge none of the employees she represents have been investigated or disciplined for bail-related misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If officers are involved in such misconduct, Le said, “They [the officers] don’t need to wear a uniform. They don’t need to work here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11395513 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for illegal business practices including \"bail capping.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for alleged illegal business practices, including bail capping. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20798065700/in/album-72157657509991139/%22\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department has been under \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/25/inmates-brutal-beating-death-spurs-scrutiny-and-reform-in-santa-clara-county-jails/\" target=\"_blank\">scrutiny\u003c/a> since the in-custody death of Michael Tyree on Aug. 26, 2015. Three guards are on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/04/michael-tyree/\" target=\"_blank\">trial\u003c/a> for allegedly beating the mentally ill inmate to death. The guards -- Matthew Farris, Rafael Rodriguez and Jereh Lubrin -- have pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">commission\u003c/a> formed to assess operations in Santa Clara County’s jails in the wake of Tyree’s death did not address illegal activity between bail agents and inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/sanfrancisco\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> would not comment on whether it is investigating the sheriff’s department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$100 deposits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p16\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that jail administrators knew since at least 2012 that illegal bail activity was going on in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 6, 2012, Kevin Heilman, who was then the captain of the main jail, received an email from Sgt. Eric Liddle. A bail agent had complained to Liddle that inmates in the Main Jail were working as paid recruiters for another bail firm. Liddle recommended an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another jail sergeant wrote to Heilman in a follow-up report dated July 31, 2012, that guards had searched the cell of two inmates suspected of being involved in the scheme. They found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account. The two inmates were moved to other areas of the jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents do not indicate whether the sheriff’s department took any action against bail agents, including restricting their access to inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Lt. April McHugh at the Main Jail \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p34\" target=\"_blank\">emailed \u003c/a>sheriff’s department administrators about a call she received from a bail agent named Robert Silva of Amigo Bail Bonds, alleging that bail agents and inmates were still working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping, they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The inmates allegedly question the new inmates as to whether they have bail and when they say they do they intimidate them to go to the other company,” McHugh wrote. “The other company sends commissary packages online anonymously to the inmate who refers the new inmate to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like this inquiry has gone nowhere, but Mr. Silva says he has one or two ‘victims’ who are very afraid to talk, because the bail company has all of their information. I am not sure what he hopes to gain by contacting Main Jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department declined to answer questions about whether it investigated Silva’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the district attorney’s office launched its own bail-capping investigation and found widespread illegal activity between bail agents and jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jail accounting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail practices made it easy for bail agents to pay recruiters with deposits into their inmate commissary accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp, the former Santa Clara County inmate, claims agents paid him $15,000 in one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED couldn’t confirm the payments to Culp. Prosecutors couldn’t either. The jail did not track deposits to commissary accounts, allowing agents to give inmates money without the jail having any record of the source of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that you would have to show some identification or something in order to provide an inmate with commissary credit or phone credit or actual cash,” Filo said. “And you don't. So they were able to freely give those sorts of benefits with no accountability or no paper trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmates leaving the Main Jail would often pass the “business” on to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff's department did not answer questions about whether it has taken measures to track commissary account deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three-way calling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents also compensated inmates with free phone calls. Such calls can cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/exploiting-inmates/Content?oid=4185319\" target=\"_blank\">$3 just to establish a connection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara County Main Jail records inmates’ phone calls, and jail staff are supposed to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do random monitoring,” said Le, the correctional officers’ association president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But court records show bail agents regularly used three-way calling to allow their inmate-recruiters to contact friends and family. An inmate would call an agent, who would then forward the call to a phone number that inmate provided. Jail phone records would show only that the inmate called the agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By hiding the ultimate targets of their calls, inmates could use the free calls to intimidate witnesses or run other criminal activities from behind bars, putting the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside the Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the bail agent then uses his or her cellphone or office phone and makes a three-way call to, for instance, that inmate’s domestic violence victim, who is protected by a restraining order, we would have no way to prove that phone call was made,” prosecutor Filo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le said if inmates are caught making three-way calls, they can have their calling privileges suspended. But, she added, the volume of jailhouse calls makes monitoring them difficult. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department declined to answer questions about whether jail staff monitored those calls or whether it has taken steps to block three-way calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he never paid inmates with cash. But he acknowledged giving them free phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show that during a five-month period in 2014, Garcia received 934 calls from the jail to his personal cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the district attorney’s office started combing through thousands of recorded phone calls between bail agents and inmates in September 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late August 2015, Garcia peered through the blinds in his living room. He found his house surrounded by law enforcement officers with their guns drawn. They were pointing at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Holy smokes!’ ” Garcia said. “I thought I was dreaming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Garcia and booked him into the Santa Clara County Main Jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's funny, because I couldn't get through to anyone,” he said. “Everybody was in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Garcia, law enforcement officers arrested 30 other bail bond agents. It was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2015/release083-15.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">largest bust\u003c/a> of its kind in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Filo said when the district attorney’s office first began looking into bail-capping allegations, it didn’t expect to uncover evidence against so many bail agents. She said at some point investigators had to limit the scope of their work to get through the evidence they already had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worked for a small firm, but many of those agents were employed by some of the nation’s biggest bail providers, including Aladdin, All-Pro Bail Bonds and Bail Hotline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia will serve three months in jail for his involvement in bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Clara County District Attorney's office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958801736/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the agents who were arrested have accepted plea deals, with sentences ranging from community service to four months in jail. Seven of the cases have yet to be adjudicated. One agent, Garcia’s boss, went to trial and was found not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No charges were filed against any bail firms or inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Clayton, director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbailcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> American Bail Coalition\u003c/a>, insisted the agents who were arrested do not represent the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t agree with people doing the alleged conduct, and if it is happening it does need to be stopped,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said bail agents who don’t follow the rules should have their licenses revoked, but doesn’t think they should face felony charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Charity bonds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlawful bail practices aren’t unique to Santa Clara County. In the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-former-lapd-jailer-accused-taking-bribes-20160506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/news/publications/2012-13GrandJuryFinalReportonlineposting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangecounty-bailbonds.com/dui-blog/394-inmate-capping-the-dirty-little-secret-inside-our-jails\" target=\"_blank\">Orange\u003c/a> counties have reported bail-capping cases. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/multimedia/0030VideoHearings/bailhearingvideo.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>, which regulates the bail industry, estimated that since 2012, complaints about illegal activity by bail agents have tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these have come from other bail agents. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/Pages/DA-office-site-home-page.aspx\">Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office\u003c/a> launched its 2014 investigation after receiving complaints from agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in complaints may be a result of increased competition within the industry, which generates $2 billion in revenue nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony from Sylvia Herrera, a former Aladdin employee and a witness in the bail-capping cases, agents had to bring in $50,000 and write 20-30 bonds a month. Herrera said the quota was nearly impossible to meet without bending the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described several occasions when she posted bonds for defendants for as little as $10 down. She said she would set up a payment plan for a defendant, knowing the person would probably never pay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said agents don’t make a commission on these “charity bonds,” but the deals boost their monthly numbers, and the bail agency is satisfied because the competition for those bonds is eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aladdin didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payment plans are common in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/03/how-bail-works/\" target=\"_blank\">bail industry\u003c/a>. But they can put the public at risk. A defendant facing felony charges for a violent crime can get out of jail while paying a fraction of the standard bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533676-Alvarez.html#document/p7\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that a Santa Clara County defendant charged with a felony -- battery with serious bodily injury -- bargained with a bail agent to get out of jail for a $150 down payment. A judge had set his bail at $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final terms of this deal, like all bail bond deals, aren’t known to the public, the courts or regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton, the bail industry spokesman, acknowledged that payment plans are a problem. Other states have a set “floor” on how much money a defendant has to put up, but California does not. He said in an effort to get business, bail agents here offer defendants smaller and smaller down payments as part of a “race to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balloon payments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of these payment plans can also hurt defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some payment plans are structured like payday loans, with debt payments ballooning over time, according to Cherise Burdeen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pretrial Justice Institute\u003c/a>, an organization working to end for-profit bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will be paying long after they've satisfied whatever conditions they agreed to for the court,” Burdeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who sign bail contracts with payment plans can lose their cars or even their homes. Often it’s not the defendant who pays, but a family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a> said it does not regulate contracts between agents and individuals. Teresa Campbell, assistant chief counsel for the department, said it often receives calls from people who say that a bail agent has taken possession of a car used for collateral, even though the defendant has not missed a court date. Campbell said the department can’t make the agent return the car, but it can apply pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those situations, we will try and resolve it by getting that consumer, making that consumer whole,” she said. “They just want that car back, so we can work something out where they pay a fine or they have a restriction, and then they give the car back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the department doesn’t have the resources or the authority to adequately police bail agents. But she said that many bail agents are trying to keep their industry clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bail agents will often make complaints about other bail agents, if they know that they're going into jails or things like that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Alternative to Bail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state lawmakers are considering moving the state away from a money-based bail system to what is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/12/contra-costa-pretrial-program-offers-relief-for-those-who-cant-afford-bail/\" target=\"_blank\">“risk-based” pretrial release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB42\" target=\"_blank\">legislation\u003c/a> sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.robbonta.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Rob Bonta\u003c/a> (D-Alameda) and \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Robert Hertzberg\u003c/a> (D-Van Nuys), defendants would be assessed for release based on a range of risk factors, including employment, criminal history and community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who are considered lower risk will be released on their own recognizance, without having to pay bail. Higher-risk defendants could be released if they comply with certain conditions, such as ankle monitoring or check-ins with a pretrial services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants charged with violent crimes such as murder would not qualify for the pretrial release program. Judges would retain their authority to set bail in cases they deem appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s proponents say that it would reduce the number of people in jail awaiting trial and create a more equitable system. But bail agents say the legislation threatens public safety and undermines defendants’ civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically putting people on parole before they’ve been accused of a crime,” said Corrin Rankin of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbaa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Bail Agents Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rankin said money bail works because bail agents are neutral third parties. They don’t have any stake in what the defendant did or didn’t do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s beside the point,\" Rankin said. \"Our job is to make sure people go to court and we do it well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County is also considering moving away from money bail. It’s studying the feasibility of a nonprofit alternative to commercial bail bonds and looking at expanding pretrial supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective is making Santa Clara County safe and making sure that our justice system is truly just,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/d2-supervisor-cindy-chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">county Supervisor Cindy Chavez\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was updated to include comments from Amy Le, president of the Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association. An earlier version of this post included comments from correctional officer Sean Allen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was completed as part of a John Jay College of Criminal Justice reporting fellowship.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "ACLU Slams SFO's New License Plate Reader Policy",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco International Airport can record the license plate information of everyone who uses its roads and parking garages and it can keep the data on file for more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Airport Commission voted last month on a new policy that gives more than 70 SFO employees access to a license plate information database and allows the airport to release the data to the San Francisco Police Department, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Department and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can grab license plate information from millions of people a year. In 2016, the airport served more than 53 million passengers — many of them drove to and from SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access that the airport’s new rules provide could become a “honeypot” for authorities, according to Matt Cagle, a technology and civil liberties policy attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does law enforcement need to know who’s visiting SFO?” Cagle asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing if a crime has been committed or if there’s a legitimate demand from law enforcement with a warrant,” he said. “But it’s another thing if the airport has decided to simply share this information with law enforcement for their own purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data collection not only affects travelers but also people who pick up their relatives and friends at the airport. And it comes at a heightened time for free speech protests at the airport: In recent months hundreds of people flocked to SFO to protest President Trump’s travel ban affecting people from Muslim-majority nations and refugees worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle says the new policy allows the airport to hold onto the information for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If data is kept at all, it should only be kept for days or weeks, at most, not placed in a multiyear database,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airport’s license plate policy was prompted by legislation authored by state Sen. Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) and signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2015. It went into effect last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Bill 34 requires security protections for data collected by the plate readers and “public disclosure” about the use of the technology by public agencies, which have to post their policies online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO emphasizes that the main role of its license plate readers is to help administer FasTrak accounts at its garages and to track “commercial operators,” like taxis and limos, on its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to remember that the primary purpose for the system that we’ve established here is for revenue collection,” airport spokesman Doug Yakel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is there a correlation to law enforcement efforts? Of course,” Yakel said. “It’s a benefit to thwarting vehicle theft and other types of crimes. But that’s really not primarily how it’s used.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco International Airport can record the license plate information of everyone who uses its roads and parking garages and it can keep the data on file for more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Airport Commission voted last month on a new policy that gives more than 70 SFO employees access to a license plate information database and allows the airport to release the data to the San Francisco Police Department, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Department and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can grab license plate information from millions of people a year. In 2016, the airport served more than 53 million passengers — many of them drove to and from SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access that the airport’s new rules provide could become a “honeypot” for authorities, according to Matt Cagle, a technology and civil liberties policy attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does law enforcement need to know who’s visiting SFO?” Cagle asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing if a crime has been committed or if there’s a legitimate demand from law enforcement with a warrant,” he said. “But it’s another thing if the airport has decided to simply share this information with law enforcement for their own purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data collection not only affects travelers but also people who pick up their relatives and friends at the airport. And it comes at a heightened time for free speech protests at the airport: In recent months hundreds of people flocked to SFO to protest President Trump’s travel ban affecting people from Muslim-majority nations and refugees worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle says the new policy allows the airport to hold onto the information for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If data is kept at all, it should only be kept for days or weeks, at most, not placed in a multiyear database,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airport’s license plate policy was prompted by legislation authored by state Sen. Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) and signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2015. It went into effect last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Bill 34 requires security protections for data collected by the plate readers and “public disclosure” about the use of the technology by public agencies, which have to post their policies online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO emphasizes that the main role of its license plate readers is to help administer FasTrak accounts at its garages and to track “commercial operators,” like taxis and limos, on its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to remember that the primary purpose for the system that we’ve established here is for revenue collection,” airport spokesman Doug Yakel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is there a correlation to law enforcement efforts? Of course,” Yakel said. “It’s a benefit to thwarting vehicle theft and other types of crimes. But that’s really not primarily how it’s used.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What a 23andMe Disease Risk Report Can Tell You and What It Can't",
"title": "What a 23andMe Disease Risk Report Can Tell You and What It Can't",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The genetic testing company 23andMe received \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/06/genetic-test-alzheimers/\">approval\u003c/a> this week from regulators to sell genetic reports on an individual’s risk for 10 diseases, most prominently Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Before you send in your saliva sample and $199, here’s what you should know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What will a genetic test actually tell me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">At most, that you carry a DNA variant that, according to research, is associated with a higher risk of a disease. For the rare clotting disorder hereditary thrombophilia, for instance, the report will say that you do or do not carry a variant called Factor V Leiden in the F5 gene and a variant called Prothrombin G20210A in the F2 gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>23and me is still fine-tuning the reports, but its tests will also tell you how the presence (or absence) of variants affects risk. If there’s enough science to quantify that, the report will specify a percentage, like “your risk is 3 percent.” If not, it will just say there’s an (unspecified) increased risk. Of course, you can also look it up. For Alzheimer’s, carrying two copies of the Apoe4 variant (one from each parent), as \u003ca href=\"https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih9/bioethics/guide/pdf/Master_4-2.pdf\">1 to 2 percent\u003c/a> of the population does, raises the risk of the disease to as much as 87 percent, for instance, compared to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/11/21/dementia-rate-decline/\">9 percent\u003c/a> in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What diseases can 23andMe tell me about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">This month, late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, the clotting disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Gaucher disease. Soon — the company hasn’t said exactly when — it will also test for genetic variants linked to factor XI deficiency (excessive bleeding), celiac disease, anemia-causing G6PD deficiency, the movement disorder early-onset primary dystonia, and the blood illness hereditary hemochromatosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the test tell me if I’m doomed to get one of these terrible disorders?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. None of the genetic variants that 23andMe tests for is what’s called “fully penetrant,” meaning that 100 percent of those who carry the variant develop the disease. By not “fully,” we mean \u003cem>really\u003c/em> not fully, as in the risk might be measured in the single-digit percentages. “It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease,” said James Beck, chief scientific officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation. The N370S variant in the GBA gene, for instance, triples the risk of Parkinson’s, Beck said, but with a baseline risk of 0.3 percent that means about a 1 percent risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do these tests work better for some ethnic groups than others?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geneticists have studied more people of European descent than other groups, so they have more data on white people. 23andMe knows this, so its reports will include warnings such as that the test results are “most relevant for people of European descent” (for Alzheimer’s), “. . . for people of European, Ashkenazi Jewish, and North African Berber descent” (for Parkinson’s), and “. . . for people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent” (Factor XI Deficiency). With Alzheimer’s, the effect of the ApoE4 variant is weaker in African-Americans, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/07/genetic-analysis-need-to-know/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The genetic testing company 23andMe has received FDA approval to sell genetic reports on an individual’s risk for 10 diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The genetic testing company 23andMe received \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/06/genetic-test-alzheimers/\">approval\u003c/a> this week from regulators to sell genetic reports on an individual’s risk for 10 diseases, most prominently Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Before you send in your saliva sample and $199, here’s what you should know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What will a genetic test actually tell me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">At most, that you carry a DNA variant that, according to research, is associated with a higher risk of a disease. For the rare clotting disorder hereditary thrombophilia, for instance, the report will say that you do or do not carry a variant called Factor V Leiden in the F5 gene and a variant called Prothrombin G20210A in the F2 gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>23and me is still fine-tuning the reports, but its tests will also tell you how the presence (or absence) of variants affects risk. If there’s enough science to quantify that, the report will specify a percentage, like “your risk is 3 percent.” If not, it will just say there’s an (unspecified) increased risk. Of course, you can also look it up. For Alzheimer’s, carrying two copies of the Apoe4 variant (one from each parent), as \u003ca href=\"https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih9/bioethics/guide/pdf/Master_4-2.pdf\">1 to 2 percent\u003c/a> of the population does, raises the risk of the disease to as much as 87 percent, for instance, compared to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/11/21/dementia-rate-decline/\">9 percent\u003c/a> in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What diseases can 23andMe tell me about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">This month, late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, the clotting disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Gaucher disease. Soon — the company hasn’t said exactly when — it will also test for genetic variants linked to factor XI deficiency (excessive bleeding), celiac disease, anemia-causing G6PD deficiency, the movement disorder early-onset primary dystonia, and the blood illness hereditary hemochromatosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the test tell me if I’m doomed to get one of these terrible disorders?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. None of the genetic variants that 23andMe tests for is what’s called “fully penetrant,” meaning that 100 percent of those who carry the variant develop the disease. By not “fully,” we mean \u003cem>really\u003c/em> not fully, as in the risk might be measured in the single-digit percentages. “It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease,” said James Beck, chief scientific officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation. The N370S variant in the GBA gene, for instance, triples the risk of Parkinson’s, Beck said, but with a baseline risk of 0.3 percent that means about a 1 percent risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do these tests work better for some ethnic groups than others?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geneticists have studied more people of European descent than other groups, so they have more data on white people. 23andMe knows this, so its reports will include warnings such as that the test results are “most relevant for people of European descent” (for Alzheimer’s), “. . . for people of European, Ashkenazi Jewish, and North African Berber descent” (for Parkinson’s), and “. . . for people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent” (Factor XI Deficiency). With Alzheimer’s, the effect of the ApoE4 variant is weaker in African-Americans, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis",
"headTitle": "How ‘Incompetent Rock’ Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/04/OrovilleGeologyWEBMiller170410.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hoPb8GrhWSM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.",
"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
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"headline": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last November, California voters defeated a \u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/en/propositions/61/analysis.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ballot proposal\u003c/a> that would have given state government more control over drug prices. It was a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/voters-approve-2-tobacco-tax-but-remain-mixed-on-other-health-measures/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">victory\u003c/a> for pharmaceutical companies, who spent more than $100 million campaigning against the measure. Now the industry is fighting new efforts by state lawmakers to control the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug makers are watching \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 17 \u003c/a>in particular. Instead of direct price controls, it takes a different tack: price transparency. Drug companies would have to announce large price hikes and give detailed justifications to explain why the prices are going up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman \u003ca href=\"https://a02.asmdc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Wood\u003c/a> supported a similar \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that failed to move forward a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically an effort to provide some transparency around how drug companies price their products,” Wood said. “How do you arrive at these? And what are your practices?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 17 is scheduled for a hearing in the \u003ca href=\"http://shea.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Committee on Health\u003c/a> on April 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wood chairs the \u003ca href=\"http://ahea.assembly.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Committee on Health\u003c/a> in the Assembly. “If you can’t understand what’s going on, how could you possibly make efforts to change that?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical manufactures frequently argue that drug prices are high because it’s expensive to conduct the scientific research and development that is necessary to bring a drug to market. But Wood says we can’t simply take their word on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/316603543″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would personally love to know how much they spend on advertising and marketing, versus how much they spend on R&D,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug industry representatives and researchers visited the Capitol Wednesday to meet with lawmakers and promote their contributions to the California economy. The pharmaceutical industry employs more people in California than any other state (145,880 jobs), according to Priscilla VanderVeer, a spokeswoman with \u003ca href=\"http://www.phrma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of American. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer said SB 17 won’t do anything to help consumers. “If the problem is that patients are having a hard time affording their medicines, which we know they are, then let’s come to the table and talk about solutions that can actually help them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer said one problem is that consumers often must pay the full list price of a drug, even if they are insured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes when a patient goes to the pharmacy counter and they haven’t reached their deductible, or they have a co-insurance on their drugs, they’re paying that off the list price, not the negotiated rate their insurance has,” she said. VanderVeer says that doesn’t happen to insured patients in other parts of the health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I give the example of the hospital. You know the $350 x-ray that your insurance brings down to $50, and then you pay your cost-sharing off the $50. That’s not happening with your drugs, that’s not happening at the pharmacy counter,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer also criticized the bill for ignoring other parts of the pharmaceutical supply chain that also affect prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve also got pharmacy benefit managers and insurers who negotiate the price significantly down, I might say, and then you also got wholesalers who purchase drugs directly and keep them in their warehouses and disseminate them to pharmacies. And then you’ve got pharmacies,” VanderVeer explained. She said those links in the supply chain account for one-third of the final price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Wood agrees that California should pay more attention to \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070215/what-pharmacy-benefit-management-industry.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pharmacy benefit managers\u003c/a>, companies that act as middlemen, negotiating purchase contracts with drug manufacturers on behalf of health plans. Wood has introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">different bill\u003c/a> in the Assembly that would require pharmacy benefit managers to be licensed in California. It would also require them to disclose information about their business practices, including rebates and hidden \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-24/sworn-to-secrecy-drugstores-stay-silent-as-customers-overpay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“clawback” \u003c/a>arrangements that force patients to unwittingly pay more for drugs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last November, California voters defeated a \u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/en/propositions/61/analysis.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ballot proposal\u003c/a> that would have given state government more control over drug prices. It was a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/voters-approve-2-tobacco-tax-but-remain-mixed-on-other-health-measures/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">victory\u003c/a> for pharmaceutical companies, who spent more than $100 million campaigning against the measure. Now the industry is fighting new efforts by state lawmakers to control the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug makers are watching \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 17 \u003c/a>in particular. Instead of direct price controls, it takes a different tack: price transparency. Drug companies would have to announce large price hikes and give detailed justifications to explain why the prices are going up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman \u003ca href=\"https://a02.asmdc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Wood\u003c/a> supported a similar \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that failed to move forward a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically an effort to provide some transparency around how drug companies price their products,” Wood said. “How do you arrive at these? And what are your practices?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 17 is scheduled for a hearing in the \u003ca href=\"http://shea.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Committee on Health\u003c/a> on April 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wood chairs the \u003ca href=\"http://ahea.assembly.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Committee on Health\u003c/a> in the Assembly. “If you can’t understand what’s going on, how could you possibly make efforts to change that?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical manufactures frequently argue that drug prices are high because it’s expensive to conduct the scientific research and development that is necessary to bring a drug to market. But Wood says we can’t simply take their word on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/316603543″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/316603543″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would personally love to know how much they spend on advertising and marketing, versus how much they spend on R&D,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug industry representatives and researchers visited the Capitol Wednesday to meet with lawmakers and promote their contributions to the California economy. The pharmaceutical industry employs more people in California than any other state (145,880 jobs), according to Priscilla VanderVeer, a spokeswoman with \u003ca href=\"http://www.phrma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of American. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer said SB 17 won’t do anything to help consumers. “If the problem is that patients are having a hard time affording their medicines, which we know they are, then let’s come to the table and talk about solutions that can actually help them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer said one problem is that consumers often must pay the full list price of a drug, even if they are insured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes when a patient goes to the pharmacy counter and they haven’t reached their deductible, or they have a co-insurance on their drugs, they’re paying that off the list price, not the negotiated rate their insurance has,” she said. VanderVeer says that doesn’t happen to insured patients in other parts of the health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I give the example of the hospital. You know the $350 x-ray that your insurance brings down to $50, and then you pay your cost-sharing off the $50. That’s not happening with your drugs, that’s not happening at the pharmacy counter,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VanderVeer also criticized the bill for ignoring other parts of the pharmaceutical supply chain that also affect prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve also got pharmacy benefit managers and insurers who negotiate the price significantly down, I might say, and then you also got wholesalers who purchase drugs directly and keep them in their warehouses and disseminate them to pharmacies. And then you’ve got pharmacies,” VanderVeer explained. She said those links in the supply chain account for one-third of the final price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Wood agrees that California should pay more attention to \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070215/what-pharmacy-benefit-management-industry.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pharmacy benefit managers\u003c/a>, companies that act as middlemen, negotiating purchase contracts with drug manufacturers on behalf of health plans. Wood has introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">different bill\u003c/a> in the Assembly that would require pharmacy benefit managers to be licensed in California. It would also require them to disclose information about their business practices, including rebates and hidden \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-24/sworn-to-secrecy-drugstores-stay-silent-as-customers-overpay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“clawback” \u003c/a>arrangements that force patients to unwittingly pay more for drugs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Diesel fuel and hydraulic oil are leaking into San Francisco Bay after powerful winds capsized a freight barge near the Bay Bridge early Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say they are preparing to clean a maximum of 4,000 gallons of diesel fuel and 300 gallons of lube oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 112-foot barge has a crane and is under contract with BART. It is positioned near the underwater rail tunnel through which the transit system's trains pass between San Francisco and Oakland. The barge is used by divers who do underwater anti-corrosion work on the tube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART authorities say that no crews were working on the barge at the time. The agency's engineers say the Transbay Tube is not damaged. There are also no reports of damage to wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Gonzalez of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife says a team of environmental scientists is at the scene monitoring potential damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In that area there's seabirds,\" Gonzalez said. \"Most of the time that animals that are affected in oil spills are seabirds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard reported the sunken barge on Friday shortly after midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard has set aside $50,000 from its oil-spill liability trust fund to use for cleanup, Coast Guard spokeswoman Petty Officer Sarah Wilson said. A crew placed 3,000 feet of boom around the barge, which will serve as a barrier to minimize the impact of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press and KQED's Alissa Escarce.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In that area there's seabirds,\" Gonzalez said. \"Most of the time that animals that are affected in oil spills are seabirds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard reported the sunken barge on Friday shortly after midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard has set aside $50,000 from its oil-spill liability trust fund to use for cleanup, Coast Guard spokeswoman Petty Officer Sarah Wilson said. A crew placed 3,000 feet of boom around the barge, which will serve as a barrier to minimize the impact of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press and KQED's Alissa Escarce.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Withdraws Lawsuit After DHS Drops Demands for Alt-Account's Identity",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NwP8rmngKUwtaU3gBHAn6ucxwkQMJIz8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/849851959913971712\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850093177495269377\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850105469494538241\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850097674913292288\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Sues+Homeland+Security+To+Protect+Anonymity+Of+%27Alt+Immigration%27+Account&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Sues+Homeland+Security+To+Protect+Anonymity+Of+%27Alt+Immigration%27+Account&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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