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"bio": "Alex Emslie is senior editor of talent and development at KQED, where he manages dozens of early career journalists and oversees news department internships.\r\n\r\nHe is a former carpenter and proud graduate of City College of San Francisco and San Francisco State University, where he studied journalism and criminal justice before joining KQED in 2013.\r\n\r\nAlex produced investigative journalism focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667594/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch-video\">criminal justice\u003c/a> and policing for most of a decade. He has broken major stories about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">police use of deadly force\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10454955/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\">officer misconduct\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712239/terrorist-or-troll-judge-to-weigh-whether-oakland-man-really-intended-to-attack-bay-area\">other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11221414/hayward-paid-159000-to-husband-of-retired-police-chief-documents-show\">high\u003c/a>-\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10622762/the-forgotten-tracking-two-homicides-in-san-francisco-public-housing\">profile\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624516/federal-agency-promoted-ranger-just-months-after-his-gun-was-stolen-and-used-in-steinle-killing\">cases\u003c/a>. He co-founded the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a> in 2019 to obtain and report on previously confidential police internal investigations. The effort produced well over 100 original stories and changed the course of multiple criminal cases.\r\n\r\nHis work has been recognized with numerous journalism awards, including a national Edward R. Murrow award for several years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688481/sfpd-officers-in-mario-woods-case-recount-shooting-in-newly-filed-depositions\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Police shooting of Mario Woods. His \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/147854/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\">reporting\u003c/a> on police killings of people in psychiatric crisis was cited in amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court.\r\n\r\nAlex now enjoys mentoring the next generation of journalists at KQED.",
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"bio": "Ryan Levi was a reporter and podcast producer at KQED News from 2016-2019. He worked on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay/\">The Bay, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>, as well as hosting and producing the weekly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/qedup/\">Q'ed Up podcast. \u003c/a>He also helped inaugurate KQED's weekend news coverage in 2017 as one of two original digital producers. Ryan holds degrees in multimedia journalism and Spanish from the University of Missouri.",
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"disqusTitle": "DA: No Criminal Charges for S.F. Officers Who Fatally Shot 20-Year-Old From Behind",
"title": "DA: No Criminal Charges for S.F. Officers Who Fatally Shot 20-Year-Old From Behind",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 7:55 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is insufficient evidence to criminally charge two plainclothes San Francisco police officers who fatally shot a 20-year-old Guatemalan immigrant from behind more than two years ago, the city's district attorney announced on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/27/advocates-press-for-charging-decision-two-years-since-fatal-s-f-police-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long-awaited\u003c/a> decision marks the end of the criminal investigation into the high-profile police killing of Amilcar Perez Lopez, one of a few such incidents that thrust the San Francisco Police Department into years of turmoil, culminating with the May 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resignation\u003c/a> of former SFPD Chief Greg Suhr.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We will never know exactly what happened in those split seconds ... but ultimately, given the proximity of the suspect with a knife to the officers and Abraham P. of just a few feet, the law does not distinguish between whether he was shot coming toward the officers or running away. The law gives significant deference to officers in situations in which they have to make a split-second decision.'\u003ccite>George Gascón\u003cbr>San Francisco District Attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Suhr remains a defendant in a federal civil \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/262989139/Complaint-Estate-of-Amilcar-Perez-Lopez-et-al-v-Suhr-et-al#from_embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> on behalf of Perez Lopez's family, which points out an inconsistency in Suhr's initial description that officers fired as Perez Lopez charged one of them with a large knife raised over his head. That account was called into question by an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/attorneys-autopsy-contradicts-s-f-police-account-of-mission-district-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">independent autopsy\u003c/a> commissioned by attorneys representing Perez Lopez's family, who live in Guatemala. Its findings, later backed up by the city's official medical examiner's report, show Perez Lopez was shot six times from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reconciling the statement of one of the officers involved -- that he fired as Perez Lopez was charging at him -- and the fact that Perez Lopez was shot from behind formed the crux of District Attorney George Gascón's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A human being is dead,\" Gascón said on Wednesday, announcing his decision not to charge the officers. \"Amilcar was someone’s son. He was a family member, and he was a member of our community. His loved ones have suffered a loss and my heart goes out to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, \"Can I prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the officers here did not act in self defense or the defense of others? If we cannot meet this burden, if we cannot show beyond a reasonable doubt that the officers lack a reasonable justification for their actions, then we cannot charge the case. I cannot, and I will not file charges or decline to file charges due to pressure from anyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, though expected, inspired anger from advocates who wanted the case to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If ever there was a case that could be prosecuted, this is it,\" Mission District priest Richard Smith said on Wednesday. \"This was an opportunity for justice where the DA simply failed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Leading to the Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several rumors have circulated about what started the altercation between Perez Lopez and another man, identified by the district attorney's office as Abraham P., who is Abraham Perez. One, which Abraham Perez initially told officers, was that Perez Lopez attacked him after Abraham refused to sell his bicycle. Another involved Abraham Perez stealing Perez Lopez's cellphone, but the phone was in Perez Lopez's pocket when he was shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/PerezLopezShooting2Way20170412.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/5446958381_9e90f58cab_o-e1416954725536.jpg\" Title=\"No Charges for S.F. Officers Who Shot Amilcar Perez Lopez\" program=\"KQED News\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third, which is backed up by the account of one witness and video captured by a passing Muni bus, was that Abraham Perez was taunting Perez Lopez and blocking him from entering his home on Folsom Street, between 24th and 25th streets. Perez Lopez may have circled around Abraham Perez to dash inside his house and grab a kitchen knife with an 8-inch blade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both men appear to have been drinking heavily that evening. Perez Lopez's blood alcohol level was .19 -- intoxicated to the point of \"confusion or excitement, emotional instability, and loss of critical judgment and understanding,\" according to a toxicologist who tested Perez Lopez's blood. Abraham Perez told police he'd consumed half a 24-oz. beer before the incident, but he still smelled of alcohol several hours later, according to the district attorney's summary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers Craig Tiffe and Eric Reboli, who were in plainclothes and an unmarked police car, were the first officers to respond to a 911 call about a person with a knife at about 9:45 p.m. on Feb. 26, 2015. They were nearby and arrived within minutes, where they encountered two men on opposite sides of a parked car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reboli approached a man on the street side of the parked car, who would later be identified as Abraham Perez, and \"announced himself as a police officer and then immediately grabbed Abraham P. by both arms and pinned his arms together in case he was the man with the knife,\" according to the district attorney's summary of Reboli's statement. Reboli told Perez they were going to get out of the street and moved toward the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Tiffe approached Perez Lopez, who was on the sidewalk side of the parked car.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"nRLBQFFvdnjGZXwTrjtDzXlBgWvbUZwE\"]\u003cbr>\nOfficer Tiffe said he thought Perez Lopez appeared to be in an \"altered state\" and described the look on his face as \"bloodlust crazed,\" according to the district attorney's summary of Tiffe's statement. Tiffe said he announced himself as a police officer and asked Perez Lopez to step away from the car. \"Officer Tiffe then pointed to the star on his chest, in case Perez Lopez did not speak English, but he could not tell if Perez Lopez looked at it or understood he was a police officer since he said nothing and simply appeared to 'look through' him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffe said he tried to grab Perez Lopez by the left arm and tried to take him to the ground, but Perez Lopez \"suddenly lunged up at him with his right hand,\" according to the summary of Tiffe's statement. He said he shoved Perez Lopez away, and as the two were separating, Perez Lopez swiped at his chest with an object Tiffe then realized was a \"very large knife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reboli had come to Tiffe's aid at this point. After he was shoved away from Tiffe, Perez Lopez turned and started to run toward Reboli, according to the district attorney's summary of Reboli's statement. He said he reached for both his gun and pepper spray, but couldn't get the pepper spray out of his pocket. Reboli said he shouted either \"Police, drop the knife\" or \"Drop the knife,\" but after a momentary pause, Perez Lopez continued to approach Reboli with the knife, and the officer began to fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He fired five shots over about two seconds, which were recorded by a nearby gunshot detection device at 9:47 p.m. and the phone of the 911 caller, who was still speaking to police dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below is a 3D animation depicting the theory that Perez Lopez may have turned as the officers were deciding to shoot.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr_tIpl6d5I\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's summary of Tiffe's statement says: \"Officer Reboli explained that, once he started to discharge his firearm, Perez Lopez began turning toward the street, then took a step or two before collapsing, face-down, between the two parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officer Tiffe recalled that, as the shots were being fired, Perez Lopez was 'kind of moving in different directions,' was at some point 'facing, at some point he was turning away,' and appeared to fixate on something in the street.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffe fired a single shot as Perez Lopez moved toward the street, the summary said: \"He didn't know exactly where Abraham P. was at that point but believed he was very close and thought that Perez Lopez was going after him, so he fired his weapon one time and saw Perez Lopez fall to the ground.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, uniformed officers were arriving on the block of Folsom between 24th and 25th streets as the shots were being fired, according to the district attorney's summary. As one officer began CPR on Perez Lopez, who was shot through the back of the head among other wounds, another officer spoke with Abraham Perez. The officer recorded Perez saying \"that the man shot by the police wanted his bike and tried to kill him with the knife, and ... that the officer saved his life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's summary of the investigation includes statements or information from a total of 15 independent witnesses, including neighbors who said they heard gunshots and shouting, a man who called 911, a woman waiting for the bus and other bystanders. Part of their information corroborates whether officers Tiffe and Reboli shouted commands before firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four witnesses reported hearing some version of 'Put the knife down,' prior to shots being fired; five witnesses heard some version of 'Get on the ground!' prior to shots being fired; and six witnesses heard yelling or shouting prior to shots being fired, but did not hear or remember the words said,\" according to the district attorney's summary.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We have yet another case of a shooting of a young man of color in which the officers will not be held accountable. ... We hope to have another shot at this to get the details to light and some of the questions answered, but this is a big disappointment.'\u003ccite>Richard Smith\u003cbr>Mission District Priest\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two additional witnesses are former roommates of Perez Lopez who initially told police they hadn't seen anything, but feared their roommate had been shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them spoke to KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://eltecolote.org/content/en/features/how-a-witness-to-fatal-sfpd-shooting-of-amilcar-perez-lopez-came-forward/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Tecolote\u003c/a> last year on condition of anonymity because he said he fears retaliation from the police. Both men also told \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/san-francisco-police-shooting-amilcar-perez-lopez/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mission Local\u003c/a> in 2015 that they feared countering the Police Department's version of the shooting because of their undocumented immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was nearly a year after the shooting that the men, supported by a network of activists around the shooting of Perez Lopez, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/04/how-a-witness-to-fatal-s-f-police-shooting-of-amilcar-perez-lopez-came-forward/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave statements\u003c/a> to district attorney's investigators in the church of a local priest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's investigation notes that the men were likely outside at the time of the shooting -- they were noticed by another pair of witnesses just moments before the gunshots. They both said that, from about 90 feet away, they didn't hear the officers give any commands, never saw Abraham Perez, and that it seemed Perez Lopez was running away when the officers started shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their sight was obstructed by trees and parked vehicles, and they wouldn't have seen Abraham Perez on the other side of the cars. It would have been difficult, if not impossible, for them to see Perez Lopez at the moment he was shot, though they may have been able to see the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>District Attorney's Analysis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's charging decision says that, legally, the officers' account of the shooting indicates that their use of force was justified in self-defense or defense of others. The charging decision then \"turns on whether the officers' statements are consistent with the evidence,\" according to the summary of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis further narrows to \"\u003cem>the moments just before the shots were fired\u003c/em> where it was not immediately clear whether the officers' accounts could be squared with other evidence,\" according to the summary, which notes two crucial inconsistencies. \"These two areas were subject to intense analysis, including close examination by a use of force expert.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first apparent inconsistency involves Reboli's statement that he started to fire as Perez Lopez was coming toward him. \"This statement was examined in light of the findings of the Medical Examiner that five of the six shots that struck Perez Lopez struck him in the back, and with the statement of Abraham P., who said that Perez Lopez had his back to the officers when he was shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use-of-force expert Charles Key examined the case and noted that \"a subject can turn one hundred eighty degrees more quickly than the fact that he/she has turned can be comprehended; thus, the shooter who has decided to fire may not recognize that the person has turned and, perhaps, no longer presents a threat and be able to stop shooting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key also accounts for what he calls \"the mechanics of shooting,\" which changes a person's focus from what their target may be doing to \"shooting the weapon effectively.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key's analysis is further quoted in the district attorney's report on the shooting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words, Reboli may have accurately recalled that Perez Lopez was facing him when he made the decision to shoot and started the process of taking the first shot, but based on action versus reaction time, Perez Lopez would have been able to turn 90 to 180 degrees by the time the first bullet hit him. Further, once Reboli saw Perez Lopez coming toward him with the knife and decided to shoot, his focus would have turned to the mechanics of shooting accurately and he may have at that point lost sight of the exact position of Perez Lopez as he started firing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will never know exactly what happened in those split seconds, which direction Perez Lopez was facing and to whom he posed a threat when the officers made a decision to shoot,\" Gascón said. \"But ultimately, given the proximity of the suspect with a knife to the officers and Abraham P. of just a few feet, the law does not distinguish between whether he was shot coming toward the officers or running away. The law gives significant deference to officers in situations in which they have to make a split-second decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's investigation also intensely analyzed whether Perez Lopez dropped the knife he was holding before police started firing, something Perez Lopez's roommates believed they heard moments before the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA found that, due to the knife's position in the street after the shooting, it's likely that Perez Lopez was still holding it when he was shot. But, according to the district attorney's report, even if he wasn't:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The evidence is also consistent with the officers' \u003cem>belief\u003c/em> that Perez Lopez was still in possession of the knife when they discharged their weapons, even if the evidence supported a finding that the knife had in fact dropped a moment before the shots were fired.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission Distirct priest Richard Smith and other advocates around the case are now looking forward to a civil trial, which could still be a year away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have yet another case of a shooting of a young man of color in which the officers will not be held accountable,\" Smith said. \"We hope to have another shot at this to get the details to light and some of the questions answered, but this is a big disappointment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the district attorney's summary of investigation and legal analysis below:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3553854-FOLSOM-STREET-SUMMARY-and-ANALYSIS\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The long-awaited charging decision ends the criminal investigation into the 2-year-old case, and will allow a federal civil lawsuit to move forward.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 7:55 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is insufficient evidence to criminally charge two plainclothes San Francisco police officers who fatally shot a 20-year-old Guatemalan immigrant from behind more than two years ago, the city's district attorney announced on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/27/advocates-press-for-charging-decision-two-years-since-fatal-s-f-police-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long-awaited\u003c/a> decision marks the end of the criminal investigation into the high-profile police killing of Amilcar Perez Lopez, one of a few such incidents that thrust the San Francisco Police Department into years of turmoil, culminating with the May 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resignation\u003c/a> of former SFPD Chief Greg Suhr.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We will never know exactly what happened in those split seconds ... but ultimately, given the proximity of the suspect with a knife to the officers and Abraham P. of just a few feet, the law does not distinguish between whether he was shot coming toward the officers or running away. The law gives significant deference to officers in situations in which they have to make a split-second decision.'\u003ccite>George Gascón\u003cbr>San Francisco District Attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Suhr remains a defendant in a federal civil \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/262989139/Complaint-Estate-of-Amilcar-Perez-Lopez-et-al-v-Suhr-et-al#from_embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> on behalf of Perez Lopez's family, which points out an inconsistency in Suhr's initial description that officers fired as Perez Lopez charged one of them with a large knife raised over his head. That account was called into question by an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/attorneys-autopsy-contradicts-s-f-police-account-of-mission-district-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">independent autopsy\u003c/a> commissioned by attorneys representing Perez Lopez's family, who live in Guatemala. Its findings, later backed up by the city's official medical examiner's report, show Perez Lopez was shot six times from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reconciling the statement of one of the officers involved -- that he fired as Perez Lopez was charging at him -- and the fact that Perez Lopez was shot from behind formed the crux of District Attorney George Gascón's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A human being is dead,\" Gascón said on Wednesday, announcing his decision not to charge the officers. \"Amilcar was someone’s son. He was a family member, and he was a member of our community. His loved ones have suffered a loss and my heart goes out to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, \"Can I prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the officers here did not act in self defense or the defense of others? If we cannot meet this burden, if we cannot show beyond a reasonable doubt that the officers lack a reasonable justification for their actions, then we cannot charge the case. I cannot, and I will not file charges or decline to file charges due to pressure from anyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, though expected, inspired anger from advocates who wanted the case to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If ever there was a case that could be prosecuted, this is it,\" Mission District priest Richard Smith said on Wednesday. \"This was an opportunity for justice where the DA simply failed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Leading to the Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several rumors have circulated about what started the altercation between Perez Lopez and another man, identified by the district attorney's office as Abraham P., who is Abraham Perez. One, which Abraham Perez initially told officers, was that Perez Lopez attacked him after Abraham refused to sell his bicycle. Another involved Abraham Perez stealing Perez Lopez's cellphone, but the phone was in Perez Lopez's pocket when he was shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third, which is backed up by the account of one witness and video captured by a passing Muni bus, was that Abraham Perez was taunting Perez Lopez and blocking him from entering his home on Folsom Street, between 24th and 25th streets. Perez Lopez may have circled around Abraham Perez to dash inside his house and grab a kitchen knife with an 8-inch blade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both men appear to have been drinking heavily that evening. Perez Lopez's blood alcohol level was .19 -- intoxicated to the point of \"confusion or excitement, emotional instability, and loss of critical judgment and understanding,\" according to a toxicologist who tested Perez Lopez's blood. Abraham Perez told police he'd consumed half a 24-oz. beer before the incident, but he still smelled of alcohol several hours later, according to the district attorney's summary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers Craig Tiffe and Eric Reboli, who were in plainclothes and an unmarked police car, were the first officers to respond to a 911 call about a person with a knife at about 9:45 p.m. on Feb. 26, 2015. They were nearby and arrived within minutes, where they encountered two men on opposite sides of a parked car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reboli approached a man on the street side of the parked car, who would later be identified as Abraham Perez, and \"announced himself as a police officer and then immediately grabbed Abraham P. by both arms and pinned his arms together in case he was the man with the knife,\" according to the district attorney's summary of Reboli's statement. Reboli told Perez they were going to get out of the street and moved toward the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Tiffe approached Perez Lopez, who was on the sidewalk side of the parked car.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nOfficer Tiffe said he thought Perez Lopez appeared to be in an \"altered state\" and described the look on his face as \"bloodlust crazed,\" according to the district attorney's summary of Tiffe's statement. Tiffe said he announced himself as a police officer and asked Perez Lopez to step away from the car. \"Officer Tiffe then pointed to the star on his chest, in case Perez Lopez did not speak English, but he could not tell if Perez Lopez looked at it or understood he was a police officer since he said nothing and simply appeared to 'look through' him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffe said he tried to grab Perez Lopez by the left arm and tried to take him to the ground, but Perez Lopez \"suddenly lunged up at him with his right hand,\" according to the summary of Tiffe's statement. He said he shoved Perez Lopez away, and as the two were separating, Perez Lopez swiped at his chest with an object Tiffe then realized was a \"very large knife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reboli had come to Tiffe's aid at this point. After he was shoved away from Tiffe, Perez Lopez turned and started to run toward Reboli, according to the district attorney's summary of Reboli's statement. He said he reached for both his gun and pepper spray, but couldn't get the pepper spray out of his pocket. Reboli said he shouted either \"Police, drop the knife\" or \"Drop the knife,\" but after a momentary pause, Perez Lopez continued to approach Reboli with the knife, and the officer began to fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He fired five shots over about two seconds, which were recorded by a nearby gunshot detection device at 9:47 p.m. and the phone of the 911 caller, who was still speaking to police dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below is a 3D animation depicting the theory that Perez Lopez may have turned as the officers were deciding to shoot.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Cr_tIpl6d5I'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Cr_tIpl6d5I'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The district attorney's summary of Tiffe's statement says: \"Officer Reboli explained that, once he started to discharge his firearm, Perez Lopez began turning toward the street, then took a step or two before collapsing, face-down, between the two parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officer Tiffe recalled that, as the shots were being fired, Perez Lopez was 'kind of moving in different directions,' was at some point 'facing, at some point he was turning away,' and appeared to fixate on something in the street.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffe fired a single shot as Perez Lopez moved toward the street, the summary said: \"He didn't know exactly where Abraham P. was at that point but believed he was very close and thought that Perez Lopez was going after him, so he fired his weapon one time and saw Perez Lopez fall to the ground.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, uniformed officers were arriving on the block of Folsom between 24th and 25th streets as the shots were being fired, according to the district attorney's summary. As one officer began CPR on Perez Lopez, who was shot through the back of the head among other wounds, another officer spoke with Abraham Perez. The officer recorded Perez saying \"that the man shot by the police wanted his bike and tried to kill him with the knife, and ... that the officer saved his life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's summary of the investigation includes statements or information from a total of 15 independent witnesses, including neighbors who said they heard gunshots and shouting, a man who called 911, a woman waiting for the bus and other bystanders. Part of their information corroborates whether officers Tiffe and Reboli shouted commands before firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four witnesses reported hearing some version of 'Put the knife down,' prior to shots being fired; five witnesses heard some version of 'Get on the ground!' prior to shots being fired; and six witnesses heard yelling or shouting prior to shots being fired, but did not hear or remember the words said,\" according to the district attorney's summary.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We have yet another case of a shooting of a young man of color in which the officers will not be held accountable. ... We hope to have another shot at this to get the details to light and some of the questions answered, but this is a big disappointment.'\u003ccite>Richard Smith\u003cbr>Mission District Priest\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two additional witnesses are former roommates of Perez Lopez who initially told police they hadn't seen anything, but feared their roommate had been shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them spoke to KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://eltecolote.org/content/en/features/how-a-witness-to-fatal-sfpd-shooting-of-amilcar-perez-lopez-came-forward/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Tecolote\u003c/a> last year on condition of anonymity because he said he fears retaliation from the police. Both men also told \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/san-francisco-police-shooting-amilcar-perez-lopez/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mission Local\u003c/a> in 2015 that they feared countering the Police Department's version of the shooting because of their undocumented immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was nearly a year after the shooting that the men, supported by a network of activists around the shooting of Perez Lopez, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/04/how-a-witness-to-fatal-s-f-police-shooting-of-amilcar-perez-lopez-came-forward/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave statements\u003c/a> to district attorney's investigators in the church of a local priest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's investigation notes that the men were likely outside at the time of the shooting -- they were noticed by another pair of witnesses just moments before the gunshots. They both said that, from about 90 feet away, they didn't hear the officers give any commands, never saw Abraham Perez, and that it seemed Perez Lopez was running away when the officers started shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their sight was obstructed by trees and parked vehicles, and they wouldn't have seen Abraham Perez on the other side of the cars. It would have been difficult, if not impossible, for them to see Perez Lopez at the moment he was shot, though they may have been able to see the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>District Attorney's Analysis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's charging decision says that, legally, the officers' account of the shooting indicates that their use of force was justified in self-defense or defense of others. The charging decision then \"turns on whether the officers' statements are consistent with the evidence,\" according to the summary of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis further narrows to \"\u003cem>the moments just before the shots were fired\u003c/em> where it was not immediately clear whether the officers' accounts could be squared with other evidence,\" according to the summary, which notes two crucial inconsistencies. \"These two areas were subject to intense analysis, including close examination by a use of force expert.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first apparent inconsistency involves Reboli's statement that he started to fire as Perez Lopez was coming toward him. \"This statement was examined in light of the findings of the Medical Examiner that five of the six shots that struck Perez Lopez struck him in the back, and with the statement of Abraham P., who said that Perez Lopez had his back to the officers when he was shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use-of-force expert Charles Key examined the case and noted that \"a subject can turn one hundred eighty degrees more quickly than the fact that he/she has turned can be comprehended; thus, the shooter who has decided to fire may not recognize that the person has turned and, perhaps, no longer presents a threat and be able to stop shooting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key also accounts for what he calls \"the mechanics of shooting,\" which changes a person's focus from what their target may be doing to \"shooting the weapon effectively.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key's analysis is further quoted in the district attorney's report on the shooting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words, Reboli may have accurately recalled that Perez Lopez was facing him when he made the decision to shoot and started the process of taking the first shot, but based on action versus reaction time, Perez Lopez would have been able to turn 90 to 180 degrees by the time the first bullet hit him. Further, once Reboli saw Perez Lopez coming toward him with the knife and decided to shoot, his focus would have turned to the mechanics of shooting accurately and he may have at that point lost sight of the exact position of Perez Lopez as he started firing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will never know exactly what happened in those split seconds, which direction Perez Lopez was facing and to whom he posed a threat when the officers made a decision to shoot,\" Gascón said. \"But ultimately, given the proximity of the suspect with a knife to the officers and Abraham P. of just a few feet, the law does not distinguish between whether he was shot coming toward the officers or running away. The law gives significant deference to officers in situations in which they have to make a split-second decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney's investigation also intensely analyzed whether Perez Lopez dropped the knife he was holding before police started firing, something Perez Lopez's roommates believed they heard moments before the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA found that, due to the knife's position in the street after the shooting, it's likely that Perez Lopez was still holding it when he was shot. But, according to the district attorney's report, even if he wasn't:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The evidence is also consistent with the officers' \u003cem>belief\u003c/em> that Perez Lopez was still in possession of the knife when they discharged their weapons, even if the evidence supported a finding that the knife had in fact dropped a moment before the shots were fired.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission Distirct priest Richard Smith and other advocates around the case are now looking forward to a civil trial, which could still be a year away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have yet another case of a shooting of a young man of color in which the officers will not be held accountable,\" Smith said. \"We hope to have another shot at this to get the details to light and some of the questions answered, but this is a big disappointment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the district attorney's summary of investigation and legal analysis below:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In front of a crowd of cheering students at \u003ca href=\"http://whs.wjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Woodland High School\u003c/a> north of Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/\" target=\"_blank\">state Schools Superintendent Tom Torlakson\u003c/a> delivered the good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s high school \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr17/yr17rel27.asp\">graduation rate is at an all-time high.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data released on Tuesday show 83 percent of high school seniors are now graduating -- up nearly 10 percent since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the seventh consecutive year the state's graduation rate has increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can be proud,\" Torlakson told Woodland High students. \"We're going to keep going up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important finding based on the latest state graduation data? More at-risk students are also finishing school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials credit California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/fg/aa/lc/lcffoverview.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Local Control Funding Formula\u003c/a>, implemented four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the funding system, the state has been pumping additional revenue into school districts with large numbers of low-income students, English learners and foster youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials also have the power to spend that money on programs they believe work for their students -- from tutoring to career technical education programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t micromanage and tell districts how to spend the money, but we have done a lot to concentrate state resources where needs are greatest,\" Torlakson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Woodland High, the additional state revenue is paying for more Advanced Placement courses, tutoring and intervention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new team of counselors also help students academically and emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you need help, you go to them and they’ll move their schedule around to help you,” says Woodland High School senior Cassidy Shriner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area schools have adopted similar programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/assets/sfusd-staff/news-and-calendars/files/4%2011%2017%20SFUSD%20graduation%20rates%20continue%20to%20rise.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Unified\u003c/a>, the graduation rate increased slightly to 86 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Unified’s\u003c/a> grad rate hovers at 87 percent, and the district continues to graduate many more Latinos and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not a completely rosy picture for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts like \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.org/Page/1\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Unified\u003c/a> are making gains, but overall graduation rates are still far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persistent achievement gaps also remain among black and Latino students and their white and Asian counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal education officials are auditing the accuracy of the state’s graduation rates -- but the California Department of Education says it stands by its calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, critics say the graduation rate increase is partly because the state has suspended its high-stakes exit exam, which means seniors no longer have to pass that test in order to graduate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In front of a crowd of cheering students at \u003ca href=\"http://whs.wjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Woodland High School\u003c/a> north of Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/eo/\" target=\"_blank\">state Schools Superintendent Tom Torlakson\u003c/a> delivered the good news:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s high school \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr17/yr17rel27.asp\">graduation rate is at an all-time high.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data released on Tuesday show 83 percent of high school seniors are now graduating -- up nearly 10 percent since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the seventh consecutive year the state's graduation rate has increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can be proud,\" Torlakson told Woodland High students. \"We're going to keep going up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important finding based on the latest state graduation data? More at-risk students are also finishing school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials credit California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/fg/aa/lc/lcffoverview.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Local Control Funding Formula\u003c/a>, implemented four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the funding system, the state has been pumping additional revenue into school districts with large numbers of low-income students, English learners and foster youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials also have the power to spend that money on programs they believe work for their students -- from tutoring to career technical education programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t micromanage and tell districts how to spend the money, but we have done a lot to concentrate state resources where needs are greatest,\" Torlakson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Woodland High, the additional state revenue is paying for more Advanced Placement courses, tutoring and intervention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new team of counselors also help students academically and emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you need help, you go to them and they’ll move their schedule around to help you,” says Woodland High School senior Cassidy Shriner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area schools have adopted similar programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfusd.edu/en/assets/sfusd-staff/news-and-calendars/files/4%2011%2017%20SFUSD%20graduation%20rates%20continue%20to%20rise.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Unified\u003c/a>, the graduation rate increased slightly to 86 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Unified’s\u003c/a> grad rate hovers at 87 percent, and the district continues to graduate many more Latinos and English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not a completely rosy picture for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts like \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.org/Page/1\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Unified\u003c/a> are making gains, but overall graduation rates are still far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persistent achievement gaps also remain among black and Latino students and their white and Asian counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal education officials are auditing the accuracy of the state’s graduation rates -- but the California Department of Education says it stands by its calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, critics say the graduation rate increase is partly because the state has suspended its high-stakes exit exam, which means seniors no longer have to pass that test in order to graduate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's top election official and a state senator want voters in the Golden State to have a bigger say in presidential elections by moving up the state's presidential primary to the third Tuesday in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens) is sponsoring \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB568\">legislation\u003c/a> that would make California’s presidential primary third in the nation, after Iowa and New Hampshire. Currently, the state holds primary elections in June, making it among the last of the states to influence who wins the Republican and Democratic nominations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla said the change would give California's 19.4 million registered voters a chance to actually hear from presidential candidates, who often use the Golden State as a fundraising stop but don't spend time campaigning here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"coIV5F3ZjSl0dYanhdHCzsTo5BAcFH1L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A state as populous and diverse as California should not be an afterthought,\" he said. \"Moving up the California primary in 2020 makes sense and will give California voters a more significant role. By holding our primary earlier, we will ensure that issues important to Californians are prioritized by presidential candidates from all political parties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, both the Republican and Democratic contests were pretty much locked up by the time Golden State residents cast their votes in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how other states would respond if \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB568\" target=\"_blank\">Senate Bill 568 \u003c/a>is passed and signed into law. But the legislation would let the governor move California's primary even earlier if other states change their election dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara says the change would also help increase voter turnout, and not just for presidential contests: The bill would also move up \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">statewide and legislative race primaries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, California saw its highest primary turnout in 28 years, after moving up its presidential primary to February. But state leaders \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-ca-primary-20160214-story.html\">reversed course before the 2012 race\u003c/a>, saying it was too expensive and complicated to host the earlier voting. (You can learn more about California's shifting primary dates \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/15/why-is-californias-presidential-primary-so-late/\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara said having a seat at the table is too important to miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California is the largest, most diverse state in the nation with one of the largest economies in the world,” he said. “Yet Californians’ voices are silenced when it comes to choosing presidential nominees. California is leading the nation on clean air, criminal justice reform, and expanding health care for all, and moving up our presidential primary will ensure our state’s voters are heard in the national debate.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's top election official and a state senator want voters in the Golden State to have a bigger say in presidential elections by moving up the state's presidential primary to the third Tuesday in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens) is sponsoring \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB568\">legislation\u003c/a> that would make California’s presidential primary third in the nation, after Iowa and New Hampshire. Currently, the state holds primary elections in June, making it among the last of the states to influence who wins the Republican and Democratic nominations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla said the change would give California's 19.4 million registered voters a chance to actually hear from presidential candidates, who often use the Golden State as a fundraising stop but don't spend time campaigning here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A state as populous and diverse as California should not be an afterthought,\" he said. \"Moving up the California primary in 2020 makes sense and will give California voters a more significant role. By holding our primary earlier, we will ensure that issues important to Californians are prioritized by presidential candidates from all political parties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A San Francisco supervisor has asked the city to draft legislation preventing its police from removing passengers from commercial airplanes that overbook seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KCBS \u003ca href=\"http://cbsloc.al/2oyVk88\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a> that Supervisor Jeff Sheehy on Tuesday asked the city attorney's office to draft the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think our police should be involved in that,\" Sheehy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The request comes after a widely circulated \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/10/united-airlines-chicago-louisville-flight-passenger-dragged-off-plane/\" target=\"_blank\">video of a passenger being dragged off\u003c/a> a United Express flight by airport police in Chicago prompted an apology by the company's CEO.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco police provide security at San Francisco International Airport in most areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police spokesman Sgt. Michael Andraychak declined comment on the proposed legislation, but noted that officers called out to a situation on an aircraft would usually interview involved parties and \"try to mediate a resolution\" where possible.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "While Washington Fiddles, California Leaders Forge Ideas for Universal Health Care",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the nation’s Republican leaders huddle to reconsider their plans to “repeal and replace” the nation’s health law, advocates for universal health coverage press on in California, armed with renewed political will and a new set of proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organized labor and two lawmakers are leading the charge for a single, government-financed program for everyone in the state. Another legislator wants to create a commission that would weigh the best options for a system to cover everyone. And Democratic Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who hopes to become the next governor, has suggested building on employer-based health care to plug holes in existing coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals are fueled both by a fear of losing gains under the Affordable Care Act and a sense that the law doesn’t go far enough toward covering everyone and cutting costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heath policy experts say that creating any type of universal health plan would face enormous political and fiscal challenges — and that if it happens at all, it could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are different ways to get there,” says Jonathan Oberlander, professor of social medicine and health policy at the University of North Carolina. “None of them is easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most specific California proposal comes from state Sens. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens) and Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), co-authors of legislation that would take steps toward creating one publicly financed “single-payer” program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB562\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a>, co-sponsored by the California Nurses Association, would aim for something like a system of “Medicare for all” in which the government, not insurers, provides payments and sets coverage rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the right moral thing to do,\" Lara says. \"We live in the United States of America. We live in the most powerful state in the union. It is the right thing for us to make sure that we fight to ensure that everyone has coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara’s bill contains a long \u003ca href=\"http://sd33.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-17-californians-healthy-california-act-seeks-one-plan-more-choice-residents\" target=\"_blank\">list of benefits \u003c/a>the statewide program would cover. Not just doctors and hospitals, but also prescriptions, vision and dental care, hospice and rehabilitative therapies, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Health and Human Services Secretary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chhs.ca.gov/Pages/Secretary-Diana-S.-Dooley.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Diana Dooley\u003c/a>, understands the appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in California there continues to be a great deal of interest and enthusiasm around single payer,\" she says. \"It is very easy to talk about and it certainly takes advantage of the anxiety people have about health insurance companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara’s plan does away with premiums, deductibles, co-pays — all those pesky out-of-pocket expenses. So where would the state get the money? Past proposals – here and in states like Vermont and Colorado – have suggested new payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that single payer will be expensive,\" says Assemblyman Jim Wood, chairman of the Health Committee. \"Some estimates from a few years ago, the analysis showed $200 billion plus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe in universal coverage and I’d love to see that happen in the future, but the devils in the details,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/317282377\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-population/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\" target=\"_blank\">Roughly half of coverage\u003c/a> in California is sponsored by employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If “you’re going to take health insurance largely out of the market, you’re going to disconnect it from employers,” Oberlander says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, premiums paid by both employer and employee fund private health insurance plans. Single-payer would change that: instead of paycheck deductions for premiums, workers would see new taxes on their wages to pay for the state plan. It would be controversial and disruptive, Oberlander says. \"A lot of people are satisfied with what they have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lara thinks it can be done, slowly and methodically. He is traveling this week in Canada, along with Bay-Area state senators Nancy Skinner and Scott Wiener. They’ll be learning about Canadian medical care and how it’s financed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara takes heart from the fact that Canada’s system began in just one province, and then spread to others. It did so despite resistance, over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We envision California being the first state to implement a universal healthcare program, and then having that then be the model for the rest of the other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara says everyone should withhold judgment until he can provide more detailed funding plans in a month or two. His goal is to get the bill at least through the Senate this year, and then push it farther forward in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade group for insurers in California does not support the single-payer idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A single-payer system would make the quality of our health care worse, not better,” says Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhealthplans.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Association of Health Plans\u003c/a>. “We’ve made substantial progress in expanding and increasing access to and quality of care — this step backwards would be particularly devastating for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many conservatives oppose the single-payer approach. “We have come to value and expect a health care system that has private-sector market elements,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoover.org/profiles/lanhee-j-chen\" target=\"_blank\">Lanhee Chen,\u003c/a> a fellow at the Hoover Institution and former chief policy adviser to former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single-payer system would need federal approval, essentially giving California permission to take the money meant for Medicare and Medicaid, and distribute those funds in a totally new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m not sure under what construct that could even occur,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/Pages/DirectorsBiography.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Kent\u003c/a>, director of the Department of Health Care Services, which operates the state’s Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government would have to essentially turn those funds over to a state,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands, \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/single-payer-health-care-bill-to-be-introduced-in-california-senate/\">no state has a single-payer system\u003c/a>. Perhaps the best-known effort to create one was in Vermont, but it failed in 2014 after officials there couldn’t figure out how to finance it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-payer proposals have been put forth many times in the California Legislature since 2003, and all have hit roadblocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill, carried by former state senator Sheila Kuehl several years ago and passed by the state Legislature, would have created a payroll tax to help fund a program \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/2008/hlth/sb840/SB840_analysis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">costing \u003c/a> $200 billion a year or more. That measure and a similar bill were vetoed by then-governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who cited financial concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuehl, now a Los Angeles County supervisor, said the time is as good as ever to reintroduce a proposal like single-payer because many people fear losing coverage under Republican proposals being discussed in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ACA created more familiarity with being insured,” said Kuehl. “They’ve recognized the value.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other observers say attempts to expand access should not undermine efforts to preserve insurance gains under Obamacare. The threat to Medicaid or private insurance access is still real, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California should explore all options, [but] we should not do that if it means withdrawing support for protecting the ACA,” said Jerry Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. “It would take decades to get back to where we are now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with California Healthline, California Gov. Jerry Brown emphasized that financing a single-payer system would be a major challenge. Although he said he would entertain a conversation about a single-payer system, he did not say whether he would endorse creating one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, it would require a new tax, which would have to be approved either by a two-thirds majority vote in the state Legislature or a simple-majority popular vote, he said. Even with the current Democratic supermajority, Brown said, there are always a few “outliers” who wouldn’t support raising new revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown leaves office in 2018, however, and Newsom, who hopes to succeed him, is looking into a creating a plan for universal coverage that would be an alternative to a single-payer system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option, according to Newsom’s office, would be to use as a model the Healthy San Francisco program he introduced in 2007 as mayor. The city has used a combination of public money and contributions from employers and enrollees to plug holes in coverage and make primary care accessible to nearly everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has acknowledged, however, that the San Francisco approach \u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/can-california-achieve-universal-health-care-in-the-age-of-trump/\">would not necessarily work in every county\u003c/a>, and said he is open to other possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using that model to expand health care statewide has some political advantages, Oberlander said, because it builds on the “status quo rather than radically restructuring” the current system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another California lawmaker proposes to keep the conversation going about universal health care, at least, by creating a commission that would make various recommendations to policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to be able to move on multiple tracks at once,” said Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland), who is carrying the bill to create the Health Care for All commission, which would convene in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate in Washington could actually produce some surprising opportunities for California and other states. The feds might, for instance, approve waivers to allow other types of experimentation within states. \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2017/01/24/aca-replacement-bill-from-cassidy-and-colleagues-offers-state-options-roth-hsas/\">Some Republicans\u003c/a> favor an approach in which each state decides on its own coverage system, within certain limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean a retraction of coverage in some states, but in California it might open the door to a new model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible that some liberal-leaning states are going to do things that we didn’t think possible before,” Oberlander said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the nation’s Republican leaders huddle to reconsider their plans to “repeal and replace” the nation’s health law, advocates for universal health coverage press on in California, armed with renewed political will and a new set of proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organized labor and two lawmakers are leading the charge for a single, government-financed program for everyone in the state. Another legislator wants to create a commission that would weigh the best options for a system to cover everyone. And Democratic Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who hopes to become the next governor, has suggested building on employer-based health care to plug holes in existing coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals are fueled both by a fear of losing gains under the Affordable Care Act and a sense that the law doesn’t go far enough toward covering everyone and cutting costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heath policy experts say that creating any type of universal health plan would face enormous political and fiscal challenges — and that if it happens at all, it could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are different ways to get there,” says Jonathan Oberlander, professor of social medicine and health policy at the University of North Carolina. “None of them is easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most specific California proposal comes from state Sens. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens) and Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), co-authors of legislation that would take steps toward creating one publicly financed “single-payer” program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB562\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a>, co-sponsored by the California Nurses Association, would aim for something like a system of “Medicare for all” in which the government, not insurers, provides payments and sets coverage rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the right moral thing to do,\" Lara says. \"We live in the United States of America. We live in the most powerful state in the union. It is the right thing for us to make sure that we fight to ensure that everyone has coverage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara’s bill contains a long \u003ca href=\"http://sd33.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-17-californians-healthy-california-act-seeks-one-plan-more-choice-residents\" target=\"_blank\">list of benefits \u003c/a>the statewide program would cover. Not just doctors and hospitals, but also prescriptions, vision and dental care, hospice and rehabilitative therapies, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Health and Human Services Secretary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chhs.ca.gov/Pages/Secretary-Diana-S.-Dooley.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Diana Dooley\u003c/a>, understands the appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in California there continues to be a great deal of interest and enthusiasm around single payer,\" she says. \"It is very easy to talk about and it certainly takes advantage of the anxiety people have about health insurance companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara’s plan does away with premiums, deductibles, co-pays — all those pesky out-of-pocket expenses. So where would the state get the money? Past proposals – here and in states like Vermont and Colorado – have suggested new payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that single payer will be expensive,\" says Assemblyman Jim Wood, chairman of the Health Committee. \"Some estimates from a few years ago, the analysis showed $200 billion plus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe in universal coverage and I’d love to see that happen in the future, but the devils in the details,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/317282377&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/317282377'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-population/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\" target=\"_blank\">Roughly half of coverage\u003c/a> in California is sponsored by employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If “you’re going to take health insurance largely out of the market, you’re going to disconnect it from employers,” Oberlander says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, premiums paid by both employer and employee fund private health insurance plans. Single-payer would change that: instead of paycheck deductions for premiums, workers would see new taxes on their wages to pay for the state plan. It would be controversial and disruptive, Oberlander says. \"A lot of people are satisfied with what they have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lara thinks it can be done, slowly and methodically. He is traveling this week in Canada, along with Bay-Area state senators Nancy Skinner and Scott Wiener. They’ll be learning about Canadian medical care and how it’s financed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara takes heart from the fact that Canada’s system began in just one province, and then spread to others. It did so despite resistance, over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We envision California being the first state to implement a universal healthcare program, and then having that then be the model for the rest of the other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara says everyone should withhold judgment until he can provide more detailed funding plans in a month or two. His goal is to get the bill at least through the Senate this year, and then push it farther forward in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade group for insurers in California does not support the single-payer idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A single-payer system would make the quality of our health care worse, not better,” says Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhealthplans.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Association of Health Plans\u003c/a>. “We’ve made substantial progress in expanding and increasing access to and quality of care — this step backwards would be particularly devastating for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many conservatives oppose the single-payer approach. “We have come to value and expect a health care system that has private-sector market elements,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoover.org/profiles/lanhee-j-chen\" target=\"_blank\">Lanhee Chen,\u003c/a> a fellow at the Hoover Institution and former chief policy adviser to former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single-payer system would need federal approval, essentially giving California permission to take the money meant for Medicare and Medicaid, and distribute those funds in a totally new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m not sure under what construct that could even occur,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/Pages/DirectorsBiography.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Kent\u003c/a>, director of the Department of Health Care Services, which operates the state’s Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government would have to essentially turn those funds over to a state,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands, \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/single-payer-health-care-bill-to-be-introduced-in-california-senate/\">no state has a single-payer system\u003c/a>. Perhaps the best-known effort to create one was in Vermont, but it failed in 2014 after officials there couldn’t figure out how to finance it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-payer proposals have been put forth many times in the California Legislature since 2003, and all have hit roadblocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill, carried by former state senator Sheila Kuehl several years ago and passed by the state Legislature, would have created a payroll tax to help fund a program \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/2008/hlth/sb840/SB840_analysis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">costing \u003c/a> $200 billion a year or more. That measure and a similar bill were vetoed by then-governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who cited financial concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuehl, now a Los Angeles County supervisor, said the time is as good as ever to reintroduce a proposal like single-payer because many people fear losing coverage under Republican proposals being discussed in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ACA created more familiarity with being insured,” said Kuehl. “They’ve recognized the value.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other observers say attempts to expand access should not undermine efforts to preserve insurance gains under Obamacare. The threat to Medicaid or private insurance access is still real, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California should explore all options, [but] we should not do that if it means withdrawing support for protecting the ACA,” said Jerry Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. “It would take decades to get back to where we are now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with California Healthline, California Gov. Jerry Brown emphasized that financing a single-payer system would be a major challenge. Although he said he would entertain a conversation about a single-payer system, he did not say whether he would endorse creating one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, it would require a new tax, which would have to be approved either by a two-thirds majority vote in the state Legislature or a simple-majority popular vote, he said. Even with the current Democratic supermajority, Brown said, there are always a few “outliers” who wouldn’t support raising new revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown leaves office in 2018, however, and Newsom, who hopes to succeed him, is looking into a creating a plan for universal coverage that would be an alternative to a single-payer system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option, according to Newsom’s office, would be to use as a model the Healthy San Francisco program he introduced in 2007 as mayor. The city has used a combination of public money and contributions from employers and enrollees to plug holes in coverage and make primary care accessible to nearly everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has acknowledged, however, that the San Francisco approach \u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/can-california-achieve-universal-health-care-in-the-age-of-trump/\">would not necessarily work in every county\u003c/a>, and said he is open to other possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using that model to expand health care statewide has some political advantages, Oberlander said, because it builds on the “status quo rather than radically restructuring” the current system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another California lawmaker proposes to keep the conversation going about universal health care, at least, by creating a commission that would make various recommendations to policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to be able to move on multiple tracks at once,” said Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland), who is carrying the bill to create the Health Care for All commission, which would convene in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate in Washington could actually produce some surprising opportunities for California and other states. The feds might, for instance, approve waivers to allow other types of experimentation within states. \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2017/01/24/aca-replacement-bill-from-cassidy-and-colleagues-offers-state-options-roth-hsas/\">Some Republicans\u003c/a> favor an approach in which each state decides on its own coverage system, within certain limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean a retraction of coverage in some states, but in California it might open the door to a new model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible that some liberal-leaning states are going to do things that we didn’t think possible before,” Oberlander said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XVIOJI3oXfrzXXAqM3eQcDQW1NIDK2QK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hasan Minhaj, a senior correspondent at \u003cem>The Daily Show\u003c/em> who started his comedy career in the Bay Area, will host this year’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whca.net/news.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In an announcement\u003c/a> from the White House Correspondents Association (WHCA) Tuesday, Minhaj said he was honored to speak at the event on Saturday, Apr. 29, despite President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/25/517257273/trump-will-be-first-president-in-36-years-to-skip-white-house-correspondents-din\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision not to attend\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a tremendous honor to be a part of such a historic event even though the president has chosen not to attend this year,” Minhaj said. “Now more than ever, it is vital that we honor the First Amendment and the freedom of the press.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time a sitting president skipped the dinner was 36 years ago, when Ronald Reagan couldn’t attend after being shot during an assassination attempt. Instead, he called into the event from Camp David and joked about the shooting, saying, “If I could give you just one little bit of advice: when somebody tells you to get in a car quick, do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13038147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13038147\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Hasan Minhaj attends The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Stand-Up in the Park in 2016. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasan Minhaj attends The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Stand-Up in the Park in 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo: Brad Barket/Getty Images for Comedy Central)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s dinner has struggled to find a host. The host is traditionally announced months before the event, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trump-press-wars-effect-white-house-correspondents-dinner-attendance-973097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hollywood Reporter (THR)\u003c/a> reported back in February that a few candidates including the \u003cem>Late Late Show\u003c/em>‘s James Corden had turned down the job. In the same piece, THR also found that many celebrities and publications who have attended in recent years would be passing this time around, and that former \u003ci>Daily Show\u003c/i> correspondent Samantha Bee would be hosting an event called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/samantha-bee-roast-trump-at-not-white-house-correspondents-dinner-970088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not the White House Correspondents’ Dinner\u003c/a>” on the same night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s staffers have also announced that they would be skipping the event “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/white-house-correspondents-dinner-white-house-staff-not-attending-show-solidarity-trump-989602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in solidarity\u003c/a>” with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minhaj, 31, was born and raised in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/entertainment/tv/article28715740.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis, California\u003c/a>, and began performing stand-up comedy in Sacramento and later San Francisco. He started making a name for himself alongside other notable Bay Area comics such as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/tag/w-kamau-bell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W. Kamau Bell\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2015/12/16/nato-green-on-his-san-francisco-childhood-and-life-as-a-comic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nato Green\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former \u003ci>Daily Show\u003c/i> host \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/10/14/448572486/daily-shows-hasan-minhaj-on-proms-immigrants-and-white-folks-at-desi-weddings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jon Stewart hired Minhaj\u003c/a> as a correspondent before he left in 2014. Since then, Minhaj has made headlines for his work both on the show and off it, including his calling out of congress over its inability to pass gun control legislation at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUymQKZqP6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016 Radio and Television Correspondents’ Dinner\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Watch Minhaj’s report on the “Muslim Makeover” for the Daily Show in 2014:\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSTywVwZCjw\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Davis-born comedian will be hosting the first correspondents' dinner under Trump, who is skipping the event, the first sitting president to do so in 36 years.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hasan Minhaj, a senior correspondent at \u003cem>The Daily Show\u003c/em> who started his comedy career in the Bay Area, will host this year’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whca.net/news.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In an announcement\u003c/a> from the White House Correspondents Association (WHCA) Tuesday, Minhaj said he was honored to speak at the event on Saturday, Apr. 29, despite President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/25/517257273/trump-will-be-first-president-in-36-years-to-skip-white-house-correspondents-din\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision not to attend\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a tremendous honor to be a part of such a historic event even though the president has chosen not to attend this year,” Minhaj said. “Now more than ever, it is vital that we honor the First Amendment and the freedom of the press.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time a sitting president skipped the dinner was 36 years ago, when Ronald Reagan couldn’t attend after being shot during an assassination attempt. Instead, he called into the event from Camp David and joked about the shooting, saying, “If I could give you just one little bit of advice: when somebody tells you to get in a car quick, do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13038147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13038147\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Hasan Minhaj attends The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Stand-Up in the Park in 2016. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/04/Hasan-Minhaj-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasan Minhaj attends The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Stand-Up in the Park in 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo: Brad Barket/Getty Images for Comedy Central)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s dinner has struggled to find a host. The host is traditionally announced months before the event, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trump-press-wars-effect-white-house-correspondents-dinner-attendance-973097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hollywood Reporter (THR)\u003c/a> reported back in February that a few candidates including the \u003cem>Late Late Show\u003c/em>‘s James Corden had turned down the job. In the same piece, THR also found that many celebrities and publications who have attended in recent years would be passing this time around, and that former \u003ci>Daily Show\u003c/i> correspondent Samantha Bee would be hosting an event called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/samantha-bee-roast-trump-at-not-white-house-correspondents-dinner-970088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not the White House Correspondents’ Dinner\u003c/a>” on the same night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s staffers have also announced that they would be skipping the event “\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/white-house-correspondents-dinner-white-house-staff-not-attending-show-solidarity-trump-989602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in solidarity\u003c/a>” with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minhaj, 31, was born and raised in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/entertainment/tv/article28715740.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis, California\u003c/a>, and began performing stand-up comedy in Sacramento and later San Francisco. He started making a name for himself alongside other notable Bay Area comics such as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/pop/tag/w-kamau-bell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W. Kamau Bell\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2015/12/16/nato-green-on-his-san-francisco-childhood-and-life-as-a-comic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nato Green\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former \u003ci>Daily Show\u003c/i> host \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/10/14/448572486/daily-shows-hasan-minhaj-on-proms-immigrants-and-white-folks-at-desi-weddings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jon Stewart hired Minhaj\u003c/a> as a correspondent before he left in 2014. Since then, Minhaj has made headlines for his work both on the show and off it, including his calling out of congress over its inability to pass gun control legislation at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUymQKZqP6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016 Radio and Television Correspondents’ Dinner\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Watch Minhaj’s report on the “Muslim Makeover” for the Daily Show in 2014:\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hSTywVwZCjw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hSTywVwZCjw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Blood From Young People May Be a Secret to Fighting Aging",
"title": "Blood From Young People May Be a Secret to Fighting Aging",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally published April 10, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent trend in anti-aging research sounds straight out of an episode of \"The Twilight Zone\"—or, if you’re younger than 40, the \"Twilight\" series. Scientists are infusing blood from young people into elderly individuals to improve health and delay the afflictions of aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may sound creepy, but the potential health benefits of the practice are grounded in more than a decade of research. According to numerous animal studies from Stanford, UC Berkeley and Harvard, young blood can \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6184/649\">rejuvenate aging muscles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(13)00456-X?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS009286741300456X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue\">improve organ function\u003c/a>, help \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v477/n7362/full/nature10357.html\">generate new brain cells\u003c/a>, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v20/n6/full/nm.3569.html\">improve cognition\u003c/a>. So far, these benefits have only been seen in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to avoid creating expectations of a Eureka moment that we’ll have people who have severe Alzheimer’s disease acting as though they’re adolescents again.' \u003ccite>Joe McCracken, Alkahest\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, two Northern California startups, \u003ca href=\"http://www.alkahest.com/\">Alkahest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ambrosiaplasma.com/\">Ambrosia LLC\u003c/a>, are conducting the first studies that attempt to recreate these anti-aging effects in humans. The two companies are running separate clinical trials to infuse plasma from people under the age of 25 into older adults, in an attempt to reverse some of the negative effects of aging and treat age-related diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think certain proteins in the blood either increase or decrease with aging and are behind age-related diseases such as dementia, diabetes and heart disease. Infusions of young blood may replenish helpful proteins that are lost over the years or block the production of damaging ones that typically increase with age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Alkahest and Ambrosia were inspired by the same studies, their goals and approaches to research are very different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Academic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford professor Tony Wyss-Coray co-founded San Carlos-based Alkahest in 2014, based on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v20/n6/abs/nm.3569.html\">findings\u003c/a> that transfusions of young blood into old mice improve learning and memory and promote the growth of new connections between cells in the hippocampus. That’s a key memory center located in the middle of the brain. Alkahest is now working to translate these benefits to patients with Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368258\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-368258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"STANFORD. CA., MAY 2, 2014--Dr. Tony Wyss-Coray, Professor of Neurology at Stanford School of Medicine in lab on Friday, May 2, 2014. ( Norbert von der Groeben/Stanford School of Medicine )\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Wyss-Coray's clinical trial tested whether infusions of young blood are safe for patients with Alzheimer's disease; future trials may test whether the treatment would be beneficial. \u003ccite>(Norbert von der Groeben/Stanford School of Medicine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Alkahest sponsored an FDA-approved \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256306\">clinical trial\u003c/a> at Stanford to give Alzheimer’s patients between the ages of 50 and 90 four small, weekly transfusions of plasma. The plasma is obtained from the \u003ca href=\"https://bloodcenter.stanford.edu/research/\">Stanford Blood Center\u003c/a>, which has a dedicated research arm that accepts blood donations specifically for Stanford clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe McCracken, vice president of business development at Alkahest, says that for now, the study is focused on safety and feasibility rather than the efficacy of the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to avoid creating expectations of a Eureka moment that we’ll have people who have severe Alzheimer’s disease acting as though they’re adolescents again,” he says. “The expectation we have is that we will demonstrate that administration of young plasma to elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease is safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients are also undergoing memory assessments, brain scans and blood tests to detect any potential changes in disease symptoms. The trial has completed testing on all 18 patients, and McCracken hopes to publish the results by the end of the year. If all goes well, Alkahest plans to conduct a second, larger study to test for efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s long-term goal is to identify the proteins in the blood that change with age, and then synthesize these factors into pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Entrepreneur\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Karmazin, CEO of Ambrosia, is taking an unconventional—and more controversial—approach to anti-aging research. Ambrosia, which has clinics in Monterey, California and Tampa, Florida, acts as a “pay-to-play” \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02803554\">clinical trial\u003c/a>, giving one large plasma transfusion to anyone over the age of 35 for a fee of $8,000. The plasma is purchased from local blood banks, which often have a surplus of the material because hospitals typically only require red blood cells for medical procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ge8xrkWvdt1iNqxT39StX0C8FxMNPAxq\"]Karmazin, who graduated from Stanford medical school, has gotten some heat for the price his participants are paying. He says his company has no investors, and without the fee the clinic and the study would be impossible. In contrast, Alkahest received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.grifols.com/en/web/international/view-news/-/new/grifols-to-make-a-major-equity-investment-in-alkahest\">$37.5 million investment in 2015 from Grifols\u003c/a>, a Spanish-based company that is the leading producer of blood- and plasma-based products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t think about it, but you—or your insurance company—ultimately pay for the clinical trial over 20 years after the drug has been approved,” Karmazin says. “Companies patent the drug, they pay up front tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars [for a clinical trial], and then they hope to make a billion dollars over the next 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karmazin also justifies the cost of his study by saying that what people choose to do with their money is their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This amount of money for some people is nothing,” he says. “Not for me, I have $200,000 in loans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ambrosia is analyzing data from its first 60 participants to look for changes in biomarkers of aging in the blood taken one month after treatment. The company doesn’t have any conclusive results yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to say whether Ambrosia’s study, as designed, is capable of producing conclusive results. Karmazin is accepting people with a vast range of ages and with different diseases or reasons for wanting the injection. That means the amount of data he gathers on any one condition will likely be limited and may not be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Question of Ethics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company would comment on the work of the other, although Wyss-Coray took some shots in an article in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/young-blood-antiaging-trial-raises-questions\">\u003cem>Science\u003c/em>\u003c/a> last year, saying that Karmazin was “basically abusing people’s trust and the public excitement around” the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bioethicist Karen Maschke from The Hastings Center, a research institute in New York, says the payment model of the Ambrosia trial “raises a lot of a red flags,” and that the design of the study sounds “very suspect.” She is particularly concerned that participants will think they are paying for a known therapy when in fact they are paying for an experimental and unproven procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Karmazin says that he is \"totally transparent that it is experimental.” Consent documents for the trial do describe the procedure as experimental and do not guarantee any improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been no serious adverse events from the transfusions reported by either company, and both researchers are optimistic the treatment will provide real benefits to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dana Smith is a freelance writer focusing on health and science, with a special interest in the brain. Her work has been featured in The Atlantic, The Guardian, Fast Company, Scientific American, Discover Magazine, and others. In a previous life, she received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from the University of Cambridge. Find her on Twitter @smithdanag\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Remember that study where scientists put blood from young mice into old mice and it reversed aging? Research has begun on humans.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally published April 10, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent trend in anti-aging research sounds straight out of an episode of \"The Twilight Zone\"—or, if you’re younger than 40, the \"Twilight\" series. Scientists are infusing blood from young people into elderly individuals to improve health and delay the afflictions of aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may sound creepy, but the potential health benefits of the practice are grounded in more than a decade of research. According to numerous animal studies from Stanford, UC Berkeley and Harvard, young blood can \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6184/649\">rejuvenate aging muscles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(13)00456-X?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS009286741300456X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue\">improve organ function\u003c/a>, help \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v477/n7362/full/nature10357.html\">generate new brain cells\u003c/a>, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v20/n6/full/nm.3569.html\">improve cognition\u003c/a>. So far, these benefits have only been seen in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to avoid creating expectations of a Eureka moment that we’ll have people who have severe Alzheimer’s disease acting as though they’re adolescents again.' \u003ccite>Joe McCracken, Alkahest\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, two Northern California startups, \u003ca href=\"http://www.alkahest.com/\">Alkahest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ambrosiaplasma.com/\">Ambrosia LLC\u003c/a>, are conducting the first studies that attempt to recreate these anti-aging effects in humans. The two companies are running separate clinical trials to infuse plasma from people under the age of 25 into older adults, in an attempt to reverse some of the negative effects of aging and treat age-related diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think certain proteins in the blood either increase or decrease with aging and are behind age-related diseases such as dementia, diabetes and heart disease. Infusions of young blood may replenish helpful proteins that are lost over the years or block the production of damaging ones that typically increase with age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Alkahest and Ambrosia were inspired by the same studies, their goals and approaches to research are very different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Academic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford professor Tony Wyss-Coray co-founded San Carlos-based Alkahest in 2014, based on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v20/n6/abs/nm.3569.html\">findings\u003c/a> that transfusions of young blood into old mice improve learning and memory and promote the growth of new connections between cells in the hippocampus. That’s a key memory center located in the middle of the brain. Alkahest is now working to translate these benefits to patients with Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368258\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-368258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"STANFORD. CA., MAY 2, 2014--Dr. Tony Wyss-Coray, Professor of Neurology at Stanford School of Medicine in lab on Friday, May 2, 2014. ( Norbert von der Groeben/Stanford School of Medicine )\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Wyss-Coray-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Wyss-Coray's clinical trial tested whether infusions of young blood are safe for patients with Alzheimer's disease; future trials may test whether the treatment would be beneficial. \u003ccite>(Norbert von der Groeben/Stanford School of Medicine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Alkahest sponsored an FDA-approved \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256306\">clinical trial\u003c/a> at Stanford to give Alzheimer’s patients between the ages of 50 and 90 four small, weekly transfusions of plasma. The plasma is obtained from the \u003ca href=\"https://bloodcenter.stanford.edu/research/\">Stanford Blood Center\u003c/a>, which has a dedicated research arm that accepts blood donations specifically for Stanford clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe McCracken, vice president of business development at Alkahest, says that for now, the study is focused on safety and feasibility rather than the efficacy of the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to avoid creating expectations of a Eureka moment that we’ll have people who have severe Alzheimer’s disease acting as though they’re adolescents again,” he says. “The expectation we have is that we will demonstrate that administration of young plasma to elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease is safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients are also undergoing memory assessments, brain scans and blood tests to detect any potential changes in disease symptoms. The trial has completed testing on all 18 patients, and McCracken hopes to publish the results by the end of the year. If all goes well, Alkahest plans to conduct a second, larger study to test for efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s long-term goal is to identify the proteins in the blood that change with age, and then synthesize these factors into pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Entrepreneur\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Karmazin, CEO of Ambrosia, is taking an unconventional—and more controversial—approach to anti-aging research. Ambrosia, which has clinics in Monterey, California and Tampa, Florida, acts as a “pay-to-play” \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02803554\">clinical trial\u003c/a>, giving one large plasma transfusion to anyone over the age of 35 for a fee of $8,000. The plasma is purchased from local blood banks, which often have a surplus of the material because hospitals typically only require red blood cells for medical procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Karmazin, who graduated from Stanford medical school, has gotten some heat for the price his participants are paying. He says his company has no investors, and without the fee the clinic and the study would be impossible. In contrast, Alkahest received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.grifols.com/en/web/international/view-news/-/new/grifols-to-make-a-major-equity-investment-in-alkahest\">$37.5 million investment in 2015 from Grifols\u003c/a>, a Spanish-based company that is the leading producer of blood- and plasma-based products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t think about it, but you—or your insurance company—ultimately pay for the clinical trial over 20 years after the drug has been approved,” Karmazin says. “Companies patent the drug, they pay up front tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars [for a clinical trial], and then they hope to make a billion dollars over the next 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karmazin also justifies the cost of his study by saying that what people choose to do with their money is their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This amount of money for some people is nothing,” he says. “Not for me, I have $200,000 in loans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ambrosia is analyzing data from its first 60 participants to look for changes in biomarkers of aging in the blood taken one month after treatment. The company doesn’t have any conclusive results yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to say whether Ambrosia’s study, as designed, is capable of producing conclusive results. Karmazin is accepting people with a vast range of ages and with different diseases or reasons for wanting the injection. That means the amount of data he gathers on any one condition will likely be limited and may not be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Question of Ethics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company would comment on the work of the other, although Wyss-Coray took some shots in an article in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/young-blood-antiaging-trial-raises-questions\">\u003cem>Science\u003c/em>\u003c/a> last year, saying that Karmazin was “basically abusing people’s trust and the public excitement around” the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bioethicist Karen Maschke from The Hastings Center, a research institute in New York, says the payment model of the Ambrosia trial “raises a lot of a red flags,” and that the design of the study sounds “very suspect.” She is particularly concerned that participants will think they are paying for a known therapy when in fact they are paying for an experimental and unproven procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Karmazin says that he is \"totally transparent that it is experimental.” Consent documents for the trial do describe the procedure as experimental and do not guarantee any improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been no serious adverse events from the transfusions reported by either company, and both researchers are optimistic the treatment will provide real benefits to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dana Smith is a freelance writer focusing on health and science, with a special interest in the brain. Her work has been featured in The Atlantic, The Guardian, Fast Company, Scientific American, Discover Magazine, and others. In a previous life, she received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from the University of Cambridge. Find her on Twitter @smithdanag\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Investigation of Wells Fargo Sales Practices Details 'Dramatic Failure'",
"title": "Investigation of Wells Fargo Sales Practices Details 'Dramatic Failure'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Senior management at San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/press/2017/board-investigation_0410.content\" target=\"_blank\">Wells Fargo\u003c/a> contributed to a failure of culture that tarnished the bank’s reputation and injured customers, according to a scathing \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf?https://www.wellsfargo.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> released Monday by the bank’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of the report are the result of an investigation launched by a committee of board members last September following revelations that bank employees had opened millions of unauthorized accounts to meet aggressive sales goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would describe it as a cultural failure that was stimulated by the incentive system that they put in place at the bank,\" says Stanford professor of law and business \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/joseph-a-grundfest/\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph Grundfest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf?https://www.wellsfargo.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">110-page document \u003c/a>provides a glimpse into a high-pressure culture that emphasized unreachable sales goals over customer service and encouraged employees to sell multiple accounts that customers didn't need and didn't use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"4TXooLYAbwjzkEnfbZApY4y0seLFK6Y8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many instances,\" the report says, \"bank leadership recognized that their plans were unattainable -- they were commonly referred to as 50/50 plans, meaning that there was an expectation that only half the regions would be able to meet them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says that led to intense pressure to perform, leading to a number of questionable and downright unethical practices. One manager encouraged bankers to sell customers \"duplicate accounts.\" Other employees transferred funds from one customer account to another to create multiple accounts. The results were essentially \"junk accounts\" that didn't meet the needs of customers, or ultimately, the goals of the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report depicts senior executives being in denial about problems at the bank and slow to address the root cause of problems as they arose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a disinclination among the Community Bank's senior leadership, regardless of the scope of improper behavior or the number of terminated employees to see the problem as systemic,\" the report states. \"It was common to blame employees who violated Well Fargo's rules without analyzing what caused or motivated them to do so. Effect was confused with cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a mistake frankly of the sitting CEO at the time to attribute this to bad actors and not accept some responsibility for the corporate culture in his role as CEO,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/ethics/about-the-center/people/staff/ann-skeet/\" target=\"_blank\"> Ann Skeet \u003c/a>with the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. \"Clearly the board is willing to accept some responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-CEO John Stumpf resigned last October in the aftermath of the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QwhG4KABcaogwXTudWXdKOFpoAWI4H8U\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the report notes the board also should have responded to issues more quickly and insisted on more detailed and concrete action plans from senior management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says board members believe they were misinformed about the number of people being fired after questionable sales practices came to light. It wasn't until a \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-fines-wells-fargo-100-million-widespread-illegal-practice-secretly-opening-unauthorized-accounts/\" target=\"_blank\">settlement\u003c/a> was reached with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau that \"the Board learned for the first time that some 5,300 Wells Fargo employees had been terminated for sales practice violations between January 1, 2011 and March 7, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Grundfest says many managers were looking at the wrong metrics and failed to use common sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not taking a step back,\" he says. \"And asking what's wrong that we had to fire 5,300 otherwise perfectly normal people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another area where the report says senior executives failed to frame the issue appropriately was the harm done to customers. Even when the bank started firing employees in 2013, the report says \"there was no adequate investigation to identify and address injuries that customers might have suffered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says it wasn't until a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacityattorney.org/allegations-against-wells-fargo\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles city attorney lawsuit \u003c/a>raised the issue that the bank even recognized that customers could have been harmed by fees charged to accounts they didn't authorize or even knew existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More importantly, the report says, the bank \"did not consider non-financial harm to customers resulting from the misuse of personal information or the opening of accounts in their names without their authorization.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, says the report, amounted to a serious breach of trust\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A bank is first and foremost the custodian and keeper of the customer’s assets,\" says the Markkula Center's Skeet. \"And anytime you are tinkering with anything people think you are a caretaker of ... that should definitely be considered as key and an important fact in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank has implemented a number of steps, including clawbacks of executive compensation totaling more than $180 million -- among the largest in the history of corporate America. The report says that sales goals were eliminated last September, and incentives are now \"focused on customer experience, with metrics designed to emphasize customer service, retention and long-term relationship building.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Senior management at San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/press/2017/board-investigation_0410.content\" target=\"_blank\">Wells Fargo\u003c/a> contributed to a failure of culture that tarnished the bank’s reputation and injured customers, according to a scathing \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf?https://www.wellsfargo.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> released Monday by the bank’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of the report are the result of an investigation launched by a committee of board members last September following revelations that bank employees had opened millions of unauthorized accounts to meet aggressive sales goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would describe it as a cultural failure that was stimulated by the incentive system that they put in place at the bank,\" says Stanford professor of law and business \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/joseph-a-grundfest/\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph Grundfest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www08.wellsfargomedia.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf?https://www.wellsfargo.com/assets/pdf/about/investor-relations/presentations/2017/board-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">110-page document \u003c/a>provides a glimpse into a high-pressure culture that emphasized unreachable sales goals over customer service and encouraged employees to sell multiple accounts that customers didn't need and didn't use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many instances,\" the report says, \"bank leadership recognized that their plans were unattainable -- they were commonly referred to as 50/50 plans, meaning that there was an expectation that only half the regions would be able to meet them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says that led to intense pressure to perform, leading to a number of questionable and downright unethical practices. One manager encouraged bankers to sell customers \"duplicate accounts.\" Other employees transferred funds from one customer account to another to create multiple accounts. The results were essentially \"junk accounts\" that didn't meet the needs of customers, or ultimately, the goals of the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report depicts senior executives being in denial about problems at the bank and slow to address the root cause of problems as they arose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a disinclination among the Community Bank's senior leadership, regardless of the scope of improper behavior or the number of terminated employees to see the problem as systemic,\" the report states. \"It was common to blame employees who violated Well Fargo's rules without analyzing what caused or motivated them to do so. Effect was confused with cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a mistake frankly of the sitting CEO at the time to attribute this to bad actors and not accept some responsibility for the corporate culture in his role as CEO,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/ethics/about-the-center/people/staff/ann-skeet/\" target=\"_blank\"> Ann Skeet \u003c/a>with the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. \"Clearly the board is willing to accept some responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-CEO John Stumpf resigned last October in the aftermath of the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the report notes the board also should have responded to issues more quickly and insisted on more detailed and concrete action plans from senior management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says board members believe they were misinformed about the number of people being fired after questionable sales practices came to light. It wasn't until a \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-fines-wells-fargo-100-million-widespread-illegal-practice-secretly-opening-unauthorized-accounts/\" target=\"_blank\">settlement\u003c/a> was reached with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau that \"the Board learned for the first time that some 5,300 Wells Fargo employees had been terminated for sales practice violations between January 1, 2011 and March 7, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Grundfest says many managers were looking at the wrong metrics and failed to use common sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not taking a step back,\" he says. \"And asking what's wrong that we had to fire 5,300 otherwise perfectly normal people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another area where the report says senior executives failed to frame the issue appropriately was the harm done to customers. Even when the bank started firing employees in 2013, the report says \"there was no adequate investigation to identify and address injuries that customers might have suffered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says it wasn't until a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacityattorney.org/allegations-against-wells-fargo\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles city attorney lawsuit \u003c/a>raised the issue that the bank even recognized that customers could have been harmed by fees charged to accounts they didn't authorize or even knew existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More importantly, the report says, the bank \"did not consider non-financial harm to customers resulting from the misuse of personal information or the opening of accounts in their names without their authorization.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, says the report, amounted to a serious breach of trust\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A bank is first and foremost the custodian and keeper of the customer’s assets,\" says the Markkula Center's Skeet. \"And anytime you are tinkering with anything people think you are a caretaker of ... that should definitely be considered as key and an important fact in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank has implemented a number of steps, including clawbacks of executive compensation totaling more than $180 million -- among the largest in the history of corporate America. The report says that sales goals were eliminated last September, and incentives are now \"focused on customer experience, with metrics designed to emphasize customer service, retention and long-term relationship building.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Detainees File 1,000 Sex Abuse Complaints Against Homeland Security",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9I5dRtrl2Yzg2O4IQmwJHPaT0YQNtf6J\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"c6XKdI8cLRCBO2uUpKpvW4h4ZCVqVw45\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nearly 40 Years Later, Jonestown Offers a Lesson in Demagoguery",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Nov. 18, 1978, an itinerant preacher, faith healer and civil rights activist named the Rev. Jim Jones led more than 900 of his followers to kill themselves by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid at their Jonestown settlement in the jungle of Guyana. Nearly 40 years later, questions still linger regarding the Jonestown massacre and the man who inspired it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Jeff Guinn details how Jones captivated his followers in his new book, \u003cem>The Road to Jonestown. \u003c/em>He calls Jones a \"tremendous performer\" who exhibited \"the classic tendencies of the demagogue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guinn says Jones, who founded Peoples Temple church, would take current events and exaggerate them to create a sense of fear and urgency. He drew his followers to Guyana by convincing them that America was facing imminent threats of martial law, concentration camps and nuclear war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VKDWporEIpc13cjWlLOLZ6f5lczScgnS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After claims of abuse in Jonestown surfaced, California Rep. Leo Ryan came to Guyana to investigate. A number of Jonestown residents sought to return to the U.S. with Ryan, but others opened fire on the delegation, killing the congressman and four others. The mass suicide followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guinn says the lessons of Jonestown still resonate today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jim Jones epitomizes the worst that can happen when we let one person dictate what we hear [and] what we believe,\" he says. \"We can only change that if we learn from the past and try to apply it to today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/523348069/523435966\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the idealistic side of Jones' Peoples Temple church\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Jones originally organized Peoples Temple as a storefront church in Indianapolis in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It became one of the first major mixed-race churches in that part of the country, and Jones was instrumental in integrating Indianapolis, which had been one of the most segregated cities in America. They later moved to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of Peoples Temple, as stated, was to feed the hungry, clothe the needy, ostensibly to try to raise up all the people who had been left out by society. Privately, within their organization, within their meetings where no outsiders were allowed, they also talked about what they were trying to do was set a \"socialist example,\" everyone treated the same, where race, money, nothing mattered. Human dignity was at a premium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how Jones tricked people but also appealed to their interest in social justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instinctively, he understood the things that he would need to do in front of a crowd, not just to get their attention, but to hold it and be remembered by them. ... He would [fake] being able to summon cancers from people's bodies, which were actually rotten chicken parts that he would have planted earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"kArpSdkY2HOmlg3WCMZU1IgHxH2A6ulS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even then, as he starts to gain a following through these apparent miracles, he has a number of followers who are well aware [that] it's a trick. But they tell themselves Jim is doing what he has to do to bring people in for the greater good, because at the same time he's ... tricking people, he's also out there working for integration, for civil rights, for women's rights, and that is his argument: \"I need to do whatever is necessary to get people into the cause. After that we can all accomplish great things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how Jones targeted poor people to join his following\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole idea was that they would distribute these flyers, not in the well-to-do parts of town; they would go into the ghettos, into the public housing, where people have absolutely nothing. He understood that when you believe life is almost hopeless, that's when you're most ready to buy into some miracle that might lift you up. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who followed Jim Jones, many of them, [were] intelligent, socially conscious, ready to work hard to make the world better, and ultimately he sacrificed them to his own ego and his own belief in himself. That is unforgivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Jones orchestrating a mass suicide of his followers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end in November 1978, Jones' attitude towards his followers had changed. In the early stages of his ministry, when actually great things were often being accomplished, he thought of himself as the shepherd guarding his flock. More and more over the years, as his paranoia increased, as his drug use increased, he began to think of himself at war with almost everyone in the outside world — the United States government, all kinds of secret forces. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end he saw himself as a general, and his followers were his troops, and ... Jones made the decision that there must be one last great gesture so that his name would live in history ... [and that it] would require the deaths of his followers. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Leo Ryan, the congressman, had not come to Jonestown there still would've been some event at this point that would've triggered Jones' order to everyone to commit a \"revolutionary act,\" as he called it. He tried to convince them it wasn't suicide, it was something much grander than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On trying to understand how 900 victims agreed to the suicide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that's hardest for us to understand now, looking back almost 40 years, is how almost 900 people ... could have followed what appeared to be ridiculous orders from an obvious demagogue to kill themselves — but it's much more complicated than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qExD8o8WQ3JQxQazYiTIuuEfeNKU9g3b\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, not everybody in Jonestown that day did agree to die, to drink the poison. ... Out of over 900 human beings, 300 children, many of them infants, they have no choice. Their parents are making the choice for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, we have another third, who are elderly people, who aren't in the best of health, who if they don't follow Jim Jones' orders are going to be left out in the deepest, densest, most dangerous jungle in the world. Their choices essentially are die quickly or die long, lingering deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle you have the adults, the younger people, and even among them there's no unanimity. Some do believe that Jim Jones is God or something close to God and they worship him and if he says \"do this\" they're going to. Others don't believe Jones is a god, but they believe in their cause, and they have bought into his preaching that the rest of the world is coming in to get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the day that the Guyanese troops came to Jonestown and saw what happened\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guyanese troops that came in the next morning thought they were going to be facing armed revolutionaries. They guessed there might be 100 or more Jonestown men armed with rifles waiting for them, so they're coming through the jungle cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the hot season in Guyana. There's been a torrential downpour the day before and steam is coming up from the floor of the jungle. It's almost like fog. And so they're coming into Jonestown in the perimeter expecting to be attacked any minute. They've got their guns up and ready, the fog, the steam is in front of them, they can hardly see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of a sudden they start to stumble and they think that maybe these revolutionaries placed logs on the ground to trip them up, and now they're going to start shooting from ambush — and then a couple of the soldiers look down and they can see through the fog and they start screaming, because there are bodies everywhere, almost more than they can count, and they're so horrified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Radio producer Sam Briger and web producers Bridget Bentz and Molly Seavy-Nesper contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nearly+40+Years+Later%2C+Jonestown+Offers+A+Lesson+In+Demagoguery+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Nov. 18, 1978, an itinerant preacher, faith healer and civil rights activist named the Rev. Jim Jones led more than 900 of his followers to kill themselves by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid at their Jonestown settlement in the jungle of Guyana. Nearly 40 years later, questions still linger regarding the Jonestown massacre and the man who inspired it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Jeff Guinn details how Jones captivated his followers in his new book, \u003cem>The Road to Jonestown. \u003c/em>He calls Jones a \"tremendous performer\" who exhibited \"the classic tendencies of the demagogue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guinn says Jones, who founded Peoples Temple church, would take current events and exaggerate them to create a sense of fear and urgency. He drew his followers to Guyana by convincing them that America was facing imminent threats of martial law, concentration camps and nuclear war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After claims of abuse in Jonestown surfaced, California Rep. Leo Ryan came to Guyana to investigate. A number of Jonestown residents sought to return to the U.S. with Ryan, but others opened fire on the delegation, killing the congressman and four others. The mass suicide followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guinn says the lessons of Jonestown still resonate today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jim Jones epitomizes the worst that can happen when we let one person dictate what we hear [and] what we believe,\" he says. \"We can only change that if we learn from the past and try to apply it to today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/523348069/523435966\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the idealistic side of Jones' Peoples Temple church\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Jones originally organized Peoples Temple as a storefront church in Indianapolis in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It became one of the first major mixed-race churches in that part of the country, and Jones was instrumental in integrating Indianapolis, which had been one of the most segregated cities in America. They later moved to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of Peoples Temple, as stated, was to feed the hungry, clothe the needy, ostensibly to try to raise up all the people who had been left out by society. Privately, within their organization, within their meetings where no outsiders were allowed, they also talked about what they were trying to do was set a \"socialist example,\" everyone treated the same, where race, money, nothing mattered. Human dignity was at a premium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how Jones tricked people but also appealed to their interest in social justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instinctively, he understood the things that he would need to do in front of a crowd, not just to get their attention, but to hold it and be remembered by them. ... He would [fake] being able to summon cancers from people's bodies, which were actually rotten chicken parts that he would have planted earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even then, as he starts to gain a following through these apparent miracles, he has a number of followers who are well aware [that] it's a trick. But they tell themselves Jim is doing what he has to do to bring people in for the greater good, because at the same time he's ... tricking people, he's also out there working for integration, for civil rights, for women's rights, and that is his argument: \"I need to do whatever is necessary to get people into the cause. After that we can all accomplish great things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how Jones targeted poor people to join his following\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole idea was that they would distribute these flyers, not in the well-to-do parts of town; they would go into the ghettos, into the public housing, where people have absolutely nothing. He understood that when you believe life is almost hopeless, that's when you're most ready to buy into some miracle that might lift you up. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who followed Jim Jones, many of them, [were] intelligent, socially conscious, ready to work hard to make the world better, and ultimately he sacrificed them to his own ego and his own belief in himself. That is unforgivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Jones orchestrating a mass suicide of his followers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end in November 1978, Jones' attitude towards his followers had changed. In the early stages of his ministry, when actually great things were often being accomplished, he thought of himself as the shepherd guarding his flock. More and more over the years, as his paranoia increased, as his drug use increased, he began to think of himself at war with almost everyone in the outside world — the United States government, all kinds of secret forces. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end he saw himself as a general, and his followers were his troops, and ... Jones made the decision that there must be one last great gesture so that his name would live in history ... [and that it] would require the deaths of his followers. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Leo Ryan, the congressman, had not come to Jonestown there still would've been some event at this point that would've triggered Jones' order to everyone to commit a \"revolutionary act,\" as he called it. He tried to convince them it wasn't suicide, it was something much grander than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On trying to understand how 900 victims agreed to the suicide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that's hardest for us to understand now, looking back almost 40 years, is how almost 900 people ... could have followed what appeared to be ridiculous orders from an obvious demagogue to kill themselves — but it's much more complicated than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, not everybody in Jonestown that day did agree to die, to drink the poison. ... Out of over 900 human beings, 300 children, many of them infants, they have no choice. Their parents are making the choice for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, we have another third, who are elderly people, who aren't in the best of health, who if they don't follow Jim Jones' orders are going to be left out in the deepest, densest, most dangerous jungle in the world. Their choices essentially are die quickly or die long, lingering deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle you have the adults, the younger people, and even among them there's no unanimity. Some do believe that Jim Jones is God or something close to God and they worship him and if he says \"do this\" they're going to. Others don't believe Jones is a god, but they believe in their cause, and they have bought into his preaching that the rest of the world is coming in to get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the day that the Guyanese troops came to Jonestown and saw what happened\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guyanese troops that came in the next morning thought they were going to be facing armed revolutionaries. They guessed there might be 100 or more Jonestown men armed with rifles waiting for them, so they're coming through the jungle cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the hot season in Guyana. There's been a torrential downpour the day before and steam is coming up from the floor of the jungle. It's almost like fog. And so they're coming into Jonestown in the perimeter expecting to be attacked any minute. 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"content": "\u003cp>The former superintendent of Yosemite National Park, accused of creating a hostile work environment and discriminating against female employees, has been faulted by federal investigators for his management style and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.doioig.gov/sites/doioig.gov/files/HostileWorkEnvironmentYosemite_Public.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, released Monday by the Interior Department's inspector general, focused on Don Neubacher, who was Yosemite's top official for nearly seven years and a part of the National Park Service for 37 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It included interviews with 71 park staff members, some of whom said they witnessed Neubacher belittling staff and their abilities. According to their statements, Neubacher called employees “stupid,” “lazy” and “bozo,” and directed most of his comments at women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-page report, however, found no evidence that Neubacher's decisions were motivated by favoritism or bias. Overall, he got mixed reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of the 71 employees we interviewed regarding the allegations against the official, 42 spoke highly of him as a manager,\" the report said. \"The remaining either had no opinion, vacillated in their opinion, or said that he sometimes communicated poorly; that he could be dismissive, abrupt, or overly critical; and that he would often publicly criticize and undermine employees after he lost confidence in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yA4EcjpORzJ9rZumYxYTB2CwWG9l4U9K\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neubacher, who managed Point Reyes National Seashore for 15 years before taking the Yosemite job, denied the allegations and claimed he had not intentionally insulted or belittled anyone. \"I don't yell. I don't scream,\" he said. But he announced his retirement in September 2016, after the accusations of harassment were made public during a hearing of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also details other allegations of inappropriate behavior, including one case in which he gave a female employee preferential treatment. Neubacher allegedly promoted the woman by two grade levels in three years, gave her a Fitbit for her birthday, and when she left Yosemite for another job, he gave her a going-away gift that cost him $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s appalling that this level of sexual harassment and bullying has persisted in this workplace for so many years. And that so many individuals were unable to complain,\" said Deborah Rhode, a Stanford Law professor and legal ethics scholar. She added that the allegations indicate there was a \"corrosive culture\" under Neubacher's leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhode thinks the publicity could encourage other parks to re-examine their workplace culture at a time when several other national parks are facing similar allegations of workplace abuse, including at Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With crisis comes opportunity. And cultures that have long tolerated abusive practices, when they are publicly exposed, suddenly have gotten the message,” Rhode said. “What’s really important to focus on here is how do you prevent this kind of toxic work environment from persisting for so long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting for this post comes from the Associated Press and KQED's Mariana Urban and Bert Johnson.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The former superintendent of Yosemite National Park, accused of creating a hostile work environment and discriminating against female employees, has been faulted by federal investigators for his management style and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.doioig.gov/sites/doioig.gov/files/HostileWorkEnvironmentYosemite_Public.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, released Monday by the Interior Department's inspector general, focused on Don Neubacher, who was Yosemite's top official for nearly seven years and a part of the National Park Service for 37 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It included interviews with 71 park staff members, some of whom said they witnessed Neubacher belittling staff and their abilities. According to their statements, Neubacher called employees “stupid,” “lazy” and “bozo,” and directed most of his comments at women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-page report, however, found no evidence that Neubacher's decisions were motivated by favoritism or bias. Overall, he got mixed reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of the 71 employees we interviewed regarding the allegations against the official, 42 spoke highly of him as a manager,\" the report said. \"The remaining either had no opinion, vacillated in their opinion, or said that he sometimes communicated poorly; that he could be dismissive, abrupt, or overly critical; and that he would often publicly criticize and undermine employees after he lost confidence in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"science-friday": {
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