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"disqusTitle": "Protesters Gather in Berkeley Following Coulter Cancellation",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:05 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred protesters from across the political spectrum gathered at UC Berkeley and at a downtown park following the cancellation of a speech scheduled for Thursday by conservative commentator Ann Coulter. As of 5:05 p.m., the rallies had been largely peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police began preparing for potential violence between far-right and leftist groups Thursday after the talk was called off. Opposing groups held separate protests in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SukeyLewis/status/857743652713512960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley tweeted that campus police made two arrests as of 1 p.m. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Protester-at-UC-Berkeley-who-refuses-to-remove-11104429.php\" target=\"_blank\">SFGate reported\u003c/a> one young man was arrested for carrying a sign that was too large and violated a campus ordinance, while the other man was arrested for refusing to remove a surgical mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two additional arrests were made near Berkeley High School at approximately 4:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley police announced they are limiting access to Sproul Plaza, and individuals could be searched for potential weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCBerkeley/status/857689979081953284\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCPD_Cal/status/857701459646849024\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University police established a strong presence on campus Thursday morning, erecting orange barriers. Officers from the California Highway Patrol, the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department, along with UC Berkeley police, were spotted on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics have said that police haven’t done enough in the past to shut down agitators bent on mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You will see a high number of highly visible law enforcement. We’re going to have a very, very low tolerance for any sort of violence on campus,\" UCPD Capt. Alex Yao said at a press conference Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431811\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters from the far right converged on Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. They originally planned their event in support of Ann Coulter, who was scheduled to speak at UC Berkeley, but when her appearance was canceled the protesters held a rally anyway.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters from the far right converged on Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. They originally planned their event in support of Ann Coulter, who was scheduled to speak at UC Berkeley, but when her appearance was canceled the protesters held a rally anyway. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Oath Keepers, the Proud Boys and a group called the Orange County Alt Right Group, all opposed to the cancellation, announced they would hold rallies at 2 p.m. at Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park in downtown Berkeley, the same park in which \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/15/injuries-arrests-in-berkeley-after-rally-for-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">white nationalist groups clashed with anti-fascist groups on April 15\u003c/a>, resulting in 13 arrests and numerous injuries, as well as on March 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after 2 p.m., individuals at the Oath Keepers rally began giving speeches praising President Trump and slamming UC Berkeley, claiming it was stifling free speech. Speakers also voiced support for gun rights, a ban on immigration and limited government, among other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chants of “USA, USA, USA” and “Donald Trump” were heard several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported Thursday that Coulter might still \"swing by to say\" hello to her supporters. As of 4:45 p.m. she had not been seen at any rallies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SukeyLewis/status/857685138641010688\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Socialist Organization planned its own rally, called \"Alt Right Delete,\" at 12 p.m. just outside the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said last week it was canceling the event, citing safety concerns, before it backtracked and announced the talk could go ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Yao said they’d received specific credible threats related to the talk and were concerned about safety after a series of violent clashes this year on campus and in downtown Berkeley between far-right and far-left protesters -- including a riot at Cal before a scheduled \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/01/milo-yiannopoulos-event-at-uc-berkeley-canceled/\" target=\"_blank\">Feb. 1 talk by right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos\u003c/a>, which ended up being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof said the campus has been pushed into a new reality in the last few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dq831l8gzEWFfKgekhrUdEEIhD8wO9ad\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A reality where groups and individuals across the political spectrum see this university, this place of learning, as a suitable venue for political conflict and violence,\" Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley city officials issued a statement to the public late Wednesday in the event of large gatherings on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mass gatherings of any kind attract a broad variety of people and, inevitably, that means an array of different motives and intentions,\" the statement said. \"If you are at a demonstration and you see violence, separate yourself. Keep a distance from violence. If you can do so safely, report it to police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Timeline of Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cancellation of Coulter’s speech came after much back-and-forth between campus officials, the groups sponsoring the event, and the commentator herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university had offered an alternate date of May 2 to Coulter and the groups collaborating on the event -- the Berkeley College Republicans, Young America’s Foundation (which describes itself as the principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement) and BridgeUSA (a nonprofit group that says it wants to provide “open and welcoming forum for frank and rational political discourse” on college campuses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter and the College Republicans rejected the date change, noting, among other things, that it would be during the week before final exams when students would not be in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431809\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Owen Martinelli of San Rafael checked his phone during a conservative rally at Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. Protesters originally planned to support an appearance by Ann Coulter at UC Berkeley, but when her event was canceled they held an event anyway.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owen Martinelli of San Rafael checked his phone during a conservative rally at Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. Protesters originally planned to support an appearance by Ann Coulter at UC Berkeley, but when her event was canceled they held an event anyway. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeley College Republicans president Troy Worden said Wednesday during a press conference that his group had decided to back out of sponsoring the speech. He blamed the university, saying it refused to provide adequate security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can’t have Ms. Coulter speak here without being able to guarantee the safety of the attendees, then that is a move we cannot take,” Worden said. “In effect, our free speech has been stifled because the university has decided not to assist us in making sure the event can occur successfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, Young America’s Foundation also said the university hadn’t met its demands to ensure the safety of students and those involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Berkeley made it impossible to hold a lecture due to the lack of assurances for protections from foreseeable violence from unrestrained leftist agitators,” YAF said in a statement posted to its Facebook page. “Ms. Coulter may still choose to speak in some form on campus, but Young America’s Foundation will not jeopardize the safety of its staff or students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials, however, said they’d done their best to accommodate the talk, noting that they’d found out only in late March about it. Venues are normally booked months in advance for guest speakers, said Mogulof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted Ms. Coulter to come to this campus. We believe it is important that our students are exposed to a broad diversity of opinion,” he said at a press conference. “Everything we have done to date has been about supporting and facilitating” the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rejected assertions that administration officials weren’t being helpful because of Coulter’s politics: “This is the home of the Free Speech Movement. That legacy would be destroyed if we were to pick and choose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's John Sepulvado, Sukey Lewis and the Associated Press contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>University police established a strong presence on campus Thursday morning, erecting orange barriers. Officers from the California Highway Patrol, the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department, along with UC Berkeley police, were spotted on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some critics have said that police haven’t done enough in the past to shut down agitators bent on mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You will see a high number of highly visible law enforcement. We’re going to have a very, very low tolerance for any sort of violence on campus,\" UCPD Capt. Alex Yao said at a press conference Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431811\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters from the far right converged on Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. They originally planned their event in support of Ann Coulter, who was scheduled to speak at UC Berkeley, but when her appearance was canceled the protesters held a rally anyway.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25077_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters from the far right converged on Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. They originally planned their event in support of Ann Coulter, who was scheduled to speak at UC Berkeley, but when her appearance was canceled the protesters held a rally anyway. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Oath Keepers, the Proud Boys and a group called the Orange County Alt Right Group, all opposed to the cancellation, announced they would hold rallies at 2 p.m. at Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park in downtown Berkeley, the same park in which \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/15/injuries-arrests-in-berkeley-after-rally-for-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">white nationalist groups clashed with anti-fascist groups on April 15\u003c/a>, resulting in 13 arrests and numerous injuries, as well as on March 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after 2 p.m., individuals at the Oath Keepers rally began giving speeches praising President Trump and slamming UC Berkeley, claiming it was stifling free speech. Speakers also voiced support for gun rights, a ban on immigration and limited government, among other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chants of “USA, USA, USA” and “Donald Trump” were heard several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported Thursday that Coulter might still \"swing by to say\" hello to her supporters. As of 4:45 p.m. she had not been seen at any rallies.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The International Socialist Organization planned its own rally, called \"Alt Right Delete,\" at 12 p.m. just outside the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said last week it was canceling the event, citing safety concerns, before it backtracked and announced the talk could go ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Yao said they’d received specific credible threats related to the talk and were concerned about safety after a series of violent clashes this year on campus and in downtown Berkeley between far-right and far-left protesters -- including a riot at Cal before a scheduled \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/01/milo-yiannopoulos-event-at-uc-berkeley-canceled/\" target=\"_blank\">Feb. 1 talk by right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos\u003c/a>, which ended up being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof said the campus has been pushed into a new reality in the last few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A reality where groups and individuals across the political spectrum see this university, this place of learning, as a suitable venue for political conflict and violence,\" Mogulof said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley city officials issued a statement to the public late Wednesday in the event of large gatherings on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mass gatherings of any kind attract a broad variety of people and, inevitably, that means an array of different motives and intentions,\" the statement said. \"If you are at a demonstration and you see violence, separate yourself. Keep a distance from violence. If you can do so safely, report it to police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Timeline of Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cancellation of Coulter’s speech came after much back-and-forth between campus officials, the groups sponsoring the event, and the commentator herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university had offered an alternate date of May 2 to Coulter and the groups collaborating on the event -- the Berkeley College Republicans, Young America’s Foundation (which describes itself as the principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement) and BridgeUSA (a nonprofit group that says it wants to provide “open and welcoming forum for frank and rational political discourse” on college campuses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter and the College Republicans rejected the date change, noting, among other things, that it would be during the week before final exams when students would not be in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431809\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Owen Martinelli of San Rafael checked his phone during a conservative rally at Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. Protesters originally planned to support an appearance by Ann Coulter at UC Berkeley, but when her event was canceled they held an event anyway.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25079_20170427_BerkeleyProtest_credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owen Martinelli of San Rafael checked his phone during a conservative rally at Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Park in Berkeley on April 27, 2017. Protesters originally planned to support an appearance by Ann Coulter at UC Berkeley, but when her event was canceled they held an event anyway. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeley College Republicans president Troy Worden said Wednesday during a press conference that his group had decided to back out of sponsoring the speech. He blamed the university, saying it refused to provide adequate security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can’t have Ms. Coulter speak here without being able to guarantee the safety of the attendees, then that is a move we cannot take,” Worden said. “In effect, our free speech has been stifled because the university has decided not to assist us in making sure the event can occur successfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, Young America’s Foundation also said the university hadn’t met its demands to ensure the safety of students and those involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Berkeley made it impossible to hold a lecture due to the lack of assurances for protections from foreseeable violence from unrestrained leftist agitators,” YAF said in a statement posted to its Facebook page. “Ms. Coulter may still choose to speak in some form on campus, but Young America’s Foundation will not jeopardize the safety of its staff or students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials, however, said they’d done their best to accommodate the talk, noting that they’d found out only in late March about it. Venues are normally booked months in advance for guest speakers, said Mogulof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted Ms. Coulter to come to this campus. We believe it is important that our students are exposed to a broad diversity of opinion,” he said at a press conference. “Everything we have done to date has been about supporting and facilitating” the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rejected assertions that administration officials weren’t being helpful because of Coulter’s politics: “This is the home of the Free Speech Movement. That legacy would be destroyed if we were to pick and choose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's John Sepulvado, Sukey Lewis and the Associated Press contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Trump's First 100 Days, a Dramatic Reduction in Immigration",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 100 days into his administration, President Trump has drastically reduced the flow of immigration, both legal and illegal, to the U.S. He's been able to accomplish that without any new legislation — and without many of his signature ideas solidly in place, including executive orders that have been put on hold by the courts and a proposed wall on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of months, the Trump administration has made it harder to get into the U.S for all kinds of people. From refugees and visa holders, to asylum seekers and illegal border-crossers arriving at the southern border, the numbers have plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this may be just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked draft of a progress report shows that the Department of Homeland Security has begun laying the groundwork to do more. The agency has identified more detention beds for immigrants in the country illegally, set aside money to start designing the border wall and sped up the hiring of thousands of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bKKksVIBhsq4UYtlHwnp5wrxGJnRGpYc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an effort now to deter, to terrify,\" says Donald Kerwin, executive director of the Center for Migration Studies, a think tank in New York devoted to protecting the rights of migrants. Kerwin says even Trump's own rhetoric is aimed at deterring immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What they're trying to do are very splashy, draconian enforcement efforts that are really meant to tell people: nobody is safe, and nobody should come that's not documented,\" Kerwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RefugeeAdmissions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That message may be getting through. Apprehensions at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\">southern border fell dramatically\u003c/a> from more than 40,000 per month late last year to 18,754 in February, and just 12,193 in March. The administration is going out of its way to highlight those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last month was the lowest month for immigration illegally into our country in 17 years,\" said Attorney General Jeff Sessions at a news conference in El Paso, Texas, last week. \"That is a remarkable thing to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from the border, arrests by immigration agents were up by about a third during the first three months of the year, to 21,362, compared with 16,104 during the same period in 2016, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/documents/2017/apr/detainers_arrests.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data provided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. The data also show that federal agents are arresting more unauthorized immigrants who don't have criminal records: 5,441 during the first few months of the year, compared with 2,278 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior official with Immigration and Customs Enforcement tells NPR that the agency has been able to \"open the aperture\" on the types of immigrants it can target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525584236/525833294\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reactions across the country reflect a divided America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing mothers and fathers torn away from their families, many with no criminal histories at all, or with just minor past convictions,\" says Tom Jawetz, a vice president at the Center for American Progress, a left-leaning think tank in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Hvidston sees it differently. She's the director of We the People Rising, an organization in California that advocates tougher enforcement. \"I have not heard a presidential candidate in my lifetime address this topic,\" Hvidston says. \"And I think he does want to take action against more criminal activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"d9XrXgxS2wMNQ7pXOsa9tcPJvsDGPbfT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts have twice blocked Trump's effort to suspend the U.S. refugee program. In the meantime, the administration has simply stopped accepting as many refugees. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrapsnet.org/admissions-and-arrivals/\" target=\"_blank\">numbers have dropped significantly\u003c/a>: from nearly 10,000 a month last fall to just 2,070 in March, according to the State Department's Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have families who are separated, who we want to see rejoined,\" said Rebecca Liberato, a case manager in the Jersey City, N.J., office of Church World Service, a refugee resettlement agency. \"They're scared for their loved ones across seas as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">blocked another Trump executive order\u003c/a>, this one punishing so-called sanctuary cities that limit cooperation with federal authorities. But that's not stopping the administration's agenda. In fact, it's signing up other cities to help enforce immigration law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Trump%27s+First+100+Days%2C+A+Dramatic+Reduction+In+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 100 days into his administration, President Trump has drastically reduced the flow of immigration, both legal and illegal, to the U.S. He's been able to accomplish that without any new legislation — and without many of his signature ideas solidly in place, including executive orders that have been put on hold by the courts and a proposed wall on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of months, the Trump administration has made it harder to get into the U.S for all kinds of people. From refugees and visa holders, to asylum seekers and illegal border-crossers arriving at the southern border, the numbers have plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this may be just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked draft of a progress report shows that the Department of Homeland Security has begun laying the groundwork to do more. The agency has identified more detention beds for immigrants in the country illegally, set aside money to start designing the border wall and sped up the hiring of thousands of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an effort now to deter, to terrify,\" says Donald Kerwin, executive director of the Center for Migration Studies, a think tank in New York devoted to protecting the rights of migrants. Kerwin says even Trump's own rhetoric is aimed at deterring immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What they're trying to do are very splashy, draconian enforcement efforts that are really meant to tell people: nobody is safe, and nobody should come that's not documented,\" Kerwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RefugeeAdmissions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That message may be getting through. Apprehensions at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\">southern border fell dramatically\u003c/a> from more than 40,000 per month late last year to 18,754 in February, and just 12,193 in March. The administration is going out of its way to highlight those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last month was the lowest month for immigration illegally into our country in 17 years,\" said Attorney General Jeff Sessions at a news conference in El Paso, Texas, last week. \"That is a remarkable thing to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from the border, arrests by immigration agents were up by about a third during the first three months of the year, to 21,362, compared with 16,104 during the same period in 2016, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/documents/2017/apr/detainers_arrests.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data provided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. The data also show that federal agents are arresting more unauthorized immigrants who don't have criminal records: 5,441 during the first few months of the year, compared with 2,278 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior official with Immigration and Customs Enforcement tells NPR that the agency has been able to \"open the aperture\" on the types of immigrants it can target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525584236/525833294\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reactions across the country reflect a divided America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing mothers and fathers torn away from their families, many with no criminal histories at all, or with just minor past convictions,\" says Tom Jawetz, a vice president at the Center for American Progress, a left-leaning think tank in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Hvidston sees it differently. She's the director of We the People Rising, an organization in California that advocates tougher enforcement. \"I have not heard a presidential candidate in my lifetime address this topic,\" Hvidston says. \"And I think he does want to take action against more criminal activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts have twice blocked Trump's effort to suspend the U.S. refugee program. In the meantime, the administration has simply stopped accepting as many refugees. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrapsnet.org/admissions-and-arrivals/\" target=\"_blank\">numbers have dropped significantly\u003c/a>: from nearly 10,000 a month last fall to just 2,070 in March, according to the State Department's Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have families who are separated, who we want to see rejoined,\" said Rebecca Liberato, a case manager in the Jersey City, N.J., office of Church World Service, a refugee resettlement agency. \"They're scared for their loved ones across seas as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">blocked another Trump executive order\u003c/a>, this one punishing so-called sanctuary cities that limit cooperation with federal authorities. But that's not stopping the administration's agenda. In fact, it's signing up other cities to help enforce immigration law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Trump%27s+First+100+Days%2C+A+Dramatic+Reduction+In+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will Trump's Frenzied 100-Day Dash Trip Up California?",
"title": "Will Trump's Frenzied 100-Day Dash Trip Up California?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump is both dismissing his first 100 days in office as a \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/855373184861962240\" target=\"_blank\">ridiculous standard\u003c/a>\" and doing everything he can to convince the public that he \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/25/the-white-house-boo-boo-in-counting-roosevelts-executive-orders/?utm_term=.9848cf2f84fd\" target=\"_blank\">has accomplished more in his first 100 days than any other president since Franklin Roosevelt\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make that case before April 29, the businessman-turned-president is tapping into his inner salesman, pushing out a slew of executive orders and other plans that are generating massive amounts of headlines. In essence, like so many other rollouts by this unconventional president, he appears to be treating campaign issues like the proverbial cooked spaghetti, throwing a host of issues to the wall and seeing what sticks with the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, if enacted, these plans could create significant financial, economic and environmental changes in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: Many Republican lawmakers believe federal interference reached a high point under the Obama administration, which was notably aggressive on civil rights. Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/26/presidential-executive-order-enforcing-statutory-prohibitions-federal\" target=\"_blank\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> that allows his team to study whether the federal government has overstepped its authority in public education, including on issues of civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: In California, a number of reforms have already been adopted, returning control to local schools. But some education leaders, like State Board of Education President Michael Kirst, worry this federal study will be too subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"U4CqPkP2TBhE5XimFf4wL0PrOxk9L7Nt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local schools know best on lots of things, and I think what we’ve been trying to do is strike the proper balance,” Kirst said. “There is no one right way, and often people’s philosophies get tangled up in what the legal rules should be and are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>: The study is considered one way for the Trump administration to make it clear it supports local control. The inquiry will be conducted by Education Secretary Betsy DeVos -- a strong supporter of school choice programs like vouchers. She has 300 days to conduct the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: In \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/26/trump-to-sign-executive-order-that-could-shrink-national-monuments/\" target=\"_blank\">another executive order\u003c/a>, Trump ordered the U.S. Department of Interior to examine all U.S. national monument designations since 1996 that are over 100,000 acres. This comes after a decades-long campaign by conservative groups -- many funded by the Koch Brothers and other natural resource industries -- to loosen environmental regulations that make it more difficult to extract those resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"i1JGTMOqVL4OHIN7QSKYaRdfxcxNU3S3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: The review will include six national monuments in California. The San Gabriel Mountains, Mojave Trails, Carrizo Plain, Giant Sequoia and Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monuments will have their designations reviewed. The entire California coast is also a national monument, meaning offshore environmental protections enacted by President Bill Clinton and expanded by President Barack Obama could be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That potential reversal comes as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-04-25/trump-said-to-order-review-of-oil-drilling-off-california-coast\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a> the Trump administration is planning to open up studies on the feasibility of offshore oil and gas drilling on California's coast. That has environmental activists like Marce Gutierrez-Graudins, founder of Azul in San Francisco, concerned the Trump administration is rapidly moving toward opening offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We in California are very familiar with both the environmental and economic havoc that is caused by spills,\" Gutierrez-Graudins says. \"And it is something we do not want to revisit again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-27d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OilPlatform-800x533.jpg\" Title=\"Trump Administration Looking Into Offshore Drilling In California\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford environmental law professor Deborah Sivas says while it's unlikely that new oil platforms will be built in the near future, it's clear the two actions by the Trump administration signal a willingness to drill off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the Trump administration really wanting to open up offshore oil drilling, I think they need to get rid of or somehow undermine the monument status,\" Sivas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"95hirIxHzGsxVw6KOyXqoSkgYRV8lUcq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western States Petroleum Association represents the oil industry, and a spokeswoman tells KQED that no oil companies want to drill offshore in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>\u003cem>:\u003c/em> We are expecting the order to study offshore drilling near California to come as early as Friday, April 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Taxes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: The Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/525683530/4-questions-about-trumps-tax-plan?ft=nprml&f=1003,1004,1007,1013,1014,1017,1019,1128\" target=\"_blank\">rolled out a massive tax cut proposal\u003c/a> on Wednesday, highlighted by big cuts in the corporate tax rate. Under the plan, corporations would be taxed at a 15 percent rate, down from the current 35 percent mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint offers few details to assuage concerns that big tax cuts would create a massive hole in the federal budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-27c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/1040Form-375x240.jpg\" Title=\"How President Trump's Tax Plan Might Trip Up California\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the few deductions on the chopping block would place an outsized burden on California taxpayers. The Trump administration wants to end the practice of allowing taxpayers to deduct local and state taxes from federal filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"tzpmc88aHITxPTvpHiEXSLIM7fQ0SuEn\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: In a high-tax state like California, taxpayers could be left on the hook for tens of millions of dollars more in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to pay for cuts, it’s not a crazy way to do it,” says Joseph Bankman, professor of law and business at Stanford Law School. “It’s a little bit unfair because we’re being taxed on a different portion of our income than our counterparts in red states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>: The president's plan would have to be introduced as legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI) says Trump's plan is \"along the same lines\" of what the House wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ana Tintocalis, Guy Marzorati and Julia Scott contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A slew of executive orders could have big impacts on California, from offshore oil drilling to an increased burden on the state’s taxpayers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump is both dismissing his first 100 days in office as a \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/855373184861962240\" target=\"_blank\">ridiculous standard\u003c/a>\" and doing everything he can to convince the public that he \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/04/25/the-white-house-boo-boo-in-counting-roosevelts-executive-orders/?utm_term=.9848cf2f84fd\" target=\"_blank\">has accomplished more in his first 100 days than any other president since Franklin Roosevelt\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make that case before April 29, the businessman-turned-president is tapping into his inner salesman, pushing out a slew of executive orders and other plans that are generating massive amounts of headlines. In essence, like so many other rollouts by this unconventional president, he appears to be treating campaign issues like the proverbial cooked spaghetti, throwing a host of issues to the wall and seeing what sticks with the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, if enacted, these plans could create significant financial, economic and environmental changes in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: Many Republican lawmakers believe federal interference reached a high point under the Obama administration, which was notably aggressive on civil rights. Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/26/presidential-executive-order-enforcing-statutory-prohibitions-federal\" target=\"_blank\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> that allows his team to study whether the federal government has overstepped its authority in public education, including on issues of civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: In California, a number of reforms have already been adopted, returning control to local schools. But some education leaders, like State Board of Education President Michael Kirst, worry this federal study will be too subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local schools know best on lots of things, and I think what we’ve been trying to do is strike the proper balance,” Kirst said. “There is no one right way, and often people’s philosophies get tangled up in what the legal rules should be and are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>: The study is considered one way for the Trump administration to make it clear it supports local control. The inquiry will be conducted by Education Secretary Betsy DeVos -- a strong supporter of school choice programs like vouchers. She has 300 days to conduct the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: In \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/26/trump-to-sign-executive-order-that-could-shrink-national-monuments/\" target=\"_blank\">another executive order\u003c/a>, Trump ordered the U.S. Department of Interior to examine all U.S. national monument designations since 1996 that are over 100,000 acres. This comes after a decades-long campaign by conservative groups -- many funded by the Koch Brothers and other natural resource industries -- to loosen environmental regulations that make it more difficult to extract those resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: The review will include six national monuments in California. The San Gabriel Mountains, Mojave Trails, Carrizo Plain, Giant Sequoia and Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monuments will have their designations reviewed. The entire California coast is also a national monument, meaning offshore environmental protections enacted by President Bill Clinton and expanded by President Barack Obama could be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That potential reversal comes as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-04-25/trump-said-to-order-review-of-oil-drilling-off-california-coast\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a> the Trump administration is planning to open up studies on the feasibility of offshore oil and gas drilling on California's coast. That has environmental activists like Marce Gutierrez-Graudins, founder of Azul in San Francisco, concerned the Trump administration is rapidly moving toward opening offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We in California are very familiar with both the environmental and economic havoc that is caused by spills,\" Gutierrez-Graudins says. \"And it is something we do not want to revisit again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford environmental law professor Deborah Sivas says while it's unlikely that new oil platforms will be built in the near future, it's clear the two actions by the Trump administration signal a willingness to drill off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the Trump administration really wanting to open up offshore oil drilling, I think they need to get rid of or somehow undermine the monument status,\" Sivas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western States Petroleum Association represents the oil industry, and a spokeswoman tells KQED that no oil companies want to drill offshore in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>\u003cem>:\u003c/em> We are expecting the order to study offshore drilling near California to come as early as Friday, April 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Taxes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue\u003c/strong>: The Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/525683530/4-questions-about-trumps-tax-plan?ft=nprml&f=1003,1004,1007,1013,1014,1017,1019,1128\" target=\"_blank\">rolled out a massive tax cut proposal\u003c/a> on Wednesday, highlighted by big cuts in the corporate tax rate. Under the plan, corporations would be taxed at a 15 percent rate, down from the current 35 percent mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint offers few details to assuage concerns that big tax cuts would create a massive hole in the federal budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the few deductions on the chopping block would place an outsized burden on California taxpayers. The Trump administration wants to end the practice of allowing taxpayers to deduct local and state taxes from federal filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Impact\u003c/strong>: In a high-tax state like California, taxpayers could be left on the hook for tens of millions of dollars more in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to pay for cuts, it’s not a crazy way to do it,” says Joseph Bankman, professor of law and business at Stanford Law School. “It’s a little bit unfair because we’re being taxed on a different portion of our income than our counterparts in red states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next\u003c/strong>: The president's plan would have to be introduced as legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI) says Trump's plan is \"along the same lines\" of what the House wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ana Tintocalis, Guy Marzorati and Julia Scott contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Who’s Behind the Colorful Lights at San Francisco City Hall?",
"headTitle": "Who’s Behind the Colorful Lights at San Francisco City Hall? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ay Curious listener \u003ca href=\"https://www.fireclaytile.com/our-team/\">Katie Emigh \u003c/a>loves walking by San Francisco’s City Hall after sunset. The building’s ominous granite exterior is lit up dramatically every night. Most nights the lights are white. But there are special days when City Hall takes on a whole new look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfpride.org/\">Pride Week\u003c/a>, it glowed in all the colors of the rainbow. After \u003ca href=\"http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/prince\">Prince\u003c/a> died, it was bathed in purple. On St. Paddy’s Day, City Hall turned a radiant shamrock green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such a symbol of San Francisco, and has become more of a symbol as time’s gone on,” Katie says as she stands before City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With her favorite San Francisco building in mind, Katie had a question for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always just curious who decides what the lights are going to be at City Hall — and who does them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428739\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428739\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Emigh met up with her best friend Kim Ish for St. Patricks Day -- but first a stop at her favorite landmark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1920x1277.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Emigh met up with her best friend, Kim Ish, for St. Patrick’s Day — but first a stop at her favorite landmark. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>City Hall History\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like every great structure in every great city, \u003ca href=\"http://sfgov.org/cityhall/\">San Francisco City Hall\u003c/a> has a story to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most city halls are landmarks, it’s true. But our City Hall is even more iconic than your average civic building — one with a history that makes its special luminous hues even more meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Built in 1915, in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassical-architecture\">neoclassical style\u003c/a>, it rises more than the length of a football field into the San Francisco sky. At 307 feet, it’s taller than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc76.htm\">U.S. Capitol Building\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C., and features 240 windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, tens of thousands of visitors walk through its ornate bronze doors — like \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marilyn-monroe-marries-joe-dimaggio\">Marilyn Monroe & Joe DiMaggio\u003c/a> did in 1954. The American icons were \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist8/jodimag.html\">married here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations of San Franciscans, City Hall has long been a symbol of political and social change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that former San Francisco Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ltg.ca.gov/\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> unleashed a watershed legal and political tempest when he issued \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/12/national/san-francisco-city-officials-perform-gay-marriages.html?_r=0\">marriage licenses to gay couples\u003c/a> in 2004, putting the nation on notice when he said, “As California goes, so goes the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Hall has also seen its \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/san-francisco-leaders-george-moscone-and-harvey-milk-are-murdered\">tragic moments\u003c/a>. In 1978, then-Board of Supervisors President \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/\">Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a> made a chilling announcement on the front steps that both \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-oe-getlin23-2008nov23-story.html\">Mayor George Moscone\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://milkfoundation.org/about/harvey-milk-biography/\">Supervisor Harvey Milk\u003c/a>, the first openly gay person elected to public office, had been shot and killed by former Supervisor \u003ca href=\"http://www.biography.com/people/dan-white-17169664\">Dan White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And City Hall has had its turn in the Hollywood spotlight, too, including roles in classics like 1971’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066999/\">“Dirty Harry,”\u003c/a> the blockbuster \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082971/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1\">“Raiders of the Lost Ark”\u003c/a> and the remake of the sci-fi cult standard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077745/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1\">“Invasion of the Body Snatchers.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day, City Hall is a monument to this place we call home. And at night, the lights continue to reflect the city’s unique identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So, who makes the lighting decisions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s actually a trio of City Hall officials: \u003ca href=\"http://sfgsa.org/about-naomi-kelly\">City Administrator Naomi Kelly\u003c/a>; the mayor’s director of special events, \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2000/film/news/s-f-mayor-ups-cohen-to-head-city-film-office-1117787009/\">Martha Cohen\u003c/a>; and the city’s chief of protocol, \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/mayor-lee-appoints-charlotte-mailliard-shultz-chief-protocol\">Charlotte Shultz\u003c/a>. Together, they decide which civic events get lit up — always keying into what Kelly calls “a local nexus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They go with red, white and blue for Election Day and rainbow colors for Pride Week. But sometimes the colors that shine are a little less obvious. Blue on an ordinary February evening? Red tones amid a windy September night?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out City Hall can be rented for private events, and paying clients get to decide City Hall’s lighting scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>\u003c/a> question-asker, Katie, also noticed something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to happen less, and now it seems to happen more frequently,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie’s right. City Hall goes all-aglow more often now. The older lighting system made changing colors a big challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Funding for the $2.5 million project came from a combination of private donations and city funds.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We would have to send a team of electricians and our station engineers out on the second floor of this building and manually change each of the 220 exterior lights with these gel caps,” says Kelly. “That process could take days. And they were incandescent lights, so they burned a lot of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time there was a lighting change it cost about $5,000 to create a new color scheme, so it didn’t happen very often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years ago, City Hall celebrated a milestone — its 100\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the \u003ca href=\"http://sfcityhall100.com/projects.html\">exterior lights were replaced with LED bulbs\u003c/a>,” says Kelly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the colors of the lights got a lot easier. Instead of hiring a full work crew to make the alterations by hand, now one man makes it shine — \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/norman-goldwyn-0b922011\">Norm Goldwyn\u003c/a>, IT Director of the City and County of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Before the new LED lights were installed, it took a crew hours or days to swap out colored gels on the old lights. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before the new LED lights were installed, it took a crew hours or days to swap out colored gels on the old lights. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldwyn works his magic in a dark, cramped room far below the rattle and hubbub of the San Francisco streets above. Some might call him an artist. Instead of a brush he uses a mouse. His canvas is a piece of granite. And his paint palette – it’s a computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his windowless lab downstairs, Goldwyn gets to do what he calls “probably one of the funnest parts of my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room is cluttered. Old boxes, a table, some steel machinery, a piece of granite and one of the new LED light fixtures sit amid the mess. He quickly goes to work and explains his process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428743\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"For Norm Goldwyn, getting the hue to shine on the granite just right is an art. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Norm Goldwyn, getting the hue to shine on the granite just right is an art. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I grab a computer and hook it up to a light fixture, and then I can adjust the sliders until I can find the exact color combination that makes sense for that particular special occasion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the colors right can be tricky, since they look different on a laptop than they do shining on the City Hall facade. For this, he has a real-world solution — that slab of granite on the basement floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an example of the granite we use on the outside of City Hall,” he says, positioning the stone just right. “So when we finally take a color idea, we can shine it on the sample material here and see what color, with our own eyes, it’s really going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with a quick touch on a laptop keyboard, the whole space is suddenly lit up green. A shamrock green to be precise. Other nights, the dark basement radiates in \u003ca href=\"https://www.womensmarch.com/\">Women’s March\u003c/a> pink or \u003ca href=\"http://www.nba.com/warriors/\">Warriors\u003c/a> blue and gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428744\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"A dark room with a sample piece of granite helps Goldwyn find the right hue from his palette of 16 million. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dark room with a sample piece of granite helps Goldwyn find the right hue from his palette of 16 million. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But getting the colors just right isn’t as easy as you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took us a lot of tries to get Giants orange looking orange, as opposed to red or yellow,” admits Goldwyn. “And most people don’t actually know what they want. They just want blue. But they don’t think about Sky Blue, Carolina Blue, Deep Indigo. They just say, ‘I want blue.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldwyn can adjust for 16 million hues. The colors can also be set to change and move. And with the new technology also comes ease of use. The lights are programmed to go off and on with a touch of the hand and simple flip of a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428745\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Emigh is eager for one particular San Francisco sports team to be honored by the City Hall light scheme. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Emigh is eager for one particular San Francisco sports team to be honored by the City Hall light scheme. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside, Katie admires the work of the man in the basement down below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Norm really did it tonight. He really killed it with the green,” she says. “It’s inspiring, because it’s less bureaucratic than I thought it would be, less people involved than I thought it would be. That this small group of people are able to represent these moments for the city, that really show this beautiful civic monument, is absolutely wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she heads off into the San Francisco night, she turns to say one last thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you want to know the next great moment I’m looking forward to City Hall shining bright for? \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/giants\">Giants\u003c/a> orange, baby!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a good thing Norm Goldwyn already has the right shade of orange all figured out. Not too red. Not too yellow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ay Curious listener \u003ca href=\"https://www.fireclaytile.com/our-team/\">Katie Emigh \u003c/a>loves walking by San Francisco’s City Hall after sunset. The building’s ominous granite exterior is lit up dramatically every night. Most nights the lights are white. But there are special days when City Hall takes on a whole new look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfpride.org/\">Pride Week\u003c/a>, it glowed in all the colors of the rainbow. After \u003ca href=\"http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/prince\">Prince\u003c/a> died, it was bathed in purple. On St. Paddy’s Day, City Hall turned a radiant shamrock green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such a symbol of San Francisco, and has become more of a symbol as time’s gone on,” Katie says as she stands before City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With her favorite San Francisco building in mind, Katie had a question for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always just curious who decides what the lights are going to be at City Hall — and who does them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428739\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428739\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Emigh met up with her best friend Kim Ish for St. Patricks Day -- but first a stop at her favorite landmark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1920x1277.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-11-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Emigh met up with her best friend, Kim Ish, for St. Patrick’s Day — but first a stop at her favorite landmark. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>City Hall History\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like every great structure in every great city, \u003ca href=\"http://sfgov.org/cityhall/\">San Francisco City Hall\u003c/a> has a story to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most city halls are landmarks, it’s true. But our City Hall is even more iconic than your average civic building — one with a history that makes its special luminous hues even more meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Built in 1915, in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassical-architecture\">neoclassical style\u003c/a>, it rises more than the length of a football field into the San Francisco sky. At 307 feet, it’s taller than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc76.htm\">U.S. Capitol Building\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C., and features 240 windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, tens of thousands of visitors walk through its ornate bronze doors — like \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marilyn-monroe-marries-joe-dimaggio\">Marilyn Monroe & Joe DiMaggio\u003c/a> did in 1954. The American icons were \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist8/jodimag.html\">married here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations of San Franciscans, City Hall has long been a symbol of political and social change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that former San Francisco Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ltg.ca.gov/\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> unleashed a watershed legal and political tempest when he issued \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/12/national/san-francisco-city-officials-perform-gay-marriages.html?_r=0\">marriage licenses to gay couples\u003c/a> in 2004, putting the nation on notice when he said, “As California goes, so goes the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Hall has also seen its \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/san-francisco-leaders-george-moscone-and-harvey-milk-are-murdered\">tragic moments\u003c/a>. In 1978, then-Board of Supervisors President \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/\">Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a> made a chilling announcement on the front steps that both \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-oe-getlin23-2008nov23-story.html\">Mayor George Moscone\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://milkfoundation.org/about/harvey-milk-biography/\">Supervisor Harvey Milk\u003c/a>, the first openly gay person elected to public office, had been shot and killed by former Supervisor \u003ca href=\"http://www.biography.com/people/dan-white-17169664\">Dan White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And City Hall has had its turn in the Hollywood spotlight, too, including roles in classics like 1971’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066999/\">“Dirty Harry,”\u003c/a> the blockbuster \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082971/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1\">“Raiders of the Lost Ark”\u003c/a> and the remake of the sci-fi cult standard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077745/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1\">“Invasion of the Body Snatchers.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day, City Hall is a monument to this place we call home. And at night, the lights continue to reflect the city’s unique identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So, who makes the lighting decisions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s actually a trio of City Hall officials: \u003ca href=\"http://sfgsa.org/about-naomi-kelly\">City Administrator Naomi Kelly\u003c/a>; the mayor’s director of special events, \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2000/film/news/s-f-mayor-ups-cohen-to-head-city-film-office-1117787009/\">Martha Cohen\u003c/a>; and the city’s chief of protocol, \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/mayor-lee-appoints-charlotte-mailliard-shultz-chief-protocol\">Charlotte Shultz\u003c/a>. Together, they decide which civic events get lit up — always keying into what Kelly calls “a local nexus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They go with red, white and blue for Election Day and rainbow colors for Pride Week. But sometimes the colors that shine are a little less obvious. Blue on an ordinary February evening? Red tones amid a windy September night?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out City Hall can be rented for private events, and paying clients get to decide City Hall’s lighting scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>\u003c/a> question-asker, Katie, also noticed something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to happen less, and now it seems to happen more frequently,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie’s right. City Hall goes all-aglow more often now. The older lighting system made changing colors a big challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Funding for the $2.5 million project came from a combination of private donations and city funds.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We would have to send a team of electricians and our station engineers out on the second floor of this building and manually change each of the 220 exterior lights with these gel caps,” says Kelly. “That process could take days. And they were incandescent lights, so they burned a lot of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time there was a lighting change it cost about $5,000 to create a new color scheme, so it didn’t happen very often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years ago, City Hall celebrated a milestone — its 100\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the \u003ca href=\"http://sfcityhall100.com/projects.html\">exterior lights were replaced with LED bulbs\u003c/a>,” says Kelly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the colors of the lights got a lot easier. Instead of hiring a full work crew to make the alterations by hand, now one man makes it shine — \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/norman-goldwyn-0b922011\">Norm Goldwyn\u003c/a>, IT Director of the City and County of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428747\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Before the new LED lights were installed, it took a crew hours or days to swap out colored gels on the old lights. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_b4850-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before the new LED lights were installed, it took a crew hours or days to swap out colored gels on the old lights. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldwyn works his magic in a dark, cramped room far below the rattle and hubbub of the San Francisco streets above. Some might call him an artist. Instead of a brush he uses a mouse. His canvas is a piece of granite. And his paint palette – it’s a computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his windowless lab downstairs, Goldwyn gets to do what he calls “probably one of the funnest parts of my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room is cluttered. Old boxes, a table, some steel machinery, a piece of granite and one of the new LED light fixtures sit amid the mess. He quickly goes to work and explains his process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428743\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"For Norm Goldwyn, getting the hue to shine on the granite just right is an art. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-6-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Norm Goldwyn, getting the hue to shine on the granite just right is an art. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I grab a computer and hook it up to a light fixture, and then I can adjust the sliders until I can find the exact color combination that makes sense for that particular special occasion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the colors right can be tricky, since they look different on a laptop than they do shining on the City Hall facade. For this, he has a real-world solution — that slab of granite on the basement floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an example of the granite we use on the outside of City Hall,” he says, positioning the stone just right. “So when we finally take a color idea, we can shine it on the sample material here and see what color, with our own eyes, it’s really going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with a quick touch on a laptop keyboard, the whole space is suddenly lit up green. A shamrock green to be precise. Other nights, the dark basement radiates in \u003ca href=\"https://www.womensmarch.com/\">Women’s March\u003c/a> pink or \u003ca href=\"http://www.nba.com/warriors/\">Warriors\u003c/a> blue and gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428744\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"A dark room with a sample piece of granite helps Goldwyn find the right hue from his palette of 16 million. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_bb4887-3-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dark room with a sample piece of granite helps Goldwyn find the right hue from his palette of 16 million. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But getting the colors just right isn’t as easy as you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took us a lot of tries to get Giants orange looking orange, as opposed to red or yellow,” admits Goldwyn. “And most people don’t actually know what they want. They just want blue. But they don’t think about Sky Blue, Carolina Blue, Deep Indigo. They just say, ‘I want blue.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldwyn can adjust for 16 million hues. The colors can also be set to change and move. And with the new technology also comes ease of use. The lights are programmed to go off and on with a touch of the hand and simple flip of a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428745\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11428745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"Katie Emigh is eager for one particular San Francisco sports team to be honored by the City Hall light scheme. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/DSC_k4956-7-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katie Emigh is eager for one particular San Francisco sports team to be honored by the City Hall light scheme. \u003ccite>(Blair Wells/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside, Katie admires the work of the man in the basement down below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Norm really did it tonight. He really killed it with the green,” she says. “It’s inspiring, because it’s less bureaucratic than I thought it would be, less people involved than I thought it would be. That this small group of people are able to represent these moments for the city, that really show this beautiful civic monument, is absolutely wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she heads off into the San Francisco night, she turns to say one last thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you want to know the next great moment I’m looking forward to City Hall shining bright for? \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlb.com/giants\">Giants\u003c/a> orange, baby!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a good thing Norm Goldwyn already has the right shade of orange all figured out. Not too red. Not too yellow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Before Obamacare, People with Pre-Existing Conditions Got Little Help From States",
"title": "Before Obamacare, People with Pre-Existing Conditions Got Little Help From States",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>For most of his life, Carl Goulden had near-perfect health. He and his wife, Wanda, say that changed 10 years ago. Carl remembered feeling “a lot of pain in the back, tired, fatigue, yellow eyes — a lot of jaundice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gray-like skin,” Wanda added. His liver wasn’t working, she explained. “It wasn’t filtering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl was diagnosed with hepatitis B. He is now 65 and on Medicare, but back then he had a flower shop in Littlestown, Pennsylvania, so he had been buying health insurance for his family on the market for small businesses and the self-employed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medications to manage Carl’s hepatitis cost more than $10,000 a year — and if he ever needed a liver transplant, as some people with hepatitis eventually do, the costs could be formidable. Thank goodness they had health insurance, the couple thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, Carl said, “the insurance renewals went way up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few years, he could no longer afford to buy the coverage — more than $1,000 a month — and maintain his business. So he dropped the insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was devastated,” he said, “because I didn’t know when my liver might fail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa Miller, Pennsylvania’s insurance commissioner, said that steep increase in insurance rates was legal. And before the Affordable Care Act became law, a patient like Goulden might have had a hard time buying another policy. He likely would have been turned down by private insurers because he had a “pre-existing” medical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family like the Gouldens would “just have been out of luck,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pennsylvania: The Wild, Wild West\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBefore the ACA, states had differing approaches to handling pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania was typical. Until the ACA mandated that insurers treat sick and healthy people equally, buying insurance seemed as lawless as the Wild West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers couldn’t overtly kick people off a plan if they got sick, but they could find ways to charge them much more, even those whose chronic condition wasn’t that serious — such as acne. For individuals looking to sign up in the first place, “an insurance company could simply decline to offer you insurance at all because of your pre-existing condition,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers who did offer a policy to someone with a pre-existing condition might have done so with a catch — the plan could require a waiting period or might exclude treatment for that condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, let’s say you had diabetes, for example,” Miller said. “You might have been able to get coverage for an unexpected health care need that arose, but you’d still be on your own for any treatment and management of your diabetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of an insurance company, these practices were intended to prevent the sick from signing up for a health plan only when they needed costly care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania tried to partially solve this problem by creating a scaled-back health plan, called adultBasic, for those with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid who didn’t have any coverage. Household incomes had to be less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level, which at that time would have been $21,660 for an individual. More than 40,000 people were signed up in 2011, and nearly half a million were on the waiting list, but the plans didn’t include coverage for mental health care, prescription drugs or more than two nights in a hospital. Even so, Miller said, the strategy proved too expensive for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That program was spending $13 million to $14 million a month when it was shut down,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California: High-Risk Pool at High Cost\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore than 30 other states dealt with pre-existing conditions by setting up what are called high-risk pools, a separate insurance plan for individuals who couldn’t get health coverage in the private market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plans could be lifesavers for some people with conditions like cancer — which can cost tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences with high-risk pools varied, but states faced challenges, said John Bertko, an insurance actuary with the state of California. And the main problem was the high cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one in California, which I was associated with, limited annual services to no more than $75,000, and they had a waiting list. There was not enough money,” Bertko said. “The 20,000 people who got into it were the lucky ones. At one point in time, there were another 10,000 people on a waiting list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pools also had catches: Premiums were expensive, as were out-of-pocket costs. And plans often excluded the coverage of pre-existing conditions for six months to a year after the patient bought the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Jersey: Pre-existing Conditions Covered, With A Catch\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAround that same time, across the Delaware River, the state of New Jersey was trying something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurers could not take health status into account,” said Joel Cantor, director of Rutgers’ Center for State Health Policy who has been analyzing the New Jersey experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the ACA, New Jersey was one of just a handful of states that prohibited insurers from denying coverage to people with pre-existing conditions. Insurers also weren’t allowed to charge people significantly more for having a health issue, and the plans had to offer robust coverage of services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a one-year waiting period for coverage of a pre-existing condition, but a larger issue became cost. The entire individual market in New Jersey became expensive for everyone, regardless of their health status, Cantor said. Because there was no mandate to have health insurance coverage, those who signed up tended to need it, and healthy people did not enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, “the prices went up and up,” he said. And the premiums and enrollment “went down and down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state tried to address this in the early 2000s by introducing a “skinny” health plan, Cantor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By that I mean very few benefits,” he explains. “It covered very, very limited services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was affordable and really popular, especially among the young and healthy people, and about 100,000 people signed up. But if a person had a health need, many costs shifted to the individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It left people with huge financial exposure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s, in part, why the ACA included a rule that insurance plans now must offer good benefits and be available to everybody. In exchange, insurers have the mandate and subsidies — so that everybody will buy in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantor said these experiences point to an ongoing quandary: A small portion of people consume a big chunk of health care costs. It’s hard to predict who will cost a lot — or when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes The Pulse, NPR and Kaiser Health News.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Until the ACA mandated that insurers treat sick and healthy people equally, buying insurance seemed as lawless as the Wild West.",
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"title": "Before Obamacare, People with Pre-Existing Conditions Got Little Help From States | KQED",
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"headline": "Before Obamacare, People with Pre-Existing Conditions Got Little Help From States",
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"nprByline": " \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/author/elana-gordon-whyy/\" target=\"_blank\">Elana Gordon\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/br>Kaiser Health News",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For most of his life, Carl Goulden had near-perfect health. He and his wife, Wanda, say that changed 10 years ago. Carl remembered feeling “a lot of pain in the back, tired, fatigue, yellow eyes — a lot of jaundice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gray-like skin,” Wanda added. His liver wasn’t working, she explained. “It wasn’t filtering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl was diagnosed with hepatitis B. He is now 65 and on Medicare, but back then he had a flower shop in Littlestown, Pennsylvania, so he had been buying health insurance for his family on the market for small businesses and the self-employed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medications to manage Carl’s hepatitis cost more than $10,000 a year — and if he ever needed a liver transplant, as some people with hepatitis eventually do, the costs could be formidable. Thank goodness they had health insurance, the couple thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, Carl said, “the insurance renewals went way up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few years, he could no longer afford to buy the coverage — more than $1,000 a month — and maintain his business. So he dropped the insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was devastated,” he said, “because I didn’t know when my liver might fail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa Miller, Pennsylvania’s insurance commissioner, said that steep increase in insurance rates was legal. And before the Affordable Care Act became law, a patient like Goulden might have had a hard time buying another policy. He likely would have been turned down by private insurers because he had a “pre-existing” medical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A family like the Gouldens would “just have been out of luck,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pennsylvania: The Wild, Wild West\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBefore the ACA, states had differing approaches to handling pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania was typical. Until the ACA mandated that insurers treat sick and healthy people equally, buying insurance seemed as lawless as the Wild West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers couldn’t overtly kick people off a plan if they got sick, but they could find ways to charge them much more, even those whose chronic condition wasn’t that serious — such as acne. For individuals looking to sign up in the first place, “an insurance company could simply decline to offer you insurance at all because of your pre-existing condition,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers who did offer a policy to someone with a pre-existing condition might have done so with a catch — the plan could require a waiting period or might exclude treatment for that condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, let’s say you had diabetes, for example,” Miller said. “You might have been able to get coverage for an unexpected health care need that arose, but you’d still be on your own for any treatment and management of your diabetes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of an insurance company, these practices were intended to prevent the sick from signing up for a health plan only when they needed costly care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennsylvania tried to partially solve this problem by creating a scaled-back health plan, called adultBasic, for those with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid who didn’t have any coverage. Household incomes had to be less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level, which at that time would have been $21,660 for an individual. More than 40,000 people were signed up in 2011, and nearly half a million were on the waiting list, but the plans didn’t include coverage for mental health care, prescription drugs or more than two nights in a hospital. Even so, Miller said, the strategy proved too expensive for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That program was spending $13 million to $14 million a month when it was shut down,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California: High-Risk Pool at High Cost\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore than 30 other states dealt with pre-existing conditions by setting up what are called high-risk pools, a separate insurance plan for individuals who couldn’t get health coverage in the private market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plans could be lifesavers for some people with conditions like cancer — which can cost tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences with high-risk pools varied, but states faced challenges, said John Bertko, an insurance actuary with the state of California. And the main problem was the high cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one in California, which I was associated with, limited annual services to no more than $75,000, and they had a waiting list. There was not enough money,” Bertko said. “The 20,000 people who got into it were the lucky ones. At one point in time, there were another 10,000 people on a waiting list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pools also had catches: Premiums were expensive, as were out-of-pocket costs. And plans often excluded the coverage of pre-existing conditions for six months to a year after the patient bought the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Jersey: Pre-existing Conditions Covered, With A Catch\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAround that same time, across the Delaware River, the state of New Jersey was trying something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurers could not take health status into account,” said Joel Cantor, director of Rutgers’ Center for State Health Policy who has been analyzing the New Jersey experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the ACA, New Jersey was one of just a handful of states that prohibited insurers from denying coverage to people with pre-existing conditions. Insurers also weren’t allowed to charge people significantly more for having a health issue, and the plans had to offer robust coverage of services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a one-year waiting period for coverage of a pre-existing condition, but a larger issue became cost. The entire individual market in New Jersey became expensive for everyone, regardless of their health status, Cantor said. Because there was no mandate to have health insurance coverage, those who signed up tended to need it, and healthy people did not enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, “the prices went up and up,” he said. And the premiums and enrollment “went down and down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state tried to address this in the early 2000s by introducing a “skinny” health plan, Cantor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By that I mean very few benefits,” he explains. “It covered very, very limited services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was affordable and really popular, especially among the young and healthy people, and about 100,000 people signed up. But if a person had a health need, many costs shifted to the individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It left people with huge financial exposure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s, in part, why the ACA included a rule that insurance plans now must offer good benefits and be available to everybody. In exchange, insurers have the mandate and subsidies — so that everybody will buy in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantor said these experiences point to an ongoing quandary: A small portion of people consume a big chunk of health care costs. It’s hard to predict who will cost a lot — or when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes The Pulse, NPR and Kaiser Health News.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge Dismisses Most Charges Against Man Shot by S.F. Police Officers",
"title": "Judge Dismisses Most Charges Against Man Shot by S.F. Police Officers",
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"content": "\u003cp>A San Francisco judge has dismissed most of the charges against a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/s-f-police-shooting-wounded-man-in-psychiatric-crisis-body-camera-footage-withheld/\" target=\"_blank\">man shot\u003c/a> by two city police officers on Jan. 6, ruling that the officers unlawfully continued to engage with Sean Moore after contacting him about a dispute with his neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore, who survived gunshot wounds to his groin and abdomen, initially faced 10 felonies including assaulting a police officer, battery with injury of a police officer, threatening an officer and resisting an officer causing serious bodily injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>SFPD Shooting Raises Questions About City's Response to Psychiatric Crises\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/16/s-f-police-shooting-raises-questions-about-citys-response-to-psychiatric-crises/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/CIT-S12544_alt_564-800x527.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Deployment of specially trained officers remains spotty. Department says changes are coming, including training for every officer. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/16/s-f-police-shooting-raises-questions-about-citys-response-to-psychiatric-crises/\" target=\"_blank\">Read here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003cp>Two of those charges were dismissed previously. On Tuesday, Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Ross dismissed all remaining charges involving resisting, threatening or battering police because -- according to Moore's defense attorneys -- the officers lacked probable cause and were essentially trespassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of these charges, nearly all of them, were completely unfounded,\" San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi said at a press conference on Wednesday. \"Mr. Moore was within his rights when he asked the officers over 40 times to leave him alone. When the officers then approached him, they were essentially trespassing. They had no legal right to do what they did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino approached a locked gate at the top of Moore's stairs just before 4 a.m. on Jan. 6. Moore's neighbor had called police and complained of banging on a shared wall, an alleged violation of a temporary restraining order scheduled for a hearing the following week. The entire incident was captured on both officers' body cameras, and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/18/police-public-defender-clash-over-body-cam-video-of-officer-involved-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\">Adachi released\u003c/a> footage of it in mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore came to the gate and was immediately agitated. He told the officers that he didn't call them and said, \"get the fuck off my stair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to try to talk with Moore about the restraining order and his neighbor's complaint, retreating and reascending the stairs multiple times. Moore repeatedly told them to leave and ended the conversation by closing his front door, only to re-emerge and continue arguing with the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editors note: The following video contains profanity and violence.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBb3_WvFtXk&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About five minutes into the encounter, Moore opened his locked gate and moved toward the officers. Cha pepper-sprayed him, also hitting Patino. Moore went back inside, and the officers ended up back at the bottom of the stairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Moore came out again, both officers tried to move in and arrest him. They fought on the narrow staircase, and Moore allegedly punched Patino in the face after the officer hit him in the leg with a baton. Patino toppled to the sidewalk with a broken nose. Moore then allegedly kicked Cha, who shot him twice as he fell backward down the stairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back inside his house, Moore called 911 and said he'd been shot. Police arrested him over an hour later, and Moore was taken to the hospital. He's had three major surgeries, according to his family and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Charges Dismissed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal reasoning for dismissing most of the criminal charges against Moore has to do with constitutional protections against unwarranted search and seizure, which are heightened in one's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To ignore Moore's demand that they leave, the officers needed probable cause to believe a felony had occurred, according to Moore's defense attorneys, or witnessed a misdemeanor. Moore's alleged violation of a pending restraining order may have been a misdemeanor, but the officers weren't there to see it. They also could have continued to engage Moore if they had a warrant or were responding to a citizen's arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They had none of those,\" Deputy Public Defender Brian Pearlman said. \"Going up and ringing the bell was fine, but once Mr. Moore said to 'get off my stairs,' that was it, they needed to leave. And they refused to leave and kept escalating the situation, which led to violence, which led to Mr. Moore being shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11275978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Photographs of SFPD officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino following their Jan. 6 encounter with Sean Moore as displayed at a Police Department press conference on Jan. 18.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11275978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographs of SFPD officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino following their Jan. 6 encounter with Sean Moore as displayed at a Police Department press conference on Jan. 18. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moore still faces one felony and one misdemeanor charge. The felony is for allegedly punching Officer Patino in the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DA would need to show beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Moore was not defending himself at that point,\" Pearlman said. \"They're not officers at that point; they're trespassers. So it'd be just like if somebody was at your house pepper-spraying you and beating you and trying to drag you out your front door. Are you going to be entitled to hit them? I would say definitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final remaining charge is a misdemeanor for allegedly violating a temporary restraining order, which Pearlman also says will be difficult for prosecutors to prove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is about one bang on the wall, maybe two, at four in the morning,\" he said. \"And this ended in Mr. Moore being shot and almost dying. This is preposterous that this happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the district attorney's office noted that a different judge ruled that there was sufficient evidence to proceed on 10 of the charges against Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Another judge that reviewed the transcripts from that hearing came to a very different conclusion,\" district attorney's spokesman Max Szabo said in a written statement. He said the office is evaluating how to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Moore's mother, Cleo Moore, said she hopes her son's trauma will lead to changes in how police approach people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being a nurse, I know that the seriousness of his injuries could follow him over the rest of his life,\" she said. \"But being a Christian person, I just know that he could have been dead. ... My son has suffered. The family has suffered a great deal. So hopefully something will happen so that another family won't have to go through what we've gone through.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A San Francisco judge has dismissed most of the charges against a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/s-f-police-shooting-wounded-man-in-psychiatric-crisis-body-camera-footage-withheld/\" target=\"_blank\">man shot\u003c/a> by two city police officers on Jan. 6, ruling that the officers unlawfully continued to engage with Sean Moore after contacting him about a dispute with his neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore, who survived gunshot wounds to his groin and abdomen, initially faced 10 felonies including assaulting a police officer, battery with injury of a police officer, threatening an officer and resisting an officer causing serious bodily injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>SFPD Shooting Raises Questions About City's Response to Psychiatric Crises\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/16/s-f-police-shooting-raises-questions-about-citys-response-to-psychiatric-crises/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/CIT-S12544_alt_564-800x527.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Deployment of specially trained officers remains spotty. Department says changes are coming, including training for every officer. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/16/s-f-police-shooting-raises-questions-about-citys-response-to-psychiatric-crises/\" target=\"_blank\">Read here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003cp>Two of those charges were dismissed previously. On Tuesday, Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Ross dismissed all remaining charges involving resisting, threatening or battering police because -- according to Moore's defense attorneys -- the officers lacked probable cause and were essentially trespassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of these charges, nearly all of them, were completely unfounded,\" San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi said at a press conference on Wednesday. \"Mr. Moore was within his rights when he asked the officers over 40 times to leave him alone. When the officers then approached him, they were essentially trespassing. They had no legal right to do what they did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Shooting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino approached a locked gate at the top of Moore's stairs just before 4 a.m. on Jan. 6. Moore's neighbor had called police and complained of banging on a shared wall, an alleged violation of a temporary restraining order scheduled for a hearing the following week. The entire incident was captured on both officers' body cameras, and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/18/police-public-defender-clash-over-body-cam-video-of-officer-involved-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\">Adachi released\u003c/a> footage of it in mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore came to the gate and was immediately agitated. He told the officers that he didn't call them and said, \"get the fuck off my stair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers continued to try to talk with Moore about the restraining order and his neighbor's complaint, retreating and reascending the stairs multiple times. Moore repeatedly told them to leave and ended the conversation by closing his front door, only to re-emerge and continue arguing with the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editors note: The following video contains profanity and violence.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/DBb3_WvFtXk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/DBb3_WvFtXk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>About five minutes into the encounter, Moore opened his locked gate and moved toward the officers. Cha pepper-sprayed him, also hitting Patino. Moore went back inside, and the officers ended up back at the bottom of the stairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Moore came out again, both officers tried to move in and arrest him. They fought on the narrow staircase, and Moore allegedly punched Patino in the face after the officer hit him in the leg with a baton. Patino toppled to the sidewalk with a broken nose. Moore then allegedly kicked Cha, who shot him twice as he fell backward down the stairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back inside his house, Moore called 911 and said he'd been shot. Police arrested him over an hour later, and Moore was taken to the hospital. He's had three major surgeries, according to his family and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Charges Dismissed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal reasoning for dismissing most of the criminal charges against Moore has to do with constitutional protections against unwarranted search and seizure, which are heightened in one's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To ignore Moore's demand that they leave, the officers needed probable cause to believe a felony had occurred, according to Moore's defense attorneys, or witnessed a misdemeanor. Moore's alleged violation of a pending restraining order may have been a misdemeanor, but the officers weren't there to see it. They also could have continued to engage Moore if they had a warrant or were responding to a citizen's arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They had none of those,\" Deputy Public Defender Brian Pearlman said. \"Going up and ringing the bell was fine, but once Mr. Moore said to 'get off my stairs,' that was it, they needed to leave. And they refused to leave and kept escalating the situation, which led to violence, which led to Mr. Moore being shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11275978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Photographs of SFPD officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino following their Jan. 6 encounter with Sean Moore as displayed at a Police Department press conference on Jan. 18.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11275978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/RS23668_20170118_1552390-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographs of SFPD officers Kenneth Cha and Colin Patino following their Jan. 6 encounter with Sean Moore as displayed at a Police Department press conference on Jan. 18. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moore still faces one felony and one misdemeanor charge. The felony is for allegedly punching Officer Patino in the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The DA would need to show beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Moore was not defending himself at that point,\" Pearlman said. \"They're not officers at that point; they're trespassers. So it'd be just like if somebody was at your house pepper-spraying you and beating you and trying to drag you out your front door. Are you going to be entitled to hit them? I would say definitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final remaining charge is a misdemeanor for allegedly violating a temporary restraining order, which Pearlman also says will be difficult for prosecutors to prove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is about one bang on the wall, maybe two, at four in the morning,\" he said. \"And this ended in Mr. Moore being shot and almost dying. This is preposterous that this happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the district attorney's office noted that a different judge ruled that there was sufficient evidence to proceed on 10 of the charges against Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Another judge that reviewed the transcripts from that hearing came to a very different conclusion,\" district attorney's spokesman Max Szabo said in a written statement. He said the office is evaluating how to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Moore's mother, Cleo Moore, said she hopes her son's trauma will lead to changes in how police approach people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being a nurse, I know that the seriousness of his injuries could follow him over the rest of his life,\" she said. \"But being a Christian person, I just know that he could have been dead. ... My son has suffered. The family has suffered a great deal. So hopefully something will happen so that another family won't have to go through what we've gone through.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong> 8:00 a.m\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposal to substantially remake California's health care system by eliminating insurance companies and guaranteeing coverage for everyone has cleared the first legislative hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate Health Committee voted to advance the measure on Wednesday as hundreds of nurses and advocates converged on the state Capitol to show their support. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, known as single-payer health care, is getting a new look in California as President Donald Trump struggles to repeal and replace former President Barack Obama's health care law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, promoted by the state's powerful nursing union and two Democratic senators, is still a longshot. But supporters hope the time is right to persuade lawmakers in California, where Democrats are eager to stand up to the Republican president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the chance to make universal health care a reality now,\" Democratic state Sen. Ricardo Lara of the Los Angeles-area city of Bell Gardens said last month. \"It's time to talk about how we get to health care for all that covers more and costs less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would guarantee health coverage with no out-of-pocket costs for all California residents, including people living in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private insurers would be barred from covering the same services, essentially eliminating them from the marketplace. Instead, a new state agency would contract with health care providers such as doctors and hospitals and pay the bills for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an essential question is still unanswered: Where will the money come from? California health care expenditures last year totaled more than $367 billion, according to the Center for Health Policy Research at University of California, Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure envisions using all public money now spent on health care — from Medicare, Medicaid, federal public health funds and \"Obamacare\" subsidies. But it would also require tax increases on businesses, individuals or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, who wrote the legislation with Democratic Sen. Toni Atkins of San Diego, says they are working on the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers, business groups and health plans have mobilized in opposition, warning that the measure would require massive tax increases and force patients into lengthy waits to see a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the state should stay focused on implementing Obama's health care law, which is credited with significantly reducing the ranks of the uninsured in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California can't afford a single-payer health care system,\" said Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans. \"It's going to reduce the quality of care. We think it will restrict access to care, and it will be incredibly disruptive to all the Californians who currently get health care coverage through their employer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea faces significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, SB562, would affect everyone — not just the roughly 8 percent of Californians without insurance — including people on Medicare and private, employer-sponsored insurance, plans that are generally well-liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing billions of dollars in health care spending by employers and individuals would require significant tax increases, which must have support from two-thirds of the Assembly and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it were to clear the Legislature and be signed by Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown, it would require cooperation from Trump's administration to waive rules about federal Medicare and Medicaid dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea to substantially increase the government's role in health care comes as Trump and Republicans in Congress look to reduce it. The conservative House Freedom Caucus on Wednesday announced its support for a newly revised GOP health care bill, a month after the group's opposition forced Republican leaders to pull the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong> 8:00 a.m\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposal to substantially remake California's health care system by eliminating insurance companies and guaranteeing coverage for everyone has cleared the first legislative hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate Health Committee voted to advance the measure on Wednesday as hundreds of nurses and advocates converged on the state Capitol to show their support. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, known as single-payer health care, is getting a new look in California as President Donald Trump struggles to repeal and replace former President Barack Obama's health care law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, promoted by the state's powerful nursing union and two Democratic senators, is still a longshot. But supporters hope the time is right to persuade lawmakers in California, where Democrats are eager to stand up to the Republican president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the chance to make universal health care a reality now,\" Democratic state Sen. Ricardo Lara of the Los Angeles-area city of Bell Gardens said last month. \"It's time to talk about how we get to health care for all that covers more and costs less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would guarantee health coverage with no out-of-pocket costs for all California residents, including people living in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private insurers would be barred from covering the same services, essentially eliminating them from the marketplace. Instead, a new state agency would contract with health care providers such as doctors and hospitals and pay the bills for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an essential question is still unanswered: Where will the money come from? California health care expenditures last year totaled more than $367 billion, according to the Center for Health Policy Research at University of California, Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure envisions using all public money now spent on health care — from Medicare, Medicaid, federal public health funds and \"Obamacare\" subsidies. But it would also require tax increases on businesses, individuals or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, who wrote the legislation with Democratic Sen. Toni Atkins of San Diego, says they are working on the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers, business groups and health plans have mobilized in opposition, warning that the measure would require massive tax increases and force patients into lengthy waits to see a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the state should stay focused on implementing Obama's health care law, which is credited with significantly reducing the ranks of the uninsured in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California can't afford a single-payer health care system,\" said Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans. \"It's going to reduce the quality of care. We think it will restrict access to care, and it will be incredibly disruptive to all the Californians who currently get health care coverage through their employer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea faces significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, SB562, would affect everyone — not just the roughly 8 percent of Californians without insurance — including people on Medicare and private, employer-sponsored insurance, plans that are generally well-liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing billions of dollars in health care spending by employers and individuals would require significant tax increases, which must have support from two-thirds of the Assembly and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it were to clear the Legislature and be signed by Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown, it would require cooperation from Trump's administration to waive rules about federal Medicare and Medicaid dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea to substantially increase the government's role in health care comes as Trump and Republicans in Congress look to reduce it. The conservative House Freedom Caucus on Wednesday announced its support for a newly revised GOP health care bill, a month after the group's opposition forced Republican leaders to pull the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Two Men to Stand Trial in Richmond Hate Crime Case",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two men accused of a hate crime in Richmond last September will stand trial. After preliminary hearings, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cc-courts.org/locations/rich.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Superior Court judge\u003c/a> found there was enough evidence for the defendants, Chase Little of Beaumont, Texas, and Colton Leblanc of Winnie, Texas, to face charges of felony assault with hate crime enhancements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged victim, Maan Singh Khalsa, a Sikh, testified Monday that the two defendants attacked him and cut a fistful of his unshorn hair with a knife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11184713\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg\" alt=\"Maan Singh Khalsa, a Richmond resident, was attacked in Richmond on Sept. 25, 2016.\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-240x182.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-375x284.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maan Singh Khalsa, a Richmond resident, was attacked in Richmond on Sept. 25, 2016. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalsa told the court that under his religion, “we never take scissor or knife to hair” because Sikhs believe that humans should “remain how God created us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution says this act was key in filing the hate crime enhancement because it was meant to “humiliate” Khalsa, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.contra-costa.ca.us/203/District-Attorney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Assistant District Attorney Simon O’Connell.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalsa also suffered a black eye, damaged teeth and later had to have his pinky finger amputated due to an infection from a knife wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/14/hate-crime-charges-filed-in-attack-on-sikh-man-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The altercation on Sept. 25\u003c/a> began when a half-full beer can was thrown out the window of a Ford F-250 truck at a stop light near Hilltop Mall in Richmond. Five refinery workers who had been drinking alcohol were riding in the truck. (The defendants were in the Bay Area doing contract work for Chevron). The beer can struck Khalsa’s car door. Khalsa testified he opened his door, reached down and tossed the can back toward the truck’s open window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”u2Ngl74tkpmGIaXsKNsVRInH1g74WoMi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony by Dustin Albarado, who was in the back seat of the truck, Little became angry and flung himself across Albarado’s lap and began “cussing” out the window at Khalsa. Albarado testified that Khalsa was also yelling obscenities … calling the refinery workers “stupid ass punks.” Albarado says he wrapped his arms around Little to restrain him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The light changed and both cars moved ahead — the incident seemingly in the rear-view mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then Little’s hat flew out the truck window, testified Albarado. Little jumped out to retrieve it, but instead of getting back in the truck, he ran toward Khalsa’s car, which had stopped at the next light. Little’s cousin — and now co-defendant — Leblanc jumped out and followed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point Khalsa testified he didn’t see the two men approaching, but had already called 911 to report he was being harassed. He was on the phone with dispatch when Little and Leblanc began hitting him through the open window. Khalsa says they punched him 10 to 15 times with a closed fist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the beating that Khalsa says his two turbans fell off. One of the defendants pulled his bun, yanking his head down toward the window. One of the defendants began yelling, “cut his fucking hair,” Khalsa testified. He says he put his hands up, attempting to block his assailants and the 4-inch pocket knife. He sustained at least two deep gashes to his fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the entire episode Khalsa says he never heard anyone yell a racial slur or make a comment about his religion or his appearance. Defense attorneys emphasized this several times — attempting to raise doubts this was a hate crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connell said outside court that no verbal slurs are needed to prove a hate crime. He said as soon as the defendants “grab his hair, pull it taut and use the expletive ‘cut his fucking hair,’ it is without question done to humiliate Mr. Khalsa based on his perceived natural origin or religion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Little’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarea-criminaldefense.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defense attorney, Julia Jayne\u003c/a>, said there is another side to this story. Outside court, Jayne said, she aims to show that Khalsa struck Little with his car, and it was only then that the physical altercation took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very different series of events if it’s in self-defense — if Mr. Khalsa committed assault with a deadly weapon, which would be a vehicle,” said Jayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Monday’s testimony, \u003ca href=\"http://mcgeorge.edu/Danielle_Douglas.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Superior Court Judge Danielle Douglas \u003c/a>said she found Khalsa’s testimony to be “very credible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also commented that the defendants likely didn’t know Khalsa was Sikh and probably thought him to be Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge went on to say she had “concerns about public safety” with the defendants out on bail and proceeded to up their bail to $250,000 and remanded them both to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are scheduled to be arraigned on May 18.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two men accused of a hate crime in Richmond last September will stand trial. After preliminary hearings, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cc-courts.org/locations/rich.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Superior Court judge\u003c/a> found there was enough evidence for the defendants, Chase Little of Beaumont, Texas, and Colton Leblanc of Winnie, Texas, to face charges of felony assault with hate crime enhancements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged victim, Maan Singh Khalsa, a Sikh, testified Monday that the two defendants attacked him and cut a fistful of his unshorn hair with a knife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11184713\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg\" alt=\"Maan Singh Khalsa, a Richmond resident, was attacked in Richmond on Sept. 25, 2016.\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-240x182.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303-375x284.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maan Singh Khalsa, a Richmond resident, was attacked in Richmond on Sept. 25, 2016. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalsa told the court that under his religion, “we never take scissor or knife to hair” because Sikhs believe that humans should “remain how God created us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution says this act was key in filing the hate crime enhancement because it was meant to “humiliate” Khalsa, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.contra-costa.ca.us/203/District-Attorney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Assistant District Attorney Simon O’Connell.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalsa also suffered a black eye, damaged teeth and later had to have his pinky finger amputated due to an infection from a knife wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/14/hate-crime-charges-filed-in-attack-on-sikh-man-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The altercation on Sept. 25\u003c/a> began when a half-full beer can was thrown out the window of a Ford F-250 truck at a stop light near Hilltop Mall in Richmond. Five refinery workers who had been drinking alcohol were riding in the truck. (The defendants were in the Bay Area doing contract work for Chevron). The beer can struck Khalsa’s car door. Khalsa testified he opened his door, reached down and tossed the can back toward the truck’s open window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony by Dustin Albarado, who was in the back seat of the truck, Little became angry and flung himself across Albarado’s lap and began “cussing” out the window at Khalsa. Albarado testified that Khalsa was also yelling obscenities … calling the refinery workers “stupid ass punks.” Albarado says he wrapped his arms around Little to restrain him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The light changed and both cars moved ahead — the incident seemingly in the rear-view mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then Little’s hat flew out the truck window, testified Albarado. Little jumped out to retrieve it, but instead of getting back in the truck, he ran toward Khalsa’s car, which had stopped at the next light. Little’s cousin — and now co-defendant — Leblanc jumped out and followed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point Khalsa testified he didn’t see the two men approaching, but had already called 911 to report he was being harassed. He was on the phone with dispatch when Little and Leblanc began hitting him through the open window. Khalsa says they punched him 10 to 15 times with a closed fist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the beating that Khalsa says his two turbans fell off. One of the defendants pulled his bun, yanking his head down toward the window. One of the defendants began yelling, “cut his fucking hair,” Khalsa testified. He says he put his hands up, attempting to block his assailants and the 4-inch pocket knife. He sustained at least two deep gashes to his fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the entire episode Khalsa says he never heard anyone yell a racial slur or make a comment about his religion or his appearance. Defense attorneys emphasized this several times — attempting to raise doubts this was a hate crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connell said outside court that no verbal slurs are needed to prove a hate crime. He said as soon as the defendants “grab his hair, pull it taut and use the expletive ‘cut his fucking hair,’ it is without question done to humiliate Mr. Khalsa based on his perceived natural origin or religion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Little’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarea-criminaldefense.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defense attorney, Julia Jayne\u003c/a>, said there is another side to this story. Outside court, Jayne said, she aims to show that Khalsa struck Little with his car, and it was only then that the physical altercation took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very different series of events if it’s in self-defense — if Mr. Khalsa committed assault with a deadly weapon, which would be a vehicle,” said Jayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Monday’s testimony, \u003ca href=\"http://mcgeorge.edu/Danielle_Douglas.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa County Superior Court Judge Danielle Douglas \u003c/a>said she found Khalsa’s testimony to be “very credible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also commented that the defendants likely didn’t know Khalsa was Sikh and probably thought him to be Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge went on to say she had “concerns about public safety” with the defendants out on bail and proceeded to up their bail to $250,000 and remanded them both to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are scheduled to be arraigned on May 18.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rising-seas-claiming-californias-coast-faster-than-scientists-imagined",
"title": "Rising Seas Claiming California's Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined",
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"headTitle": "Rising Seas Claiming California’s Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> slow-moving emergency is lapping at California’s shores — climate-driven sea-level rise that experts now predict could elevate the water in coastal areas up to 10 feet in just 70 years, gobbling up beachfront and overwhelming low-lying cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed with which polar ice is melting and glacier shelves are cracking off indicates to some scientists that once-unthinkable outer-range projections of sea rise may turn out to be too conservative. A knee-buckling new \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science-1.pdf?x35230\">state-commissioned report\u003c/a> warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential result: crippled economies, compromised public safety, submerged infrastructure and a forced retreat from our iconic Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state has done more than California to curb greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and sea-level rise. But experts say that even if carbon reductions continue, residual warming of the ocean will continue unchecked, breeding surges that will impact the state’s coast and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\">estimated\u003c/a> that without concerted intervention, as much as 67 percent of Southern California’s beaches could be lost to rising seas by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consensus of scientific research makes catastrophic projections that, in the worst case, will be reality by the end of this century:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>International airports in San Francisco and Oakland will face flooding, rendering them unusable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Housing perched on fast-eroding coastal bluffs in Pacifica and elsewhere will continue to crash into the sea.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Malibu’s Broad Beach will dwindle into a seldom-seen slice of sand, its name an oxymoron.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the Delta will overwhelm rivers and strain levees critical to California’s water supply.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Power plants, nuclear waste sites and other sensitive waterside sites need to be fortified or will be lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roads, bridges and railways along the coast from Mendocino to San Diego will be abandoned and relocated inland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco’s Embarcadero and low-lying cities such as Huntington Beach will flood more frequently and more severely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 42,000 homes in California will be under water — not merely flooded, but with seawater over roofs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The grim outlook is mirrored in the latest report, which is being presented April 26 for adoption by the state’s Ocean Protection Council. Its sea-level rise projections will assist state agencies and local governments with planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No stretch of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/states/shorelines.pdf\">3,400 miles\u003c/a> of coast, bays, inlets and islands will be spared. Addressing sea-level rise will cost a staggering amount of public and private money, and will particularly impact the poor and vulnerable. The problem becomes more urgent with much of California’s wealth huddled along the coast, supporting an ocean-dependent $44 billion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, state and local officials may come to the gut-wrenching conclusion that some coastal land should be simply abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing well at all,” said Democratic Assemblyman Mark Stone, chairman of the Select Committee on Coastal Protection and Access to Natural Resources. “We have yet to really start to answer the hard questions and make policy — saying, ‘No, we are not going to put public money here.’ Eventually we should get to the point that we are not going to do any public investment in those places any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists tread lightly in the policy realm, providing the information for others to craft into regulations. Not Bill Patzert, who has for years sounded the alarm about rising oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not an existential threat. It’s real. It’s gonna happen,” said Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “Here’s the bigger issue: If you’re in the tunnel and you see the train coming at you, what do you do? Do you race towards it or do you back out? It’s just common sense. As a society, why aren’t we doing that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/regional-rs-opt.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>How high will it go? \u003ca href=\"#anchor\">Check sea level rise near your neighborhood\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists use maps such as this to help state and local officials plan for sea level rise and associated flooding. This interactive graphic shows potential flood zones with water up to 10 feet, the outer range of current projections. (Map by Climate Central)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>rom deep in the hive of large brains at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, set hard against the San Gabriel Mountains, an intense group of scientists from Caltech and the NASA are harnessing satellites that for decades have been peering into space and are now directing their gaze to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — with advanced degrees in physics, mathematics and oceanography — are engaged in what many consider to be the critical research of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are watching ice melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting alone in a cubicle, bathed in the glow of a computer screen or staring down the barrel of a telescope, can be a balm for scientists. Concerning themselves with one finite slice of a planet-wide catastrophe allows them to compartmentalize and disengage from the entire sobering picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even professional detachment fails against the unfolding horror show depicted in the cold display of satellite imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the process of watching the ice sheet in Greenland disappear,” said the lab’s oceanographer Josh Willis, who leads a team studying Greenland. “This is the first time humans have been able to measure it. The last time it was shrinking at this rate was tens of thousands of years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swHW80EWIk0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diminishment of Greenland’s ice mass has been accelerating alarmingly, losing a trillion tons in the last four years. The rapid melting is getting the attention of scientists because locked away in the Greenland ice sheet is the possibility to raise global sea levels by 24 feet. The Antarctic holds 187 feet of potential ice melt. Polar ice loss on that scale would have unfathomable consequences for continued life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis uses satellites to measure the warmth of the waters around Greenland. Because he has a sense of humor, his project is known to all as OMG: Oceans Melting Greenland. (He preferred calling it Water Temperature Fjords, but couldn’t get the acronym past government sensibilities.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As scientists, we’re witnessing these huge events, and it’s telling us how the Earth is changing,” Willis said. “Of course, I’m also a citizen, I live on this planet, and it is worrying that it’s happening. It’s sometimes profoundly shocking to wake up and realize we’re reshaping our entire planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>nderstanding the threat of sea-level rise in California depends to some extent on where you are standing: Boots in the dust of the Central Valley and you might curse the lateness of a rail shipment held up by flooding at the port of Oakland; bare feet in the sand at Huntington Beach and you may have to consider relocating your family, your home and all your possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some simple math: Every inch of sea-level rise equates to an 8- to 10-feet loss of beach. So, using the conservative projection of a 4-foot rise, and the lower-end 8-foot-per inch formula, that equates to 384 feet of coastal beach loss in the next 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10-foot rise scenario, which scientists peg as the new worst-case, would cause a land loss of 800 feet — the length of two-and-a-half football fields. The sea will not rise the same amount in every place; scientists say each discrete elevation is dependent on factors such as the shape of the sea floor and the slope of the landfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MOJVPynj3hoY0QFxBoHsTER6Y383wdd2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the scope of this coming catastrophe, it does not appear to be front-of-mind to many in the state. But that doesn’t mean it’s gone unstudied. California has a peerless capacity to turn over problems until they are smooth and shiny. Understanding comes first, with action often a distant and expensive second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tour through recent scientific analyses:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/the-impacts-of-sea-level-rise-on-the-california-coast/\">2009 report\u003c/a> on sea-level rise commissioned by the state paints worst-case scenarios that are the stuff of disaster movies: A half-million Californians at risk of flooding and more than $100 billion worth of infrastructure. More than two dozen coastal power plants flooded, along with hundreds of hazardous waste facilities, as well as schools, hospitals, police stations, ports and major airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/app/uploads/2013/02/sea_level_rise_sf_bay_cec3.pdf\">report\u003c/a> prepared for the California Energy Commission focused just on the San Francisco Bay and its 1,000 miles of shoreline, concluding: “Rising sea levels will overwhelm the existing protection structures, putting the 140,000 people currently living in vulnerable areas at increased risk.” The authors cautioned their findings did not reflect worst-case scenarios. And, if no action is taken to address the vulnerabilities, the risk projections should be considered “substantially low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Assembly weighed in with a \u003ca href=\"http://lafco.smcgov.org/sites/lafco.smcgov.org/files/documents/files/Select%20Committee%20Sea-Level%20Rise%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> in 2014, and the next year the Senate chimed in with its own \u003ca href=\"http://senv.senate.ca.gov/sites/senv.senate.ca.gov/files/Climate%20Change%20Adaptation_California%20State%20Senate_2015.pdf\">review\u003c/a>, amping it up a bit: “With current projections, rising seas combined with a 100-year flood event would close over 2,000 miles of roadway, the Oakland and San Francisco airports, and the Port of Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering fact of those state-of-the-art reports, recent though they are, is that they are already out of date and not nearly comprehensive enough in describing the scope of what currently faces California. Nor remotely scary enough. What scientists are observing now is, they say, a rapid and steep change that, even as it unfolds over comparatively long periods of time, is nonetheless occurring at a breathtaking pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg\" alt=\"A melting glacier calving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-960x584.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-240x146.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-375x228.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A melting glacier calving. \u003ccite>(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ea-level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the expansion of seawater as it heats up and the added water volume from melting ice. Researchers focused on glacial melt in Greenland and Antarctica see the process as an action-packed cataclysm marked by heaving ice shelves collapsing into the sea and sheets of decaying ice sloughing off the end of a continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power unleashed by that tide of ice is awesome to contemplate. Water has always been one of the most destructive and transformative forces in nature. With warmer waters creating more energy that incubates more powerful storms, some see a near future in which seas assault our coast more frequently and with greater force. Exhibit A: California’s past winter, when repeated storms lashed the state, resulting in a preliminary price tag of $569 million and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/02/14/president-trump-approves-major-disaster-declaration-california\">federal disaster declaration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8KyRocF3RKw0FoMkxWYmIMHzH54c6CW7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists warn that intensified\u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11723/Leftover-warm-water-in-Pacific-Ocean-fueled-massive-El-Ni241o.aspx\"> El Nino \u003c/a>events, coupled with higher seas, will bring about unprecedented flooding. What civil engineers refer to as nuisance flooding — overwhelmed storm sewers and street flooding — is already more common. \u003ca href=\"http://california.kingtides.net/\">King Tides\u003c/a> are getting worse. Commuting times, the ability of first-responders to get to an accident scene, and the transportation of goods by road will be severely compromised, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That risk, too, can be observed at its point of origin. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains tide gauges that bob and float in U.S. waters, sentinels sending out a stream of data measuring current sea levels. The information feeds tidal forecasts used by surfers and mariners, and is also monitored by emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html\">tide and currents map\u003c/a> is both colorful and alarming. The maps depict the North American continent ringed by arrows pointing straight up, denoting trending rising sea levels, like pickets defending the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the coast is all-but defenseless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett Sanders, a civil and environmental engineer at UC Irvine, is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to help inform communities along the California and northern Mexican coast about the risk of rising waters. Most people are thrilled that they’ve managed to fulfill a dream of living near the beach, Sanders said, and are unaware of what they should do to protect themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have done a bad job of mapping flood risk. It’s awful,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the website that calculates residential real estate values, recently took its maps of coastal property and overlaid NOAA’s sea-level projections. Using what are now thought to be conservative projections, the company estimated 2 million coastal homes in the United States would be underwater by the end of the century. Not as in being upside down on a mortgage, but as in fish swimming through the den. The total value of those homes? Nearly $1 trillion, in California, $49 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow’s chief economist, Svenja Gudell, said she was surprised that when the company shared its\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-12890/\"> information\u003c/a> with mayors or city planners, officials saw it as an event that would take place far in the future. “For some of these places the time horizon is not 100 years, it’s happening now,” she said. “It’s not as top of mind as it should be or you would like it to be. People are underinsured when it comes to flood insurance. The system is broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gudell said that her research showed that homeowners living in high-risk areas are not getting market cues —real estate values in beach areas destroyed by Hurricane Sandy are now higher than before the superstorm that played out on national television in the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were not able to explain that rationally,” Gudell said. “We will see in the future, if you are on a cliff and that cliff is further eroding and if you put a piece of property on that land, it won’t be safe anymore. For now, the benefit of living in these homes clearly outweighs the current and future cost of living there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428176\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Eric Cheng/The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">National Flood Insurance Program\u003c/a>, a troubled and debt-ridden program operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The flood insurance covers millions of Americans living in flood zones, based on maps that are decades out of date. The program is currently $24 billion in debt and requires reauthorization from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the federal insurance say the rates don’t reflect current risks, leaving taxpayers on the hook for someone else’s folly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state Sen. Henry Stern represents a coastal district that includes Malibu and a string of state beaches. A lifelong surfer, he understands the attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so alluring,” he said of living by the beach. “But my whole thing is to make the market tell the truth about it. We know where sea level rise is going to happen. What I don’t want to happen is for all of us to bear the bill afterwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the horrific projections scientists have repeatedly shared about public health and safety associated with rising seas, it might be the economic cost that spurs action. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2961.epdf?referrer_access_token=cgJFXWlBrOrbB2rhtzQ-w9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NW5dzPCV1LQTM2JMQvXgeVn3tMRlxMKqplqdO2K8lMw-F6rujRXhG6lI8cdfGPsASvKqsv2kvbbX_NlaMAWQY4uy470S-qmZZAuPl9Bj3JzEiJ6pR7Mqt1NXJcMNys_U_M_ZuC\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Nature estimated the annual global cost for sea-level rise adaptation measures at about $421 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the study argue that the figure doesn’t take into account population growth and clustering around coasts. By the year 2100, the report warns, the price tag for mass relocations could exceed $14 trillion. Given California’s coastal population clusters — 75 percent of the state’s residents live in a coastal county — the figure here will be enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Ocean Protection Council receiving the new science report is a state agency whose mission, as its name implies, is to look after the welfare of California’s piece of the Pacific Ocean. It’s an almost laughably large responsibility, and one that the members approach thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report placed the scientific findings at the forefront, said Liz Whiteman, the science and strategy director for the Ocean Science Trust, which was a partner in the study. That means the analysis does not entertain the question of whether climate change is altering the behavior of the Pacific. Nor does it belabor stale arguments about how weather has always changed. It is, rather, an unsparing document that presents the best projections about the range of sea rise, and, for the first time, assigns a probability and risk to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a great place for being willing to call the hard question and not shying away,” Whiteman said. “There is no doubt that there is some scary information contained in a report looking at sea-level rise and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Cayan, one of seven scientists who contributed to the newest report, is a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, investigating how climate affects changes in oceans. Viewed from his office window in La Jolla, the Pacific Ocean appears benign and soothing. But a glimpse into the updated information he’s assembling paints a different, darker picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"anchor\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New data and more sophisticated modeling, he said, coupled with more extreme climate warming, “Is going to be pushing the amount of sea-level rise above what was thought to be reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border:0px;scrolling:no;width:100%;height:530px\" src=\"https://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html?utm_source=David%20Marks%20KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=SS2-Map#6/36.880/-119.443?show=satellite&projections=1-RCP85-SLR&level=10&unit=feet&pois=hide&contentTitle=Check%20sea%20level%20rise%20near%20your%20neighborhood\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing previous projections to current ones, he said, is no longer useful. “We’re actually off this scale,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan pulls out the 2012 report from the National Research Council, which is the basis for California’s current sea-level rise assumptions and the predicate for the state’s coastal policies. The mid-range of its projections envisions about 3 feet of rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he carefully takes out a sheet with the new data. Cayan points at the the elaborate graphs to the updated mid-range projection— 8½ feet. Cayan and his colleagues shrug off questions about how to apply their science—that’s the job of the politicians. But the report does counsel state officials to consider the worst-case scenario in their deliberations, and cautions: “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what now? California planners and policymakers will pore over the latest report. Their deliberations will result, at some point, in “updated guidance” to use the parlance of the bureaucracy. The final document will help local officials incorporate the sea-level rise projections into their future plans for building and safety, in some cases altering zoning and building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Greenland’s summer ice melt season begins, and the 2-mile deep ice sheet that was created in the last Ice Age continues to shrink. Researchers drilling ice cores have been astounded to find more and more streams of water rushing below the sheet—a river of water scything through ice. The proliferation of these ‘melt streams’ is leading scientists to consider that the loss of Greenland’s ice may be set on an unstoppable trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No longer a matter of if, but only of when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series: Next up — how is California planning for the seemingly inevitable. CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A knee-buckling new report warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.",
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"title": "Rising Seas Claiming California's Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined | KQED",
"description": "A knee-buckling new report warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> slow-moving emergency is lapping at California’s shores — climate-driven sea-level rise that experts now predict could elevate the water in coastal areas up to 10 feet in just 70 years, gobbling up beachfront and overwhelming low-lying cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed with which polar ice is melting and glacier shelves are cracking off indicates to some scientists that once-unthinkable outer-range projections of sea rise may turn out to be too conservative. A knee-buckling new \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science-1.pdf?x35230\">state-commissioned report\u003c/a> warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential result: crippled economies, compromised public safety, submerged infrastructure and a forced retreat from our iconic Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state has done more than California to curb greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and sea-level rise. But experts say that even if carbon reductions continue, residual warming of the ocean will continue unchecked, breeding surges that will impact the state’s coast and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\">estimated\u003c/a> that without concerted intervention, as much as 67 percent of Southern California’s beaches could be lost to rising seas by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consensus of scientific research makes catastrophic projections that, in the worst case, will be reality by the end of this century:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>International airports in San Francisco and Oakland will face flooding, rendering them unusable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Housing perched on fast-eroding coastal bluffs in Pacifica and elsewhere will continue to crash into the sea.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Malibu’s Broad Beach will dwindle into a seldom-seen slice of sand, its name an oxymoron.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the Delta will overwhelm rivers and strain levees critical to California’s water supply.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Power plants, nuclear waste sites and other sensitive waterside sites need to be fortified or will be lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roads, bridges and railways along the coast from Mendocino to San Diego will be abandoned and relocated inland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco’s Embarcadero and low-lying cities such as Huntington Beach will flood more frequently and more severely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 42,000 homes in California will be under water — not merely flooded, but with seawater over roofs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The grim outlook is mirrored in the latest report, which is being presented April 26 for adoption by the state’s Ocean Protection Council. Its sea-level rise projections will assist state agencies and local governments with planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No stretch of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/states/shorelines.pdf\">3,400 miles\u003c/a> of coast, bays, inlets and islands will be spared. Addressing sea-level rise will cost a staggering amount of public and private money, and will particularly impact the poor and vulnerable. The problem becomes more urgent with much of California’s wealth huddled along the coast, supporting an ocean-dependent $44 billion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, state and local officials may come to the gut-wrenching conclusion that some coastal land should be simply abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing well at all,” said Democratic Assemblyman Mark Stone, chairman of the Select Committee on Coastal Protection and Access to Natural Resources. “We have yet to really start to answer the hard questions and make policy — saying, ‘No, we are not going to put public money here.’ Eventually we should get to the point that we are not going to do any public investment in those places any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists tread lightly in the policy realm, providing the information for others to craft into regulations. Not Bill Patzert, who has for years sounded the alarm about rising oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not an existential threat. It’s real. It’s gonna happen,” said Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “Here’s the bigger issue: If you’re in the tunnel and you see the train coming at you, what do you do? Do you race towards it or do you back out? It’s just common sense. As a society, why aren’t we doing that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/regional-rs-opt.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>How high will it go? \u003ca href=\"#anchor\">Check sea level rise near your neighborhood\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists use maps such as this to help state and local officials plan for sea level rise and associated flooding. This interactive graphic shows potential flood zones with water up to 10 feet, the outer range of current projections. (Map by Climate Central)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>rom deep in the hive of large brains at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, set hard against the San Gabriel Mountains, an intense group of scientists from Caltech and the NASA are harnessing satellites that for decades have been peering into space and are now directing their gaze to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — with advanced degrees in physics, mathematics and oceanography — are engaged in what many consider to be the critical research of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are watching ice melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting alone in a cubicle, bathed in the glow of a computer screen or staring down the barrel of a telescope, can be a balm for scientists. Concerning themselves with one finite slice of a planet-wide catastrophe allows them to compartmentalize and disengage from the entire sobering picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even professional detachment fails against the unfolding horror show depicted in the cold display of satellite imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the process of watching the ice sheet in Greenland disappear,” said the lab’s oceanographer Josh Willis, who leads a team studying Greenland. “This is the first time humans have been able to measure it. The last time it was shrinking at this rate was tens of thousands of years ago.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/swHW80EWIk0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/swHW80EWIk0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The diminishment of Greenland’s ice mass has been accelerating alarmingly, losing a trillion tons in the last four years. The rapid melting is getting the attention of scientists because locked away in the Greenland ice sheet is the possibility to raise global sea levels by 24 feet. The Antarctic holds 187 feet of potential ice melt. Polar ice loss on that scale would have unfathomable consequences for continued life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis uses satellites to measure the warmth of the waters around Greenland. Because he has a sense of humor, his project is known to all as OMG: Oceans Melting Greenland. (He preferred calling it Water Temperature Fjords, but couldn’t get the acronym past government sensibilities.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As scientists, we’re witnessing these huge events, and it’s telling us how the Earth is changing,” Willis said. “Of course, I’m also a citizen, I live on this planet, and it is worrying that it’s happening. It’s sometimes profoundly shocking to wake up and realize we’re reshaping our entire planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>nderstanding the threat of sea-level rise in California depends to some extent on where you are standing: Boots in the dust of the Central Valley and you might curse the lateness of a rail shipment held up by flooding at the port of Oakland; bare feet in the sand at Huntington Beach and you may have to consider relocating your family, your home and all your possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some simple math: Every inch of sea-level rise equates to an 8- to 10-feet loss of beach. So, using the conservative projection of a 4-foot rise, and the lower-end 8-foot-per inch formula, that equates to 384 feet of coastal beach loss in the next 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10-foot rise scenario, which scientists peg as the new worst-case, would cause a land loss of 800 feet — the length of two-and-a-half football fields. The sea will not rise the same amount in every place; scientists say each discrete elevation is dependent on factors such as the shape of the sea floor and the slope of the landfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the scope of this coming catastrophe, it does not appear to be front-of-mind to many in the state. But that doesn’t mean it’s gone unstudied. California has a peerless capacity to turn over problems until they are smooth and shiny. Understanding comes first, with action often a distant and expensive second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tour through recent scientific analyses:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/the-impacts-of-sea-level-rise-on-the-california-coast/\">2009 report\u003c/a> on sea-level rise commissioned by the state paints worst-case scenarios that are the stuff of disaster movies: A half-million Californians at risk of flooding and more than $100 billion worth of infrastructure. More than two dozen coastal power plants flooded, along with hundreds of hazardous waste facilities, as well as schools, hospitals, police stations, ports and major airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/app/uploads/2013/02/sea_level_rise_sf_bay_cec3.pdf\">report\u003c/a> prepared for the California Energy Commission focused just on the San Francisco Bay and its 1,000 miles of shoreline, concluding: “Rising sea levels will overwhelm the existing protection structures, putting the 140,000 people currently living in vulnerable areas at increased risk.” The authors cautioned their findings did not reflect worst-case scenarios. And, if no action is taken to address the vulnerabilities, the risk projections should be considered “substantially low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Assembly weighed in with a \u003ca href=\"http://lafco.smcgov.org/sites/lafco.smcgov.org/files/documents/files/Select%20Committee%20Sea-Level%20Rise%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> in 2014, and the next year the Senate chimed in with its own \u003ca href=\"http://senv.senate.ca.gov/sites/senv.senate.ca.gov/files/Climate%20Change%20Adaptation_California%20State%20Senate_2015.pdf\">review\u003c/a>, amping it up a bit: “With current projections, rising seas combined with a 100-year flood event would close over 2,000 miles of roadway, the Oakland and San Francisco airports, and the Port of Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering fact of those state-of-the-art reports, recent though they are, is that they are already out of date and not nearly comprehensive enough in describing the scope of what currently faces California. Nor remotely scary enough. What scientists are observing now is, they say, a rapid and steep change that, even as it unfolds over comparatively long periods of time, is nonetheless occurring at a breathtaking pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg\" alt=\"A melting glacier calving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-960x584.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-240x146.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-375x228.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A melting glacier calving. \u003ccite>(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ea-level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the expansion of seawater as it heats up and the added water volume from melting ice. Researchers focused on glacial melt in Greenland and Antarctica see the process as an action-packed cataclysm marked by heaving ice shelves collapsing into the sea and sheets of decaying ice sloughing off the end of a continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power unleashed by that tide of ice is awesome to contemplate. Water has always been one of the most destructive and transformative forces in nature. With warmer waters creating more energy that incubates more powerful storms, some see a near future in which seas assault our coast more frequently and with greater force. Exhibit A: California’s past winter, when repeated storms lashed the state, resulting in a preliminary price tag of $569 million and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/02/14/president-trump-approves-major-disaster-declaration-california\">federal disaster declaration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists warn that intensified\u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11723/Leftover-warm-water-in-Pacific-Ocean-fueled-massive-El-Ni241o.aspx\"> El Nino \u003c/a>events, coupled with higher seas, will bring about unprecedented flooding. What civil engineers refer to as nuisance flooding — overwhelmed storm sewers and street flooding — is already more common. \u003ca href=\"http://california.kingtides.net/\">King Tides\u003c/a> are getting worse. Commuting times, the ability of first-responders to get to an accident scene, and the transportation of goods by road will be severely compromised, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That risk, too, can be observed at its point of origin. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains tide gauges that bob and float in U.S. waters, sentinels sending out a stream of data measuring current sea levels. The information feeds tidal forecasts used by surfers and mariners, and is also monitored by emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html\">tide and currents map\u003c/a> is both colorful and alarming. The maps depict the North American continent ringed by arrows pointing straight up, denoting trending rising sea levels, like pickets defending the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the coast is all-but defenseless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett Sanders, a civil and environmental engineer at UC Irvine, is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to help inform communities along the California and northern Mexican coast about the risk of rising waters. Most people are thrilled that they’ve managed to fulfill a dream of living near the beach, Sanders said, and are unaware of what they should do to protect themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have done a bad job of mapping flood risk. It’s awful,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the website that calculates residential real estate values, recently took its maps of coastal property and overlaid NOAA’s sea-level projections. Using what are now thought to be conservative projections, the company estimated 2 million coastal homes in the United States would be underwater by the end of the century. Not as in being upside down on a mortgage, but as in fish swimming through the den. The total value of those homes? Nearly $1 trillion, in California, $49 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow’s chief economist, Svenja Gudell, said she was surprised that when the company shared its\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-12890/\"> information\u003c/a> with mayors or city planners, officials saw it as an event that would take place far in the future. “For some of these places the time horizon is not 100 years, it’s happening now,” she said. “It’s not as top of mind as it should be or you would like it to be. People are underinsured when it comes to flood insurance. The system is broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gudell said that her research showed that homeowners living in high-risk areas are not getting market cues —real estate values in beach areas destroyed by Hurricane Sandy are now higher than before the superstorm that played out on national television in the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were not able to explain that rationally,” Gudell said. “We will see in the future, if you are on a cliff and that cliff is further eroding and if you put a piece of property on that land, it won’t be safe anymore. For now, the benefit of living in these homes clearly outweighs the current and future cost of living there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428176\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Eric Cheng/The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">National Flood Insurance Program\u003c/a>, a troubled and debt-ridden program operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The flood insurance covers millions of Americans living in flood zones, based on maps that are decades out of date. The program is currently $24 billion in debt and requires reauthorization from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the federal insurance say the rates don’t reflect current risks, leaving taxpayers on the hook for someone else’s folly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state Sen. Henry Stern represents a coastal district that includes Malibu and a string of state beaches. A lifelong surfer, he understands the attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so alluring,” he said of living by the beach. “But my whole thing is to make the market tell the truth about it. We know where sea level rise is going to happen. What I don’t want to happen is for all of us to bear the bill afterwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the horrific projections scientists have repeatedly shared about public health and safety associated with rising seas, it might be the economic cost that spurs action. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2961.epdf?referrer_access_token=cgJFXWlBrOrbB2rhtzQ-w9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NW5dzPCV1LQTM2JMQvXgeVn3tMRlxMKqplqdO2K8lMw-F6rujRXhG6lI8cdfGPsASvKqsv2kvbbX_NlaMAWQY4uy470S-qmZZAuPl9Bj3JzEiJ6pR7Mqt1NXJcMNys_U_M_ZuC\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Nature estimated the annual global cost for sea-level rise adaptation measures at about $421 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the study argue that the figure doesn’t take into account population growth and clustering around coasts. By the year 2100, the report warns, the price tag for mass relocations could exceed $14 trillion. Given California’s coastal population clusters — 75 percent of the state’s residents live in a coastal county — the figure here will be enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Ocean Protection Council receiving the new science report is a state agency whose mission, as its name implies, is to look after the welfare of California’s piece of the Pacific Ocean. It’s an almost laughably large responsibility, and one that the members approach thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report placed the scientific findings at the forefront, said Liz Whiteman, the science and strategy director for the Ocean Science Trust, which was a partner in the study. That means the analysis does not entertain the question of whether climate change is altering the behavior of the Pacific. Nor does it belabor stale arguments about how weather has always changed. It is, rather, an unsparing document that presents the best projections about the range of sea rise, and, for the first time, assigns a probability and risk to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a great place for being willing to call the hard question and not shying away,” Whiteman said. “There is no doubt that there is some scary information contained in a report looking at sea-level rise and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Cayan, one of seven scientists who contributed to the newest report, is a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, investigating how climate affects changes in oceans. Viewed from his office window in La Jolla, the Pacific Ocean appears benign and soothing. But a glimpse into the updated information he’s assembling paints a different, darker picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"anchor\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New data and more sophisticated modeling, he said, coupled with more extreme climate warming, “Is going to be pushing the amount of sea-level rise above what was thought to be reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border:0px;scrolling:no;width:100%;height:530px\" src=\"https://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html?utm_source=David%20Marks%20KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=SS2-Map#6/36.880/-119.443?show=satellite&projections=1-RCP85-SLR&level=10&unit=feet&pois=hide&contentTitle=Check%20sea%20level%20rise%20near%20your%20neighborhood\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing previous projections to current ones, he said, is no longer useful. “We’re actually off this scale,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan pulls out the 2012 report from the National Research Council, which is the basis for California’s current sea-level rise assumptions and the predicate for the state’s coastal policies. The mid-range of its projections envisions about 3 feet of rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he carefully takes out a sheet with the new data. Cayan points at the the elaborate graphs to the updated mid-range projection— 8½ feet. Cayan and his colleagues shrug off questions about how to apply their science—that’s the job of the politicians. But the report does counsel state officials to consider the worst-case scenario in their deliberations, and cautions: “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what now? California planners and policymakers will pore over the latest report. Their deliberations will result, at some point, in “updated guidance” to use the parlance of the bureaucracy. The final document will help local officials incorporate the sea-level rise projections into their future plans for building and safety, in some cases altering zoning and building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Greenland’s summer ice melt season begins, and the 2-mile deep ice sheet that was created in the last Ice Age continues to shrink. Researchers drilling ice cores have been astounded to find more and more streams of water rushing below the sheet—a river of water scything through ice. The proliferation of these ‘melt streams’ is leading scientists to consider that the loss of Greenland’s ice may be set on an unstoppable trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No longer a matter of if, but only of when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series: Next up — how is California planning for the seemingly inevitable. CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "May Day Organizers Call for 'A Day Without Immigrants'",
"title": "May Day Organizers Call for 'A Day Without Immigrants'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Labor and immigrant advocates are planning to mark May Day on Monday with walkouts and protests opposing the Trump administration's immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holiday, also called International Workers' Day, has become a day for action on behalf of undocumented workers in recent years. In San Francisco, participants will march from Justin Herman Plaza to the Civic Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 87 and the May 1st Coalition of San Francisco held a press conference Monday announcing their planned actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their coalition will lead a walkout to highlight the rights of immigrant workers, called \"Un Dia Sin Inmigrantes.\" In a press release, they demanded \"immediate comprehensive immigration reform,\" and called for an end to ICE raids and deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11425330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11425330 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra, who declined to give her last name, is a member of traditional dance troupe Xiuhcoatl Danza Azteca. They performed before a press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017 that was organized by members of the May 1st Coalition, who were announcing their participation in the upcoming May Day protest.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra, who declined to give her last name, is a member of traditional dance troupe Xiuhcoatl Danza Azteca. They performed before the May 1st Coalition's press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Olga Miranda, president of SEIU Local 87, invited local residents to join the demonstrations, but asked for calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ask everybody to wear white. We want to make sure that it's a day of peace and nonviolence in our respective communities,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Miranda said she hopes immigrants will be joined by U.S. citizens who support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stand up for the people who don't have their papers in order, but that have children that are waiting to become somebody great,\" she said, adding that immigrants \"are contributing to this country. They are not taking anybody’s jobs. In fact they are doing the jobs that nobody wants to do but everybody wants to be served on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11425334\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11425334 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sergio Estrella, a member of SEIU Local 87, held a banner during a press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. He appeared with members of the May 1st Coalition, who were announcing their participation in the upcoming May Day protest.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sergio Estrella, a member of SEIU Local 87, held a banner that said \"Off your laptops & onto the streets\" in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miranda also believes that the Trump administration is creating an atmosphere of hatred, and it is important for citizens to come out in solidarity. She hopes the May Day march will be an opportunity for immigrants and their families to unify: \"We are trying to demonstrate that we will not be pushed into fear, and that we are standing together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations and work stoppages are also planned in Oakland, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Concord.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/marianaurbannew\">Mariana Urban\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto\">Bert Johnson\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Labor and immigrant advocates are planning to mark May Day on Monday with walkouts and protests opposing the Trump administration's immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holiday, also called International Workers' Day, has become a day for action on behalf of undocumented workers in recent years. In San Francisco, participants will march from Justin Herman Plaza to the Civic Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 87 and the May 1st Coalition of San Francisco held a press conference Monday announcing their planned actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their coalition will lead a walkout to highlight the rights of immigrant workers, called \"Un Dia Sin Inmigrantes.\" In a press release, they demanded \"immediate comprehensive immigration reform,\" and called for an end to ICE raids and deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11425330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11425330 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra, who declined to give her last name, is a member of traditional dance troupe Xiuhcoatl Danza Azteca. They performed before a press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017 that was organized by members of the May 1st Coalition, who were announcing their participation in the upcoming May Day protest.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25032_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra, who declined to give her last name, is a member of traditional dance troupe Xiuhcoatl Danza Azteca. They performed before the May 1st Coalition's press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Olga Miranda, president of SEIU Local 87, invited local residents to join the demonstrations, but asked for calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ask everybody to wear white. We want to make sure that it's a day of peace and nonviolence in our respective communities,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Miranda said she hopes immigrants will be joined by U.S. citizens who support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stand up for the people who don't have their papers in order, but that have children that are waiting to become somebody great,\" she said, adding that immigrants \"are contributing to this country. They are not taking anybody’s jobs. In fact they are doing the jobs that nobody wants to do but everybody wants to be served on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11425334\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11425334 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sergio Estrella, a member of SEIU Local 87, held a banner during a press conference in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. He appeared with members of the May 1st Coalition, who were announcing their participation in the upcoming May Day protest.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS25030_20170424_May1presser_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sergio Estrella, a member of SEIU Local 87, held a banner that said \"Off your laptops & onto the streets\" in front of San Francisco City Hall on April 24, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miranda also believes that the Trump administration is creating an atmosphere of hatred, and it is important for citizens to come out in solidarity. She hopes the May Day march will be an opportunity for immigrants and their families to unify: \"We are trying to demonstrate that we will not be pushed into fear, and that we are standing together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations and work stoppages are also planned in Oakland, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Concord.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Evidence Puts Ancient Humans in California Far Earlier Than Thought",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers in Southern California say they've uncovered evidence that humans lived there 130,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it's true, it would be the oldest sign of humans in the Americas ever — predating the best evidence up to now by about 115,000 years. And the claim has scientists wondering whether to believe it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, archaeologists working a highway construction site in San Diego County found the partial skeleton of a mastodon, an elephant-like animal now extinct. Mastodon skeletons aren't so unusual, but there was other strange stuff with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remains were in association with a number of sharply broken rocks and broken bones,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdnhm.org/consulting-services/paleo-services/about-us/staff/\">Tom Deméré\u003c/a>, a paleontologist at the San Diego Natural History Museum. He says the rocks showed clear marks of having been used as hammers and an anvil. And some of the mastodon bones as well as a tooth showed fractures characteristic of being whacked, apparently with those stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like the work of humans. Yet there were no cut marks on the bones showing that the animal was butchered for meat. Deméré thinks these people were after something else. \"The suggestion is that this site is strictly for breaking bone,\" Deméré says, \"to produce blank material, raw material to make bone tools or to extract marrow.\" Marrow is a rich source of fatty calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11427986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/excavation-site-1_enl-fa3d58b167fbe1047c597ffcc3239d174efa35bc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11427986\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment. \u003ccite>(San Diego Natural History Museum/Nature)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scientists knew they'd uncovered something rare. But they didn't realize just how rare for years, until they got a reliable date on how old the bones were by using a uranium-thorium dating technology that didn't exist in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones were 130,000 years old. That's a jaw-dropping date, as other evidence shows that the earliest humans got to the Americas about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is an order of magnitude difference. Wow,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonybrook.edu/experts/profile.php?name=john-shea\">John Shea\u003c/a>, an archaeologist at New York's Stony Brook University who specializes in studying ancient tool-making. \"If it's correct, then there's an extraordinarily ancient dispersal to the New World that has a very different archaeological signature from anything left behind by recent humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shea says it's different because Stone Age toolmakers usually leave behind stone flakes — sharp pieces broken or \"knapped\" from certain kinds of rock that serve as cutting implements. There were none at the California site. Another odd thing: no signs that the mastodon was butchered for the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is weird,\" Shea says. \"It's an outlier in terms of what archaeological sites from that time range look like everywhere else on the planet.\" He suggests these bones might have been broken up by natural causes — by a mudflow, perhaps, or by the trampling of animals sometime after the mastodon died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another skeptic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/scarab.page\">John McNabb\u003c/a>, an archeologist at the University of Southampton in England. His question: How did those people get to California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty thousand years ago, archaeologists agree, people \u003cem>did\u003c/em> cross over to Alaska from Siberia, perhaps more than once. Sea levels were lower then and there was a land bridge connecting the continents. In an interview with the journal Nature, which \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature22065\">published the California research\u003c/a>, McNabb says that land bridge wasn't there 130,000 years ago. \"The sea lane in between the two continents [was] wider [then],\" he says, \"so that's one problem with this, how do we get humans across?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyfSsgCrjb0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNabb says what's needed to really prove that this is truly an archaeological site are bones from the people who got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California team counters that they've spent over 20 years examining the evidence. Team member and archaeologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.capr.tdcart.com/\">Steve Holen\u003c/a> is with the Center for American Paleolithic Research. \"I know people will be skeptical with this because it is so surprising,\" he says, \"and I was skeptical when I first looked at the material myself. But it's definitely an archaeological site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holen says these early people could have come across in boats. As for the broken bones, he says the type of fracture isn't accidental. And the way the hammerstones and bones were distributed in the ground doesn't look natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question the team can't answer is who these people were. A genetic technique that uses mutations in a population's genome as a sort of \"clock\" says the first common ancestor of Native Americans lived about 20,000 years ago. So if there were indeed earlier settlers, it could be they made an arduous migration from Siberia, only to die out without leaving any descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Evidence+Suggests+Humans+Arrived+In+The+Americas+Far+Earlier+Than+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers in Southern California say they've uncovered evidence that humans lived there 130,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it's true, it would be the oldest sign of humans in the Americas ever — predating the best evidence up to now by about 115,000 years. And the claim has scientists wondering whether to believe it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, archaeologists working a highway construction site in San Diego County found the partial skeleton of a mastodon, an elephant-like animal now extinct. Mastodon skeletons aren't so unusual, but there was other strange stuff with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remains were in association with a number of sharply broken rocks and broken bones,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdnhm.org/consulting-services/paleo-services/about-us/staff/\">Tom Deméré\u003c/a>, a paleontologist at the San Diego Natural History Museum. He says the rocks showed clear marks of having been used as hammers and an anvil. And some of the mastodon bones as well as a tooth showed fractures characteristic of being whacked, apparently with those stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like the work of humans. Yet there were no cut marks on the bones showing that the animal was butchered for meat. Deméré thinks these people were after something else. \"The suggestion is that this site is strictly for breaking bone,\" Deméré says, \"to produce blank material, raw material to make bone tools or to extract marrow.\" Marrow is a rich source of fatty calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11427986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/excavation-site-1_enl-fa3d58b167fbe1047c597ffcc3239d174efa35bc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11427986\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment. \u003ccite>(San Diego Natural History Museum/Nature)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scientists knew they'd uncovered something rare. But they didn't realize just how rare for years, until they got a reliable date on how old the bones were by using a uranium-thorium dating technology that didn't exist in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones were 130,000 years old. That's a jaw-dropping date, as other evidence shows that the earliest humans got to the Americas about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is an order of magnitude difference. Wow,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonybrook.edu/experts/profile.php?name=john-shea\">John Shea\u003c/a>, an archaeologist at New York's Stony Brook University who specializes in studying ancient tool-making. \"If it's correct, then there's an extraordinarily ancient dispersal to the New World that has a very different archaeological signature from anything left behind by recent humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shea says it's different because Stone Age toolmakers usually leave behind stone flakes — sharp pieces broken or \"knapped\" from certain kinds of rock that serve as cutting implements. There were none at the California site. Another odd thing: no signs that the mastodon was butchered for the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is weird,\" Shea says. \"It's an outlier in terms of what archaeological sites from that time range look like everywhere else on the planet.\" He suggests these bones might have been broken up by natural causes — by a mudflow, perhaps, or by the trampling of animals sometime after the mastodon died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another skeptic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/scarab.page\">John McNabb\u003c/a>, an archeologist at the University of Southampton in England. His question: How did those people get to California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty thousand years ago, archaeologists agree, people \u003cem>did\u003c/em> cross over to Alaska from Siberia, perhaps more than once. Sea levels were lower then and there was a land bridge connecting the continents. In an interview with the journal Nature, which \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature22065\">published the California research\u003c/a>, McNabb says that land bridge wasn't there 130,000 years ago. \"The sea lane in between the two continents [was] wider [then],\" he says, \"so that's one problem with this, how do we get humans across?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HyfSsgCrjb0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HyfSsgCrjb0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>McNabb says what's needed to really prove that this is truly an archaeological site are bones from the people who got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California team counters that they've spent over 20 years examining the evidence. Team member and archaeologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.capr.tdcart.com/\">Steve Holen\u003c/a> is with the Center for American Paleolithic Research. \"I know people will be skeptical with this because it is so surprising,\" he says, \"and I was skeptical when I first looked at the material myself. But it's definitely an archaeological site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holen says these early people could have come across in boats. As for the broken bones, he says the type of fracture isn't accidental. And the way the hammerstones and bones were distributed in the ground doesn't look natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question the team can't answer is who these people were. A genetic technique that uses mutations in a population's genome as a sort of \"clock\" says the first common ancestor of Native Americans lived about 20,000 years ago. So if there were indeed earlier settlers, it could be they made an arduous migration from Siberia, only to die out without leaving any descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Evidence+Suggests+Humans+Arrived+In+The+Americas+Far+Earlier+Than+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Coulter, the controversial conservative commentator who was invited by a UC Berkeley student group to speak on campus, said Wednesday that her speech had been called off. She blamed the university administration for her cancellation, but the university denied any role in the event being scrapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing seems clear: Coulter won’t be speaking on Thursday, the day the talk was planned for, at the campus that is home to the Free Speech Movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sickening when a radical thuggish institution like Berkeley can so easily snuff out the cherished American right to free speech,” Coulter said on Twitter. “I’m very sad about Berkeley's cancelation (sic), but my sadness is greater than that. It is a dark day for free speech in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cancellation of Coulter’s speech came after much back-and-forth between campus officials, the groups sponsoring the event, and the commentator herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said last week it was canceling the event, citing safety concerns. On Thursday, campus police Captain Alex Yao said they’d received specific, credible threats related to the talk and were concerned about safety after a series of violent clashes this year on campus and in downtown Berkeley between far-right and far-left protesters -- including a riot at Cal before a scheduled Feb. 1 talk by right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos, which ended up being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university then backtracked and offered an alternate date of May 2 to Coulter and the groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/20/524830514/ann-coulter-vows-to-speak-at-uc-berkeley-despite-planned-speech-cancellation\">collaborating on the event\u003c/a> -- the Berkeley College Republicans, Young America’s Foundation (which describes itself as the principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridgeusa.org/\">BridgeUSA\u003c/a> (a nonprofit group that says it wants to provide “open and welcoming forum for frank and rational political discourse” on college campuses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter and the College Republicans rejected the date change, noting, among other things, that it would be during the week before final exams when students would not be in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley College Republicans President Troy Worden \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/KQEDnews/videos/1431448356929557/\">said Wednesday during a press conference\u003c/a> that his group had decided to back out of sponsoring the speech. He blamed the university, saying it refused to provide adequate security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can't have Ms. Coulter speak here without being able to guarantee the safety of the attendees, then that is a move we cannot take,” Worden said. “In effect, our free speech has been stifled because the university has decided not to assist us in making sure the event can occur successfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, Young America’s Foundation also said the university hadn’t met its demands to ensure the safety of students and those involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Berkeley made it impossible to hold a lecture due to the lack of assurances for protections from foreseeable violence from unrestrained leftist agitators,\" YAF said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.yaf.org/news/statement-young-americas-foundations-april-27-lecture-uc-berkeley/\">statement\u003c/a> posted to its Facebook page. \"Ms. Coulter may still choose to speak in some form on campus, but Young America’s Foundation will not jeopardize the safety of its staff or students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials, however, said they’d done their best to accommodate the talk, noting that they'd only found out in late March about it. Venues are normally booked months in advance for guest speakers, said UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted Ms. Coulter to come to this campus. We believe it is important that our students are exposed to a broad diversity of opinion,” he said at a press conference. \"Everything we have done to date has been about supporting and facilitating\" the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rejected assertions that administration officials weren’t being helpful because of Coulter’s politics: \"This is the home of the Free Speech Movement. That legacy would be destroyed if we were to pick and choose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the cancellation, Yao said campus police were still preparing for potential protests on Thursday, including what he described as “riot-like” scenarios. He said there would be an increased presence of law enforcement on campus to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going ahead, though, will be a federal lawsuit filed by the Berkeley College Republicans against the university, saying it was discriminating against conservative speakers and violating students’ rights to free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their attorney, Harmeet Dhillon, said they wanted to ensure access to free speech and that the university wasn’t applying “unequal rules” to groups or individuals seeking to speak on campus. The lawsuit is \"way beyond one speech or one speaker,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The cancellation of Coulter’s speech came after much back-and-forth between all parties over ensuring safety at the event.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Coulter, the controversial conservative commentator who was invited by a UC Berkeley student group to speak on campus, said Wednesday that her speech had been called off. She blamed the university administration for her cancellation, but the university denied any role in the event being scrapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing seems clear: Coulter won’t be speaking on Thursday, the day the talk was planned for, at the campus that is home to the Free Speech Movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sickening when a radical thuggish institution like Berkeley can so easily snuff out the cherished American right to free speech,” Coulter said on Twitter. “I’m very sad about Berkeley's cancelation (sic), but my sadness is greater than that. It is a dark day for free speech in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cancellation of Coulter’s speech came after much back-and-forth between campus officials, the groups sponsoring the event, and the commentator herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university said last week it was canceling the event, citing safety concerns. On Thursday, campus police Captain Alex Yao said they’d received specific, credible threats related to the talk and were concerned about safety after a series of violent clashes this year on campus and in downtown Berkeley between far-right and far-left protesters -- including a riot at Cal before a scheduled Feb. 1 talk by right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos, which ended up being canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university then backtracked and offered an alternate date of May 2 to Coulter and the groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/20/524830514/ann-coulter-vows-to-speak-at-uc-berkeley-despite-planned-speech-cancellation\">collaborating on the event\u003c/a> -- the Berkeley College Republicans, Young America’s Foundation (which describes itself as the principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridgeusa.org/\">BridgeUSA\u003c/a> (a nonprofit group that says it wants to provide “open and welcoming forum for frank and rational political discourse” on college campuses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter and the College Republicans rejected the date change, noting, among other things, that it would be during the week before final exams when students would not be in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley College Republicans President Troy Worden \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/KQEDnews/videos/1431448356929557/\">said Wednesday during a press conference\u003c/a> that his group had decided to back out of sponsoring the speech. He blamed the university, saying it refused to provide adequate security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can't have Ms. Coulter speak here without being able to guarantee the safety of the attendees, then that is a move we cannot take,” Worden said. “In effect, our free speech has been stifled because the university has decided not to assist us in making sure the event can occur successfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, Young America’s Foundation also said the university hadn’t met its demands to ensure the safety of students and those involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Berkeley made it impossible to hold a lecture due to the lack of assurances for protections from foreseeable violence from unrestrained leftist agitators,\" YAF said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.yaf.org/news/statement-young-americas-foundations-april-27-lecture-uc-berkeley/\">statement\u003c/a> posted to its Facebook page. \"Ms. Coulter may still choose to speak in some form on campus, but Young America’s Foundation will not jeopardize the safety of its staff or students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials, however, said they’d done their best to accommodate the talk, noting that they'd only found out in late March about it. Venues are normally booked months in advance for guest speakers, said UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted Ms. Coulter to come to this campus. We believe it is important that our students are exposed to a broad diversity of opinion,” he said at a press conference. \"Everything we have done to date has been about supporting and facilitating\" the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rejected assertions that administration officials weren’t being helpful because of Coulter’s politics: \"This is the home of the Free Speech Movement. That legacy would be destroyed if we were to pick and choose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the cancellation, Yao said campus police were still preparing for potential protests on Thursday, including what he described as “riot-like” scenarios. He said there would be an increased presence of law enforcement on campus to ensure safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going ahead, though, will be a federal lawsuit filed by the Berkeley College Republicans against the university, saying it was discriminating against conservative speakers and violating students’ rights to free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their attorney, Harmeet Dhillon, said they wanted to ensure access to free speech and that the university wasn’t applying “unequal rules” to groups or individuals seeking to speak on campus. The lawsuit is \"way beyond one speech or one speaker,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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