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"content": "\u003ch3>\u003cem>An alleged killer is now in custody. But critics say the familial DNA testing that helped track him down allows for searches of innocent people who happen to be related to someone suspected of committing a crime or otherwise provided their DNA for inclusion in a database.\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the main investigators who helped capture Joseph DeAngelo, the alleged California serial rapist and killer, says his team used a public DNA matching website to track DeAngelo down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site allows users who have DNA profiles from commercial companies such as Ancestry.com and 23andMe to expand their search for relatives.Lead investigator Paul Holes tells the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/26/ancestry-23andme-deny-assisting-law-enforcement-in-east-area-rapist-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> that one of his team's biggest tools in catching DeAngelo, who eluded law enforcement for four decades, was GEDMatch, a free, Florida-based site that pools DNA profiles that people upload and share publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major companies, such as 23andMe and Ancestry, do not allow law enforcement to access their genetic data unless they get a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holes says officials did not need a court order to access GEDMatch's large database of genetic blueprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy concerns have been raised over investigators' use of a genealogical website to find DeAngelo, who was arrested Tuesday. 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Typically with the method, investigators search law enforcement databases to identify likely relatives of the person who may have committed the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say that familial DNA testing allows for searches of innocent people who happen to be related to someone suspected of committing a crime or otherwise provided their DNA for inclusion in a database. Law enforcement officials have argued the technique can provide investigators with valuable leads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, California became the first state in the country to authorize the testing. It since has been used in at least eight other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method led to the arrest of Lonnie Franklin Jr. in the Los Angeles \"Grim Sleeper\" serial killings from 1985 to 2007. Los Angeles County sheriff's officials also used it last year to solve the decades-old killing of the ex-wife of Righteous Brothers singer Bill Medley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DeAngelo Arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph James DeAngelo, 72, was arrested Tuesday. After investigators matched crime-scene \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7621f268d720428e87eaacf73b2f7d3b/A-look-at-DNA-testing-that-ID%27d-a-suspected-serial-killer\">DNA\u003c/a> with a relative, they narrowed it down to the Sacramento-area grandfather using DNA obtained from material he'd discarded, Sacramento County District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA potentially may have played an earlier role in the case. It was just coming into use as a criminal investigative tool in 1986 when the predator variously known as the East Area Rapist and the Golden State Killer apparently ended his decade-long wave of attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo, a former police officer, probably would have known about the new method, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew police techniques,\" said John Jay College of Criminal Justice professor Louis Schlesinger. \"He was smart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one who knew DeAngelo over the decades connected him with the string of at least a dozen murders, 50 rapes and dozens of burglaries from 1976 to 1986 throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was identified as the suspect, however, prosecutors rushed to charge him with eight killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, police in the central California farming town of Visalia said Thursday that DeAngelo is a suspect in a 13th killing and about 100 burglaries in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, of community college teacher Claude Snelling was shot while trying to stop a masked intruder from kidnapping his 16-year-old daughter from his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators lacked DNA evidence so Snelling's death and the burglaries weren't included in the tally of Golden State Killer crimes but fingerprints and shoe tracks will be reviewed for matches to DeAngelo, Visalia Police Chief Jason Salazar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators searched DeAngelo's home on Thursday, looking for class rings, earrings, dishes and other items that were taken from crime scenes as well as weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, DeAngelo's neighbors, relatives and former acquaintances all say they had no inkling that he could be a serial killer. He worked nearly three decades in a Sacramento-area supermarket warehouse as a truck mechanic, retiring last year. As a neighbor, he was known for taking meticulous care of his lawn in suburban Citrus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo worked as a police officer in the farming town of Exeter, not far from Visalia, from 1973 to 1976.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo was a \"black sheep\" who didn't joke around with other officers, said Farrel Ward, 75, who served on the force with DeAngelo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward said it's possible that DeAngelo helped with the search for Snelling's killer and the elusive burglar but he doesn't recall DeAngelo directly investigating the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been thinking, but there's no indication whatsoever that anything was wrong,\" Ward said. \"How could you just go out and kill somebody and go back and go to work? I don't understand that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, DeAngelo joined the Auburn Police Department outside of Sacramento but was fired in 1979 after he was caught shoplifting a hammer and dog repellent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say they have linked DeAngelo to 11 killings that occurred after he was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Huddle said he always hoped police would catch the killer whose attacks prompted him to buy a pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was stunned to find out the man arrested was DeAngelo, his former brother-in-law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huddle said it was \"still just going crazy in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of the main investigators who helped capture Joseph DeAngelo, an alleged California serial rapist and killer, says his team used a free DNA matching website to track DeAngelo down.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cem>An alleged killer is now in custody. But critics say the familial DNA testing that helped track him down allows for searches of innocent people who happen to be related to someone suspected of committing a crime or otherwise provided their DNA for inclusion in a database.\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the main investigators who helped capture Joseph DeAngelo, the alleged California serial rapist and killer, says his team used a public DNA matching website to track DeAngelo down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site allows users who have DNA profiles from commercial companies such as Ancestry.com and 23andMe to expand their search for relatives.Lead investigator Paul Holes tells the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/26/ancestry-23andme-deny-assisting-law-enforcement-in-east-area-rapist-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> that one of his team's biggest tools in catching DeAngelo, who eluded law enforcement for four decades, was GEDMatch, a free, Florida-based site that pools DNA profiles that people upload and share publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major companies, such as 23andMe and Ancestry, do not allow law enforcement to access their genetic data unless they get a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holes says officials did not need a court order to access GEDMatch's large database of genetic blueprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy concerns have been raised over investigators' use of a genealogical website to find DeAngelo, who was arrested Tuesday. Investigators say they matched crime-scene DNA using genetic material stored by a distant relative on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say it's an innovative technique that broke open the long-cold case of the Golden State Killer, who slew at least a dozen people and raped 50 women from 1976 to 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Steve Mercer of the Maryland public defender's office says it pinpoints a problem: There aren't strong privacy laws to keep police from trolling such databases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercer says right now, people who submit DNA to be tested to find their ancestors can unwittingly become \"genetic informants\" on family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People who submit DNA for ancestors testing are unwittingly becoming genetic informants on their innocent family,\" Mercer said, adding that they \"have fewer privacy protections than convicted offenders whose DNA is contained in regulated databanks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique that investigators used is known as familial DNA testing, and it has previously raised ethical issues in the forensics community. Typically with the method, investigators search law enforcement databases to identify likely relatives of the person who may have committed the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say that familial DNA testing allows for searches of innocent people who happen to be related to someone suspected of committing a crime or otherwise provided their DNA for inclusion in a database. Law enforcement officials have argued the technique can provide investigators with valuable leads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, California became the first state in the country to authorize the testing. It since has been used in at least eight other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method led to the arrest of Lonnie Franklin Jr. in the Los Angeles \"Grim Sleeper\" serial killings from 1985 to 2007. Los Angeles County sheriff's officials also used it last year to solve the decades-old killing of the ex-wife of Righteous Brothers singer Bill Medley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DeAngelo Arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph James DeAngelo, 72, was arrested Tuesday. After investigators matched crime-scene \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7621f268d720428e87eaacf73b2f7d3b/A-look-at-DNA-testing-that-ID%27d-a-suspected-serial-killer\">DNA\u003c/a> with a relative, they narrowed it down to the Sacramento-area grandfather using DNA obtained from material he'd discarded, Sacramento County District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA potentially may have played an earlier role in the case. It was just coming into use as a criminal investigative tool in 1986 when the predator variously known as the East Area Rapist and the Golden State Killer apparently ended his decade-long wave of attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo, a former police officer, probably would have known about the new method, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He knew police techniques,\" said John Jay College of Criminal Justice professor Louis Schlesinger. \"He was smart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one who knew DeAngelo over the decades connected him with the string of at least a dozen murders, 50 rapes and dozens of burglaries from 1976 to 1986 throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was identified as the suspect, however, prosecutors rushed to charge him with eight killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, police in the central California farming town of Visalia said Thursday that DeAngelo is a suspect in a 13th killing and about 100 burglaries in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, of community college teacher Claude Snelling was shot while trying to stop a masked intruder from kidnapping his 16-year-old daughter from his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators lacked DNA evidence so Snelling's death and the burglaries weren't included in the tally of Golden State Killer crimes but fingerprints and shoe tracks will be reviewed for matches to DeAngelo, Visalia Police Chief Jason Salazar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators searched DeAngelo's home on Thursday, looking for class rings, earrings, dishes and other items that were taken from crime scenes as well as weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, DeAngelo's neighbors, relatives and former acquaintances all say they had no inkling that he could be a serial killer. He worked nearly three decades in a Sacramento-area supermarket warehouse as a truck mechanic, retiring last year. As a neighbor, he was known for taking meticulous care of his lawn in suburban Citrus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo worked as a police officer in the farming town of Exeter, not far from Visalia, from 1973 to 1976.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo was a \"black sheep\" who didn't joke around with other officers, said Farrel Ward, 75, who served on the force with DeAngelo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward said it's possible that DeAngelo helped with the search for Snelling's killer and the elusive burglar but he doesn't recall DeAngelo directly investigating the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been thinking, but there's no indication whatsoever that anything was wrong,\" Ward said. \"How could you just go out and kill somebody and go back and go to work? I don't understand that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, DeAngelo joined the Auburn Police Department outside of Sacramento but was fired in 1979 after he was caught shoplifting a hammer and dog repellent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say they have linked DeAngelo to 11 killings that occurred after he was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Huddle said he always hoped police would catch the killer whose attacks prompted him to buy a pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was stunned to find out the man arrested was DeAngelo, his former brother-in-law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>How does Facebook decide to remove a post for hate speech or bullying? What about a photo that shows a woman’s breasts? Now, for the first time, we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has published \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its internal guidelines\u003c/a> for flagging and removing content. This comes a little more than a week before F8, the company’s annual developers conference. The tone at the event could be markedly different this year given \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the recent scandal\u003c/a> over how the company collects, handles and monetizes user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been criticized for years about how it censors content and for a lack of transparency into the process. Critics point out that there are hate groups with pages that haven’t been shut down, while at the same time something like a post of artwork showing naked breasts might gets pulled. For example, a famous, nude painting of Bea Arthur of the Golden Girls. \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2325628/Naked-Golden-Girl-Bea-Arthur-painting-sells-nearly-2m.html\" target='\"_blank' rel=\"noopener\">It made the news\u003c/a> when it was sold, but posts about it on Facebook were flagged and taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jillian York said she was one of those who posted about this painting and then had the post removed, which is ironic. York is director of International Freedom of Expression at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EFF has battled against censorship online since the early days of user-run, internet forums. York said back then the idea was that users could self-police and self-regulate their content, and that these small forums should be places for uncensored expression. But the internet has changed a lot since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is not a small forum run by its users. It’s one of a few corporations that have increasingly monopolized the internet, York said. The website is filled with all kinds of content posted by all kinds of people, many of whom are antagonizing each other, she added. Like at any large media company, she said, it makes sense that some dangerous content should be moderated or regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s tricky, York said. Here’s an example. Take the word “dyke.” It’s a slur, yet it has also been reclaimed and used in a positive way by some of those it is used against. The advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-stop-discriminating-against-lesbians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listening 2 Lesbians\u003c/a> criticized Facebook for censoring the word and taking down posts of those using it positively. York said Facebook said it’s trying to address the nuances in situations like this, but still, York said posts using the term “dyke” in a positive way still get taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook just made public how it makes decisions in cases like this. In a 27-page webpost about its “Community Standards,” Facebook lays out what you can and cannot put on the site. Facebook is also going to now let users appeal when a post is taken down. The guidelines cover everything from animal cruelty and nudity to false information, which the company admits in the guidelines is a “challenging issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transparency advocates applaud Facebook’s move, but some, like Benjamin Decker a research fellow with the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, worry that disclosing the guidelines will help people find ways around the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It literally gives a playbook for the purveyors of disinformation and fake news on how to survive on the platform,” Decker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It literally gives a playbook for the purveyors of disinformation and fake news on how to survive on the platform.’ \u003ccite>Benjamin Decker, Shorenstein Center research fellow\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here is the rationale Facebook gave for making its internal guidelines public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided to publish these internal guidelines for two reasons. First, the guidelines will help people understand where we draw the line on nuanced issues. Second, providing these details makes it easier for everyone, including experts in different fields, to give us feedback so that we can improve the guidelines – and the decisions we make – over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules laid out in the 27 pages are detailed, but Santa Clara University law professor Eric Goldman said they show how the decision of what to censor is, in the end, subjective and therefore arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single element of Facebook’s content moderation guidelines had some place where we as lawyers could start litigating over what that meant and how that would be applied to specific facts,” Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it bullying or a joke between friends? Art or porn? Facebook explains that artificial intelligence and computer analysis assists in determining potentially problematic posts. But at the end of the day, it is humans who decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has hired a whole team of “content moderators” to review and censor what is posted on the site. Goldman says the guidelines and human curation show how Facebook, like Twitter, is not a neutral platform featuring third-party content, but a media company that makes conscious editorial decisions about what content can be on the site, how it is packaged and what gets prioritized\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘At some point I don’t think there’s any positioning Facebook can take other than it is a media company with editorial standards.’ \u003ccite>Eric Goldman\u003cbr>\nSanta Clara University law professor \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Goldman said reading Facebook’s guidelines feels like reading the editorial guidelines at a media organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point I don’t think there’s any positioning Facebook can take other than it is a media company with editorial standards that it tries to apply consistent with its editorial discretion,” Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike a media company, Facebook is not liable for what users post, no matter how much they curate the content. This is thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_230_of_the_Communications_Decency_Act\" target='\"_blank' rel=\"noopener\">a law put on the books\u003c/a> in 1996 that absolves websites of liability over any content posted by third-party users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Facebook is now facing enough pressure from its users that it has hired 7,500 people to review content. Goldman said that number is definitely going to grow as Facebook tries to police the posts uploaded by its more than 2 billion users.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How does Facebook decide to remove a post for hate speech or bullying? What about a photo that shows a woman’s breasts? Now, for the first time, we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has published \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its internal guidelines\u003c/a> for flagging and removing content. This comes a little more than a week before F8, the company’s annual developers conference. The tone at the event could be markedly different this year given \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the recent scandal\u003c/a> over how the company collects, handles and monetizes user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been criticized for years about how it censors content and for a lack of transparency into the process. Critics point out that there are hate groups with pages that haven’t been shut down, while at the same time something like a post of artwork showing naked breasts might gets pulled. For example, a famous, nude painting of Bea Arthur of the Golden Girls. \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2325628/Naked-Golden-Girl-Bea-Arthur-painting-sells-nearly-2m.html\" target='\"_blank' rel=\"noopener\">It made the news\u003c/a> when it was sold, but posts about it on Facebook were flagged and taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jillian York said she was one of those who posted about this painting and then had the post removed, which is ironic. York is director of International Freedom of Expression at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EFF has battled against censorship online since the early days of user-run, internet forums. York said back then the idea was that users could self-police and self-regulate their content, and that these small forums should be places for uncensored expression. But the internet has changed a lot since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is not a small forum run by its users. It’s one of a few corporations that have increasingly monopolized the internet, York said. The website is filled with all kinds of content posted by all kinds of people, many of whom are antagonizing each other, she added. Like at any large media company, she said, it makes sense that some dangerous content should be moderated or regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s tricky, York said. Here’s an example. Take the word “dyke.” It’s a slur, yet it has also been reclaimed and used in a positive way by some of those it is used against. The advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-stop-discriminating-against-lesbians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listening 2 Lesbians\u003c/a> criticized Facebook for censoring the word and taking down posts of those using it positively. York said Facebook said it’s trying to address the nuances in situations like this, but still, York said posts using the term “dyke” in a positive way still get taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook just made public how it makes decisions in cases like this. In a 27-page webpost about its “Community Standards,” Facebook lays out what you can and cannot put on the site. Facebook is also going to now let users appeal when a post is taken down. The guidelines cover everything from animal cruelty and nudity to false information, which the company admits in the guidelines is a “challenging issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transparency advocates applaud Facebook’s move, but some, like Benjamin Decker a research fellow with the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, worry that disclosing the guidelines will help people find ways around the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It literally gives a playbook for the purveyors of disinformation and fake news on how to survive on the platform,” Decker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It literally gives a playbook for the purveyors of disinformation and fake news on how to survive on the platform.’ \u003ccite>Benjamin Decker, Shorenstein Center research fellow\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here is the rationale Facebook gave for making its internal guidelines public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided to publish these internal guidelines for two reasons. First, the guidelines will help people understand where we draw the line on nuanced issues. Second, providing these details makes it easier for everyone, including experts in different fields, to give us feedback so that we can improve the guidelines – and the decisions we make – over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules laid out in the 27 pages are detailed, but Santa Clara University law professor Eric Goldman said they show how the decision of what to censor is, in the end, subjective and therefore arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single element of Facebook’s content moderation guidelines had some place where we as lawyers could start litigating over what that meant and how that would be applied to specific facts,” Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it bullying or a joke between friends? Art or porn? Facebook explains that artificial intelligence and computer analysis assists in determining potentially problematic posts. But at the end of the day, it is humans who decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has hired a whole team of “content moderators” to review and censor what is posted on the site. Goldman says the guidelines and human curation show how Facebook, like Twitter, is not a neutral platform featuring third-party content, but a media company that makes conscious editorial decisions about what content can be on the site, how it is packaged and what gets prioritized\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘At some point I don’t think there’s any positioning Facebook can take other than it is a media company with editorial standards.’ \u003ccite>Eric Goldman\u003cbr>\nSanta Clara University law professor \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Goldman said reading Facebook’s guidelines feels like reading the editorial guidelines at a media organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point I don’t think there’s any positioning Facebook can take other than it is a media company with editorial standards that it tries to apply consistent with its editorial discretion,” Goldman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike a media company, Facebook is not liable for what users post, no matter how much they curate the content. This is thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_230_of_the_Communications_Decency_Act\" target='\"_blank' rel=\"noopener\">a law put on the books\u003c/a> in 1996 that absolves websites of liability over any content posted by third-party users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Facebook is now facing enough pressure from its users that it has hired 7,500 people to review content. Goldman said that number is definitely going to grow as Facebook tries to police the posts uploaded by its more than 2 billion users.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bird Pushes Back Against S.F. Proposal to Limit Scooter Fleets",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 2 p.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco transportation officials have unveiled the outlines of their plan to regulate electric stand-up rental scooters -- and gotten immediate pushback from the biggest of the scooter firms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/04/4-25-18_emsc_item_8_pilot_scooter_share_program_permit_slide_presentation.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a presentation\u003c/a> to a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency committee on Wednesday, agency staff said they contemplated a 24-month pilot project in which the city would permit as many as five companies to operate up to 500 scooters each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird, one of the three companies that began operating the rental scooters in San Francisco last month, immediately challenged the proposed cap on scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that a firm cap of 500 scooters per company is something that's arbitrary and doesn't take into account demand that's already been shown,\" said David Estrada, chief legal officer and head of government relations at Bird. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the company considers the current SFMTA proposal -- which could be submitted for approval by the agency's board next week -- to be \"a draft for discussion.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird said Wednesday that as of last week it already was operating 1,614 scooters in the city. The company says that in its first 30 days of operation, it recorded 95,418 trips by 32,211 individual riders covering 143,725 miles -- an average of about a mile and a half per ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a little context, Bird's ridership in its first 30 days averaged about 3,200 trips a day -- and close to 5,000 a day by last week. San Francisco transportation officials estimated the number of daily trips in the city by all modes last year at 4.1 million. That estimate includes 1.6 million trips a day by private cars, including 155,000 by Uber and Lyft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird and its current scooter competitors in the city -- Spin and LimeBike -- all say their vehicles could be an important part of reducing traffic congestion and helping San Francisco realize its long-term goals of dramatically reducing car trips and greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird says it wants the city to adopt what it calls \"dynamic caps\" for scooter fleets -- essentially by letting companies determine the number of vehicles they deploy by user demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would look at how much the users are using each vehicle,\" Estrada said. \"The way we think is the right way to do it is to cap the supply such that you don't add more supply unless your fleet of scooters is being utilized on average three rides per day per scooter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A LimeBike spokesman said the firm will issue a response to the SFMTA proposal on Friday. Spin said it's reviewing the proposal and \"deferring to SFMTA.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation and permit process is the city's response to complaints that arose after the three companies launched the mini-vehicles without notice last month. Complaints have centered on users riding illegally on sidewalks and haphazardly parked scooters obstructing sidewalks. The city's Public Works agency says it has seized about 350 improperly parked scooters over the last 10 days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Attorney Dennis Herrera last week sent Spin, Bird and LimeBike cease-and-desist letters, and the firms face a deadline next Monday to file reports on what they're doing to end careless and/or illegal behavior by riders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three companies have vowed to act on the problems the city has raised. Bird's Estrada said concerns about sidewalk-riding and sloppy parking can be addressed through public safety and rider education campaigns -- while still allowing large numbers of scooters to be deployed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that is solvable,\" Estrada said. \"The way we're not going to solve it is if we simply and reflexively cap the number of vehicles. All that's going to do is slow down something that's shown a lot of promise for taking cars off the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA's Jamie Parks told a Board of Supervisors hearing last week that one of the agency's main goals in developing regulations was to understand how the scooters are being used -- whether, for instance, they're actually replacing trips taken by Uber and Lyft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish that, the SFMTA's proposed permit rules for the 24-month pilot would require companies to share detailed data about how and when the scooters are used. The agency would also require the companies to have fare plans for low-income riders and adopt policies on user education privacy of user data. The firms would also need agree to operate in approved service areas and provide proof of insurance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks said in an email Wednesday that the proposed cap of 500 scooters per permit -- a total of 2,500 citywide --could be raised if the 24-month pilot proves successful. The SFMTA estimates that a total of 2,000 to 2,500 scooters from the three firms are currently on the street. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 2 p.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco transportation officials have unveiled the outlines of their plan to regulate electric stand-up rental scooters -- and gotten immediate pushback from the biggest of the scooter firms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/04/4-25-18_emsc_item_8_pilot_scooter_share_program_permit_slide_presentation.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a presentation\u003c/a> to a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency committee on Wednesday, agency staff said they contemplated a 24-month pilot project in which the city would permit as many as five companies to operate up to 500 scooters each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird, one of the three companies that began operating the rental scooters in San Francisco last month, immediately challenged the proposed cap on scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that a firm cap of 500 scooters per company is something that's arbitrary and doesn't take into account demand that's already been shown,\" said David Estrada, chief legal officer and head of government relations at Bird. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the company considers the current SFMTA proposal -- which could be submitted for approval by the agency's board next week -- to be \"a draft for discussion.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird said Wednesday that as of last week it already was operating 1,614 scooters in the city. The company says that in its first 30 days of operation, it recorded 95,418 trips by 32,211 individual riders covering 143,725 miles -- an average of about a mile and a half per ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a little context, Bird's ridership in its first 30 days averaged about 3,200 trips a day -- and close to 5,000 a day by last week. San Francisco transportation officials estimated the number of daily trips in the city by all modes last year at 4.1 million. That estimate includes 1.6 million trips a day by private cars, including 155,000 by Uber and Lyft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird and its current scooter competitors in the city -- Spin and LimeBike -- all say their vehicles could be an important part of reducing traffic congestion and helping San Francisco realize its long-term goals of dramatically reducing car trips and greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird says it wants the city to adopt what it calls \"dynamic caps\" for scooter fleets -- essentially by letting companies determine the number of vehicles they deploy by user demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would look at how much the users are using each vehicle,\" Estrada said. \"The way we think is the right way to do it is to cap the supply such that you don't add more supply unless your fleet of scooters is being utilized on average three rides per day per scooter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A LimeBike spokesman said the firm will issue a response to the SFMTA proposal on Friday. Spin said it's reviewing the proposal and \"deferring to SFMTA.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation and permit process is the city's response to complaints that arose after the three companies launched the mini-vehicles without notice last month. Complaints have centered on users riding illegally on sidewalks and haphazardly parked scooters obstructing sidewalks. The city's Public Works agency says it has seized about 350 improperly parked scooters over the last 10 days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Attorney Dennis Herrera last week sent Spin, Bird and LimeBike cease-and-desist letters, and the firms face a deadline next Monday to file reports on what they're doing to end careless and/or illegal behavior by riders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three companies have vowed to act on the problems the city has raised. Bird's Estrada said concerns about sidewalk-riding and sloppy parking can be addressed through public safety and rider education campaigns -- while still allowing large numbers of scooters to be deployed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that is solvable,\" Estrada said. \"The way we're not going to solve it is if we simply and reflexively cap the number of vehicles. All that's going to do is slow down something that's shown a lot of promise for taking cars off the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA's Jamie Parks told a Board of Supervisors hearing last week that one of the agency's main goals in developing regulations was to understand how the scooters are being used -- whether, for instance, they're actually replacing trips taken by Uber and Lyft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish that, the SFMTA's proposed permit rules for the 24-month pilot would require companies to share detailed data about how and when the scooters are used. The agency would also require the companies to have fare plans for low-income riders and adopt policies on user education privacy of user data. The firms would also need agree to operate in approved service areas and provide proof of insurance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks said in an email Wednesday that the proposed cap of 500 scooters per permit -- a total of 2,500 citywide --could be raised if the 24-month pilot proves successful. The SFMTA estimates that a total of 2,000 to 2,500 scooters from the three firms are currently on the street. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11664465/san-joaquin-county-sheriff-stripped-of-role-in-death-investigations\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Joaquin County Sheriff Stripped of Role in Death Investigations\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County Sheriff-Coroner Steve Moore is being stripped of his role in death investigations. County supervisors will establish a medical examiner’s office headed by a licensed forensic pathologist.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11664390/time-to-end-the-medical-marijuana-drug-test-oakland-lawmaker-pushes-for-new-state-law\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Assemblyman's Bill Would Provide Workplace Protections for Medical Cannabis Users\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When cannabis was made legal in California, managers and their employees raised an important question: Can people still be fired for failing a drug test? The answer is yes, but one state lawmaker wants to curb that practice, by proposing a bill that would make it illegal to fire someone or deny employment based on a drug test that turns up positive for medical marijuana.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Allen Young\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Facebook Discloses How Censorship Decisions are Made\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How does Facebook decide to remove a post for hate speech or bullying? What about a photo that shows a woman’s breast? Now, for the first time, we know.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Leandro High School Students Discuss Masculinity and Gender Norms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As part of KQED's Youth Takeover project, we talk with San Leandro High School students about their project on masculinity.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: John Sepulvado\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook announced changes to its content review policy Tuesday, adding an appeals process for removed content and releasing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards#attacks-on-public-figures\">internal guidelines\u003c/a> it relies on to make content determinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the social media giant has listed a set of publicly available community standards for several years, the latest update includes the more detailed guidelines that content reviewers use internally when deciding whether to allow or remove posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The updated \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/04/comprehensive-community-standards/\">appeals process \u003c/a>will allow posters of removed photos, videos or posts to contest determinations they feel were wrongly made. Previously, appeals of community standards determinations were allowed only when a Facebook page, group or profile was removed entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been hesitant to reveal details of its content review policy in the past. But the company says Tuesday's announcement is part of its promise to \"do better\" and be more transparent about how it decides what stays up and what gets taken down. The changes come just weeks after CEO Mark Zuckerberg was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/10/601268117/facebook-founder-and-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-testifies-on-capitol-hill\">grilled on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> about Facebook's alleged censorship of conservative viewpoints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg was asked by multiple lawmakers during his marathon testimony about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/15/602494594/facebook-admits-enforcement-error-in-how-it-handled-content-from-pro-trump-duo\">\"Diamond and Silk,\"\u003c/a> two pro-Trump commentators who claim Facebook intentionally limited their presence on the site because of their political views. Zuckerberg apologized, calling the situation an \"enforcement error\" on Facebook's part, but the controversy raised questions about what type of content Facebook restricts and how it makes those decisions. Diamond and Silk are themselves set to \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/full-committee-hearing-filtering-practices-of-social-media-platforms/\">testify before Congress\u003c/a> later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Granular Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The newly released standards are a stark departure from Facebook's prior guidance, which had been crafted to express the company's values and priorities in a way that did not overwhelm readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've always had a set of community standards that the public can see,\" Facebook Vice President Monika Bickert told NPR's Steve Inskeep, \"but now we're actually explaining how we define those terms for our review teams and how we enforce those policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new explanations are nothing if not comprehensive. They detail dozens of reasons posts can be removed and read more like the product of a team of lawyers than the words of an upstart tech company. The standards outline methods for categorizing content and provide specific definitions for terms like \"hate speech,\" \"terrorism\" and \"threats of violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People define those things in different ways,\" Bickert said, \"and people who are using Facebook want to know how we define it and I think that's fair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/605107093/605176194\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some objectionable content is classified into tiers, with Facebook's response matching the severity of the violation. Other content is removed if it satisfies multiple conditions in a point-like system. A threat of violence, for example, can be deemed \"credible\" and removed if it provides a target and \"two or more of the following: location, timing, method.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, other standards target particular categories of offensive posts. Content that \"promotes, encourages, coordinates, or provides instructions\" for eating disorders or self-harm are specifically mentioned. And under its \"harassment\" section, Facebook says it will not tolerate claims that survivors of traumatic events are \"paid or employed to mislead people about their role in the event.\" Other standards prohibit advertising drugs, revealing the identities of undercover law enforcement officers, and depicting graphic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Context Matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to judging content, though, context is crucial. Facebook has been criticized in the past for its blundering approach to community moderation. In 2016, for example, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">reversed its decision\u003c/a> to remove a post containing the Pulitzer-winning \"napalm girl\" photo, which depicted a nude and burned child in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bickert says that example proves that exceptions are needed for newsworthy and culturally significant content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated standards now list some exceptions for depictions of adult nudity, including \"acts of protests,\" \"breast-feeding\" and \"post-mastectomy scarring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, questions remain over Facebook's content moderation program. Despite Zuckerberg's stated desire to use artificial intelligence to flag offensive content, the process remains very human. According to Bickert, the company has over 7,500 moderators who are stationed around the globe and work 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But conversations with those moderators paint a much bleaker image of Facebook's processes than the one Bickert provides. In 2016, NPR's Aarti Shahani \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/17/495827410/from-hate-speech-to-fake-news-the-content-crisis-facing-mark-zuckerberg\">detailed a workforce\u003c/a> comprised primarily of subcontractors who are stationed in distant countries and asked to review large quantities of posts every shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hard to imagine how someone located thousands of miles away, who grew up in a different culture, and who is under immense pressure to review as many posts as possible, might mess up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Appeal of Appeals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook is seeking to address that problem with its new appeals system. Now, if your post is removed for \"nudity, sexual activity, hate speech, or violence\" you will be presented with a chance to request a review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook promises that appeals will be reviewed within 24 hours by its Community Operations team. But it remains unclear what relationship the team has with Facebook and with its first-line reviewers. If appeals are reviewed under the same conditions that initial content decisions are made, the process may be nothing more than an empty gesture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook points out that the content review and appeals process is just one way to clean up your experience on the site. Users have the ability to unilaterally block, unfollow, or hide posts or posters they don't want to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the social media giant, it's a question of balance. Balance between free speech and user safety. Balance between curbing \"fake news\" and encouraging open political discourse. And balance between Facebook's obligation to serve as a steward of a welcoming environment and the realities of running a for-profit, publicly owned corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do try to allow as much speech as possible,\" Bickert said, \"and we know sometimes that might make people uncomfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says that Tuesday's announcements are just one step in a continuous process of improvement and adjustment to its standards and policies. How much of an improvement this step represents remains to be seen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook announced changes to its content review policy Tuesday, adding an appeals process for removed content and releasing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards#attacks-on-public-figures\">internal guidelines\u003c/a> it relies on to make content determinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the social media giant has listed a set of publicly available community standards for several years, the latest update includes the more detailed guidelines that content reviewers use internally when deciding whether to allow or remove posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The updated \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/04/comprehensive-community-standards/\">appeals process \u003c/a>will allow posters of removed photos, videos or posts to contest determinations they feel were wrongly made. Previously, appeals of community standards determinations were allowed only when a Facebook page, group or profile was removed entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been hesitant to reveal details of its content review policy in the past. But the company says Tuesday's announcement is part of its promise to \"do better\" and be more transparent about how it decides what stays up and what gets taken down. The changes come just weeks after CEO Mark Zuckerberg was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/10/601268117/facebook-founder-and-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-testifies-on-capitol-hill\">grilled on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> about Facebook's alleged censorship of conservative viewpoints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg was asked by multiple lawmakers during his marathon testimony about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/15/602494594/facebook-admits-enforcement-error-in-how-it-handled-content-from-pro-trump-duo\">\"Diamond and Silk,\"\u003c/a> two pro-Trump commentators who claim Facebook intentionally limited their presence on the site because of their political views. Zuckerberg apologized, calling the situation an \"enforcement error\" on Facebook's part, but the controversy raised questions about what type of content Facebook restricts and how it makes those decisions. Diamond and Silk are themselves set to \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/full-committee-hearing-filtering-practices-of-social-media-platforms/\">testify before Congress\u003c/a> later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Granular Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The newly released standards are a stark departure from Facebook's prior guidance, which had been crafted to express the company's values and priorities in a way that did not overwhelm readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've always had a set of community standards that the public can see,\" Facebook Vice President Monika Bickert told NPR's Steve Inskeep, \"but now we're actually explaining how we define those terms for our review teams and how we enforce those policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new explanations are nothing if not comprehensive. They detail dozens of reasons posts can be removed and read more like the product of a team of lawyers than the words of an upstart tech company. The standards outline methods for categorizing content and provide specific definitions for terms like \"hate speech,\" \"terrorism\" and \"threats of violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People define those things in different ways,\" Bickert said, \"and people who are using Facebook want to know how we define it and I think that's fair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/605107093/605176194\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some objectionable content is classified into tiers, with Facebook's response matching the severity of the violation. Other content is removed if it satisfies multiple conditions in a point-like system. A threat of violence, for example, can be deemed \"credible\" and removed if it provides a target and \"two or more of the following: location, timing, method.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, other standards target particular categories of offensive posts. Content that \"promotes, encourages, coordinates, or provides instructions\" for eating disorders or self-harm are specifically mentioned. And under its \"harassment\" section, Facebook says it will not tolerate claims that survivors of traumatic events are \"paid or employed to mislead people about their role in the event.\" Other standards prohibit advertising drugs, revealing the identities of undercover law enforcement officers, and depicting graphic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Context Matters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to judging content, though, context is crucial. Facebook has been criticized in the past for its blundering approach to community moderation. In 2016, for example, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">reversed its decision\u003c/a> to remove a post containing the Pulitzer-winning \"napalm girl\" photo, which depicted a nude and burned child in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bickert says that example proves that exceptions are needed for newsworthy and culturally significant content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's updated standards now list some exceptions for depictions of adult nudity, including \"acts of protests,\" \"breast-feeding\" and \"post-mastectomy scarring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, questions remain over Facebook's content moderation program. Despite Zuckerberg's stated desire to use artificial intelligence to flag offensive content, the process remains very human. According to Bickert, the company has over 7,500 moderators who are stationed around the globe and work 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But conversations with those moderators paint a much bleaker image of Facebook's processes than the one Bickert provides. In 2016, NPR's Aarti Shahani \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/17/495827410/from-hate-speech-to-fake-news-the-content-crisis-facing-mark-zuckerberg\">detailed a workforce\u003c/a> comprised primarily of subcontractors who are stationed in distant countries and asked to review large quantities of posts every shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hard to imagine how someone located thousands of miles away, who grew up in a different culture, and who is under immense pressure to review as many posts as possible, might mess up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Appeal of Appeals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook is seeking to address that problem with its new appeals system. Now, if your post is removed for \"nudity, sexual activity, hate speech, or violence\" you will be presented with a chance to request a review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook promises that appeals will be reviewed within 24 hours by its Community Operations team. But it remains unclear what relationship the team has with Facebook and with its first-line reviewers. If appeals are reviewed under the same conditions that initial content decisions are made, the process may be nothing more than an empty gesture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook points out that the content review and appeals process is just one way to clean up your experience on the site. Users have the ability to unilaterally block, unfollow, or hide posts or posters they don't want to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the social media giant, it's a question of balance. Balance between free speech and user safety. Balance between curbing \"fake news\" and encouraging open political discourse. And balance between Facebook's obligation to serve as a steward of a welcoming environment and the realities of running a for-profit, publicly owned corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do try to allow as much speech as possible,\" Bickert said, \"and we know sometimes that might make people uncomfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says that Tuesday's announcements are just one step in a continuous process of improvement and adjustment to its standards and policies. How much of an improvement this step represents remains to be seen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Digital Self-Harm: When Teens Cyberbully Themselves",
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"content": "\u003cp>During the stressful teen years, most adolescents experience emotional highs and lows, but for more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.nami.org/learn-more/mental-health-by-the-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 percent\u003c/a> of teenagers, their worries and sad feelings turn into something more serious, like anxiety or depression. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that 13 percent to 18 percent of distressed teens physically injure themselves via cutting, burning or other forms of self-harm as a way to cope with their pain.[contextly_sidebar id=”DrtrOIrhwdXvJWg13P3oHysKbwZZeMlt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research and clinical psychologists now suggest that some adolescents are engaging in a newer form of self-aggression — \u003ca href=\"http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30313-0/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital self-harm\u003c/a>. They’re anonymously posting mean and derogatory comments about themselves on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://denverchildtherapy.com/about-us/sheryl-ziegler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sheryl Gonzalez-Ziegler\u003c/a> of Denver says it’s a growing problem among teens whom she counsels. One recent client, an adolescent girl, told Gonzalez-Ziegler that she anonymously cyberbullied herself because, as a gay teen, she felt vulnerable and exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She set up ghost accounts on Instagram and posted mean comments about herself, saying things like, ‘I think you’re creepy and gay’ and ‘Don’t sit next to me again,’ ” Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said these things because she feared being mocked by her peers,” the psychologist explains. “She thought their teasing wouldn’t be so bad if she beat them to the punch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a survey \u003ca href=\"http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30313-0/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> late last year in the \u003cem>Journal of Adolescent Health\u003c/em>, teens are bullying themselves online as a way to manage feelings of sadness and self-hatred and to gain attention from their friends. For the study, 5,593 middle and high school students from across the U.S., ages 12 to 17, completed a series of questionnaires that asked about their experiences with digital self-harm and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HCX9vH8V4cXCVb46T0BO94RkguEqSp86″]”We were alarmed to learn that 6 percent of the youth who participated in our study engaged in some form of digital self-harm,” says \u003ca href=\"http://hinduja.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sameer Hinduja\u003c/a>, co-author of the study and a professor of criminology at Florida Atlantic University. He is also the co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cyberbullying.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyberbullying Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinduja and a colleague found that more than half the teens who cyberbullied themselves had done so more than once. When asked why they had participated in this behavior, the teens said things like, “I already felt bad about myself, and I wanted to make myself feel worse” and “I wanted to see if someone was really my friend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists have seen inklings of this type of self-aggression before. In a smaller, \u003ca href=\"https://webhost.bridgew.edu/marc/DIGITAL%20SELF%20HARM%20report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2012\u003c/a> study of 617 high school freshmen, researchers found that 9 percent of the teens had bullied themselves online. Teens who participated in that study reported harming themselves as a way to encourage others to worry about them, to prove how “tough” they were or to get an adult’s attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”4WLViXQpKTG5m375AY6olZ1s9VjHu8hm”]”Because teens’ online and offline worlds overlap, digital self-harm is a concern for some youth, making online self-harm an emerging area of research,” says, \u003ca href=\"https://cehs.unl.edu/edpsych/faculty/susan-swearer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Swearer\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln who also studies bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistical analysis\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of more than a decade’s worth of emergency room visits in the U.S. suggests that since 2009, the number of girls ages 10 to 14 years who are physically harming themselves has been rising steadily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/07-08/who-self-injures.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Psychological Association\u003c/a>, teens who physically injure themselves often struggle with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or difficulties with emotional regulation. Not all adolescents who cyberbully themselves have a psychiatric illness, Ziegler notes, but that doesn’t mean their behavior should be taken lightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to teens who self-harm by cutting, kids who cyberbully themselves often suffer silently, feeling like they don’t have a friend or adult to confide in,” says Ziegler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these teens don’t receive mental health treatment, she says, their feelings of loneliness and sadness can cause them to become depressed and, in rare cases, suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the advent of social media has changed the way many teens form and experience relationships, normal adolescent feelings of insecurity, anxiety and loneliness can become magnified as they scroll through their peers’ social media reels. Hinduja says some teens cope with that distress by turning their angst on themselves online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some parents are quick to limit a teen’s social media use in response, that doesn’t adequately address the problem, Hinduja says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the best thing parents can do is to promote open, nonjudgmental lines of communication with their kids,” he says. “Validating a teen’s experience can encourage them to confide in adults about their distressing experiences — offline or online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Teens+Cyberbully+Themselves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>During the stressful teen years, most adolescents experience emotional highs and lows, but for more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.nami.org/learn-more/mental-health-by-the-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 percent\u003c/a> of teenagers, their worries and sad feelings turn into something more serious, like anxiety or depression. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that 13 percent to 18 percent of distressed teens physically injure themselves via cutting, burning or other forms of self-harm as a way to cope with their pain.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research and clinical psychologists now suggest that some adolescents are engaging in a newer form of self-aggression — \u003ca href=\"http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30313-0/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital self-harm\u003c/a>. They’re anonymously posting mean and derogatory comments about themselves on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://denverchildtherapy.com/about-us/sheryl-ziegler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sheryl Gonzalez-Ziegler\u003c/a> of Denver says it’s a growing problem among teens whom she counsels. One recent client, an adolescent girl, told Gonzalez-Ziegler that she anonymously cyberbullied herself because, as a gay teen, she felt vulnerable and exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She set up ghost accounts on Instagram and posted mean comments about herself, saying things like, ‘I think you’re creepy and gay’ and ‘Don’t sit next to me again,’ ” Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said these things because she feared being mocked by her peers,” the psychologist explains. “She thought their teasing wouldn’t be so bad if she beat them to the punch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a survey \u003ca href=\"http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30313-0/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> late last year in the \u003cem>Journal of Adolescent Health\u003c/em>, teens are bullying themselves online as a way to manage feelings of sadness and self-hatred and to gain attention from their friends. For the study, 5,593 middle and high school students from across the U.S., ages 12 to 17, completed a series of questionnaires that asked about their experiences with digital self-harm and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”We were alarmed to learn that 6 percent of the youth who participated in our study engaged in some form of digital self-harm,” says \u003ca href=\"http://hinduja.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sameer Hinduja\u003c/a>, co-author of the study and a professor of criminology at Florida Atlantic University. He is also the co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cyberbullying.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyberbullying Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinduja and a colleague found that more than half the teens who cyberbullied themselves had done so more than once. When asked why they had participated in this behavior, the teens said things like, “I already felt bad about myself, and I wanted to make myself feel worse” and “I wanted to see if someone was really my friend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists have seen inklings of this type of self-aggression before. In a smaller, \u003ca href=\"https://webhost.bridgew.edu/marc/DIGITAL%20SELF%20HARM%20report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2012\u003c/a> study of 617 high school freshmen, researchers found that 9 percent of the teens had bullied themselves online. Teens who participated in that study reported harming themselves as a way to encourage others to worry about them, to prove how “tough” they were or to get an adult’s attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”Because teens’ online and offline worlds overlap, digital self-harm is a concern for some youth, making online self-harm an emerging area of research,” says, \u003ca href=\"https://cehs.unl.edu/edpsych/faculty/susan-swearer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Swearer\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln who also studies bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistical analysis\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of more than a decade’s worth of emergency room visits in the U.S. suggests that since 2009, the number of girls ages 10 to 14 years who are physically harming themselves has been rising steadily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/07-08/who-self-injures.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Psychological Association\u003c/a>, teens who physically injure themselves often struggle with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or difficulties with emotional regulation. Not all adolescents who cyberbully themselves have a psychiatric illness, Ziegler notes, but that doesn’t mean their behavior should be taken lightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to teens who self-harm by cutting, kids who cyberbully themselves often suffer silently, feeling like they don’t have a friend or adult to confide in,” says Ziegler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If these teens don’t receive mental health treatment, she says, their feelings of loneliness and sadness can cause them to become depressed and, in rare cases, suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the advent of social media has changed the way many teens form and experience relationships, normal adolescent feelings of insecurity, anxiety and loneliness can become magnified as they scroll through their peers’ social media reels. Hinduja says some teens cope with that distress by turning their angst on themselves online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some parents are quick to limit a teen’s social media use in response, that doesn’t adequately address the problem, Hinduja says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the best thing parents can do is to promote open, nonjudgmental lines of communication with their kids,” he says. “Validating a teen’s experience can encourage them to confide in adults about their distressing experiences — offline or online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Teens+Cyberbully+Themselves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Techno-utopianism, an ideology based on the premise that advances in science and technology will eventually bring about a utopia, has been a part of Silicon Valley’s DNA since the hippies from the LSD-fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/acid-tests-turn-50-wavy-gravy-merry-prankster-ken-babbs-look-back-20151130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acid Test\u003c/a> days got into computers and online networking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford professor Fred Turner has dedicated \u003ca href=\"http://fredturner.stanford.edu/books/from-counterculture-to-cyberculture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a whole book\u003c/a> to tracing how the area’s pro-technology ideology grew out of the counterculture and back-to-the-land movements of the late 1960s. Since then, internet companies have benefited from a belief that technological advancements are inherently positive for society, and that technology is neither good nor bad, just a tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, some of those who have worked in the tech industry are challenging this idea and criticizing the tools they helped create. Former Google ethicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.tristanharris.com/essays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tristan Harris\u003c/a> and technology pioneers like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/12/jaron-lanier-book-dawn-new-everything-interview-virtual-reality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jaron Lanier\u003c/a> are calling attention to problems like social media echo chambers, digital addiction, personal data collection and the spread of false information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillaume Chaslot is one of the latest former employees speaking out. Chaslot began working for YouTube in 2010. These days, he says he’s trying to help people understand how the website recommends videos. Chaslot claims the site’s algorithm often ends up promoting videos filled with falsities and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bug in the System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663601\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11663601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillaume Chaslot used to work on YouTube’s recommendation algorithm. Now he’s trying to show the public how that algorithm works. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before becoming a programmer, Chaslot studied physics. In college he decided to switch to computer science, believing the advances in artificial intelligence could have positive impacts on humanity\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went into computer science and did a Ph.D. on the most complex topic I could find,” he says. “Which was the game of Go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, Chaslot says, computers were not sophisticated enough to master the Asian board game. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/computer-beats-go-champion-for-first-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">computers can crush\u003c/a> even the best human opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaslot graduated and got a job at YouTube. In 2010, he began working on algorithms that recommended videos, and at first the experience, he says, was great. He was paid well and worked alongside very smart co-workers. But he also noticed something deeply unsettling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform YouTube was, Chaslot found, filled with videos that supported theories about everything from the earth being flat to vaccines causing illness. Not only was the website a home for this kind of content, Chaslot said, but the algorithms he was working on and the advertising model driving those algorithms were actually promoting the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was an awakening for Chaslot. He began to feel the collective brain power he was attracted to at YouTube was being used to contribute to the proliferation of flat-earth and anti-vaccine videos. So he decided to work on ways to solve the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very optimistic,” Chaslot says. “I was like, ‘I am just going to propose solutions.’ They would see they could work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he told his manager that he wanted to develop algorithms that shook people out of filter bubbles and echo chambers of misinformation. But Chaslot says his manager told him it wasn’t a good idea to work on that. He decided to pursue the project anyway. Shortly after that, Chaslot says, he was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In Search of Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Chaslot was fired, he did some work for some smaller tech companies, but he couldn’t let the issue at YouTube go. So he eventually started \u003ca href=\"https://algotransparency.org/?candidat=is%20the%20earth%20flat%20or%20round?&file=ytrecos-science-2018-04-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AlgoTransparency\u003c/a>. It’s a website that shows people what videos Youtube’s algorithms recommend most often. It has sections dedicated to topics like mass shootings, elections and science — topics that Chaslot says often have problematic videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his analysis, “Is the earth flat or round?” is one of the searches \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyAh9OENJPU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most favored by the recommendation algorithm. \u003c/a>Chaslot said he thinks these kinds of conspiracy videos resonate with some people because they feel like they are using YouTube to access some secret truth the powers-that-be aren’t disclosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think that everybody else is lying, you are going to spend all your time on YouTube,” he says. “For the algorithm it’s a super-cool win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending so much time on YouTube is a win for the company, Chaslot says. The more time you spend on the platform, the more advertising revenue is made for the site and those who create the videos — some of whom may not even believe what they’re making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the incentive is not to produce better-quality content, content that will help people,” Chaslot says, “but content that will help them spend more time online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rewiring the Algorithm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A YouTube spokesperson says the recommendation algorithm has changed since Chaslot left. Now it’s less about maximizing the time people spend on the platform, and instead focuses on how “satisfied” people are by measuring a range of things, including likes, dislikes and shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For viewers, though, it’s still a mystery. Chaslot says they don’t know how YouTube analyzes their behavior and uses their behavior to target advertising and content. Chaslot wants to make the inner workings more transparent to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Working on Youtube’s algorithm, I realized there are a lot of things that people don’t understand about artificial intelligence,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI is all over the internet, Chaslot says, influencing your behavior, manipulating you in ways you don’t realize. It’s dictating everything from the posts you see on Facebook and Twitter to the videos recommended on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaslot is now preparing to analyze videos uploaded around the midterm elections, when YouTube is bound to be filled with political propaganda, videos smearing candidates and all manner of narrators spreading dubious “facts.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Techno-utopianism, an ideology based on the premise that advances in science and technology will eventually bring about a utopia, has been a part of Silicon Valley’s DNA since the hippies from the LSD-fueled \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/acid-tests-turn-50-wavy-gravy-merry-prankster-ken-babbs-look-back-20151130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acid Test\u003c/a> days got into computers and online networking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford professor Fred Turner has dedicated \u003ca href=\"http://fredturner.stanford.edu/books/from-counterculture-to-cyberculture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a whole book\u003c/a> to tracing how the area’s pro-technology ideology grew out of the counterculture and back-to-the-land movements of the late 1960s. Since then, internet companies have benefited from a belief that technological advancements are inherently positive for society, and that technology is neither good nor bad, just a tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, some of those who have worked in the tech industry are challenging this idea and criticizing the tools they helped create. Former Google ethicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.tristanharris.com/essays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tristan Harris\u003c/a> and technology pioneers like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/12/jaron-lanier-book-dawn-new-everything-interview-virtual-reality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jaron Lanier\u003c/a> are calling attention to problems like social media echo chambers, digital addiction, personal data collection and the spread of false information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillaume Chaslot is one of the latest former employees speaking out. Chaslot began working for YouTube in 2010. These days, he says he’s trying to help people understand how the website recommends videos. Chaslot claims the site’s algorithm often ends up promoting videos filled with falsities and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bug in the System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663601\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11663601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_2835-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillaume Chaslot used to work on YouTube’s recommendation algorithm. Now he’s trying to show the public how that algorithm works. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before becoming a programmer, Chaslot studied physics. In college he decided to switch to computer science, believing the advances in artificial intelligence could have positive impacts on humanity\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went into computer science and did a Ph.D. on the most complex topic I could find,” he says. “Which was the game of Go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, Chaslot says, computers were not sophisticated enough to master the Asian board game. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/computer-beats-go-champion-for-first-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">computers can crush\u003c/a> even the best human opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaslot graduated and got a job at YouTube. In 2010, he began working on algorithms that recommended videos, and at first the experience, he says, was great. He was paid well and worked alongside very smart co-workers. But he also noticed something deeply unsettling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform YouTube was, Chaslot found, filled with videos that supported theories about everything from the earth being flat to vaccines causing illness. Not only was the website a home for this kind of content, Chaslot said, but the algorithms he was working on and the advertising model driving those algorithms were actually promoting the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was an awakening for Chaslot. He began to feel the collective brain power he was attracted to at YouTube was being used to contribute to the proliferation of flat-earth and anti-vaccine videos. So he decided to work on ways to solve the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very optimistic,” Chaslot says. “I was like, ‘I am just going to propose solutions.’ They would see they could work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he told his manager that he wanted to develop algorithms that shook people out of filter bubbles and echo chambers of misinformation. But Chaslot says his manager told him it wasn’t a good idea to work on that. He decided to pursue the project anyway. Shortly after that, Chaslot says, he was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In Search of Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Chaslot was fired, he did some work for some smaller tech companies, but he couldn’t let the issue at YouTube go. So he eventually started \u003ca href=\"https://algotransparency.org/?candidat=is%20the%20earth%20flat%20or%20round?&file=ytrecos-science-2018-04-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AlgoTransparency\u003c/a>. It’s a website that shows people what videos Youtube’s algorithms recommend most often. It has sections dedicated to topics like mass shootings, elections and science — topics that Chaslot says often have problematic videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his analysis, “Is the earth flat or round?” is one of the searches \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyAh9OENJPU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most favored by the recommendation algorithm. \u003c/a>Chaslot said he thinks these kinds of conspiracy videos resonate with some people because they feel like they are using YouTube to access some secret truth the powers-that-be aren’t disclosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think that everybody else is lying, you are going to spend all your time on YouTube,” he says. “For the algorithm it’s a super-cool win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending so much time on YouTube is a win for the company, Chaslot says. The more time you spend on the platform, the more advertising revenue is made for the site and those who create the videos — some of whom may not even believe what they’re making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the incentive is not to produce better-quality content, content that will help people,” Chaslot says, “but content that will help them spend more time online.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rewiring the Algorithm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A YouTube spokesperson says the recommendation algorithm has changed since Chaslot left. Now it’s less about maximizing the time people spend on the platform, and instead focuses on how “satisfied” people are by measuring a range of things, including likes, dislikes and shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For viewers, though, it’s still a mystery. Chaslot says they don’t know how YouTube analyzes their behavior and uses their behavior to target advertising and content. Chaslot wants to make the inner workings more transparent to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Working on Youtube’s algorithm, I realized there are a lot of things that people don’t understand about artificial intelligence,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI is all over the internet, Chaslot says, influencing your behavior, manipulating you in ways you don’t realize. It’s dictating everything from the posts you see on Facebook and Twitter to the videos recommended on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaslot is now preparing to analyze videos uploaded around the midterm elections, when YouTube is bound to be filled with political propaganda, videos smearing candidates and all manner of narrators spreading dubious “facts.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This Saturday marked graduation day for 33 former military men and women participating in Facebook's first-ever cybersecurity course for veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate Kyle Gomez seemed amused by the contrast between Facebook's rooftop patio at its headquarters in Menlo Park -- with its modern furniture, scenic view and fancy spread -- and his four years in the Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They do a lot to retain their talent,\" Gomez says of the trappings of the tech industry, \"versus the Army where it's like, 'I want you to stand at this guard post and then think about what you want to do for the next 12 hours.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the lonely nights with his laptop that sparked Gomez's interest in computer science and brought the current De Anza Community College student, and nearly three dozen of his fellow veterans, to \u003ca href=\"https://fbcodepath.splashthat.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook Cybersecurity University\u003c/a>, which was created in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://codepath.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Codepath\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students, who all had to have some background in IT or computer science, met every Saturday for seven hours for 12 weeks, learning the basics of cybersecurity, like trying to hack into systems to learn their vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Cary came to the graduation ceremony to cheer on his identical twin brother, Andy, who enlisted in the Army at 17, without telling him first, he complains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My reaction was, 'Why?!' \" Brian says. \"We don't come from a military family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boys grew up tinkering with technology together alongside their other, slightly older brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I built my own computer before I could drive,\" Andy says. For Andy, the Army was a place to form his own identity, while getting work experience right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Andy spent a year in Iraq and three stateside as a communications specialist, \"the AT&T of the operation,\" the 34-year old Carys are once again following a similar path in IT. Brian is a software engineer at Marin Software, and Andy now works in IT for Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Andy says working at Stanford could be a dream job if made permanent, the cybersecurity workshop gave him a crash course into other, more urgently needed skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, it's such a broad and deep field, you can't be an expert in everything. But this was really good exposure,\" Andy says. \"I see myself continuing with learning on my own with the long-term vision of getting into cybersecurity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courtney Kivernagel was one of a handful of women at the event. She says the camp was \"amazing\" and revealed a grit and tenacity she didn't know she had, not even after six years in the Air Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was harder than basic training in some aspects,\" Kivernagel says, \"just because some of the problems they threw out at you... [They were like,] 'Into the deep end, here you go.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kivernagel hopes the training will help land her a job in the new battleground of cybersecurity. It's one Facebook, which has been the target of much criticism over its role in facilitating Russian interference in the elections, knows well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's Head of Information Security Programs and Operations Betsy Bevilacqua says the company is doing its part to train specialists to take on future cyberthreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not just for Facebook, but also for the broader cybersecurity community,\" Bevilacqua says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bevilacqua says the cybersecurity industry is facing a shortage of 1.5 million professionals over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This Saturday marked graduation day for 33 former military men and women participating in Facebook's first-ever cybersecurity course for veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate Kyle Gomez seemed amused by the contrast between Facebook's rooftop patio at its headquarters in Menlo Park -- with its modern furniture, scenic view and fancy spread -- and his four years in the Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They do a lot to retain their talent,\" Gomez says of the trappings of the tech industry, \"versus the Army where it's like, 'I want you to stand at this guard post and then think about what you want to do for the next 12 hours.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the lonely nights with his laptop that sparked Gomez's interest in computer science and brought the current De Anza Community College student, and nearly three dozen of his fellow veterans, to \u003ca href=\"https://fbcodepath.splashthat.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook Cybersecurity University\u003c/a>, which was created in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://codepath.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Codepath\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students, who all had to have some background in IT or computer science, met every Saturday for seven hours for 12 weeks, learning the basics of cybersecurity, like trying to hack into systems to learn their vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Cary came to the graduation ceremony to cheer on his identical twin brother, Andy, who enlisted in the Army at 17, without telling him first, he complains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My reaction was, 'Why?!' \" Brian says. \"We don't come from a military family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boys grew up tinkering with technology together alongside their other, slightly older brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I built my own computer before I could drive,\" Andy says. For Andy, the Army was a place to form his own identity, while getting work experience right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Andy spent a year in Iraq and three stateside as a communications specialist, \"the AT&T of the operation,\" the 34-year old Carys are once again following a similar path in IT. Brian is a software engineer at Marin Software, and Andy now works in IT for Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Andy says working at Stanford could be a dream job if made permanent, the cybersecurity workshop gave him a crash course into other, more urgently needed skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, it's such a broad and deep field, you can't be an expert in everything. But this was really good exposure,\" Andy says. \"I see myself continuing with learning on my own with the long-term vision of getting into cybersecurity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courtney Kivernagel was one of a handful of women at the event. She says the camp was \"amazing\" and revealed a grit and tenacity she didn't know she had, not even after six years in the Air Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was harder than basic training in some aspects,\" Kivernagel says, \"just because some of the problems they threw out at you... [They were like,] 'Into the deep end, here you go.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kivernagel hopes the training will help land her a job in the new battleground of cybersecurity. It's one Facebook, which has been the target of much criticism over its role in facilitating Russian interference in the elections, knows well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's Head of Information Security Programs and Operations Betsy Bevilacqua says the company is doing its part to train specialists to take on future cyberthreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not just for Facebook, but also for the broader cybersecurity community,\" Bevilacqua says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bevilacqua says the cybersecurity industry is facing a shortage of 1.5 million professionals over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Betting on Artificial Intelligence to Guide Earthquake Response",
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"content": "\u003cp>A startup company in California is using machine learning and artificial intelligence to advise fire departments about how to plan for earthquakes and respond to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, One Concern, hopes its algorithms can take a lot of the guesswork out of the planning process for disaster response by making accurate predictions about earthquake damage. It's one of a handful of companies rolling out artificial intelligence and machine learning systems that could help predict and respond to floods, cyber-attacks and other large-scale disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Hu, One Concern's chief technology officer, says the key is to feed the computers three main categories of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is data about homes and other buildings, such as what materials they're made of, when they were built and how likely they are to collapse when the ground starts shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next category is data about the natural environment. For example, \"What is the soil like? What is the elevation like? What is the general humidity like?\" explains Hu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The third thing we look at is live instant data,\" she says, such as the magnitude of the quake, the traffic in the area of the quake and the weather at the time of the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer uses the information to make predictions about what would happen if an earthquake occurred in a particular area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and revises its predictive models accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it learns as it goes, which is basically how machine learning works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University earthquake engineer \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/gregory-deierlein\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gregory Deierlein\u003c/a> consulted for One Concern. He says one of the most remarkable things about the company's software is its ability to incorporate data from an earthquake as it's happening, and to adjust its predictions in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those sort of things used to be research projects,\"says Deierlein. \"After an event, we would collect data and a few years later we'd produce new models.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes the company's exact methods are opaque. \"Like many startup companies they're not fully transparent in everything they're doing,\" he says. \"I mean, that's their proprietary knowledge that they're bringing to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, some first responders are already convinced the software will be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire chief \u003ca href=\"http://www.woodsidefire.org/about/fire-chief\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Ghiorso\u003c/a> leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers about 32 square miles. The San Andreas fault is only a couple hundred feet behind the firehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghiorso says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he'd have to make educated guesses about what parts of his district might have suffered the most damage, and then drive to each place to make a visual inspection. He hopes One Concern's software will change that, although he has yet to put it to the test during an actual quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the concerns,\" he says. \"Instead of me, taking my educated guess, they're putting science behind it, so I'm very confident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, it's going to take a natural disaster to see if his confidence is justified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Betting+On+Artificial+Intelligence+To+Guide+Earthquake+Response&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A startup company in California is using machine learning and artificial intelligence to advise fire departments about how to plan for earthquakes and respond to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, One Concern, hopes its algorithms can take a lot of the guesswork out of the planning process for disaster response by making accurate predictions about earthquake damage. It's one of a handful of companies rolling out artificial intelligence and machine learning systems that could help predict and respond to floods, cyber-attacks and other large-scale disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Hu, One Concern's chief technology officer, says the key is to feed the computers three main categories of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is data about homes and other buildings, such as what materials they're made of, when they were built and how likely they are to collapse when the ground starts shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next category is data about the natural environment. For example, \"What is the soil like? What is the elevation like? What is the general humidity like?\" explains Hu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The third thing we look at is live instant data,\" she says, such as the magnitude of the quake, the traffic in the area of the quake and the weather at the time of the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer uses the information to make predictions about what would happen if an earthquake occurred in a particular area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and revises its predictive models accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it learns as it goes, which is basically how machine learning works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University earthquake engineer \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/gregory-deierlein\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gregory Deierlein\u003c/a> consulted for One Concern. He says one of the most remarkable things about the company's software is its ability to incorporate data from an earthquake as it's happening, and to adjust its predictions in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those sort of things used to be research projects,\"says Deierlein. \"After an event, we would collect data and a few years later we'd produce new models.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes the company's exact methods are opaque. \"Like many startup companies they're not fully transparent in everything they're doing,\" he says. \"I mean, that's their proprietary knowledge that they're bringing to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, some first responders are already convinced the software will be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire chief \u003ca href=\"http://www.woodsidefire.org/about/fire-chief\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Ghiorso\u003c/a> leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers about 32 square miles. The San Andreas fault is only a couple hundred feet behind the firehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghiorso says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he'd have to make educated guesses about what parts of his district might have suffered the most damage, and then drive to each place to make a visual inspection. He hopes One Concern's software will change that, although he has yet to put it to the test during an actual quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the concerns,\" he says. \"Instead of me, taking my educated guess, they're putting science behind it, so I'm very confident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, it's going to take a natural disaster to see if his confidence is justified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Betting+On+Artificial+Intelligence+To+Guide+Earthquake+Response&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]H[/dropcap]ere are some basic facts about the new breed of electric stand-up rental scooters in San Francisco, as enunciated during a Board of Supervisors committee hearing Monday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new electric stand-up rental scooters unleashed last month are a scourge to public safety. After less than a month on the streets, the scooters are already indispensable to getting around a traffic-choked city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooter companies should have known better than to launch without city permission. The scooter companies want to do everything they can to work with the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooters are a threat to seniors, the disabled and unwary pedestrians. The scooters are creating job opportunities for city residents who need them most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooters represent what the city could and should be — a center of innovation that embraces the novel, helps pioneer solutions for climate change and gets cars off the street. The scooters represent tech industry hubris, entitlement and arrogance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond those perhaps not-so-self-evident truths — expressed by board members, company representatives and dozens of city residents who shared their thoughts — one incontrovertible fact emerged from the hearing: Regulation is coming, sooner rather than later, for the scooter companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven’t been hanging on every twist and turn of San Francisco’s #ScooterWars, here’s a recap: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies (Spin, LimeBike and Bird) distributed hundreds of their stand-up scooters in the city beginning about a month ago: They didn’t ask permission, because while the city had made it clear it was working on regulations, none were in place. But the companies have become the target of rampant complaints about users riding on the sidewalk (illegal), dumping scooters haphazardly on sidewalks (illegal) and riding without helmets (illegal). The complaints have resulted in city action, with the Public Works agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seizing dozens of scooters\u003c/a> and City Attorney Dennis Herrera sending the firms \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4438890/04-16-18-Bird-Rides-Ltr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cease-and-desist letters\u003c/a> on Monday demanding they curb their “unlawful business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now that we’re caught up: Rules for the three companies already operating in the city, and for other firms that might want to join the fray, are on the way. What will they look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\">S.F. Scooter Battle: City Crews Seize 66 Mini-Vehicles From Sidewalks\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/40665797604_e9dff23717_o-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Monday’s hearing — held by the board’s three-member Land Use and Transportation Committee, which unanimously passed a scooter regulation ordinance from Supervisor Aaron Peskin — yielded a few clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Parks, head of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency’s bicycle program, told the hearing the agency has been working on regulations and a permit program since late February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks said that draft regulations, including a proposed permit application, will be presented to the agency’s board on May 1. The SFMTA could begin processing applications by mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations will include “really detailed placement guidelines for where you can and cannot park,” Parks said, and will require companies to show they can meet those requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of crucial interest to the scooter companies and the public, it’s still an open question exactly how many companies will be permitted to operate and how many scooters they’ll get to put on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the numbers are being worked out,” Parks said. “Probably more than one permit would be issued with a cap on the total number of permits and the total number of scooters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the regulations will require detailed usage data from permitted companies so the SFMTA can do “a thorough evaluation” of how the scooters are used and whether they are actually replacing car trips in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Jane Kim, a committee member, asked whether it would be possible to create formal docking areas for the scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think they’re so easy to tip over,” Kim said. “That is the part that really gets to me — that they’re just strewn all over the streets. And already in the first week I saw a number of them tipped over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks was noncommittal about what the SFMTA might do about the tipping problem and suggested the answer would come from the scooter firms themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would put the onus on the companies to come to us with a solution,” Parks said. “… We’re not the experts on that. They need to come up with a way that their operations don’t impact public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin’s scooter ordinance is expected to win quick approval from the full Board of Supervisors. Taking effect in late May, it would make it illegal for any company to distribute scooters without a city permit.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "S.F. Scooter Regulations Are Coming. What Will They Look Like?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">H\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ere are some basic facts about the new breed of electric stand-up rental scooters in San Francisco, as enunciated during a Board of Supervisors committee hearing Monday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new electric stand-up rental scooters unleashed last month are a scourge to public safety. After less than a month on the streets, the scooters are already indispensable to getting around a traffic-choked city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooter companies should have known better than to launch without city permission. The scooter companies want to do everything they can to work with the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooters are a threat to seniors, the disabled and unwary pedestrians. The scooters are creating job opportunities for city residents who need them most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooters represent what the city could and should be — a center of innovation that embraces the novel, helps pioneer solutions for climate change and gets cars off the street. The scooters represent tech industry hubris, entitlement and arrogance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond those perhaps not-so-self-evident truths — expressed by board members, company representatives and dozens of city residents who shared their thoughts — one incontrovertible fact emerged from the hearing: Regulation is coming, sooner rather than later, for the scooter companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven’t been hanging on every twist and turn of San Francisco’s #ScooterWars, here’s a recap: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies (Spin, LimeBike and Bird) distributed hundreds of their stand-up scooters in the city beginning about a month ago: They didn’t ask permission, because while the city had made it clear it was working on regulations, none were in place. But the companies have become the target of rampant complaints about users riding on the sidewalk (illegal), dumping scooters haphazardly on sidewalks (illegal) and riding without helmets (illegal). The complaints have resulted in city action, with the Public Works agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seizing dozens of scooters\u003c/a> and City Attorney Dennis Herrera sending the firms \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4438890/04-16-18-Bird-Rides-Ltr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cease-and-desist letters\u003c/a> on Monday demanding they curb their “unlawful business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now that we’re caught up: Rules for the three companies already operating in the city, and for other firms that might want to join the fray, are on the way. What will they look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\">S.F. Scooter Battle: City Crews Seize 66 Mini-Vehicles From Sidewalks\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/40665797604_e9dff23717_o-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Monday’s hearing — held by the board’s three-member Land Use and Transportation Committee, which unanimously passed a scooter regulation ordinance from Supervisor Aaron Peskin — yielded a few clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Parks, head of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency’s bicycle program, told the hearing the agency has been working on regulations and a permit program since late February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks said that draft regulations, including a proposed permit application, will be presented to the agency’s board on May 1. The SFMTA could begin processing applications by mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations will include “really detailed placement guidelines for where you can and cannot park,” Parks said, and will require companies to show they can meet those requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of crucial interest to the scooter companies and the public, it’s still an open question exactly how many companies will be permitted to operate and how many scooters they’ll get to put on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the numbers are being worked out,” Parks said. “Probably more than one permit would be issued with a cap on the total number of permits and the total number of scooters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the regulations will require detailed usage data from permitted companies so the SFMTA can do “a thorough evaluation” of how the scooters are used and whether they are actually replacing car trips in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Jane Kim, a committee member, asked whether it would be possible to create formal docking areas for the scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think they’re so easy to tip over,” Kim said. “That is the part that really gets to me — that they’re just strewn all over the streets. And already in the first week I saw a number of them tipped over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks was noncommittal about what the SFMTA might do about the tipping problem and suggested the answer would come from the scooter firms themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would put the onus on the companies to come to us with a solution,” Parks said. “… We’re not the experts on that. They need to come up with a way that their operations don’t impact public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peskin’s scooter ordinance is expected to win quick approval from the full Board of Supervisors. Taking effect in late May, it would make it illegal for any company to distribute scooters without a city permit.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
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