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They're also used for innocuous functions, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.privacyrights.org/consumer-guides/online-privacy-using-internet-safely\">keeping track of online shopping cart contents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest warning to users stems from an ongoing investigation into previously disclosed hacking of at least 500 million user accounts in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/yahoo-reveals-more-breachiness-to-users-victimized-by-forged-cookies/\">Ars Technica reported\u003c/a> that Yahoo sent emails this week to users stating that \"based on the ongoing investigation, we believe a forged cookie may have been used in 2015 or 2016 to access your account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first revealed the data breach in September 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/22/495056961/yahoo-inc-confirms-data-from-at-least-500-million-users-was-stolen\">as The Two-Way reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Yahoo disclosed a separate hacking incident of more than 1 billion accounts in 2013, as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a November \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-764376&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, Yahoo mentioned the possibility that in addition to hacking of security questions to access user accounts, forged cookies might have been used to steal private user information, explaining:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Forensic experts are currently investigating certain evidence and activity that indicates an intruder, believed to be the same state-sponsored actor responsible for the Security Incident, created cookies that could have enabled such intruder to bypass the need for a password to access certain users' accounts or account information.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a December \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-793106&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, the company provided further information, including that it had connected some of the forged cookies to \"the same state-sponsored actor believed to be responsible for the data theft the company disclosed on September 22, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December filing continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Based on the ongoing investigation, the company believes an unauthorized third party accessed the company's proprietary code to learn how to forge cookies. The outside forensic experts have identified user accounts for which they believe forged cookies were taken or used. Yahoo is notifying the affected account holders, and has invalidated the forged cookies.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Yahoo declined to say how many user accounts had been accessed using forged cookies, but told NPR on Thursday that the company was in its final stages of its investigation into the data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated revelations about Yahoo's account security appear to have affected a proposed deal to be acquired by Verizon. When the deal was announced in July 2016, the price tag for Yahoo was $4.8 billion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/25/487312798/verizon-buys-yahoo-for-4-8-billion-in-cash-touting-gains-in-mobile\">as we reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, that price appeared to be dropping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/business/dealbook/verizon-yahoo-merger-deal.html\">the New York Times\u003c/a>, which added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yahoo is close to renegotiating its original deal, choosing to take close to $300 million off the price to preserve the sale, a person with knowledge of the matter said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the revised terms, the two companies are expected to share legal responsibility and costs for the data breaches, the person with knowledge of the matter said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal\">Bloomberg reported\u003c/a> a slightly smaller decrease in Yahoo's asking price, closer to $250 million. Both outlets said negotiations between Yahoo and Verizon were ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yahoo is warning some of its users that their accounts might have been breached by intruders using forged cookies, allowing them to access private information without knowing users' passwords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cookies are pieces of code stored by browsers to, among other things, keep track of whether a user is logged into a password-protected account. They're also used for innocuous functions, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.privacyrights.org/consumer-guides/online-privacy-using-internet-safely\">keeping track of online shopping cart contents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest warning to users stems from an ongoing investigation into previously disclosed hacking of at least 500 million user accounts in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/yahoo-reveals-more-breachiness-to-users-victimized-by-forged-cookies/\">Ars Technica reported\u003c/a> that Yahoo sent emails this week to users stating that \"based on the ongoing investigation, we believe a forged cookie may have been used in 2015 or 2016 to access your account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first revealed the data breach in September 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/22/495056961/yahoo-inc-confirms-data-from-at-least-500-million-users-was-stolen\">as The Two-Way reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Yahoo disclosed a separate hacking incident of more than 1 billion accounts in 2013, as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a November \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-764376&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, Yahoo mentioned the possibility that in addition to hacking of security questions to access user accounts, forged cookies might have been used to steal private user information, explaining:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Forensic experts are currently investigating certain evidence and activity that indicates an intruder, believed to be the same state-sponsored actor responsible for the Security Incident, created cookies that could have enabled such intruder to bypass the need for a password to access certain users' accounts or account information.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a December \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-793106&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, the company provided further information, including that it had connected some of the forged cookies to \"the same state-sponsored actor believed to be responsible for the data theft the company disclosed on September 22, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December filing continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Based on the ongoing investigation, the company believes an unauthorized third party accessed the company's proprietary code to learn how to forge cookies. The outside forensic experts have identified user accounts for which they believe forged cookies were taken or used. Yahoo is notifying the affected account holders, and has invalidated the forged cookies.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Yahoo declined to say how many user accounts had been accessed using forged cookies, but told NPR on Thursday that the company was in its final stages of its investigation into the data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated revelations about Yahoo's account security appear to have affected a proposed deal to be acquired by Verizon. When the deal was announced in July 2016, the price tag for Yahoo was $4.8 billion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/25/487312798/verizon-buys-yahoo-for-4-8-billion-in-cash-touting-gains-in-mobile\">as we reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, that price appeared to be dropping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/business/dealbook/verizon-yahoo-merger-deal.html\">the New York Times\u003c/a>, which added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yahoo is close to renegotiating its original deal, choosing to take close to $300 million off the price to preserve the sale, a person with knowledge of the matter said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the revised terms, the two companies are expected to share legal responsibility and costs for the data breaches, the person with knowledge of the matter said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal\">Bloomberg reported\u003c/a> a slightly smaller decrease in Yahoo's asking price, closer to $250 million. Both outlets said negotiations between Yahoo and Verizon were ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO -- A bright light with a glowing tail spotted in the San Francisco Bay Area sky early Tuesday morning was a Navy missile test that had been in the works for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Navy spokesman John Daniels \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/02/14/bright-object-seen-across-bay-area-sky/\" target=\"_blank\">told the East Bay Times\u003c/a> that a submarine off the coast launched a Trident II D-5 missile at 3:30 a.m. and another at 6:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/eiqx1A7dtXY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/eiqx1A7dtXY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Daniels said the routine test was \"not in response to any ongoing world activities\" and that tests are conducted for training and maintenance of the missile system. He said the missiles fly over water, and not over inhabited areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trident II is a three-stage missile with a 4,000-mile range. Daniels said residents likely saw stage one, which lasts about a minute, and possibly part of stage two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"v1Vm2rYzINUSkLHhmrEoRc3mBkYRkZme\"]More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. You feel anxiety about possibly missing something.” Such low-cost, occasionally high-reward activities are catnip to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we’re prevented from compulsively checking for texts, the anxiety that the compulsive behavior alleviates comes roaring back. Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. 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Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Understanding Silicon Valley's Newfound Activism",
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"content": "\u003cp>Silicon Valley may want to change the world, but traditionally it has stayed out of the realm of politics to do it. So how to explain the sudden explosion of political protest against President Trump’s Jan. 27 executive order on immigration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/tony-xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Xu\u003c/a>’s metamorphosis provides one answer. Xu is the co-founder of the food delivery startup DoorDash, which is one of the tech companies that signed onto the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/06/97-companies-immigration-amicus-brief-trump-tech-google-apple-facebook/97561452/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">immigration amicus brief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am usually not politically involved,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the executive order touched a nerve. Xu immigrated from China to the U.S. when he was 5, and his family lived on food stamps when they first arrived. Today, DoorDash is valued at about $700 million, and employs hundreds of employees and tens of thousands of contractors across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the typical immigrant story,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a typical Silicon Valley story. From the Hungarian-born Andy Grove, who went on to be a founder of Intel, to Soviet-born Sergey Brin at Google and \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/expedia-ceo-says-trump-visa-order-shows-the-worst-of-his-proclivity-toward-rash-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, the Iranian-born American citizen who is the CEO of Expedia, immigrants have been integral to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The special sauce in Silicon Valley has always been this amalgamation of people from different backgrounds and different skill sets,” Xu said. “It’s best that we can congregate as much of that in Silicon Valley to solve the next set of problems. If we stop the flood of talent, that’s not going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive order isn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> stopping that flood of talent. The number of tech workers from the seven countries named in the immigration ban represent a very small portion of the tech workforce. In a leaked email, Google CEO Sundar Pichai said \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/28/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-fears-impact-of-trump-immigration-order-recalls-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a minimum of 187 Google employees\u003c/a> were affected. Google employs about 60,000 people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the relatively small numbers affected by the executive order, the protests and general outrage on Twitter among tech workers seems disproportionate. So what gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While exact numbers are difficult to come by, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jointventure.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a> estimates that roughly 30 percent of tech workers are foreign-born noncitizens, in the U.S. on green cards and various visas. And the executive order, coupled with Trump’s divisive rhetoric against immigrants during the campaign, are being interpreted by this workforce as an attack on immigration writ large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have this era of uncertainty where people are unsure and all they can think about, appropriately, is their immigration process,” said Romish Badani, co-founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bridge US\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that helps other firms with the immigration process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little productive work that probably got done last week for a foreign national, whether you’re an entrepreneur or you’re an employee of a company,” Badani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline in productivity was on view at Google’s Mountain View campus last week. Hundreds of employees stopped work to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/google-employees-protest-trumps-immigration-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest \u003c/a>against the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the protest, it was clear that the messy rollout of the executive order created panic. Tech workers with green cards weren’t sure if they could enter the country. At one point it appeared the Trump administration reserved the right to revoke visas that were already granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soufi Esmaeilzadeh, a product manager at Google, got caught up in this chaos. She’s a Canadian citizen who was born in Iran and is in the U.S. on a green card. The Friday the executive order was issued, Esmaeilzadeh was in Switzerland on a business trip. She called Google to ask if she should come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh read from the company's emailed response to her, as she stood before the gathering of protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I highly recommend that you do not return to the states right now,” she read. \"And that we figure out a short-, medium- and long-term plan about where we can place you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh asked the company what would happen if she tried to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google answered that “the likelihood was very high that I would either be deported or turned away or put on the next flight to Canada or back to Europe,” Esmaeilzadeh said. “Either of those situations could be put into my record and cause problems for me in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a judge in Seattle put a hold on the ban, Esmaeilzadeh said Google told her to rush back home. But the scenario raises many questions. If you’re Google, do you stop sending some noncitizens on business trips for fear another order might come down? How do you recruit and plan in the face of such uncertainty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Tippett’s answer: move to Canada. Tippett is with \u003ca href=\"https://true-north-ventures.myshopify.com/pages/about-true-north\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">True North\u003c/a>, a company that is helping American tech companies with foreign workers set up subsidiaries in Vancouver. He says Canada has friendlier immigration policies when it comes to tech workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the eventual outcome of this could be that you get an exodus of incredibly talented world-class experts who have been brought to Silicon Valley,” Tippett said. But they may “find themselves wanting to find a second home and Vancouver might be that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does this mean Vancouver is the new Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not by a long shot, say venture capitalists. While Silicon Valley is feeling uncertain about what lies ahead, the fact remains that the venture money and big companies are established in the San Francisco Bay Area. And a few defections aren't going to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60dB\u003c/a> is a personalized radio app where you can hear Liz Gannes' work and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/author/qkim/\">Queena Sook Kim\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lizgannes\">Liz Gannes\u003ca/>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Silicon Valley may want to change the world, but traditionally it has stayed out of the realm of politics to do it. So how to explain the sudden explosion of political protest against President Trump’s Jan. 27 executive order on immigration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/tony-xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Xu\u003c/a>’s metamorphosis provides one answer. Xu is the co-founder of the food delivery startup DoorDash, which is one of the tech companies that signed onto the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/06/97-companies-immigration-amicus-brief-trump-tech-google-apple-facebook/97561452/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">immigration amicus brief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am usually not politically involved,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the executive order touched a nerve. Xu immigrated from China to the U.S. when he was 5, and his family lived on food stamps when they first arrived. Today, DoorDash is valued at about $700 million, and employs hundreds of employees and tens of thousands of contractors across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the typical immigrant story,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a typical Silicon Valley story. From the Hungarian-born Andy Grove, who went on to be a founder of Intel, to Soviet-born Sergey Brin at Google and \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/expedia-ceo-says-trump-visa-order-shows-the-worst-of-his-proclivity-toward-rash-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, the Iranian-born American citizen who is the CEO of Expedia, immigrants have been integral to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The special sauce in Silicon Valley has always been this amalgamation of people from different backgrounds and different skill sets,” Xu said. “It’s best that we can congregate as much of that in Silicon Valley to solve the next set of problems. If we stop the flood of talent, that’s not going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive order isn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> stopping that flood of talent. The number of tech workers from the seven countries named in the immigration ban represent a very small portion of the tech workforce. In a leaked email, Google CEO Sundar Pichai said \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/28/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-fears-impact-of-trump-immigration-order-recalls-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a minimum of 187 Google employees\u003c/a> were affected. Google employs about 60,000 people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the relatively small numbers affected by the executive order, the protests and general outrage on Twitter among tech workers seems disproportionate. So what gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While exact numbers are difficult to come by, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jointventure.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a> estimates that roughly 30 percent of tech workers are foreign-born noncitizens, in the U.S. on green cards and various visas. And the executive order, coupled with Trump’s divisive rhetoric against immigrants during the campaign, are being interpreted by this workforce as an attack on immigration writ large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have this era of uncertainty where people are unsure and all they can think about, appropriately, is their immigration process,” said Romish Badani, co-founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bridge US\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that helps other firms with the immigration process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little productive work that probably got done last week for a foreign national, whether you’re an entrepreneur or you’re an employee of a company,” Badani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline in productivity was on view at Google’s Mountain View campus last week. Hundreds of employees stopped work to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/google-employees-protest-trumps-immigration-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest \u003c/a>against the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the protest, it was clear that the messy rollout of the executive order created panic. Tech workers with green cards weren’t sure if they could enter the country. At one point it appeared the Trump administration reserved the right to revoke visas that were already granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soufi Esmaeilzadeh, a product manager at Google, got caught up in this chaos. She’s a Canadian citizen who was born in Iran and is in the U.S. on a green card. The Friday the executive order was issued, Esmaeilzadeh was in Switzerland on a business trip. She called Google to ask if she should come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh read from the company's emailed response to her, as she stood before the gathering of protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I highly recommend that you do not return to the states right now,” she read. \"And that we figure out a short-, medium- and long-term plan about where we can place you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh asked the company what would happen if she tried to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google answered that “the likelihood was very high that I would either be deported or turned away or put on the next flight to Canada or back to Europe,” Esmaeilzadeh said. “Either of those situations could be put into my record and cause problems for me in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a judge in Seattle put a hold on the ban, Esmaeilzadeh said Google told her to rush back home. But the scenario raises many questions. If you’re Google, do you stop sending some noncitizens on business trips for fear another order might come down? How do you recruit and plan in the face of such uncertainty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Tippett’s answer: move to Canada. Tippett is with \u003ca href=\"https://true-north-ventures.myshopify.com/pages/about-true-north\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">True North\u003c/a>, a company that is helping American tech companies with foreign workers set up subsidiaries in Vancouver. He says Canada has friendlier immigration policies when it comes to tech workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the eventual outcome of this could be that you get an exodus of incredibly talented world-class experts who have been brought to Silicon Valley,” Tippett said. But they may “find themselves wanting to find a second home and Vancouver might be that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does this mean Vancouver is the new Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not by a long shot, say venture capitalists. While Silicon Valley is feeling uncertain about what lies ahead, the fact remains that the venture money and big companies are established in the San Francisco Bay Area. And a few defections aren't going to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60dB\u003c/a> is a personalized radio app where you can hear Liz Gannes' work and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Big Tech's Quarterly Reports Say About the Future of Music",
"headTitle": "What Big Tech’s Quarterly Reports Say About the Future of Music | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Our relationships with and access to music lie between rocks and hard places; the rocks that own it, the hard places that distribute it to us. Those relationships are constantly evolving, and to figure out what might come next, we’ve combed through the recent earnings statements of some of the largest record labels and tech companies to reveal how they’re preparing for 2017 and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musicians and labels have had to adjust to a world where they hold less control, because of the ways we listen now. Where once music distribution centered mostly around record stores, or radio disc jockeys — with whom musicians and labels typically had more symbiotic relationships — they’re now forced to work with companies like Apple, Facebook and Google — for whom music is a cherry, not the sundae — and streaming companies like Spotify, who now hold sway over huge portions of their bank statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>These tech companies will also control distribution channels that have yet to manifest — like virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as “high resolution” music, which was mentioned on Warner Music’s earnings call Wednesday and which another major label source told NPR last week is a major priority in this year, and years, to come. (These companies are barred from collusion, but often reach the same conclusions at similar times.) Where tech has the platform, labels — for better and worse — have the content tech needs to make those platforms rich, emotionally and otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consolidation is expected this year in the streaming industry, as presaged by Sprint’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/business/media/tidal-streaming-music-jayz-sprint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent purchase\u003c/a> of a third of Tidal, the streaming service that Jay Z purchased in 2015 for $56 million. Pandora also has been tipped as an acquisition target by SiriusXM, though Pandora seems keen to see how its forthcoming Spotify competitor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7604144/pandora-premium-reveal-spotify-competitor-streaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>, fares before any organizational capitulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record companies want as many outlets (think Spotify, or the app \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/musical.ly-your-video-social/id835599320?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Music.ally\u003c/a>) as possible using their music, in part to avoid the market domination that Apple had with the iTunes Store starting in 2004, and in part to keep pricing for their music catalogs competitive. However, tech companies have their own leverage, in the form of billions of “captive” users. The hands wash each other and the tendrils of industry are labyrinthine. (This very long, very dense piece \u003ca href=\"http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on antitrust and Amazon\u003c/a> from \u003cem>The Yale Law Journal\u003c/em> is a fascinating breakdown not just of Amazon, but of the many problems facing tech’s primacy, regulation and the laws around it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, the companies below have either shared their most recent financial statements (except for Snap Inc., which filed a comprehensive internal breakdown ahead of its $18 billion IPO). These statements (along with tech’s activity over the past year and conversations we’ve had with them) give us a look at the proverbial tea leaves and where we fall between the hard place and the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SPOTIFY\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744698\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse \u003ccite>(Photo: Pablo Parciuncula/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The financials of the world’s most-used streaming service are a notoriously elusive commodity — the company files in the spring, in Luxembourg, in French, and makes it a point not to announce them — but two things over the past day alone and one as-yet-unannounced move indicate where the company’s head is at. Last things first, its partnership with AccuWeather, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/accuweather-spotify-launch-climatune-to-produce-playlists-customized-to-weather/70000786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yielded a study on how weather affects listening patterns\u003c/a>. Next, two as-yet-unannounced podcasts exclusive to the service, one on music supervision (the work of selecting and licensing songs for television and movies) and the other about hip-hop record executive Chris Lighty. Finally, and most importantly, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/02/with-its-new-spotify-bundle-the-new-york-times-is-chasing-a-new-younger-base-of-subscribers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deal it announced Wednesday with the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, where new digital subscribers will receive a year of Spotify Premium for free\u003cem>\u003c/em>. Taken together, along with past initiatives like its \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiestoblog.com/spotify-album-burn-by-tiesto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“elastic” running songs\u003c/a>, show the market leader intends to keep pushing the envelope with data — but not with exclusive music content, as founder Daniel Ek has made clear. (Just podcasts, apparently.)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>APPLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Last year, Apple Music banked heavily on releases exclusive to it, including Frank Ocean’s highly anticipated \u003cem>Blonde\u003c/em>. However, likely due to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/business/media/frank-oceans-blonde-amplifies-discord-in-the-music-business.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired bit of contractual gymnastics\u003c/a> on Ocean’s part, exclusives were subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/23/universal-streaming-exclusives-frank-ocean-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> by Universal Music CEO Lucian Grainge. Despite that, Apple executives \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described\u003c/a> platform-specific exclusives like \u003cem>Blonde \u003c/em>as working “really well for everybody concerned — they’re great for the label, they work for the artist and for us.” To that end, it announced that Apple would be the home for \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>, a massively successful segment that started on \u003cem>The Late Late Show With James Corden\u003c/em>. (Adele’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nck6BZga7TQ\">turn\u003c/a> has been viewed 145 million times as of this writing.) This will also, serendipitously, benefit Apple TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s streaming service, Apple Music, has emerged as Spotify’s primary competitor, but from the outside is financially inextricable from other business segments of the Cupertino tech giant; Apple Music’s reports are bundled with other “services,” like its consumer insurance product AppleCare and Apple Pay. Regardless, it is a success, at least culturally. Apple Music now claims to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million subscribers\u003c/a> since launching in June 2015. Its “services” arm \u003ca href=\"http://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/01/apple-reports-record-first-quarter-results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was up\u003c/a> 22 percent between 2015 and 2016, from $19.9 billion to $24.34 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>FACEBOOK\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has seen the traffic report from any digital publisher of articles knows, Facebook’s dominance of media distribution on the web is near total. As such, even small moves make big waves. And, while “music” wasn’t mentioned once in last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-events/event-details/2017/Facebook-Q4-2016-Earnings/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earnings call\u003c/a>, the hiring of Tamara Hrivnak \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/01/30/512445669/with-new-hire-facebook-looks-to-strengthen-its-relationship-to-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a> to lead, as she posted on Faceook, “global music strategy and business development,” is a crystal clear indication that it will no longer sit on the sidelines when it comes to music. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/1/17/14269406/facebook-live-video-deals-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Recode\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>, Facebook plans to focus more on “high-quality” video. It wouldn’t be shocking to see the company partner with video companies (like the music-focused Vevo, for instance) and music rights holders to host longer-form series, like Apple is doing with \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>GOOGLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>YouTube is the world’s largest streaming service, by consumption, but remains the black sheep among those services for what the recording business says are lower-than-fair values for their work on it. A source with knowledge of the negotiations described them as routine, despite unrelenting attacks on it last year from various industry stakeholders over a perceived “value gap” between what YouTube pays for music streams versus what music services like Spotify (sometimes referred to as “pure-play” services) return to the recording industry. As a source pointed out to NPR last week, that value gap has been increasing as more people consume more music on the site. YouTube \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7525695/lyor-cohen-named-youtube-global-head-of-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brought on\u003c/a> veteran label executive Lyor Cohen in early December as its global Head of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>AMAZON\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Shaquille O'Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744699\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaquille O’Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv. \u003ccite>(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the success of Echo and the ease of use between it and the company’s own streaming service, Music Unlimited, as well as Amazon’s variegated entertainment investments, Jeff Bezos’ e-commerce giant will continue to aggressively expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company launched Amazon Music Unlimited last October, a “full catalog” service aimed at music fans less casual than those wooed by Amazon Prime Music — Prime has a catalog of two million songs, whereas Unlimited includes “tens of millions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prime members engaged with the Prime digital benefits at a voracious rate, more than doubling the number of video, music, and reading activities compared to 2015,” Amazon writes in its \u003ca href=\"http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-reportsother\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth-quarter earnings\u003c/a>, released Feb. 2. The company has had an impressive year with its cultural work, winning two Golden Globes and drawing seven Academy Awards nominations, including a Best Picture nod for \u003cem>Manchester By The Sea\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>WARNER MUSIC GROUP\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>In its earnings call on Feb. 7 Warner Music — which is owned by Len Blavatnik’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessindustries.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access Industries\u003c/a> — says it made $1 billion from streaming in 2016 (\u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7603792/youtube-1-billion-paid-recording-industry-advertising-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as much\u003c/a> as YouTube paid the industry worldwide that year), and pointed to new music from Bruno Mars and Ed Sheeran as key to its revenues in the coming year. It also cited, as mentioned above, virtual and augmented reality and high-resolution music as promising new sources of revenue over the coming year and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner Music reports it made 8.1 percent more from records than it did over the same period in 2015, with $917 million in total revenue, $311 million of which came from streaming services.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SONY CORP.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Sony Corp., which owns both major label Sony Music (home of Adele and Beyoncé, among many many others) and Sony/ATV, the world’s largest music publishing company (responsible for administering and exploiting compositions, which are legally separate from the sound recordings that record labels, like Sony Music, sell) reported sales down slightly in its third quarter, to $1.49 billion. That the company is about to get a new CEO — Rob Stringer, who is moving up from the reins of Columbia — after many years of being run by a legacy executive will no doubt bring fundamental change to the company. Sony Music’s recorded music revenue dropped 12.8 percent between 2015 and 2016, to $990 million. Of that, $364 million was generated by streaming services. Sony’s music operations were helped this past quarter not by music sales but rather thanks to a video game, \u003cem>Fate/Grand Order\u003c/em>. (That the company folded animation and mobile video games into music is a little strange, and seems to do little more than obfuscate the health of its music operations.)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SNAP INC.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>While the relationship between an amorphous social platform like Snapchat and music may seem tangential, a tech company worth tens of billions and that holds the attention of 150 million young eyes daily, and with a nascent hardware business to boot, will inevitably interact with music, as any youth-oriented concern must. (In fact, founder Evan Spiegel, as the hack of Sony Corp. revealed, had \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6406613/sony-leaks-snapchat-record-label-vevo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed interest\u003c/a> in starting his own record label.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564408/000119312517029199/d270216ds1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">118,000-word filing\u003c/a> with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Snap Inc., the recently formed parent company of social media platform Snapchat, explained itself — even its famously inscrutable app — ahead of an initial public offering. Notably, it writes that “Snap Inc. is a camera company,” and defines Snapchat itself as a “camera application.” (The only camera it has released for sale are a pair of well-reviewed “Spectacles,” released surreptitiously in vending machines in Los Angeles and New York.) It is, of course, more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost of revenue, which includes licensing deals for content from publishers like BuzzFeed as well as failed content partnerships like the one \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6642187/snapchat-discover-warner-music-yahoo-iheartradio-buzzfeed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it cancelled\u003c/a> with Warner Music Group, was about $451 million in 2016. The company as a whole posted a net loss last year of $514 million. Spiegel stands to make $3.7 billion from his 227 million shares once the company goes public — plenty of money to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And, not for nothing, the former CEO of Sony Entertainment, parent of Sony Music, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/business/media/sony-michael-lynton-to-step-down.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now the chairman\u003c/a> of Snap Inc.’s board.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Big+Tech%27s+Quarterly+Reports+Say+About+The+Future+Of+Music&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Our relationships with and access to music lie between rocks and hard places; the rocks that own it, the hard places that distribute it to us. Those relationships are constantly evolving, and to figure out what might come next, we’ve combed through the recent earnings statements of some of the largest record labels and tech companies to reveal how they’re preparing for 2017 and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musicians and labels have had to adjust to a world where they hold less control, because of the ways we listen now. Where once music distribution centered mostly around record stores, or radio disc jockeys — with whom musicians and labels typically had more symbiotic relationships — they’re now forced to work with companies like Apple, Facebook and Google — for whom music is a cherry, not the sundae — and streaming companies like Spotify, who now hold sway over huge portions of their bank statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>These tech companies will also control distribution channels that have yet to manifest — like virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as “high resolution” music, which was mentioned on Warner Music’s earnings call Wednesday and which another major label source told NPR last week is a major priority in this year, and years, to come. (These companies are barred from collusion, but often reach the same conclusions at similar times.) Where tech has the platform, labels — for better and worse — have the content tech needs to make those platforms rich, emotionally and otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consolidation is expected this year in the streaming industry, as presaged by Sprint’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/business/media/tidal-streaming-music-jayz-sprint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent purchase\u003c/a> of a third of Tidal, the streaming service that Jay Z purchased in 2015 for $56 million. Pandora also has been tipped as an acquisition target by SiriusXM, though Pandora seems keen to see how its forthcoming Spotify competitor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7604144/pandora-premium-reveal-spotify-competitor-streaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>, fares before any organizational capitulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record companies want as many outlets (think Spotify, or the app \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/musical.ly-your-video-social/id835599320?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Music.ally\u003c/a>) as possible using their music, in part to avoid the market domination that Apple had with the iTunes Store starting in 2004, and in part to keep pricing for their music catalogs competitive. However, tech companies have their own leverage, in the form of billions of “captive” users. The hands wash each other and the tendrils of industry are labyrinthine. (This very long, very dense piece \u003ca href=\"http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on antitrust and Amazon\u003c/a> from \u003cem>The Yale Law Journal\u003c/em> is a fascinating breakdown not just of Amazon, but of the many problems facing tech’s primacy, regulation and the laws around it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, the companies below have either shared their most recent financial statements (except for Snap Inc., which filed a comprehensive internal breakdown ahead of its $18 billion IPO). These statements (along with tech’s activity over the past year and conversations we’ve had with them) give us a look at the proverbial tea leaves and where we fall between the hard place and the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SPOTIFY\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744698\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse \u003ccite>(Photo: Pablo Parciuncula/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The financials of the world’s most-used streaming service are a notoriously elusive commodity — the company files in the spring, in Luxembourg, in French, and makes it a point not to announce them — but two things over the past day alone and one as-yet-unannounced move indicate where the company’s head is at. Last things first, its partnership with AccuWeather, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/accuweather-spotify-launch-climatune-to-produce-playlists-customized-to-weather/70000786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yielded a study on how weather affects listening patterns\u003c/a>. Next, two as-yet-unannounced podcasts exclusive to the service, one on music supervision (the work of selecting and licensing songs for television and movies) and the other about hip-hop record executive Chris Lighty. Finally, and most importantly, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/02/with-its-new-spotify-bundle-the-new-york-times-is-chasing-a-new-younger-base-of-subscribers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deal it announced Wednesday with the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, where new digital subscribers will receive a year of Spotify Premium for free\u003cem>\u003c/em>. Taken together, along with past initiatives like its \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiestoblog.com/spotify-album-burn-by-tiesto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“elastic” running songs\u003c/a>, show the market leader intends to keep pushing the envelope with data — but not with exclusive music content, as founder Daniel Ek has made clear. (Just podcasts, apparently.)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>APPLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Last year, Apple Music banked heavily on releases exclusive to it, including Frank Ocean’s highly anticipated \u003cem>Blonde\u003c/em>. However, likely due to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/business/media/frank-oceans-blonde-amplifies-discord-in-the-music-business.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired bit of contractual gymnastics\u003c/a> on Ocean’s part, exclusives were subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/23/universal-streaming-exclusives-frank-ocean-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> by Universal Music CEO Lucian Grainge. Despite that, Apple executives \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described\u003c/a> platform-specific exclusives like \u003cem>Blonde \u003c/em>as working “really well for everybody concerned — they’re great for the label, they work for the artist and for us.” To that end, it announced that Apple would be the home for \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>, a massively successful segment that started on \u003cem>The Late Late Show With James Corden\u003c/em>. (Adele’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nck6BZga7TQ\">turn\u003c/a> has been viewed 145 million times as of this writing.) This will also, serendipitously, benefit Apple TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s streaming service, Apple Music, has emerged as Spotify’s primary competitor, but from the outside is financially inextricable from other business segments of the Cupertino tech giant; Apple Music’s reports are bundled with other “services,” like its consumer insurance product AppleCare and Apple Pay. Regardless, it is a success, at least culturally. Apple Music now claims to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million subscribers\u003c/a> since launching in June 2015. Its “services” arm \u003ca href=\"http://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/01/apple-reports-record-first-quarter-results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was up\u003c/a> 22 percent between 2015 and 2016, from $19.9 billion to $24.34 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>FACEBOOK\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has seen the traffic report from any digital publisher of articles knows, Facebook’s dominance of media distribution on the web is near total. As such, even small moves make big waves. And, while “music” wasn’t mentioned once in last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-events/event-details/2017/Facebook-Q4-2016-Earnings/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earnings call\u003c/a>, the hiring of Tamara Hrivnak \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/01/30/512445669/with-new-hire-facebook-looks-to-strengthen-its-relationship-to-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a> to lead, as she posted on Faceook, “global music strategy and business development,” is a crystal clear indication that it will no longer sit on the sidelines when it comes to music. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/1/17/14269406/facebook-live-video-deals-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Recode\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>, Facebook plans to focus more on “high-quality” video. It wouldn’t be shocking to see the company partner with video companies (like the music-focused Vevo, for instance) and music rights holders to host longer-form series, like Apple is doing with \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>GOOGLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>YouTube is the world’s largest streaming service, by consumption, but remains the black sheep among those services for what the recording business says are lower-than-fair values for their work on it. A source with knowledge of the negotiations described them as routine, despite unrelenting attacks on it last year from various industry stakeholders over a perceived “value gap” between what YouTube pays for music streams versus what music services like Spotify (sometimes referred to as “pure-play” services) return to the recording industry. As a source pointed out to NPR last week, that value gap has been increasing as more people consume more music on the site. YouTube \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7525695/lyor-cohen-named-youtube-global-head-of-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brought on\u003c/a> veteran label executive Lyor Cohen in early December as its global Head of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>AMAZON\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Shaquille O'Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744699\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaquille O’Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv. \u003ccite>(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the success of Echo and the ease of use between it and the company’s own streaming service, Music Unlimited, as well as Amazon’s variegated entertainment investments, Jeff Bezos’ e-commerce giant will continue to aggressively expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company launched Amazon Music Unlimited last October, a “full catalog” service aimed at music fans less casual than those wooed by Amazon Prime Music — Prime has a catalog of two million songs, whereas Unlimited includes “tens of millions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prime members engaged with the Prime digital benefits at a voracious rate, more than doubling the number of video, music, and reading activities compared to 2015,” Amazon writes in its \u003ca href=\"http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-reportsother\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth-quarter earnings\u003c/a>, released Feb. 2. The company has had an impressive year with its cultural work, winning two Golden Globes and drawing seven Academy Awards nominations, including a Best Picture nod for \u003cem>Manchester By The Sea\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>WARNER MUSIC GROUP\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>In its earnings call on Feb. 7 Warner Music — which is owned by Len Blavatnik’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessindustries.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access Industries\u003c/a> — says it made $1 billion from streaming in 2016 (\u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7603792/youtube-1-billion-paid-recording-industry-advertising-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as much\u003c/a> as YouTube paid the industry worldwide that year), and pointed to new music from Bruno Mars and Ed Sheeran as key to its revenues in the coming year. It also cited, as mentioned above, virtual and augmented reality and high-resolution music as promising new sources of revenue over the coming year and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner Music reports it made 8.1 percent more from records than it did over the same period in 2015, with $917 million in total revenue, $311 million of which came from streaming services.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SONY CORP.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Sony Corp., which owns both major label Sony Music (home of Adele and Beyoncé, among many many others) and Sony/ATV, the world’s largest music publishing company (responsible for administering and exploiting compositions, which are legally separate from the sound recordings that record labels, like Sony Music, sell) reported sales down slightly in its third quarter, to $1.49 billion. That the company is about to get a new CEO — Rob Stringer, who is moving up from the reins of Columbia — after many years of being run by a legacy executive will no doubt bring fundamental change to the company. Sony Music’s recorded music revenue dropped 12.8 percent between 2015 and 2016, to $990 million. Of that, $364 million was generated by streaming services. Sony’s music operations were helped this past quarter not by music sales but rather thanks to a video game, \u003cem>Fate/Grand Order\u003c/em>. (That the company folded animation and mobile video games into music is a little strange, and seems to do little more than obfuscate the health of its music operations.)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SNAP INC.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>While the relationship between an amorphous social platform like Snapchat and music may seem tangential, a tech company worth tens of billions and that holds the attention of 150 million young eyes daily, and with a nascent hardware business to boot, will inevitably interact with music, as any youth-oriented concern must. (In fact, founder Evan Spiegel, as the hack of Sony Corp. revealed, had \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6406613/sony-leaks-snapchat-record-label-vevo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed interest\u003c/a> in starting his own record label.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564408/000119312517029199/d270216ds1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">118,000-word filing\u003c/a> with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Snap Inc., the recently formed parent company of social media platform Snapchat, explained itself — even its famously inscrutable app — ahead of an initial public offering. Notably, it writes that “Snap Inc. is a camera company,” and defines Snapchat itself as a “camera application.” (The only camera it has released for sale are a pair of well-reviewed “Spectacles,” released surreptitiously in vending machines in Los Angeles and New York.) It is, of course, more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost of revenue, which includes licensing deals for content from publishers like BuzzFeed as well as failed content partnerships like the one \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6642187/snapchat-discover-warner-music-yahoo-iheartradio-buzzfeed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it cancelled\u003c/a> with Warner Music Group, was about $451 million in 2016. The company as a whole posted a net loss last year of $514 million. Spiegel stands to make $3.7 billion from his 227 million shares once the company goes public — plenty of money to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And, not for nothing, the former CEO of Sony Entertainment, parent of Sony Music, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/business/media/sony-michael-lynton-to-step-down.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now the chairman\u003c/a> of Snap Inc.’s board.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Big+Tech%27s+Quarterly+Reports+Say+About+The+Future+Of+Music&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"title": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More on \u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and what it calls \u003ca href=\"https://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">exponential medicine here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More on \u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and what it calls \u003ca href=\"https://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">exponential medicine here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out",
"title": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out",
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"content": "\u003cp>When scientists first read out the human genome 15 years ago, there were high hopes that we'd soon understand how traits like height are inherited. It hasn't been easy. A huge effort to find height-related genes so far only explains a fraction of this trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists say they've made some more headway. And the effort is not just useful for understanding how genes determine height, but how they're involved in driving many other human traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, these problems didn't seem to be so complicated. The 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-century monk Gregor Mendel discovered that traits in his garden peas, like smoothness and color, could be passed predictably from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/joel-hirschhorn\">Joel Hirschhorn\u003c/a>, a geneticist at Boston Children's Hospital and the Broad Institute, says it became evident that most stories of inheritance were not so simple. Height turns out to be a prime example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People's height didn't behave like Mendel's peas,\" Hirschhorn says. \"It wasn't like they you had two tall people and they'd either have a tall [child] or a short [child]. Often the child was partway between the parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists explained this 100 years ago, when they realized that height was influenced by many genes, and each makes a small contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the human genome was sequenced, scientists like Hirschhorn thought they could plumb that data to track all the height genes, and finally understand how height — and in fact most other human traits — are shaped by our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort started slowly. But now, Hirschhorn says, \"For height there are about 700 variants known to affect height, each of them usually with a pretty small effect on height, usually like a millimeter or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That massive global effort has involved studying the genes of more than 700,000 volunteer subjects. Even so, the traits they've found only explain about a quarter of the inherited height factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, frustratingly, for most of those variants scientists have no idea what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the variants crop up in mysterious bits of DNA between genes on our chromosomes. That makes it hard to figure out their roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hirschhorn and his army of colleagues, who \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature21039\">reported\u003c/a> on the effort last week in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, tried a new tack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their study focused only on variants that are directly in the genes themselves. By knowing that the genes do, they can understand better how variants might influence height. For example, one is in a gene that influences hormones that regulate growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variants within genes are uncommon, but some have a remarkably large influence on height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found some that, if you carry them, you might actually be an inch taller or an inch shorter, as opposed to just a millimeter difference that we found with the previous variants,\" Hirschhorn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still very far from identifying all the genes involved with stature, but these new findings do help them better understand the natural biochemistry that influences height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far most of our understanding of height has come from scientists who study children who have abnormal growth patterns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/staff/Pages/bio.aspx?nih_id=0010126245\">Constantine Stratakis\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and scientific director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are rare experiments of nature that have told us these genes are involved in the regulation of growth,\" he says. In fact, he discovered one of those rare genes, linked to a trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408028#t=article\">gigantism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It leads to babies that double or triple their length in the first year of life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These natural experiments have been most useful for treating height disorders, but Stratakis hopes that eventually the genome-search methods will provide leads for future treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger lesson here is figuring out how the biology of a complex trait like height really works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rare variants can sometimes make a big difference, \"but most of the time it's all about systems that interact that define how an organism behaves, or grows, or has a disease, develops a trait and so on,\" Stratakis says. \"And although it's humbling to see the complexity, at this point it's not unexpected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn and his colleagues are expanding their already massive study of 700,000 subjects. That approach has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0806284\">drawn skepticism\u003c/a> from some scientists, who think it's a waste of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Goldstein, a professor of genetics at Columbia University, says an expanded effort could ultimately implicate every gene in existence, and that hardly helps scientists narrow down the biological factors that contribute to height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely scientists will never be able to figure out what these hundreds of common variants do to influence height, \u003ca href=\"http://www.igm.columbia.edu/profile/dbgoldstein\">Goldstein \u003c/a>says. Instead, a much better strategy is what Hirschhorn used in this latest study: looking for rare variants that pack a big punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn is undeterred.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\"We probably won't get all of the way to explaining 100 percent of the genetic factors, but in some sense that's not really our goal,\" Hirschhorn says. \"Our goal is to use the genetics to do our best at understanding the biology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Hirschhorn and his colleagues are not just looking at height; they're digging into traits that make people susceptible to diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Genes+Make+You+Taller%3F+A+Whole+Bunch+Of+Them%2C+It+Turns+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When scientists first read out the human genome 15 years ago, there were high hopes that we'd soon understand how traits like height are inherited. It hasn't been easy. A huge effort to find height-related genes so far only explains a fraction of this trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists say they've made some more headway. And the effort is not just useful for understanding how genes determine height, but how they're involved in driving many other human traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, these problems didn't seem to be so complicated. The 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-century monk Gregor Mendel discovered that traits in his garden peas, like smoothness and color, could be passed predictably from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/joel-hirschhorn\">Joel Hirschhorn\u003c/a>, a geneticist at Boston Children's Hospital and the Broad Institute, says it became evident that most stories of inheritance were not so simple. Height turns out to be a prime example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People's height didn't behave like Mendel's peas,\" Hirschhorn says. \"It wasn't like they you had two tall people and they'd either have a tall [child] or a short [child]. Often the child was partway between the parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists explained this 100 years ago, when they realized that height was influenced by many genes, and each makes a small contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the human genome was sequenced, scientists like Hirschhorn thought they could plumb that data to track all the height genes, and finally understand how height — and in fact most other human traits — are shaped by our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort started slowly. But now, Hirschhorn says, \"For height there are about 700 variants known to affect height, each of them usually with a pretty small effect on height, usually like a millimeter or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That massive global effort has involved studying the genes of more than 700,000 volunteer subjects. Even so, the traits they've found only explain about a quarter of the inherited height factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, frustratingly, for most of those variants scientists have no idea what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the variants crop up in mysterious bits of DNA between genes on our chromosomes. That makes it hard to figure out their roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hirschhorn and his army of colleagues, who \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature21039\">reported\u003c/a> on the effort last week in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, tried a new tack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their study focused only on variants that are directly in the genes themselves. By knowing that the genes do, they can understand better how variants might influence height. For example, one is in a gene that influences hormones that regulate growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variants within genes are uncommon, but some have a remarkably large influence on height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found some that, if you carry them, you might actually be an inch taller or an inch shorter, as opposed to just a millimeter difference that we found with the previous variants,\" Hirschhorn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still very far from identifying all the genes involved with stature, but these new findings do help them better understand the natural biochemistry that influences height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far most of our understanding of height has come from scientists who study children who have abnormal growth patterns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/staff/Pages/bio.aspx?nih_id=0010126245\">Constantine Stratakis\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and scientific director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are rare experiments of nature that have told us these genes are involved in the regulation of growth,\" he says. In fact, he discovered one of those rare genes, linked to a trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408028#t=article\">gigantism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It leads to babies that double or triple their length in the first year of life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These natural experiments have been most useful for treating height disorders, but Stratakis hopes that eventually the genome-search methods will provide leads for future treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger lesson here is figuring out how the biology of a complex trait like height really works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rare variants can sometimes make a big difference, \"but most of the time it's all about systems that interact that define how an organism behaves, or grows, or has a disease, develops a trait and so on,\" Stratakis says. \"And although it's humbling to see the complexity, at this point it's not unexpected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn and his colleagues are expanding their already massive study of 700,000 subjects. That approach has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0806284\">drawn skepticism\u003c/a> from some scientists, who think it's a waste of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Goldstein, a professor of genetics at Columbia University, says an expanded effort could ultimately implicate every gene in existence, and that hardly helps scientists narrow down the biological factors that contribute to height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely scientists will never be able to figure out what these hundreds of common variants do to influence height, \u003ca href=\"http://www.igm.columbia.edu/profile/dbgoldstein\">Goldstein \u003c/a>says. Instead, a much better strategy is what Hirschhorn used in this latest study: looking for rare variants that pack a big punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn is undeterred.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\"We probably won't get all of the way to explaining 100 percent of the genetic factors, but in some sense that's not really our goal,\" Hirschhorn says. \"Our goal is to use the genetics to do our best at understanding the biology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Hirschhorn and his colleagues are not just looking at height; they're digging into traits that make people susceptible to diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Genes+Make+You+Taller%3F+A+Whole+Bunch+Of+Them%2C+It+Turns+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Much has been written about the \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/187551/ACA2010-2016.pdf\">20 million people\u003c/a> who gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/24/511413971/arizona-children-could-lose-health-coverage-under-obamacare-repeal\">what could happen\u003c/a> to these patients if the ACA is repealed without a replacement. But some people don’t realize that hospitals nationwide could take a big financial hit on several fronts, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s likely that fewer patients would be able to pay their hospital bills, health policy analysts say, so the institutions would be stuck with that bad debt, as they were before Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Medicaid expansion goes away wholesale, and things go back to the way they were before this expansion was in place, a lot of those hospitals would see an increase in their uncompensated care costs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/person/rachel-garfield/\">Rachel Garfield\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Kaiser Family Foundation. The American Hospital Association estimates that hospitals across the U.S. could \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-exec-summary.pdf\">lose\u003c/a> more than $160 billion from the reduction in Medicaid revenue and the increase in unpaid medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s this: The ACA has used financial incentives to encourage hospitals to experiment with ways to improve their care of patients, while reducing health care’s cost. That sort of experimentation has included a sizable upfront investment by many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, for example, signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.partners.org/For-Patients/ACO/\">agreements\u003c/a> with physicians and insurers to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/01/132937232/accountable-care-organizations-explained\">accountable care organizations\u003c/a>, in hopes of saving money in the long run. With an ACO, insurers pay doctors for making sure the patient is getting the best and most appropriate care, instead of paying for every test and procedure a doctor does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now more than 20 different programs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/children/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=16933\">Dr. Timothy Ferris\u003c/a>, an internist and medical director of the Mass General Physicians Organization. “Video visits, electronic consultation with specialists, home hospitalization, [and] programs for patients with diabetes and heart disease. I would be worried that a repeal of the ACA would undermine our ability to invest in services for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris acknowledges that most of those experiments \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/14/440240225/medicare-fails-to-save-money-so-far-on-cooperative-care-experiment\">haven’t yet\u003c/a> saved money. But they need more time to work out the kinks safely, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that it’s difficult for people outside of health care to appreciate — particularly politicians — is how long it takes to make significant improvements in the delivery of care,” Ferris says. “You have to be very careful when you make changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris says the threatened repeal of the ACA makes him worry “that the progress we’ve made over the past five years would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/04/21/accountable-care-organizations-in-2016-private-and-public-sector-growth-and-dispersion/\">hospitals across the country\u003c/a> have invested in accountable care organizations — often overhauling their medical records systems, hiring staff and creating new services. \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/about/board-of-directors/dennis-keefe.cfm\">Dennis Keefe\u003c/a>, head of a large hospital chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/\">Care New England\u003c/a> in Rhode Island, says he, too, worries about the future of his ACO, \u003ca href=\"http://www.integracare.org/\">Integra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, if there’s a real change in direction away from these alternative payment models, we will be assuming risk to care for a population,” Keefe says.”We have invested enormously to be successful in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these seismic changes in the way hospitals do business were predicated, he adds, on long-term support from the federal government — support that might disappear if the ACA is repealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with NPR, Rhode Island Public Radio and Kaiser Health News. The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Rhode Island Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ripr.org/\">Rhode Island Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospitals+Worry+Repeal+Of+Obamacare+Would+Jeopardize+Innovations+In+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much has been written about the \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/187551/ACA2010-2016.pdf\">20 million people\u003c/a> who gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/24/511413971/arizona-children-could-lose-health-coverage-under-obamacare-repeal\">what could happen\u003c/a> to these patients if the ACA is repealed without a replacement. But some people don’t realize that hospitals nationwide could take a big financial hit on several fronts, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s likely that fewer patients would be able to pay their hospital bills, health policy analysts say, so the institutions would be stuck with that bad debt, as they were before Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Medicaid expansion goes away wholesale, and things go back to the way they were before this expansion was in place, a lot of those hospitals would see an increase in their uncompensated care costs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/person/rachel-garfield/\">Rachel Garfield\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Kaiser Family Foundation. The American Hospital Association estimates that hospitals across the U.S. could \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-exec-summary.pdf\">lose\u003c/a> more than $160 billion from the reduction in Medicaid revenue and the increase in unpaid medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s this: The ACA has used financial incentives to encourage hospitals to experiment with ways to improve their care of patients, while reducing health care’s cost. That sort of experimentation has included a sizable upfront investment by many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, for example, signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.partners.org/For-Patients/ACO/\">agreements\u003c/a> with physicians and insurers to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/01/132937232/accountable-care-organizations-explained\">accountable care organizations\u003c/a>, in hopes of saving money in the long run. With an ACO, insurers pay doctors for making sure the patient is getting the best and most appropriate care, instead of paying for every test and procedure a doctor does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now more than 20 different programs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/children/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=16933\">Dr. Timothy Ferris\u003c/a>, an internist and medical director of the Mass General Physicians Organization. “Video visits, electronic consultation with specialists, home hospitalization, [and] programs for patients with diabetes and heart disease. I would be worried that a repeal of the ACA would undermine our ability to invest in services for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris acknowledges that most of those experiments \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/14/440240225/medicare-fails-to-save-money-so-far-on-cooperative-care-experiment\">haven’t yet\u003c/a> saved money. But they need more time to work out the kinks safely, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that it’s difficult for people outside of health care to appreciate — particularly politicians — is how long it takes to make significant improvements in the delivery of care,” Ferris says. “You have to be very careful when you make changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris says the threatened repeal of the ACA makes him worry “that the progress we’ve made over the past five years would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/04/21/accountable-care-organizations-in-2016-private-and-public-sector-growth-and-dispersion/\">hospitals across the country\u003c/a> have invested in accountable care organizations — often overhauling their medical records systems, hiring staff and creating new services. \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/about/board-of-directors/dennis-keefe.cfm\">Dennis Keefe\u003c/a>, head of a large hospital chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/\">Care New England\u003c/a> in Rhode Island, says he, too, worries about the future of his ACO, \u003ca href=\"http://www.integracare.org/\">Integra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, if there’s a real change in direction away from these alternative payment models, we will be assuming risk to care for a population,” Keefe says.”We have invested enormously to be successful in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these seismic changes in the way hospitals do business were predicated, he adds, on long-term support from the federal government — support that might disappear if the ACA is repealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with NPR, Rhode Island Public Radio and Kaiser Health News. The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Rhode Island Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ripr.org/\">Rhode Island Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospitals+Worry+Repeal+Of+Obamacare+Would+Jeopardize+Innovations+In+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Silicon Valley Response on Immigration\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSeveral Silicon Valley companies, including Alphabet, Apple, Facebook and Microsoft, drafted a joint letter opposing President Donald Trump’s executive order limiting immigration and travel to the U.S. Recode Executive Editor Kara Swisher and KQED Silicon Valley Desk Senior Editor Queena Kim join Thuy Vu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congressman Ro Khanna\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCongressman Ro Khanna (D-Silicon Valley) weighs in on immigration policy, job creation and federal funding for California. He joins Scott Shafer, senior editor of KQED’s California Politics and Government Desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Border Report\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED host and reporter John Sepulvado spent the week in San Diego, where he talked with residents about President Trump’s proposed new wall and the executive order limiting travel from seven predominantly Muslim countries. He joins Thuy Vu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sports and Politics\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis Sunday, an iconic American beer brewer will debut a Super Bowl ad that weighs in on immigration policy. But political commentary is not always welcome in athletics. Monica Lam talks with prominent athletes and activists, including Jim Brown, Tommie Smith, Danielle Slaton and Harry Edwards, about the intersection of sports and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an unusual sign of protest at an iconic Silicon Valley name, Google employees worldwide took to the streets to denounce Trump’s new immigration policies that are directly impacting workers at the global giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294847\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-800x806.jpg\" alt=\"A Google worker walks to a protest against President Trump's executive order banning immigrants from seven majority-Muslim countries.\" width=\"800\" height=\"806\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-800x806.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-160x161.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1020x1027.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1920x1934.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1180x1188.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-960x967.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-240x242.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-375x378.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-520x524.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Google worker walks to a protest against President Trump’s executive order banning immigrants from seven majority-Muslim countries. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Google’s headquarters in Mountain View on Monday, a quad was packed with Googlers toting signs reading “Nation of immigrants,” “Even introverts are here” and “No ban, no wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai, who joined the rally, has been highly critical of Trump’s order and warned that it could prevent at least 187 foreign-born Google employees from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some values that are foundational and you should never compromise on,” said Pichai, a U.S. citizen born in India. “It is core to the founding of this company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley relies heavily on a foreign and immigrant workforce. That’s apparent at Google, where visitors can see large groups of Indians, Chinese, Iranians, Europeans and more — both foreign nationals and hyphenated Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them — Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, an Iranian-born Canadian Google product manager — addressed the crowd. She was in Switzerland when news of the Trump policies broke, learning that the immigration freeze included people from Iran (the others are Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Libya, Somalia and Sudan).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294850\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, a product manager at Google, speaks about her experience dealing with Trump's executive action banning people from seven majority Muslim states entry into the U.S. Esmaeilzdeh is an Iranian-born Canadian citizen and was in Switzerland when the executive action was announced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, a product manager at Google, speaks about her experience dealing with Trump’s executive action banning people from seven majority Muslim states entry into the U.S. Esmaeilzdeh is an Iranian-born Canadian citizen and was in Switzerland when the executive action was announced. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Esmaeilzdeh asked Google’s immigration and security team if she should come home to the U.S., they advised her to stay put. It was unclear what the consequences would be and the Google team needed to figure it out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She asked, what would happen if she tried to return?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They told her, “The likelihood was very high that I would either be deported, turned away and put on the next flight back to Canada or back to Europe.” She was also told that if any of those immigration actions was taken, it could become a part of her record and pose a problem in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And so, like an untold number of travelers, Esmaeilzdeh was stuck in limbo until the courts intervened.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protest was capped off by an appearance from Google co-founder Sergey Brin, who joined the large protests at San Francisco International Airport against the Trump policies over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294923\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294923\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Google co-founder Sergey Brin speaking at a protest on the company's headquarters in Mountain View. The protest was against President Trump's executive order banning people from seven majority Muslim states from entering the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1020x602.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1920x1133.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-960x567.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-240x142.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-520x307.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google co-founder Sergey Brin speaking at a protest on the company’s headquarters in Mountain View. The protest was against President Trump’s executive order banning people from seven majority Muslim states from entering the U.S. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brin, whose family immigrated from the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War, reminded the crowd that tensions between the two nations were fierce and the relationship was full of mistrust. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Nevertheless, this country was brave and welcoming,” said Brin, who was six years old when his family moved to the U.S. “I wouldn’t be where I am here today, if it was not for this great country that stood up for liberty.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an unusual sign of protest at an iconic Silicon Valley name, Google employees worldwide took to the streets to denounce Trump’s new immigration policies that are directly impacting workers at the global giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294847\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-800x806.jpg\" alt=\"A Google worker walks to a protest against President Trump's executive order banning immigrants from seven majority-Muslim countries.\" width=\"800\" height=\"806\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-800x806.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-160x161.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1020x1027.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1920x1934.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-1180x1188.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-960x967.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-240x242.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-375x378.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-520x524.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/GOOG-PIC-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Google worker walks to a protest against President Trump’s executive order banning immigrants from seven majority-Muslim countries. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Google’s headquarters in Mountain View on Monday, a quad was packed with Googlers toting signs reading “Nation of immigrants,” “Even introverts are here” and “No ban, no wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai, who joined the rally, has been highly critical of Trump’s order and warned that it could prevent at least 187 foreign-born Google employees from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some values that are foundational and you should never compromise on,” said Pichai, a U.S. citizen born in India. “It is core to the founding of this company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley relies heavily on a foreign and immigrant workforce. That’s apparent at Google, where visitors can see large groups of Indians, Chinese, Iranians, Europeans and more — both foreign nationals and hyphenated Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them — Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, an Iranian-born Canadian Google product manager — addressed the crowd. She was in Switzerland when news of the Trump policies broke, learning that the immigration freeze included people from Iran (the others are Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Libya, Somalia and Sudan).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294850\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, a product manager at Google, speaks about her experience dealing with Trump's executive action banning people from seven majority Muslim states entry into the U.S. Esmaeilzdeh is an Iranian-born Canadian citizen and was in Switzerland when the executive action was announced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Soufi-Esmaeilzdeh-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soufi Esmaeilzdeh, a product manager at Google, speaks about her experience dealing with Trump’s executive action banning people from seven majority Muslim states entry into the U.S. Esmaeilzdeh is an Iranian-born Canadian citizen and was in Switzerland when the executive action was announced. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Esmaeilzdeh asked Google’s immigration and security team if she should come home to the U.S., they advised her to stay put. It was unclear what the consequences would be and the Google team needed to figure it out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She asked, what would happen if she tried to return?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They told her, “The likelihood was very high that I would either be deported, turned away and put on the next flight back to Canada or back to Europe.” She was also told that if any of those immigration actions was taken, it could become a part of her record and pose a problem in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And so, like an untold number of travelers, Esmaeilzdeh was stuck in limbo until the courts intervened.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protest was capped off by an appearance from Google co-founder Sergey Brin, who joined the large protests at San Francisco International Airport against the Trump policies over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11294923\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11294923\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Google co-founder Sergey Brin speaking at a protest on the company's headquarters in Mountain View. The protest was against President Trump's executive order banning people from seven majority Muslim states from entering the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1020x602.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1920x1133.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-960x567.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-240x142.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sundar-and-sergy-520x307.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google co-founder Sergey Brin speaking at a protest on the company’s headquarters in Mountain View. The protest was against President Trump’s executive order banning people from seven majority Muslim states from entering the U.S. \u003ccite>(Queena Sook Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brin, whose family immigrated from the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War, reminded the crowd that tensions between the two nations were fierce and the relationship was full of mistrust. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Nevertheless, this country was brave and welcoming,” said Brin, who was six years old when his family moved to the U.S. “I wouldn’t be where I am here today, if it was not for this great country that stood up for liberty.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
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