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"content": "\u003cp>Sen. Richard Burr wasted no time on Wednesday connecting the abstract and amorphous story that is Russian election interference to strife in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With lawyers from Facebook, Twitter, and Google sitting before him, the Senate Intelligence Committee chairman described a divisive scene in Houston last year — engineered entirely by Russian influence-mongers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Facebook group, the \"Heart of Texas,\" posted anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim content, then began promoting an event on May 21, 2016 marketed to \"stop the Islamization of Texas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yMQPdlTlOXYwGLnzfeUTeh8nxJtfmUdr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second group \"United Muslims of America,\" also began advertising an event to \"save Islamic Knowledge\" — across the street from the \"Heart of Texas\" rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the advertising and social media campaign cost about $200, but created a tangible show of polarization that brought out crowds and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/05/politics/heart-of-texas-russia-event/index.html\">received news coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm certain that our adversaries are learning from the Russian activities and even watching us today,\" Burr told the witnesses. \"Simply put, you must do better to protect the American people, and frankly, all of your users from this kind of manipulation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawyers spoke with the Senate Intel Committee Wednesday morning, and with the House Intelligence Committee in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the House Intel Hearing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=560481387&mediaId=560484663\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similarly interesting look into the content of the Russian interference efforts, on Wednesday, the House committee \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-intelligence.house.gov/hpsci-11-1/\">released a small sample\u003c/a> of the ads Russia was pushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ads take on a number of issues, but mostly focus on polarizing issues within American culture. One refers to Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton as \"Killary Clinton\" and another says \"racism won, ignorance won, sexual assault won\" in reference to President Trump's election victory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others focused on social issues like LGBT rights and the treatment of Muslims in America. Ranking Democrat Adam Schiff made the point that regardless of who creates the content, foreign adversary or American user, the fact that the social media business model is based on exciting and inflammatory content is inherently a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QQA75ePovX8tEHsfcgswKwDlDnpWWXVQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These algorithms, which are designed to attract our attention and keep our eyes focused on the platform for advertising purposes, may also have the unintended consequences of widening divisions among our society – polarizing people,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff pushed the companies on whether they had an interest in letting users know if they saw or were the target of Russia-backed content. The companies deflected and pointed to technical difficulties, based on the fact that their numbers are based on modelling and not counting specific instances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two hearings Wednesday came after a Tuesday session before a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/31/560481040/russian-interference-campaign-was-broader-than-first-known-big-tech-tells-hill\">Senate Judiciary subcommittee\u003c/a>, and Wednesday's were noticeably more heated. Multiple lawmakers wondered aloud why they were talking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/10/31/16562342/facebook-russia-congress-google-twitter-lawyers-ads\">the general counsels\u003c/a> for the companies, instead of the CEOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have more than a little bit of frustration that many of us on this committee have been raising this issue since the beginning of this year and our claims were frankly blown off by the leaderships of your companies,\" said the ranking Democrat on the committee, Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va. \"Candidly, your companies know more about Americans than the United States government does and the idea that you had no idea that any of this was happening strains my credibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Senate Intel Hearing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=560481387&mediaId=560483469\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Tech lawyers said they were sympathetic, but would not completely commit on the record to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/19/558847414/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-honest-ads-act\">supporting legislation\u003c/a> that would regulate transparency for political ads on their platforms. They did say they agreed that more transparency is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New numbers about the scope of Russian interference were also revealed: about 20 million Americans may have seen content pushed by Russian operatives on Instagram leading up to the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0AuHPwu6wfuJcYxyhezCYeh6Q4rT7U74\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was according to Facebook General Counsel Colin Stretch, who revealed earlier in the week that an additional 126 million users may have seen the Russia-promoted content on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence committees in both the House and Senate are among the congressional panels investigating Russian interference in the 2016 election cycle and possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russian operatives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Russian-Backed+Agitation+Online+Spilled+Into+The+Real+World+In+2016&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Facebook, Twitter and Google faced questions from the Senate and House Intelligence Committees on Wednesday, revealing more than ever about last year's Russian interference campaign.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sen. Richard Burr wasted no time on Wednesday connecting the abstract and amorphous story that is Russian election interference to strife in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With lawyers from Facebook, Twitter, and Google sitting before him, the Senate Intelligence Committee chairman described a divisive scene in Houston last year — engineered entirely by Russian influence-mongers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Facebook group, the \"Heart of Texas,\" posted anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim content, then began promoting an event on May 21, 2016 marketed to \"stop the Islamization of Texas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second group \"United Muslims of America,\" also began advertising an event to \"save Islamic Knowledge\" — across the street from the \"Heart of Texas\" rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the advertising and social media campaign cost about $200, but created a tangible show of polarization that brought out crowds and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/05/politics/heart-of-texas-russia-event/index.html\">received news coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm certain that our adversaries are learning from the Russian activities and even watching us today,\" Burr told the witnesses. \"Simply put, you must do better to protect the American people, and frankly, all of your users from this kind of manipulation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawyers spoke with the Senate Intel Committee Wednesday morning, and with the House Intelligence Committee in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the House Intel Hearing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=560481387&mediaId=560484663\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similarly interesting look into the content of the Russian interference efforts, on Wednesday, the House committee \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-intelligence.house.gov/hpsci-11-1/\">released a small sample\u003c/a> of the ads Russia was pushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ads take on a number of issues, but mostly focus on polarizing issues within American culture. One refers to Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton as \"Killary Clinton\" and another says \"racism won, ignorance won, sexual assault won\" in reference to President Trump's election victory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others focused on social issues like LGBT rights and the treatment of Muslims in America. Ranking Democrat Adam Schiff made the point that regardless of who creates the content, foreign adversary or American user, the fact that the social media business model is based on exciting and inflammatory content is inherently a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These algorithms, which are designed to attract our attention and keep our eyes focused on the platform for advertising purposes, may also have the unintended consequences of widening divisions among our society – polarizing people,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff pushed the companies on whether they had an interest in letting users know if they saw or were the target of Russia-backed content. The companies deflected and pointed to technical difficulties, based on the fact that their numbers are based on modelling and not counting specific instances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two hearings Wednesday came after a Tuesday session before a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/31/560481040/russian-interference-campaign-was-broader-than-first-known-big-tech-tells-hill\">Senate Judiciary subcommittee\u003c/a>, and Wednesday's were noticeably more heated. Multiple lawmakers wondered aloud why they were talking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/10/31/16562342/facebook-russia-congress-google-twitter-lawyers-ads\">the general counsels\u003c/a> for the companies, instead of the CEOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have more than a little bit of frustration that many of us on this committee have been raising this issue since the beginning of this year and our claims were frankly blown off by the leaderships of your companies,\" said the ranking Democrat on the committee, Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va. \"Candidly, your companies know more about Americans than the United States government does and the idea that you had no idea that any of this was happening strains my credibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Senate Intel Hearing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=560481387&mediaId=560483469\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Tech lawyers said they were sympathetic, but would not completely commit on the record to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/19/558847414/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-honest-ads-act\">supporting legislation\u003c/a> that would regulate transparency for political ads on their platforms. They did say they agreed that more transparency is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New numbers about the scope of Russian interference were also revealed: about 20 million Americans may have seen content pushed by Russian operatives on Instagram leading up to the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was according to Facebook General Counsel Colin Stretch, who revealed earlier in the week that an additional 126 million users may have seen the Russia-promoted content on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence committees in both the House and Senate are among the congressional panels investigating Russian interference in the 2016 election cycle and possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russian operatives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Russian-Backed+Agitation+Online+Spilled+Into+The+Real+World+In+2016&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Russian interference efforts in the 2016 presidential election were broader than anyone first knew, as representatives for Facebook, Twitter and Google told lawmakers on Capitol Hill Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of users across those platforms who may have seen content created by Russian operatives leading up to the election is now estimated at more than 100 million, according to lawyers for the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one consequence of the explosion in popularity of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not only do we use it, not only does the president use it, millions of Americans use your technology to share the first step of a grandchild, to talk about good and bad things in our lives, and I would like to say to all of you that you've enriched America,\" said Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the bottom line is these technologies also can be used to undermine our democracy and put our nation at risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oii8xkze7Bo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's general counsel, Colin Stretch, explained in his opening statement that as many as 126 million Facebook users may have seen content \"that originated from the Russian operation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook had said before that 10 million users may have been exposed to ads \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/02/555103005/facebook-surrenders-russian-linked-influence-ads-to-congress\">purchased by Russian operatives\u003c/a>. But the company had not previously discussed how many people saw Russia-linked interference content shared organically through the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that content was aimed at widening divides in American culture, touching on topics from LGBT matters to race issues to immigration to gun rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"u0dHvXWegqltzhWAKvcjuKj4jSXtcMdQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of these ads and posts are inflammatory, some are downright offensive, and much of it will be particularly painful to communities that engaged with this content believing it to be authentic,\" Stretch said. \"They have every right to expect more from us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretch and his colleagues are set to face more questions on Capitol Hill Wednesday in an all-day marathon. First they go before the Senate Intelligence Committee in the morning and then before the House Intelligence Committee in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also revealed that the breadth of Russian propaganda machine was greater than previously reported. Sean Edgett, Twitter's deputy general counsel, said in his opening statement that the company had uncovered 2,752 Russia-linked accounts and more than 36,000 automated \"bots.\" Those accounts tweeted 1.4 million times about the election last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This type of activity just creates not only a bad user experience, but a distrust for the platform,\" Edgett said. \"So we are committed to working every single day to solving this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., that commitment isn't enough. She's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/19/558847414/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-honest-ads-act\">pushing legislation\u003c/a> that would regulate political ads on the social media sites, similar to how ads are regulated on television and radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pressed the witnesses on whether they would offer support for her bill. They declined to offer their unequivocal backing, but Google's top security security officer, Richard Salgado said they wanted to achieve the same ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9HVmeTkr7KxjnC46HsQWjFvCjcRKkOo4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We certainly support the goals of the legislation and would like to work through the nuances to make it work for all of us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the hearing offered few fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., expressed his frustration with Facebook for suggesting that it could track the source of funding for all 5 million of its monthly advertisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you do enormous good, but your power scares me,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., grew annoyed when Facebook's Stretch wouldn't commit to not accepting money for political ads in other currencies other than the American dollar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franken rose his voice as he complained about not being able to understand why it took the social media companies --which market themselves as the keeper of millions of bits of data --so long to see that the Russian government was using them to influence the American election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In hindsight, we should've had a broader lens,\" replied Stetch. \"There were signals we missed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Russian+Interference+Campaign+Was+Broader+Than+First+Known%2C+Big+Tech+Tells+Hill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Russian interference efforts in the 2016 presidential election were broader than anyone first knew, as representatives for Facebook, Twitter and Google told lawmakers on Capitol Hill Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of users across those platforms who may have seen content created by Russian operatives leading up to the election is now estimated at more than 100 million, according to lawyers for the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one consequence of the explosion in popularity of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not only do we use it, not only does the president use it, millions of Americans use your technology to share the first step of a grandchild, to talk about good and bad things in our lives, and I would like to say to all of you that you've enriched America,\" said Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the bottom line is these technologies also can be used to undermine our democracy and put our nation at risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oii8xkze7Bo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oii8xkze7Bo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook's general counsel, Colin Stretch, explained in his opening statement that as many as 126 million Facebook users may have seen content \"that originated from the Russian operation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook had said before that 10 million users may have been exposed to ads \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/02/555103005/facebook-surrenders-russian-linked-influence-ads-to-congress\">purchased by Russian operatives\u003c/a>. But the company had not previously discussed how many people saw Russia-linked interference content shared organically through the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of that content was aimed at widening divides in American culture, touching on topics from LGBT matters to race issues to immigration to gun rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of these ads and posts are inflammatory, some are downright offensive, and much of it will be particularly painful to communities that engaged with this content believing it to be authentic,\" Stretch said. \"They have every right to expect more from us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretch and his colleagues are set to face more questions on Capitol Hill Wednesday in an all-day marathon. First they go before the Senate Intelligence Committee in the morning and then before the House Intelligence Committee in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also revealed that the breadth of Russian propaganda machine was greater than previously reported. Sean Edgett, Twitter's deputy general counsel, said in his opening statement that the company had uncovered 2,752 Russia-linked accounts and more than 36,000 automated \"bots.\" Those accounts tweeted 1.4 million times about the election last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This type of activity just creates not only a bad user experience, but a distrust for the platform,\" Edgett said. \"So we are committed to working every single day to solving this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., that commitment isn't enough. She's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/19/558847414/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-honest-ads-act\">pushing legislation\u003c/a> that would regulate political ads on the social media sites, similar to how ads are regulated on television and radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pressed the witnesses on whether they would offer support for her bill. They declined to offer their unequivocal backing, but Google's top security security officer, Richard Salgado said they wanted to achieve the same ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We certainly support the goals of the legislation and would like to work through the nuances to make it work for all of us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the hearing offered few fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., expressed his frustration with Facebook for suggesting that it could track the source of funding for all 5 million of its monthly advertisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you do enormous good, but your power scares me,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., grew annoyed when Facebook's Stretch wouldn't commit to not accepting money for political ads in other currencies other than the American dollar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franken rose his voice as he complained about not being able to understand why it took the social media companies --which market themselves as the keeper of millions of bits of data --so long to see that the Russian government was using them to influence the American election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In hindsight, we should've had a broader lens,\" replied Stetch. \"There were signals we missed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Russian+Interference+Campaign+Was+Broader+Than+First+Known%2C+Big+Tech+Tells+Hill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In July 2016, the aftermath of a police shooting of an African-American man was broadcast live on Facebook. Instantly, Americans of all stripes used the platform to step up the race wars and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/14/486036166/in-wake-of-shootings-facebook-struggles-to-define-hate-speech\">attack each other\u003c/a>. Across the world, in India this past summer, a post of a cartoon of the Prophet Muhammad on Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1030653/west-bengal-violence-how-a-facebook-post-broke-the-decades-long-communal-peace-of-a-west-bengal-town/\">sparked mob violence\u003c/a> in which one person died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, U.S. lawmakers are looking into Facebook's culpability after evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/\">Russia-linked operatives\u003c/a> placed ads on its platform during the 2016 presidential election in an effort to disrupt democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In whatever corner of the world Facebook is operating, it has become clear that people are using this powerful platform as a communications tool in ways that Mark Zuckerberg never envisioned. He started the company as a young Harvard undergrad 13 years ago to connect students. It expanded exponentially since then under his supremely techno-utopian vision of connecting the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Vu9Q670eTzSGLHprbo6AuCD6wlKU6xB3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Zuckerberg, connecting the world means \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/bringing-the-world-closer-together/10154944663901634/\">bringing people together\u003c/a>. But increasingly the platform is being used by some very powerful elements to do the exact opposite: sow divisions. That's led Facebook struggling almost every week\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to offer explanations for misleading and divisive news on its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a huge blind spot for Zuckerberg, by his own acknowledgement. Indeed, he is fast coming to terms with the power of his platform to cause harm. Last November, Zuckerberg dismissed as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">\"a pretty crazy idea\"\u003c/a> the notion that fake news influenced the U.S. presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of evidence, he shifted his stance. In September this year, he put up \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104067130714241\">a post on his personal page\u003c/a> saying he regretted calling it crazy: \"This is too important an issue to be dismissive.\" He followed that up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104074437830721\">another post \u003c/a>promising to do better: \"For the ways my work was used to divide people rather than bring us together, I ask forgiveness and I will work to do better.\" According to interviews with current and former employees and other technology leaders close to the company, the 33-year-old CEO is now struggling to course correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it was Harvard or just the Ivies, they had norms that worked,\" says Tarleton Gillespie, a communications expert at Microsoft Research who is writing a book about harmful speech online titled \u003cem>Custodians of the Internet\u003c/em>. But once everyone from \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bfmamatalk/\">moms breastfeeding\u003c/a> their babies\u003cem> to\u003c/em> white supremacists came in, he says, the system broke down. \"Facebook was less prepared to make decisions about acceptable speech,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"N6EsSUHxFfCYEoj13FRWb0zD07fnrPyy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couple that lack of preparedness with the desire to ramp up a company at unimaginable speed. Facebook has grown in the span of just 13 years from a handful of college students to over 2 billion monthly users; with advertising revenue close to \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/271258/facebooks-advertising-revenue-worldwide/\">$27 billion\u003c/a> last year alone. Along the way, it has hooked legacy media too. Many news organizations depend on Facebook to drive traffic and a number of other outlets, including NPR, have paid partnerships with Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call it ambition or naïveté. The company's early mantra, \"move fast and break things,\" proved to be a winning approach to software development. Not so much to human relationships. It was a classic Silicon Valley case of product before purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook leaders now say that, perhaps by moving too quickly, they failed to anticipate all the ways in which people could abuse their platform. For a group of engineers focused on data and algorithms, it's like the modern version of Frankenstein: they've created a monster whose powers they're just beginning to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do it, the company will need to shift the focus of its metrics. People who've work at Facebook say that from Day 1, Zuckerberg has been fixated on measuring engagement: how much you like, click, share, up to what second you watch a video. In product meetings, current and former employees say, any suggestion to tweak News Feed — Facebook's signature product — must include a deep analysis of how that would increase or decrease engagement. This dogged focus on metrics is also apparent from the company's own blog posts and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"PaRFKj98HL1tfhhew3rQb40kFXILH4PN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's the negative engagement — Russian operatives, trolls, hate groups — that the CEO and his leadership team has been far slower to register. Now the company is scrambling to figure out how to monitor and quantify the bad. It's hiring more than 4,000 new employees to weed out fake accounts and violators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem: A key data source the company has been relying on — users to report bad content — is chronically unreliable, according to people at Facebook who've had to analyze it. Users flag a lot of things that they shouldn't. For instance, they can report a post as fake news because they disagree with it; others can say a business page is offensive when actually it's just a competitor they want to take down. Facebook's leaders have publicly said they stand behind this crowdsourcing approach. But, inside the company, people know this system just doesn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Facebook employee tells NPR that recently, engineers in-house began to do random sampling of News Feed — to proactively look for violations (not just wait for users to flag content). \"We're trying,\" the employee says. \"But you can't look for new bad behavior. It's a hopeless exercise.\" Meaning, you can only find violations that you know to look for. Prior to 2016, political interference in elections wasn't even a category on the radar of the engineers leading these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hGsfQLI0vOF5woiOWyPUEockMPNwm2vN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's political pressure to clean up. This week the House and Senate are holding three hearings on election interference by the Russians, calling on Facebook, Twitter and Google representatives to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a notable shift in the zeitgeist of Silicon Valley. In a \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/culture/2017/09/14/ev-williams-misinformation-internet-facebook-ads-russia-twitter-bots.cnnmoney/index.html\">recent interview\u003c/a> with CNN, Twitter co-founder Evan Williams said \"Facebook is filled with crap ads\"; and that all the ad-driven platforms (Twitter included) are benefiting from fake information, \"generating attention at pretty much any cost. That's the most broken thing about the information economy we live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Facebook, there's a deep conflict. On the one hand, employees who've spoken with NPR feel terribly that Facebook is a space for Russian operatives, hate speech and extremists. Engineers and product managers are racing to fix it, working overtime, reading history books on Russian propaganda techniques — just to try to wrap their minds around how the past is repeating itself, through new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, they're indignant, believing they've created a beautiful, seamless technology that does more good than harm, and that Facebook engineers aren't responsible for human nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's clear is that Facebook is trying to understand its own platform's ability to cause harm. What's unclear is: Can Facebook stop it? \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mark+Zuckerberg%27s+Big+Blind+Spot+And+The+Conflict+Within+Facebook&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In July 2016, the aftermath of a police shooting of an African-American man was broadcast live on Facebook. Instantly, Americans of all stripes used the platform to step up the race wars and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/14/486036166/in-wake-of-shootings-facebook-struggles-to-define-hate-speech\">attack each other\u003c/a>. Across the world, in India this past summer, a post of a cartoon of the Prophet Muhammad on Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1030653/west-bengal-violence-how-a-facebook-post-broke-the-decades-long-communal-peace-of-a-west-bengal-town/\">sparked mob violence\u003c/a> in which one person died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, U.S. lawmakers are looking into Facebook's culpability after evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/\">Russia-linked operatives\u003c/a> placed ads on its platform during the 2016 presidential election in an effort to disrupt democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In whatever corner of the world Facebook is operating, it has become clear that people are using this powerful platform as a communications tool in ways that Mark Zuckerberg never envisioned. He started the company as a young Harvard undergrad 13 years ago to connect students. It expanded exponentially since then under his supremely techno-utopian vision of connecting the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Zuckerberg, connecting the world means \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/bringing-the-world-closer-together/10154944663901634/\">bringing people together\u003c/a>. But increasingly the platform is being used by some very powerful elements to do the exact opposite: sow divisions. That's led Facebook struggling almost every week\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to offer explanations for misleading and divisive news on its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a huge blind spot for Zuckerberg, by his own acknowledgement. Indeed, he is fast coming to terms with the power of his platform to cause harm. Last November, Zuckerberg dismissed as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">\"a pretty crazy idea\"\u003c/a> the notion that fake news influenced the U.S. presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of evidence, he shifted his stance. In September this year, he put up \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104067130714241\">a post on his personal page\u003c/a> saying he regretted calling it crazy: \"This is too important an issue to be dismissive.\" He followed that up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104074437830721\">another post \u003c/a>promising to do better: \"For the ways my work was used to divide people rather than bring us together, I ask forgiveness and I will work to do better.\" According to interviews with current and former employees and other technology leaders close to the company, the 33-year-old CEO is now struggling to course correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it was Harvard or just the Ivies, they had norms that worked,\" says Tarleton Gillespie, a communications expert at Microsoft Research who is writing a book about harmful speech online titled \u003cem>Custodians of the Internet\u003c/em>. But once everyone from \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bfmamatalk/\">moms breastfeeding\u003c/a> their babies\u003cem> to\u003c/em> white supremacists came in, he says, the system broke down. \"Facebook was less prepared to make decisions about acceptable speech,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couple that lack of preparedness with the desire to ramp up a company at unimaginable speed. Facebook has grown in the span of just 13 years from a handful of college students to over 2 billion monthly users; with advertising revenue close to \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/271258/facebooks-advertising-revenue-worldwide/\">$27 billion\u003c/a> last year alone. Along the way, it has hooked legacy media too. Many news organizations depend on Facebook to drive traffic and a number of other outlets, including NPR, have paid partnerships with Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Call it ambition or naïveté. The company's early mantra, \"move fast and break things,\" proved to be a winning approach to software development. Not so much to human relationships. It was a classic Silicon Valley case of product before purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook leaders now say that, perhaps by moving too quickly, they failed to anticipate all the ways in which people could abuse their platform. For a group of engineers focused on data and algorithms, it's like the modern version of Frankenstein: they've created a monster whose powers they're just beginning to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do it, the company will need to shift the focus of its metrics. People who've work at Facebook say that from Day 1, Zuckerberg has been fixated on measuring engagement: how much you like, click, share, up to what second you watch a video. In product meetings, current and former employees say, any suggestion to tweak News Feed — Facebook's signature product — must include a deep analysis of how that would increase or decrease engagement. This dogged focus on metrics is also apparent from the company's own blog posts and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's the negative engagement — Russian operatives, trolls, hate groups — that the CEO and his leadership team has been far slower to register. Now the company is scrambling to figure out how to monitor and quantify the bad. It's hiring more than 4,000 new employees to weed out fake accounts and violators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem: A key data source the company has been relying on — users to report bad content — is chronically unreliable, according to people at Facebook who've had to analyze it. Users flag a lot of things that they shouldn't. For instance, they can report a post as fake news because they disagree with it; others can say a business page is offensive when actually it's just a competitor they want to take down. Facebook's leaders have publicly said they stand behind this crowdsourcing approach. But, inside the company, people know this system just doesn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Facebook employee tells NPR that recently, engineers in-house began to do random sampling of News Feed — to proactively look for violations (not just wait for users to flag content). \"We're trying,\" the employee says. \"But you can't look for new bad behavior. It's a hopeless exercise.\" Meaning, you can only find violations that you know to look for. Prior to 2016, political interference in elections wasn't even a category on the radar of the engineers leading these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's political pressure to clean up. This week the House and Senate are holding three hearings on election interference by the Russians, calling on Facebook, Twitter and Google representatives to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a notable shift in the zeitgeist of Silicon Valley. In a \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/culture/2017/09/14/ev-williams-misinformation-internet-facebook-ads-russia-twitter-bots.cnnmoney/index.html\">recent interview\u003c/a> with CNN, Twitter co-founder Evan Williams said \"Facebook is filled with crap ads\"; and that all the ad-driven platforms (Twitter included) are benefiting from fake information, \"generating attention at pretty much any cost. That's the most broken thing about the information economy we live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Facebook, there's a deep conflict. On the one hand, employees who've spoken with NPR feel terribly that Facebook is a space for Russian operatives, hate speech and extremists. Engineers and product managers are racing to fix it, working overtime, reading history books on Russian propaganda techniques — just to try to wrap their minds around how the past is repeating itself, through new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, they're indignant, believing they've created a beautiful, seamless technology that does more good than harm, and that Facebook engineers aren't responsible for human nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's clear is that Facebook is trying to understand its own platform's ability to cause harm. What's unclear is: Can Facebook stop it? \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mark+Zuckerberg%27s+Big+Blind+Spot+And+The+Conflict+Within+Facebook&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Russians who posed as Americans last year on social media tried several different disguises — from gun rights activists to Black Lives Matter supporters — all in an attempt to influence voters during the 2016 election. How was all of this done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Senate Intelligence Committee will be asking Facebook, Twitter and Google at a hearing this week. Members of the committee want to know how Russian operatives were able to use the social media platforms to spread propaganda and what the media companies are doing to stop it from happening again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some users, like Kimberly Foster, had an inkling last year that trolls were spreading propaganda messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”n0P6IxrTTajCxdnLuf9QAMcIikYHYZZI”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster is the CEO of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.forharriet.com/#axzz4x6aTebCc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">For Harriet\u003c/a>,” a digital platform for black people. She has more than 31,000 followers on Twitter, and she tweets a lot. But when it comes to retweets, Foster has learned to be careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really dedicated to making sure that the information that I engage with and the people that I connect with are real,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Foster started seeing other Twitter influencers retweet a person named “Crystal Johnson.” The account posted all kinds of content, incendiary posts from the right and the left, mostly about race. And even though the Crystal Johnson profile picture was that of a black woman, Foster thought there was something off about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I see accounts like Crystal Johnson with an image that is clearly a stock photo with no original content, it really was a hallmark fake account,” Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11626972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM.png 584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-160x146.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-240x219.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-375x342.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-520x474.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster even tweeted a few months ago that she thought the account was fake. And she was right. Twitter suspended the Crystal Johnson account and 200 others believed to be linked to Russian operatives. And under pressure from members of Congress, Facebook announced it would hand over 3,000 political ads bought by Russian sources that ran during the presidential election campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed that Russian operatives used topics like race to divide the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue of race and racial injustice is at the forefront of so many of our minds right now,” Foster said. “It makes perfect sense to me that the Russians utilized these platforms to incite racial discord.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is an account called Blacktivist on Facebook and Twitter. Organizers of the page, believed to be Russian trolls, presented themselves as Black Lives Matter supporters. Jonathan Albright, research director of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, published research showing a snapshot of the reach Russian operatives were able to get through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Blacktivist content, according to Albright’s\u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/d1gi#!/vizhome/FB4/TotalReachbyPage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> research\u003c/a>, was shared more than 103 million times during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11626973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM.png 754w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-240x134.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-375x209.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-520x290.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of a Blacktivist post on Twitter. The account has since been deleted.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tweets however, weren’t just about race. Craig Timberg, technology reporter with the Washington Post, has been reporting on this story and found there were other sophisticated ways Russian operatives used the social media platforms to incite discord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timberg gives one example of an anti-Hillary Clinton ad paid for by the Mercer family, who are big Donald Trump supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ad ran on television in some battleground states,” Timberg said. “But then it got tweeted out by a Twitter account that was supposedly the Tennessee Republican Party, but it was in fact controlled by Russian trolls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once it got tweeted out by Russian trolls, it was then retweeted by lots of other people, including Michael Flynn, who later became the national security adviser to President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mRuYFVwSK0gT9vWRClxgUu6L58rg4c5n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keith Olbermann and Ann Coulter and Nicki Minaj, you name it, a whole host of people across the celebrity and political and journalism worlds fell for this phony account, and that’s just one of thousands upon thousands upon thousands of social media accounts that the Russians created and controlled,” Timberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing, Facebook, Twitter and Google will also be asked to explain the steps they’re taking to mitigate foreign interference in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am worried that disinformation disrupts democracy,” said Malkia Cyril, founder and executive director of the Center for Media Justice in Oakland. “This is a global affair, and it’s something we should all be afraid (of).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyril and others have been pushing companies like Facebook to hire more humans and rely less on algorithms to assist in weeding out disinformation on their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Human beings can see context,” Cyril said. “So Facebook, Twitter and other social media outlets should be hiring folks who are in the editorial process looking at content and making some decisions about what’s fake and what’s real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsUhyiO31DY]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg said during a video about the Russian-bought ads that the social media giant will require more transparency from those who purchase ads on the site. For instance, Facebook will allow users to visit an advertiser’s page and see the ads the advertisers have running throughout the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the general public, Foster said, people also have to be smarter social media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we absolutely need to be telling people to vet their sources, to actually click links before we share them,” Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Russians who posed as Americans last year on social media tried several different disguises — from gun rights activists to Black Lives Matter supporters — all in an attempt to influence voters during the 2016 election. How was all of this done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Senate Intelligence Committee will be asking Facebook, Twitter and Google at a hearing this week. Members of the committee want to know how Russian operatives were able to use the social media platforms to spread propaganda and what the media companies are doing to stop it from happening again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some users, like Kimberly Foster, had an inkling last year that trolls were spreading propaganda messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster is the CEO of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.forharriet.com/#axzz4x6aTebCc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">For Harriet\u003c/a>,” a digital platform for black people. She has more than 31,000 followers on Twitter, and she tweets a lot. But when it comes to retweets, Foster has learned to be careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really dedicated to making sure that the information that I engage with and the people that I connect with are real,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, Foster started seeing other Twitter influencers retweet a person named “Crystal Johnson.” The account posted all kinds of content, incendiary posts from the right and the left, mostly about race. And even though the Crystal Johnson profile picture was that of a black woman, Foster thought there was something off about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I see accounts like Crystal Johnson with an image that is clearly a stock photo with no original content, it really was a hallmark fake account,” Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11626972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM.png 584w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-160x146.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-240x219.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-375x342.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.24.34-PM-520x474.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster even tweeted a few months ago that she thought the account was fake. And she was right. Twitter suspended the Crystal Johnson account and 200 others believed to be linked to Russian operatives. And under pressure from members of Congress, Facebook announced it would hand over 3,000 political ads bought by Russian sources that ran during the presidential election campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed that Russian operatives used topics like race to divide the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue of race and racial injustice is at the forefront of so many of our minds right now,” Foster said. “It makes perfect sense to me that the Russians utilized these platforms to incite racial discord.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is an account called Blacktivist on Facebook and Twitter. Organizers of the page, believed to be Russian trolls, presented themselves as Black Lives Matter supporters. Jonathan Albright, research director of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, published research showing a snapshot of the reach Russian operatives were able to get through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Blacktivist content, according to Albright’s\u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/d1gi#!/vizhome/FB4/TotalReachbyPage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> research\u003c/a>, was shared more than 103 million times during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11626973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM.png 754w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-240x134.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-375x209.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-5.26.31-PM-520x290.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of a Blacktivist post on Twitter. The account has since been deleted.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tweets however, weren’t just about race. Craig Timberg, technology reporter with the Washington Post, has been reporting on this story and found there were other sophisticated ways Russian operatives used the social media platforms to incite discord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timberg gives one example of an anti-Hillary Clinton ad paid for by the Mercer family, who are big Donald Trump supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ad ran on television in some battleground states,” Timberg said. “But then it got tweeted out by a Twitter account that was supposedly the Tennessee Republican Party, but it was in fact controlled by Russian trolls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once it got tweeted out by Russian trolls, it was then retweeted by lots of other people, including Michael Flynn, who later became the national security adviser to President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keith Olbermann and Ann Coulter and Nicki Minaj, you name it, a whole host of people across the celebrity and political and journalism worlds fell for this phony account, and that’s just one of thousands upon thousands upon thousands of social media accounts that the Russians created and controlled,” Timberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing, Facebook, Twitter and Google will also be asked to explain the steps they’re taking to mitigate foreign interference in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am worried that disinformation disrupts democracy,” said Malkia Cyril, founder and executive director of the Center for Media Justice in Oakland. “This is a global affair, and it’s something we should all be afraid (of).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyril and others have been pushing companies like Facebook to hire more humans and rely less on algorithms to assist in weeding out disinformation on their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Human beings can see context,” Cyril said. “So Facebook, Twitter and other social media outlets should be hiring folks who are in the editorial process looking at content and making some decisions about what’s fake and what’s real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/wsUhyiO31DY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/wsUhyiO31DY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg said during a video about the Russian-bought ads that the social media giant will require more transparency from those who purchase ads on the site. For instance, Facebook will allow users to visit an advertiser’s page and see the ads the advertisers have running throughout the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the general public, Foster said, people also have to be smarter social media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we absolutely need to be telling people to vet their sources, to actually click links before we share them,” Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Jose Looks to Residents, North Bay Fires for Flood Preparation",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the city of San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley Water District prepare for winter storms, they are garnering feedback from residents on their preferred form of emergency contact, as well as hoping to apply lessons learned from the response to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from the city and the district are hoping that winter rains won’t bring with them a repeat of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/22/the-san-jose-flood-what-went-wrong-and-how-the-city-plans-to-fix-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">February’s disaster in Coyote Creek\u003c/a>, when flooding led to 40,000 evacuations and $100 million in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local government was criticized at the time for not having a universal alert system in place to notify residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the city held the last of three resource fairs, where residents were encouraged to sign up for emergency alerts, take a tutorial in preparing sandbags and hear about the \u003ca href=\"https://nextdoor.com/agency-post/ca/santa-clara-county/santa-clara-valley-water-district-1/board-to-review-draft-joint-emergency-action-plan-and-short-term-proposals-for-coyote-creek-project-60830765/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Emergency Action Plan being developed\u003c/a> to prepare for the winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”DSqQx1HHYgVjkrVoyW1I0d5os96X9zCL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents were also asked to vote their preference on different ways the city could contact them in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing for us to write a plan that we think is effective,” said Ray Riordan, San Jose’s director of emergency management. “It’s also important for us to get the feedback from the public and how they think it would be more effective for them to get communications and notifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riordan said over the course of the three meetings, residents have overwhelmingly favored two modes of communication: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-emergency-alerts-wea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wireless Emergency Alert\u003c/a> sent to a cellphone and a loud announcement from a powerful speaker driven through the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other alert systems, Wireless Emergency Alerts do not require users to sign up. Instead they are sent to cellphones in a certain area, like an Amber Alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t like to give their information out, which we respect and understand,” Riordan said. “The WEA alert system goes out using local cell systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After large wildfires broke out in Sonoma County this month, officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/17/feinstein-harris-press-fcc-on-wireless-alert-failures-during-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">faced questions\u003c/a> over why the WEA alerts were not deployed. Napa County was not participating in the WEA program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of Saturday’s resource fair at the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library in downtown San Jose, a slightly less high-tech form of emergency communication was on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626696\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626696 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An outdoor emergency speaker on display in downtown San Jose. \u003ccite>(Guy Marzorati/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large speaker was hoisted on top of a trailer and hooked onto the back of an SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sort of your basic, old-school loudspeaker getting out information,” is how Councilman Raul Peralez described it. “We have the ability to program it in multiple different languages, which we’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose resident India Meisner liked the idea of the WEA alert, but also said that a loudspeaker could be the best way to get in touch with her senior neighbors, who may not have cellphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”y65bbGWF84EZYsZohjy4WsZHaAE4SDlL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be so annoying and so loud that you’d have no choice but to evacuate,” she said. “So it would encourage reluctant people to evacuate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speaker system arrived in San Jose only a couple of weeks ago, but it already went for a successful test run in Santa Rosa, where Ray Riordan brought it to broadcast public health information for residents returning to the Coffey Park neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were able to hear a message on a regular basis about what they needed to be careful of as they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/post-disaster-checklist-returning-home-after-evacuation-order-lifted/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">return home\u003c/a>,” he said. “We can use this system for alert notifications ahead of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose officials said they will use all available forms of communication should a flood or other disaster arise. They also urged residents to prepare their own disaster plans and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/10/heres-what-you-should-have-in-your-emergency-bag/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal kits\u003c/a>, noting the risk of future disasters like more floods, fires or an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being better prepared individually is really one of the best things that we can do,” Peralez said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "San Jose Looks to Residents, North Bay Fires for Flood Preparation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the city of San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley Water District prepare for winter storms, they are garnering feedback from residents on their preferred form of emergency contact, as well as hoping to apply lessons learned from the response to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from the city and the district are hoping that winter rains won’t bring with them a repeat of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/22/the-san-jose-flood-what-went-wrong-and-how-the-city-plans-to-fix-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">February’s disaster in Coyote Creek\u003c/a>, when flooding led to 40,000 evacuations and $100 million in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local government was criticized at the time for not having a universal alert system in place to notify residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the city held the last of three resource fairs, where residents were encouraged to sign up for emergency alerts, take a tutorial in preparing sandbags and hear about the \u003ca href=\"https://nextdoor.com/agency-post/ca/santa-clara-county/santa-clara-valley-water-district-1/board-to-review-draft-joint-emergency-action-plan-and-short-term-proposals-for-coyote-creek-project-60830765/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Emergency Action Plan being developed\u003c/a> to prepare for the winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents were also asked to vote their preference on different ways the city could contact them in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing for us to write a plan that we think is effective,” said Ray Riordan, San Jose’s director of emergency management. “It’s also important for us to get the feedback from the public and how they think it would be more effective for them to get communications and notifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riordan said over the course of the three meetings, residents have overwhelmingly favored two modes of communication: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-emergency-alerts-wea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wireless Emergency Alert\u003c/a> sent to a cellphone and a loud announcement from a powerful speaker driven through the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other alert systems, Wireless Emergency Alerts do not require users to sign up. Instead they are sent to cellphones in a certain area, like an Amber Alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t like to give their information out, which we respect and understand,” Riordan said. “The WEA alert system goes out using local cell systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After large wildfires broke out in Sonoma County this month, officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/17/feinstein-harris-press-fcc-on-wireless-alert-failures-during-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">faced questions\u003c/a> over why the WEA alerts were not deployed. Napa County was not participating in the WEA program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of Saturday’s resource fair at the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library in downtown San Jose, a slightly less high-tech form of emergency communication was on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626696\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626696 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_0702-e1509299903229.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An outdoor emergency speaker on display in downtown San Jose. \u003ccite>(Guy Marzorati/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A large speaker was hoisted on top of a trailer and hooked onto the back of an SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sort of your basic, old-school loudspeaker getting out information,” is how Councilman Raul Peralez described it. “We have the ability to program it in multiple different languages, which we’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose resident India Meisner liked the idea of the WEA alert, but also said that a loudspeaker could be the best way to get in touch with her senior neighbors, who may not have cellphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be so annoying and so loud that you’d have no choice but to evacuate,” she said. “So it would encourage reluctant people to evacuate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speaker system arrived in San Jose only a couple of weeks ago, but it already went for a successful test run in Santa Rosa, where Ray Riordan brought it to broadcast public health information for residents returning to the Coffey Park neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were able to hear a message on a regular basis about what they needed to be careful of as they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/post-disaster-checklist-returning-home-after-evacuation-order-lifted/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">return home\u003c/a>,” he said. “We can use this system for alert notifications ahead of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose officials said they will use all available forms of communication should a flood or other disaster arise. They also urged residents to prepare their own disaster plans and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/10/heres-what-you-should-have-in-your-emergency-bag/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal kits\u003c/a>, noting the risk of future disasters like more floods, fires or an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being better prepared individually is really one of the best things that we can do,” Peralez said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "why-the-explosive-growth-of-e-commerce-could-mean-more-jobs",
"title": "Why the Explosive Growth of E-Commerce Could Mean More Jobs",
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"headTitle": "Why the Explosive Growth of E-Commerce Could Mean More Jobs | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the robots came to online retailer Boxed, dread came, too: The familiar fear that the machines would take over, leaving a trail of unemployed humans in their wake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a lot of people asking me, ‘What is going to happen to us?'” said Veronica Mena, a trainer for the e-commerce startup, recalling the anxiety that rippled through her co-workers after company executives announced plans to open an automated warehouse in nearby Union, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet their fears didn’t come to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the new warehouse opened this spring, workers found that their jobs were less physically demanding than at the older, manual warehouse in Edison, New Jersey. Instead of walking thousands of steps a day loading items onto carts, employees could stand at stations as conveyor belts brought the goods to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And rather than cutting jobs, the company added a third shift to keep up with rapidly growing demand.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”64lyqklsc4dSrrtcpHFBzWupYhmB6TaN”]\u003cbr>\nWhat happened at Boxed — and has occurred elsewhere — suggests that widespread fears about automation and job loss are often misplaced. Automation has actually helped create jobs in e-commerce, rather than eliminate them, and stands to create more in the years ahead. By accelerating delivery times, robotics and software have made online shopping an increasingly viable alternative to brick-and-mortar stores, and sales have ballooned at online retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in e-commerce has required the rapid build-out of a vast network of warehouses and delivery systems that include both robots and human workers. The robots didn’t take jobs from people, because many of the jobs didn’t exist before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not looking to do the same work with half the people,” said Rick Zumpano, vice president for distribution at Boxed. “Since we’re growing, we need everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer robotic technologies do loom as a threat to some e-commerce jobs. Startup robotics companies are developing robot arm prototypes, for example, that can pick goods from shelves. Those devices may replace some workers over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the explosion of e-commerce and the ease of automation are leading e-commerce companies to build more warehouses. So even if each warehouse employs fewer workers, the proliferation of new warehouses is projected to generate hiring across the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=27&v=CQnt95QGtbY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, jobs have been lost at storefront retailers, which have suffered under the e-commerce onslaught. Venerable chains such as Toys R Us, RadioShack, and Payless Shoesource have all filed for bankruptcy this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are widespread fears that things will get only worse for the nation’s 16 million retail workers. Self-checkout kiosks and experimental stores like Amazon’s Go , which has no cashiers, could theoretically eliminate millions of retail jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But worries about a “retail apocalypse” have missed a more important trend: E-commerce actually leads to more jobs by paying people to do things we used to do ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people shop online, tasks that once filled their days — driving to a store, searching through aisles for a product, bringing it to a cashier and paying for it — are now done by warehouse employees and truck drivers. People spend less time shopping than in the past, research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Song, an economist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch who has studied government data, has found that working women are spending less time shopping — nearly 25 hours less per year compared with a decade earlier. Song attributes the time savings mainly to e-commerce. Families increasingly outsource shopping to e-commerce employees, just as many have long outsourced other household tasks to child care workers or house cleaners. In each case, jobs are created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the bankruptcies and store closings in the retail sector aren’t the complete picture. While jobs have been lost in stores, many more have been gained from online shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mandel, an economist at the Progressive Policy Institute, calculates that the number of e-commerce and warehousing jobs has jumped by 400,000 in the past decade, easily offsetting the loss of 140,000 brick-and-mortar retail jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[WarehouseEmploymentGraph]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon accounts for much of the additional employment. Yet it’s also at the vanguard of automation. Since 2014, Amazon has deployed 100,000 robots in 25 warehouses worldwide. At the same time, it’s nearly tripled its hourly workforce, from roughly 45,000 to nearly 125,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its use of robotics has shaved the operating costs for a warehouse by about 20 percent, according to a report by Deutsche Bank. Such savings, in turn, have lowered the cost for Amazon to open new facilities — and hire more workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mandel points out that it’s a lot like what happened more than a 100 years ago, when Henry Ford’s installation of assembly lines — an early form of automation — helped reduce the price of cars, which boosted demand so much that Ford needed more workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robots have displaced many manufacturing workers in the past two to three decades, enabling factories to produce more with fewer employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet e-commerce and warehousing are growing far faster than manufacturing is — a crucial difference that lessens the impact of automation. E-commerce sales are surging roughly five times as fast as storefront retail sales, according to market research firm Forrester. By 2022, they’re expected to account for 17 percent of all retail sales, up from 13 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”JGMzvuK1EivhBdZgXRmVGQCASPgQHmxr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a handful of distribution centers in 2000, Amazon now has more than 240 warehouses and smaller delivery facilities, according to MWPVL, a consulting firm. Those warehouses have created tens of thousands of jobs and boosted wages in some communities, which many local employers call “the Amazon effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Amazon is not the only company that has experienced growth due to e-commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, recently opened its sixth e-commerce campus near Orlando, Florida. Like the others, it includes a million square foot warehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart is also expanding its online grocery pickup service to 2,000 stores, double the 1,000 where it is now available. It allows Walmart’s customers to order groceries online, but requires more workers, not fewer. Ravi Jariwala, a spokesman, says Walmart has created a new job classification — “personal shopper” — to do what customers once did themselves: Pick and package orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And XPO Logistics, which ships mostly appliances and other heavy goods, has hired 3,000 warehouse workers in the past year to keep up with growing e-commerce, bringing its total to 26,000. It’s adding a million square feet of warehouse about every four to six weeks, says Ashfaque Chowdhury, president of XPO’s supply chain in the Americas and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chowdhury says items that many people wouldn’t have felt comfortable buying on the internet not long ago — from refrigerators to treadmills to furniture — are becoming routine online purchases. And the company is also planning to open a million square foot warehouse in the Midwest exclusively to handle returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s less lifting to do. There are a lot of little things that make the job better.’ \u003ccite>Veronica Mena, warehouse employee for e-commerce start-up Boxed\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All these trends have been helped by automation’s ability to hold down costs, such as Walmart’s use of drones to help track its warehouse inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a tour of Boxed’s gleaming new warehouse in Union makes it easy to see why people worry that automation costs jobs. Everywhere you look you see machines and rows of neatly organized pallets of goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so many workers. Through the 140,000-square-foot building, two miles of conveyor belts quietly whisk plastic bins containing customers’ orders. One machine stamps mailing labels on boxes. Spread thinly along the conveyor belts, roughly three dozen workers operate on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first stops on the conveyor is a four-story-high robotic contraption known as “Perfect Pick.” It enables one employee filling orders to choose from 700 items. An automated container, the iBOT, zips up and down and back and forth among the Perfect Pick’s shelves, where products are stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The iBOT retrieves small items — health and beauty products and snack foods — and brings them to the employee, who places them in bins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Amazon’s much larger warehouse in Baltimore, there are more workers, but also a lot more robots. They lift shelves of goods and roll them to the company’s pickers, who select items that customers have ordered before the robots return the shelves to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11496913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11496913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon’s orange robots move items all over the company’s Tracy fulfillment center, increasing efficiency and helping speed stuff to consumers. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even so, there are still jobs at both warehouses for people to do. At Boxed, the bins glide from the Perfect Pick to other employees, who select additional items to complete an order. A separate group, the packers, puts everything in pastel-hued boxes for shipment. Fitting multiple items of different shapes and textures into a box is something people still do much better than robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Ward, 56, is a packer at Boxed, and like all her colleagues, she writes a thank-you note for each order she packages. It’s part of Boxed’s effort to preserve some aspects of the conventional shopping experience. When a customer has ordered diapers, a packer might write a congratulatory note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Amazon’s Baltimore warehouse, employees called “stowers” are needed to stock the shelves that are carried by robots. And that requires human judgment: Software suggests to workers where each item should be placed. But it’s an employee’s responsibility to make sure the shelves, which are tall and narrow, remain balanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also “problem solvers” who position themselves near a scale on a conveyor belt that weighs each package as it whizzes by. If the weight isn’t consistent with what’s supposed to be in the box, the package is set aside for a problem solver, who opens the box to see whether the order was filled correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warehouse covers the equivalent of 17 football fields and was opened in 2015, one of the first to be designed with robots in mind. Still, it employs 5,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon and Boxed say their automated warehouses actually employ more workers than their non-automated warehouses do, because they handle far more volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many employees say all the technology and machinery has made their jobs better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11383243\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11383243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This baby shop in Oakland closed its doors in late 2016, due to competition from online retailer, Amazon. \u003ccite>(Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mena, 34, vastly prefers Boxed’s new facility to the manual warehouses where she previously worked. At one warehouse, owned by a medical equipment manufacturer, Mena says she would walk 15,000 steps a day to fill orders, according to her Fitbit. That’s about 7.5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s less lifting to do,” she adds, now that goods are moved by conveyor belt rather than carts. “There are a lot of little things that make the job better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with Boxed growing rapidly, she was promoted to trainer less than a year after starting as a temporary employee picking orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward, meanwhile, says she expects to be able to work longer at Boxed because her job is less physically demanding, thanks to automation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jobs are growing off the warehouse floor, as well. The explosion of online commerce is also building demand for higher-paying jobs in software and robotics. Nearly 14 percent of software job listings are now posted by retailers, according to data analyzed by Glassdoor, the job recruitment website. That share has doubled from 2012, says Andrew Chamberlain, Glassdoor’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the software jobs are not as concentrated in places like Silicon Valley. Dallas, for example, has experienced a surge in software jobs, partly because of greater hiring by Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a huge change,” Chamberlain said. “Software-related jobs are a bellwether of automation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s career website lists nearly 5,000 open software jobs and 250 in machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence. Walmart is advertising 475 software and technology jobs, including data analysts, programmers, and software engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These aren’t folks who just maintain websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a customer shops on Boxed’s website, software calculates what size box will be needed and how much empty space it will contain, Zumpano said. Just before checkout, the website will recommend products that would fill the box’s empty space, yet not so many that the order would require another box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automation and robotics will only get more sophisticated in the future, which will threaten some jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon runs an annual “picking” contest in which mostly startup firms and universities compete to see which team’s robot can most efficiently pick items from a shelf and place them in a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s going to happen next is robotic arms, combined with vision technology and suction technology,” says Marc Wulfraat, president of MWVPL, a consulting firm. “You can be darn sure that Amazon will take the first swing at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You’re going to need distribution facilities in the backyard of every city.’ \u003ccite>Marc Wulfraat, president of MWVPL, a consulting firm\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But it could take several years for such robots to be put into widespread use. For now, they work mostly with items in boxes and other rigid shapes, Wulfraat says. They can’t yet handle bulkier items such as basketballs or softer items like clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Robotic hand technology is still pretty far off,” says Boxed CEO Chieh Huang. The company recently installed robots in its three other manual warehouses to transport goods to workers, as an alternative to conveyor belts. They didn’t lay off any employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mandel argues that if additional automation, such as robotic pickers, lowers costs further, it could create new markets for products and services, such as custom-made goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wulfraat predicts that hundreds of smaller warehouses will be built in large cities to shorten delivery times to as low as an hour, particularly for groceries. Amazon already has 53 such facilities, and its competitors will be forced to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going to need distribution facilities in the backyard of every city,” Wulfraat says. Those facilities will be smaller and cheaper and won’t be worth fully automating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automation is also more likely in the coming years to make up for labor shortages rather than replace workers, Wulfraat says. Companies such as Target and Walmart have had to announce widespread pay increases in the past two years to attract and keep employees, a sign of a tighter job market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many warehouse operators he works with anticipate the problem will only grow worse as baby boomers age and increasingly retire, Wulfraat says. Any warehouse workers displaced by automation will easily find jobs elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see hundreds of thousands of workers unemployed and on the street,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For many e-commerce companies like Amazon, more automation means more demand which creates more jobs.",
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"title": "Why the Explosive Growth of E-Commerce Could Mean More Jobs | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the robots came to online retailer Boxed, dread came, too: The familiar fear that the machines would take over, leaving a trail of unemployed humans in their wake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a lot of people asking me, ‘What is going to happen to us?'” said Veronica Mena, a trainer for the e-commerce startup, recalling the anxiety that rippled through her co-workers after company executives announced plans to open an automated warehouse in nearby Union, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet their fears didn’t come to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the new warehouse opened this spring, workers found that their jobs were less physically demanding than at the older, manual warehouse in Edison, New Jersey. Instead of walking thousands of steps a day loading items onto carts, employees could stand at stations as conveyor belts brought the goods to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And rather than cutting jobs, the company added a third shift to keep up with rapidly growing demand.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nWhat happened at Boxed — and has occurred elsewhere — suggests that widespread fears about automation and job loss are often misplaced. Automation has actually helped create jobs in e-commerce, rather than eliminate them, and stands to create more in the years ahead. By accelerating delivery times, robotics and software have made online shopping an increasingly viable alternative to brick-and-mortar stores, and sales have ballooned at online retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in e-commerce has required the rapid build-out of a vast network of warehouses and delivery systems that include both robots and human workers. The robots didn’t take jobs from people, because many of the jobs didn’t exist before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not looking to do the same work with half the people,” said Rick Zumpano, vice president for distribution at Boxed. “Since we’re growing, we need everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer robotic technologies do loom as a threat to some e-commerce jobs. Startup robotics companies are developing robot arm prototypes, for example, that can pick goods from shelves. Those devices may replace some workers over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the explosion of e-commerce and the ease of automation are leading e-commerce companies to build more warehouses. So even if each warehouse employs fewer workers, the proliferation of new warehouses is projected to generate hiring across the industry.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CQnt95QGtbY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CQnt95QGtbY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In the meantime, jobs have been lost at storefront retailers, which have suffered under the e-commerce onslaught. Venerable chains such as Toys R Us, RadioShack, and Payless Shoesource have all filed for bankruptcy this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are widespread fears that things will get only worse for the nation’s 16 million retail workers. Self-checkout kiosks and experimental stores like Amazon’s Go , which has no cashiers, could theoretically eliminate millions of retail jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But worries about a “retail apocalypse” have missed a more important trend: E-commerce actually leads to more jobs by paying people to do things we used to do ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people shop online, tasks that once filled their days — driving to a store, searching through aisles for a product, bringing it to a cashier and paying for it — are now done by warehouse employees and truck drivers. People spend less time shopping than in the past, research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Song, an economist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch who has studied government data, has found that working women are spending less time shopping — nearly 25 hours less per year compared with a decade earlier. Song attributes the time savings mainly to e-commerce. Families increasingly outsource shopping to e-commerce employees, just as many have long outsourced other household tasks to child care workers or house cleaners. In each case, jobs are created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the bankruptcies and store closings in the retail sector aren’t the complete picture. While jobs have been lost in stores, many more have been gained from online shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mandel, an economist at the Progressive Policy Institute, calculates that the number of e-commerce and warehousing jobs has jumped by 400,000 in the past decade, easily offsetting the loss of 140,000 brick-and-mortar retail jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[WarehouseEmploymentGraph]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon accounts for much of the additional employment. Yet it’s also at the vanguard of automation. Since 2014, Amazon has deployed 100,000 robots in 25 warehouses worldwide. At the same time, it’s nearly tripled its hourly workforce, from roughly 45,000 to nearly 125,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its use of robotics has shaved the operating costs for a warehouse by about 20 percent, according to a report by Deutsche Bank. Such savings, in turn, have lowered the cost for Amazon to open new facilities — and hire more workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mandel points out that it’s a lot like what happened more than a 100 years ago, when Henry Ford’s installation of assembly lines — an early form of automation — helped reduce the price of cars, which boosted demand so much that Ford needed more workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robots have displaced many manufacturing workers in the past two to three decades, enabling factories to produce more with fewer employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet e-commerce and warehousing are growing far faster than manufacturing is — a crucial difference that lessens the impact of automation. E-commerce sales are surging roughly five times as fast as storefront retail sales, according to market research firm Forrester. By 2022, they’re expected to account for 17 percent of all retail sales, up from 13 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a handful of distribution centers in 2000, Amazon now has more than 240 warehouses and smaller delivery facilities, according to MWPVL, a consulting firm. Those warehouses have created tens of thousands of jobs and boosted wages in some communities, which many local employers call “the Amazon effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Amazon is not the only company that has experienced growth due to e-commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, recently opened its sixth e-commerce campus near Orlando, Florida. Like the others, it includes a million square foot warehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart is also expanding its online grocery pickup service to 2,000 stores, double the 1,000 where it is now available. It allows Walmart’s customers to order groceries online, but requires more workers, not fewer. Ravi Jariwala, a spokesman, says Walmart has created a new job classification — “personal shopper” — to do what customers once did themselves: Pick and package orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And XPO Logistics, which ships mostly appliances and other heavy goods, has hired 3,000 warehouse workers in the past year to keep up with growing e-commerce, bringing its total to 26,000. It’s adding a million square feet of warehouse about every four to six weeks, says Ashfaque Chowdhury, president of XPO’s supply chain in the Americas and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chowdhury says items that many people wouldn’t have felt comfortable buying on the internet not long ago — from refrigerators to treadmills to furniture — are becoming routine online purchases. And the company is also planning to open a million square foot warehouse in the Midwest exclusively to handle returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s less lifting to do. There are a lot of little things that make the job better.’ \u003ccite>Veronica Mena, warehouse employee for e-commerce start-up Boxed\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All these trends have been helped by automation’s ability to hold down costs, such as Walmart’s use of drones to help track its warehouse inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a tour of Boxed’s gleaming new warehouse in Union makes it easy to see why people worry that automation costs jobs. Everywhere you look you see machines and rows of neatly organized pallets of goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so many workers. Through the 140,000-square-foot building, two miles of conveyor belts quietly whisk plastic bins containing customers’ orders. One machine stamps mailing labels on boxes. Spread thinly along the conveyor belts, roughly three dozen workers operate on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the first stops on the conveyor is a four-story-high robotic contraption known as “Perfect Pick.” It enables one employee filling orders to choose from 700 items. An automated container, the iBOT, zips up and down and back and forth among the Perfect Pick’s shelves, where products are stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The iBOT retrieves small items — health and beauty products and snack foods — and brings them to the employee, who places them in bins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Amazon’s much larger warehouse in Baltimore, there are more workers, but also a lot more robots. They lift shelves of goods and roll them to the company’s pickers, who select items that customers have ordered before the robots return the shelves to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11496913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11496913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25568_DC_3-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon’s orange robots move items all over the company’s Tracy fulfillment center, increasing efficiency and helping speed stuff to consumers. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even so, there are still jobs at both warehouses for people to do. At Boxed, the bins glide from the Perfect Pick to other employees, who select additional items to complete an order. A separate group, the packers, puts everything in pastel-hued boxes for shipment. Fitting multiple items of different shapes and textures into a box is something people still do much better than robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Ward, 56, is a packer at Boxed, and like all her colleagues, she writes a thank-you note for each order she packages. It’s part of Boxed’s effort to preserve some aspects of the conventional shopping experience. When a customer has ordered diapers, a packer might write a congratulatory note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Amazon’s Baltimore warehouse, employees called “stowers” are needed to stock the shelves that are carried by robots. And that requires human judgment: Software suggests to workers where each item should be placed. But it’s an employee’s responsibility to make sure the shelves, which are tall and narrow, remain balanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also “problem solvers” who position themselves near a scale on a conveyor belt that weighs each package as it whizzes by. If the weight isn’t consistent with what’s supposed to be in the box, the package is set aside for a problem solver, who opens the box to see whether the order was filled correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warehouse covers the equivalent of 17 football fields and was opened in 2015, one of the first to be designed with robots in mind. Still, it employs 5,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon and Boxed say their automated warehouses actually employ more workers than their non-automated warehouses do, because they handle far more volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many employees say all the technology and machinery has made their jobs better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11383243\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11383243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Watt_Local-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This baby shop in Oakland closed its doors in late 2016, due to competition from online retailer, Amazon. \u003ccite>(Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mena, 34, vastly prefers Boxed’s new facility to the manual warehouses where she previously worked. At one warehouse, owned by a medical equipment manufacturer, Mena says she would walk 15,000 steps a day to fill orders, according to her Fitbit. That’s about 7.5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s less lifting to do,” she adds, now that goods are moved by conveyor belt rather than carts. “There are a lot of little things that make the job better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with Boxed growing rapidly, she was promoted to trainer less than a year after starting as a temporary employee picking orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward, meanwhile, says she expects to be able to work longer at Boxed because her job is less physically demanding, thanks to automation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jobs are growing off the warehouse floor, as well. The explosion of online commerce is also building demand for higher-paying jobs in software and robotics. Nearly 14 percent of software job listings are now posted by retailers, according to data analyzed by Glassdoor, the job recruitment website. That share has doubled from 2012, says Andrew Chamberlain, Glassdoor’s chief economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the software jobs are not as concentrated in places like Silicon Valley. Dallas, for example, has experienced a surge in software jobs, partly because of greater hiring by Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a huge change,” Chamberlain said. “Software-related jobs are a bellwether of automation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s career website lists nearly 5,000 open software jobs and 250 in machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence. Walmart is advertising 475 software and technology jobs, including data analysts, programmers, and software engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These aren’t folks who just maintain websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a customer shops on Boxed’s website, software calculates what size box will be needed and how much empty space it will contain, Zumpano said. Just before checkout, the website will recommend products that would fill the box’s empty space, yet not so many that the order would require another box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automation and robotics will only get more sophisticated in the future, which will threaten some jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon runs an annual “picking” contest in which mostly startup firms and universities compete to see which team’s robot can most efficiently pick items from a shelf and place them in a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s going to happen next is robotic arms, combined with vision technology and suction technology,” says Marc Wulfraat, president of MWVPL, a consulting firm. “You can be darn sure that Amazon will take the first swing at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You’re going to need distribution facilities in the backyard of every city.’ \u003ccite>Marc Wulfraat, president of MWVPL, a consulting firm\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But it could take several years for such robots to be put into widespread use. For now, they work mostly with items in boxes and other rigid shapes, Wulfraat says. They can’t yet handle bulkier items such as basketballs or softer items like clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Robotic hand technology is still pretty far off,” says Boxed CEO Chieh Huang. The company recently installed robots in its three other manual warehouses to transport goods to workers, as an alternative to conveyor belts. They didn’t lay off any employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mandel argues that if additional automation, such as robotic pickers, lowers costs further, it could create new markets for products and services, such as custom-made goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wulfraat predicts that hundreds of smaller warehouses will be built in large cities to shorten delivery times to as low as an hour, particularly for groceries. Amazon already has 53 such facilities, and its competitors will be forced to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going to need distribution facilities in the backyard of every city,” Wulfraat says. Those facilities will be smaller and cheaper and won’t be worth fully automating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automation is also more likely in the coming years to make up for labor shortages rather than replace workers, Wulfraat says. Companies such as Target and Walmart have had to announce widespread pay increases in the past two years to attract and keep employees, a sign of a tighter job market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many warehouse operators he works with anticipate the problem will only grow worse as baby boomers age and increasingly retire, Wulfraat says. Any warehouse workers displaced by automation will easily find jobs elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ahmet Ustunel remembers his daily commute to high school well. He’d wake up at home, on the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey, a city that straddles two continents. Then he would take a ferry across the Bosphorus Strait to the European side of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After boarding the ferry, Ustunel liked to buy tea and sesame bread, and take it outside on the deck. He’d stand at the railing, feeling the spray of the water on his face and listening for nearby boats. Ustunel has been blind since he was 3 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I used to think one day, this strait, Bosphorus, should be more accessible to blind swimmers, blind surfers or sailors,” Ustunel said. “People should be able to see blind people using boats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 11 years, Ustunel has lived in the U.S., and finally he’s making good on that high school aspiration. He plans to return to his homeland next summer, to be one of those blind people using a boat on the waters off Turkey. His goal is to kayak solo across the Bosphorus Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘Blind Captain,’ Inspired by a Mythological Blind Navigator\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/BlindKayaker.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Ahmet1-1180x637.jpg\" Title=\"The Water Belongs to Everyone, and This Blind Kayaker Will Prove It\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel lost his sight because of eye cancer when he was a child, but that never kept him away from the water. He spent afternoons fishing with his father, and summers swimming in the Black Sea, where his grandmother had a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he’s 37 and still loves being on the water. But instead of going out in another person’s boat, Ustunel wants to go out on his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel first became inspired to captain his own boat in high school, while studying Greek mythology. Ustunel remembers one myth about a blind navigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this blind king called Phineus, and he used to live on the north side of the Bosphorus,” he recalled. “His mission was guiding sailors in the dark safely to the Black Sea from the Mediterranean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phineus, although mythical, became a role model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was in college, Ustunel met an American woman whom he eventually married. After moving to the U.S. so the couple could be together, they decided to leave his wife’s Midwestern hometown and settle in San Francisco, in part because of Ustunel’s love of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair started kayaking in a two-person boat, and his wife would steer. Sometimes, Ustunel would kayak solo, but he’d go along with a group, and ask a sighted friend to wear bells so Ustunel could hear and follow as they paddled across the water. But his desire to kayak independently persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626481\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-800x445.jpg\" alt=\"Ustunel paddles his kayak solo on San Francisco's Lake Merced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-800x445.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1020x567.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1180x656.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-960x534.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1038x576.jpg 1038w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-520x289.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ustunel paddles his kayak solo on San Francisco’s Lake Merced. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, he saw an opportunity that could make this possible: A nonprofit launched a new award to fund blind and visually impaired people undertaking adventures. \u003ca href=\"https://www.holmanprize.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Holman Prize for Blind Ambition\u003c/a> offers grants of up to $25,000 to accomplish a bold project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization behind the prize,\u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, received over 200 applications from 27 countries. They finally whittled down the winners to three individuals. In addition to Ustunel, the other prize recipients were a Ugandan beekeeper hoping to expand job opportunities for other visually impaired people, and a British baker hoping to travel with her prize money and connect people across cultures through food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LightHouse has been able to fund these creative projects after receiving an unexpected gift of $125 million from a Seattle businessman upon his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ustunel, the money will help him buy the right kind of kayak and the instruments he will use to navigate. He’s documenting his training process on his \u003ca href=\"http://theblindcaptain.com/\">website\u003c/a>, where he calls himself “The Blind Captain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you kayak if you can’t see?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ustunel says the first thing is to use your other senses, which can convey lots of information. When he nears the shore, Ustunel smells plants or flowers. If it’s rained recently, the land produces an earthy scent from the soil, called petrichor. If Ustunel is out on the open water, he will sometimes sense a smell similar to watermelon. He thinks this might be a kind of seaweed scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel also uses his ears to locate people, construction or cars. These sounds mean he’s close to shore. When he’s out farther in the water, he mostly just hears birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to cross the Bosphorus, Ustunel will need more than just his senses. His journey will be just over 3 miles, but the strait is one of the busiest shipping channels in the world: the waters are dangerously crowded with huge freighters and tankers, alongside small ferries and fishing boats. And the currents are strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Ustunel will need gadgets that can tell him exactly where he is and what’s around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"Ferry boats criss-cross the Bosphorus Strait off Istanbul, one of the world's busiest shipping channels. Crossing it safely is a huge challenge for a blind kayaker.\" width=\"800\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferries criss-cross the Bosphorus Strait off Istanbul, one of the world’s busiest shipping channels. Crossing it safely is a huge challenge for a blind kayaker. \u003ccite>(OZAN KOSE/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare, Ustunel is training in a variety of waterways, including Tomales Bay, San Francisco Bay and Lake Merritt in Oakland. And he’s testing new technology every time he goes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Tuesday, he launched on the calm waters of San Francisco’s tiny Lake Merced. He got there by taking a public city bus for people with disabilities. Once at the lake, he rolled his suitcase to the end of the dock and popped it open. Inside, he had a black-and-yellow kayak, neatly folded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After inflating the boat, Ustunel took his white-and-red cane and stuck it on the back, like a flagpole. This cane is a symbol, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a blind guy kayaking, raising awareness,” Ustunel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ahmet Ustunel sets up his kayak with many gadgets to help him navigate the water. He attaches his white cane to his boat to indicate that he is blind.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ahmet Ustunel sets up his kayak with many gadgets to help him navigate the water. He attaches his white cane to his boat to indicate that he is blind. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With his red life jacket zipped up, he climbed into his boat and pushed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the lake, there was a loud road, which Ustunel used as a landmark, steering toward the sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he pulled out his smartphone. Like all his devices, he has it set to play at double speed for maximum efficiency. In a fast, robotic tone, the GPS device on his phone told him his coordinates, and Ustunel decided to head south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the GPS on his phone, Ustunel placed another on the back of his kayak, just behind his seat. He refers to that one as “Mr. Beep.” It beeped slowly and steadily when Ustunel was correctly following a pre-programmed route, and quickly to alert him if he drifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Ustunel uses an app that connects him to a sighted volunteer who can look through the camera on his phone and tell him what's around him.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-1020x556.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-240x131.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-375x204.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-520x283.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ustunel uses an app that connects him to a sighted volunteer who can look through the camera on his phone and tell him what’s around him. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ustunel’s kayak is powered by foot pedals, which allow him to keep his hands free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the water, he also tested a sonar used by fishers to find fish. Ustunel instead used this to scan the water in front of him for objects or debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when he wanted even more information, Ustunel opened an app on his phone that connected him to a sighted person, a volunteer who could be anywhere in the world, who could look through the camera on his phone and see for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular volunteer was in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” a female voice said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi,” responded Ustunel. “I am on a kayak on a lake and I want to know what’s around me. I hear a street on my right. Can you see the street?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tools Ustunel uses are prototypes. He is providing feedback to engineers who will tweak the devices so that other people who are blind can use them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel is not a stranger to helping other blind and visually impaired people access opportunities. This is what he does in his day job as a teacher of visually impaired students in San Francisco public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent school day he met privately with Ethan, a 15-year-old who Ustunel was helping write a letter to the city about an intersection that’s not accessible for blind people. Together Ustunel and his student went over a draft of the letter. A computer program read it out loud. The pair made tweaks and spell-checked the document. Then, they agreed, it was ready to send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, Ustunel says he teaches because when he was young, he had trouble finding role models. He took whatever he could get — even mythological Greek kings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now times have changed, and it’s much easier to find blind heroes, because they’re walking around us every day. Or maybe they’re kayaking on a nearby lake. Just look for the white-tipped cane jutting out the back.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "The Water Belongs to Everyone, and This Blind Kayaker Will Prove It",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ahmet Ustunel remembers his daily commute to high school well. He’d wake up at home, on the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey, a city that straddles two continents. Then he would take a ferry across the Bosphorus Strait to the European side of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After boarding the ferry, Ustunel liked to buy tea and sesame bread, and take it outside on the deck. He’d stand at the railing, feeling the spray of the water on his face and listening for nearby boats. Ustunel has been blind since he was 3 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I used to think one day, this strait, Bosphorus, should be more accessible to blind swimmers, blind surfers or sailors,” Ustunel said. “People should be able to see blind people using boats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 11 years, Ustunel has lived in the U.S., and finally he’s making good on that high school aspiration. He plans to return to his homeland next summer, to be one of those blind people using a boat on the waters off Turkey. His goal is to kayak solo across the Bosphorus Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘Blind Captain,’ Inspired by a Mythological Blind Navigator\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel lost his sight because of eye cancer when he was a child, but that never kept him away from the water. He spent afternoons fishing with his father, and summers swimming in the Black Sea, where his grandmother had a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he’s 37 and still loves being on the water. But instead of going out in another person’s boat, Ustunel wants to go out on his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel first became inspired to captain his own boat in high school, while studying Greek mythology. Ustunel remembers one myth about a blind navigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this blind king called Phineus, and he used to live on the north side of the Bosphorus,” he recalled. “His mission was guiding sailors in the dark safely to the Black Sea from the Mediterranean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phineus, although mythical, became a role model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was in college, Ustunel met an American woman whom he eventually married. After moving to the U.S. so the couple could be together, they decided to leave his wife’s Midwestern hometown and settle in San Francisco, in part because of Ustunel’s love of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair started kayaking in a two-person boat, and his wife would steer. Sometimes, Ustunel would kayak solo, but he’d go along with a group, and ask a sighted friend to wear bells so Ustunel could hear and follow as they paddled across the water. But his desire to kayak independently persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626481\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-800x445.jpg\" alt=\"Ustunel paddles his kayak solo on San Francisco's Lake Merced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-800x445.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1020x567.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1180x656.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-960x534.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-1038x576.jpg 1038w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-375x209.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonKayak-520x289.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ustunel paddles his kayak solo on San Francisco’s Lake Merced. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, he saw an opportunity that could make this possible: A nonprofit launched a new award to fund blind and visually impaired people undertaking adventures. \u003ca href=\"https://www.holmanprize.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Holman Prize for Blind Ambition\u003c/a> offers grants of up to $25,000 to accomplish a bold project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization behind the prize,\u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, received over 200 applications from 27 countries. They finally whittled down the winners to three individuals. In addition to Ustunel, the other prize recipients were a Ugandan beekeeper hoping to expand job opportunities for other visually impaired people, and a British baker hoping to travel with her prize money and connect people across cultures through food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LightHouse has been able to fund these creative projects after receiving an unexpected gift of $125 million from a Seattle businessman upon his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ustunel, the money will help him buy the right kind of kayak and the instruments he will use to navigate. He’s documenting his training process on his \u003ca href=\"http://theblindcaptain.com/\">website\u003c/a>, where he calls himself “The Blind Captain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you kayak if you can’t see?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ustunel says the first thing is to use your other senses, which can convey lots of information. When he nears the shore, Ustunel smells plants or flowers. If it’s rained recently, the land produces an earthy scent from the soil, called petrichor. If Ustunel is out on the open water, he will sometimes sense a smell similar to watermelon. He thinks this might be a kind of seaweed scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel also uses his ears to locate people, construction or cars. These sounds mean he’s close to shore. When he’s out farther in the water, he mostly just hears birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to cross the Bosphorus, Ustunel will need more than just his senses. His journey will be just over 3 miles, but the strait is one of the busiest shipping channels in the world: the waters are dangerously crowded with huge freighters and tankers, alongside small ferries and fishing boats. And the currents are strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Ustunel will need gadgets that can tell him exactly where he is and what’s around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-800x547.jpg\" alt=\"Ferry boats criss-cross the Bosphorus Strait off Istanbul, one of the world's busiest shipping channels. Crossing it safely is a huge challenge for a blind kayaker.\" width=\"800\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Bosphorous-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferries criss-cross the Bosphorus Strait off Istanbul, one of the world’s busiest shipping channels. Crossing it safely is a huge challenge for a blind kayaker. \u003ccite>(OZAN KOSE/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare, Ustunel is training in a variety of waterways, including Tomales Bay, San Francisco Bay and Lake Merritt in Oakland. And he’s testing new technology every time he goes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Tuesday, he launched on the calm waters of San Francisco’s tiny Lake Merced. He got there by taking a public city bus for people with disabilities. Once at the lake, he rolled his suitcase to the end of the dock and popped it open. Inside, he had a black-and-yellow kayak, neatly folded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After inflating the boat, Ustunel took his white-and-red cane and stuck it on the back, like a flagpole. This cane is a symbol, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a blind guy kayaking, raising awareness,” Ustunel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ahmet Ustunel sets up his kayak with many gadgets to help him navigate the water. He attaches his white cane to his boat to indicate that he is blind.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27757_IMG_7449-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ahmet Ustunel sets up his kayak with many gadgets to help him navigate the water. He attaches his white cane to his boat to indicate that he is blind. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With his red life jacket zipped up, he climbed into his boat and pushed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the lake, there was a loud road, which Ustunel used as a landmark, steering toward the sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he pulled out his smartphone. Like all his devices, he has it set to play at double speed for maximum efficiency. In a fast, robotic tone, the GPS device on his phone told him his coordinates, and Ustunel decided to head south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the GPS on his phone, Ustunel placed another on the back of his kayak, just behind his seat. He refers to that one as “Mr. Beep.” It beeped slowly and steadily when Ustunel was correctly following a pre-programmed route, and quickly to alert him if he drifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Ustunel uses an app that connects him to a sighted volunteer who can look through the camera on his phone and tell him what's around him.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-1020x556.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-240x131.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-375x204.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/AhmetonNav-520x283.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ustunel uses an app that connects him to a sighted volunteer who can look through the camera on his phone and tell him what’s around him. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ustunel’s kayak is powered by foot pedals, which allow him to keep his hands free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the water, he also tested a sonar used by fishers to find fish. Ustunel instead used this to scan the water in front of him for objects or debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when he wanted even more information, Ustunel opened an app on his phone that connected him to a sighted person, a volunteer who could be anywhere in the world, who could look through the camera on his phone and see for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular volunteer was in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” a female voice said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi,” responded Ustunel. “I am on a kayak on a lake and I want to know what’s around me. I hear a street on my right. Can you see the street?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tools Ustunel uses are prototypes. He is providing feedback to engineers who will tweak the devices so that other people who are blind can use them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ustunel is not a stranger to helping other blind and visually impaired people access opportunities. This is what he does in his day job as a teacher of visually impaired students in San Francisco public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent school day he met privately with Ethan, a 15-year-old who Ustunel was helping write a letter to the city about an intersection that’s not accessible for blind people. Together Ustunel and his student went over a draft of the letter. A computer program read it out loud. The pair made tweaks and spell-checked the document. Then, they agreed, it was ready to send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, Ustunel says he teaches because when he was young, he had trouble finding role models. He took whatever he could get — even mythological Greek kings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now times have changed, and it’s much easier to find blind heroes, because they’re walking around us every day. Or maybe they’re kayaking on a nearby lake. Just look for the white-tipped cane jutting out the back.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Bans Ads From Russian State Media, Citing Election Interference Efforts",
"title": "Twitter Bans Ads From Russian State Media, Citing Election Interference Efforts",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A pair of Russian state media organizations will no longer be able to advertise on Twitter, the company said Thursday -- a direct result of their role in Russian interference in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement took place less than a week before much-anticipated hearings on Capitol Hill at which representatives from Facebook, Twitter, and Google are expected to be grilled by lawmakers about how Russia used their platforms as part of its influence campaign in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter's decision to suspend advertising by Russia Today, or RT, and the news agency Sputnik is \"effective immediately,\" the company \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/company/2017/Announcement-RT-and-Sputnik-Advertising.html\">announced in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DI7eisalYecqtzigbnSaby5seMdchGh3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Early this year, the U.S. intelligence community named RT and Sputnik as implementing state-sponsored Russian efforts to interfere with and disrupt the 2016 presidential election, which is not something we want on Twitter,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of the Director of National Intelligence referred to RT and Sputnik specifically in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf\">report in January\u003c/a> as organizations that \"contributed to the influence campaign by serving as a platform for Kremlin messaging to Russian and international audiences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter pointed to that report in announcing the decision, as did California Rep. Adam Schiff, the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, in praising it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter's decision should prevent these entities from pushing Russian propaganda in front of users who may not realize the manner in which Russia employs both RT and Sputnik to spread disinformation and undermine democracies around the world,\" Schiff said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian government, as well as RT, responded immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told state media that the move was a violation of international laws that \"guarantee the freedom of speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that \"retaliatory measures will naturally follow,\" a message echoed by RT's editor-in-chief, Margarita Simonyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought that Twitter is under the control of the U.S. security services — it seemed like a conspiracy theory. But now Twitter appears to have admitted it,\" Simonyan said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rt.com/news/407861-twitter-policy-rt-accounts/\">to another state media agency\u003c/a>. \"This is highly regrettable. It is particularly regrettable that now U.S. media operating in Russia will feel the tender response of the Russian authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Rz4QdI6uAcvXT9YRlm9ejA5N9N63x4TW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RT has also been involved in a back-and-forth with the Justice Department, over whether it should register its American arm under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fara.gov/quick-search.html\">Foreign Agents Registration Act. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so would require the company to disclose funding information and be more outwardly transparent about its relationship with the Russian government, but \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/19/media/rt-fara-registration/index.html\">as CNN reports\u003c/a>, despite a mid-October deadline request by the DOJ, there's no sign RT is planning on registering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RT and Sputnik will be allowed to remain regular users of Twitter -- in other words, to post with normal accounts -- but they won't be allowed to pay to promote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter added in its statement that the company would be donating the $1.9 million it is projected to have received from RT since 2011 to fund external research into the impact of Twitter on elections, with a focus on \"malicious\" automated bots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also vowed this week that it would launch an \"industry-leading\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/25/559905735/under-congressional-microscope-twitter-vows-new-transparency-on-ads\">transparency site\u003c/a> about who buys ads on its service and what messages are involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Bans+Ads+From+Russian+State+Media%2C+Citing+Election+Interference+Efforts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The San Francisco-based microblog service announced the move 'effective immediately' ahead of a congressional hearing about Russia's use of social media in its influence campaign.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A pair of Russian state media organizations will no longer be able to advertise on Twitter, the company said Thursday -- a direct result of their role in Russian interference in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement took place less than a week before much-anticipated hearings on Capitol Hill at which representatives from Facebook, Twitter, and Google are expected to be grilled by lawmakers about how Russia used their platforms as part of its influence campaign in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter's decision to suspend advertising by Russia Today, or RT, and the news agency Sputnik is \"effective immediately,\" the company \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/company/2017/Announcement-RT-and-Sputnik-Advertising.html\">announced in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Early this year, the U.S. intelligence community named RT and Sputnik as implementing state-sponsored Russian efforts to interfere with and disrupt the 2016 presidential election, which is not something we want on Twitter,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of the Director of National Intelligence referred to RT and Sputnik specifically in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf\">report in January\u003c/a> as organizations that \"contributed to the influence campaign by serving as a platform for Kremlin messaging to Russian and international audiences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter pointed to that report in announcing the decision, as did California Rep. Adam Schiff, the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, in praising it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter's decision should prevent these entities from pushing Russian propaganda in front of users who may not realize the manner in which Russia employs both RT and Sputnik to spread disinformation and undermine democracies around the world,\" Schiff said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian government, as well as RT, responded immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told state media that the move was a violation of international laws that \"guarantee the freedom of speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that \"retaliatory measures will naturally follow,\" a message echoed by RT's editor-in-chief, Margarita Simonyan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought that Twitter is under the control of the U.S. security services — it seemed like a conspiracy theory. But now Twitter appears to have admitted it,\" Simonyan said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rt.com/news/407861-twitter-policy-rt-accounts/\">to another state media agency\u003c/a>. \"This is highly regrettable. It is particularly regrettable that now U.S. media operating in Russia will feel the tender response of the Russian authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RT has also been involved in a back-and-forth with the Justice Department, over whether it should register its American arm under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fara.gov/quick-search.html\">Foreign Agents Registration Act. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so would require the company to disclose funding information and be more outwardly transparent about its relationship with the Russian government, but \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/19/media/rt-fara-registration/index.html\">as CNN reports\u003c/a>, despite a mid-October deadline request by the DOJ, there's no sign RT is planning on registering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RT and Sputnik will be allowed to remain regular users of Twitter -- in other words, to post with normal accounts -- but they won't be allowed to pay to promote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter added in its statement that the company would be donating the $1.9 million it is projected to have received from RT since 2011 to fund external research into the impact of Twitter on elections, with a focus on \"malicious\" automated bots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also vowed this week that it would launch an \"industry-leading\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/25/559905735/under-congressional-microscope-twitter-vows-new-transparency-on-ads\">transparency site\u003c/a> about who buys ads on its service and what messages are involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Bans+Ads+From+Russian+State+Media%2C+Citing+Election+Interference+Efforts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Paralyzed Patients Regain Movement in Stem Cell Trial: Is It Too Early to Celebrate?",
"title": "Paralyzed Patients Regain Movement in Stem Cell Trial: Is It Too Early to Celebrate?",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you've been reading about the\u003ca href=\"https://www.scistar-study.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCiStar\u003c/a> stem cell trial, you know the company's \u003ca href=\"http://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3Chttp://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> of its initial results sound truly remarkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">All six paralyzed patients in Phase II of the SCiStar trial have regained some movement, and 4 out of 6 have made significant gains.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The trial is injecting \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oligodendrocyte progenitor cells\u003c/a>, produced from human embryonic stem cells, into patients ages 18-69. These trial subjects have suffered recent spinal cord injuries in the neck, resulting in the loss of nearly all sensation and movement below the injury, as well as some paralysis of the arms and legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The results so far: One year after six people with severe spinal cord injuries received a dose of more than 10 million stem cells, all six patients have progressed at least one motor level on both sides of their bodies, based on a widely used \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232636/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale \u003c/a>\u003c/span>that measures the range of movement in various muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In addition, four of the patients jumped two levels on at least one side, and one patient advanced three. And two patients progressed two motor levels on both sides. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is all according to Asterias Biotherapeutics, the company conducting the trial. Asterias also says\u003c/span> patients in this cohort showed improvement between the six-month and 12-month marks from the time they received the infusion of stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The take-home message is that we can only hope to truly demonstrate efficacy in a randomized control trial.'\u003ccite>Dr. Edward Wirth, Asterias Biotherapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Usually what you see is a plateau, and that’s not what we’re seeing here. They continued to improve,” said Dr. Charles Liu, an investigator on the study and director of the USC Neurorestoration Center. “It was a durable effect. And that’s incredibly exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The trial is legitimate. It’s partially funded by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Institute for Regenerative Medicine,\u003c/a> the state's stem cell agency; well-known spinal experts are participating; and the FDA has certified the treatment as one that preliminary clinical evidence indicates has the “potential to address unmet medical needs” related to a “serious or life-threatening disease or condition.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There have also been a steady stream of media reports about the possibility of a breakthrough, including our own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/spinal-injuries/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coverage \u003c/a>and a recent \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2017/oct/what-once--was-lost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feature\u003c/a> by Discover magazine and front-page\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Super-exciting-results-in-stem-cell-therapy-12245199.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story \u003c/a>from the San Francisco Chronicle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"'Super exciting' results in stem cell therapy trial,\" was the headline, quoting Dr. Edward Wirth, the chief medical officer at Asterias.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Still Early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regaining two motor levels in spinocervical patients is significant. That level of improvement could mean the difference between full paralysis from the neck down, requiring a ventilator to breathe, versus regaining some arm, hand and finger movement, enabling patients to take care of many of life’s daily tasks unassisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is video of Kris Boesen, a patient in the trial who at the age of 20 was paralyzed from the neck down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't drink, I couldn't feed myself, I couldn't text or pretty much do anything,\" he says. \"I was basically just existing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the stem cell treatment, he says, \"I'm able to live my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0ZWqBWDoQI&ab_channel=AmericansforCures\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another trial patient, Lucas Lindner, was in a car accident that left him a quadriplegic, with no use of his hands or legs. After receiving the stem cells, he recovered to the point of being able to throw a ball, type and use a soldering gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DerDpM_FO4&ab_channel=AsteriasBiotherapeutics\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are compelling stories. And if the treatment really does work, it could provide hope to traumatic-injury patients who might otherwise show little progress or improvement in their paralysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of course, the sample size we've seen so far is small — really small — just six patients. And it's true that some patients have been known to spontaneously recover some movement after spinal injuries without having received a cutting-edge stem cell treatment. Also, in this second phase of the trial, there is no control group. A double-blind, control-group study is planned in Phase III next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'As a scientist I think it’s very exciting.'\u003ccite>Oswald Steward, UC Irvine School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So we wondered, how can the people running the trial know, right now, that the level of improvement in their subjects is favorable to patients who haven't received the treatment, prompting such optimistic press releases? And how much excitement should anyone allow themselves over these early results?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Historical Data to Compare\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The likelihood of all six patients recovering to the degree they have on their own is unlikely, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This is as good as you could hope at this point,” said USC's Liu, in March. “So far all the evidence is pointing in the right direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asterias, based in Fremont, Calif., has tried to assess these early results by comparing the improvement in its cohort of patients to historical data from an estimated pool of 3,300 spinal injury victims in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.emsci.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury\u003c/a>. Asterias says the level of progress for its six subjects is about twice the rate of recovery patients saw in the European data, dating back to 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 12-month data showed 67% (4/6) of Cohort 2 (subjects) have recovered 2 or more motor levels on at least one side through 12 months, which is more than double the rates of recovery seen in both matched historical controls and published data in a similar population,\" the company wrote in an October \u003ca href=\"http://www.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Oswald Steward, director of the Reeve-Irvine spinal cord research center at the UC Irvine School of Medicine, there are so many variables to be considered when you look at historical data, you really have to take any conclusions with a few grains of salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds good, but it’s not a control group, there’s no real data here,\" Steward says. \"It’s nice to give some background, to give you a sense of [comparative recovery rates], but that’s definitely the way I would put it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting background information to give a rough framework of comparison is exactly what the company wanted to accomplish, according to \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wirth, Asterias' chief medical officer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"The take-home message is that we can only hope to truly demonstrate efficacy in a randomized control trial,\" he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That's the plan in Phase\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>III of the trial. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"The historical controls are merely a temporary comparator to help us determine whether the ... program should move forward.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>An Unusual Step\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historical data is often used in cancer studies because of the fixed nature of outcomes in some cancer types, but it's unusual to see early-stage clinical trials in other areas use it as a comparison, says Karen Messer, chief of the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics division at the Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use of historical controls is common in early-phase cancer studies because they usually have small sample sizes and the end points are really well-defined,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spinal cord injury outcomes may be more varied, Messer says, so the results of an intervention wouldn't be as reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(T)here are a few things to watch for: Are the patients comparable? Has treatment changed? You want to make sure the response assessment is not subject to any judgment calls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asterias mined the European historical data because it was the only large spinal-injury database with current information that could be licensed, Wirth said in an internal memo on the rationale and methods for compiling historical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that memo, Wirth wrote that some variables are not included in the European database. These include MRI data on spinal cord lesions and the timing or quality of decompression, a bone-trimming surgery that makes more room for nerves. These differences in the data make direct comparisons harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diana Miglioretti is a biostatistics professor at UC Davis. She says historical data is an interesting approach to frame a comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it isn’t as strong as a control group,” she says, “but if there aren’t major time trends, it can be a reasonable alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Miglioretti says, if outcomes haven't changed over time — due to improvements in treatment, for example — it's not out of the question that historical data can serve as a control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to spinal cord researcher Steward, that’s the main concern about taking historical data on spinal injuries at face value .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past we treated spinal injury differently,” Steward says. “For instance the amount of time people spend in rehab is a lot less than it was 10 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strong Anecdotal Statements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Steward’s point of view, the real reason to get excited about the phenomenal initial results of this stem cell therapy is not the supporting historical data, but rather the anecdotal statements by the clinical researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, he points to the statements by Richard Fessler, the lead investigator of the Asterias trial and a professor of neurosurgery at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. “I’ve been treating these kinds of patients for 30 years,” Fessler said in the San Francisco Chronicle story, “and I’ve never seen anything like this before.” (Fessler has no financial stake in Asterias, company officials say.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When someone like Fessler says 'I’ve never seen anything like that,' ” Steward says, “I spend more time listening to that than to historical data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steward also points out that this stem cell therapy won’t help those with chronic spinal injuries, but says it could be a game-changer for newly injured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, this is huge,” he says. “Things are progressing in a positive way. No bad outcomes, and people seem to be improving in a way that may be unprecedented. As a scientist I think it’s very exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you've been reading about the\u003ca href=\"https://www.scistar-study.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCiStar\u003c/a> stem cell trial, you know the company's \u003ca href=\"http://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3Chttp://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> of its initial results sound truly remarkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">All six paralyzed patients in Phase II of the SCiStar trial have regained some movement, and 4 out of 6 have made significant gains.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The trial is injecting \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oligodendrocyte progenitor cells\u003c/a>, produced from human embryonic stem cells, into patients ages 18-69. These trial subjects have suffered recent spinal cord injuries in the neck, resulting in the loss of nearly all sensation and movement below the injury, as well as some paralysis of the arms and legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The results so far: One year after six people with severe spinal cord injuries received a dose of more than 10 million stem cells, all six patients have progressed at least one motor level on both sides of their bodies, based on a widely used \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232636/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale \u003c/a>\u003c/span>that measures the range of movement in various muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In addition, four of the patients jumped two levels on at least one side, and one patient advanced three. And two patients progressed two motor levels on both sides. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is all according to Asterias Biotherapeutics, the company conducting the trial. Asterias also says\u003c/span> patients in this cohort showed improvement between the six-month and 12-month marks from the time they received the infusion of stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The take-home message is that we can only hope to truly demonstrate efficacy in a randomized control trial.'\u003ccite>Dr. Edward Wirth, Asterias Biotherapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Usually what you see is a plateau, and that’s not what we’re seeing here. They continued to improve,” said Dr. Charles Liu, an investigator on the study and director of the USC Neurorestoration Center. “It was a durable effect. And that’s incredibly exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The trial is legitimate. It’s partially funded by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Institute for Regenerative Medicine,\u003c/a> the state's stem cell agency; well-known spinal experts are participating; and the FDA has certified the treatment as one that preliminary clinical evidence indicates has the “potential to address unmet medical needs” related to a “serious or life-threatening disease or condition.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There have also been a steady stream of media reports about the possibility of a breakthrough, including our own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/spinal-injuries/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coverage \u003c/a>and a recent \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2017/oct/what-once--was-lost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feature\u003c/a> by Discover magazine and front-page\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Super-exciting-results-in-stem-cell-therapy-12245199.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story \u003c/a>from the San Francisco Chronicle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"'Super exciting' results in stem cell therapy trial,\" was the headline, quoting Dr. Edward Wirth, the chief medical officer at Asterias.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Still Early\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regaining two motor levels in spinocervical patients is significant. That level of improvement could mean the difference between full paralysis from the neck down, requiring a ventilator to breathe, versus regaining some arm, hand and finger movement, enabling patients to take care of many of life’s daily tasks unassisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is video of Kris Boesen, a patient in the trial who at the age of 20 was paralyzed from the neck down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't drink, I couldn't feed myself, I couldn't text or pretty much do anything,\" he says. \"I was basically just existing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the stem cell treatment, he says, \"I'm able to live my life.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/N0ZWqBWDoQI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/N0ZWqBWDoQI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Another trial patient, Lucas Lindner, was in a car accident that left him a quadriplegic, with no use of his hands or legs. After receiving the stem cells, he recovered to the point of being able to throw a ball, type and use a soldering gun.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1DerDpM_FO4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1DerDpM_FO4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>These are compelling stories. And if the treatment really does work, it could provide hope to traumatic-injury patients who might otherwise show little progress or improvement in their paralysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of course, the sample size we've seen so far is small — really small — just six patients. And it's true that some patients have been known to spontaneously recover some movement after spinal injuries without having received a cutting-edge stem cell treatment. Also, in this second phase of the trial, there is no control group. A double-blind, control-group study is planned in Phase III next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'As a scientist I think it’s very exciting.'\u003ccite>Oswald Steward, UC Irvine School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So we wondered, how can the people running the trial know, right now, that the level of improvement in their subjects is favorable to patients who haven't received the treatment, prompting such optimistic press releases? And how much excitement should anyone allow themselves over these early results?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Historical Data to Compare\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The likelihood of all six patients recovering to the degree they have on their own is unlikely, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This is as good as you could hope at this point,” said USC's Liu, in March. “So far all the evidence is pointing in the right direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asterias, based in Fremont, Calif., has tried to assess these early results by comparing the improvement in its cohort of patients to historical data from an estimated pool of 3,300 spinal injury victims in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.emsci.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury\u003c/a>. Asterias says the level of progress for its six subjects is about twice the rate of recovery patients saw in the European data, dating back to 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 12-month data showed 67% (4/6) of Cohort 2 (subjects) have recovered 2 or more motor levels on at least one side through 12 months, which is more than double the rates of recovery seen in both matched historical controls and published data in a similar population,\" the company wrote in an October \u003ca href=\"http://www.asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Oswald Steward, director of the Reeve-Irvine spinal cord research center at the UC Irvine School of Medicine, there are so many variables to be considered when you look at historical data, you really have to take any conclusions with a few grains of salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds good, but it’s not a control group, there’s no real data here,\" Steward says. \"It’s nice to give some background, to give you a sense of [comparative recovery rates], but that’s definitely the way I would put it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting background information to give a rough framework of comparison is exactly what the company wanted to accomplish, according to \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wirth, Asterias' chief medical officer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"The take-home message is that we can only hope to truly demonstrate efficacy in a randomized control trial,\" he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That's the plan in Phase\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>III of the trial. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"The historical controls are merely a temporary comparator to help us determine whether the ... program should move forward.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>An Unusual Step\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historical data is often used in cancer studies because of the fixed nature of outcomes in some cancer types, but it's unusual to see early-stage clinical trials in other areas use it as a comparison, says Karen Messer, chief of the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics division at the Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use of historical controls is common in early-phase cancer studies because they usually have small sample sizes and the end points are really well-defined,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spinal cord injury outcomes may be more varied, Messer says, so the results of an intervention wouldn't be as reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(T)here are a few things to watch for: Are the patients comparable? Has treatment changed? You want to make sure the response assessment is not subject to any judgment calls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asterias mined the European historical data because it was the only large spinal-injury database with current information that could be licensed, Wirth said in an internal memo on the rationale and methods for compiling historical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that memo, Wirth wrote that some variables are not included in the European database. These include MRI data on spinal cord lesions and the timing or quality of decompression, a bone-trimming surgery that makes more room for nerves. These differences in the data make direct comparisons harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diana Miglioretti is a biostatistics professor at UC Davis. She says historical data is an interesting approach to frame a comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it isn’t as strong as a control group,” she says, “but if there aren’t major time trends, it can be a reasonable alternative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Miglioretti says, if outcomes haven't changed over time — due to improvements in treatment, for example — it's not out of the question that historical data can serve as a control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to spinal cord researcher Steward, that’s the main concern about taking historical data on spinal injuries at face value .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past we treated spinal injury differently,” Steward says. “For instance the amount of time people spend in rehab is a lot less than it was 10 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strong Anecdotal Statements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Steward’s point of view, the real reason to get excited about the phenomenal initial results of this stem cell therapy is not the supporting historical data, but rather the anecdotal statements by the clinical researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, he points to the statements by Richard Fessler, the lead investigator of the Asterias trial and a professor of neurosurgery at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. “I’ve been treating these kinds of patients for 30 years,” Fessler said in the San Francisco Chronicle story, “and I’ve never seen anything like this before.” (Fessler has no financial stake in Asterias, company officials say.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When someone like Fessler says 'I’ve never seen anything like that,' ” Steward says, “I spend more time listening to that than to historical data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steward also points out that this stem cell therapy won’t help those with chronic spinal injuries, but says it could be a game-changer for newly injured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, this is huge,” he says. “Things are progressing in a positive way. No bad outcomes, and people seem to be improving in a way that may be unprecedented. As a scientist I think it’s very exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla has used its solar panels and batteries to restore reliable electricity at San Juan’s Hospital del Niño (Children’s Hospital), in what company founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Bap6TqcjowK\">Elon Musk calls\u003c/a> “the first of many solar+battery Tesla projects going live in Puerto Rico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project came about after Puerto Rico was hit by two devastating and powerful hurricanes in September, and Musk reached out about Tesla helping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s company announced its success in getting the hospital’s power working again less than three weeks after Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rossello tweeted on Oct. 6, “Great initial conversation with @elonmusk tonight. Teams are now talking; exploring opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s image of the project’s solar array, in a parking lot next to the hospital, has been liked more than 84,000 times since it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/Bapz5hrB5KH/\">posted to Instagram\u003c/a> Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/922840234143952899\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/916395155120205825\">Musk tweeted\u003c/a> that some of his company’s work is being rerouted so it could “increase battery production for Puerto Rico & other affected areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital’s new system allows it to generate all the energy it needs, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.elnuevodia.com/negocios/empresas/nota/teslasolarfacilitasistemaparaenergizarelhospitaldelnino-2368514/\">El Nuevo Dia\u003c/a>. The facility has 35 permanent residents with chronic conditions; it also offers services to some 3,000 young patients, the newspaper says. As for who is paying for the power system, the head of the hospital tells \u003cem>Nuevo Dia\u003c/em> that for now, it’s a donation — and that after the energy crisis is over, a deal could make it permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Rossello and the tech company tweeted about the project this week, with Tesla saying in a post, “Grateful to support the recovery of Puerto Rico with @ricardorossello” — and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ricardorossello/status/923168271364435968\">Rossello stating\u003c/a>, “A major contribution of @Tesla to the Hospital del Niño.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ricardorossello/status/923168271364435968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news of restoring permanent power at the hospital comes as millions of people in Puerto Rico continue to rely on generators for electricity. As of Wednesday morning, the Electric Power Authority reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.status.pr/\">its power service was at 25 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of rebuilding Puerto Rico’s power grid is expected to take months and to cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/11/557051712/repairing-puerto-ricos-power-grid-could-top-5-billion\">as much as $5 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the territory’s electric and power authority signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/24/559864118/tiny-montana-firm-gets-300-million-contract-to-help-restore-power-in-puerto-rico\">a $300 million contract with Whitefish\u003c/a>, a small and relatively young Montana company, to restore the power grid. The deal has sparked scrutiny and skepticism, as NPR’s Laurel Wamsley and Nicky Ouellet of Montana Public Radio reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla isn’t the only tech company trying to help Puerto Rico; Google’s parent company, Alphabet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/20/16512178/alphabet-project-loon-puerto-rico-lte-balloons-disaster-relief-connectivity\">has deployed balloons\u003c/a> from its Project Loon to the territory, to help parts of the island reconnect after much of its phone system went down. The portable network can help phone users with both messaging and some web browsing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Turns+Power+Back+On+At+Children%27s+Hospital+In+Puerto+Rico&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The news of restoring permanent power at the hospital comes as millions of people in Puerto Rico continue to rely on generators for electricity. As of Wednesday morning, the Electric Power Authority reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.status.pr/\">its power service was at 25 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of rebuilding Puerto Rico’s power grid is expected to take months and to cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/11/557051712/repairing-puerto-ricos-power-grid-could-top-5-billion\">as much as $5 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the territory’s electric and power authority signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/24/559864118/tiny-montana-firm-gets-300-million-contract-to-help-restore-power-in-puerto-rico\">a $300 million contract with Whitefish\u003c/a>, a small and relatively young Montana company, to restore the power grid. The deal has sparked scrutiny and skepticism, as NPR’s Laurel Wamsley and Nicky Ouellet of Montana Public Radio reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla isn’t the only tech company trying to help Puerto Rico; Google’s parent company, Alphabet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/20/16512178/alphabet-project-loon-puerto-rico-lte-balloons-disaster-relief-connectivity\">has deployed balloons\u003c/a> from its Project Loon to the territory, to help parts of the island reconnect after much of its phone system went down. The portable network can help phone users with both messaging and some web browsing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Turns+Power+Back+On+At+Children%27s+Hospital+In+Puerto+Rico&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Under Congressional Microscope, Twitter Vows New 'Transparency' on Ads",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twitter has promised more disclosure about its advertisements as members of Congress put the big social networks under a microscope in investigating Russian interference in U.S. politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based microblogging service said Tuesday that it plans to unveil an \"industry-leading transparency center\" through which it will \"offer everyone visibility into who is advertising on Twitter, details behind those ads\" and tools through which users can respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are committed to stricter policies and transparency around issues-based ads,\" \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/product/2017/New-Transparency-For-Ads-on-Twitter.html\">wrote Bruce Falck\u003c/a>, Twitter's general manager for revenue product and engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SJgFgnl7O1SdwydIjfrk1q82GNJaBymD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and its larger peers, Facebook and Google, are under scrutiny from Capitol Hill over the role they played in Russia's influence campaign targeting the 2016 presidential election. Together, the three platforms command a global reach and touch billions of users, and members of Congress want to try to prevent them from being exploited in the same way again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian influence-mongers used a combination of clandestine spy techniques -- including cyberattacks and snooping -- and overt public relations tools, including online ads and human agents, to interfere in the presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Twitter specifically, the company has acknowledged selling just under $275,000 worth of ads to Russia's state-backed RT news agency. It also was and is used to amplify controversy, both by automated bots that promote both sides of divisive issues and by human agents who stir the pot as trolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has vowed to quash as much of that as it can by refining the technical workings of its service, but company leaders also have acknowledged there are limits to what they'll prevent or police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"69jUX5IHKj8ose9CiqnC6BpdR2WF0kib\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one reason why Falck's post focused on advertising, over which Twitter has stronger control. He said the company will disclose all ads running on the service, the amounts of money spent, the identities of buyers and details about whom the ads target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that Twitter, Facebook and Google are trying to mollify members of Congress who have proposed legislation that would require similar commitments about disclosures and other changes to the way they do business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter said it looks \"forward to engaging with members of Congress and other key stakeholders on these issues as the legislative process continues,\" but the companies and other technology advocates have said that a new law might not be necessary. Big Tech wants to regulate itself without new obligations or restrictions from D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558847414/558847415\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Mark Warner — the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee and one of the sponsors of legislation that would mandate disclosure — welcomed Twitter's announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A good first step,\" Warner said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarkWarner/status/922916719932219392\">tweet\u003c/a> circulated by his office, \"particularly public disclosure of ads info. Online political ads need more transparency & disclosure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner and his co-sponsors, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., and Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., announced their legislation last week. On Tuesday, Warner's office also circulated the text of an editorial in \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-10-23/defend-u-s-democracy-with-digital-transparency\">Bloomberg View\u003c/a>, which said the bill was \"entirely necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Under+Congressional+Microscope%2C+Twitter+Vows+New+%27Transparency%27+On+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The microblogging service has promised a new wave of disclosure about who uses it to advertise as the Hill continues probing the Russia imbroglio.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twitter has promised more disclosure about its advertisements as members of Congress put the big social networks under a microscope in investigating Russian interference in U.S. politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based microblogging service said Tuesday that it plans to unveil an \"industry-leading transparency center\" through which it will \"offer everyone visibility into who is advertising on Twitter, details behind those ads\" and tools through which users can respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are committed to stricter policies and transparency around issues-based ads,\" \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/product/2017/New-Transparency-For-Ads-on-Twitter.html\">wrote Bruce Falck\u003c/a>, Twitter's general manager for revenue product and engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and its larger peers, Facebook and Google, are under scrutiny from Capitol Hill over the role they played in Russia's influence campaign targeting the 2016 presidential election. Together, the three platforms command a global reach and touch billions of users, and members of Congress want to try to prevent them from being exploited in the same way again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian influence-mongers used a combination of clandestine spy techniques -- including cyberattacks and snooping -- and overt public relations tools, including online ads and human agents, to interfere in the presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Twitter specifically, the company has acknowledged selling just under $275,000 worth of ads to Russia's state-backed RT news agency. It also was and is used to amplify controversy, both by automated bots that promote both sides of divisive issues and by human agents who stir the pot as trolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has vowed to quash as much of that as it can by refining the technical workings of its service, but company leaders also have acknowledged there are limits to what they'll prevent or police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one reason why Falck's post focused on advertising, over which Twitter has stronger control. He said the company will disclose all ads running on the service, the amounts of money spent, the identities of buyers and details about whom the ads target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that Twitter, Facebook and Google are trying to mollify members of Congress who have proposed legislation that would require similar commitments about disclosures and other changes to the way they do business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter said it looks \"forward to engaging with members of Congress and other key stakeholders on these issues as the legislative process continues,\" but the companies and other technology advocates have said that a new law might not be necessary. Big Tech wants to regulate itself without new obligations or restrictions from D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558847414/558847415\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Mark Warner — the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee and one of the sponsors of legislation that would mandate disclosure — welcomed Twitter's announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A good first step,\" Warner said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarkWarner/status/922916719932219392\">tweet\u003c/a> circulated by his office, \"particularly public disclosure of ads info. Online political ads need more transparency & disclosure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner and his co-sponsors, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., and Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., announced their legislation last week. On Tuesday, Warner's office also circulated the text of an editorial in \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-10-23/defend-u-s-democracy-with-digital-transparency\">Bloomberg View\u003c/a>, which said the bill was \"entirely necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Under+Congressional+Microscope%2C+Twitter+Vows+New+%27Transparency%27+On+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fresno Offers Amazon Something Unique for Its Headquarters: Nothing",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tech giant Amazon is \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=17044620011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking for a home\u003c/a> for its second headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company got 238 proposals from across North America, and some cities are going to great lengths to get its attention: New York temporarily turned the Empire State Building orange, to match the Amazon logo. Tucson shipped the company a 21-foot cactus. The city of Stonecrest, Georgia, offered to rename itself “Amazon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, of course, lots of cities and states are hoping to win over the Seattle-based company with massive tax breaks. Chicago is reportedly offering \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-illinois-amazon-tax-incentives-20171023-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">north of $2 billion\u003c/a> in incentives. New Jersey is offering \u003ca href=\"http://nj.gov/governor/news/news/552017/approved/20171016c.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$7 billion\u003c/a> if Amazon picks Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Fresno officials are pitching it as an opportunity for Amazon to become the 'ultimate corporate citizen.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In California \u003ca href=\"http://www.chulavistaca.gov/businesses/welcome-home-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some cities\u003c/a> are offering major incentives, too -- but a couple are gambling on a different offer: nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals from Fresno and San Jose don't put up a dime in direct financial incentives. San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-not-bidding-for-amazons-hq-1507158668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thinks subsidies just aren't good for taxpayers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s director of economic development agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see with incentives oftentimes is that it’s a race to the bottom,\" says Larry Westerlund, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F4113398%2FFresno-s-Amazon-HQ2-cover-letter-10-18-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the city's proposal for Amazon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that when incentives get too big, it can take a long time for a city to see benefits. And while the 50,000 jobs Amazon is promising to bring with its new headquarters would be good for Fresno, the change would be hard on some people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to ensure that we don’t push out that middle class to where they have to commute to Visalia to be able to afford a home and then commute back and forth,\" Westerlund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city’s proposal offers a partnership with Amazon that would invest tax revenue the company generates into projects that are good for Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"PpKihWrFWl8VIY4dqWDuUYhpstLljY04\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money would go to building affordable housing and transportation infrastructure. Some would go toward creating a new generation of tech-savvy employees. City officials are pitching it as an opportunity for Amazon to become the \"ultimate corporate citizen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerlund admits it’s a long shot, but he points to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' penchant for making unconventional business moves. Maybe, Westerlund says, Fresno's proposal is so unorthodox the company might go for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope that that will catch their eye,\" Westerlund says, \"and they’ll go, 'Let’s do something different this time.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon launched its search on Sept. 7. The deadline to submit a proposal was Oct. 19. The company says it will announce a decision next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hundreds of cities are falling all over themselves to woo Amazon, hoping to secure the company’s new headquarters. Many are offering big tax breaks. Fresno isn't.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tech giant Amazon is \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=17044620011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking for a home\u003c/a> for its second headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company got 238 proposals from across North America, and some cities are going to great lengths to get its attention: New York temporarily turned the Empire State Building orange, to match the Amazon logo. Tucson shipped the company a 21-foot cactus. The city of Stonecrest, Georgia, offered to rename itself “Amazon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, of course, lots of cities and states are hoping to win over the Seattle-based company with massive tax breaks. Chicago is reportedly offering \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-illinois-amazon-tax-incentives-20171023-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">north of $2 billion\u003c/a> in incentives. New Jersey is offering \u003ca href=\"http://nj.gov/governor/news/news/552017/approved/20171016c.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$7 billion\u003c/a> if Amazon picks Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Fresno officials are pitching it as an opportunity for Amazon to become the 'ultimate corporate citizen.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In California \u003ca href=\"http://www.chulavistaca.gov/businesses/welcome-home-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some cities\u003c/a> are offering major incentives, too -- but a couple are gambling on a different offer: nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals from Fresno and San Jose don't put up a dime in direct financial incentives. San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-not-bidding-for-amazons-hq-1507158668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thinks subsidies just aren't good for taxpayers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s director of economic development agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see with incentives oftentimes is that it’s a race to the bottom,\" says Larry Westerlund, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F4113398%2FFresno-s-Amazon-HQ2-cover-letter-10-18-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the city's proposal for Amazon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that when incentives get too big, it can take a long time for a city to see benefits. And while the 50,000 jobs Amazon is promising to bring with its new headquarters would be good for Fresno, the change would be hard on some people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to ensure that we don’t push out that middle class to where they have to commute to Visalia to be able to afford a home and then commute back and forth,\" Westerlund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city’s proposal offers a partnership with Amazon that would invest tax revenue the company generates into projects that are good for Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money would go to building affordable housing and transportation infrastructure. Some would go toward creating a new generation of tech-savvy employees. City officials are pitching it as an opportunity for Amazon to become the \"ultimate corporate citizen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerlund admits it’s a long shot, but he points to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' penchant for making unconventional business moves. Maybe, Westerlund says, Fresno's proposal is so unorthodox the company might go for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope that that will catch their eye,\" Westerlund says, \"and they’ll go, 'Let’s do something different this time.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon launched its search on Sept. 7. The deadline to submit a proposal was Oct. 19. The company says it will announce a decision next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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