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"content": "\u003cp>Speaker after speaker stepped up to the podium during Wednesday night's meeting of the San Francisco Police Commission with the same message: They want Police Chief Greg Suhr removed in the wake of last week's fatal officer-involved shooting of Bayview resident Mario Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission began the process of revising the Police Department's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-police.org/modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=14790\" target=\"_blank\">use-of-force policies\u003c/a> in response to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods\" target=\"_blank\">Woods shooting\u003c/a> on Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/s-f-police-chief-public-defender-clash-over-latest-fatal-cop-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">Cellphone video\u003c/a> posted online shows eight or more police officers confronting Woods, 26, with guns drawn. Police say Woods, whom police describe as a suspect in a nearby stabbing, ignored repeated commands to drop an 8-inch kitchen knife he was carrying, even after being pepper-sprayed and hit by shotgun-fired \"less-lethal\" beanbag rounds. Videos show Woods attempting to walk away from officers, one of whom steps into his path. That officer and four others opened fire, police say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mario Woods’ body lays with 21 bullet holes,\" civil rights attorney DeWitt Lacy, who is representing Woods' family, told the commission. \"Twenty-one -- in his body -- because of a scandalously egregious use of force. The suggestion from the community is that Chief Suhr step down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr didn't speak until just before 10 p.m., after about four hours of public testimony repeating calls for his resignation or firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I, too, found the video upsetting,\" he said, and he referenced multiple ongoing investigations into the shooting. \"No conclusions have been reached.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr said he delivered \"the facts as I know them\" at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/suhr-claims-video-shows-mario-woods-raised-knife-at-officer-community-in-disbelief/\" target=\"_blank\">public meeting in the Bayview\u003c/a> Friday when he said video appeared to show Woods raising his arm toward an officer before he was shot. KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing\" target=\"_blank\">slow-motion analysis\u003c/a> of the same video found Woods raised his arm only after the first shot is audible. Neither Suhr nor the SFPD has responded to KQED's inquiry about the apparent contradiction.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"WuQBamUAQYA7sjm50zxRM2XUAkyp1ecW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chief Suhr, you have lost the trust and the faith of the community,\" the Rev. Michael McBride told the commission. \"There’s some commandments that the San Francisco Police Department has to protect itself. We challenge these commandments that say that you shall be able to kill a black person whenever they don't comply at the moment you want them to comply. We reject the commandments that say because you're mentally ill and homeless, you're going to die on the street. Chief, it is time for you to resign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr said a revision to the department's use-of-force policies should include a discussion of equipping at least some officers with Tasers. He suggested a pilot program in which specially trained tactical officers would carry the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officers should be able to call for them so that we never repeat anything even close to what happened last Wednesday,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr and the department's previous three chiefs have all tried to persuade the Police Commission to adopt Tasers as a further \"less-lethal\" means of controlling potentially dangerous subjects. Each time, concerns that the devices are dangerous and often ineffective have blocked their adoption. Those concerns were voiced again Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Daniel Buford read several headlines to the commission describing torment of suspects at the hands of police armed with Tasers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Taser, that's not a panacea,\" he said. \"There's ample evidence that cops torture with a Taser, kill with a Taser, and if that doesn't work, they'll shoot him with a real gun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest push for Tasers is just one prong of what could mark sweeping changes to policing in San Francisco and beyond in the wake of Woods' death. The department is joining a national effort to \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/assets/reengineeringtraining1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">re-engineer training on police use of force\u003c/a>\" with the Washington, D.C.-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Police Executive Research Forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a top priority for all of law enforcement in the country, to get this change in police culture to go toward de-escalation and other alternatives to lethal force so that really the only time that a firearm would come into play would be when we're dealing with a person with a firearm,\" Suhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission President Suzy Loftus said she also requested PERF's help in reviewing the department's use-of-force policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a large paradigm shift that is happening in this country around policing,\" she said. She added that viewing video of Woods' shooting had \"rattled the trust that, in particular, people in the African-American community have in this Police Department.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Commissioner Joe Marshall seemed to struggle to find words for what he was feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard -- I'm hurt,\" he said, adding that watching the video was painful for him. \"It was really, really bad. ... That's the last thing I wanted to see, and the thing that's so hard, we've worked so hard to close the gap, and it was all undone just like that. I'm sorry. I'm sorry for everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Speaker after speaker stepped up to the podium during Wednesday night's meeting of the San Francisco Police Commission with the same message: They want Police Chief Greg Suhr removed in the wake of last week's fatal officer-involved shooting of Bayview resident Mario Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission began the process of revising the Police Department's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-police.org/modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=14790\" target=\"_blank\">use-of-force policies\u003c/a> in response to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods\" target=\"_blank\">Woods shooting\u003c/a> on Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/s-f-police-chief-public-defender-clash-over-latest-fatal-cop-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">Cellphone video\u003c/a> posted online shows eight or more police officers confronting Woods, 26, with guns drawn. Police say Woods, whom police describe as a suspect in a nearby stabbing, ignored repeated commands to drop an 8-inch kitchen knife he was carrying, even after being pepper-sprayed and hit by shotgun-fired \"less-lethal\" beanbag rounds. Videos show Woods attempting to walk away from officers, one of whom steps into his path. That officer and four others opened fire, police say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mario Woods’ body lays with 21 bullet holes,\" civil rights attorney DeWitt Lacy, who is representing Woods' family, told the commission. \"Twenty-one -- in his body -- because of a scandalously egregious use of force. The suggestion from the community is that Chief Suhr step down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr didn't speak until just before 10 p.m., after about four hours of public testimony repeating calls for his resignation or firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I, too, found the video upsetting,\" he said, and he referenced multiple ongoing investigations into the shooting. \"No conclusions have been reached.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr said he delivered \"the facts as I know them\" at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/suhr-claims-video-shows-mario-woods-raised-knife-at-officer-community-in-disbelief/\" target=\"_blank\">public meeting in the Bayview\u003c/a> Friday when he said video appeared to show Woods raising his arm toward an officer before he was shot. KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing\" target=\"_blank\">slow-motion analysis\u003c/a> of the same video found Woods raised his arm only after the first shot is audible. Neither Suhr nor the SFPD has responded to KQED's inquiry about the apparent contradiction.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chief Suhr, you have lost the trust and the faith of the community,\" the Rev. Michael McBride told the commission. \"There’s some commandments that the San Francisco Police Department has to protect itself. We challenge these commandments that say that you shall be able to kill a black person whenever they don't comply at the moment you want them to comply. We reject the commandments that say because you're mentally ill and homeless, you're going to die on the street. Chief, it is time for you to resign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr said a revision to the department's use-of-force policies should include a discussion of equipping at least some officers with Tasers. He suggested a pilot program in which specially trained tactical officers would carry the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officers should be able to call for them so that we never repeat anything even close to what happened last Wednesday,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr and the department's previous three chiefs have all tried to persuade the Police Commission to adopt Tasers as a further \"less-lethal\" means of controlling potentially dangerous subjects. Each time, concerns that the devices are dangerous and often ineffective have blocked their adoption. Those concerns were voiced again Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Daniel Buford read several headlines to the commission describing torment of suspects at the hands of police armed with Tasers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Taser, that's not a panacea,\" he said. \"There's ample evidence that cops torture with a Taser, kill with a Taser, and if that doesn't work, they'll shoot him with a real gun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest push for Tasers is just one prong of what could mark sweeping changes to policing in San Francisco and beyond in the wake of Woods' death. The department is joining a national effort to \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/assets/reengineeringtraining1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">re-engineer training on police use of force\u003c/a>\" with the Washington, D.C.-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Police Executive Research Forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a top priority for all of law enforcement in the country, to get this change in police culture to go toward de-escalation and other alternatives to lethal force so that really the only time that a firearm would come into play would be when we're dealing with a person with a firearm,\" Suhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission President Suzy Loftus said she also requested PERF's help in reviewing the department's use-of-force policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a large paradigm shift that is happening in this country around policing,\" she said. She added that viewing video of Woods' shooting had \"rattled the trust that, in particular, people in the African-American community have in this Police Department.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Commissioner Joe Marshall seemed to struggle to find words for what he was feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard -- I'm hurt,\" he said, adding that watching the video was painful for him. \"It was really, really bad. ... That's the last thing I wanted to see, and the thing that's so hard, we've worked so hard to close the gap, and it was all undone just like that. I'm sorry. I'm sorry for everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In San Bernardino, an Epidemic of Questionable Arrests at School",
"title": "In San Bernardino, an Epidemic of Questionable Arrests at School",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>SAN BERNARDINO -- Josue “Josh” Muniz admits that he embraced his girlfriend during lunch, while the pair was out on the quad at Arroyo Valley High School in this city east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He admits that after a school cop ordered him to step away, he did, but lightly hugged his girlfriend again, minutes later, because she was upset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Muniz won’t agree that he deserved what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236884778?secret_token=s-NgNqH\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His girlfriend walked off, and Muniz saw the officer approaching again and directing him to go with him. The cop reached out and “put his hand on my throat,” Muniz said. “That’s when I start freaking out. He tells me to stand up. And that’s when his grip on my throat got a little stronger and when I started really panicking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Muniz pushed at the officer to get him “just a little bit off me,” he said. They tumbled to the ground and the officer “showered” the student with pepper spray, Muniz alleges in a civil lawsuit that’s still pending. The cop handcuffed him, he said, dragged him into a nearby security office by the cuffs and planted a knee in between his shoulder blades while delivering “multiple blows” as Muniz lay face down on a carpet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10788942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10788942\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal.jpg\" alt='Josue \"Josh\" Muniz, now 20, is suing the San Bernardino City Unified School District and a school police officer for excessive force and negligent training. The suit alleges that the officer grabbed Muniz, then 17, by the throat, pepper sprayed him and beat him before arresting Muniz for assault on the cop. Muniz says the officer was upset because he and girlfriend hugged after he ordered them to separate. The charge was dropped in court. ' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josue \"Josh\" Muniz, now 20, is suing the San Bernardino City Unified School District and a school police officer for excessive force and negligent training. The suit alleges that the officer grabbed Muniz, then 17, by the throat, pepper-sprayed him and beat him before arresting Muniz for assault on the cop. Muniz says the officer was upset because he and girlfriend hugged after he ordered them to separate. The charge was dropped in court. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After it was over, the officer read the 17-year-old junior his rights and placed Muniz under arrest — for alleged misdemeanor assault on an officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me that I had ‘f’d up,’ ” Muniz said. “But I never wanted to fight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an initial substantive response in court, the school district claims that Muniz was “careless, reckless, and negligent,” and is the one to blame for any alleged injuries he suffered during the altercation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s arrest in November 2012 sounds extreme, but it was hardly isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, he was one of tens of thousands of juveniles arrested by school police in San Bernardino County over the last decade. The arrests were so numerous in this high-desert region known as the Inland Empire that they surpassed arrests of juveniles by municipal police in some of California’s biggest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsBigCities[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino City Unified School District, where Muniz was a student, has its own police department, with 28 sworn officers, eight support staff and more than 50 campus security officers trained in handcuffing and baton use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department made more than 30,000 arrests of minors between 2005 and 2014. The area has a reputation for youth-gang crime, but only about 9 percent of those arrests were for alleged felonies. Instead, the vast majority of arrests were for minors violating a variety of city ordinances -- such as graffiti violations or daytime curfews -- and for nearly 9,900 allegations of disturbing the peace. That’s a frequently-used catchall that raises questions among critics about whether most of these arrests were necessary for public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Critics say some school officers are turning what should be minor disciplinary actions into criminal justice matters that put kids into the ‘school-to-prison pipeline.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the minors arrested or referred to school police represent some of the most academically vulnerable demographics in the state: low-income Latino and black kids, as well as kids with disabilities, in disproportionate numbers, according to California arrest statistics and national education data examined by the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2012 data collected from U.S. schools by the U.S. Department of Education, the latest available, Muniz’s Arroyo Valley High referred students to law enforcement at a rate of 65 for every 1,000 students. That was more than 10 times the national and California state rate of six per 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those kinds of statistics raise red flags for critics who charge that school officers in some districts, especially those with substantial minority and special-needs populations, are turning what should be minor disciplinary indiscretions into criminal justice matters that put kids on a road to bigger problems — the so-called school-to-prison pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsRates[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, cops, school officials, parents and community groups have started wrestling with how to balance demands for order — and security — without criminalizing kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no state rule to define the role of school police, but some California districts have already taken steps to do that by imposing formal limits on police powers in school, and detailing what situations should require police involvement and what should be handled exclusively by educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Roots of a Trend\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe ranks of school cops have grown nationally since the 1999 massacre of students and faculty at Columbine High School outside Denver. Some inner-city school districts have developed significant police agencies of their own and deployed them on campuses. The fear of terrorism and mass shootings like the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\">rampage in San Bernardino\u003c/a> this month all but guarantee that schools will continue to seek out ways to put police officers on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teens and officers don’t always understand each other, and kids can pay a price when cops’ own conduct gets aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, students in South Carolina precipitated a federal civil rights investigation with videos they surreptitiously shot of a school cop violently arresting a high school girl who’d been using her cellphone, tipping over her desk and dragging her across the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Anita Wilson-Pringle Talks About Her Daughter's Strip Search\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236879347\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last April, in the San Bernardino city district, an eighth-grader was allegedly ordered to remove clothing and unhook her bra and shake her breasts to see if she was hiding marijuana, according to her mother, Anita Wilson-Pringle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female vice principal led the search, Wilson-Pringle said, which the district defended as a routine “pat-down.” But Wilson-Pringle alleges that a male campus security officer who works for district police allegedly stood nearby. The district police chief denied that but was unwilling to release an internal review the chief said had been done — not even to Wilson-Pringle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wonder how many other kids have been violated,” Wilson-Pringle said. State law prohibits strip searches by school employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s lawsuit alleges that the San Bernardino city school district failed to properly train and supervise Mark Clark, the officer who confronted him. Clark coaches wrestling in the district and this past summer was promoted to sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their defense, the district and Clark allege in court documents that Muniz “obstructed” a police officer, and that Muniz resisted arrest, causing Clark “to use only such force as was reasonably necessary … to overcome plaintiff’s resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Popka, lawyer for Clark and the district, declined to comment on the case while it’s pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz, now 20, recalled his Mexican immigrant mother arriving at his school to find out how and why he’d been arrested and attempt to figure out what would happen next. Clark decided to write up his citation and release the boy to his mother pending his court date rather than put him in juvenile detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s mother signed papers in English she didn’t fully understand and burst into tears when she was allowed to see her son, and noticed his abrasions and swollen eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Whether it stops with just an arrest or a citation... it's the beginning of a young person becoming disengaged from school'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I explained to her that I was hugging my girlfriend,” Muniz said. “It didn’t make sense to her. How could a situation have escalated so quickly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar complaints of excessive school police intervention in other parts of the Golden State have pushed some prominent school districts to more narrowly define the role of school police on campuses and institute more oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles and San Francisco school districts now have agreements forged in 2013 and 2014, respectively, defining discipline as the responsibility of educators, not police, and instituting limits on officer interrogations, arrests and tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technically, a young person may commit a crime” by making threats, or getting into a physical fight, said Donna Groman, supervising judge of the delinquency division of Los Angeles County Juvenile Court. “It could be viewed as criminal conduct, but it might not be the type of conduct that really benefits a young person to be arrested and injected to the juvenile justice system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10788944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10788944\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal.jpg\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-400x303.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-800x607.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-1440x1092.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-1180x895.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-960x728.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josue “Josh” Muniz was left with bruises, scrapes and burns from pepper spray after a school police officer subdued him. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Josue Muniz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Police arrests should be selective — reserved for the most serious incidents — because any exposure to the juvenile justice system is harmful to minors, Groman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groman arrived at her view from her experience as a judge. She also points to research finding that an arrest, a court appearance, and even brief detention, especially for minor infractions, actually increase a minor’s risk of dropping out and getting into more serious crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it stops with just an arrest or a citation,” she said, “that doesn’t matter. The harm has already been done and it’s difficult to undo that harm. It’s the beginning of a young person becoming disengaged from school, which is one thing you’re trying to avoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alarming Stats\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn San Bernardino County overall, where political support for law enforcement traditionally runs strong, data show that 37 percent of minors funneled into the criminal justice system for misdemeanors were put there by just two school police departments — San Bernardino’s and the Fontana Unified School District police. San Bernardino is the largest county in the nation, encompassing over 20,000 square miles and containing more than 20 distinct cities, vast swaths of unincorporated areas and 2.1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, municipal cops in the city of San Bernardino have arrested just 6,923 minors in all, compared with the 30,000-plus arrests by school district police in the city. School cops do engage in enforcement off campus. But their primary turf is a district of about 54,000 students. City cops patrol a city of 215,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Last year, San Bernardino school cops arrested more kids than municipal cops in Sacramento, Oakland or San Francisco.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The state data also detail how few arrests by school police were for felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 27,000 of the 30,000-plus arrests of minors by San Bernardino school cops were for misdemeanor charges. About 36 percent of those were for disturbing the peace — a charge that can range from disruptive, loud behavior to physical fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data show that the department’s arrests did decline, from 4,043 in 2005 to 1,078 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, based on state records, San Bernardino school cops still arrested more kids than municipal cops in Sacramento, Oakland or San Francisco. They even arrested more kids than police who patrol the nation’s second=largest school district — Los Angeles Unified — which has a student body that’s more than 10 times larger than San Bernardino’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That level of arrests is an alarm,” said attorney Ruth Cusick of Public Counsel, an L.A.-based pro bono law group that has collaborated with Groman on school police reforms. Those who think it’s natural for police in schools to arrest more kids than regular cops, she said, are denying the harm it does to kids and to relationships with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A steady stream of arrests, she said, “basically communicate[s] to students, ‘You’re not part of the community.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the MO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSan Bernardino school police Chief Joe Paulino agreed to meet at Arroyo Valley High, where Josue Muniz was arrested in 2012, to discuss the historically high volume of arrests — and reforms he agrees are needed and that he says are underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we’re emerging from that history,” Paulino said, “to this new place where we no longer believe that we have to attack these things [minor infractions] to be able to keep our youth safe. And we’re looking at it from not a zero tolerance to more of a tolerance to these behaviors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789019\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino.jpg\" alt=\"San Bernardino City Unified School District Police Chief Joe Paulino stands in an atrium at the Arroyo Valley High School, where a former student who is suing the district was arrested in November 2012.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-400x526.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-1440x1894.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-960x1263.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Bernardino City Unified School District Police Chief Joe Paulino stands in an atrium at the Arroyo Valley High School, where a former student who is suing the district was arrested in November 2012. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The district in November started talks to identify circumstances that don’t merit police intervention, Paulino said. Officers are already mindful to follow a new “matrix” calling for students to get an opportunity to correct misbehavior — like a first-time fight — before they face arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paulino also said officers are now handing out “positive tickets” and prizes to students identified as having done good deeds. The practice is part of a “different mindset,” he said, that police are developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still a maxim posted on the department’s website that says the purpose of citations — the real ones that put kids into the justice system for alleged crimes — “is not to punish them but to help them change bad behavior patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe that anybody should be handcuffed because they’re kissing,” he said. “However, it if turns into where I request that you go to class and it becomes violent, then again, we as police officers have the right to be able to defend ourselves as well as others we believe may be injured by another’s action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trouble in Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in San Bernardino County, there are other signs of problematic school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offices with the 40,000-student Fontana Unified School District, not far from the city of San Bernardino, arrested 10,741 juveniles over the last decade, a volume that also surpassed the 7,474 arrests of minors by Fontana city police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsTwoCities[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana school cops run the Fontana Leadership Intervention Program, a counseling and boot-camp program for students identified at school or in court as “at-risk.” In 2012, an officer who coordinated the FLIP program, which took kids on trips to colleges and prisons, was fired because he had allegedly boasted of having sex with mothers of kids in the program, according to documents in lawsuits filed by school staff. (see sidebar)[SP1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of Chino, the case of a student with Down syndrome who was arrested at his high school exemplifies concerns at the legal defense group Disability Rights California that special-needs kids are getting criminalized at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krystine Roldan, the guardian and sister of the student with Down syndrome, was shocked when she received word that her brother, Christian, had been arrested in 2013 at Ayala High School in the Chino Valley Unified School District. He was charged with resisting a peace officer. Roldan said she found her 16-year-old brother “crumpled up” and hogtied, inside the back of a sheriff’s vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789075\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan.jpg\" alt=\"Christian Roldan, 18, holds his dog at home. He has Down syndrome and can respond to questions only with one or two-word replies. He was hogtied and arrested in 2013 for resisting a school police officer’s attempts to search him at the Chino Valley Unified School District. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-1440x1001.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-960x668.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christian Roldan, 18, holds his dog at home. He has Down syndrome and can respond to questions only with one or two-word replies. He was hogtied and arrested in 2013 for resisting a school police officer’s attempts to search him at the Chino Valley Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“His hands are behind his back and his feet are tied together with handcuffs and they’re connected and he’s sweating. He’s crying,” Roldan recalled. “I kept saying you guys have to let him go. He has breathing issues.” The deputies said Christian had made threats. Roldan pointed out that Christian can only respond to questions with one- or two-word answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayala’s school resource office — a county sheriff’s deputy on contract — wrote up a report about an incident that led to Christian’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christian left class to go to the bathroom, unsupervised, and was later found sitting in an outside area on two airsoft guns, replica firearms that shoot plastic pellets. Roldan said she doesn’t know where he got the airsoft guns. The school officer doesn’t speculate in her report. A teacher picked up the prohibited replica guns, and Christian walked with him to the police office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer was told he had Down syndrome. She began questioning the teen about the guns. She wrote that he appeared agitated, “had his hands clenched in fists” and “would not cooperate with my commands.” She wanted to search him for any other weapons. He “mouthed” a profanity. She called for more deputies, and they “escorted him to the floor to gain control of his arms and body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christian was restrained, searched and taken to a patrol vehicle. “No additional contraband was found on his person,” the resource officer wrote. Yet he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Krystine Roldan on Her Disabled Brother's Rough Arrest\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173816144?secret_token=s-L2ghl\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After sitting in a jail cell with his sister, Christian was released to his sister that day, but out of school for months. Therapists said it was too traumatic for him to return to the school, but the district said it couldn’t find another suitable placement for him, until after Roldan contacted Disability Rights for help, she said. She also had to take Christian to juvenile court two times to answer to his criminal charge before a judge was satisfied he had Down Syndrome and dismissed the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought they were there to protect him,” Roldan said of educators and police. He’s still terrified of police, she said, and she’s worried he won’t ask for help when he needs it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data show that the Chino Valley district referred students to law enforcement at rate of 21 for every 1,000 pupils during the 2011-2012 year — more than three times the national rate of 6 per 1,000. Disabled students were referred at a rate of 61 students per 1,000 kids, compared with a national rate of 14 per 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chino Valley schools’ risk and safety manager Dan Mellon spoke for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confidentiality laws, he said, bar him from addressing Christian’s arrest. But he explained that the district contracts with local police agencies for school resource officers, and those officers decide if a student should be arrested in connection with incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to interfere with a sworn officer’s duties,” he said. And if the school didn’t file a charge, administrators have no influence to get it dropped, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Bernardino district, Ray Culberson, director of the Youth Services program, is trying to ensure that changes occur in both disciplinary procedures and decisions to arrest kids. He grew up in tough circumstances here and feels that kids got more breaks back then than they do now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culberson is pushing for school leaders, campus by campus, to institute “restorative justice” circles, where students and staff air grievances about incidents and amends can be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789070\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson.jpg\" alt=\"Ray Culberson, director of Youth Services for the San Bernardino City Unified School District, says he want to persuade principals to move away from expulsions and arrests by using counseling and conflict-resolution methods.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ray Culberson, director of Youth Services for the San Bernardino City Unified School District, says he want to persuade principals to move away from expulsions and arrests by using counseling and conflict-resolution methods. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the backing of the district attorney’s office in San Bernardino County, he also recently started an informal district “youth court” that he’s urging both principals and police to make use of; they can send kids to this mock court rather than expelling them or sending them into real court. Juries of peers will try kids — if they admit to misconduct — and impose consequences such as an essay of apology, a visit to a hospital or a ride with police on patrol. If they fail, then they face the official system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a homeless boy, 13, facing possible expulsion, was tried for bringing a lighter to school and smoking cigarettes. He was told to write an essay, among other amends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culberson said he knows not everyone in the district is sold on reforms that include having to train in new ways to resolve conflict, like restorative justice, which take time that teachers often say they don’t have. Adults habitually say they want to do “what’s in the best interest of kids,” he said. “Do we do that? We don’t do that with 100 percent fidelity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a downtown San Bernardino County office, juvenile probation officers, some of whom are also posted right on campuses, said they approve of a lot of the new ideas. They also said they think schools have already been working hard to get students plenty of support before they end up arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids arrested on first-time misdemeanors in this county can go to court if they want to contest a charge. But if they admit to a charge, they can get a “diversion” to probation officers, a less formal procedure, and receive referrals for counseling — as well as consequences for what they did, such as mandatory community service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Maria Barton said school cops care, and frequently consult with her before making an arrest. But there are times, she said, when cops have to “deal with the instant moment,” and may have to subdue and arrest kids — and ask questions later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does she think a school cop should intervene if kids are hugging, as Officer Clark allegedly did when he saw Muniz and his girlfriend? At most, that’s a violation of school rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” Barton said. “Any adult who works on a school campus is entitled to anything that deals with those kids. If it’s a custodian, an administrator, a teacher, a clerk, a probation officer, a police officer, when we see something inappropriate it should be addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s quite a bit of inappropriate hugging on campuses, Barton said, and parents want to know that officers are keeping their kids safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But did the officer go too far?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Epps, another probation officer, said it’s difficult to judge without knowing the details. All adults on campus have to watch out for sexual harassment, she said. And she advises juveniles that when a cop gives you orders, the best course of action is “to cooperate in the situation and do what’s being asked of you — and it doesn’t go, perhaps, where it doesn’t need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, Muniz said, the day he was arrested he was trying to stay safe. He was sitting in the vicinity of Officer Clark’s office because some “gangster” kids had been picking on him, and his mother wanted him to stay close to security while out on the quad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d never been in trouble with police, he said, and he was startled at how angry Clark allegedly appeared to be when he came over after the second hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was actually a pretty big event in my life,” Muniz said of the arrest. “I think if it weren’t for that, a lot of things would be different right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the seriousness of the charge, Muniz said, a vice principal he got along well with had no choice but to recommend he be expelled. But at the school-based hearing, Muniz said, “his face was showing regret more than anything else.” Officer Clark spoke out against Muniz at the hearing, identifying him as the aggressor, and to Muniz appeared “the only one determined to win” the recommendation to expel him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Muniz prevailed, and the school expulsion panel decided not to eject him from the district. It helped, he said, that his girlfriend had quickly used Google while he was in custody at school, and found him a lawyer. When he went to court later, he said, the fact that he was spared from expulsion seemed to help. Prosecutors decided not to pursue the case and the charge was dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By that time, though, he felt he’d been stigmatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d missed a lot of class time. He’d been forced to transfer to a special campus for troubled kids that he didn’t like. He and the girlfriend drifted apart. He ended up dropping out, his confidence shaken. He regrets it now, but at the time it seemed like nobody cared. He wants to pursue a GED diploma, but time is limited, as he needs to work and is constantly scrambling to get temporary jobs at warehouses here that are big employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Muniz also said he lost something else with his arrest. Not long before, he was at church with his mother and conversed with a police officer about his career. He began dreaming of becoming a cop. But he says now that he couldn’t stand by and “keep my mouth shut” if he saw a fellow cop abusing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to pursue his lawsuit, which is slowly moving along with pretrial motions, because he felt that Officer Clark thought he was “basically, nobody.” The legal challenge, he said, has helped him feel that’s not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the only way” he said, “that I feel like I have some sort of power.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Over 30,000 kids have been arrested by school police over the last decade -- a rate so high it surpasses arrests of juveniles by municipal police in some of California’s biggest cities.",
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"title": "In San Bernardino, an Epidemic of Questionable Arrests at School | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publicintegrity.org/authors/susan-ferriss\">Susan Ferriss\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publicintegrity.org/authors/amy-isackson\">Amy Isackson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publicintegrity.org/\">The Center for Public Integrity\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN BERNARDINO -- Josue “Josh” Muniz admits that he embraced his girlfriend during lunch, while the pair was out on the quad at Arroyo Valley High School in this city east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He admits that after a school cop ordered him to step away, he did, but lightly hugged his girlfriend again, minutes later, because she was upset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Muniz won’t agree that he deserved what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236884778?secret_token=s-NgNqH&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236884778?secret_token=s-NgNqH'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His girlfriend walked off, and Muniz saw the officer approaching again and directing him to go with him. The cop reached out and “put his hand on my throat,” Muniz said. “That’s when I start freaking out. He tells me to stand up. And that’s when his grip on my throat got a little stronger and when I started really panicking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Muniz pushed at the officer to get him “just a little bit off me,” he said. They tumbled to the ground and the officer “showered” the student with pepper spray, Muniz alleges in a civil lawsuit that’s still pending. The cop handcuffed him, he said, dragged him into a nearby security office by the cuffs and planted a knee in between his shoulder blades while delivering “multiple blows” as Muniz lay face down on a carpet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10788942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10788942\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal.jpg\" alt='Josue \"Josh\" Muniz, now 20, is suing the San Bernardino City Unified School District and a school police officer for excessive force and negligent training. The suit alleges that the officer grabbed Muniz, then 17, by the throat, pepper sprayed him and beat him before arresting Muniz for assault on the cop. Muniz says the officer was upset because he and girlfriend hugged after he ordered them to separate. The charge was dropped in court. ' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizFinal-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josue \"Josh\" Muniz, now 20, is suing the San Bernardino City Unified School District and a school police officer for excessive force and negligent training. The suit alleges that the officer grabbed Muniz, then 17, by the throat, pepper-sprayed him and beat him before arresting Muniz for assault on the cop. Muniz says the officer was upset because he and girlfriend hugged after he ordered them to separate. The charge was dropped in court. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After it was over, the officer read the 17-year-old junior his rights and placed Muniz under arrest — for alleged misdemeanor assault on an officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me that I had ‘f’d up,’ ” Muniz said. “But I never wanted to fight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an initial substantive response in court, the school district claims that Muniz was “careless, reckless, and negligent,” and is the one to blame for any alleged injuries he suffered during the altercation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s arrest in November 2012 sounds extreme, but it was hardly isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, he was one of tens of thousands of juveniles arrested by school police in San Bernardino County over the last decade. The arrests were so numerous in this high-desert region known as the Inland Empire that they surpassed arrests of juveniles by municipal police in some of California’s biggest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsBigCities[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino City Unified School District, where Muniz was a student, has its own police department, with 28 sworn officers, eight support staff and more than 50 campus security officers trained in handcuffing and baton use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department made more than 30,000 arrests of minors between 2005 and 2014. The area has a reputation for youth-gang crime, but only about 9 percent of those arrests were for alleged felonies. Instead, the vast majority of arrests were for minors violating a variety of city ordinances -- such as graffiti violations or daytime curfews -- and for nearly 9,900 allegations of disturbing the peace. That’s a frequently-used catchall that raises questions among critics about whether most of these arrests were necessary for public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Critics say some school officers are turning what should be minor disciplinary actions into criminal justice matters that put kids into the ‘school-to-prison pipeline.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the minors arrested or referred to school police represent some of the most academically vulnerable demographics in the state: low-income Latino and black kids, as well as kids with disabilities, in disproportionate numbers, according to California arrest statistics and national education data examined by the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2012 data collected from U.S. schools by the U.S. Department of Education, the latest available, Muniz’s Arroyo Valley High referred students to law enforcement at a rate of 65 for every 1,000 students. That was more than 10 times the national and California state rate of six per 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those kinds of statistics raise red flags for critics who charge that school officers in some districts, especially those with substantial minority and special-needs populations, are turning what should be minor disciplinary indiscretions into criminal justice matters that put kids on a road to bigger problems — the so-called school-to-prison pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsRates[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, cops, school officials, parents and community groups have started wrestling with how to balance demands for order — and security — without criminalizing kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no state rule to define the role of school police, but some California districts have already taken steps to do that by imposing formal limits on police powers in school, and detailing what situations should require police involvement and what should be handled exclusively by educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Roots of a Trend\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe ranks of school cops have grown nationally since the 1999 massacre of students and faculty at Columbine High School outside Denver. Some inner-city school districts have developed significant police agencies of their own and deployed them on campuses. The fear of terrorism and mass shootings like the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\">rampage in San Bernardino\u003c/a> this month all but guarantee that schools will continue to seek out ways to put police officers on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teens and officers don’t always understand each other, and kids can pay a price when cops’ own conduct gets aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, students in South Carolina precipitated a federal civil rights investigation with videos they surreptitiously shot of a school cop violently arresting a high school girl who’d been using her cellphone, tipping over her desk and dragging her across the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Anita Wilson-Pringle Talks About Her Daughter's Strip Search\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236879347&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236879347'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last April, in the San Bernardino city district, an eighth-grader was allegedly ordered to remove clothing and unhook her bra and shake her breasts to see if she was hiding marijuana, according to her mother, Anita Wilson-Pringle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female vice principal led the search, Wilson-Pringle said, which the district defended as a routine “pat-down.” But Wilson-Pringle alleges that a male campus security officer who works for district police allegedly stood nearby. The district police chief denied that but was unwilling to release an internal review the chief said had been done — not even to Wilson-Pringle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wonder how many other kids have been violated,” Wilson-Pringle said. State law prohibits strip searches by school employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s lawsuit alleges that the San Bernardino city school district failed to properly train and supervise Mark Clark, the officer who confronted him. Clark coaches wrestling in the district and this past summer was promoted to sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their defense, the district and Clark allege in court documents that Muniz “obstructed” a police officer, and that Muniz resisted arrest, causing Clark “to use only such force as was reasonably necessary … to overcome plaintiff’s resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Popka, lawyer for Clark and the district, declined to comment on the case while it’s pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz, now 20, recalled his Mexican immigrant mother arriving at his school to find out how and why he’d been arrested and attempt to figure out what would happen next. Clark decided to write up his citation and release the boy to his mother pending his court date rather than put him in juvenile detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muniz’s mother signed papers in English she didn’t fully understand and burst into tears when she was allowed to see her son, and noticed his abrasions and swollen eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Whether it stops with just an arrest or a citation... it's the beginning of a young person becoming disengaged from school'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I explained to her that I was hugging my girlfriend,” Muniz said. “It didn’t make sense to her. How could a situation have escalated so quickly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar complaints of excessive school police intervention in other parts of the Golden State have pushed some prominent school districts to more narrowly define the role of school police on campuses and institute more oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles and San Francisco school districts now have agreements forged in 2013 and 2014, respectively, defining discipline as the responsibility of educators, not police, and instituting limits on officer interrogations, arrests and tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technically, a young person may commit a crime” by making threats, or getting into a physical fight, said Donna Groman, supervising judge of the delinquency division of Los Angeles County Juvenile Court. “It could be viewed as criminal conduct, but it might not be the type of conduct that really benefits a young person to be arrested and injected to the juvenile justice system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10788944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10788944\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal.jpg\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-400x303.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-800x607.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-1440x1092.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-1180x895.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/MunizInjuryFinal-960x728.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josue “Josh” Muniz was left with bruises, scrapes and burns from pepper spray after a school police officer subdued him. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Josue Muniz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Police arrests should be selective — reserved for the most serious incidents — because any exposure to the juvenile justice system is harmful to minors, Groman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groman arrived at her view from her experience as a judge. She also points to research finding that an arrest, a court appearance, and even brief detention, especially for minor infractions, actually increase a minor’s risk of dropping out and getting into more serious crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it stops with just an arrest or a citation,” she said, “that doesn’t matter. The harm has already been done and it’s difficult to undo that harm. It’s the beginning of a young person becoming disengaged from school, which is one thing you’re trying to avoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alarming Stats\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn San Bernardino County overall, where political support for law enforcement traditionally runs strong, data show that 37 percent of minors funneled into the criminal justice system for misdemeanors were put there by just two school police departments — San Bernardino’s and the Fontana Unified School District police. San Bernardino is the largest county in the nation, encompassing over 20,000 square miles and containing more than 20 distinct cities, vast swaths of unincorporated areas and 2.1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, municipal cops in the city of San Bernardino have arrested just 6,923 minors in all, compared with the 30,000-plus arrests by school district police in the city. School cops do engage in enforcement off campus. But their primary turf is a district of about 54,000 students. City cops patrol a city of 215,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Last year, San Bernardino school cops arrested more kids than municipal cops in Sacramento, Oakland or San Francisco.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The state data also detail how few arrests by school police were for felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 27,000 of the 30,000-plus arrests of minors by San Bernardino school cops were for misdemeanor charges. About 36 percent of those were for disturbing the peace — a charge that can range from disruptive, loud behavior to physical fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data show that the department’s arrests did decline, from 4,043 in 2005 to 1,078 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, based on state records, San Bernardino school cops still arrested more kids than municipal cops in Sacramento, Oakland or San Francisco. They even arrested more kids than police who patrol the nation’s second=largest school district — Los Angeles Unified — which has a student body that’s more than 10 times larger than San Bernardino’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That level of arrests is an alarm,” said attorney Ruth Cusick of Public Counsel, an L.A.-based pro bono law group that has collaborated with Groman on school police reforms. Those who think it’s natural for police in schools to arrest more kids than regular cops, she said, are denying the harm it does to kids and to relationships with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A steady stream of arrests, she said, “basically communicate[s] to students, ‘You’re not part of the community.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the MO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSan Bernardino school police Chief Joe Paulino agreed to meet at Arroyo Valley High, where Josue Muniz was arrested in 2012, to discuss the historically high volume of arrests — and reforms he agrees are needed and that he says are underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we’re emerging from that history,” Paulino said, “to this new place where we no longer believe that we have to attack these things [minor infractions] to be able to keep our youth safe. And we’re looking at it from not a zero tolerance to more of a tolerance to these behaviors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789019\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino.jpg\" alt=\"San Bernardino City Unified School District Police Chief Joe Paulino stands in an atrium at the Arroyo Valley High School, where a former student who is suing the district was arrested in November 2012.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-400x526.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-1440x1894.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/SBPaulino-960x1263.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Bernardino City Unified School District Police Chief Joe Paulino stands in an atrium at the Arroyo Valley High School, where a former student who is suing the district was arrested in November 2012. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The district in November started talks to identify circumstances that don’t merit police intervention, Paulino said. Officers are already mindful to follow a new “matrix” calling for students to get an opportunity to correct misbehavior — like a first-time fight — before they face arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paulino also said officers are now handing out “positive tickets” and prizes to students identified as having done good deeds. The practice is part of a “different mindset,” he said, that police are developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still a maxim posted on the department’s website that says the purpose of citations — the real ones that put kids into the justice system for alleged crimes — “is not to punish them but to help them change bad behavior patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe that anybody should be handcuffed because they’re kissing,” he said. “However, it if turns into where I request that you go to class and it becomes violent, then again, we as police officers have the right to be able to defend ourselves as well as others we believe may be injured by another’s action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trouble in Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in San Bernardino County, there are other signs of problematic school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offices with the 40,000-student Fontana Unified School District, not far from the city of San Bernardino, arrested 10,741 juveniles over the last decade, a volume that also surpassed the 7,474 arrests of minors by Fontana city police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[PublicIntegritySB]sanBernadinoSchoolsTwoCities[/PublicIntegritySB]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana school cops run the Fontana Leadership Intervention Program, a counseling and boot-camp program for students identified at school or in court as “at-risk.” In 2012, an officer who coordinated the FLIP program, which took kids on trips to colleges and prisons, was fired because he had allegedly boasted of having sex with mothers of kids in the program, according to documents in lawsuits filed by school staff. (see sidebar)[SP1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of Chino, the case of a student with Down syndrome who was arrested at his high school exemplifies concerns at the legal defense group Disability Rights California that special-needs kids are getting criminalized at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krystine Roldan, the guardian and sister of the student with Down syndrome, was shocked when she received word that her brother, Christian, had been arrested in 2013 at Ayala High School in the Chino Valley Unified School District. He was charged with resisting a peace officer. Roldan said she found her 16-year-old brother “crumpled up” and hogtied, inside the back of a sheriff’s vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789075\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan.jpg\" alt=\"Christian Roldan, 18, holds his dog at home. He has Down syndrome and can respond to questions only with one or two-word replies. He was hogtied and arrested in 2013 for resisting a school police officer’s attempts to search him at the Chino Valley Unified School District. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-1440x1001.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ChristianRoldan-960x668.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christian Roldan, 18, holds his dog at home. He has Down syndrome and can respond to questions only with one or two-word replies. He was hogtied and arrested in 2013 for resisting a school police officer’s attempts to search him at the Chino Valley Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“His hands are behind his back and his feet are tied together with handcuffs and they’re connected and he’s sweating. He’s crying,” Roldan recalled. “I kept saying you guys have to let him go. He has breathing issues.” The deputies said Christian had made threats. Roldan pointed out that Christian can only respond to questions with one- or two-word answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayala’s school resource office — a county sheriff’s deputy on contract — wrote up a report about an incident that led to Christian’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christian left class to go to the bathroom, unsupervised, and was later found sitting in an outside area on two airsoft guns, replica firearms that shoot plastic pellets. Roldan said she doesn’t know where he got the airsoft guns. The school officer doesn’t speculate in her report. A teacher picked up the prohibited replica guns, and Christian walked with him to the police office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer was told he had Down syndrome. She began questioning the teen about the guns. She wrote that he appeared agitated, “had his hands clenched in fists” and “would not cooperate with my commands.” She wanted to search him for any other weapons. He “mouthed” a profanity. She called for more deputies, and they “escorted him to the floor to gain control of his arms and body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christian was restrained, searched and taken to a patrol vehicle. “No additional contraband was found on his person,” the resource officer wrote. Yet he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Krystine Roldan on Her Disabled Brother's Rough Arrest\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173816144?secret_token=s-L2ghl&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173816144?secret_token=s-L2ghl'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After sitting in a jail cell with his sister, Christian was released to his sister that day, but out of school for months. Therapists said it was too traumatic for him to return to the school, but the district said it couldn’t find another suitable placement for him, until after Roldan contacted Disability Rights for help, she said. She also had to take Christian to juvenile court two times to answer to his criminal charge before a judge was satisfied he had Down Syndrome and dismissed the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought they were there to protect him,” Roldan said of educators and police. He’s still terrified of police, she said, and she’s worried he won’t ask for help when he needs it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data show that the Chino Valley district referred students to law enforcement at rate of 21 for every 1,000 pupils during the 2011-2012 year — more than three times the national rate of 6 per 1,000. Disabled students were referred at a rate of 61 students per 1,000 kids, compared with a national rate of 14 per 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chino Valley schools’ risk and safety manager Dan Mellon spoke for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confidentiality laws, he said, bar him from addressing Christian’s arrest. But he explained that the district contracts with local police agencies for school resource officers, and those officers decide if a student should be arrested in connection with incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to interfere with a sworn officer’s duties,” he said. And if the school didn’t file a charge, administrators have no influence to get it dropped, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Bernardino district, Ray Culberson, director of the Youth Services program, is trying to ensure that changes occur in both disciplinary procedures and decisions to arrest kids. He grew up in tough circumstances here and feels that kids got more breaks back then than they do now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culberson is pushing for school leaders, campus by campus, to institute “restorative justice” circles, where students and staff air grievances about incidents and amends can be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10789070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10789070\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson.jpg\" alt=\"Ray Culberson, director of Youth Services for the San Bernardino City Unified School District, says he want to persuade principals to move away from expulsions and arrests by using counseling and conflict-resolution methods.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/RayCulberson-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ray Culberson, director of Youth Services for the San Bernardino City Unified School District, says he want to persuade principals to move away from expulsions and arrests by using counseling and conflict-resolution methods. \u003ccite>(Susan Ferriss/Center for Public Integrity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the backing of the district attorney’s office in San Bernardino County, he also recently started an informal district “youth court” that he’s urging both principals and police to make use of; they can send kids to this mock court rather than expelling them or sending them into real court. Juries of peers will try kids — if they admit to misconduct — and impose consequences such as an essay of apology, a visit to a hospital or a ride with police on patrol. If they fail, then they face the official system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a homeless boy, 13, facing possible expulsion, was tried for bringing a lighter to school and smoking cigarettes. He was told to write an essay, among other amends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culberson said he knows not everyone in the district is sold on reforms that include having to train in new ways to resolve conflict, like restorative justice, which take time that teachers often say they don’t have. Adults habitually say they want to do “what’s in the best interest of kids,” he said. “Do we do that? We don’t do that with 100 percent fidelity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a downtown San Bernardino County office, juvenile probation officers, some of whom are also posted right on campuses, said they approve of a lot of the new ideas. They also said they think schools have already been working hard to get students plenty of support before they end up arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids arrested on first-time misdemeanors in this county can go to court if they want to contest a charge. But if they admit to a charge, they can get a “diversion” to probation officers, a less formal procedure, and receive referrals for counseling — as well as consequences for what they did, such as mandatory community service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Maria Barton said school cops care, and frequently consult with her before making an arrest. But there are times, she said, when cops have to “deal with the instant moment,” and may have to subdue and arrest kids — and ask questions later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does she think a school cop should intervene if kids are hugging, as Officer Clark allegedly did when he saw Muniz and his girlfriend? At most, that’s a violation of school rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” Barton said. “Any adult who works on a school campus is entitled to anything that deals with those kids. If it’s a custodian, an administrator, a teacher, a clerk, a probation officer, a police officer, when we see something inappropriate it should be addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s quite a bit of inappropriate hugging on campuses, Barton said, and parents want to know that officers are keeping their kids safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But did the officer go too far?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Epps, another probation officer, said it’s difficult to judge without knowing the details. All adults on campus have to watch out for sexual harassment, she said. And she advises juveniles that when a cop gives you orders, the best course of action is “to cooperate in the situation and do what’s being asked of you — and it doesn’t go, perhaps, where it doesn’t need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, Muniz said, the day he was arrested he was trying to stay safe. He was sitting in the vicinity of Officer Clark’s office because some “gangster” kids had been picking on him, and his mother wanted him to stay close to security while out on the quad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d never been in trouble with police, he said, and he was startled at how angry Clark allegedly appeared to be when he came over after the second hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was actually a pretty big event in my life,” Muniz said of the arrest. “I think if it weren’t for that, a lot of things would be different right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the seriousness of the charge, Muniz said, a vice principal he got along well with had no choice but to recommend he be expelled. But at the school-based hearing, Muniz said, “his face was showing regret more than anything else.” Officer Clark spoke out against Muniz at the hearing, identifying him as the aggressor, and to Muniz appeared “the only one determined to win” the recommendation to expel him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Muniz prevailed, and the school expulsion panel decided not to eject him from the district. It helped, he said, that his girlfriend had quickly used Google while he was in custody at school, and found him a lawyer. When he went to court later, he said, the fact that he was spared from expulsion seemed to help. Prosecutors decided not to pursue the case and the charge was dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By that time, though, he felt he’d been stigmatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d missed a lot of class time. He’d been forced to transfer to a special campus for troubled kids that he didn’t like. He and the girlfriend drifted apart. He ended up dropping out, his confidence shaken. He regrets it now, but at the time it seemed like nobody cared. He wants to pursue a GED diploma, but time is limited, as he needs to work and is constantly scrambling to get temporary jobs at warehouses here that are big employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Muniz also said he lost something else with his arrest. Not long before, he was at church with his mother and conversed with a police officer about his career. He began dreaming of becoming a cop. But he says now that he couldn’t stand by and “keep my mouth shut” if he saw a fellow cop abusing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to pursue his lawsuit, which is slowly moving along with pretrial motions, because he felt that Officer Clark thought he was “basically, nobody.” The legal challenge, he said, has helped him feel that’s not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mixed Record in Sacramento on Gun Control Laws; New Calls For Further Limits",
"title": "Mixed Record in Sacramento on Gun Control Laws; New Calls For Further Limits",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The Golden State is known for having the strongest gun restrictions in the nation -- but efforts in the state Capitol to push those laws even further in recent years have ended with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and the Democratic-controlled state Legislature have created 28 new laws that strengthened gun control in California since 2011, when Brown took office. But a KQED News analysis of five years of legislative records shows the governor has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-signs-11-gun-related-laws-vetoes-4889448.php\" target=\"_blank\">vetoed some of the strongest measures\u003c/a> passed by lawmakers over the past five years. Meanwhile, the Legislature itself has killed another 28 proposed laws aimed at further restricting guns and ammunition in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the analysis paints a more nuanced picture of state leaders' positions on gun control than national headlines might suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236792049\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 97 gun bills have been introduced since 2011, the majority to expand gun controls. But in addition to killing dozens of those measures, the governor or Legislature has also supported a handful that \u003cem>expanded\u003c/em> gun rights, mostly for retired law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Since 2011:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lawmakers have introduced 97 gun-related bills.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gov. Jerry Brown has signed 28 gun control measures and nine that expand gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Brown has vetoed 13 gun control bills and two that would have expanded gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Legislature has killed 28 gun control measures and 17 that would have expanded gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gun control advocates recently won a big victory, successfully pushing a law taking effect Jan. 1 creating a way to obtain a court order to take guns away from unstable and potentially dangerous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve also seen measures die that would have regulated ammunition sales, expanded the list of banned firearms and limited the ability of the mentally ill to get weapons. Most notably, in 2013 Brown vetoed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB374\" target=\"_blank\">SB347\u003c/a>, which would have expanded the definition of assault weapons and banned the sale of semi-automatic rifles with detachable magazines. The suspects in last week's massacre in San Bernardino used just such weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Wilcox has been lobbying for tougher gun controls for a decade in Sacramento for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bradycampaign.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence\u003c/a>. She says gun control advocates have a strong winning record in California -- in over 10 years, she said, they have helped shepherd 45 bills into law while successfully killing any legislative proposals that they opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, \"The governor is a challenge for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is a wild card on this issue,\" Wilcox said. \"He has signed very innovative strong, controversial, good -- from my perspective -- gun bills, and he has vetoed some very good strong gun bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clint Monfort, an attorney who represents gun rights groups with the Long Beach firm Michel and Associates, agrees that the governor has a mixed record when it comes to gun control -- though he says far more gun control bills have been signed than vetoed, and no major gun control measures have been repealed under Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort said none of the measures that have failed in Sacramento in recent years would have prevented the San Bernardino tragedy -- in particular SB347, which some Democratic lawmakers are talking about reviving in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, the type of firearm that is being used in these incidences isn’t really making much of a difference when you walk into a room full of, you know, 30, 50, 100 unarmed people or unarmed children,\" Monfort said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort says SB347 would have outlawed \"90 percent of all rifles -- most of which are used for hunting.\" In \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB374\" target=\"_blank\">vetoing the bill\u003c/a>, the governor said the legislation was far too broad and would have required hundreds of thousands of owners of legally acquired rifles to register them as assault weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown seems unlikely to embrace any sweeping new gun control proposals: On Saturday, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-signs-11-gun-related-laws-vetoes-4889448.php\" target=\"_blank\"> told the Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that California already has some of the nation's strongest gun laws and pointed to neighboring states such as Nevada and Arizona as a \"gigantic back door through which any terrorist can walk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature isn't the only place where previously defeated gun control proposals are resurfacing. In October, Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/15/gavin-newsom-gun-control-ballot-initiative\" target=\"_blank\">unveiled\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0098%20%28Firearms%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">ballot measure\u003c/a> that would resurrect a number of restrictions that have failed in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: The regulation and tracking of ammunition sales, including background checks; requiring people to report when a firearm has been lost or stolen; and outlawing the possession of large-capacity magazines that had been grandfathered in when the state banned their sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should get our arms around the fact that anybody can sell ammunition in California,\" Newsom said. \"There's no licensing requirements for anybody to get into the business of the sale of ammunition, and there's no background checks on the most deadly component of the weapon. It’s not guns that kill people, it's not people that kill people, it's the bullets themselves, and it just seems to me that California has a real and immediate opportunity to take leadership in this respect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed out that the accused San Bernardino shooters had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/03/police-say-san-bernardino-attackers-stockpiled-ammo-home-made-bombs-before-assault\" target=\"_blank\">stockpiled thousands of rounds of ammunition\u003c/a> legally and with no one noticing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort argues that regulating ammunition is ineffective because it's not unusual for gun enthusiasts to buy 1,000 or 2,000 rounds at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was tried and failed at the federal level in 1986 ... it was repealed because it was so ineffective,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet voters in California have embraced gun controls before, and Newsom said in general he has more hope for success around gun control at the ballot box than in the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new strategy for gun safety in this country is now bottom up, not top down,\" he said, adding that cities and states need to take action since Congress won't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If not us, then who?\" Newsom asked. \"If we can assert ourselves, if we can prove a policy, a principle, it will increase the likelihood that others will take a look at it and increase the likelihood that they may adopt similar strategies in other states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Monfort said policymakers should focus on \"problem individuals ... instead of just passing another gun law that won't have any effect,\" Wilcox argued gun restrictions absolutely work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone runs a stop sign and causes a car accident, I never hear, 'Stop signs don't work, get rid of the stop signs,' \" she said. \"Why should that be different with gun violence? We will never stop all the shootings but we can bring down the rate by common-sense gun laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A KQED analysis finds Brown and Legislature have had a mixed record -- and occasional conflicts -- on past gun control legislation.",
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"headline": "Mixed Record in Sacramento on Gun Control Laws; New Calls For Further Limits",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Golden State is known for having the strongest gun restrictions in the nation -- but efforts in the state Capitol to push those laws even further in recent years have ended with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and the Democratic-controlled state Legislature have created 28 new laws that strengthened gun control in California since 2011, when Brown took office. But a KQED News analysis of five years of legislative records shows the governor has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-signs-11-gun-related-laws-vetoes-4889448.php\" target=\"_blank\">vetoed some of the strongest measures\u003c/a> passed by lawmakers over the past five years. Meanwhile, the Legislature itself has killed another 28 proposed laws aimed at further restricting guns and ammunition in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the analysis paints a more nuanced picture of state leaders' positions on gun control than national headlines might suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236792049&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236792049'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 97 gun bills have been introduced since 2011, the majority to expand gun controls. But in addition to killing dozens of those measures, the governor or Legislature has also supported a handful that \u003cem>expanded\u003c/em> gun rights, mostly for retired law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Since 2011:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lawmakers have introduced 97 gun-related bills.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gov. Jerry Brown has signed 28 gun control measures and nine that expand gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Brown has vetoed 13 gun control bills and two that would have expanded gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Legislature has killed 28 gun control measures and 17 that would have expanded gun rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gun control advocates recently won a big victory, successfully pushing a law taking effect Jan. 1 creating a way to obtain a court order to take guns away from unstable and potentially dangerous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’ve also seen measures die that would have regulated ammunition sales, expanded the list of banned firearms and limited the ability of the mentally ill to get weapons. Most notably, in 2013 Brown vetoed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB374\" target=\"_blank\">SB347\u003c/a>, which would have expanded the definition of assault weapons and banned the sale of semi-automatic rifles with detachable magazines. The suspects in last week's massacre in San Bernardino used just such weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Wilcox has been lobbying for tougher gun controls for a decade in Sacramento for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bradycampaign.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence\u003c/a>. She says gun control advocates have a strong winning record in California -- in over 10 years, she said, they have helped shepherd 45 bills into law while successfully killing any legislative proposals that they opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, \"The governor is a challenge for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is a wild card on this issue,\" Wilcox said. \"He has signed very innovative strong, controversial, good -- from my perspective -- gun bills, and he has vetoed some very good strong gun bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clint Monfort, an attorney who represents gun rights groups with the Long Beach firm Michel and Associates, agrees that the governor has a mixed record when it comes to gun control -- though he says far more gun control bills have been signed than vetoed, and no major gun control measures have been repealed under Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort said none of the measures that have failed in Sacramento in recent years would have prevented the San Bernardino tragedy -- in particular SB347, which some Democratic lawmakers are talking about reviving in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, the type of firearm that is being used in these incidences isn’t really making much of a difference when you walk into a room full of, you know, 30, 50, 100 unarmed people or unarmed children,\" Monfort said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort says SB347 would have outlawed \"90 percent of all rifles -- most of which are used for hunting.\" In \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB374\" target=\"_blank\">vetoing the bill\u003c/a>, the governor said the legislation was far too broad and would have required hundreds of thousands of owners of legally acquired rifles to register them as assault weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown seems unlikely to embrace any sweeping new gun control proposals: On Saturday, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-signs-11-gun-related-laws-vetoes-4889448.php\" target=\"_blank\"> told the Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that California already has some of the nation's strongest gun laws and pointed to neighboring states such as Nevada and Arizona as a \"gigantic back door through which any terrorist can walk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature isn't the only place where previously defeated gun control proposals are resurfacing. In October, Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/15/gavin-newsom-gun-control-ballot-initiative\" target=\"_blank\">unveiled\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0098%20%28Firearms%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">ballot measure\u003c/a> that would resurrect a number of restrictions that have failed in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: The regulation and tracking of ammunition sales, including background checks; requiring people to report when a firearm has been lost or stolen; and outlawing the possession of large-capacity magazines that had been grandfathered in when the state banned their sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should get our arms around the fact that anybody can sell ammunition in California,\" Newsom said. \"There's no licensing requirements for anybody to get into the business of the sale of ammunition, and there's no background checks on the most deadly component of the weapon. It’s not guns that kill people, it's not people that kill people, it's the bullets themselves, and it just seems to me that California has a real and immediate opportunity to take leadership in this respect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed out that the accused San Bernardino shooters had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/03/police-say-san-bernardino-attackers-stockpiled-ammo-home-made-bombs-before-assault\" target=\"_blank\">stockpiled thousands of rounds of ammunition\u003c/a> legally and with no one noticing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monfort argues that regulating ammunition is ineffective because it's not unusual for gun enthusiasts to buy 1,000 or 2,000 rounds at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was tried and failed at the federal level in 1986 ... it was repealed because it was so ineffective,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet voters in California have embraced gun controls before, and Newsom said in general he has more hope for success around gun control at the ballot box than in the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new strategy for gun safety in this country is now bottom up, not top down,\" he said, adding that cities and states need to take action since Congress won't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If not us, then who?\" Newsom asked. \"If we can assert ourselves, if we can prove a policy, a principle, it will increase the likelihood that others will take a look at it and increase the likelihood that they may adopt similar strategies in other states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Monfort said policymakers should focus on \"problem individuals ... instead of just passing another gun law that won't have any effect,\" Wilcox argued gun restrictions absolutely work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone runs a stop sign and causes a car accident, I never hear, 'Stop signs don't work, get rid of the stop signs,' \" she said. \"Why should that be different with gun violence? We will never stop all the shootings but we can bring down the rate by common-sense gun laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When Drawing Legislative Maps, Should States Count People -- or Only Voters?",
"title": "When Drawing Legislative Maps, Should States Count People -- or Only Voters?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday heard an elections case that could dramatically change the way state legislative districts are drawn and could tilt some states in a decidedly more Republican direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Constitution is clear. The House of Representatives is to be apportioned based on the total population in each congressional district, and the census is to count each person, whether eligible to vote or not, so that all are represented. The status of state legislative districts, however, is less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 1964, state legislative districts often varied wildly in population. In Alabama, for instance, the population variances between two state Senate districts was 41-1. In a landmark 1964 decision, the Supreme Court struck down the Alabama redistricting and ruled by an 8-1 vote that the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection mandates the principle of \"one person, one vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Outcome could impact political clout of Latinos in California\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what does that mean? Does it mean that the total population of state legislative districts should be equal, or does it mean the number of eligible voters in the districts should be equal, or the number of registered voters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has never specifically answered that question, but virtually all the states now draw lines for their legislative districts based on equality of total population, not eligible or registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should that change, it would mean that children, and immigrants, both legal and illegal, and other groups would be excluded from the population count when state legislative districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit before the Supreme Court seeks to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Texas voters are challenging the 2010 Texas reapportionment as unconstitutional because it created 31 state Senate districts to be as equal as possible in total population. The challengers claim that the correct constitutional metric should be eligible voters, not total population. Using that standard, they say that the Texas Senate map gives them roughly 50 percent less voting power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/458795687/458887885\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sue Evenwel, a member of the Texas State Republican Executive Committee, is the lead plaintiff. She notes, for instance, that her mainly rural district has 584,000 citizens eligible to vote, while a neighboring rural district, equal in total population, has only 372,000 eligible voters. Evenwel argues that the Texas districting scheme violates the \"one person, one vote\" principle because her vote has less weight relative to a person in a neighboring district with fewer eligible voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-dominated Texas government nonetheless defends total population as the best and most reliable means of ensuring equality in representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal census data right now doesn't ask for citizenship,\" notes Texas Solicitor General Scott Keller. \"So, we are using the best data set available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hiQSuIsKsIscvRrFQ3SdJKMOL4fgardW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller maintains that under previous Supreme Court rulings, the state can choose which population it is seeking to equalize, as long as it is not targeting one group for discrimination. \"Texas, like every other state, has used total population for decades,\" he observes, adding that \"there has been no claim that there's been unfair representation or our system of democracy has been undermined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge to the Texas redistricting has been coordinated by conservative activist Edward Blum. Some have called him the \"mastermind\" behind a series of cases that have successfully challenged long-established civil rights principles. Two years ago, Blum and a small cadre of lawyers succeeded in gutting a key portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. This week he has two more cases before the high court: the legislative districting case and another case he spearheaded, also from Texas, challenging affirmative action programs in state college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blum used to be quite open about his work, but he is no longer talking to broadcasters, he says, because he isn't good at it. The lawyers arguing the cases are not talking either. So we turned to Ilya Shapiro, a senior fellow at the conservative and libertarian Cato Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a situation where one person's vote is effectively worth half of what another person's vote is in the neighboring district, that, I think, is a problem,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro points to Utah, a state with a high birthrate, as an example of a state that has greater representation for rural districts with lots of children, than for the urban and \"more hipster\" district that includes the city of Salt Lake. But ultimately, he tracks the disparities between total population and eligible voters to the immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last half century, he says, total population has generally tracked eligible voting population. The late 1960s and early 1970s represented the \"lowest foreign-born population in this country that we've had in at least the last hundred years or so,\" Shapiro adds. \"And now, we're approaching the highest again, so that's why you have this disparity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, who wrote a brief siding with the challengers in this case, contends that the Constitution is based on voter equality and not population equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Gans, of the liberal-leaning Constitutional Accountability Center, co-authored a contrary brief, noting that when Congress debated and passed the 14th Amendment following the Civil War, the fight was over who should be covered by the equal protection guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side were those making the same argument that the challengers are in this case, he says, namely that \"representation should be based on number of voters.\" Had that view prevailed, he notes, it \"would have excluded women; it would have excluded aliens; it would have excluded children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he continues, that view did not prevail; it was repeatedly voted down by the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory that the framers of the 14th Amendment adopted was to include everyone in the population so as to ensure \"that everyone's voices are accounted for in representation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one other aspect of this case: the pragmatic difficulty of creating districts of equal numbers of voters when those numbers are not compiled anywhere, when voting rolls are notoriously inaccurate, fluctuating and unpurged, and when people age into the voting population every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brief filed by five demographers contends that it could be done, using a tried-and-true Census Bureau sampling technique instead of actual enumeration. But a brief filed by former Census Bureau chiefs from both Republican and Democratic administrations says that adequate data for a citizen-only, eligible-voter population count simply does not exist now, nor is it likely that sufficiently precise and reliable data of that kind could be obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Drawing+Districts%2C+Should+States+Count+Each+Person+Or+Each+Voter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A case before the Supreme Court could dramatically change the way legislative districts are drawn, and could tilt some states in a decidedly more Republican direction.",
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"title": "When Drawing Legislative Maps, Should States Count People -- or Only Voters? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday heard an elections case that could dramatically change the way state legislative districts are drawn and could tilt some states in a decidedly more Republican direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Constitution is clear. The House of Representatives is to be apportioned based on the total population in each congressional district, and the census is to count each person, whether eligible to vote or not, so that all are represented. The status of state legislative districts, however, is less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 1964, state legislative districts often varied wildly in population. In Alabama, for instance, the population variances between two state Senate districts was 41-1. In a landmark 1964 decision, the Supreme Court struck down the Alabama redistricting and ruled by an 8-1 vote that the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection mandates the principle of \"one person, one vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Outcome could impact political clout of Latinos in California\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what does that mean? Does it mean that the total population of state legislative districts should be equal, or does it mean the number of eligible voters in the districts should be equal, or the number of registered voters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has never specifically answered that question, but virtually all the states now draw lines for their legislative districts based on equality of total population, not eligible or registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should that change, it would mean that children, and immigrants, both legal and illegal, and other groups would be excluded from the population count when state legislative districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit before the Supreme Court seeks to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Texas voters are challenging the 2010 Texas reapportionment as unconstitutional because it created 31 state Senate districts to be as equal as possible in total population. The challengers claim that the correct constitutional metric should be eligible voters, not total population. Using that standard, they say that the Texas Senate map gives them roughly 50 percent less voting power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/458795687/458887885\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sue Evenwel, a member of the Texas State Republican Executive Committee, is the lead plaintiff. She notes, for instance, that her mainly rural district has 584,000 citizens eligible to vote, while a neighboring rural district, equal in total population, has only 372,000 eligible voters. Evenwel argues that the Texas districting scheme violates the \"one person, one vote\" principle because her vote has less weight relative to a person in a neighboring district with fewer eligible voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-dominated Texas government nonetheless defends total population as the best and most reliable means of ensuring equality in representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal census data right now doesn't ask for citizenship,\" notes Texas Solicitor General Scott Keller. \"So, we are using the best data set available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller maintains that under previous Supreme Court rulings, the state can choose which population it is seeking to equalize, as long as it is not targeting one group for discrimination. \"Texas, like every other state, has used total population for decades,\" he observes, adding that \"there has been no claim that there's been unfair representation or our system of democracy has been undermined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge to the Texas redistricting has been coordinated by conservative activist Edward Blum. Some have called him the \"mastermind\" behind a series of cases that have successfully challenged long-established civil rights principles. Two years ago, Blum and a small cadre of lawyers succeeded in gutting a key portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. This week he has two more cases before the high court: the legislative districting case and another case he spearheaded, also from Texas, challenging affirmative action programs in state college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blum used to be quite open about his work, but he is no longer talking to broadcasters, he says, because he isn't good at it. The lawyers arguing the cases are not talking either. So we turned to Ilya Shapiro, a senior fellow at the conservative and libertarian Cato Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a situation where one person's vote is effectively worth half of what another person's vote is in the neighboring district, that, I think, is a problem,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro points to Utah, a state with a high birthrate, as an example of a state that has greater representation for rural districts with lots of children, than for the urban and \"more hipster\" district that includes the city of Salt Lake. But ultimately, he tracks the disparities between total population and eligible voters to the immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last half century, he says, total population has generally tracked eligible voting population. The late 1960s and early 1970s represented the \"lowest foreign-born population in this country that we've had in at least the last hundred years or so,\" Shapiro adds. \"And now, we're approaching the highest again, so that's why you have this disparity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, who wrote a brief siding with the challengers in this case, contends that the Constitution is based on voter equality and not population equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Gans, of the liberal-leaning Constitutional Accountability Center, co-authored a contrary brief, noting that when Congress debated and passed the 14th Amendment following the Civil War, the fight was over who should be covered by the equal protection guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side were those making the same argument that the challengers are in this case, he says, namely that \"representation should be based on number of voters.\" Had that view prevailed, he notes, it \"would have excluded women; it would have excluded aliens; it would have excluded children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he continues, that view did not prevail; it was repeatedly voted down by the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory that the framers of the 14th Amendment adopted was to include everyone in the population so as to ensure \"that everyone's voices are accounted for in representation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one other aspect of this case: the pragmatic difficulty of creating districts of equal numbers of voters when those numbers are not compiled anywhere, when voting rolls are notoriously inaccurate, fluctuating and unpurged, and when people age into the voting population every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brief filed by five demographers contends that it could be done, using a tried-and-true Census Bureau sampling technique instead of actual enumeration. But a brief filed by former Census Bureau chiefs from both Republican and Democratic administrations says that adequate data for a citizen-only, eligible-voter population count simply does not exist now, nor is it likely that sufficiently precise and reliable data of that kind could be obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Drawing+Districts%2C+Should+States+Count+Each+Person+Or+Each+Voter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Interpreters Finally Coming to California's Civil Courts",
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"content": "\u003cp>Judge Christopher Bowen called his next case from the bench of his family law courtroom in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cc-courts.org/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>, just east of San Francisco. The two parties -- Maria Plascencia and Guillermo Castorena -- took their seats at a long wooden table in front of him. As the clerk swore them in, the former couple faced forward, never making eye contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between them sat a woman in her mid-30s with shoulder-length brown hair and glasses: Jessica McBride. Vital to the proceedings, McBride was not a witness or a lawyer; she is the court’s Spanish-language interpreter. As the judge spoke she murmured along, translating words almost as quickly as she heard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What did he do with the knife and the belt?” Through the interpreter, Bowen sought to clarify the allegations against Castorena before making a ruling on a restraining order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine, but court interpreters like McBride haven’t always been provided, even in domestic violence cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The statute required it, but only if funding was available,” Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin said. “So most courts tried very hard to cover that, but they couldn’t always cover it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10786268\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10786268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin.jpg\" alt=\"Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin\" width=\"404\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin \u003ccite>(Lowell Richards/Contra Costa Superior Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that is starting to change, Austin is on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/LAP.htm\">task force\u003c/a> the \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/supremecourt.htm\">State Supreme Court\u003c/a> set up this year to roll out its \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/languageaccess.htm\">Language Access Plan\u003c/a>. Launched in January 2015, Austin said one of the first things the task force did was expand court interpreter services to domestic violence cases. But it is not stopping there. Its aim is to make the California justice system accessible to all Californians -- from court signs and forms to \u003cem>all\u003c/em> court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s state constitution requires that interpreters be provided in criminal cases, up until now civil matters -- from eviction hearings to custody battles -- haven’t been covered. And Austin says the ad hoc interpreters people bring in are untrained. Some are even children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely inappropriate when you have a family law case to have the child who is the subject of the case being the one who comes in to interpret,” Austin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239417957\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan is almost a year in, but the full implementation of it is a vast project that has only just started, according to California Supreme Court Justice \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/28724.htm\">Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar\u003c/a>, who chairs the task force. At 43, Cuéllar has already had an illustrious career serving in both the Obama and Clinton administrations. Now, as a California Supreme Court justice, Cuéllar has set an ambitious goal for his task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have 7 million Californians who speak a language primarily other than English and have limited English proficiency. That’s 200 different languages spoken across 164,000 square miles,” Cuéllar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the biggest challenge, though, is just communicating that it's both doable and affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to try to keep the cost as low as we can so that we can cover this in a way that is fair to everybody and that is fair to California’s taxpayers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s completely inappropriate when you have a family law case to have the child who is the subject of the case being the one who comes in to interpret.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Currently, court interpreters cost the state about $94.6 million\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>but Cuéllar said the expansion would take even more. In order to figure out how much more, the task force is assessing what the need is and how to meet it. By looking at what’s happening in California’s 58 counties, Cuéllar said his task force is learning what works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got L.A. doing the family court expansion,” he said. “You’ve got San Francisco also doing a very serious civil expansion. You’ve got Ventura using a very good framework for dealing with its interpreters. Fresno looking at using video where appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa’s family court, Maria Plascencia headed outside after her hearing. Judge Bowen granted the restraining order in her case. During the hearing there was a whole range of questions that both parties needed to understand and settle, from who’s included in the restraining order to when the kids can visit their father. Plascencia said having the interpreter helped her through this difficult process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qnKLFnRzvkoNrt7opbUWZQuvWN1nAotW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You always feel more comfortable in your own language,” she said. “And you know the decisions the judge is making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin, the presiding judge, said it’s not just Californians who speak limited English who are helped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me as a judge, it’s really great to be able to have people tell me their story,” he said. “It makes you feel like you’re doing the right thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa’s interpreter services are funded for the next year, but its ability to continue expanding coverage for civil proceedings will be up to the Legislature and the governor.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Judge Christopher Bowen called his next case from the bench of his family law courtroom in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cc-courts.org/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>, just east of San Francisco. The two parties -- Maria Plascencia and Guillermo Castorena -- took their seats at a long wooden table in front of him. As the clerk swore them in, the former couple faced forward, never making eye contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between them sat a woman in her mid-30s with shoulder-length brown hair and glasses: Jessica McBride. Vital to the proceedings, McBride was not a witness or a lawyer; she is the court’s Spanish-language interpreter. As the judge spoke she murmured along, translating words almost as quickly as she heard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What did he do with the knife and the belt?” Through the interpreter, Bowen sought to clarify the allegations against Castorena before making a ruling on a restraining order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine, but court interpreters like McBride haven’t always been provided, even in domestic violence cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The statute required it, but only if funding was available,” Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin said. “So most courts tried very hard to cover that, but they couldn’t always cover it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10786268\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10786268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin.jpg\" alt=\"Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin\" width=\"404\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/HonStevenAustin-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Contra Costa Presiding Superior Court Judge Steven Austin \u003ccite>(Lowell Richards/Contra Costa Superior Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that is starting to change, Austin is on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/LAP.htm\">task force\u003c/a> the \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/supremecourt.htm\">State Supreme Court\u003c/a> set up this year to roll out its \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/languageaccess.htm\">Language Access Plan\u003c/a>. Launched in January 2015, Austin said one of the first things the task force did was expand court interpreter services to domestic violence cases. But it is not stopping there. Its aim is to make the California justice system accessible to all Californians -- from court signs and forms to \u003cem>all\u003c/em> court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s state constitution requires that interpreters be provided in criminal cases, up until now civil matters -- from eviction hearings to custody battles -- haven’t been covered. And Austin says the ad hoc interpreters people bring in are untrained. Some are even children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely inappropriate when you have a family law case to have the child who is the subject of the case being the one who comes in to interpret,” Austin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239417957&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239417957'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan is almost a year in, but the full implementation of it is a vast project that has only just started, according to California Supreme Court Justice \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/28724.htm\">Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar\u003c/a>, who chairs the task force. At 43, Cuéllar has already had an illustrious career serving in both the Obama and Clinton administrations. Now, as a California Supreme Court justice, Cuéllar has set an ambitious goal for his task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have 7 million Californians who speak a language primarily other than English and have limited English proficiency. That’s 200 different languages spoken across 164,000 square miles,” Cuéllar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the biggest challenge, though, is just communicating that it's both doable and affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to try to keep the cost as low as we can so that we can cover this in a way that is fair to everybody and that is fair to California’s taxpayers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s completely inappropriate when you have a family law case to have the child who is the subject of the case being the one who comes in to interpret.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Currently, court interpreters cost the state about $94.6 million\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>but Cuéllar said the expansion would take even more. In order to figure out how much more, the task force is assessing what the need is and how to meet it. By looking at what’s happening in California’s 58 counties, Cuéllar said his task force is learning what works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got L.A. doing the family court expansion,” he said. “You’ve got San Francisco also doing a very serious civil expansion. You’ve got Ventura using a very good framework for dealing with its interpreters. Fresno looking at using video where appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa’s family court, Maria Plascencia headed outside after her hearing. Judge Bowen granted the restraining order in her case. During the hearing there was a whole range of questions that both parties needed to understand and settle, from who’s included in the restraining order to when the kids can visit their father. Plascencia said having the interpreter helped her through this difficult process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You always feel more comfortable in your own language,” she said. “And you know the decisions the judge is making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin, the presiding judge, said it’s not just Californians who speak limited English who are helped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me as a judge, it’s really great to be able to have people tell me their story,” he said. “It makes you feel like you’re doing the right thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa’s interpreter services are funded for the next year, but its ability to continue expanding coverage for civil proceedings will be up to the Legislature and the governor.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Video Evidence Appears to Contradict SFPD Account of Mario Woods Killing",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ij5TZuohoRg\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A KQED analysis of an Instagram video showing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/s-f-police-chief-public-defender-clash-over-latest-fatal-cop-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">last week's fatal police shooting\u003c/a> of Mario Woods appears to contradict claims by Police Chief Greg Suhr that officers opened fire only after Woods made a threatening movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woods, reportedly a suspect in a stabbing in the Bayview on Wednesday afternoon, was killed after a confrontation that involved as many as a dozen officers. Five of them opened fire on Woods after failing to subdue him with less-than-lethal beanbag rounds and pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a community meeting in the Bayview neighborhood on Friday night and again on Monday, Suhr said the video showed Woods, whom police say was carrying a knife in his right hand, extend his arm toward one police officer. That movement, Suhr said Friday night as he presented blown-up images of the video, prompted that officer and four others to open fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/suhr-claims-video-shows-mario-woods-raised-knife-at-officer-community-in-disbelief/\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Examiner's account\u003c/a> of the meeting, Suhr said: \"We were able to enhance one second of the tweeted video… which shows the officer engaging with Mr. Woods and Mr. Woods’ arm with the knife outstretched. The officer fearing for his safety. ... He fired in defense of himself and the other four officers fired in defense of that officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a Monday press conference called to discuss the Police Department's use of force policy in the wake of the shooting, Suhr reiterated his claims about what the video shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took what is the eighth second of one of the 15-second YouTube videos, and we showed at the town hall the other day that when you do that it appears when you move it to step photography, that [Woods] does appear to raise his arm up and extend it toward the officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether that movement happened before or after the first shot was fired, Suhr said, \"It appears to be before any shots were fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a careful review of the short Instagram video Suhr referred to suggests that officers opened fire a fraction of a second \u003cem>before\u003c/em> Woods' arm moved. In slowed-down versions of the video, the first shot is clearly audible before Woods extends his arm. In addition, in the moment Woods' arm moves, his body appears to be moving backward, as if recoiling from being struck by a gunshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although KQED's analysis is based on the same video Suhr used during Friday night's community meeting, there are potential technical issues with the images and sound that should be kept in mind when viewing it. For instance, there is no guarantee that the audio and video are in perfect synchronization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, we want to emphasize that we are not drawing any conclusions about the shooting itself. For instance, neither of the videos we display in the split screen above depict the events that led to the confrontation and fatal shooting. It appears that in the early seconds of the videos, Woods may be reacting to being struck by shotgun-fired beanbags -- but we can't say for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, our focus is limited to whether Chief Suhr's account is borne out by the images to which he pointed. We conclude, based on the evidence available to us, that it does not.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ij5TZuohoRg\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A KQED analysis of an Instagram video showing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/s-f-police-chief-public-defender-clash-over-latest-fatal-cop-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">last week's fatal police shooting\u003c/a> of Mario Woods appears to contradict claims by Police Chief Greg Suhr that officers opened fire only after Woods made a threatening movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woods, reportedly a suspect in a stabbing in the Bayview on Wednesday afternoon, was killed after a confrontation that involved as many as a dozen officers. Five of them opened fire on Woods after failing to subdue him with less-than-lethal beanbag rounds and pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a community meeting in the Bayview neighborhood on Friday night and again on Monday, Suhr said the video showed Woods, whom police say was carrying a knife in his right hand, extend his arm toward one police officer. That movement, Suhr said Friday night as he presented blown-up images of the video, prompted that officer and four others to open fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/suhr-claims-video-shows-mario-woods-raised-knife-at-officer-community-in-disbelief/\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Examiner's account\u003c/a> of the meeting, Suhr said: \"We were able to enhance one second of the tweeted video… which shows the officer engaging with Mr. Woods and Mr. Woods’ arm with the knife outstretched. The officer fearing for his safety. ... He fired in defense of himself and the other four officers fired in defense of that officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a Monday press conference called to discuss the Police Department's use of force policy in the wake of the shooting, Suhr reiterated his claims about what the video shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took what is the eighth second of one of the 15-second YouTube videos, and we showed at the town hall the other day that when you do that it appears when you move it to step photography, that [Woods] does appear to raise his arm up and extend it toward the officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether that movement happened before or after the first shot was fired, Suhr said, \"It appears to be before any shots were fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a careful review of the short Instagram video Suhr referred to suggests that officers opened fire a fraction of a second \u003cem>before\u003c/em> Woods' arm moved. In slowed-down versions of the video, the first shot is clearly audible before Woods extends his arm. In addition, in the moment Woods' arm moves, his body appears to be moving backward, as if recoiling from being struck by a gunshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although KQED's analysis is based on the same video Suhr used during Friday night's community meeting, there are potential technical issues with the images and sound that should be kept in mind when viewing it. For instance, there is no guarantee that the audio and video are in perfect synchronization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, we want to emphasize that we are not drawing any conclusions about the shooting itself. For instance, neither of the videos we display in the split screen above depict the events that led to the confrontation and fatal shooting. It appears that in the early seconds of the videos, Woods may be reacting to being struck by shotgun-fired beanbags -- but we can't say for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, our focus is limited to whether Chief Suhr's account is borne out by the images to which he pointed. We conclude, based on the evidence available to us, that it does not.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Oakland, Shortage of 911 Dispatchers Makes a Hectic Job Even More So",
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"content": "\u003cp>When night falls in Oakland, the city’s 911 dispatchers tend to get busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside an anonymous-looking building in an East Oakland office park, they hunker down at workstations and stare into arrays of computer monitors displaying information on recent and incoming calls and on the status of each incident. The atmosphere is subdued, with dispatchers speaking mostly in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calm is deceiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland’s a crazy beast,” 911 dispatcher Nicole Friend says. “We’re very busy in here, and you get very used to being busy in here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friend is a jovial woman with a dry wit. She said in addition to all the life-and-death calls she handles — people reporting crimes in progress or victims who need immediate attention — she also hears from members of the public who sound like they’ve watched a little too much “CSI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls the man who called in to report his car had been burglarized. He wanted the half-eaten burrito the thief had apparently left behind to be swabbed for DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to the radio stories\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173088406″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”450″ iframe=”true” /]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No — not gonna happen, Friend says, not even if you \u003cem>could\u003c/em> run the burrito for DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have people getting shot — like, legit calls,” Friend says. “We can’t swab the burrito.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calls like that are part of a never-ending flow of phone traffic to the 911 Dispatch Center. When the year is up, Oakland will have logged more than a half-million 911 calls. That’s an average of about 1,400 calls a day, covering everything from complaints about vandalism to fires and traffic accidents to shootings and domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to understaffing, the 911 center has its hands full. On average it takes Oakland dispatchers in Oakland about 16 seconds to pick up a 911 call. That compares with \u003ca href=\"http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/nena.site-ym.com/resource/collection/ABEAA8F5-82F4-4531-AE4A-0AC5B2774E72/NENA_56-005_9-1-1_Call_Answering_Standard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recommended standard\u003c/a> from the National Emergency Numbers Association that 90 percent of incoming calls should be answered in 10 seconds or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need people,” says dispatch supervisor Eugenia Oliver, an 18-year veteran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland has 74 staffers working in its 911 center, including 11 trainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new hires are welcome progress, according to Regina Harris, who heads the 911 center. But she notes those trainees must each be paired up with a staff dispatcher for a year. That means those veterans are sometimes mentoring instead of answering calls and dispatching first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of understaffing goes beyond taking longer to answer incoming calls. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://transparentcalifornia.com/salaries/search/?a=oakland&q=police+dispatcher&s=-overtime&y=2013&page=1\">Transparent California database\u003c/a>, mandatory and voluntary dispatcher overtime cost the city more than $1 million in 2013. Some Oakland dispatchers work so many overtime hours they increase their base pay by 50 percent. Experts say all those extra hours increase the risk for errors on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland could face an even bigger tab for dispatcher overtime when the 911 center starts taking wireless calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage Oakland is the only major city in the state that still routes all mobile phone calls through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/find-an-office/golden-gate-division\">California Highway Patrol.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP redirects wireless calls meant for 911 centers in cities around Oakland. It also dispatches all wireless medical calls directly to the city’s Fire Department. This significantly lessens the call volume for Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a big downside. In an emergency, time is critical. And the process of having the CHP triage and reroute calls can lead to significant delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay is long enough that the Oakland Police Department urgers wireless callers to use a \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/OPD/index.htm\">separate number\u003c/a>, not 911, if a crime is in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says her center would get about 150,000 more calls a year if Oakland were to start taking wireless calls directly. The plan now, she says, is to phase them in over the next three years, because there’s no way Oakland could handle them based on current staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re just moving cautiously,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Oakland does start taking 911 calls directly, Harris estimates the city will need to hire at least 20 more dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris won’t be there to see that. She says she plans to retire in the spring after 31 years in the 911 profession. So her job will be open as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When night falls in Oakland, the city’s 911 dispatchers tend to get busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside an anonymous-looking building in an East Oakland office park, they hunker down at workstations and stare into arrays of computer monitors displaying information on recent and incoming calls and on the status of each incident. The atmosphere is subdued, with dispatchers speaking mostly in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calm is deceiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland’s a crazy beast,” 911 dispatcher Nicole Friend says. “We’re very busy in here, and you get very used to being busy in here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friend is a jovial woman with a dry wit. She said in addition to all the life-and-death calls she handles — people reporting crimes in progress or victims who need immediate attention — she also hears from members of the public who sound like they’ve watched a little too much “CSI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls the man who called in to report his car had been burglarized. He wanted the half-eaten burrito the thief had apparently left behind to be swabbed for DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to the radio stories\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”450″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173088406″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/playlists/173088406″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No — not gonna happen, Friend says, not even if you \u003cem>could\u003c/em> run the burrito for DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have people getting shot — like, legit calls,” Friend says. “We can’t swab the burrito.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calls like that are part of a never-ending flow of phone traffic to the 911 Dispatch Center. When the year is up, Oakland will have logged more than a half-million 911 calls. That’s an average of about 1,400 calls a day, covering everything from complaints about vandalism to fires and traffic accidents to shootings and domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to understaffing, the 911 center has its hands full. On average it takes Oakland dispatchers in Oakland about 16 seconds to pick up a 911 call. That compares with \u003ca href=\"http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/nena.site-ym.com/resource/collection/ABEAA8F5-82F4-4531-AE4A-0AC5B2774E72/NENA_56-005_9-1-1_Call_Answering_Standard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recommended standard\u003c/a> from the National Emergency Numbers Association that 90 percent of incoming calls should be answered in 10 seconds or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need people,” says dispatch supervisor Eugenia Oliver, an 18-year veteran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland has 74 staffers working in its 911 center, including 11 trainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new hires are welcome progress, according to Regina Harris, who heads the 911 center. But she notes those trainees must each be paired up with a staff dispatcher for a year. That means those veterans are sometimes mentoring instead of answering calls and dispatching first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of understaffing goes beyond taking longer to answer incoming calls. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://transparentcalifornia.com/salaries/search/?a=oakland&q=police+dispatcher&s=-overtime&y=2013&page=1\">Transparent California database\u003c/a>, mandatory and voluntary dispatcher overtime cost the city more than $1 million in 2013. Some Oakland dispatchers work so many overtime hours they increase their base pay by 50 percent. Experts say all those extra hours increase the risk for errors on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland could face an even bigger tab for dispatcher overtime when the 911 center starts taking wireless calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage Oakland is the only major city in the state that still routes all mobile phone calls through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/find-an-office/golden-gate-division\">California Highway Patrol.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP redirects wireless calls meant for 911 centers in cities around Oakland. It also dispatches all wireless medical calls directly to the city’s Fire Department. This significantly lessens the call volume for Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a big downside. In an emergency, time is critical. And the process of having the CHP triage and reroute calls can lead to significant delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay is long enough that the Oakland Police Department urgers wireless callers to use a \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/OPD/index.htm\">separate number\u003c/a>, not 911, if a crime is in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says her center would get about 150,000 more calls a year if Oakland were to start taking wireless calls directly. The plan now, she says, is to phase them in over the next three years, because there’s no way Oakland could handle them based on current staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re just moving cautiously,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Oakland does start taking 911 calls directly, Harris estimates the city will need to hire at least 20 more dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris won’t be there to see that. She says she plans to retire in the spring after 31 years in the 911 profession. So her job will be open as well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Supreme Court Rejects Bid to Overturn Town's Ban on Assault Rifles",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Amid a national debate over the ready availability of military-style firearms, the Supreme Court on Monday rejected an appeal from gun owners who challenged a Chicago suburb's ban on assault weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two conservative justices said they would have heard the case and struck down the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court, though, left in place a lower court ruling that found that local governments have leeway in deciding how to regulate firearms. The federal appeals court in Chicago upheld a 2013 law passed by the city of Highland Park, Illinois, that bans semi-automatic weapons and large-capacity magazines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the federal appeals court in New York largely upheld similar laws in Connecticut and New York, among a handful of states that ban semi-automatic weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has repeatedly turned away challenges to gun restrictions since two landmark decisions that spelled out the right to a handgun to defend one's own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DTuVRtAt3A5TaT8s57dO8cNWFICyhRaV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Clarence Thomas, joined by Justice Antonin Scalia, said the Chicago appeals court ruling \"flouts two of our Second Amendment precedents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without mentioning the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass shootings in San Bernardino\u003c/a> and elsewhere that involved semi-automatic guns, Thomas said the weapons ban \"is highly suspect because it broadly prohibits common semi-automatic firearms used for lawful purposes\" by roughly 5 million Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The overwhelming majority of citizens who own and use such rifles do so for lawful purposes, including self-defense and target shooting,\" Thomas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case had been under consideration at the high court for two months, but the delay in dealing with it now appears mainly due to waiting for Thomas to finish his opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeal filed by Dr. Arie Friedman and the Illinois State Rifle Association argues that Highland Park has violated their constitutional rights by banning some of the most popular semi-automatic guns in the United States, as well as ammunition magazines of more than 10 rounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though lower courts have mainly upheld gun restrictions, the Highland Park case arises out of a decision by the federal appeals court in Chicago that struck down the only statewide ban on carrying concealed weapons, in Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, when state lawmakers reacted to the court ruling by making it legal to carry a gun, they gave cities around the state 10 days to come up with local restrictions on assault weapons, or forfeit their right to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highland Park was one of fewer than 20 municipalities, all in the Chicago area, to enact regulations or bans, according to the rifle association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's assault weapons ban was upheld by the appeals court in a 2-1 decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Frank Easterbrook wrote for the court that there is a \"substantial benefit\" to the Highland Park ordinance if it makes the public feel less at risk from a mass shooting. Variations of the Bushmaster AR-15, one of the guns specifically banned by Highland Park, were used in the Newtown, Connecticut, school massacre and the theater shootings in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gun control laws that the appeals court in New York upheld in October were passed after the 2012 massacre in Newtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws banning assault weapons. The others are California, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts and New Jersey, according to the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. In addition, Minnesota and Virginia regulate assault weapons, the center said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is Friedman v. Highland, 15-133.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Amid a national debate over the ready availability of military-style firearms, the Supreme Court on Monday rejected an appeal from gun owners who challenged a Chicago suburb's ban on assault weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two conservative justices said they would have heard the case and struck down the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court, though, left in place a lower court ruling that found that local governments have leeway in deciding how to regulate firearms. The federal appeals court in Chicago upheld a 2013 law passed by the city of Highland Park, Illinois, that bans semi-automatic weapons and large-capacity magazines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the federal appeals court in New York largely upheld similar laws in Connecticut and New York, among a handful of states that ban semi-automatic weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has repeatedly turned away challenges to gun restrictions since two landmark decisions that spelled out the right to a handgun to defend one's own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Clarence Thomas, joined by Justice Antonin Scalia, said the Chicago appeals court ruling \"flouts two of our Second Amendment precedents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without mentioning the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass shootings in San Bernardino\u003c/a> and elsewhere that involved semi-automatic guns, Thomas said the weapons ban \"is highly suspect because it broadly prohibits common semi-automatic firearms used for lawful purposes\" by roughly 5 million Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The overwhelming majority of citizens who own and use such rifles do so for lawful purposes, including self-defense and target shooting,\" Thomas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case had been under consideration at the high court for two months, but the delay in dealing with it now appears mainly due to waiting for Thomas to finish his opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeal filed by Dr. Arie Friedman and the Illinois State Rifle Association argues that Highland Park has violated their constitutional rights by banning some of the most popular semi-automatic guns in the United States, as well as ammunition magazines of more than 10 rounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though lower courts have mainly upheld gun restrictions, the Highland Park case arises out of a decision by the federal appeals court in Chicago that struck down the only statewide ban on carrying concealed weapons, in Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, when state lawmakers reacted to the court ruling by making it legal to carry a gun, they gave cities around the state 10 days to come up with local restrictions on assault weapons, or forfeit their right to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highland Park was one of fewer than 20 municipalities, all in the Chicago area, to enact regulations or bans, according to the rifle association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's assault weapons ban was upheld by the appeals court in a 2-1 decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Frank Easterbrook wrote for the court that there is a \"substantial benefit\" to the Highland Park ordinance if it makes the public feel less at risk from a mass shooting. Variations of the Bushmaster AR-15, one of the guns specifically banned by Highland Park, were used in the Newtown, Connecticut, school massacre and the theater shootings in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gun control laws that the appeals court in New York upheld in October were passed after the 2012 massacre in Newtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws banning assault weapons. The others are California, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts and New Jersey, according to the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. In addition, Minnesota and Virginia regulate assault weapons, the center said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is Friedman v. Highland, 15-133.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Muslim Group Calls for Interfaith Vigils in Wake of San Bernardino Shooting",
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"content": "\u003cp>Condemnations and prayer vigils have become an almost immediate response by Muslim leaders in the wake of attacks perpetrated in the name of Islam. And the San Bernardino shootings were no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few hours after the two shooters were identified as Muslims on Wednesday, the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) of greater Los Angeles leapt into action. The group condemned the attack and put forward the brother-in-law of shooting suspect Syed Farook. He mourned the 14 lives lost and expressed sorrow for the now 21 people who were wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236143996\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thechinomosque.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Baitul Hameed Mosque\u003c/a> in Chino, the largest in San Bernardino County, held a vigil. The primary purpose of the event was to show support for the victims’ families, said Dr. Ahsan Khan a few hours before the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is also an opportunity for us to show that the majority of Muslims in the world are peace-loving, and what we believe is antithetical to what we witnessed,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Muslims -- particularly in Northern California -- have been rethinking this strategy, said Zahra Billoo, executive director of the Bay Area office of CAIR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s really important for us to reiterate the double standard that expects Muslims to do something more or different because a criminal has a Muslim identity.'\u003ccite>Zahra Billoo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I don’t anticipate any vigils being driven or led by the Muslim community in Northern California,” Billoo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, CAIR is encouraging community members to join interfaith vigils. The organization has staked out the position that its community members experience terrorist attacks -- regardless of whether they’re perpetrated in the name of Islam -- as Americans, not as Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a unique connection to any of the shooters,” Billoo said. “It’s really important for us to reiterate the double standard that expects Muslims to do something more or different because a criminal has a Muslim identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Billoo said, most Americans don’t expect Christians to denounce crimes committed by Christians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting local mosques with what happened in San Bernardino could also put community members at risk, said Billoo. And she said, focusing the attention on Islam distracts people from what she believes is a larger contributing factor to these mass shootings: easy access to guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"by5awZwpizkJrbbiOuVRrR7v4d5DKleo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we knew that it was a Muslim suspect ... we know this was number 300-plus of mass shootings in 2015 thus far,” Billoo said. “It’s frightening that we're not safe anywhere. Not at schools, not at Planned Parenthood and not at clinics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, the organizer of the vigil at the mosque in San Bernardino County, understands the Bay Area CAIR’s stance. But he said this shooting was different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My point is that the victims happen to be our neighbors. We grew up in San Bernardino County,” Khan said. “I went to school in San Bernardino County. My parents live in San Bernardino County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan said the vigil was about more than Muslims denouncing violence perpetrated by so-called Muslims. It was about citizens of San Bernardino County coming together to support one another.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Condemnations and prayer vigils have become an almost immediate response by Muslim leaders in the wake of attacks perpetrated in the name of Islam. And the San Bernardino shootings were no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few hours after the two shooters were identified as Muslims on Wednesday, the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) of greater Los Angeles leapt into action. The group condemned the attack and put forward the brother-in-law of shooting suspect Syed Farook. He mourned the 14 lives lost and expressed sorrow for the now 21 people who were wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236143996&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236143996'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thechinomosque.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Baitul Hameed Mosque\u003c/a> in Chino, the largest in San Bernardino County, held a vigil. The primary purpose of the event was to show support for the victims’ families, said Dr. Ahsan Khan a few hours before the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is also an opportunity for us to show that the majority of Muslims in the world are peace-loving, and what we believe is antithetical to what we witnessed,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Muslims -- particularly in Northern California -- have been rethinking this strategy, said Zahra Billoo, executive director of the Bay Area office of CAIR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s really important for us to reiterate the double standard that expects Muslims to do something more or different because a criminal has a Muslim identity.'\u003ccite>Zahra Billoo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I don’t anticipate any vigils being driven or led by the Muslim community in Northern California,” Billoo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, CAIR is encouraging community members to join interfaith vigils. The organization has staked out the position that its community members experience terrorist attacks -- regardless of whether they’re perpetrated in the name of Islam -- as Americans, not as Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a unique connection to any of the shooters,” Billoo said. “It’s really important for us to reiterate the double standard that expects Muslims to do something more or different because a criminal has a Muslim identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Billoo said, most Americans don’t expect Christians to denounce crimes committed by Christians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting local mosques with what happened in San Bernardino could also put community members at risk, said Billoo. And she said, focusing the attention on Islam distracts people from what she believes is a larger contributing factor to these mass shootings: easy access to guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we knew that it was a Muslim suspect ... we know this was number 300-plus of mass shootings in 2015 thus far,” Billoo said. “It’s frightening that we're not safe anywhere. Not at schools, not at Planned Parenthood and not at clinics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, the organizer of the vigil at the mosque in San Bernardino County, understands the Bay Area CAIR’s stance. But he said this shooting was different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My point is that the victims happen to be our neighbors. We grew up in San Bernardino County,” Khan said. “I went to school in San Bernardino County. My parents live in San Bernardino County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan said the vigil was about more than Muslims denouncing violence perpetrated by so-called Muslims. It was about citizens of San Bernardino County coming together to support one another.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the day of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif., the city’s SWAT team was training for an active shooter situation just minutes away from the scene of the massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just working through scenarios when this call went out,” says Lt. Travis Walker, the SWAT team commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says they’d decided to train on Wednesday in part to learn some lessons from the deadly shooting in Colorado Springs, Colo., last week. This response isn’t unique to San Bernardino; in the weeks since the terrorist attacks in Paris, local law enforcement agencies around the country have been preparing for the possibility of more challenging attacks. In San Bernardino on Wednesday morning, Walker was running his officers through scenarios with volunteers playing the role of shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d just finished a training scenario that involved multiple shooters at multiple locations within a small confined area,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then they were off — to the scene of a real-life multiple-shooter attack. They didn’t get there in time to stop it, but the suspects were killed in a shootout later in the day. Walker and his team were there for that, too, using armored vehicles to get close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That scene was meaningful because those were the very same kind of armored vehicles that for the past year or so have become a symbol of what some people call police militarization, something that’s gotten a bad rap since the Ferguson, Mo., protests last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says now people can see why they have the heavy gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society has changed, weaponry has changed that individuals have access to,” he says. “And it’s not that we seek to militarize law enforcement. The goal is to try to make sure that we reduce the number of human casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the attacks in Paris, the San Bernardino massacre is being seen as vindication of the idea that American police have no choice but to train and gear up for military-style confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the equipment is necessary,” says Mark Lomax, executive director of the National Tactical Officers Association. “Because we’re one of the few countries in the world where our military doesn’t have any legal authority inside the country,” and he says police are simply the first line of defense for increasingly sophisticated shooting attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most policing experts agree this kind of gear is needed, but some of the more reform-minded experts are also apprehensive. They’re watching for the fallout from attacks like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What went through my mind was the fear that people were going to jump to the conclusion that, oh, my gosh, we have to go back to just being warriors,” says Sue Rahr, who runs the police academy in Washington state. Rahr was part of President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, where she argued strongly for police to think of themselves less as warriors and more as “guardians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, the most important thing we can do is figure out ways to prevent or predict when these are going to happen so we can stop them before they happen,” she says, “because there’s no way — with the best training and equipment in the world, we [only] have about two or three minutes before the worst of it is usually over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahr says even with military-style training and gear, police should think like guardians. And San Bernardino may be a case in point. Walker recalls the active-shooter safety classes his officers have been teaching in the community. He says they taught one of those classes at the Inland Regional Center last year, and on Wednesday his men saw people there using those techniques, something he believes saved lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the day of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif., the city’s SWAT team was training for an active shooter situation just minutes away from the scene of the massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just working through scenarios when this call went out,” says Lt. Travis Walker, the SWAT team commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says they’d decided to train on Wednesday in part to learn some lessons from the deadly shooting in Colorado Springs, Colo., last week. This response isn’t unique to San Bernardino; in the weeks since the terrorist attacks in Paris, local law enforcement agencies around the country have been preparing for the possibility of more challenging attacks. In San Bernardino on Wednesday morning, Walker was running his officers through scenarios with volunteers playing the role of shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d just finished a training scenario that involved multiple shooters at multiple locations within a small confined area,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then they were off — to the scene of a real-life multiple-shooter attack. They didn’t get there in time to stop it, but the suspects were killed in a shootout later in the day. Walker and his team were there for that, too, using armored vehicles to get close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That scene was meaningful because those were the very same kind of armored vehicles that for the past year or so have become a symbol of what some people call police militarization, something that’s gotten a bad rap since the Ferguson, Mo., protests last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says now people can see why they have the heavy gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society has changed, weaponry has changed that individuals have access to,” he says. “And it’s not that we seek to militarize law enforcement. The goal is to try to make sure that we reduce the number of human casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the attacks in Paris, the San Bernardino massacre is being seen as vindication of the idea that American police have no choice but to train and gear up for military-style confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the equipment is necessary,” says Mark Lomax, executive director of the National Tactical Officers Association. “Because we’re one of the few countries in the world where our military doesn’t have any legal authority inside the country,” and he says police are simply the first line of defense for increasingly sophisticated shooting attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most policing experts agree this kind of gear is needed, but some of the more reform-minded experts are also apprehensive. They’re watching for the fallout from attacks like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What went through my mind was the fear that people were going to jump to the conclusion that, oh, my gosh, we have to go back to just being warriors,” says Sue Rahr, who runs the police academy in Washington state. Rahr was part of President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, where she argued strongly for police to think of themselves less as warriors and more as “guardians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, the most important thing we can do is figure out ways to prevent or predict when these are going to happen so we can stop them before they happen,” she says, “because there’s no way — with the best training and equipment in the world, we [only] have about two or three minutes before the worst of it is usually over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahr says even with military-style training and gear, police should think like guardians. And San Bernardino may be a case in point. Walker recalls the active-shooter safety classes his officers have been teaching in the community. He says they taught one of those classes at the Inland Regional Center last year, and on Wednesday his men saw people there using those techniques, something he believes saved lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Authorities Release Names of the 14 People Killed in San Bernardino Shooting",
"title": "Authorities Release Names of the 14 People Killed in San Bernardino Shooting",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Office released the names of the 14 people killed during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\">mass shooting\u003c/a> at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims ranged in age from 26 to 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shooting has caused each [victim's] family, friends and co-workers, along with the first responders, to suffer an enormous personal tragedy. We must stand strong and offer support to each individual affected by this senseless attack,\" \u003ca href=\"http://local.nixle.com/alert/5541309/\">stated Sheriff John McMahon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims were memorialized Thursday night at a pair of vigils, the largest at a minor league baseball stadium not far from where they were killed at the Inland Regional Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the victims' names, ages and hometowns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shannon Johnson, 45, Los Angeles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deirdre Butchko, a property manager at the building where Johnson lived in Koreatown, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">told member station KPCC\u003c/a> that he was an old-fashioned gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was just really outstanding,\" she said, contemplating the news. \"It hurts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butchko said Johnson had moved to the building to free up more money for traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clerk at a convenience store around the corner said Johnson was a regular customer, and one of the shop's kindest.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bennetta Betbadal, 46, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to her \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bennetta-betbadal-228138a5\">LinkedIn page\u003c/a>, Betbadal worked for the county's environmental health services. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/y2d8bn7w\">A Go Fund Me page\u003c/a> that has been created in her name says she was born in Iran in 1969. It also says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She fled to America at the age of 18 to escape Islamic extremism and the persecution of Christians that followed the Iranian Revolution. Bennetta initially settled in New York City, eventually moving to California and marrying her husband, Arlen Verdehyou, a police officer. They moved to Rialto, California and had three children, now ages 10, 12, and 15.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aurora Godoy, 26, San Jacinto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg\" alt=\"Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy-400x295.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account. \u003ccite>(Reuters/Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Godoy, an office assistant in the Department of Public Health, met her husband in high school through Junior ROTC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>. She gave birth to a son, Alexander, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>James Godoy praised his late wife as a devoted mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was all about him,\" James Godoy said of his son.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaac Amanios, 60, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">Amanios was an immigrant from Ethiopia\u003c/a>, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC's Elizabeth Aguilera, and was saving up money to bring his children to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"He was so proud of his kids,\" Kosse said. \"I asked him about them the last time I saw him in October. And his whole face lit up and he took out pictures. He was such a proud dad. And just was an amazing guy.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Larry Daniel Kaufman, 42, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782161 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg\" alt=\"Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a renaissance festival.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a Renaissance festival. \u003ccite>(Rick Loomis/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Kaufman \"ran the coffee shop in building 3 at the Inland Regional Center, training the developmentally disabled clients who worked there.\" He was remembered on this \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/168740645761/permalink/10153735902635762/\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harry Bowman, 46, Upland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also reports that Bowman was described as an intelligent man who loved his 15- and 11-year-old daughters, according to family member Bill Kraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Death at its best is hard to take. This type of death is extremely hard to take, especially when you have young children,\" Kraft told the Times. \"There is no way you are going to make them understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yvette Velasco, 27, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg\" alt=\"Yvette Velasco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco-400x358.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yvette Velasco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasco was an environmental specialist. KPCC spoke to Velasco's uncle, George Velasco, who said she was \"an intelligent, motivated, and beautiful young woman, who was full of life and loved by all who knew her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette is survived by her parents, Robert and Marie Velasco, and her three sisters, Adriana, Erica and Genevieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Clayborn, 27, Moreno Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Sierra Clayborn\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\">Saturday, November 14, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> reports that Clayborn's \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/sierraclayborn\">LinkedIn profile\u003c/a> identifies her as an environmental health specialist for San Bernardino County, which would have made her a co-worker of the shooter, Syed Rizwan Farook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Lee, who met Clayborn when they both took a dance class at the University of California Riverside, told the station that Clayborn was always encouraging his documentary film work.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robert Adams, 40, Yucaipa\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Robert Adams\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\">Saturday, April 12, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Adams married his high school sweetheart, Summer. He had a 20-month-old daughter. Jenni Kosse, a family friend said, and his adoration for his family was infectious, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you saw the three of them together, you just wanted to jump in the middle and think, 'I want to have fun too,' \" Kosse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nicholas Thalasinos, 52, Colton\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas's wife, Jennifer, told NPR member station \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> that her husband had a \"very strong faith.\" He worked as a county environmental specialist. Friends remembered him on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/nicholas.thalasinos\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tin Nguyen, 31, Santa Ana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782169 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg\" alt=\"At their home in Santa Ana, Calif., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen and hold a photograph of their sister and daughter Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen-400x294.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At their home in Santa Ana, California., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen hold a photograph of their sister and daughter, Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting. \u003ccite>(Robert Lachman/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen, who emigrated from Vietnam when she was a child, was planning to get engaged soon to her longtime boyfriend, San Trinh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I work day in, day out, saving money. I intended to buy her a new house. We would move her Mom in to live with us. We talked about everything — our marriage, how many kids we wanted to have,\" the mechanical engineer from Westminster said. \"If I could tell people anything from this experience, I'd say: 'Whatever you're planning, don't push it off. Get it done.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juan Espinoza, 50, Highland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza was married and a father of two daughters and a son, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC. He also grew grapes to make his own wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Damian Meins, 58, Riverside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Juan C. Perez, director of Riverside County Transportation & Land Management Agency, emailed employees about Meins' death, calling him a \"bright light\" that had been \"extinguished from our world in a most tragic way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Wetzel, 37, Lake Arrowhead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetzel, who had worked for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for years, left behind six children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> spoke to Wetzel's pastor. \"He was an exceptional guy, really he was,\" Rod Akins said. \"I mean, a lot of people tend to highlight people once they've passed, but Michael was one of the most caring and generous guys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/renee-wetzel-480644\" target=\"_blank\">A fundraising campaign\u003c/a> has been started by friends of the Wetzel family, and as of late Thursday had collected more than $160,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Authorities+Release+Names+Of+The+14+People+Killed+In+San+Bernardino+Shooting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Office released the names of the 14 people killed during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\">mass shooting\u003c/a> at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims ranged in age from 26 to 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shooting has caused each [victim's] family, friends and co-workers, along with the first responders, to suffer an enormous personal tragedy. We must stand strong and offer support to each individual affected by this senseless attack,\" \u003ca href=\"http://local.nixle.com/alert/5541309/\">stated Sheriff John McMahon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims were memorialized Thursday night at a pair of vigils, the largest at a minor league baseball stadium not far from where they were killed at the Inland Regional Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the victims' names, ages and hometowns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shannon Johnson, 45, Los Angeles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deirdre Butchko, a property manager at the building where Johnson lived in Koreatown, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">told member station KPCC\u003c/a> that he was an old-fashioned gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was just really outstanding,\" she said, contemplating the news. \"It hurts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butchko said Johnson had moved to the building to free up more money for traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clerk at a convenience store around the corner said Johnson was a regular customer, and one of the shop's kindest.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bennetta Betbadal, 46, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to her \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bennetta-betbadal-228138a5\">LinkedIn page\u003c/a>, Betbadal worked for the county's environmental health services. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/y2d8bn7w\">A Go Fund Me page\u003c/a> that has been created in her name says she was born in Iran in 1969. It also says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She fled to America at the age of 18 to escape Islamic extremism and the persecution of Christians that followed the Iranian Revolution. Bennetta initially settled in New York City, eventually moving to California and marrying her husband, Arlen Verdehyou, a police officer. They moved to Rialto, California and had three children, now ages 10, 12, and 15.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aurora Godoy, 26, San Jacinto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg\" alt=\"Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy-400x295.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account. \u003ccite>(Reuters/Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Godoy, an office assistant in the Department of Public Health, met her husband in high school through Junior ROTC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>. She gave birth to a son, Alexander, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>James Godoy praised his late wife as a devoted mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was all about him,\" James Godoy said of his son.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaac Amanios, 60, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">Amanios was an immigrant from Ethiopia\u003c/a>, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC's Elizabeth Aguilera, and was saving up money to bring his children to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"He was so proud of his kids,\" Kosse said. \"I asked him about them the last time I saw him in October. And his whole face lit up and he took out pictures. He was such a proud dad. And just was an amazing guy.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Larry Daniel Kaufman, 42, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782161 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg\" alt=\"Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a renaissance festival.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a Renaissance festival. \u003ccite>(Rick Loomis/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Kaufman \"ran the coffee shop in building 3 at the Inland Regional Center, training the developmentally disabled clients who worked there.\" He was remembered on this \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/168740645761/permalink/10153735902635762/\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harry Bowman, 46, Upland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also reports that Bowman was described as an intelligent man who loved his 15- and 11-year-old daughters, according to family member Bill Kraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Death at its best is hard to take. This type of death is extremely hard to take, especially when you have young children,\" Kraft told the Times. \"There is no way you are going to make them understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yvette Velasco, 27, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg\" alt=\"Yvette Velasco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco-400x358.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yvette Velasco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasco was an environmental specialist. KPCC spoke to Velasco's uncle, George Velasco, who said she was \"an intelligent, motivated, and beautiful young woman, who was full of life and loved by all who knew her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette is survived by her parents, Robert and Marie Velasco, and her three sisters, Adriana, Erica and Genevieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Clayborn, 27, Moreno Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Sierra Clayborn\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\">Saturday, November 14, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> reports that Clayborn's \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/sierraclayborn\">LinkedIn profile\u003c/a> identifies her as an environmental health specialist for San Bernardino County, which would have made her a co-worker of the shooter, Syed Rizwan Farook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Lee, who met Clayborn when they both took a dance class at the University of California Riverside, told the station that Clayborn was always encouraging his documentary film work.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robert Adams, 40, Yucaipa\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Robert Adams\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\">Saturday, April 12, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Adams married his high school sweetheart, Summer. He had a 20-month-old daughter. Jenni Kosse, a family friend said, and his adoration for his family was infectious, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you saw the three of them together, you just wanted to jump in the middle and think, 'I want to have fun too,' \" Kosse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nicholas Thalasinos, 52, Colton\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas's wife, Jennifer, told NPR member station \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> that her husband had a \"very strong faith.\" He worked as a county environmental specialist. Friends remembered him on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/nicholas.thalasinos\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tin Nguyen, 31, Santa Ana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782169 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg\" alt=\"At their home in Santa Ana, Calif., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen and hold a photograph of their sister and daughter Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen-400x294.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At their home in Santa Ana, California., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen hold a photograph of their sister and daughter, Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting. \u003ccite>(Robert Lachman/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen, who emigrated from Vietnam when she was a child, was planning to get engaged soon to her longtime boyfriend, San Trinh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I work day in, day out, saving money. I intended to buy her a new house. We would move her Mom in to live with us. We talked about everything — our marriage, how many kids we wanted to have,\" the mechanical engineer from Westminster said. \"If I could tell people anything from this experience, I'd say: 'Whatever you're planning, don't push it off. Get it done.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juan Espinoza, 50, Highland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza was married and a father of two daughters and a son, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC. He also grew grapes to make his own wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Damian Meins, 58, Riverside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Juan C. Perez, director of Riverside County Transportation & Land Management Agency, emailed employees about Meins' death, calling him a \"bright light\" that had been \"extinguished from our world in a most tragic way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Wetzel, 37, Lake Arrowhead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetzel, who had worked for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for years, left behind six children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> spoke to Wetzel's pastor. \"He was an exceptional guy, really he was,\" Rod Akins said. \"I mean, a lot of people tend to highlight people once they've passed, but Michael was one of the most caring and generous guys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/renee-wetzel-480644\" target=\"_blank\">A fundraising campaign\u003c/a> has been started by friends of the Wetzel family, and as of late Thursday had collected more than $160,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Authorities+Release+Names+Of+The+14+People+Killed+In+San+Bernardino+Shooting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Official: Wife in San Bernardino Massacre Pledged Allegiance to ISIS",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 12:50 p.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN BERNARDINO --The FBI announced Friday that it is investigating the mass shooting in Southern California as an act of terrorism, while a U.S. law enforcement official revealed that the woman who helped her husband carry out the attack had pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group and its leader on Facebook under an alias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bowdich, assistant director of the FBI's Los Angeles office, would not elaborate on how the bureau reached that conclusion, citing \"a number of pieces of evidence\" but declining to give details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating it as an act of terrorism for good reason,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syed Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, killed 14 people at the holiday party for his co-workers. The Muslim couple died hours later in a fierce gunbattle with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook official says Tashfeen Malik praised the leader of the Islamic State group in a post at 11 a.m. Wednesday, when the couple were believed to have stormed a San Bernardino social service center and opened fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Facebook official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because the person was not allowed under corporate policy to be quoted by name, said the company discovered the account Thursday. It removed the profile from public view and reported its contents to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State-affiliated news agency Aamaq said Friday the two shooters were \"supporters\" of the group, but it stopped short of claiming responsibility for the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"D3dPpJ69aOOoi0geWuSaAdZFXc4c3AOW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said he was not aware of the report but wasn't surprised IS would attempt to link itself to the attack. He said investigators are looking carefully to determine if there is an IS connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farook and Malik rented a townhome where investigators said they found an arsenal of ammunition and homemade bombs. On Friday morning, the property's owner allowed reporters inside. Bowdich said the FBI was done with the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malik, 27, was a Pakistani who grew up in Saudi Arabia and came to the U.S. in 2014 on a fiancee visa. Farook, a 28-year-old restaurant health inspector for the county, was born in Chicago to Pakistani parents and raised in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another U.S. official said Malik expressed \"admiration\" for the extremist group's leader on Facebook under the alias account. But the official said there was no evidence that anyone affiliated with the Islamic State communicated back, and there was no evidence of any operational instructions being conveyed to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two U.S. officials were not authorized to discuss the case publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until Friday, federal and local law enforcement officials said terrorism was a possibility — but the violence could have stemmed from a workplace grudge or a combination of motives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials have long warned that Americans acting in sympathy with Islamic extremists — though not on direct orders — could launch an attack inside the U.S. Using slick propaganda, the Islamic State in particular has urged sympathizers worldwide to commit violence in their countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have done so. In May, just before he attacked a gathering in Texas of people drawing cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, a Phoenix man tweeted his hope that Allah would view him as a holy warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, with Americans on edge over the Islamic State attacks in Paris that left 130 people dead, FBI Director James Comey said that U.S. authorities had no specific or credible intelligence pointing to an attack on American soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventy-one people have been charged in the U.S. since March 2014 in connection with supporting ISIS, including 56 this year, according to a recent report from the George Washington University Program on Extremism. Though most are men, \"women are taking an increasingly prominent role in the jihadist world,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not immediately clear whether Malik exhibited any support for radical Islamists before she arrived in the U.S. — or, like scores of others arrested by the FBI, became radicalized through online or in-person associations after arriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery size=\"large\" type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"10782002,10782003\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of the soft-spoken Farook who knew him from his daily prayers at a mosque in San Bernardino said they saw nothing to make them think he was violent. They said Farook reported meeting his future wife online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To receive her visa, Malik was subjected to a vetting process the U.S. government describes as vigorous. It includes in-person interviews, fingerprints, checks against terrorist watch lists and reviews of her family members, travel history and places where she lived and worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreigners applying from countries that are home to Islamic extremists — such as Pakistan — undergo additional scrutiny before the State Department and Homeland Security approve their applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakistani intelligence officials said Malik moved as a child with her family to Saudi Arabia 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two officials, who spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity, said that the family is originally from a town in Punjab province and that the father initially moved to Saudi Arabia around three decades ago for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another person close to the Saudi government said Tashfeed Malik didn't stay in Saudi Arabia, eventually returning to Pakistan and living in the capital Islamabad, though she returned to Saudi Arabia for visits. The person was not authorized to speak publicly, and did so on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farook had no criminal record and was not under scrutiny by local or federal law enforcement before the attack, authorities said. The FBI's Bowdich said Malik was not on his agency's radar. Friends knew him by his quick smile, his devotion to Islam and his talk about restoring cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn't know he was busy with his wife building pipe bombs and stockpiling thousands of rounds of ammunition for the commando-style assault Wednesday on a gathering of Farook's colleagues from San Bernardino County's health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was a person who was successful, who had a good job, a good income, a wife and a family. What was he missing in his life?\" asked Nizaam Ali, who worshipped with Farook at a mosque in San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said that the couple sprayed as many as 75 rounds into the room before fleeing and had more than 1,600 rounds left when they were killed. At home, they had 12 pipe bombs, tools to make more explosives and well over 4,500 rounds, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday morning, the owner opened their rental townhome to reporters. On a living room table was a copy of the Quran. An upstairs bedroom had a crib, boxes of diapers and a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" size=\"large\" ids=\"10782073,10782072\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead ranged in age from 26 to 60. Two of the wounded remained in critical condition Thursday. Nearly all the dead and wounded were county employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were remembered Thursday night as several thousand mourners gathered at a ballpark for a candlelight and prayer vigil with leaders of several religions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Abdollah reported from Washington. Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Ken Dilanian and Eric Tucker in Washington; Mike Blood, Gillian Flaccus, Christine Armario and Justin Pritchard in Los Angeles; Holbrook Mohr in Jackson, Mississippi; Garance Burke in San Francisco; and Jason Keyser in Chicago.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 12:50 p.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN BERNARDINO --The FBI announced Friday that it is investigating the mass shooting in Southern California as an act of terrorism, while a U.S. law enforcement official revealed that the woman who helped her husband carry out the attack had pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group and its leader on Facebook under an alias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bowdich, assistant director of the FBI's Los Angeles office, would not elaborate on how the bureau reached that conclusion, citing \"a number of pieces of evidence\" but declining to give details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating it as an act of terrorism for good reason,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syed Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, killed 14 people at the holiday party for his co-workers. The Muslim couple died hours later in a fierce gunbattle with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook official says Tashfeen Malik praised the leader of the Islamic State group in a post at 11 a.m. Wednesday, when the couple were believed to have stormed a San Bernardino social service center and opened fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Facebook official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because the person was not allowed under corporate policy to be quoted by name, said the company discovered the account Thursday. It removed the profile from public view and reported its contents to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State-affiliated news agency Aamaq said Friday the two shooters were \"supporters\" of the group, but it stopped short of claiming responsibility for the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said he was not aware of the report but wasn't surprised IS would attempt to link itself to the attack. He said investigators are looking carefully to determine if there is an IS connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farook and Malik rented a townhome where investigators said they found an arsenal of ammunition and homemade bombs. On Friday morning, the property's owner allowed reporters inside. Bowdich said the FBI was done with the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malik, 27, was a Pakistani who grew up in Saudi Arabia and came to the U.S. in 2014 on a fiancee visa. Farook, a 28-year-old restaurant health inspector for the county, was born in Chicago to Pakistani parents and raised in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another U.S. official said Malik expressed \"admiration\" for the extremist group's leader on Facebook under the alias account. But the official said there was no evidence that anyone affiliated with the Islamic State communicated back, and there was no evidence of any operational instructions being conveyed to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two U.S. officials were not authorized to discuss the case publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until Friday, federal and local law enforcement officials said terrorism was a possibility — but the violence could have stemmed from a workplace grudge or a combination of motives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials have long warned that Americans acting in sympathy with Islamic extremists — though not on direct orders — could launch an attack inside the U.S. Using slick propaganda, the Islamic State in particular has urged sympathizers worldwide to commit violence in their countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have done so. In May, just before he attacked a gathering in Texas of people drawing cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, a Phoenix man tweeted his hope that Allah would view him as a holy warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, with Americans on edge over the Islamic State attacks in Paris that left 130 people dead, FBI Director James Comey said that U.S. authorities had no specific or credible intelligence pointing to an attack on American soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventy-one people have been charged in the U.S. since March 2014 in connection with supporting ISIS, including 56 this year, according to a recent report from the George Washington University Program on Extremism. Though most are men, \"women are taking an increasingly prominent role in the jihadist world,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not immediately clear whether Malik exhibited any support for radical Islamists before she arrived in the U.S. — or, like scores of others arrested by the FBI, became radicalized through online or in-person associations after arriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of the soft-spoken Farook who knew him from his daily prayers at a mosque in San Bernardino said they saw nothing to make them think he was violent. They said Farook reported meeting his future wife online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To receive her visa, Malik was subjected to a vetting process the U.S. government describes as vigorous. It includes in-person interviews, fingerprints, checks against terrorist watch lists and reviews of her family members, travel history and places where she lived and worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreigners applying from countries that are home to Islamic extremists — such as Pakistan — undergo additional scrutiny before the State Department and Homeland Security approve their applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakistani intelligence officials said Malik moved as a child with her family to Saudi Arabia 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two officials, who spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity, said that the family is originally from a town in Punjab province and that the father initially moved to Saudi Arabia around three decades ago for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another person close to the Saudi government said Tashfeed Malik didn't stay in Saudi Arabia, eventually returning to Pakistan and living in the capital Islamabad, though she returned to Saudi Arabia for visits. The person was not authorized to speak publicly, and did so on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farook had no criminal record and was not under scrutiny by local or federal law enforcement before the attack, authorities said. The FBI's Bowdich said Malik was not on his agency's radar. Friends knew him by his quick smile, his devotion to Islam and his talk about restoring cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn't know he was busy with his wife building pipe bombs and stockpiling thousands of rounds of ammunition for the commando-style assault Wednesday on a gathering of Farook's colleagues from San Bernardino County's health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was a person who was successful, who had a good job, a good income, a wife and a family. What was he missing in his life?\" asked Nizaam Ali, who worshipped with Farook at a mosque in San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said that the couple sprayed as many as 75 rounds into the room before fleeing and had more than 1,600 rounds left when they were killed. At home, they had 12 pipe bombs, tools to make more explosives and well over 4,500 rounds, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday morning, the owner opened their rental townhome to reporters. On a living room table was a copy of the Quran. An upstairs bedroom had a crib, boxes of diapers and a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead ranged in age from 26 to 60. Two of the wounded remained in critical condition Thursday. Nearly all the dead and wounded were county employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were remembered Thursday night as several thousand mourners gathered at a ballpark for a candlelight and prayer vigil with leaders of several religions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Abdollah reported from Washington. Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Ken Dilanian and Eric Tucker in Washington; Mike Blood, Gillian Flaccus, Christine Armario and Justin Pritchard in Los Angeles; Holbrook Mohr in Jackson, Mississippi; Garance Burke in San Francisco; and Jason Keyser in Chicago.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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