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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution says that \"We the People\" are the source of political authority in America. But just who are \"the people\"? That's a big and basic political question, and today the Supreme Court gave its answer — \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-940_ed9g.pdf\">in a unanimous decision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court ruled that the total population as defined by the Census Bureau should be used when counting people for political purposes. That means all persons residing in a particular state or district are to be counted, not just those who are eligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge came from Texas, though that state counts its population for political purposes the same way the other 49 states do. It was brought by the conservative activist group Citizens for Fair Representation, which in recent years has pursued successful legal challenges to parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the affirmative action policies of the University of Texas-Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The practical effect would have been more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The challengers had argued that only citizens who are at least 18 years old should count when separating the population into voting districts (which are drawn to have about the same number of people).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said eligible voters had a disproportionate impact in voting when they live in districts with large numbers of ineligible people (noncitizens and nonadults). Conversely, they argued, those living in districts with fewer ineligible people had their voting power diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs said this violated the constitutional principle of equal protection under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation they were describing is mostly likely to occur in states with large numbers of immigrant residents, such as Texas, California, Florida, New Jersey, Arizona and Nevada. But it would also affect large cities with sizable immigrant populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"nWqOeCoNKQdKc2LTk2UcuHQYoDv40gnv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practical effect would be to create more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant, and fewer districts with large populations of people ineligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, based its reasoning on the federal practice of defining population as all persons. Five justices joined with Ginsburg in her opinion. Two others, Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito, wrote their own concurring opinions. They agreed that Texas could not be forced to change its method of counting, but they maintained that any state could do so if it chose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution says that \"We the People\" are the source of political authority in America. But just who are \"the people\"? That's a big and basic political question, and today the Supreme Court gave its answer — \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-940_ed9g.pdf\">in a unanimous decision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court ruled that the total population as defined by the Census Bureau should be used when counting people for political purposes. That means all persons residing in a particular state or district are to be counted, not just those who are eligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge came from Texas, though that state counts its population for political purposes the same way the other 49 states do. It was brought by the conservative activist group Citizens for Fair Representation, which in recent years has pursued successful legal challenges to parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the affirmative action policies of the University of Texas-Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The practical effect would have been more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The challengers had argued that only citizens who are at least 18 years old should count when separating the population into voting districts (which are drawn to have about the same number of people).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said eligible voters had a disproportionate impact in voting when they live in districts with large numbers of ineligible people (noncitizens and nonadults). Conversely, they argued, those living in districts with fewer ineligible people had their voting power diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs said this violated the constitutional principle of equal protection under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation they were describing is mostly likely to occur in states with large numbers of immigrant residents, such as Texas, California, Florida, New Jersey, Arizona and Nevada. But it would also affect large cities with sizable immigrant populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practical effect would be to create more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant, and fewer districts with large populations of people ineligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, based its reasoning on the federal practice of defining population as all persons. Five justices joined with Ginsburg in her opinion. Two others, Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito, wrote their own concurring opinions. They agreed that Texas could not be forced to change its method of counting, but they maintained that any state could do so if it chose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "SFPD's Latest Racist Texting Scandal: Who Knew What and When?",
"title": "SFPD's Latest Racist Texting Scandal: Who Knew What and When?",
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"content": "\u003cp>The latest batch of racist and homophobic text messages swapped by San Francisco police officers and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/31/five-more-sfpd-officers-sent-bigoted-text-messages-even-during-textgate-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">revealed Thursday\u003c/a> by the city's district attorney are more than an embarrassment; they have serious legal repercussions for any prosecutions involving the officers who wrote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the issue of how and when the Police Department notified the District Attorney's Office of the latest inappropriate texts has become new fuel for a feud between the city's top cop and top prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After District Attorney George Gascón announced the existence of the bigoted texts and told reporters he'd only discovered them late last week, Police Chief Greg Suhr sent him a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306581549/Greg-Suhr-Letter-to-George-Gascon-March-31-2016\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a> indicating that the Police Department told prosecutors about the text messages four times between September and January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous,\" Suhr wrote. \"This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306686232/Gascon-Letter-to-Suhr-Re-Racist-Texts\" target=\"_blank\">replied Friday\u003c/a> that Suhr was correct to indicate that SFPD internal affairs investigators had worked with the DA's office on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-allegedly-interfered-with-investigation-of-fellow-officer-for-rape/\" target=\"_blank\">sexual assault investigation\u003c/a> of an officer (who SFPD has identified as Jason Lai). But:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is entirely inaccurate to indicate that there was a collaborative effort in the investigation of any racist and homophobic text messages,\" Gascón wrote, adding that his office received some 44,000 pages of cell phone records -- including text messages -- in November. \"At no time were we informed that the text messages from the phone associated with [redacted] or his girlfriend contained any potential racist or homophobic text messages.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón wrote that getting additional text messages seized from a lieutenant -- who is likely Lt. Curtis Liu -- \"became a point of contention\" between SFPD criminal investigators and his office's special prosecutions unit. Those texts were finally produced on March 17, Gascón wrote, adding that they prompted him to notify the Police Department Wednesday and the public on Thursday of the racist and homophobic messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am hopeful that any future incidents that jeopardize the fair administration of justice will be disclosed from the outset to both myself and the public,\" Gascón wrote. \"Delaying disclosure of such misconduct only adds to the current climate of distrust. It is my sincere hope that the San Francisco Police Department will change its practices and usher in a culture that promotes transparency and accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelation of a new batch of racist and homophobic texts comes as Police Department and city leadership try to pull the SFPD out of an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/02/sfpd-chief-greg-suhr-responds-to-a-new-list-of-issues-facing-department\" target=\"_blank\">abyss of scandal\u003c/a>, not only involving \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">previously revealed bigoted texts\u003c/a>, but also the fatal shootings of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods\" target=\"_blank\">black\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/alejandro-nieto\" target=\"_blank\">Latino\u003c/a> residents and a consistently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/22/report-african-american-adults-seven-times-as-likely-as-whites-to-be-arrested-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">astronomical racial disparity\u003c/a> in arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee said Friday he was disappointed and frustrated to learn of a new batch of text messages that reportedly, according to District Attorney George Gascón, liberally employ racist slurs for African-Americans and disparage members of the LGBT community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the second batch, and maybe there's a third,\" Lee said in an interview Friday. \"Our public should never be disgraced with the kind of attitudes reflected in these text messages.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he will schedule meetings with police employee groups, including the main officers' union as well as the Asian Officers Association, Officers for Justice, the Police Pride Alliance and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These officers seem to feel that they could talk in this way and get away with it,\" Lee said of at least four officers most directly linked to the latest scandal. \"That tells me that there’s some culture going on here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee declined to wade into a back-and-fourth between Gascón and Suhr concerning how prosecutors became aware of the texts, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main thing is not to fester over who knew what when,\" Lee said. \"It’s when we discovered it, it is our obligation to end it, to serve up examples of why this is bad for the city, for the police force and for the respect of all the other officers that do their best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10917102\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-800x1133.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1133\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10917102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-800x1133.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-400x567.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-1180x1672.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-960x1360.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But who knew what when is of great concern to San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi. He said in an interview Friday that Gascón had a legal obligation to turn over evidence of the texts to relevant defense attorneys as soon as prosecutors became aware of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district attorney says that he just found out about this, yet the chief of police told me that he informed the district attorney six months ago,\" Adachi said. \"It’s a big question because the district attorney, once they have evidence like this of bias, under the law they have to turn it over to the defense because it affects the credibility of these witnesses, and that was not done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adachi's been writing his own letters in the wake of the latest bigoted text messages. He's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306686616/Jeff-Adachi-Letter-to-George-Gascon-Re-Racist-Texts\" target=\"_blank\">asking the district attorney\u003c/a> for a comprehensive list of every case that involved the officers who sent or received bigoted text messages. He said last year's texting scandal resulted in the dismissal of more than a dozen prosecutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ve also made it clear that we want to see all the correspondence between the DA and the chief as to when they became aware of these incidents,\" he said. \"We don’t know at this point how many cases could be affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired California Superior Court Judge Ladoris Cordell said it was very disheartening to learn of a new batch of bigoted texts. She's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/19/blue-ribbon-panel-hears-testimony-on-s-f-police-and-racism\" target=\"_blank\">been serving\u003c/a> on a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/07/s-f-da-convenes-three-retired-judges-to-probe-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">special panel\u003c/a> Gascón convened last year after the first text messaging scandal came to light. She and two other retired judges have been reviewing some 4,000 incident reports prepared by the officers involved, looking for any indications that the overt bigotry displayed in their text messages spilled into their decisions to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It raises the question of now do we have to expand and look at the police reports dating back for these particular officers,\" she said in an interview Friday. \"Or maybe it’s time to just throw up our hands and say, we don’t need to do this, that what’s going on in the Police Department is such that we just need to pull back, take stock and make some major change.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest batch of racist and homophobic text messages swapped by San Francisco police officers and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/31/five-more-sfpd-officers-sent-bigoted-text-messages-even-during-textgate-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">revealed Thursday\u003c/a> by the city's district attorney are more than an embarrassment; they have serious legal repercussions for any prosecutions involving the officers who wrote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the issue of how and when the Police Department notified the District Attorney's Office of the latest inappropriate texts has become new fuel for a feud between the city's top cop and top prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After District Attorney George Gascón announced the existence of the bigoted texts and told reporters he'd only discovered them late last week, Police Chief Greg Suhr sent him a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306581549/Greg-Suhr-Letter-to-George-Gascon-March-31-2016\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a> indicating that the Police Department told prosecutors about the text messages four times between September and January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous,\" Suhr wrote. \"This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306686232/Gascon-Letter-to-Suhr-Re-Racist-Texts\" target=\"_blank\">replied Friday\u003c/a> that Suhr was correct to indicate that SFPD internal affairs investigators had worked with the DA's office on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-allegedly-interfered-with-investigation-of-fellow-officer-for-rape/\" target=\"_blank\">sexual assault investigation\u003c/a> of an officer (who SFPD has identified as Jason Lai). But:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is entirely inaccurate to indicate that there was a collaborative effort in the investigation of any racist and homophobic text messages,\" Gascón wrote, adding that his office received some 44,000 pages of cell phone records -- including text messages -- in November. \"At no time were we informed that the text messages from the phone associated with [redacted] or his girlfriend contained any potential racist or homophobic text messages.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón wrote that getting additional text messages seized from a lieutenant -- who is likely Lt. Curtis Liu -- \"became a point of contention\" between SFPD criminal investigators and his office's special prosecutions unit. Those texts were finally produced on March 17, Gascón wrote, adding that they prompted him to notify the Police Department Wednesday and the public on Thursday of the racist and homophobic messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am hopeful that any future incidents that jeopardize the fair administration of justice will be disclosed from the outset to both myself and the public,\" Gascón wrote. \"Delaying disclosure of such misconduct only adds to the current climate of distrust. It is my sincere hope that the San Francisco Police Department will change its practices and usher in a culture that promotes transparency and accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelation of a new batch of racist and homophobic texts comes as Police Department and city leadership try to pull the SFPD out of an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/02/sfpd-chief-greg-suhr-responds-to-a-new-list-of-issues-facing-department\" target=\"_blank\">abyss of scandal\u003c/a>, not only involving \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">previously revealed bigoted texts\u003c/a>, but also the fatal shootings of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods\" target=\"_blank\">black\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/alejandro-nieto\" target=\"_blank\">Latino\u003c/a> residents and a consistently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/22/report-african-american-adults-seven-times-as-likely-as-whites-to-be-arrested-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">astronomical racial disparity\u003c/a> in arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee said Friday he was disappointed and frustrated to learn of a new batch of text messages that reportedly, according to District Attorney George Gascón, liberally employ racist slurs for African-Americans and disparage members of the LGBT community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the second batch, and maybe there's a third,\" Lee said in an interview Friday. \"Our public should never be disgraced with the kind of attitudes reflected in these text messages.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he will schedule meetings with police employee groups, including the main officers' union as well as the Asian Officers Association, Officers for Justice, the Police Pride Alliance and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These officers seem to feel that they could talk in this way and get away with it,\" Lee said of at least four officers most directly linked to the latest scandal. \"That tells me that there’s some culture going on here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee declined to wade into a back-and-fourth between Gascón and Suhr concerning how prosecutors became aware of the texts, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main thing is not to fester over who knew what when,\" Lee said. \"It’s when we discovered it, it is our obligation to end it, to serve up examples of why this is bad for the city, for the police force and for the respect of all the other officers that do their best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10917102\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-800x1133.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1133\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10917102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-800x1133.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-400x567.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-1180x1672.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Adachi-960x1360.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But who knew what when is of great concern to San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi. He said in an interview Friday that Gascón had a legal obligation to turn over evidence of the texts to relevant defense attorneys as soon as prosecutors became aware of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district attorney says that he just found out about this, yet the chief of police told me that he informed the district attorney six months ago,\" Adachi said. \"It’s a big question because the district attorney, once they have evidence like this of bias, under the law they have to turn it over to the defense because it affects the credibility of these witnesses, and that was not done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adachi's been writing his own letters in the wake of the latest bigoted text messages. He's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306686616/Jeff-Adachi-Letter-to-George-Gascon-Re-Racist-Texts\" target=\"_blank\">asking the district attorney\u003c/a> for a comprehensive list of every case that involved the officers who sent or received bigoted text messages. He said last year's texting scandal resulted in the dismissal of more than a dozen prosecutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ve also made it clear that we want to see all the correspondence between the DA and the chief as to when they became aware of these incidents,\" he said. \"We don’t know at this point how many cases could be affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired California Superior Court Judge Ladoris Cordell said it was very disheartening to learn of a new batch of bigoted texts. She's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/19/blue-ribbon-panel-hears-testimony-on-s-f-police-and-racism\" target=\"_blank\">been serving\u003c/a> on a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/07/s-f-da-convenes-three-retired-judges-to-probe-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">special panel\u003c/a> Gascón convened last year after the first text messaging scandal came to light. She and two other retired judges have been reviewing some 4,000 incident reports prepared by the officers involved, looking for any indications that the overt bigotry displayed in their text messages spilled into their decisions to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It raises the question of now do we have to expand and look at the police reports dating back for these particular officers,\" she said in an interview Friday. \"Or maybe it’s time to just throw up our hands and say, we don’t need to do this, that what’s going on in the Police Department is such that we just need to pull back, take stock and make some major change.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "More SFPD Officers Sent Bigoted Text Messages, Even During 'Textgate' Scandal",
"title": "More SFPD Officers Sent Bigoted Text Messages, Even During 'Textgate' Scandal",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 7:25 p.m. Thursday, March 31:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new group of San Francisco police officers traded \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">bigoted text messages\u003c/a> in 2014 and 2015, expanding the number of officers accused of making overtly racist, homophobic and sexist statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Attorney George Gascón said Thursday that the San Francisco Police Department delivered some 5,000 pages of evidence to his office in late 2015 as part of criminal investigation, and that evidence contained the offensive texts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The messages are very clearly talking about African Americans and using the 'N word' repeatedly,\" Gascón said. \"They’re talking about members of the LGBT community also in a very disparaging fashion, and in the context of the conversation, they’re obviously intended to be racist in nature or homophobic. But again, we’ve only scratched the surface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said he couldn't divulge the details of the criminal investigation that netted the offensive messages or the names of the officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A substantial number of officers in the San Francisco Police Department feel very comfortable displaying very racist and homophobic behavior. This happened before, during and after the previous scandal, which shows these individuals really didn’t care.'\u003ccite>George Gascón,\u003cbr>San Francisco District Attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But the Police Department said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306580286/SFPD-Statement-on-Internal-Affairs-Investigation\" target=\"_blank\">written statement\u003c/a> Thursday afternoon that the texts emerged through its internal investigation of Officer Jason Lai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-allegedly-interfered-with-investigation-of-fellow-officer-for-rape/\" target=\"_blank\">accused Lai last August\u003c/a> of raping her while he was off duty. SFPD \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscopolice.org/article/sfpd-officer-arrested-following-internal-affairs-probe\" target=\"_blank\">said last week\u003c/a> that there was insufficient evidence to prove a sexual assault charge, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-arrested-connection-sexual-assault-probe/\" target=\"_blank\">Lai was charged\u003c/a> with six misdemeanor counts of unlawfully using police department records. Lt. Curtis Liu -- who has since retired -- is also under investigation for allegedly alerting Lai of the internal probe against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Lai and Liu swapped offensive texts, according to the Police Department, as did two other unnamed officers, one of whom has also since left the SFPD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As part of the criminal investigation, the Department searched cell phone records of the involved members and determined that four of those members had sent text messages containing reprehensible racial and homophobic remarks,\" SFPD's statement says. \"The Department acted immediately in suspending officers involved in these text messages and referring the matter to the Police Commission for discipline up to and including termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10915902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 297px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Lai.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10915902\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Lai.jpg\" alt=\"Officer Jason Lai.\" width=\"297\" height=\"372\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10915902\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officer Jason Lai. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three additional unnamed officers \"received single questionable text messages from Officer Lai ... but did not send any questionable messages,\" according to the SFPD. \"The investigation concluded that there was insufficient evidence to bring [disciplinary] charges against the officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said these newly discovered messages were sent in 2014 through late-2015, indicating that officers continued to swap inappropriate messages even after a similar but unrelated scandal \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">broke last March\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earlier batch of messages were made public in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/258662847/Government-Opposition-to-Furminger-Motion-for-Bail-Pending-Appeal\" target=\"_blank\">a federal court filing\u003c/a> concerning former SFPD Sgt. Ian Furminger, and all the messages were recovered from his personal cell phone as part of a federal criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That original scandal was dubbed \"Textgate\" by a black and minority \u003ca href=\"http://officersforjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SFPD officers' group\u003c/a>. One of the text message exchanges targeted the group's president, Sgt. Yulanda Williams, using slurs for both African-Americans and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/03/sfpd-suspends-eight-officers-in-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">attempted to fire eight of the officers involved\u003c/a> and discipline others, but nine of them successfully challenged that discipline in superior court. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">A judge ruled in December\u003c/a> that the department had allowed a one-year statute of limitations for disciplining officers to expire before pursuing the case. The officers remain on paid leave as the city appeals the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors recently began to discover this second batch of text messages with repeated use of \"the N word,\" Gascón said, and derogatory language about \"members of the LGBT community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'For you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous. This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice.'\u003ccite>Greg Suhr,\u003cbr>San Francisco Police Chief\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I think that some of the language was referring to other members of the SFPD as well,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said he sent a letter to SFPD Chief Greg Suhr Wednesday alerting him to the texts and outlining his concerns. He declined to provide a copy of the letter, saying it contained the officers' names and other confidential information. He said Thursday afternoon that he had not received a response from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response came from Suhr a couple hours later in the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306581549/Greg-Suhr-Letter-to-George-Gascon-March-31-2016\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> that was shared widely with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his response, in which \"DA Gascón\" is crossed out and replaced with a handwritten \"George,\" Suhr wrote that the department became aware of the offensive text messages on Aug. 8 of last year, and SFPD told the DA's office about them multiple times:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nOnce the Department identified the officers involved, I immediately placed these officers on suspension. We repeatedly notified your office of the existence of the text messages on September 21, 2015, October 6, 2015, November 2, 2015, and in January 2016. For your information, these contacts and notifications are documented in the chronological record of investigation, as well as emails.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nFor you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous. This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice. My Department is fully committed to the fair administration of justice, and to that end, has provided information and materials relating to the allegations during this cooperative effort.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This latest revelation of more SFPD officers swapping bigoted messages comes after Gascón's response to the previous scandal sparked a feud with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfpoa.org\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Police Officers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón convened a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/07/s-f-da-convenes-three-retired-judges-to-probe-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">blue ribbon panel\u003c/a> to investigate bias in the SFPD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current and former association presidents recently accused Gascón of making racist comments, himself, at a dinner in 2010, and they have said the blue ribbon panel lacks the authority to prosecute officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QB0ORHVedtD4HZxt3L87M1RhdEaFGILt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The San Francisco Police Officers’ Association condemns the appalling racist behavior committed by a handful of officers,\" POA President Martin Halloran said in a written statement Thursday afternoon about the new text messages. \"They have disgraced the uniform and their profession.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halloran similarly condemned the previous messages, but later confirmed that a board controlling the POA's legal defense fund voted to pay for the officers' attorneys. He said that was to enforce the statute of limitations and other legal protections state law grants peace officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This conduct will not be tolerated in the SFPD, nor in the POA,\" Halloran wrote Thursday. \"Chief Suhr has the full support of the POA to take appropriate disciplinary action that protects the due process rights of the officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said the latest batch of bigoted messages point to a broader cultural problem in the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A substantial number of officers in the San Francisco Police Department feel very comfortable displaying very racist and homophobic behavior,\" Gascón said. \"This happened before, during and after the previous scandal, which shows these individuals really didn’t care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said his office would begin a probe of arrests and prosecutions that involved the most recently implicated officers under a similar process that last year flagged some 4,000 arrests for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/department-of-justice-to-conduct-review-of-san-francisco-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 7:25 p.m. Thursday, March 31:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new group of San Francisco police officers traded \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">bigoted text messages\u003c/a> in 2014 and 2015, expanding the number of officers accused of making overtly racist, homophobic and sexist statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Attorney George Gascón said Thursday that the San Francisco Police Department delivered some 5,000 pages of evidence to his office in late 2015 as part of criminal investigation, and that evidence contained the offensive texts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The messages are very clearly talking about African Americans and using the 'N word' repeatedly,\" Gascón said. \"They’re talking about members of the LGBT community also in a very disparaging fashion, and in the context of the conversation, they’re obviously intended to be racist in nature or homophobic. But again, we’ve only scratched the surface.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said he couldn't divulge the details of the criminal investigation that netted the offensive messages or the names of the officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A substantial number of officers in the San Francisco Police Department feel very comfortable displaying very racist and homophobic behavior. This happened before, during and after the previous scandal, which shows these individuals really didn’t care.'\u003ccite>George Gascón,\u003cbr>San Francisco District Attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But the Police Department said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306580286/SFPD-Statement-on-Internal-Affairs-Investigation\" target=\"_blank\">written statement\u003c/a> Thursday afternoon that the texts emerged through its internal investigation of Officer Jason Lai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-allegedly-interfered-with-investigation-of-fellow-officer-for-rape/\" target=\"_blank\">accused Lai last August\u003c/a> of raping her while he was off duty. SFPD \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscopolice.org/article/sfpd-officer-arrested-following-internal-affairs-probe\" target=\"_blank\">said last week\u003c/a> that there was insufficient evidence to prove a sexual assault charge, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sfpd-officer-arrested-connection-sexual-assault-probe/\" target=\"_blank\">Lai was charged\u003c/a> with six misdemeanor counts of unlawfully using police department records. Lt. Curtis Liu -- who has since retired -- is also under investigation for allegedly alerting Lai of the internal probe against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Lai and Liu swapped offensive texts, according to the Police Department, as did two other unnamed officers, one of whom has also since left the SFPD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As part of the criminal investigation, the Department searched cell phone records of the involved members and determined that four of those members had sent text messages containing reprehensible racial and homophobic remarks,\" SFPD's statement says. \"The Department acted immediately in suspending officers involved in these text messages and referring the matter to the Police Commission for discipline up to and including termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10915902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 297px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Lai.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10915902\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Lai.jpg\" alt=\"Officer Jason Lai.\" width=\"297\" height=\"372\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10915902\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officer Jason Lai. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three additional unnamed officers \"received single questionable text messages from Officer Lai ... but did not send any questionable messages,\" according to the SFPD. \"The investigation concluded that there was insufficient evidence to bring [disciplinary] charges against the officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said these newly discovered messages were sent in 2014 through late-2015, indicating that officers continued to swap inappropriate messages even after a similar but unrelated scandal \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">broke last March\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earlier batch of messages were made public in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/258662847/Government-Opposition-to-Furminger-Motion-for-Bail-Pending-Appeal\" target=\"_blank\">a federal court filing\u003c/a> concerning former SFPD Sgt. Ian Furminger, and all the messages were recovered from his personal cell phone as part of a federal criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That original scandal was dubbed \"Textgate\" by a black and minority \u003ca href=\"http://officersforjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SFPD officers' group\u003c/a>. One of the text message exchanges targeted the group's president, Sgt. Yulanda Williams, using slurs for both African-Americans and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/03/sfpd-suspends-eight-officers-in-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">attempted to fire eight of the officers involved\u003c/a> and discipline others, but nine of them successfully challenged that discipline in superior court. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">A judge ruled in December\u003c/a> that the department had allowed a one-year statute of limitations for disciplining officers to expire before pursuing the case. The officers remain on paid leave as the city appeals the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors recently began to discover this second batch of text messages with repeated use of \"the N word,\" Gascón said, and derogatory language about \"members of the LGBT community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'For you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous. This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice.'\u003ccite>Greg Suhr,\u003cbr>San Francisco Police Chief\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I think that some of the language was referring to other members of the SFPD as well,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said he sent a letter to SFPD Chief Greg Suhr Wednesday alerting him to the texts and outlining his concerns. He declined to provide a copy of the letter, saying it contained the officers' names and other confidential information. He said Thursday afternoon that he had not received a response from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response came from Suhr a couple hours later in the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/306581549/Greg-Suhr-Letter-to-George-Gascon-March-31-2016\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> that was shared widely with reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his response, in which \"DA Gascón\" is crossed out and replaced with a handwritten \"George,\" Suhr wrote that the department became aware of the offensive text messages on Aug. 8 of last year, and SFPD told the DA's office about them multiple times:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nOnce the Department identified the officers involved, I immediately placed these officers on suspension. We repeatedly notified your office of the existence of the text messages on September 21, 2015, October 6, 2015, November 2, 2015, and in January 2016. For your information, these contacts and notifications are documented in the chronological record of investigation, as well as emails.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nFor you to suggest that you discovered the text messages through your own criminal investigation would be disingenuous. This is not new information as our offices have been working closely on this case with at least three members of your staff to ensure the fair administration of justice. My Department is fully committed to the fair administration of justice, and to that end, has provided information and materials relating to the allegations during this cooperative effort.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This latest revelation of more SFPD officers swapping bigoted messages comes after Gascón's response to the previous scandal sparked a feud with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfpoa.org\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Police Officers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón convened a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/07/s-f-da-convenes-three-retired-judges-to-probe-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">blue ribbon panel\u003c/a> to investigate bias in the SFPD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current and former association presidents recently accused Gascón of making racist comments, himself, at a dinner in 2010, and they have said the blue ribbon panel lacks the authority to prosecute officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The San Francisco Police Officers’ Association condemns the appalling racist behavior committed by a handful of officers,\" POA President Martin Halloran said in a written statement Thursday afternoon about the new text messages. \"They have disgraced the uniform and their profession.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halloran similarly condemned the previous messages, but later confirmed that a board controlling the POA's legal defense fund voted to pay for the officers' attorneys. He said that was to enforce the statute of limitations and other legal protections state law grants peace officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This conduct will not be tolerated in the SFPD, nor in the POA,\" Halloran wrote Thursday. \"Chief Suhr has the full support of the POA to take appropriate disciplinary action that protects the due process rights of the officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said the latest batch of bigoted messages point to a broader cultural problem in the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A substantial number of officers in the San Francisco Police Department feel very comfortable displaying very racist and homophobic behavior,\" Gascón said. \"This happened before, during and after the previous scandal, which shows these individuals really didn’t care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón said his office would begin a probe of arrests and prosecutions that involved the most recently implicated officers under a similar process that last year flagged some 4,000 arrests for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/department-of-justice-to-conduct-review-of-san-francisco-police-department\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Alameda County DA Not Filing Criminal Charges in Berkeley Balcony Collapse",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Alameda County District Attorney's Office announced today it will not file criminal charges in connection with the \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=4J0uRhkvC9:10757402:1026:6:IlRJRHwxMDU3NDQ0MHwxMDU4Njc0NHwxMDU2NTI1N3wxMDU4MTY4MnwxMDU2NjY5M3wxMDczODQ0OXwxMDY5NDMwMnwxMDQ3OTEyMXwxMDc0ODk1N3wxMDc1MjQ4NnwxMDUxNzAzMXw4MTE4NHwxMDc0NjM1OXwxMDM0MzUwNXwxMDY2NzI3NCI=::previous:56fab1eccadae3-89302494\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley balcony collapse\u003c/a> last June that killed six Irish citizens and injured seven others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collapse was believed to be caused by \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=AoyrjvXAbs:10757402:1026:6:IlRJRHwxMDU3NDQ0MHwxMDU4Njc0NHwxMDU2NTI1N3wxMDU4MTY4MnwxMDU2NjY5M3wxMDczODQ0OXwxMDY5NDMwMnwxMDQ3OTEyMXwxMDc0ODk1N3wxMDc1MjQ4NnwxMDUxNzAzMXw4MTE4NHwxMDc0NjM1OXwxMDM0MzUwNXwxMDY2NzI3NCI=::previous:56fab1eccadae3-89302494\" target=\"_blank\">extensive dry rot\u003c/a> to the wooden deck of a fifth-floor balcony at the Library Gardens apartment complex on Kittredge Street in downtown Berkeley. Most of the visitors from Ireland had been working in the Bay Area under a cultural exchange program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a nine-month investigation, Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced that “there is insufficient evidence to bring criminal manslaughter charges against any one individual or company” in regard to the tragedy on June 16, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/confirmed-dry-rot-found-in-collapsed-berkeley-balcony\" target=\"_blank\"> investigation\u003c/a> into the collapse came after Berkeley's Planning and Development Department announced last June that it would not conduct forensic examination and laboratory tests of the balcony -- proceedings it had determined were \"outside its scope of review,” according to the district attorney’s press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA's investigation set out to determine the cause of the collapse, the foreseeability of it and, essentially, who was to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using forensic analysis of the wood used for the balcony’s construction -- and in collaboration with numerous industry experts -- investigators concluded the main reason for the collapse was water being trapped in the balcony deck during construction, leading to dry rot damage later on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The responsibility for this failure likely extends to many of the parties involved in the construction or maintenance of the building,” O’Malley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After offering his condolences to the victims’ families, Charles Flanagan, Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, said in a statement released earlier that his department will “carefully consider the details” of the district attorney’s investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flanagan added, “This investigation is an important step in a process, the ultimate objective of which is to ensure that a tragedy such as Berkeley never occurs again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the criminal investigation into the collapse has come to an end, civil litigation continues with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/berkeley-balcony-lawsuits-say-long-series-of-errors-led-to-deadly-collapse\" target=\"_blank\">12 lawsuits from victims and their families\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael A. Kelly is one of the attorneys representing the seven who were injured in the collapse, as well as the families of five of those killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement on behalf of his clients, Kelly said the district attorney’s decision does not come as a surprise, considering the high burden of proof that must be met in a criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly added that the DA’s decision should not affect the victims’ ongoing civil proceedings in Alameda County Superior Court. He thanked the district attorney’s office for its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of the information generated, the facts developed, the witnesses identified and the evidence collected in the criminal investigation will benefit the bereaved families and the injured students as they now prosecute the civil actions that have been filed,” Kelly said. “The prosecution of the civil cases will permit our clients to achieve their primary goals: uncovering the truth, publicly identifying the wrongdoers, and holding accountable those responsible for the damage, loss and suffering they have caused …”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several city officials responded to the criminal investigation’s conclusion by offering their condolences to the victims' families once again, and hoped \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/07/15/berkeley-council-approves-new-laws-for-building-safety/\" target=\"_blank\">stricter building regulations\u003c/a> put in place since the collapse will prevent a similar tragedy from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Contractors State License Board may be taking further administrative action against the five contractors involved in the construction of Library Gardens. The decision is pending the conclusion of the board's own investigation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Alameda County District Attorney's Office announced today it will not file criminal charges in connection with the \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=4J0uRhkvC9:10757402:1026:6:IlRJRHwxMDU3NDQ0MHwxMDU4Njc0NHwxMDU2NTI1N3wxMDU4MTY4MnwxMDU2NjY5M3wxMDczODQ0OXwxMDY5NDMwMnwxMDQ3OTEyMXwxMDc0ODk1N3wxMDc1MjQ4NnwxMDUxNzAzMXw4MTE4NHwxMDc0NjM1OXwxMDM0MzUwNXwxMDY2NzI3NCI=::previous:56fab1eccadae3-89302494\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley balcony collapse\u003c/a> last June that killed six Irish citizens and injured seven others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collapse was believed to be caused by \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=AoyrjvXAbs:10757402:1026:6:IlRJRHwxMDU3NDQ0MHwxMDU4Njc0NHwxMDU2NTI1N3wxMDU4MTY4MnwxMDU2NjY5M3wxMDczODQ0OXwxMDY5NDMwMnwxMDQ3OTEyMXwxMDc0ODk1N3wxMDc1MjQ4NnwxMDUxNzAzMXw4MTE4NHwxMDc0NjM1OXwxMDM0MzUwNXwxMDY2NzI3NCI=::previous:56fab1eccadae3-89302494\" target=\"_blank\">extensive dry rot\u003c/a> to the wooden deck of a fifth-floor balcony at the Library Gardens apartment complex on Kittredge Street in downtown Berkeley. Most of the visitors from Ireland had been working in the Bay Area under a cultural exchange program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a nine-month investigation, Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced that “there is insufficient evidence to bring criminal manslaughter charges against any one individual or company” in regard to the tragedy on June 16, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/confirmed-dry-rot-found-in-collapsed-berkeley-balcony\" target=\"_blank\"> investigation\u003c/a> into the collapse came after Berkeley's Planning and Development Department announced last June that it would not conduct forensic examination and laboratory tests of the balcony -- proceedings it had determined were \"outside its scope of review,” according to the district attorney’s press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA's investigation set out to determine the cause of the collapse, the foreseeability of it and, essentially, who was to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using forensic analysis of the wood used for the balcony’s construction -- and in collaboration with numerous industry experts -- investigators concluded the main reason for the collapse was water being trapped in the balcony deck during construction, leading to dry rot damage later on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The responsibility for this failure likely extends to many of the parties involved in the construction or maintenance of the building,” O’Malley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After offering his condolences to the victims’ families, Charles Flanagan, Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, said in a statement released earlier that his department will “carefully consider the details” of the district attorney’s investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flanagan added, “This investigation is an important step in a process, the ultimate objective of which is to ensure that a tragedy such as Berkeley never occurs again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the criminal investigation into the collapse has come to an end, civil litigation continues with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/berkeley-balcony-lawsuits-say-long-series-of-errors-led-to-deadly-collapse\" target=\"_blank\">12 lawsuits from victims and their families\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael A. Kelly is one of the attorneys representing the seven who were injured in the collapse, as well as the families of five of those killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement on behalf of his clients, Kelly said the district attorney’s decision does not come as a surprise, considering the high burden of proof that must be met in a criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly added that the DA’s decision should not affect the victims’ ongoing civil proceedings in Alameda County Superior Court. He thanked the district attorney’s office for its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of the information generated, the facts developed, the witnesses identified and the evidence collected in the criminal investigation will benefit the bereaved families and the injured students as they now prosecute the civil actions that have been filed,” Kelly said. “The prosecution of the civil cases will permit our clients to achieve their primary goals: uncovering the truth, publicly identifying the wrongdoers, and holding accountable those responsible for the damage, loss and suffering they have caused …”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several city officials responded to the criminal investigation’s conclusion by offering their condolences to the victims' families once again, and hoped \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/07/15/berkeley-council-approves-new-laws-for-building-safety/\" target=\"_blank\">stricter building regulations\u003c/a> put in place since the collapse will prevent a similar tragedy from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Contractors State License Board may be taking further administrative action against the five contractors involved in the construction of Library Gardens. The decision is pending the conclusion of the board's own investigation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Charges of a Cover-Up Expand Alameda County Deputies' Beating Scandal",
"title": "Charges of a Cover-Up Expand Alameda County Deputies' Beating Scandal",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:45 p.m. Tuesday, March 29:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third Alameda County Sheriff's deputy has been placed on paid leave in a widening scandal over the severe beating of a car theft suspect last November that was captured on a surveillance video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies Luis Santamaria and Paul Wieber were removed from duty shortly after video of them repeatedly striking Stanislav Petrov with batons as he appears to surrender \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/s-f-public-defender-releases-video-of-police-nightstick-beating\" target=\"_blank\">was published\u003c/a> by the San Francisco public defender on Nov. 13. Wieber and Santamaria were among several deputies Petrov led on a high-speed pursuit from San Leandro to San Francisco the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Sheriff's Office \u003ca href=\"http://www.cehrp.org/alameda-county-sheriffs-pursuit-and-beating-of-stanislav-petrov/\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly released\u003c/a> incident reports related to Petrov's arrest last week, in which Wieber and Santamaria wrote four days after the incident that Petrov continued to resist throughout the beating and may have had a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Defender Jeff Adachi \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/27/s-f-public-defender-alameda-deputies-reports-on-violent-s-f-arrest-a-legal-fiction\" target=\"_blank\">called the reports\u003c/a> a \"legal fiction,\" and Petrov's civil attorney, Michael Haddad, said they showed obviously collusion between several deputies reporting on the arrest. A sheriff's spokesman said Wieber and Santamaria requested attorneys before writing their reports and would have been allowed to watch the surveillance video that went viral days before they were submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irh3JUch7Hg&feature=youtu.be&a\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a third, unnamed deputy has been implicated for allegedly taking Petrov's gold cross, chain, cash and methamphetamine and giving it to a witness in an alleged attempt to bribe him into silence. A Sheriff's Office spokesman \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/114160985-story\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters\u003c/a> Monday night that the deputy was removed from active duty last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s come to light that there were two witnesses on the scene, who were homeless, and that after the beating one of the beaters went up to the witnesses and said ‘I hope you enjoyed the show,’\" Haddad said Tuesday. \"One of the deputies handed them a valuable gold chain and money that they had stolen from Stanislav, and we believe that they were trying to bribe these witnesses into silence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Sheriff Gregory Ahern said Tuesday that the beating was \"disturbing\" and allegations of a cover up constitute a \"total breach of ethics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s not who we are,\" Ahern said. \"Law enforcement should not be doing that. My deputy sheriff’s should not be doing that. If that allegation is true, that’s one of the most horrific things I’ve ever heard. In fact when it was reported to me, I said we’ll investigate that because I’m sure that didn’t occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A reporter brought the witnesses and claims of a cover up to Ahern's attention, he said. Local news television station KTVU \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/114160985-story\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a> that Jerome Allen and his wife Haley Harris were camped near the scene of Petrov's arrest at Stevenson Street and Clinton Park in San Francisco's Mission District:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Allen said two deputies approached him. One of them handed him some items that belonged to Petrov. \"The other cop came around the corner and said, 'Hey, I found something: don't spend it all in one spot.' And he passed me a very nice gold chain with a large medallion cross on it, with diamonds, Turkish gold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris drew KTVU Fox 2's Tara Moriarty a picture of the medallion which the couple hawked for $1,500. They said they spent the money on food, clothes and shoes. We found what appears to be the missing necklace on Petrov's Facebook page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said he was taken aback by the deputy's offering. \"At first I look around, 'Is this being recorded or something?' You know, like they were trying to set me up or something? And I'm like, well, they want me to be quiet; they want me to not say something about that ass whooping they just gave him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said the deputy handed him money, a packet of crystal meth and some Newport short cigarettes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff's Office discovered footage from Wieber's body camera about six days after the incident, Ahern said, which was apparently accidentally switched on during the beating. The leaked incident reports say that 11 deputies and two sergeants involved in the Petrov pursuit and arrest did not activate their body cameras, and current policy does not requires deputies to activate their cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's going to change, Ahern said, along with other policy and training changes in the wake of Petrov's arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said every deputy on the scene had a duty to intervene in the beating and report any misconduct. He said one deputy at the scene did raise concerns about the arrest but declined to explain further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s incumbent upon me to make sure that the culture of this agency is above reproach,\" Ahern said. \"Not by just a few of our deputies, but every single deputy sheriff will be responsible to make sure they’re in compliance with every law and every policy. Not the majority, every single one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil claim filed Tuesday takes aim at the carefully written incident reports turned in days after the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Santamaria, Wieber and other ACSO officers authored and filed materially false police reports and conspired with other Respondents and ACSO officers to cover up their misconduct and unlawful actions in this matter,\" the claim says. \"All Respondents participated in a code of silence concerning the unlawful conduct of fellow officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahern said it's not atypical for a final report to be submitted days after an incident, and that Wieber and Santamaria would have filed draft reports at the end of their shift. Their drafts have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ll be looking into what their original reports look like,\" said Julia Sherwin, another civil rights attorney representing Petrov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrov suffered severe fractures to both arms and hands as well as head injuries in the beating. He was hospitalized for 12 days after the beating and underwent multiple surgeries to repair his \"crushed\" hands, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the San Francisco District Attorney's office said earlier this week that a criminal investigation into the actions of sheriff's deputies is ongoing, but so far no charges have been filed. The Alameda County District Attorney declined to pursue a raft of criminal charges against Petrov stemming from the chase -- including assaulting a peace officer, evading police, possession of narcotics for sale and a loaded handgun, which was discovered in his vehicle after he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read Petrov's claim against Alameda County below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=306291405 key=key-8FNQLOTjUajxJ7CdzxMZ mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:45 p.m. Tuesday, March 29:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third Alameda County Sheriff's deputy has been placed on paid leave in a widening scandal over the severe beating of a car theft suspect last November that was captured on a surveillance video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies Luis Santamaria and Paul Wieber were removed from duty shortly after video of them repeatedly striking Stanislav Petrov with batons as he appears to surrender \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/s-f-public-defender-releases-video-of-police-nightstick-beating\" target=\"_blank\">was published\u003c/a> by the San Francisco public defender on Nov. 13. Wieber and Santamaria were among several deputies Petrov led on a high-speed pursuit from San Leandro to San Francisco the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Sheriff's Office \u003ca href=\"http://www.cehrp.org/alameda-county-sheriffs-pursuit-and-beating-of-stanislav-petrov/\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly released\u003c/a> incident reports related to Petrov's arrest last week, in which Wieber and Santamaria wrote four days after the incident that Petrov continued to resist throughout the beating and may have had a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Defender Jeff Adachi \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/27/s-f-public-defender-alameda-deputies-reports-on-violent-s-f-arrest-a-legal-fiction\" target=\"_blank\">called the reports\u003c/a> a \"legal fiction,\" and Petrov's civil attorney, Michael Haddad, said they showed obviously collusion between several deputies reporting on the arrest. A sheriff's spokesman said Wieber and Santamaria requested attorneys before writing their reports and would have been allowed to watch the surveillance video that went viral days before they were submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/irh3JUch7Hg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/irh3JUch7Hg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Now a third, unnamed deputy has been implicated for allegedly taking Petrov's gold cross, chain, cash and methamphetamine and giving it to a witness in an alleged attempt to bribe him into silence. A Sheriff's Office spokesman \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/114160985-story\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters\u003c/a> Monday night that the deputy was removed from active duty last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s come to light that there were two witnesses on the scene, who were homeless, and that after the beating one of the beaters went up to the witnesses and said ‘I hope you enjoyed the show,’\" Haddad said Tuesday. \"One of the deputies handed them a valuable gold chain and money that they had stolen from Stanislav, and we believe that they were trying to bribe these witnesses into silence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Sheriff Gregory Ahern said Tuesday that the beating was \"disturbing\" and allegations of a cover up constitute a \"total breach of ethics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s not who we are,\" Ahern said. \"Law enforcement should not be doing that. My deputy sheriff’s should not be doing that. If that allegation is true, that’s one of the most horrific things I’ve ever heard. In fact when it was reported to me, I said we’ll investigate that because I’m sure that didn’t occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A reporter brought the witnesses and claims of a cover up to Ahern's attention, he said. Local news television station KTVU \u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/news/114160985-story\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a> that Jerome Allen and his wife Haley Harris were camped near the scene of Petrov's arrest at Stevenson Street and Clinton Park in San Francisco's Mission District:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Allen said two deputies approached him. One of them handed him some items that belonged to Petrov. \"The other cop came around the corner and said, 'Hey, I found something: don't spend it all in one spot.' And he passed me a very nice gold chain with a large medallion cross on it, with diamonds, Turkish gold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris drew KTVU Fox 2's Tara Moriarty a picture of the medallion which the couple hawked for $1,500. They said they spent the money on food, clothes and shoes. We found what appears to be the missing necklace on Petrov's Facebook page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said he was taken aback by the deputy's offering. \"At first I look around, 'Is this being recorded or something?' You know, like they were trying to set me up or something? And I'm like, well, they want me to be quiet; they want me to not say something about that ass whooping they just gave him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said the deputy handed him money, a packet of crystal meth and some Newport short cigarettes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff's Office discovered footage from Wieber's body camera about six days after the incident, Ahern said, which was apparently accidentally switched on during the beating. The leaked incident reports say that 11 deputies and two sergeants involved in the Petrov pursuit and arrest did not activate their body cameras, and current policy does not requires deputies to activate their cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's going to change, Ahern said, along with other policy and training changes in the wake of Petrov's arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said every deputy on the scene had a duty to intervene in the beating and report any misconduct. He said one deputy at the scene did raise concerns about the arrest but declined to explain further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s incumbent upon me to make sure that the culture of this agency is above reproach,\" Ahern said. \"Not by just a few of our deputies, but every single deputy sheriff will be responsible to make sure they’re in compliance with every law and every policy. Not the majority, every single one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A civil claim filed Tuesday takes aim at the carefully written incident reports turned in days after the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Santamaria, Wieber and other ACSO officers authored and filed materially false police reports and conspired with other Respondents and ACSO officers to cover up their misconduct and unlawful actions in this matter,\" the claim says. \"All Respondents participated in a code of silence concerning the unlawful conduct of fellow officers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahern said it's not atypical for a final report to be submitted days after an incident, and that Wieber and Santamaria would have filed draft reports at the end of their shift. Their drafts have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’ll be looking into what their original reports look like,\" said Julia Sherwin, another civil rights attorney representing Petrov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrov suffered severe fractures to both arms and hands as well as head injuries in the beating. He was hospitalized for 12 days after the beating and underwent multiple surgeries to repair his \"crushed\" hands, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the San Francisco District Attorney's office said earlier this week that a criminal investigation into the actions of sheriff's deputies is ongoing, but so far no charges have been filed. The Alameda County District Attorney declined to pursue a raft of criminal charges against Petrov stemming from the chase -- including assaulting a peace officer, evading police, possession of narcotics for sale and a loaded handgun, which was discovered in his vehicle after he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read Petrov's claim against Alameda County below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Big Win for Unions as Supreme Court Deadlocks on Dues for Teachers",
"title": "Big Win for Unions as Supreme Court Deadlocks on Dues for Teachers",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m\u003c/strong>.:\u003cbr>\nShortly after the Supreme Court issued its 4-4 decision today on the Friedrichs v. CTA case, the group representing the plaintiffs announced it would file a petition for the case to be reheard once Justice Antonin Scalia's seat is filled. Terry Pell, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cir-usa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Individual Rights\u003c/a>, told KQED his group wanted the Scalia vacancy filled \"as soon as possible\" without taking a position on whether the U.S. Senate should hold confirmation hearings on President Obama's nominee Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that a justice appointed by either political party will come on the court with an open mind and hear the merits of our case, and that's all we really ask,\" Pell said. \"Whether it's the current nominee or a nominee by the next elected president, is not something that we have an opinion. We would just like to see the position filled by a qualified nominee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many would say organized labor dodged a bullet with today's decision that left the lower court ruling against the plaintiffs in place. But Steve Smith of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californialabor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Federation of Labor \u003c/a>said he was \"not surprised\" by the decision, adding that his group was pleased the Supreme Court \"has put this issue to rest\" by \"upholding 40 years of precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rest\" might be the right word, because the issue surely isn't dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A tie vote from the Supreme Court on Tuesday handed a win to labor unions in a high-profile dispute over their ability to collect fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices divided 4-4 in a case that considered whether public employees represented by a union can be required to pay \"fair share\" fees covering collective bargaining costs even if they are not members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split vote leaves in place an appeals court ruling that upheld the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GWY6YmDBnG3FLpnBll13d4WdrE3HNNqP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is an unlikely victory for organized labor after it seemed almost certain the high court would rule 5-4 to overturn a regime in place nearly 40 years. The court is operating with only eight justices after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia, who had been expected to rule against the unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-sentence opinion does not set a national precedent and does not identify how each justice voted. It simply upholds a decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that applies to California and eight other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union case is among a handful of high-profile disputes in which Scalia's vote was expected to tip the balance toward a result that favored the conservative justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Supreme Court decisions are not final until they are handed down, nothing Scalia did or said in connection with the case before his death mattered to the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of California teachers backed by a conservative group said being forced to pay union fees violated the free speech rights of nonmembers who disagree with the unions' positions. They had urged the justices to overturn a nearly 40-year-old Supreme Court decision that allows the unions to collect the fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court had raised doubts about the viability of the 1977 precedent, Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, but it stopped short of overturning it in two recent cases. In Abood, the court said public workers who choose not to join a union can be required to pay for bargaining costs if the fees don't go toward political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead plaintiff was Rebecca Friedrichs, a public school teacher from Orange County, who said she resigned from the California Teachers Association over differences but was still required to pay about $650 a year to cover bargaining costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case affects more than 5 million workers in 23 states and Washington, D.C., who are represented at the bargaining table by public sector unions. Labor officials worried the potential loss of tens of millions of dollars in fees would reduce their power to bargain for higher wages and benefits for government employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor leaders called the lawsuit part of a coordinated effort by conservative groups to weaken labor rights. Union officials say the fees are necessary because it has a legal duty to represent all teachers at the bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m\u003c/strong>.:\u003cbr>\nShortly after the Supreme Court issued its 4-4 decision today on the Friedrichs v. CTA case, the group representing the plaintiffs announced it would file a petition for the case to be reheard once Justice Antonin Scalia's seat is filled. Terry Pell, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cir-usa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Individual Rights\u003c/a>, told KQED his group wanted the Scalia vacancy filled \"as soon as possible\" without taking a position on whether the U.S. Senate should hold confirmation hearings on President Obama's nominee Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that a justice appointed by either political party will come on the court with an open mind and hear the merits of our case, and that's all we really ask,\" Pell said. \"Whether it's the current nominee or a nominee by the next elected president, is not something that we have an opinion. We would just like to see the position filled by a qualified nominee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many would say organized labor dodged a bullet with today's decision that left the lower court ruling against the plaintiffs in place. But Steve Smith of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californialabor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Federation of Labor \u003c/a>said he was \"not surprised\" by the decision, adding that his group was pleased the Supreme Court \"has put this issue to rest\" by \"upholding 40 years of precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rest\" might be the right word, because the issue surely isn't dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A tie vote from the Supreme Court on Tuesday handed a win to labor unions in a high-profile dispute over their ability to collect fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices divided 4-4 in a case that considered whether public employees represented by a union can be required to pay \"fair share\" fees covering collective bargaining costs even if they are not members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split vote leaves in place an appeals court ruling that upheld the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is an unlikely victory for organized labor after it seemed almost certain the high court would rule 5-4 to overturn a regime in place nearly 40 years. The court is operating with only eight justices after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia, who had been expected to rule against the unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-sentence opinion does not set a national precedent and does not identify how each justice voted. It simply upholds a decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that applies to California and eight other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union case is among a handful of high-profile disputes in which Scalia's vote was expected to tip the balance toward a result that favored the conservative justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Supreme Court decisions are not final until they are handed down, nothing Scalia did or said in connection with the case before his death mattered to the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of California teachers backed by a conservative group said being forced to pay union fees violated the free speech rights of nonmembers who disagree with the unions' positions. They had urged the justices to overturn a nearly 40-year-old Supreme Court decision that allows the unions to collect the fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court had raised doubts about the viability of the 1977 precedent, Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, but it stopped short of overturning it in two recent cases. In Abood, the court said public workers who choose not to join a union can be required to pay for bargaining costs if the fees don't go toward political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead plaintiff was Rebecca Friedrichs, a public school teacher from Orange County, who said she resigned from the California Teachers Association over differences but was still required to pay about $650 a year to cover bargaining costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case affects more than 5 million workers in 23 states and Washington, D.C., who are represented at the bargaining table by public sector unions. Labor officials worried the potential loss of tens of millions of dollars in fees would reduce their power to bargain for higher wages and benefits for government employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor leaders called the lawsuit part of a coordinated effort by conservative groups to weaken labor rights. Union officials say the fees are necessary because it has a legal duty to represent all teachers at the bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two Deaths In One Jail In One Month: How Are We Treating Mentally Ill Inmates?",
"title": "Two Deaths In One Jail In One Month: How Are We Treating Mentally Ill Inmates?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The final three weeks of Walter Roches' life last September were, like much of his previous decade, violent and chaotic, complicated by mental illness and repeated encounters with law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches, 32, had completed a state prison sentence for domestic violence. Afterward, he was placed in the Evans Lane Wellness and Recovery Center, a San Jose facility that, among other things, treats mentally ill parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 5, over Labor Day weekend, Roches was arrested and charged with battery after a \"physical and sexual altercation\" at Evans Lane. He was sent to the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, where he reportedly assaulted two staff members, according to arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches spent the next two weeks in the jail's general population, where he reportedly refused to take a drug prescribed to treat him for psychotic behavior. Jail staff initially noted him to be \"clean and exhibiting good speech.\" But he rapidly deteriorated, and on Sept. 16 was described as \"poorly groomed and disheveled,\" according to the coroner's report on his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three days after that observation, Roches was released. He wasn't on the street for long, though. Milpitas police arrested him the next day for assault and battery, and public drunkenness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Correctional officers fired pepper spray, tear gas and plastic projectiles at Walter Roches, who remained mute and did not struggle.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Back at Santa Clara County Jail, staff found Roches had deteriorated further. After noting his refusal to talk, shower or cooperate with other requests -- later reports described Roches as \"catatonic\" -- the staff decided to move him to the jail's psychiatric ward. The officers commanded him to come out of his cell, but he didn’t respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of his psychosis, Roches may not have understood the commands or been able to respond, said Dr. Michelle Jorden, an assistant medical examiner in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the officers tried pepper spray. Roches did not respond. Next, they threw a canister of tear gas through the food slot in the cell door. No response. Then using an FN303 “less lethal” firearm, the officers shot three times through the food slot, hitting Roches with plastic projectiles. He still didn’t respond. Finally, the officers opened the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches remained mute and did not struggle during the cell extraction or when the officers escorted him out, Jorden said. As part of her investigation she saw a video of the incident, which is not publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches died in the jail a week later. While conducting an autopsy, Jorden found Roches had suffered head trauma and had dozens of bruises on his torso and arms, ranging in size from less than an inch to a 12-by-7.5-inch bruise on his abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jorden said Roches did not die from those injuries. He died from an “untreated mental illness” and sepsis from an untreated urinary tract infection, according to her report. Roches had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the past. Jorden said he became acutely manic while at the jail, which raised his heart rate and blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912403\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/medicalexaminer-e1459207115277.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912403\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912403\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/medicalexaminer-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Assistant Medical Examiner Dr. Michelle Jorden conducted Roches autopsy. She says he died from untreated mental illness, complicated by sepsis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assistant Medical Examiner Dr. Michelle Jorden conducted an autopsy on Roches. She says he died from untreated mental illness, complicated by sepsis. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Over time the body can take so much,\" she said, \"and then you can enter into an exhaustive stage and exhibit circulatory collapse.” Being subject to force would have “heightened and accelerated” the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI is now investigating the deaths of Roches, another mentally ill inmate and additional complaints about Santa Clara jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of Roches' death, Santa Clara County had the equivalent of one and a half psychiatrists for between about 3,500 and 4,000 inmates. Judges, lawyers, correctional officers and advocates agree that it could take weeks or months for an inmate to see a psychiatrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Knapp, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://prisonlaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Prison Law Office\u003c/a>, filed a class action lawsuit in November against Santa Clara County for inhumane conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some serious questions about whether [Roches] was capable of refusing care or whether he should have been involuntarily medicated,” Knapp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches' death occurred just a month after another mentally ill man died in the same jail following what investigators say was a brutal beating at the hands of three guards. That case led to murder charges and unprecedented scrutiny of how the jail handles mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255788391\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Death of Michael Tyree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That other inmate, 31-year-old Michael Tyree, was sentenced to five days in jail for violating probation on a minor drug charge in August. Judge Stephen Manley presides over Santa Clara County’s mental health court and sentenced Tyree, who struggled with bipolar disorder and addiction. Manley said he wanted to send Tyree to a treatment center, but there were no beds available at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s report shows that Tyree died of blunt force trauma, including severe internal bleeding. During a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/03/three-santa-clara-jail-guards-arrested-in-inmates-death\" target=\"_blank\">preliminary hearing\u003c/a>, Dr. Joseph O’Hara of the county Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office testified that the most brutal of Tyree’s injuries were equivalent to being hit with a truck. O’Hara testified that Tyree could not have caused his own fatal injuries, which the deputies' defense attorneys argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912297\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Michael-Head-Shot-Pic.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912297\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10912297 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Michael-Head-Shot-Pic-400x500.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Michael Tyree several years before his death.\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Michael Tyree several years before his death. \u003ccite>(Courtesy the Tyree family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Tyree's sister Elizabeth Ott reacted to seeing photographs of her brother lying naked on the cell floor and covered with feces, vomit and bruises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really horrible,\" she said through tears outside the courthouse. \"I don’t know what would possess somebody to do such a horrible thing to anybody. He was a person, he was valued, he was loved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Tyree’s death, Santa Clara Sheriff Laurie Smith responded, “You’re asking me how it could have happened? It was a crime. It’s being prosecuted. We did a thorough investigation, we made arrests within a week. It’s a horrible crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/Pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">independent commission\u003c/a> was created to investigate the jail. Attorneys for that body recently interviewed nearly a thousand inmates, dozens of jail staff and one inmate’s family. In their report, attorneys said numerous inmates complained that correctional officers beat mentally ill inmates to set an example for other prisoners about what behavior they will and won’t tolerate. Those prisoners are targeted, fellow inmates say, because guards do not think mentally ill inmates will report the abuse. Some guards continue to abuse mentally ill offenders, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says her department is investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting additional grievances,\" she said. \"We’re getting additional allegations. We’ve added staff to our internal affairs unit, to our detective unit, and we’re committed to following up everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correctional officers said at commission meetings that mentally ill inmates housed in general population dormitories often suffer violence at the hands of fellow prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Allen, a correctional officer suing the sheriff’s office for workplace discrimination, is concerned that mentally ill inmates are routinely housed with the general population. He says mentally ill inmates will “kick the doors sometimes -- in some cases all night -- disrupting a dorm of 60 to 90 people. So when you open the doors you’ll find violence because these people will attack this person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen says that when correctional officers try to move mentally ill inmates to the jail’s psychiatric unit, they’re often told there’s no room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll write these mental health referrals, multiple on one particular person, and mental health will go, ‘Eh, we don’t have the space upstairs,'” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Manley is also concerned about the psychiatric ward's capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The waiting list to place people in treatment outside of the jail is roughly the same now as it was six months ago,\" he said. \"It’s anywhere from 90 to 150 people that I’ve ordered released into custody, from custody into treatment, who are not released because there is no treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912302\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912302\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912302\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The FBI and two independent commissions are investigating the operations of Santa Clara County's Main Jail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The FBI and two independent commissions are investigating the operations of Santa Clara County's Main Jail. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the psychiatric ward can serve 139 inmates. In February, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors voted to double the number of beds for mentally ill inmates in a planned new jail facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent commission, including Manley, called on Saturday for the Board of Supervisors to take immediate steps to change the jail leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Blue Ribbon Commission has learned that the myriad problems in the operation of the jails are not recent, but have been ongoing for some time. The problems range from, but are not limited to, mismanagement of the Inmate Welfare Fund, a broken grievance/complaint process, a flawed classification system, a broken medical and mental health system for inmates, a problematic custody input report process, a fear of retaliation by both correctional officers and inmates, a stunning lack of transparency in the jail operations and the murder of Michael Tyree. The Board of Supervisors should acknowledge that the operation of the jails under the current leadership has been a failure for the inmates, for the correctional officers and for the Taxpayers,” the commissioners wrote in a report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Growing Statewide Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s jails were built to hold inmates for relatively short sentences -- usually just a few months. But a change in state law five years ago, known as realignment, shifted more felons to local jails and out of the overcrowded state prisons. In May 2011, the average daily population of jails was 69,406; in May 2015, it was 73,301. Since realignment, the state has provided more than $2.2 billion to counties to help build new correctional facilities, hire staff or create programming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ndk45TGpPeBuiMJu2QgB5IuXAEkVWNZd\"]But one of the biggest changes that local law enforcement is grappling with is holding offenders for long periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not just dealing with somebody for 90 days. I’m dealing with somebody for possibly two years,” says Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean, who chairs a state committee to revise jail regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s had an impact on mentally ill inmates. Dean says that there’s a big difference between holding someone who is mentally ill for several months and holding that person for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at more of a long-term treatment program, maybe a different application of medication that might help them, and then what kind of long-term programming to provide,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many of the roughly 73,300 people in California's jails on a daily basis are suffering from mental illness or how many of them are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a> oversees county jails from the statewide level. It collects data using a voluntary survey, including information on mental health cases and psychotropic medications. However, the agency’s staff say that some counties have interpreted what constitutes a mental health case differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 an average of 247 county jail inmates received mental health care on a daily basis statewide, compared with 343 in 2014. During the same time period, 166 inmates received psychotropic medications on a daily basis in 2010, compared with 238 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912312\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-800x450.png\" alt=\"Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-800x450.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-1180x664.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-960x540.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the information has gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of almost five full years of data from the voluntary BSCC survey, counties did not report how many inmates they treated for mental illness almost one quarter of the time, and also did not report on how many inmates received psychotropic medications 16 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More inmates are also dying in jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, 153 inmates died in custody of county jails, compared to 120 in 2010, according to \u003ca href=\"http://openjustice.doj.ca.gov/data\" target=\"_blank\">state Department of Justice\u003c/a> data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics suggest that inmates commit suicide at a higher rate in jails. In 2014, 38 inmates committed suicide while in custody of county jails, accounting for nearly 25 percent of deaths, compared to the 23 inmates who committed suicide while in custody of state prisons, accounting for 7 percent of deaths. There are seven deaths that occurred in 2014 in state jails the cause of which are still being investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912360\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-800x346.png\" alt=\"In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-800x346.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-400x173.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-1180x511.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-960x416.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special Assistant Attorney General Justin Erlich oversees the state Department of Justice open data project. He says mental illness could be a contributing factor in the increase of in-custody deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a lot of work to do around the mental health and physical health of inmates in county jails,” he said. “When you know something is happening, but you don’t know the extent of the problem, it can inhibit progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/s_adulttitle15&24regulationsrevision2015.php\" target=\"_blank\">committee\u003c/a> will discuss some of the first proposed changes to Title 15, the state law that sets minimum standards for jails, since realignment. Sheriff Dean of Ventura County chairs the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One proposal is to mandate training for all correctional staff who screen incoming inmates for mental illness. This would be part of an eight-hour training session that would include reviewing minimum jail standards and operations within the first six months of employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley says that training all correctional staff is imperative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anywhere in California they are receiving the appropriate training, and that has to change,” Manley said. “The culture has to change to understand that mentally ill offenders are very difficult to work with. They are not easy to work with and they take a lot of time, a lot of patience, and they take some compassion. And these are all things that can be taught and can be learned. But you have to be willing to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee also proposed expanding efforts to prevent suicide. However, no changes have been proposed to restrict the use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for mentally ill inmates want the Board of State and Community Corrections to make far more dramatic changes in how the jails are run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The BSCC is rejecting or failing to implement substantive changes that would ensure people with mental illness receive adequate mental health care and are not at risk of harm from suicide, solitary confinement, lengthy use of restraints and disciplinary actions for behaviors they cannot control,” says Knapp of the Prison Law Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Manley says that making jails safer for mentally ill inmates is not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jails are for punishment. After punishment you have to look at rehabilitation and treatment,” he said. “When mentally ill offenders have served their punishment time and there is no treatment for them, they simply recycle back through the jail. So we are not doing anything to promote public safety and we are not doing anything to improve the mental health of those individuals who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Don Clyde, Alex Cwalinski, Amy Mostafa, Peter Jon Shuler and Nicole West of KQED News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was produced as a project for the California Data Fellowship, a program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "County jails are handling more inmates with serious mental disorders. Lapses in care can have deadly consequences.",
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"description": "County jails are handling more inmates with serious mental disorders. Lapses in care can have deadly consequences.",
"title": "Two Deaths In One Jail In One Month: How Are We Treating Mentally Ill Inmates? | KQED",
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"headline": "Two Deaths In One Jail In One Month: How Are We Treating Mentally Ill Inmates?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The final three weeks of Walter Roches' life last September were, like much of his previous decade, violent and chaotic, complicated by mental illness and repeated encounters with law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches, 32, had completed a state prison sentence for domestic violence. Afterward, he was placed in the Evans Lane Wellness and Recovery Center, a San Jose facility that, among other things, treats mentally ill parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 5, over Labor Day weekend, Roches was arrested and charged with battery after a \"physical and sexual altercation\" at Evans Lane. He was sent to the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, where he reportedly assaulted two staff members, according to arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches spent the next two weeks in the jail's general population, where he reportedly refused to take a drug prescribed to treat him for psychotic behavior. Jail staff initially noted him to be \"clean and exhibiting good speech.\" But he rapidly deteriorated, and on Sept. 16 was described as \"poorly groomed and disheveled,\" according to the coroner's report on his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three days after that observation, Roches was released. He wasn't on the street for long, though. Milpitas police arrested him the next day for assault and battery, and public drunkenness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Correctional officers fired pepper spray, tear gas and plastic projectiles at Walter Roches, who remained mute and did not struggle.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Back at Santa Clara County Jail, staff found Roches had deteriorated further. After noting his refusal to talk, shower or cooperate with other requests -- later reports described Roches as \"catatonic\" -- the staff decided to move him to the jail's psychiatric ward. The officers commanded him to come out of his cell, but he didn’t respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of his psychosis, Roches may not have understood the commands or been able to respond, said Dr. Michelle Jorden, an assistant medical examiner in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the officers tried pepper spray. Roches did not respond. Next, they threw a canister of tear gas through the food slot in the cell door. No response. Then using an FN303 “less lethal” firearm, the officers shot three times through the food slot, hitting Roches with plastic projectiles. He still didn’t respond. Finally, the officers opened the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches remained mute and did not struggle during the cell extraction or when the officers escorted him out, Jorden said. As part of her investigation she saw a video of the incident, which is not publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches died in the jail a week later. While conducting an autopsy, Jorden found Roches had suffered head trauma and had dozens of bruises on his torso and arms, ranging in size from less than an inch to a 12-by-7.5-inch bruise on his abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jorden said Roches did not die from those injuries. He died from an “untreated mental illness” and sepsis from an untreated urinary tract infection, according to her report. Roches had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the past. Jorden said he became acutely manic while at the jail, which raised his heart rate and blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912403\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/medicalexaminer-e1459207115277.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912403\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912403\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/medicalexaminer-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Assistant Medical Examiner Dr. Michelle Jorden conducted Roches autopsy. She says he died from untreated mental illness, complicated by sepsis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assistant Medical Examiner Dr. Michelle Jorden conducted an autopsy on Roches. She says he died from untreated mental illness, complicated by sepsis. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Over time the body can take so much,\" she said, \"and then you can enter into an exhaustive stage and exhibit circulatory collapse.” Being subject to force would have “heightened and accelerated” the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI is now investigating the deaths of Roches, another mentally ill inmate and additional complaints about Santa Clara jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of Roches' death, Santa Clara County had the equivalent of one and a half psychiatrists for between about 3,500 and 4,000 inmates. Judges, lawyers, correctional officers and advocates agree that it could take weeks or months for an inmate to see a psychiatrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Knapp, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://prisonlaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Prison Law Office\u003c/a>, filed a class action lawsuit in November against Santa Clara County for inhumane conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some serious questions about whether [Roches] was capable of refusing care or whether he should have been involuntarily medicated,” Knapp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roches' death occurred just a month after another mentally ill man died in the same jail following what investigators say was a brutal beating at the hands of three guards. That case led to murder charges and unprecedented scrutiny of how the jail handles mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255788391&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255788391'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Death of Michael Tyree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That other inmate, 31-year-old Michael Tyree, was sentenced to five days in jail for violating probation on a minor drug charge in August. Judge Stephen Manley presides over Santa Clara County’s mental health court and sentenced Tyree, who struggled with bipolar disorder and addiction. Manley said he wanted to send Tyree to a treatment center, but there were no beds available at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s report shows that Tyree died of blunt force trauma, including severe internal bleeding. During a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/03/three-santa-clara-jail-guards-arrested-in-inmates-death\" target=\"_blank\">preliminary hearing\u003c/a>, Dr. Joseph O’Hara of the county Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office testified that the most brutal of Tyree’s injuries were equivalent to being hit with a truck. O’Hara testified that Tyree could not have caused his own fatal injuries, which the deputies' defense attorneys argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912297\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Michael-Head-Shot-Pic.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912297\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10912297 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Michael-Head-Shot-Pic-400x500.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Michael Tyree several years before his death.\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Michael Tyree several years before his death. \u003ccite>(Courtesy the Tyree family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Tyree's sister Elizabeth Ott reacted to seeing photographs of her brother lying naked on the cell floor and covered with feces, vomit and bruises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really horrible,\" she said through tears outside the courthouse. \"I don’t know what would possess somebody to do such a horrible thing to anybody. He was a person, he was valued, he was loved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Tyree’s death, Santa Clara Sheriff Laurie Smith responded, “You’re asking me how it could have happened? It was a crime. It’s being prosecuted. We did a thorough investigation, we made arrests within a week. It’s a horrible crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/Pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">independent commission\u003c/a> was created to investigate the jail. Attorneys for that body recently interviewed nearly a thousand inmates, dozens of jail staff and one inmate’s family. In their report, attorneys said numerous inmates complained that correctional officers beat mentally ill inmates to set an example for other prisoners about what behavior they will and won’t tolerate. Those prisoners are targeted, fellow inmates say, because guards do not think mentally ill inmates will report the abuse. Some guards continue to abuse mentally ill offenders, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says her department is investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting additional grievances,\" she said. \"We’re getting additional allegations. We’ve added staff to our internal affairs unit, to our detective unit, and we’re committed to following up everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correctional officers said at commission meetings that mentally ill inmates housed in general population dormitories often suffer violence at the hands of fellow prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Allen, a correctional officer suing the sheriff’s office for workplace discrimination, is concerned that mentally ill inmates are routinely housed with the general population. He says mentally ill inmates will “kick the doors sometimes -- in some cases all night -- disrupting a dorm of 60 to 90 people. So when you open the doors you’ll find violence because these people will attack this person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen says that when correctional officers try to move mentally ill inmates to the jail’s psychiatric unit, they’re often told there’s no room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll write these mental health referrals, multiple on one particular person, and mental health will go, ‘Eh, we don’t have the space upstairs,'” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Manley is also concerned about the psychiatric ward's capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The waiting list to place people in treatment outside of the jail is roughly the same now as it was six months ago,\" he said. \"It’s anywhere from 90 to 150 people that I’ve ordered released into custody, from custody into treatment, who are not released because there is no treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912302\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912302\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912302\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The FBI and two independent commissions are investigating the operations of Santa Clara County's Main Jail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18880_main-jail-sc-vert-qut-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The FBI and two independent commissions are investigating the operations of Santa Clara County's Main Jail. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the psychiatric ward can serve 139 inmates. In February, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors voted to double the number of beds for mentally ill inmates in a planned new jail facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent commission, including Manley, called on Saturday for the Board of Supervisors to take immediate steps to change the jail leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Blue Ribbon Commission has learned that the myriad problems in the operation of the jails are not recent, but have been ongoing for some time. The problems range from, but are not limited to, mismanagement of the Inmate Welfare Fund, a broken grievance/complaint process, a flawed classification system, a broken medical and mental health system for inmates, a problematic custody input report process, a fear of retaliation by both correctional officers and inmates, a stunning lack of transparency in the jail operations and the murder of Michael Tyree. The Board of Supervisors should acknowledge that the operation of the jails under the current leadership has been a failure for the inmates, for the correctional officers and for the Taxpayers,” the commissioners wrote in a report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Growing Statewide Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s jails were built to hold inmates for relatively short sentences -- usually just a few months. But a change in state law five years ago, known as realignment, shifted more felons to local jails and out of the overcrowded state prisons. In May 2011, the average daily population of jails was 69,406; in May 2015, it was 73,301. Since realignment, the state has provided more than $2.2 billion to counties to help build new correctional facilities, hire staff or create programming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But one of the biggest changes that local law enforcement is grappling with is holding offenders for long periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not just dealing with somebody for 90 days. I’m dealing with somebody for possibly two years,” says Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean, who chairs a state committee to revise jail regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s had an impact on mentally ill inmates. Dean says that there’s a big difference between holding someone who is mentally ill for several months and holding that person for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at more of a long-term treatment program, maybe a different application of medication that might help them, and then what kind of long-term programming to provide,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many of the roughly 73,300 people in California's jails on a daily basis are suffering from mental illness or how many of them are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a> oversees county jails from the statewide level. It collects data using a voluntary survey, including information on mental health cases and psychotropic medications. However, the agency’s staff say that some counties have interpreted what constitutes a mental health case differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 an average of 247 county jail inmates received mental health care on a daily basis statewide, compared with 343 in 2014. During the same time period, 166 inmates received psychotropic medications on a daily basis in 2010, compared with 238 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912312\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-800x450.png\" alt=\"Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-800x450.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-1180x664.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder-960x540.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Daily_Average_of_Inmates_Receiving_Care_for_Mental_Illness_in_California_Inmates_Receiving_Mental_Health_Treatment_Inmates_Receiving_Psychotropic_Medications_chartbuilder.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the information has gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of almost five full years of data from the voluntary BSCC survey, counties did not report how many inmates they treated for mental illness almost one quarter of the time, and also did not report on how many inmates received psychotropic medications 16 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More inmates are also dying in jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, 153 inmates died in custody of county jails, compared to 120 in 2010, according to \u003ca href=\"http://openjustice.doj.ca.gov/data\" target=\"_blank\">state Department of Justice\u003c/a> data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics suggest that inmates commit suicide at a higher rate in jails. In 2014, 38 inmates committed suicide while in custody of county jails, accounting for nearly 25 percent of deaths, compared to the 23 inmates who committed suicide while in custody of state prisons, accounting for 7 percent of deaths. There are seven deaths that occurred in 2014 in state jails the cause of which are still being investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10912360\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-800x346.png\" alt=\"In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-800x346.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-400x173.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-1180x511.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder-960x416.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/In-Custody_Deaths_in_County_Jails_in_2014__County_Jail_chartbuilder.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special Assistant Attorney General Justin Erlich oversees the state Department of Justice open data project. He says mental illness could be a contributing factor in the increase of in-custody deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a lot of work to do around the mental health and physical health of inmates in county jails,” he said. “When you know something is happening, but you don’t know the extent of the problem, it can inhibit progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/s_adulttitle15&24regulationsrevision2015.php\" target=\"_blank\">committee\u003c/a> will discuss some of the first proposed changes to Title 15, the state law that sets minimum standards for jails, since realignment. Sheriff Dean of Ventura County chairs the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One proposal is to mandate training for all correctional staff who screen incoming inmates for mental illness. This would be part of an eight-hour training session that would include reviewing minimum jail standards and operations within the first six months of employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley says that training all correctional staff is imperative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anywhere in California they are receiving the appropriate training, and that has to change,” Manley said. “The culture has to change to understand that mentally ill offenders are very difficult to work with. They are not easy to work with and they take a lot of time, a lot of patience, and they take some compassion. And these are all things that can be taught and can be learned. But you have to be willing to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee also proposed expanding efforts to prevent suicide. However, no changes have been proposed to restrict the use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for mentally ill inmates want the Board of State and Community Corrections to make far more dramatic changes in how the jails are run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The BSCC is rejecting or failing to implement substantive changes that would ensure people with mental illness receive adequate mental health care and are not at risk of harm from suicide, solitary confinement, lengthy use of restraints and disciplinary actions for behaviors they cannot control,” says Knapp of the Prison Law Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Manley says that making jails safer for mentally ill inmates is not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jails are for punishment. After punishment you have to look at rehabilitation and treatment,” he said. “When mentally ill offenders have served their punishment time and there is no treatment for them, they simply recycle back through the jail. So we are not doing anything to promote public safety and we are not doing anything to improve the mental health of those individuals who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Don Clyde, Alex Cwalinski, Amy Mostafa, Peter Jon Shuler and Nicole West of KQED News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was produced as a project for the California Data Fellowship, a program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "FBI Cracks San Bernardino Gunman's iPhone Without Apple's Help",
"title": "FBI Cracks San Bernardino Gunman's iPhone Without Apple's Help",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">WASHINGTON — The FBI said Monday it successfully used a mysterious technique without Apple Inc.'s help to hack into the iPhone used by a gunman in the Dec. 2 mass shooting in San Bernardino, effectively ending a pitched court battle between the Obama administration and one of the world's leading technology companies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The government asked a federal judge to vacate a disputed order forcing Apple to help the FBI break into the iPhone, saying it was no longer necessary. The court filing in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California provided no details about how the FBI did it or who showed it how. Apple did not immediately comment on the development.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The brief court notice left important questions unanswered: Who showed the FBI how to break into iPhones? How did the government bypass the security features that Apple has invested millions of dollars to build into its flagship product? Are newer iPhones vulnerable to the same hacking technique? Will the FBI share its information with scores of state and local police agencies that said they also need to break into the iPhones of criminal suspects? Will the FBI reveal to Apple how it broke its security? Did the FBI find anything useful on the iPhone?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"g9rvOrOIqS9P9xNxl9kFeDzm8UGuqBUN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The surprise development also punctured the temporary perception that Apple's security might have been good enough to keep consumers' personal information safe even from the U.S. government — with the tremendous resources it can expend when it wants to uncover something.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The FBI used the technique to access data on an iPhone used by gunman Syed Farook, who died with his wife in a gun battle with police after they \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/many-casualties-in-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed 14 people\u003c/a> in San Bernardino.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">U.S. magistrate Sheri Pym of California last month ordered Apple to provide the FBI with software to help it hack into Farook's work-issued iPhone. The order touched off a debate pitting digital privacy rights against national security concerns.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Apple was headed for a courtroom showdown with the government last week, until federal prosecutors abruptly asked for a postponement so they could test a potential solution that was brought to them by an unidentified party the previous weekend. Technical experts had said there might be a few ways an outsider could gain access to the phone, although the FBI had insisted repeatedly until then that only Apple had the ability to override the iPhone's security.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The case drew international attention and highlighted a growing friction between governments and the tech industry. Apple and other tech companies have said they feel increasing need to protect their customers' data from hackers and unfriendly intruders, while police and other government authorities have warned that encryption and other data-protection measures are making it more difficult for investigators to track criminals and dangerous extremists.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The withdrawal of court process also takes away Apple's ability to legally request details on the method the FBI used. Apple attorneys said last week that they hoped the government would share that information with them if it proved successful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The encrypted phone was protected by a passcode that included security protocols: a time delay and self-destruct feature that erased the phone's data after 10 tries. The two features made it impossible for the government to repeatedly and continuously test passcodes in what's known as a brute-force attack.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">WASHINGTON — The FBI said Monday it successfully used a mysterious technique without Apple Inc.'s help to hack into the iPhone used by a gunman in the Dec. 2 mass shooting in San Bernardino, effectively ending a pitched court battle between the Obama administration and one of the world's leading technology companies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The government asked a federal judge to vacate a disputed order forcing Apple to help the FBI break into the iPhone, saying it was no longer necessary. The court filing in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California provided no details about how the FBI did it or who showed it how. Apple did not immediately comment on the development.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The brief court notice left important questions unanswered: Who showed the FBI how to break into iPhones? How did the government bypass the security features that Apple has invested millions of dollars to build into its flagship product? Are newer iPhones vulnerable to the same hacking technique? Will the FBI share its information with scores of state and local police agencies that said they also need to break into the iPhones of criminal suspects? Will the FBI reveal to Apple how it broke its security? Did the FBI find anything useful on the iPhone?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The surprise development also punctured the temporary perception that Apple's security might have been good enough to keep consumers' personal information safe even from the U.S. government — with the tremendous resources it can expend when it wants to uncover something.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The FBI used the technique to access data on an iPhone used by gunman Syed Farook, who died with his wife in a gun battle with police after they \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/02/many-casualties-in-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed 14 people\u003c/a> in San Bernardino.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">U.S. magistrate Sheri Pym of California last month ordered Apple to provide the FBI with software to help it hack into Farook's work-issued iPhone. The order touched off a debate pitting digital privacy rights against national security concerns.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Apple was headed for a courtroom showdown with the government last week, until federal prosecutors abruptly asked for a postponement so they could test a potential solution that was brought to them by an unidentified party the previous weekend. Technical experts had said there might be a few ways an outsider could gain access to the phone, although the FBI had insisted repeatedly until then that only Apple had the ability to override the iPhone's security.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The case drew international attention and highlighted a growing friction between governments and the tech industry. Apple and other tech companies have said they feel increasing need to protect their customers' data from hackers and unfriendly intruders, while police and other government authorities have warned that encryption and other data-protection measures are making it more difficult for investigators to track criminals and dangerous extremists.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The withdrawal of court process also takes away Apple's ability to legally request details on the method the FBI used. Apple attorneys said last week that they hoped the government would share that information with them if it proved successful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The encrypted phone was protected by a passcode that included security protocols: a time delay and self-destruct feature that erased the phone's data after 10 tries. The two features made it impossible for the government to repeatedly and continuously test passcodes in what's known as a brute-force attack.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Not long ago, the city of Richmond was considered one of the most dangerous cities in America. There was a skyrocketing homicide rate fueled by gangs of young men settling personal or territorial disputes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, the city of about 100,000 residents is called a national model for reducing gun violence. Many cities around the country are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/09/other-cities-emulate-richmonds-innovative-approach-to-ending-gun-violence\" target=\"_blank\">adopting their unconventional strategy\u003c/a> to prevent violence -- which includes paying potential criminals to stay out of trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph McCoy cruises around this tough blue collar town in a small city-owned car, listening for reports of shots fired on the police scanner. He is one of about a half dozen \"neighborhood change agents\" who keep track, sometimes a couple times a day, of scores of known gun offenders or youths at risk of being shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ATqBbnEW2TdCvuOgKz9un8P6FNuOnWdw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it is a shooting, we definitely go to check out see what's going on, because we try to create a pause on the next shooting,\" he says. \"We're trying to figure out how to keep the next shooting from happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents are city employees and all ex-cons with serious street cred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're out doing outreach. There was two young people that had an altercation yesterday; they're brothers, a fist fight. So I need to go out here and make sure they're OK,\" he says as he rolled up to a run-down housing project and talked to three young men ages 19 to 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He talked to them for a few minutes about brothers respecting each other, keeping the peace at home and on the street. It's understood that McCoy won't speak to the police about anything said here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do something real simple that folks just don't realize how, how powerful it is. We love on our youngsters! We come from a sincere place that we love each and every last one of the people we touch, and we try to touch as many people as possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than Just 'Cash for Criminals'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This street outreach is just one part of a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-richmond.civicplus.com/2410/More-about-ONS-Strategic-Initiatives\" target=\"_blank\">broader program\u003c/a> designed by DeVone Boggan, the former director of a city department called the Office of Neighborhood Safety. Boggan was a community activist when he was first hired to do something about gun violence in 2007. Richmond had recorded 47 homicides that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you paid attention to media reports and the frequency of media reports about gun violence in Richmond, you would have believed that you were in Beirut,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/472138377/472176334\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan started the street outreach program in 2008 and saw immediate results. That year, there were 40 percent fewer homicides. But the number of murders climbed again in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan then made a startling discovery in meetings with local law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I continued to hear was folks believed that there were 17 people responsible for 70 percent of the firearm activity in our city. Seventeen people! We can do something about that,\" Boggan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan and his team launched the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/27569\" target=\"_blank\">Operation Peacemaker Fellowship\u003c/a>. They identified those 17 people and several more and made them an offer. The fellowship will give them counseling, social services, a job and a chance to travel if they develop a \"life map,\" agree to stay in contact every day and stay out of trouble. Then the fellowship will pay them up to a $1,000 a month for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result: Richmond has seen its murder rate cut in half since the fellowship began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan says the street patrols are paid by the city while the cash stipends come from private donors. He chuckles when he says media reports have called his program \"cash for criminals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you believe that simply paying someone a stipend will reduce gun crimes in cities where gun crimes are long and loud, you're wrong. We've done something much, much more comprehensive than that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just ask 18-year-old Joel Contreras. He's big like a high school linebacker and has a mouthful of gold caps on his teeth. He says about a year ago he wasn't living right. He was involved with guns, robberies and trouble. Contreras says when he was first offered a chance to change his life, he turned it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked away from him. Ten minutes later, I hit the corner. I get shot. The car got shot a couple times. Me and my friend were both injured,\" Contreras says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras says he doesn't know who shot him in the back of the neck or why. But when the outreach workers came back to see him, Contreras says he was ready to listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They helped me get a job. They helped me get my driver's license. They was pushing me, pushing me, helping me out. They helped me get back in school, which I wouldn't be able to do without them. I graduated high school thanks to them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Replicating the Model Elsewhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond's Office of Neighborhood Safety borrows from similar models in Boston and Chicago. The difference is in Richmond's tight focus on a targeted group and the cash payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is attracting interest from across the country. \u003ca href=\"http://www.njjn.org/article/d-c--bill-would-shift-focus-of-violent-crime-prevention-to-public-health-based-framework\" target=\"_blank\">Washington D.C.\u003c/a> is adopting a similar program, while Oakland and Toledo are among other cities considering the Richmond model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They always ask me, 'Is it going to work, and how much is it going to cost?'\" says Angela Wolf, a researcher for the Oakland-based National Council on Crime and Delinquency. She \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccdglobal.org/sites/default/files/publication_pdf/ons-process-evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">wrote an evaluation\u003c/a> of the Office of Neighborhood Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'My wife reminds me often that gun violence in Richmond is much like diabetes, in that ‘DeVone, you don’t cure diabetes. What you do is you try to manage it.'\u003ccite>DeVone Boggan,\u003cbr>Former Director, Richmond Office of Neighborhood Safety\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wolf says she advises other cities interested in the Richmond model to get ready for a multi-year commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have city leaders that aren't willing to think outside the box and try something different, this is going to be a harder program to get off the ground,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially true, says Wolf, if a city doesn't see immediate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the question of dealing with the local police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ONS approach was pretty unorthodox when it started,\" says Richmond Police Chief Allwyn Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he knows that ONS's \"neighborhood change agents\" don't cooperate or share information with his officers. But he says that while ONS' approach is different, they share a common goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the thing: We recognize that the problem is bigger that what we can deal with, and you know, arresting and incarcerating people isn't going to solve the problem. I mean, it just isn't,\" Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Richmond's success, its struggle to stop gun violence is far from over. Homicides spiked to 21 last year after there were only 11 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan is stepping down as day-to-day director of the Richmond program to consult with other cities trying to replicate it. He says he's realistic about what can be accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife reminds me often that gun violence in Richmond is much like diabetes, in that 'DeVone, you don't cure diabetes. What you do is you try to manage it,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, says Boggan, you have to connect with the people driving the violence and steer them in the right way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Not long ago, the city of Richmond was considered one of the most dangerous cities in America. There was a skyrocketing homicide rate fueled by gangs of young men settling personal or territorial disputes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, the city of about 100,000 residents is called a national model for reducing gun violence. Many cities around the country are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/09/other-cities-emulate-richmonds-innovative-approach-to-ending-gun-violence\" target=\"_blank\">adopting their unconventional strategy\u003c/a> to prevent violence -- which includes paying potential criminals to stay out of trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joseph McCoy cruises around this tough blue collar town in a small city-owned car, listening for reports of shots fired on the police scanner. He is one of about a half dozen \"neighborhood change agents\" who keep track, sometimes a couple times a day, of scores of known gun offenders or youths at risk of being shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it is a shooting, we definitely go to check out see what's going on, because we try to create a pause on the next shooting,\" he says. \"We're trying to figure out how to keep the next shooting from happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents are city employees and all ex-cons with serious street cred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're out doing outreach. There was two young people that had an altercation yesterday; they're brothers, a fist fight. So I need to go out here and make sure they're OK,\" he says as he rolled up to a run-down housing project and talked to three young men ages 19 to 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He talked to them for a few minutes about brothers respecting each other, keeping the peace at home and on the street. It's understood that McCoy won't speak to the police about anything said here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do something real simple that folks just don't realize how, how powerful it is. We love on our youngsters! We come from a sincere place that we love each and every last one of the people we touch, and we try to touch as many people as possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than Just 'Cash for Criminals'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This street outreach is just one part of a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-richmond.civicplus.com/2410/More-about-ONS-Strategic-Initiatives\" target=\"_blank\">broader program\u003c/a> designed by DeVone Boggan, the former director of a city department called the Office of Neighborhood Safety. Boggan was a community activist when he was first hired to do something about gun violence in 2007. Richmond had recorded 47 homicides that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you paid attention to media reports and the frequency of media reports about gun violence in Richmond, you would have believed that you were in Beirut,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/472138377/472176334\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan started the street outreach program in 2008 and saw immediate results. That year, there were 40 percent fewer homicides. But the number of murders climbed again in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan then made a startling discovery in meetings with local law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I continued to hear was folks believed that there were 17 people responsible for 70 percent of the firearm activity in our city. Seventeen people! We can do something about that,\" Boggan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan and his team launched the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/27569\" target=\"_blank\">Operation Peacemaker Fellowship\u003c/a>. They identified those 17 people and several more and made them an offer. The fellowship will give them counseling, social services, a job and a chance to travel if they develop a \"life map,\" agree to stay in contact every day and stay out of trouble. Then the fellowship will pay them up to a $1,000 a month for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result: Richmond has seen its murder rate cut in half since the fellowship began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan says the street patrols are paid by the city while the cash stipends come from private donors. He chuckles when he says media reports have called his program \"cash for criminals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you believe that simply paying someone a stipend will reduce gun crimes in cities where gun crimes are long and loud, you're wrong. We've done something much, much more comprehensive than that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just ask 18-year-old Joel Contreras. He's big like a high school linebacker and has a mouthful of gold caps on his teeth. He says about a year ago he wasn't living right. He was involved with guns, robberies and trouble. Contreras says when he was first offered a chance to change his life, he turned it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked away from him. Ten minutes later, I hit the corner. I get shot. The car got shot a couple times. Me and my friend were both injured,\" Contreras says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contreras says he doesn't know who shot him in the back of the neck or why. But when the outreach workers came back to see him, Contreras says he was ready to listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They helped me get a job. They helped me get my driver's license. They was pushing me, pushing me, helping me out. They helped me get back in school, which I wouldn't be able to do without them. I graduated high school thanks to them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Replicating the Model Elsewhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond's Office of Neighborhood Safety borrows from similar models in Boston and Chicago. The difference is in Richmond's tight focus on a targeted group and the cash payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is attracting interest from across the country. \u003ca href=\"http://www.njjn.org/article/d-c--bill-would-shift-focus-of-violent-crime-prevention-to-public-health-based-framework\" target=\"_blank\">Washington D.C.\u003c/a> is adopting a similar program, while Oakland and Toledo are among other cities considering the Richmond model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They always ask me, 'Is it going to work, and how much is it going to cost?'\" says Angela Wolf, a researcher for the Oakland-based National Council on Crime and Delinquency. She \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccdglobal.org/sites/default/files/publication_pdf/ons-process-evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">wrote an evaluation\u003c/a> of the Office of Neighborhood Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'My wife reminds me often that gun violence in Richmond is much like diabetes, in that ‘DeVone, you don’t cure diabetes. What you do is you try to manage it.'\u003ccite>DeVone Boggan,\u003cbr>Former Director, Richmond Office of Neighborhood Safety\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wolf says she advises other cities interested in the Richmond model to get ready for a multi-year commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have city leaders that aren't willing to think outside the box and try something different, this is going to be a harder program to get off the ground,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially true, says Wolf, if a city doesn't see immediate results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the question of dealing with the local police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ONS approach was pretty unorthodox when it started,\" says Richmond Police Chief Allwyn Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he knows that ONS's \"neighborhood change agents\" don't cooperate or share information with his officers. But he says that while ONS' approach is different, they share a common goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the thing: We recognize that the problem is bigger that what we can deal with, and you know, arresting and incarcerating people isn't going to solve the problem. I mean, it just isn't,\" Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Richmond's success, its struggle to stop gun violence is far from over. Homicides spiked to 21 last year after there were only 11 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boggan is stepping down as day-to-day director of the Richmond program to consult with other cities trying to replicate it. He says he's realistic about what can be accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife reminds me often that gun violence in Richmond is much like diabetes, in that 'DeVone, you don't cure diabetes. What you do is you try to manage it,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, says Boggan, you have to connect with the people driving the violence and steer them in the right way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Could Change if Recreational Pot Is Legalized in California",
"title": "What Could Change if Recreational Pot Is Legalized in California",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Right now it's not hard to buy pot legally in California: $40 and a trip to the doctor, and you have yourself a prescription for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana\u003c/a>, which you can use to treat things like back pain and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a campaign is underway to make pot legal for recreational use. Supporters are gathering signatures now to put an initiative on the November ballot, asking California voters if pot should be fully legal, like it is in Colorado, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0zYIXQeBrog5J7ZZEhOaliuzHP8pQ44r\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those signatures are for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0103%20(Marijuana)_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act\u003c/a> (AUMA). It's likely going to be the initiative that makes it to California's ballot, according to Beau Kilmer, co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far it has more traction than the other marijuana-related initiatives being circulated. It's been endorsed by notable marijuana advocacy groups like \u003ca href=\"http://blog.norml.org/2016/03/23/norml-endorsed-auma-now-we-need-your-help/\" target=\"_blank\">NORML\u003c/a> and has received significant financial support from Napster's Sean Parker, who \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.ss.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1381808&view=late1\" target=\"_blank\">donated $1 million\u003c/a> to the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what'll actually change if it comes to pass? Here's what you need to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would I Be Able to Buy Pot in a Supermarket?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If adult legalization passes in California in November, you’re not going to be able to walk into a supermarket in December and buy a joint,\" said Kilmer. People 21 and older \u003cem>would\u003c/em> be able to walk into licensed retailers and buy marijuana without a prescription. When those retailers could open up is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If adult legalization passes in November, you’re not going to be able to walk into a supermarket in December and buy a joint.'\u003ccite>Beau Kilmer,\u003cbr>RAND Drug Policy Research Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But where you could buy marijuana would still depend on what city you're in. Currently, individual cities can decide whether or not they allow medical dispensaries to set up and sell pot. Some do, and some don't. The ones that don't — for example, Pasadena — can continue to outlaw marijuana shops, even if recreational weed becomes legal statewide. People living in cities where pot shops are not allowed could still have it delivered to their door, or they could simply travel to another city to buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot could remain a cash business, as it has been, said Kilmer, because marijuana is illegal under federal law, and banks are federally-regulated. In order for that to change, there would have to be changes at the federal level. In other states that have fully-legalized marijuana, pot shops continue to be mostly cash businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would There Be a Limit on How Much Marijuana I Can Possess?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 28.5 grams, or a little over an ounce of marijuana, in plant form. If it's in the form of a concentrate, the limit is 8 grams. Since people can legally cultivate up to six plants on their property, they could end up with more than 28.5 grams of harvestable marijuana. In that case, no more than the maximum possession amount can leave the property at one time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"A man smokes a joint in public.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912117\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-1180x751.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-960x611.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would Everyone Be Smoking in Public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not legally. The same restrictions (and then some) would apply to marijuana that apply to tobacco. There would be no consumption allowed in public spaces, in schools or in businesses, unless the businesses are licensed to allow that type of activity. It'll also continue to be illegal to operate motor vehicles under the influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Could Legal Marijuana Be Different Than What's Currently Out There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be much more regulated, as the entire infrastructure would be tracked from seed to sale. Consumers would know where their product came from, what products were used to grow it and how much THC (the psychoactive chemical in pot) exists in what they buy. All of that information would have to be included in an ingredient list on the pot product. Manufacturers would also have to include whether the product was made in a facility that also processes nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There would also be a required legal warning on marijuana packaging, as there is on cigarette packs. The state would know who's producing, selling and manufacturing marijuana and marijuana products, as licenses are going to be issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Could Things Change for Companies That Are Already Manufacturing Marijuana Products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some believe that legalization could bring more legitimacy to their line of work, and that as a result, they'd sell more of their product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Lewis co-owns a company called \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/drinksprig\" target=\"_blank\">Sprig\u003c/a>, which manufactures THC-infused soda and sells it in medical dispensaries in California. He said that the increased regulation would be good for his business, and for the industry as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’ll improve the products. It’ll make things safer... and it’ll make it more of a legitimate industry,\" Lewis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"A vendor weighs buds for card-carrying medical marijuana patients attending Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmer's market on July 4, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-400x252.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-960x605.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vendor weighs buds for card-carrying medical marijuana patients attending Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmer's market on July 4, 2014. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's the legitimacy that he's after. He's already manufacturing his soda in a large-scale bottling plant and designing the can so to look like any other that you'd find in a grocery store. It looks professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no matter how hard he tries, he said, he can't get away from certain legal grey areas. For instance, he has to procure THC syrup from his “guy” in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He does operate a pretty clandestine business... There are some people in the state that have poked their head out of the fox hole. It’s generally not a good idea in my opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If recreational pot is legalized, Lewis thinks he’ll be in a good position to take advantage of the new market. Getting pot syrup would be in a little bit less of a grey area and some companies that have been uncomfortable working with him might change their mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He anticipates his company’s sales will jump from about 15,000 cans a month to 75,000 as more shops open and pot use becomes more socially acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would This Whole Thing Make California any Money?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/news/marijuana.htm\" target=\"_blank\">dispensaries in California\u003c/a> brought in about $570 million, which resulted in about $49.5 million in taxable income. A \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/fiscal-impact-estimate-report%2815-0103%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">state report \u003c/a>estimates that if recreational marijuana is legalized, it could bring in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/recreational-marijuana-could-net-1-billion-in-new-taxes-state-officials-say\" target=\"_blank\">more than $1 billion\u003c/a> in taxes statewide. That money could be used to study the impact of marijuana use, drug use prevention and social welfare programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/1215%20Marijuana%20Tax%2C%20License%2C%20and%20Fees%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Colorado\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.liq.wa.gov/records/frequently-requested-lists\" target=\"_blank\">Washington\u003c/a> have all seen \u003ca href=\"http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/607759/Convergex_Morning_Briefing_2016_3_24docx.pdf?t=1458767285242&utm_campaign=Morning+Briefing&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=27641277&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--apm2Jz1WbjPmF8sVDtyhRZk5LU_mKBY-8_IOlnfrWNLBJl_cfh1C4V2YjkM28mrdHd1Yn7gD0fM7gfAiGZiU15-TcnCKa0W5mjnOUcUiB-OwP2SU&_hsmi=27641277\" target=\"_blank\">an increase\u003c/a> in tax revenue as a result of legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what's important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 KPCC. To see more election coverage, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.kpcc.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You won't be able to buy a joint at the supermarket, but you would likely see recreational pot shops in some cities and businesses that deliver to your door.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Right now it's not hard to buy pot legally in California: $40 and a trip to the doctor, and you have yourself a prescription for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana\u003c/a>, which you can use to treat things like back pain and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a campaign is underway to make pot legal for recreational use. Supporters are gathering signatures now to put an initiative on the November ballot, asking California voters if pot should be fully legal, like it is in Colorado, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those signatures are for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0103%20(Marijuana)_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act\u003c/a> (AUMA). It's likely going to be the initiative that makes it to California's ballot, according to Beau Kilmer, co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far it has more traction than the other marijuana-related initiatives being circulated. It's been endorsed by notable marijuana advocacy groups like \u003ca href=\"http://blog.norml.org/2016/03/23/norml-endorsed-auma-now-we-need-your-help/\" target=\"_blank\">NORML\u003c/a> and has received significant financial support from Napster's Sean Parker, who \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.ss.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1381808&view=late1\" target=\"_blank\">donated $1 million\u003c/a> to the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what'll actually change if it comes to pass? Here's what you need to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would I Be Able to Buy Pot in a Supermarket?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If adult legalization passes in California in November, you’re not going to be able to walk into a supermarket in December and buy a joint,\" said Kilmer. People 21 and older \u003cem>would\u003c/em> be able to walk into licensed retailers and buy marijuana without a prescription. When those retailers could open up is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If adult legalization passes in November, you’re not going to be able to walk into a supermarket in December and buy a joint.'\u003ccite>Beau Kilmer,\u003cbr>RAND Drug Policy Research Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But where you could buy marijuana would still depend on what city you're in. Currently, individual cities can decide whether or not they allow medical dispensaries to set up and sell pot. Some do, and some don't. The ones that don't — for example, Pasadena — can continue to outlaw marijuana shops, even if recreational weed becomes legal statewide. People living in cities where pot shops are not allowed could still have it delivered to their door, or they could simply travel to another city to buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot could remain a cash business, as it has been, said Kilmer, because marijuana is illegal under federal law, and banks are federally-regulated. In order for that to change, there would have to be changes at the federal level. In other states that have fully-legalized marijuana, pot shops continue to be mostly cash businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would There Be a Limit on How Much Marijuana I Can Possess?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 28.5 grams, or a little over an ounce of marijuana, in plant form. If it's in the form of a concentrate, the limit is 8 grams. Since people can legally cultivate up to six plants on their property, they could end up with more than 28.5 grams of harvestable marijuana. In that case, no more than the maximum possession amount can leave the property at one time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"A man smokes a joint in public.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10912117\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-1180x751.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Smokin-960x611.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would Everyone Be Smoking in Public?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not legally. The same restrictions (and then some) would apply to marijuana that apply to tobacco. There would be no consumption allowed in public spaces, in schools or in businesses, unless the businesses are licensed to allow that type of activity. It'll also continue to be illegal to operate motor vehicles under the influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Could Legal Marijuana Be Different Than What's Currently Out There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be much more regulated, as the entire infrastructure would be tracked from seed to sale. Consumers would know where their product came from, what products were used to grow it and how much THC (the psychoactive chemical in pot) exists in what they buy. All of that information would have to be included in an ingredient list on the pot product. Manufacturers would also have to include whether the product was made in a facility that also processes nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There would also be a required legal warning on marijuana packaging, as there is on cigarette packs. The state would know who's producing, selling and manufacturing marijuana and marijuana products, as licenses are going to be issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Could Things Change for Companies That Are Already Manufacturing Marijuana Products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some believe that legalization could bring more legitimacy to their line of work, and that as a result, they'd sell more of their product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Lewis co-owns a company called \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/drinksprig\" target=\"_blank\">Sprig\u003c/a>, which manufactures THC-infused soda and sells it in medical dispensaries in California. He said that the increased regulation would be good for his business, and for the industry as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’ll improve the products. It’ll make things safer... and it’ll make it more of a legitimate industry,\" Lewis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10912213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"A vendor weighs buds for card-carrying medical marijuana patients attending Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmer's market on July 4, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10912213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-800x504.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-400x252.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/PotFarmersMarket-960x605.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vendor weighs buds for card-carrying medical marijuana patients attending Los Angeles' first-ever cannabis farmer's market on July 4, 2014. \u003ccite>(FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's the legitimacy that he's after. He's already manufacturing his soda in a large-scale bottling plant and designing the can so to look like any other that you'd find in a grocery store. It looks professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no matter how hard he tries, he said, he can't get away from certain legal grey areas. For instance, he has to procure THC syrup from his “guy” in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He does operate a pretty clandestine business... There are some people in the state that have poked their head out of the fox hole. It’s generally not a good idea in my opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If recreational pot is legalized, Lewis thinks he’ll be in a good position to take advantage of the new market. Getting pot syrup would be in a little bit less of a grey area and some companies that have been uncomfortable working with him might change their mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He anticipates his company’s sales will jump from about 15,000 cans a month to 75,000 as more shops open and pot use becomes more socially acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would This Whole Thing Make California any Money?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/news/marijuana.htm\" target=\"_blank\">dispensaries in California\u003c/a> brought in about $570 million, which resulted in about $49.5 million in taxable income. A \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/fiscal-impact-estimate-report%2815-0103%29.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">state report \u003c/a>estimates that if recreational marijuana is legalized, it could bring in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/recreational-marijuana-could-net-1-billion-in-new-taxes-state-officials-say\" target=\"_blank\">more than $1 billion\u003c/a> in taxes statewide. That money could be used to study the impact of marijuana use, drug use prevention and social welfare programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/1215%20Marijuana%20Tax%2C%20License%2C%20and%20Fees%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Colorado\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.liq.wa.gov/records/frequently-requested-lists\" target=\"_blank\">Washington\u003c/a> have all seen \u003ca href=\"http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/607759/Convergex_Morning_Briefing_2016_3_24docx.pdf?t=1458767285242&utm_campaign=Morning+Briefing&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=27641277&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--apm2Jz1WbjPmF8sVDtyhRZk5LU_mKBY-8_IOlnfrWNLBJl_cfh1C4V2YjkM28mrdHd1Yn7gD0fM7gfAiGZiU15-TcnCKa0W5mjnOUcUiB-OwP2SU&_hsmi=27641277\" target=\"_blank\">an increase\u003c/a> in tax revenue as a result of legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what's important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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