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"content": "\u003cp>Unaccompanied migrant children are now being held in U.S. custody for more than twice as long, on average, than they were four years ago, according to government data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"additional immigration coverage\" tag=\"immigration\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2015 fiscal year, officials with the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the agency tasked with caring for unaccompanied minors, released children to sponsors within an average of 34 days. But in the first half of this fiscal year, that average jumped to 77 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While officials point to the surge of unaccompanied minors crossing the US.-Mexico border as contributing to delays, immigration advocates argue that stricter screening procedures have exacerbated the situation by deterring more sponsors from coming forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the reason for the longer custody, care providers and advocates say children who have crossed the border without a parent or legal guardian have likely already endured trauma, and postponing their release can cause more damage, both psychologically and physically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we would take custody of a child and then put them in a dangerous position where they are undergoing more harm or trauma should be completely abhorrent to us as a nation,” said Milli Atkinson, supervising attorney at the Immigrant Center for Women and Children in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORR officials reported in March that they had received about 32,000 children from immigration authorities in the last six months. If that surge continues, the number of unaccompanied children this year could be the largest in history, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson and others worry that as government-contracted facilities become more crowded and staff are stretched increasingly thin, minors face higher risk of abuse, depression and health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a recipe for disaster,” said Atkinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a 16-year-old boy from Guatemala \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/unaccompanied-immigrant-boy-dies-us-custody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fell ill\u003c/a> and died while held at a shelter in Texas. And in recent years, thousands of migrant children have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/26/698397631/sexual-assault-of-detained-migrant-children-reported-in-the-thousands-since-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> being sexually abused or harassed while in U.S. custody, often by other detained children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/ae7d561d-adc8-4646-aac8-16cb80ec81d5?src=embed\" title=\"Length of care\" width=\"700\" height=\"630\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pamela Baez, a former life-skills trainer at Cayuga Centers, a nonprofit agency serving upward of 900 unaccompanied minors in New York City, said the children she cared for were desperate to be reunited with their family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2018, when Baez worked for the agency, she said she saw a noticeable increase in the length of time children were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case manager would come and be like, ‘Unfortunately, now you have to stay two more months,’ to the point that children started asking if they could be deported back to their country,” she said. “Because they were just over it, they were tired, they were emotionally drained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11746419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pamela Baez, 25, prepares to leave her kindergarten classroom at the Voices College-Bound Language Academy in Pinole, Calif. on May 1, 2019. Baez, 25, used to work as a life-skills trainer at an agency serving hundreds of unaccompanied minors in New York City.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The children at Cayuga Centers are housed with foster parents and attend daily classes and mental health counseling at the agency. But Baez said many kids are traumatized, and keeping them away from their families aggravates their distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would see how they are suffering,” she said. “I would have kids in my classroom and the next day I’d find out that they had even harmed themselves. Some kids were even trying to commit suicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Cayuga Centers said the safety and well-being of children is the agency’s top priority, and that children are better off with transitional foster families than being detained at residential shelters, where most unaccompanied minors end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children apprehended at the border without a legal guardian are sent to one of over 100 facilities under contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees ORR, and they remain in custody until potential sponsors are vetted to ensure kids are released to a safe environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0b6f797a-d522-4ef7-a7b0-1a3a2ee975a6?src=embed\" title=\"Kids in HHS Custody\" width=\"700\" height=\"630\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel, a 17-year-old Guatemalan boy, spent nearly three months detained at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/13/694138106/inside-the-largest-and-most-controversial-shelter-for-migrant-children-in-the-u-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a shelter\u003c/a> run by a for-profit corporation in southern Florida. He recently attended a legal orientation program in San Francisco’s Mission district with his cousin Santos, who sponsored his release. (KQED is not using the family’s last name because of their immigration status.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos, a construction worker, said Angel hasn’t talked much about what happened at the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Time will heal his wounds, the trauma that he’s carrying,” said Santos, a father of two, who has lived in the Bay Area for 14 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get custody of Angel, Santos and his wife had to provide the government with their fingerprints, biographical information, proof of income and a series of other documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They know everything about me, they know where I live,” he said. “The government asks for a lot of paperwork, but if we don’t turn it in, they don’t give us the boy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos and his wife decided to risk providing their personal information, even though they knew it could land with immigration enforcement officials. But advocates say that since last year, when ORR agreed to share information about potential sponsors with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, many undocumented families are not claiming children out of fear they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, service providers felt comfortable reassuring undocumented sponsors that they and other household members wouldn’t become targets of immigration enforcement. But now, \u003ca href=\"https://justiceforimmigrants.org/what-we-are-working-on/unaccompanied-children/orr-and-dhs-information-sharing-agreement-its-consequences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICE runs\u003c/a> criminal and immigration background checks as part of the vetting process, said Melissa Hastings, a policy advisor at the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops in Washington, DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While thorough vetting of sponsors is beneficial, we do remain deeply concerned about the information sharing between ORR and ICE,” said Hastings. “[It] continues to represent a significant shift in past practices and it is resulting in serious impacts to children, including prolonged stays in U.S. custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Congress limited the use of the ORR data for immigration enforcement after \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/ICE-arrested-undocumented-adults-who-sought-to-13455142.php?psid=3SJnP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> that ICE had arrested 170 immigrants who were trying to get minors out of U.S. custody. Most of those potential sponsors had no criminal record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say those restrictions are set to expire in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate towards immigration right now in this country is inducing a lot of fear for people who in the past may have stepped forward to sponsor a child,” said Atkinson, the San Francisco attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year, the Trump administration expanded requirements for who must be fingerprinted in the sponsor’s household. But the government backtracked after the number of unaccompanied migrant children in U.S. custody ballooned to more than 14,700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, only sponsors who are not the child’s parents or legal guardians must submit their fingerprints for background checks — unless risks and other factors that could harm the child are revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Wait Times for Migrant Children in U.S. Custody Spiked in Recent Years, Records Show | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unaccompanied migrant children are now being held in U.S. custody for more than twice as long, on average, than they were four years ago, according to government data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2015 fiscal year, officials with the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the agency tasked with caring for unaccompanied minors, released children to sponsors within an average of 34 days. But in the first half of this fiscal year, that average jumped to 77 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While officials point to the surge of unaccompanied minors crossing the US.-Mexico border as contributing to delays, immigration advocates argue that stricter screening procedures have exacerbated the situation by deterring more sponsors from coming forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the reason for the longer custody, care providers and advocates say children who have crossed the border without a parent or legal guardian have likely already endured trauma, and postponing their release can cause more damage, both psychologically and physically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we would take custody of a child and then put them in a dangerous position where they are undergoing more harm or trauma should be completely abhorrent to us as a nation,” said Milli Atkinson, supervising attorney at the Immigrant Center for Women and Children in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ORR officials reported in March that they had received about 32,000 children from immigration authorities in the last six months. If that surge continues, the number of unaccompanied children this year could be the largest in history, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson and others worry that as government-contracted facilities become more crowded and staff are stretched increasingly thin, minors face higher risk of abuse, depression and health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a recipe for disaster,” said Atkinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a 16-year-old boy from Guatemala \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/unaccompanied-immigrant-boy-dies-us-custody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fell ill\u003c/a> and died while held at a shelter in Texas. And in recent years, thousands of migrant children have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/26/698397631/sexual-assault-of-detained-migrant-children-reported-in-the-thousands-since-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> being sexually abused or harassed while in U.S. custody, often by other detained children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/ae7d561d-adc8-4646-aac8-16cb80ec81d5?src=embed\" title=\"Length of care\" width=\"700\" height=\"630\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pamela Baez, a former life-skills trainer at Cayuga Centers, a nonprofit agency serving upward of 900 unaccompanied minors in New York City, said the children she cared for were desperate to be reunited with their family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2018, when Baez worked for the agency, she said she saw a noticeable increase in the length of time children were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case manager would come and be like, ‘Unfortunately, now you have to stay two more months,’ to the point that children started asking if they could be deported back to their country,” she said. “Because they were just over it, they were tired, they were emotionally drained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11746419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37039_IMG_2095-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pamela Baez, 25, prepares to leave her kindergarten classroom at the Voices College-Bound Language Academy in Pinole, Calif. on May 1, 2019. Baez, 25, used to work as a life-skills trainer at an agency serving hundreds of unaccompanied minors in New York City.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The children at Cayuga Centers are housed with foster parents and attend daily classes and mental health counseling at the agency. But Baez said many kids are traumatized, and keeping them away from their families aggravates their distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would see how they are suffering,” she said. “I would have kids in my classroom and the next day I’d find out that they had even harmed themselves. Some kids were even trying to commit suicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Cayuga Centers said the safety and well-being of children is the agency’s top priority, and that children are better off with transitional foster families than being detained at residential shelters, where most unaccompanied minors end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children apprehended at the border without a legal guardian are sent to one of over 100 facilities under contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees ORR, and they remain in custody until potential sponsors are vetted to ensure kids are released to a safe environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0b6f797a-d522-4ef7-a7b0-1a3a2ee975a6?src=embed\" title=\"Kids in HHS Custody\" width=\"700\" height=\"630\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel, a 17-year-old Guatemalan boy, spent nearly three months detained at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/13/694138106/inside-the-largest-and-most-controversial-shelter-for-migrant-children-in-the-u-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a shelter\u003c/a> run by a for-profit corporation in southern Florida. He recently attended a legal orientation program in San Francisco’s Mission district with his cousin Santos, who sponsored his release. (KQED is not using the family’s last name because of their immigration status.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos, a construction worker, said Angel hasn’t talked much about what happened at the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Time will heal his wounds, the trauma that he’s carrying,” said Santos, a father of two, who has lived in the Bay Area for 14 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get custody of Angel, Santos and his wife had to provide the government with their fingerprints, biographical information, proof of income and a series of other documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They know everything about me, they know where I live,” he said. “The government asks for a lot of paperwork, but if we don’t turn it in, they don’t give us the boy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos and his wife decided to risk providing their personal information, even though they knew it could land with immigration enforcement officials. But advocates say that since last year, when ORR agreed to share information about potential sponsors with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, many undocumented families are not claiming children out of fear they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, service providers felt comfortable reassuring undocumented sponsors that they and other household members wouldn’t become targets of immigration enforcement. But now, \u003ca href=\"https://justiceforimmigrants.org/what-we-are-working-on/unaccompanied-children/orr-and-dhs-information-sharing-agreement-its-consequences/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICE runs\u003c/a> criminal and immigration background checks as part of the vetting process, said Melissa Hastings, a policy advisor at the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops in Washington, DC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While thorough vetting of sponsors is beneficial, we do remain deeply concerned about the information sharing between ORR and ICE,” said Hastings. “[It] continues to represent a significant shift in past practices and it is resulting in serious impacts to children, including prolonged stays in U.S. custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Congress limited the use of the ORR data for immigration enforcement after \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/ICE-arrested-undocumented-adults-who-sought-to-13455142.php?psid=3SJnP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> that ICE had arrested 170 immigrants who were trying to get minors out of U.S. custody. Most of those potential sponsors had no criminal record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say those restrictions are set to expire in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate towards immigration right now in this country is inducing a lot of fear for people who in the past may have stepped forward to sponsor a child,” said Atkinson, the San Francisco attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year, the Trump administration expanded requirements for who must be fingerprinted in the sponsor’s household. But the government backtracked after the number of unaccompanied migrant children in U.S. custody ballooned to more than 14,700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, only sponsors who are not the child’s parents or legal guardians must submit their fingerprints for background checks — unless risks and other factors that could harm the child are revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Free Immigration Applications May Become Harder to Get Under Federal Proposal",
"title": "Free Immigration Applications May Become Harder to Get Under Federal Proposal",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A plan in the works from the Trump administration could make it harder for immigrants to request an exemption from fees when they seek to become citizens or legal permanent residents of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday is the deadline for public comments on a proposal that would eliminate proof of means-tested benefits, such as Medi-Cal or CalFresh food stamps, as a way to qualify for fee waivers in immigration applications. The agency would still offer to waive fees for applicants who can show through other documents they are very low income or have a financial hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the move could exclude more than 200,000 potential applicants for citizenship from obtaining fee waivers, and is likely to discourage others from applying, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An application for citizenship costs a total of $725, while a request for a green card is $1,225.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the proposal from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services would lengthen and complicate the process of requesting a free application by dropping the most straightforward way for people to prove that their income is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal has the potential to affect our clients really seriously, and limit their ability to file their applications,” said Alyssa Simpson, supervising attorney with Catholic Charities of the East Bay. The nonprofit helps about 1,600 low-income immigrants per year to apply for citizenship and humanitarian relief and other visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration-policy' label='More on Immigration Policy']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a longer and dragged-out process,” Simpson added. “It's the sort of thing that's going to make people have to seek out lawyers or community agencies when, in the past, they might have been able to file on their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, USCIS will waive the application fees of immigrants who are enrolled in means-tested programs administered by states, or who can prove through other documents that they are very low income or have a financial hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency argues that the “means-tested benefit receipt” is unfair and should be eliminated, because different states use different income levels to grant food stamps and other federally funded programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consequently, a fee waiver may be granted for one person who has a certain level of income in one state, but denied for a person with that same income who lives in another state,” according to the USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/04/05/2019-06657/agency-information-collection-activities-revision-of-a-currently-approved-collection-request-for-fee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notice\u003c/a> in the Federal Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS did not return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11745015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reviews a civics lesson for the citizenship exam on March 22, 2018, at a community center in Redwood City, California. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 220,000 people in California who are eligible for citizenship and also enrolled in means-tested programs would no longer qualify for a free application if the new policy takes effect, said Michael Hotard, a researcher with the Immigration Policy Lab at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the changes could deter eligible green card holders from becoming U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Making it harder to use the fee waiver will certainly discourage some potential citizens from actually applying,” said Hotard, the lead author in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationlab.org/project/how-a-simple-nudge-could-boost-citizenship-rates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that found that just telling low-income immigrants that they might qualify for a fee waiver boosted citizenship application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Melissa Rodgers, director of programs for New Americans Campaign']'I think it's an extremely cynical proposal from an agency that right now is proposing to make it harder for poor people to access immigration benefits for which they qualify by attacking the fee waiver pathway'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, roughly 2.4 million people are eligible to become naturalized citizens, and about half of them are eligible to have their application fee waived, a higher proportion than for the rest of the country, according to Hotard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed change to fee waivers comes as the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees USCIS, put forward a \u003ca href=\"http://src.bna.com/wmv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget plan\u003c/a> earlier this year to move nearly $208 million in revenue from USCIS application fees to support agents working on immigration enforcement. Congress declined the request, citing concerns about USCIS’s backlog of more than 750,000 pending immigration applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Rodgers, who directs the New Americans Campaign, a national coalition of nonprofits, decried that plan to divert money from processing immigration applications to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's an extremely cynical proposal from an agency that right now is proposing to make it harder for poor people to access immigration benefits for which they qualify by attacking the fee waiver pathway,” said Rodgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='green-card' label='Naturalization in the U.S.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most other federal agencies, which are funded by appropriations from Congress, USCIS depends on the fees it collects from immigrants to cover the majority of its operating costs. The agency periodically reviews its fees, and implemented its latest fee increase in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS waived an estimated $344 million in fees in fiscal year 2016, up from $223 million in 2013, according to a U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/USCIS%20-%20Fee%20Waiver%20Policies%20and%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becoming naturalized U.S. citizens gives people born abroad the right to vote and protects them from deportation. Research also suggests that immigrants who become citizens are able to earn higher wages, which can benefit their families and larger communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in areas where immigrants are living and working, and they're our friends our neighbors, and so I think it affects all of us,” said Simpson, the attorney.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A plan in the works from the Trump administration could make it harder for immigrants to request an exemption from fees when they seek to become citizens or legal permanent residents of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday is the deadline for public comments on a proposal that would eliminate proof of means-tested benefits, such as Medi-Cal or CalFresh food stamps, as a way to qualify for fee waivers in immigration applications. The agency would still offer to waive fees for applicants who can show through other documents they are very low income or have a financial hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the move could exclude more than 200,000 potential applicants for citizenship from obtaining fee waivers, and is likely to discourage others from applying, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An application for citizenship costs a total of $725, while a request for a green card is $1,225.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the proposal from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services would lengthen and complicate the process of requesting a free application by dropping the most straightforward way for people to prove that their income is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal has the potential to affect our clients really seriously, and limit their ability to file their applications,” said Alyssa Simpson, supervising attorney with Catholic Charities of the East Bay. The nonprofit helps about 1,600 low-income immigrants per year to apply for citizenship and humanitarian relief and other visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a longer and dragged-out process,” Simpson added. “It's the sort of thing that's going to make people have to seek out lawyers or community agencies when, in the past, they might have been able to file on their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, USCIS will waive the application fees of immigrants who are enrolled in means-tested programs administered by states, or who can prove through other documents that they are very low income or have a financial hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency argues that the “means-tested benefit receipt” is unfair and should be eliminated, because different states use different income levels to grant food stamps and other federally funded programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consequently, a fee waiver may be granted for one person who has a certain level of income in one state, but denied for a person with that same income who lives in another state,” according to the USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/04/05/2019-06657/agency-information-collection-activities-revision-of-a-currently-approved-collection-request-for-fee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notice\u003c/a> in the Federal Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS did not return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11745015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36944_Photo-2-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reviews a civics lesson for the citizenship exam on March 22, 2018, at a community center in Redwood City, California. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 220,000 people in California who are eligible for citizenship and also enrolled in means-tested programs would no longer qualify for a free application if the new policy takes effect, said Michael Hotard, a researcher with the Immigration Policy Lab at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the changes could deter eligible green card holders from becoming U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Making it harder to use the fee waiver will certainly discourage some potential citizens from actually applying,” said Hotard, the lead author in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationlab.org/project/how-a-simple-nudge-could-boost-citizenship-rates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that found that just telling low-income immigrants that they might qualify for a fee waiver boosted citizenship application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, roughly 2.4 million people are eligible to become naturalized citizens, and about half of them are eligible to have their application fee waived, a higher proportion than for the rest of the country, according to Hotard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed change to fee waivers comes as the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees USCIS, put forward a \u003ca href=\"http://src.bna.com/wmv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget plan\u003c/a> earlier this year to move nearly $208 million in revenue from USCIS application fees to support agents working on immigration enforcement. Congress declined the request, citing concerns about USCIS’s backlog of more than 750,000 pending immigration applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Rodgers, who directs the New Americans Campaign, a national coalition of nonprofits, decried that plan to divert money from processing immigration applications to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's an extremely cynical proposal from an agency that right now is proposing to make it harder for poor people to access immigration benefits for which they qualify by attacking the fee waiver pathway,” said Rodgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most other federal agencies, which are funded by appropriations from Congress, USCIS depends on the fees it collects from immigrants to cover the majority of its operating costs. The agency periodically reviews its fees, and implemented its latest fee increase in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS waived an estimated $344 million in fees in fiscal year 2016, up from $223 million in 2013, according to a U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/USCIS%20-%20Fee%20Waiver%20Policies%20and%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becoming naturalized U.S. citizens gives people born abroad the right to vote and protects them from deportation. Research also suggests that immigrants who become citizens are able to earn higher wages, which can benefit their families and larger communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in areas where immigrants are living and working, and they're our friends our neighbors, and so I think it affects all of us,” said Simpson, the attorney.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For ‘Hard-to-Count’ California, 2020 Census Poses Challenges and High Stakes",
"title": "For ‘Hard-to-Count’ California, 2020 Census Poses Challenges and High Stakes",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Diego San Luis Ortega was a toddler when his parents brought him to California from Veracruz, Mexico. Now 22 and a “Dreamer” who is protected from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, he is a political activist and a community college student in Visalia who hopes to become a history teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is also gung-ho about standing up to be counted in the 2020 census, despite the concerns of many friends and relatives that participation could put their ability to remain in the United States in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day,” Ortega said, “if it’s to better my community, I’ll do it. If I get hurt, I get hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution mandates an “actual enumeration” of each state’s population every 10 years. The U.S. Census Bureau, part of the U.S. Commerce Department, conducts the decennial count, which aims to determine how many people reside in the United States and where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answers determine, among other things, how many congressional seats each state will have for the coming decade and where hundreds of billions of federal dollars will be spent on medical and nutritional programs, the national school lunch program, housing vouchers, Head Start, highway construction and myriad other programs. The information also is used to redraw congressional and state legislative district boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant element of the 2020 census remains unresolved, awaiting a U.S. Supreme Court decision: Will the Trump administration be allowed to add a question about citizenship?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Sarah Bohn, Public Policy Institute of California']'If there’s a bad count overall and immigrant communities are undercounted, it would be entirely possible for us to lose a seat in Congress.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has argued that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, added the question to collect detailed data to enforce the Voting Rights Act. District court judges concluded that enforcement of the voting law was a pretext. Many legal analysts have concluded that the question was politically motivated, designed to limit the political power of immigrant communities, areas that typically prefer to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is how the citizenship question came to be added and whether Ross ignored administrative review processes. U.S. Solicitor General Noel Francisco argued in part that the courts should not meddle in the Commerce Department’s decisions regarding the census. President Trump broke with the Justice Department’s official line last Wednesday, writing on Twitter that “the American people deserve to know who is in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But grassroots activists and social science researchers contend that if the question is added, immigrants and their families — whether documented or unauthorized — would be less likely to respond or might respond inaccurately because of fears that the information would be used for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744595\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11744595\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-800x760.png\" alt=\"Diego San Luis Ortega — Visalia community college student, activist and Mexican-born Dreamer — says he plans to participate in the 2020 census, regardless of the risk to himself as an immigrant.\" width=\"800\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-800x760.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-160x152.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-1020x969.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-1200x1140.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diego San Luis Ortega — Visalia community college student, activist and Mexican-born Dreamer — says he plans to participate in the 2020 census, regardless of the risk to himself as an immigrant. \u003ccite>(Endrich Sanchez for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California and other states with high immigrant populations stand to lose big. Migrants, particularly Latinos and Asian Americans, have grown to fear the federal government after years of hearing anti-immigrant rhetoric from Trump and like-minded Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think Californians will be less likely to fully answer the form if this question is included,” said Sarah Bohn, director of research and a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco. “If there’s a bad count overall and immigrant communities are undercounted, it would be entirely possible for us to lose a seat in Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Karthick Ramakrishnan, a political science professor helping to direct the California Complete Count Committee ']'The Supreme Court appears to be weighing in on the constitutionality of the policy, not the wisdom.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lawsuits brought by dozens of states, cities and groups, three federal judges at U.S. district courts in California, New York and Maryland have issued rulings blocking the administration’s plan to add the question, which asks: “Is this person a citizen of the United States?” The last time such a question appeared on the form was 1950. Since then, citizenship data has been gathered through surveys of a small sample of households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Tuesday, the U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in U.S. Department of Commerce vs. New York, a case challenging the citizenship question as “arbitrary and capricious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the justices’ questions, it appears that the court’s conservative majority is prepared to back the administration’s plan, even though the Census Bureau’s own statisticians project that as many as 6.5 million people could go uncounted if the question is allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court is expected to decide by late June, just as census forms are to be printed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='census' label='More Coverage of the 2020 Census']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Guevara, 29, a graduate of Stanford University, has experienced the census challenges firsthand. She recently became the census campaign manager for the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights in Los Angeles, or CHIRLA, part of a coalition that launched a get-out-the-count campaign on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guevara’s parents immigrated to California more than 30 years ago and eventually became naturalized citizens, but they have never participated in a census. “It took me getting this job and having a conversation with my mom for her to learn about this for the first time,” Guevara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has already earmarked $100.3 million for census outreach, and Gov. Gavin Newsom has proposed that an additional $54 million be allocated. On a per-person basis, California is investing more than any other state to get out the count, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many factors conspire to make California the nation’s hardest-to-count state. They include the high immigrant population, many residents’ limited English proficiency, the high number of renters and multiple-family households with children 5 and under, homeless people, couch surfers and those with limited access to technology. For the first time, this census is expected to be conducted, for the most part, electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Diego San Luis Ortega, political activist, Dreamer and college student in Visalia']'If it’s to better my community, I’ll do it. If I get hurt, I get hurt.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high stakes and California’s notoriously hard-to-count citizenry have propelled dozens of grassroots, municipal and statewide organizations to brainstorm strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Complete Count Committee is an advisory panel of 26 members appointed by former Gov. Jerry Brown and state legislators. Similar organizations exist in counties, cities and regions including the Central Valley and the Inland Empire in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using funds from the state or philanthropic organizations, groups are plotting multiple outreach efforts. In rural areas of California, Communities for a New California Education Fund — a civil rights organization with offices in Sacramento, Fresno, Merced and Coachella Valley — plans to send teams door to door and to run phone banks. Language will be an issue for volunteers and staff members. The San Joaquin Valley, where many of the efforts will be concentrated, has migrants who speak Spanish, Hmong, Punjabi and indigenous languages of Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these programs are intended to spread the word that “by filling out the form, you are representing your community,” said Diana Crofts-Pelayo, a spokeswoman for the Sacramento-based California Complete Count — Census 2020, which is coordinating the census outreach strategy. “Waiting for 10 years from now isn’t an option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Complete Count is partnering with county offices of education, tribal governments and regional community-based organizations to encourage people to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups will pass out census information to families who visit social service agencies, hold town halls and sponsor mobile centers where people will be able to complete the census online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Quezada, director of research and special projects with the Central Valley Immigrant Integration Collaborative, has held meetings in community centers, day care centers and people’s apartments. “If you speak to people and help them understand [the importance of participating], they get it,” she said. “[But] the inclusion of the citizenship question will be a big deterrent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Los Angeles region, the Census Bureau plans to gather data from homeless-service providers and provide explicit instructions in mailed materials about including young children. Digital advertising will be enlisted to get the attention of renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Hershey, who is on the California Complete Count Committee, said that in some areas, properties might house several families, living in garages, tents or trailers — knowledge that must be gained from on-site visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have so many boots on the ground right now … [because] we want to identify where people might live,” said Hershey, executive director of Housing California, a Sacramento nonprofit that seeks to find housing for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edward Kissam, a longtime researcher on immigrant issues and a trustee of the WKF Charitable Giving Fund, which supports immigrant integration initiatives, said the addition of the citizenship question would put pressure on the Census Bureau to hire enumerators who could interact “culturally and linguistically” with reluctant households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karthick Ramakrishnan, a professor of political science and public policy at UC Riverside who is directing the complete count committee for the Inland Empire counties of San Bernardino and Riverside, expressed dismay that the high court appeared to be leaning toward approving the citizenship query.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court appears to be weighing in on the constitutionality of the policy, not the wisdom,” said Ramakrishnan, who is also founding director of the university’s Center for Social Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the high court allows the question, the next move would be up to Congress, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The House could play hardball with the administration and say: ‘We will not give another dime for the 2020 census until you take that question away,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Diego San Luis Ortega was a toddler when his parents brought him to California from Veracruz, Mexico. Now 22 and a “Dreamer” who is protected from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, he is a political activist and a community college student in Visalia who hopes to become a history teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is also gung-ho about standing up to be counted in the 2020 census, despite the concerns of many friends and relatives that participation could put their ability to remain in the United States in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day,” Ortega said, “if it’s to better my community, I’ll do it. If I get hurt, I get hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution mandates an “actual enumeration” of each state’s population every 10 years. The U.S. Census Bureau, part of the U.S. Commerce Department, conducts the decennial count, which aims to determine how many people reside in the United States and where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answers determine, among other things, how many congressional seats each state will have for the coming decade and where hundreds of billions of federal dollars will be spent on medical and nutritional programs, the national school lunch program, housing vouchers, Head Start, highway construction and myriad other programs. The information also is used to redraw congressional and state legislative district boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant element of the 2020 census remains unresolved, awaiting a U.S. Supreme Court decision: Will the Trump administration be allowed to add a question about citizenship?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has argued that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, added the question to collect detailed data to enforce the Voting Rights Act. District court judges concluded that enforcement of the voting law was a pretext. Many legal analysts have concluded that the question was politically motivated, designed to limit the political power of immigrant communities, areas that typically prefer to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is how the citizenship question came to be added and whether Ross ignored administrative review processes. U.S. Solicitor General Noel Francisco argued in part that the courts should not meddle in the Commerce Department’s decisions regarding the census. President Trump broke with the Justice Department’s official line last Wednesday, writing on Twitter that “the American people deserve to know who is in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But grassroots activists and social science researchers contend that if the question is added, immigrants and their families — whether documented or unauthorized — would be less likely to respond or might respond inaccurately because of fears that the information would be used for immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744595\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11744595\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-800x760.png\" alt=\"Diego San Luis Ortega — Visalia community college student, activist and Mexican-born Dreamer — says he plans to participate in the 2020 census, regardless of the risk to himself as an immigrant.\" width=\"800\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-800x760.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-160x152.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-1020x969.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California-1200x1140.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/05022019_2020-census_US-census_California.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diego San Luis Ortega — Visalia community college student, activist and Mexican-born Dreamer — says he plans to participate in the 2020 census, regardless of the risk to himself as an immigrant. \u003ccite>(Endrich Sanchez for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California and other states with high immigrant populations stand to lose big. Migrants, particularly Latinos and Asian Americans, have grown to fear the federal government after years of hearing anti-immigrant rhetoric from Trump and like-minded Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think Californians will be less likely to fully answer the form if this question is included,” said Sarah Bohn, director of research and a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco. “If there’s a bad count overall and immigrant communities are undercounted, it would be entirely possible for us to lose a seat in Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lawsuits brought by dozens of states, cities and groups, three federal judges at U.S. district courts in California, New York and Maryland have issued rulings blocking the administration’s plan to add the question, which asks: “Is this person a citizen of the United States?” The last time such a question appeared on the form was 1950. Since then, citizenship data has been gathered through surveys of a small sample of households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Tuesday, the U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in U.S. Department of Commerce vs. New York, a case challenging the citizenship question as “arbitrary and capricious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the justices’ questions, it appears that the court’s conservative majority is prepared to back the administration’s plan, even though the Census Bureau’s own statisticians project that as many as 6.5 million people could go uncounted if the question is allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court is expected to decide by late June, just as census forms are to be printed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Guevara, 29, a graduate of Stanford University, has experienced the census challenges firsthand. She recently became the census campaign manager for the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights in Los Angeles, or CHIRLA, part of a coalition that launched a get-out-the-count campaign on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guevara’s parents immigrated to California more than 30 years ago and eventually became naturalized citizens, but they have never participated in a census. “It took me getting this job and having a conversation with my mom for her to learn about this for the first time,” Guevara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has already earmarked $100.3 million for census outreach, and Gov. Gavin Newsom has proposed that an additional $54 million be allocated. On a per-person basis, California is investing more than any other state to get out the count, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many factors conspire to make California the nation’s hardest-to-count state. They include the high immigrant population, many residents’ limited English proficiency, the high number of renters and multiple-family households with children 5 and under, homeless people, couch surfers and those with limited access to technology. For the first time, this census is expected to be conducted, for the most part, electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high stakes and California’s notoriously hard-to-count citizenry have propelled dozens of grassroots, municipal and statewide organizations to brainstorm strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Complete Count Committee is an advisory panel of 26 members appointed by former Gov. Jerry Brown and state legislators. Similar organizations exist in counties, cities and regions including the Central Valley and the Inland Empire in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using funds from the state or philanthropic organizations, groups are plotting multiple outreach efforts. In rural areas of California, Communities for a New California Education Fund — a civil rights organization with offices in Sacramento, Fresno, Merced and Coachella Valley — plans to send teams door to door and to run phone banks. Language will be an issue for volunteers and staff members. The San Joaquin Valley, where many of the efforts will be concentrated, has migrants who speak Spanish, Hmong, Punjabi and indigenous languages of Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these programs are intended to spread the word that “by filling out the form, you are representing your community,” said Diana Crofts-Pelayo, a spokeswoman for the Sacramento-based California Complete Count — Census 2020, which is coordinating the census outreach strategy. “Waiting for 10 years from now isn’t an option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Complete Count is partnering with county offices of education, tribal governments and regional community-based organizations to encourage people to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups will pass out census information to families who visit social service agencies, hold town halls and sponsor mobile centers where people will be able to complete the census online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Quezada, director of research and special projects with the Central Valley Immigrant Integration Collaborative, has held meetings in community centers, day care centers and people’s apartments. “If you speak to people and help them understand [the importance of participating], they get it,” she said. “[But] the inclusion of the citizenship question will be a big deterrent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Los Angeles region, the Census Bureau plans to gather data from homeless-service providers and provide explicit instructions in mailed materials about including young children. Digital advertising will be enlisted to get the attention of renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Hershey, who is on the California Complete Count Committee, said that in some areas, properties might house several families, living in garages, tents or trailers — knowledge that must be gained from on-site visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have so many boots on the ground right now … [because] we want to identify where people might live,” said Hershey, executive director of Housing California, a Sacramento nonprofit that seeks to find housing for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edward Kissam, a longtime researcher on immigrant issues and a trustee of the WKF Charitable Giving Fund, which supports immigrant integration initiatives, said the addition of the citizenship question would put pressure on the Census Bureau to hire enumerators who could interact “culturally and linguistically” with reluctant households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karthick Ramakrishnan, a professor of political science and public policy at UC Riverside who is directing the complete count committee for the Inland Empire counties of San Bernardino and Riverside, expressed dismay that the high court appeared to be leaning toward approving the citizenship query.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court appears to be weighing in on the constitutionality of the policy, not the wisdom,” said Ramakrishnan, who is also founding director of the university’s Center for Social Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the high court allows the question, the next move would be up to Congress, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The House could play hardball with the administration and say: ‘We will not give another dime for the 2020 census until you take that question away,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union says it has uncovered new evidence that federal border agents are violating the Constitution when they search travelers’ electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU, along with the San Francisco-based Electronic Frontier Foundation, sued the federal government in 2017, alleging that its “warrantless and suspicionless searches” of electronic devices at the U.S. ports of entry violated the First and Fourth amendments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"ACLU statement\"]‘Let’s get one thing clear. The government cannot use the pretext of the ‘border’ to make an end run around the Constitution.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers now say that, through depositions of border agents, they have learned that the scope of the warrantless searches has expanded far beyond the mere enforcement of immigration and customs laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officers have the authority to search belongings for contraband, or to determine who is admissible into the U.S., the ACLU said. But agents now “claim authority to search travelers’ devices for general law enforcement purposes, such as looking for potential evidence of illegal activity beyond violations of immigration and customs laws,” plaintiffs wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That claimed authority extends to enforcing ‘hundreds’ of federal laws, including tax, bankruptcy, environmental, and consumer protection laws. Defendants’ asserted purposes for conducting warrantless or suspicionless device searches also include intelligence gathering or advancing pre-existing investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These practices violate the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable search and seizure, the ACLU wrote. They also violate the First Amendment, attorneys said, because people traveling to the U.S. might censor themselves, knowing that a border agent might look through their phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/alasaad-v-mcaleenan-memorandum-support-motion-summary-judgment\">filing \u003c/a>this week in the U.S. District Court in Massachusetts, the lawyers asked the government to rule in their favor without a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s get one thing clear,” the ACLU said in a statement. “The government cannot use the pretext of the ‘border’ to make an end run around the Constitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has said its searches are necessary to protect the country. The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to an Associated Press request for comment; ICE and CBP said they would not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was filed on behalf of 11 defendants, including a limousine driver, two journalists, and a NASA engineer. Ten of the plaintiffs are U.S. citizens, and one is a lawful permanent resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11744162,news_11743074,news_11739952 label='More Coverage of the Border']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searches of international travelers’ electronic devices have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-updated-border-search-electronic-device-directive-and\">spiked \u003c/a>in recent years. According to the lawsuit, border officers searched the smartphones and laptops of more than 33,000 international travelers in 2018 — an increase of almost 400% from three years earlier. Those searches, the complaint says, violate the Fourth Amendment’s protections against unreasonable search and seizure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border searches of electronic devices intrude deeply on the private lives of all travelers and raise unique concerns for the journalists, lawyers, doctors, and others who carry particularly sensitive information about their news sources, clients, and patients,” the attorneys wrote. They argued that the warrantless searches “turn the border into a digital dragnet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2018-Jan/CBP-Directive-3340-049A-Border-Search-of-Electronic-Media-Compliant.pdf\">Customs and Border Protection policy\u003c/a> implemented in 2018 permits two kinds of searches: basic and advanced. In a basic search, an officer looks through an electronic device manually. In an advanced search, the officer connects external equipment to the device in order to review and sometimes copy its contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP policy allows basic searches without any suspicion of wrongdoing; advanced searches require a “reasonable suspicion of activity in violation of the laws enforced or administered by CBP” or a “national security concern.” U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has a similar policy permitting both basic and advanced searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a legal filing, the agencies said their searches were “a crucial tool for detecting evidence relating to terrorism and other national security matters” and “can also reveal information about financial and commercial crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those searches go far beyond what the Constitution allows, the ACLU lawsuit argues. “The government cannot use the border to circumvent the Constitution,” they wrote. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=ACLU%3A+Border+Agents+Violate+Constitution+When+They+Search+Electronic+Devices&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "U.S. border agents improperly look for broad evidence of crimes when they search international travelers' phones and laptops without probable cause, civil rights groups argue.",
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"title": "ACLU: Border Agents Violate Constitution When They Search Electronic Devices | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union says it has uncovered new evidence that federal border agents are violating the Constitution when they search travelers’ electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU, along with the San Francisco-based Electronic Frontier Foundation, sued the federal government in 2017, alleging that its “warrantless and suspicionless searches” of electronic devices at the U.S. ports of entry violated the First and Fourth amendments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers now say that, through depositions of border agents, they have learned that the scope of the warrantless searches has expanded far beyond the mere enforcement of immigration and customs laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officers have the authority to search belongings for contraband, or to determine who is admissible into the U.S., the ACLU said. But agents now “claim authority to search travelers’ devices for general law enforcement purposes, such as looking for potential evidence of illegal activity beyond violations of immigration and customs laws,” plaintiffs wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That claimed authority extends to enforcing ‘hundreds’ of federal laws, including tax, bankruptcy, environmental, and consumer protection laws. Defendants’ asserted purposes for conducting warrantless or suspicionless device searches also include intelligence gathering or advancing pre-existing investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These practices violate the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable search and seizure, the ACLU wrote. They also violate the First Amendment, attorneys said, because people traveling to the U.S. might censor themselves, knowing that a border agent might look through their phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/alasaad-v-mcaleenan-memorandum-support-motion-summary-judgment\">filing \u003c/a>this week in the U.S. District Court in Massachusetts, the lawyers asked the government to rule in their favor without a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s get one thing clear,” the ACLU said in a statement. “The government cannot use the pretext of the ‘border’ to make an end run around the Constitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has said its searches are necessary to protect the country. The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to an Associated Press request for comment; ICE and CBP said they would not comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was filed on behalf of 11 defendants, including a limousine driver, two journalists, and a NASA engineer. Ten of the plaintiffs are U.S. citizens, and one is a lawful permanent resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searches of international travelers’ electronic devices have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-updated-border-search-electronic-device-directive-and\">spiked \u003c/a>in recent years. According to the lawsuit, border officers searched the smartphones and laptops of more than 33,000 international travelers in 2018 — an increase of almost 400% from three years earlier. Those searches, the complaint says, violate the Fourth Amendment’s protections against unreasonable search and seizure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border searches of electronic devices intrude deeply on the private lives of all travelers and raise unique concerns for the journalists, lawyers, doctors, and others who carry particularly sensitive information about their news sources, clients, and patients,” the attorneys wrote. They argued that the warrantless searches “turn the border into a digital dragnet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2018-Jan/CBP-Directive-3340-049A-Border-Search-of-Electronic-Media-Compliant.pdf\">Customs and Border Protection policy\u003c/a> implemented in 2018 permits two kinds of searches: basic and advanced. In a basic search, an officer looks through an electronic device manually. In an advanced search, the officer connects external equipment to the device in order to review and sometimes copy its contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP policy allows basic searches without any suspicion of wrongdoing; advanced searches require a “reasonable suspicion of activity in violation of the laws enforced or administered by CBP” or a “national security concern.” U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has a similar policy permitting both basic and advanced searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a legal filing, the agencies said their searches were “a crucial tool for detecting evidence relating to terrorism and other national security matters” and “can also reveal information about financial and commercial crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those searches go far beyond what the Constitution allows, the ACLU lawsuit argues. “The government cannot use the border to circumvent the Constitution,” they wrote. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=ACLU%3A+Border+Agents+Violate+Constitution+When+They+Search+Electronic+Devices&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump is calling for his administration to restrict the asylum process, issuing \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-memorandum-additional-measures-enhance-border-security-restore-integrity-immigration-system/\">a presidential memorandum\u003c/a> that proposes charging asylum-seekers fees and other broad changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's proposals were widely criticized by Democrats and immigration advocates, who predicted a new legal battle over the president's policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeking asylum is a right under U.S. and international law — not a privilege to pay for,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepRaulGrijalva/status/1123309823905476610\">Rep. Raul Grijalva of Arizona\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Asylum-Seekers and Immigration Policy\" tag=\"asylum-seekers\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the memo, Trump said he is giving Attorney General William Barr and acting Homeland Security Secretary Kevin McAleenan 90 days to propose new regulations to speed up the processing of asylum claims, charge application fees for those seeking asylum, and to bar work authorization for certain applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issued Monday evening, the memo also calls on Homeland Security personnel to \"improve the integrity\" of credible fear determinations, and to prioritize the deportation of immigrants who have received final orders of removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump often mocks the asylum system, calling it a \"loophole\" that attracts immigrants to the U.S. This memo is the Trump administration's latest effort to make it harder for migrants to stay in the country, and it comes amid a spike in border crossings, including a large number of families seeking asylum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1123035192262823936\">derided\u003c/a> the current immigration laws as \"weak, ineffective and dangerous,\" but he has made little effort to work with Congress to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Trump's proposals, immigrants' rights advocates said they found the idea of charging asylum-seekers fees to process their applications to be particularly egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[T]he idea that we will charge asylum seekers a fee to seek refuge from persecution, torture, or death is offensive and counter to our values,\" the American Civil Liberties Union \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ACLU/status/1123274134170087424\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Immigration and Nationality Act already includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1158\">a provision\u003c/a> that permits the U.S. to impose fees on foreign nationals seeking asylum or work authorization.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>But critics say such fees may be impossible for many asylum-seekers to pay, unless financial waivers are granted liberally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Crow, senior supervising attorney at the Southern Poverty Law Center, says the memorandum is another in a string of the Trump administration's attacks on vulnerable asylum-seekers. \"We've seen it over and over again, from turning away asylum-seekers at ports of entry, to trying to make those who enter between ports of entry ineligible for asylum, and most recently until now, sending asylum-seekers back to Mexico to wait for their court hearings,\" she says. \"The Trump administration has had their hand slapped numerous times by the courts, and I suspect that this time will be no different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's too soon to tell exactly how the proposed measures would play out for asylum-seekers, because the actual regulations have yet to be written by the attorney general and DHS. But Crow says one of her concerns is that the proposed changes could prevent migrants from applying for different types of relief for which they may be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When migrants come to the U.S. border and express a desire to apply for asylum, the first step is often the credible-fear interview, in which they must convince an asylum officer that they have a credible fear of returning home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Migration and Central America\" tag=\"central-america\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they make it over that hurdle, they can apply for any type of relief that's available to them. For instance, people who were trafficked can apply for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/victims-human-trafficking-other-crimes\">T visa\u003c/a>, and young people who have been abused, abandoned or neglected by a parent may apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/sij\">special immigrant juvenile status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the proposed changes, Crow worries people may only be referred for asylum or withholding of removal proceedings — categories that have different standards and which aren't available to some people, including those who have previously been deported and then unlawfully reentered the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it released Trump's memo, the White House included \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-working-stop-abuse-asylum-system-address-root-causes-border-crisis/\">a sheet of statistics and arguments\u003c/a> to bolster its case. \"Our immigration system has reached a breaking point as we continue to see an overwhelming surge of migrants, with more than 100,000 arriving at our border in March alone,\" it states. \"As a result of loopholes in United States immigration law, migrants claiming fear are often released into communities across the United States, where they often remain indefinitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo also proposes regulations to require nearly all asylum applications to be decided in immigration court within 180 days of filing, not including appeals. U.S. immigration courts are notoriously backlogged, and it's not clear whether the proposed changes would also provide additional resources as they aim to speed up the courts' work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final language of the proposed regulations, they are likely to be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crow says she sees an irony in the administration's latest moves to crack down on asylum-seekers, noting that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/709089322/u-s-decision-to-cut-central-american-aid-could-worsen-migrant-crisis-experts-say\">the U.S. has recently cut off aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras\u003c/a> — a move that's unlikely to improve the quality of life in countries that are among the biggest producers of people seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when people in those countries seek a better life, Crow says, \"we're making it even more difficult for them to reach safety once they flee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith contributed to this report.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Calls+For+Asylum-Seekers+To+Pay+Fees%2C+Proposing+New+Restrictions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Crow, senior supervising attorney at the Southern Poverty Law Center, says the memorandum is another in a string of the Trump administration's attacks on vulnerable asylum-seekers. \"We've seen it over and over again, from turning away asylum-seekers at ports of entry, to trying to make those who enter between ports of entry ineligible for asylum, and most recently until now, sending asylum-seekers back to Mexico to wait for their court hearings,\" she says. \"The Trump administration has had their hand slapped numerous times by the courts, and I suspect that this time will be no different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's too soon to tell exactly how the proposed measures would play out for asylum-seekers, because the actual regulations have yet to be written by the attorney general and DHS. But Crow says one of her concerns is that the proposed changes could prevent migrants from applying for different types of relief for which they may be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When migrants come to the U.S. border and express a desire to apply for asylum, the first step is often the credible-fear interview, in which they must convince an asylum officer that they have a credible fear of returning home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they make it over that hurdle, they can apply for any type of relief that's available to them. For instance, people who were trafficked can apply for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/victims-human-trafficking-other-crimes\">T visa\u003c/a>, and young people who have been abused, abandoned or neglected by a parent may apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/sij\">special immigrant juvenile status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the proposed changes, Crow worries people may only be referred for asylum or withholding of removal proceedings — categories that have different standards and which aren't available to some people, including those who have previously been deported and then unlawfully reentered the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it released Trump's memo, the White House included \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-working-stop-abuse-asylum-system-address-root-causes-border-crisis/\">a sheet of statistics and arguments\u003c/a> to bolster its case. \"Our immigration system has reached a breaking point as we continue to see an overwhelming surge of migrants, with more than 100,000 arriving at our border in March alone,\" it states. \"As a result of loopholes in United States immigration law, migrants claiming fear are often released into communities across the United States, where they often remain indefinitely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo also proposes regulations to require nearly all asylum applications to be decided in immigration court within 180 days of filing, not including appeals. U.S. immigration courts are notoriously backlogged, and it's not clear whether the proposed changes would also provide additional resources as they aim to speed up the courts' work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final language of the proposed regulations, they are likely to be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crow says she sees an irony in the administration's latest moves to crack down on asylum-seekers, noting that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/709089322/u-s-decision-to-cut-central-american-aid-could-worsen-migrant-crisis-experts-say\">the U.S. has recently cut off aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras\u003c/a> — a move that's unlikely to improve the quality of life in countries that are among the biggest producers of people seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when people in those countries seek a better life, Crow says, \"we're making it even more difficult for them to reach safety once they flee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith contributed to this report.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Calls+For+Asylum-Seekers+To+Pay+Fees%2C+Proposing+New+Restrictions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the summer of his junior year, Luis Miguel was struggling to stay in high school. He and his family of four – who work various agricultural jobs from picking blueberries and cherries to pruning grapes and canning tomatoes – live in one of California’s 24 \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacooperativa.org/office-of-migrant-services-and-temporary-migrant-family-housing-centers/\">migrant family housing centers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/ebrahimibazaz\">documentary filmmaker\u003c/a>, I have been studying these housing centers and the rhythms of life for families who reside in them since I first arrived in a center in 2014 during fieldwork \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/203999075\">for an oral history project \u003c/a>with former \u003ca href=\"https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/mexican-labor-and-world-war-ii-the-bracero-program\">\u003cem>bracero\u003c/em> \u003c/a>farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked in the shadows of county jails and water treatment plants, these centers provide tile-floored apartments at subsidized rents to migratory farmworkers and their families during peak harvest season. The centers house as many as 1,890 farmworking families, mostly from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given \u003ca href=\"https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/california-affordable-housing-crisis/\">California’s affordable housing shortage\u003c/a>, these housing centers are a coveted option for farmworking families. Outside the housing centers, migrant farmworkers might reside in less-favorable conditions – sleeping in cars, garages, old motels or under tarps in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the centers resolve the affordable housing problem, they create another: second-class citizenship. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State-mandated annual move\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A 2016 survey of the housing centers noted that \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/431/Families_Numbers_Housing_Centers.pdf?1546352412\">more than half\u003c/a> the families residing in centers across the state – 1,037 families to be exact – have school-aged children, many of whom, like Luis Miguel’s sister, are natural-born U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late fall or early winter when harvest season ends, families must vacate their apartments and move at least 50 miles away for three to six months. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-no-funding/docs/OMS_REGULATIONS_2018.pdf\">rationale behind this rule\u003c/a> is to ensure that the housing serves families who are truly migratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most families cannot afford unsubsidized housing in California and thus spend the off-season months in their Mexican hometowns. While in Mexico, the youth either miss school or attend inconsistently. “It all depends where the students live,” Migrant Education Program counselor Laura Aguayo says. “Some students don’t have a chance because they live too far away from a school. Others can’t go because the schools don’t take them in.” This is because they will only be enrolled for a couple of months before they return to the U.S., she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that each year, school-aged children living with their families in California’s migrant family housing centers, many of whom are U.S. citizens, miss between three to six months of schooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/file-20190425-121245-13e809i-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743302\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A housing center or migrant farmworker families in Merced County, California. \u003ccite>(Housing Authoirty, County of Merced)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Moving makes things complicated’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Migrant education counselors, administrators and teachers try to help migrant students make up whatever academic credits they’re missing. But “moving makes things complicated,” says Luis Miguel. “We lose a lot of time, and it’s hard to concentrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summer of his junior year, Luis Miguel got so discouraged by the routine of moves and having to make up credits that he lost motivation and began to veer off the path to graduation. To help students like Luis Miguel make up credits, California has developed an online program called \u003ca href=\"http://cyberhigh.org/\">Cyber High\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cyber High has its own issues. “There are a lot of internet problems,” Aguayo explains. “All the schools in California are using Cyber High so the system slows down. Students can be taking a test and it kicks them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of annual migration on student achievement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The move also makes it hard for students to succeed in the kinds of extracurricular activities that can make students more attractive to colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in high school, Luis Miguel had joined cross-country to work with the coach, Rick Cuevas, who is himself Mexican-born and the child of a farmworker. Coach Cuevas understands the students better than almost anyone, calls them “mihija” or “mihijo,” Spanish terms for “my daughter” or “my son,” respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Running changed my life,” Luis Miguel says. “Before running, I never thought about my future. And now that I run, I take things more seriously.” But he ruminates on losing his conditioning. “I wanted to be the best, but moving makes it complicated because I can’t go to all the practices,” Luis Miguel adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271108/original/file-20190425-121224-1s741nd.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271108/original/file-20190425-121224-1s741nd.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Luis Miguel takes a break during a cross-country practice.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard to see how missing a few months of school each year disadvantages students. The Modesto Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/local/education/article216269545.html\">reports\u003c/a> 74% of migrant students “were not meeting English language standards and 80% were not up to par in math” in the 2016-17 academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent interviews across migrant family housing centers also speak to the impact of the moves. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/452/HA_Data_Tables_MFCE_FINAL_for_11-5-14.pdf?1548041981\">in a 2014 survey\u003c/a> of migrant farmworkers conducted at Buena Vista, Ochoa, Parlier and Williams migrant housing centers by the advocacy group Human Agenda, 91.4% of farmworkers answered “yes” to “Does the 50-mile rule affect your children’s education?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What gets farmworkers out of bed in the morning, six days a week at 5 a.m. to work in the fields for 10 hours a day is the dream that their children will have a better life,” Ann López of the Center for Farmworker Families says. “But the 50-mile regulation impedes that possibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López is a leading member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanagenda.net/campaigns/apoyo-campesino\">Apoyo Campesino\u003c/a>, a collective within Human Agenda comprised of researchers, lawyers and organizers who have for years advocated to end the 50-mile regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group’s efforts got the ear of the California legislature, and in June 2018, then-Gov. Jerry Brown signed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB850&search_keywords=50-mile\">provision\u003c/a> in the state budget exempting up to 50% of the farmworking families living in each center from the 50-mile regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this new provision, families must still vacate their apartments each year and search for short-term affordable housing. But “immediate family members of the migratory agricultural worker” are exempted from the 50-mile rule. This means that Luis Miguel and his family will continue to be required to move out of the housing center annually, but he and his sister can stay within their school districts with one parent, while the other parent must live at least 50 miles away for three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Crafting a sense of belonging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, driving Luis Miguel to graduation rehearsal, I asked him how he got out of that junior year funk. Without hesitation, he smiled and said, “Coach Cuevas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271109/original/file-20190425-121216-v11206.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271109/original/file-20190425-121216-v11206.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Coach Rich Cuevas often drives students home to the migrant family housing centers after practice on days their parents work long hours in the fields.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luis Miguel now studies at Modesto Community College, though he’s had to stop running so he can focus on his studies. He continues to live at one of the housing centers with his family during the harvest season. This year, thanks to the new regulations, he and his sister are spending the off-season in an RV in the backyard of an extended family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Miguel’s story demonstrates that despite their many challenges, some students living in these housing centers are graduating from high schools and even colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such successes can be made easier when housing authorities foster partnerships with local schools. The high school that Luis Miguel attended, East Union in Manteca Unified School District, for example, accommodates the migration schedules of students by offering an earlier final exam in December. According to the school, in the 2016-17 academic year, 100 percent of migrant students graduated. While such institutional supports have a positive impact, East Union President Raul Mora, who himself is Chicano, worries they might also send an unhealthy message to students that “they don’t quite fit the mold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Mora, nurturing achievement among migrant students requires fostering a sense of belonging. Since starting as principal at East Union in 2015, Mora has placed at least one Spanish-speaking administrator in each of the school’s three main offices. “It’s about creating a belief system and a culture,” Mora says. “It’s making sure that when the students come back and see our registrar, that she welcomes them in their language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts at cultural sensitivity and holistic education, students in migratory conditions are still called “camp kids” or terms even more derogatory by their peers – potentially fueling the belief that they don’t belong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inside a two-bedroom apartment at the migrant family housing center, Luis Miguel and two friends craft their own sense of belonging. Together, they formed a hip-hop trio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmeEEam4bNB__l74VQTFwTg\">95231 Productions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271104/original/file-20190425-121216-13j2wfq.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271104/original/file-20190425-121216-13j2wfq.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Luis Miguel and 95231 Productions record in a room in a migrant family housing center apartment.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The group reflects on their experiences growing up as the children of farmworking parents, their struggles against racism, and their work to craft an identity that reflects their heritage. In a page in his lyrics notebook, the front cover adorned with a colorful \u003cem>calavera\u003c/em>, Luis Miguel writes: “Soy de piel moreno. Orgulloso Mexicano, y brown pride de corazon, y en el corazon llevo al inmigrante trabajador” – “I am Brown, proud Mexicano, brown pride of the heart, and in my heart I carry the immigrant laborer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. -->\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/100793/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important;margin: 0 !important;max-height: 1px !important;max-width: 1px !important;min-height: 1px !important;min-width: 1px !important;padding: 0 !important\">\u003c!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/aggie-ebrahimi-bazaz-497596\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/a>, Assistant Professor of Film, Media, & Theatre, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/georgia-state-university-957\">Georgia State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/missing-school-is-a-given-for-children-of-migrant-farmworkers-100793\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the summer of his junior year, Luis Miguel was struggling to stay in high school. He and his family of four – who work various agricultural jobs from picking blueberries and cherries to pruning grapes and canning tomatoes – live in one of California’s 24 \u003ca href=\"http://www.lacooperativa.org/office-of-migrant-services-and-temporary-migrant-family-housing-centers/\">migrant family housing centers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/ebrahimibazaz\">documentary filmmaker\u003c/a>, I have been studying these housing centers and the rhythms of life for families who reside in them since I first arrived in a center in 2014 during fieldwork \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/203999075\">for an oral history project \u003c/a>with former \u003ca href=\"https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/mexican-labor-and-world-war-ii-the-bracero-program\">\u003cem>bracero\u003c/em> \u003c/a>farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked in the shadows of county jails and water treatment plants, these centers provide tile-floored apartments at subsidized rents to migratory farmworkers and their families during peak harvest season. The centers house as many as 1,890 farmworking families, mostly from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given \u003ca href=\"https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/california-affordable-housing-crisis/\">California’s affordable housing shortage\u003c/a>, these housing centers are a coveted option for farmworking families. Outside the housing centers, migrant farmworkers might reside in less-favorable conditions – sleeping in cars, garages, old motels or under tarps in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the centers resolve the affordable housing problem, they create another: second-class citizenship. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State-mandated annual move\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A 2016 survey of the housing centers noted that \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/431/Families_Numbers_Housing_Centers.pdf?1546352412\">more than half\u003c/a> the families residing in centers across the state – 1,037 families to be exact – have school-aged children, many of whom, like Luis Miguel’s sister, are natural-born U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late fall or early winter when harvest season ends, families must vacate their apartments and move at least 50 miles away for three to six months. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-no-funding/docs/OMS_REGULATIONS_2018.pdf\">rationale behind this rule\u003c/a> is to ensure that the housing serves families who are truly migratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most families cannot afford unsubsidized housing in California and thus spend the off-season months in their Mexican hometowns. While in Mexico, the youth either miss school or attend inconsistently. “It all depends where the students live,” Migrant Education Program counselor Laura Aguayo says. “Some students don’t have a chance because they live too far away from a school. Others can’t go because the schools don’t take them in.” This is because they will only be enrolled for a couple of months before they return to the U.S., she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that each year, school-aged children living with their families in California’s migrant family housing centers, many of whom are U.S. citizens, miss between three to six months of schooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/file-20190425-121245-13e809i-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743302\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A housing center or migrant farmworker families in Merced County, California. \u003ccite>(Housing Authoirty, County of Merced)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Moving makes things complicated’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Migrant education counselors, administrators and teachers try to help migrant students make up whatever academic credits they’re missing. But “moving makes things complicated,” says Luis Miguel. “We lose a lot of time, and it’s hard to concentrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summer of his junior year, Luis Miguel got so discouraged by the routine of moves and having to make up credits that he lost motivation and began to veer off the path to graduation. To help students like Luis Miguel make up credits, California has developed an online program called \u003ca href=\"http://cyberhigh.org/\">Cyber High\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cyber High has its own issues. “There are a lot of internet problems,” Aguayo explains. “All the schools in California are using Cyber High so the system slows down. Students can be taking a test and it kicks them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of annual migration on student achievement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The move also makes it hard for students to succeed in the kinds of extracurricular activities that can make students more attractive to colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in high school, Luis Miguel had joined cross-country to work with the coach, Rick Cuevas, who is himself Mexican-born and the child of a farmworker. Coach Cuevas understands the students better than almost anyone, calls them “mihija” or “mihijo,” Spanish terms for “my daughter” or “my son,” respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Running changed my life,” Luis Miguel says. “Before running, I never thought about my future. And now that I run, I take things more seriously.” But he ruminates on losing his conditioning. “I wanted to be the best, but moving makes it complicated because I can’t go to all the practices,” Luis Miguel adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271108/original/file-20190425-121224-1s741nd.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271108/original/file-20190425-121224-1s741nd.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Luis Miguel takes a break during a cross-country practice.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard to see how missing a few months of school each year disadvantages students. The Modesto Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/local/education/article216269545.html\">reports\u003c/a> 74% of migrant students “were not meeting English language standards and 80% were not up to par in math” in the 2016-17 academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent interviews across migrant family housing centers also speak to the impact of the moves. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/452/HA_Data_Tables_MFCE_FINAL_for_11-5-14.pdf?1548041981\">in a 2014 survey\u003c/a> of migrant farmworkers conducted at Buena Vista, Ochoa, Parlier and Williams migrant housing centers by the advocacy group Human Agenda, 91.4% of farmworkers answered “yes” to “Does the 50-mile rule affect your children’s education?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What gets farmworkers out of bed in the morning, six days a week at 5 a.m. to work in the fields for 10 hours a day is the dream that their children will have a better life,” Ann López of the Center for Farmworker Families says. “But the 50-mile regulation impedes that possibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López is a leading member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanagenda.net/campaigns/apoyo-campesino\">Apoyo Campesino\u003c/a>, a collective within Human Agenda comprised of researchers, lawyers and organizers who have for years advocated to end the 50-mile regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group’s efforts got the ear of the California legislature, and in June 2018, then-Gov. Jerry Brown signed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB850&search_keywords=50-mile\">provision\u003c/a> in the state budget exempting up to 50% of the farmworking families living in each center from the 50-mile regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this new provision, families must still vacate their apartments each year and search for short-term affordable housing. But “immediate family members of the migratory agricultural worker” are exempted from the 50-mile rule. This means that Luis Miguel and his family will continue to be required to move out of the housing center annually, but he and his sister can stay within their school districts with one parent, while the other parent must live at least 50 miles away for three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Crafting a sense of belonging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, driving Luis Miguel to graduation rehearsal, I asked him how he got out of that junior year funk. Without hesitation, he smiled and said, “Coach Cuevas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271109/original/file-20190425-121216-v11206.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271109/original/file-20190425-121216-v11206.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Coach Rich Cuevas often drives students home to the migrant family housing centers after practice on days their parents work long hours in the fields.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luis Miguel now studies at Modesto Community College, though he’s had to stop running so he can focus on his studies. He continues to live at one of the housing centers with his family during the harvest season. This year, thanks to the new regulations, he and his sister are spending the off-season in an RV in the backyard of an extended family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Miguel’s story demonstrates that despite their many challenges, some students living in these housing centers are graduating from high schools and even colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such successes can be made easier when housing authorities foster partnerships with local schools. The high school that Luis Miguel attended, East Union in Manteca Unified School District, for example, accommodates the migration schedules of students by offering an earlier final exam in December. According to the school, in the 2016-17 academic year, 100 percent of migrant students graduated. While such institutional supports have a positive impact, East Union President Raul Mora, who himself is Chicano, worries they might also send an unhealthy message to students that “they don’t quite fit the mold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Mora, nurturing achievement among migrant students requires fostering a sense of belonging. Since starting as principal at East Union in 2015, Mora has placed at least one Spanish-speaking administrator in each of the school’s three main offices. “It’s about creating a belief system and a culture,” Mora says. “It’s making sure that when the students come back and see our registrar, that she welcomes them in their language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts at cultural sensitivity and holistic education, students in migratory conditions are still called “camp kids” or terms even more derogatory by their peers – potentially fueling the belief that they don’t belong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inside a two-bedroom apartment at the migrant family housing center, Luis Miguel and two friends craft their own sense of belonging. Together, they formed a hip-hop trio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmeEEam4bNB__l74VQTFwTg\">95231 Productions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n \u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271104/original/file-20190425-121216-13j2wfq.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/271104/original/file-20190425-121216-13j2wfq.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption>\n \u003cspan class=\"caption\">Luis Miguel and 95231 Productions record in a room in a migrant family housing center apartment.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003cspan class=\"attribution\">\u003cspan class=\"source\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/span>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The group reflects on their experiences growing up as the children of farmworking parents, their struggles against racism, and their work to craft an identity that reflects their heritage. In a page in his lyrics notebook, the front cover adorned with a colorful \u003cem>calavera\u003c/em>, Luis Miguel writes: “Soy de piel moreno. Orgulloso Mexicano, y brown pride de corazon, y en el corazon llevo al inmigrante trabajador” – “I am Brown, proud Mexicano, brown pride of the heart, and in my heart I carry the immigrant laborer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. -->\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/100793/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important;margin: 0 !important;max-height: 1px !important;max-width: 1px !important;min-height: 1px !important;min-width: 1px !important;padding: 0 !important\">\u003c!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/aggie-ebrahimi-bazaz-497596\">Aggie Ebrahimi Bazaz\u003c/a>, Assistant Professor of Film, Media, & Theatre, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/georgia-state-university-957\">Georgia State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/missing-school-is-a-given-for-children-of-migrant-farmworkers-100793\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Mom Leads Charge to Help Central American Minors Join Parents in U.S.",
"title": "Bay Area Mom Leads Charge to Help Central American Minors Join Parents in U.S.",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of children and young adults living in often dangerous conditions in Central America may be able to join their parents in the U.S. after the federal government agreed to a court settlement in San Francisco this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their immigration cases had been stalled since 2017, when the Trump administration phased out an Obama-era program that offered humanitarian protections to minors in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. But now immigration officials are moving to reopen the cases of approximately 2,700 people covered in the lawsuit, \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Class-Action-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S.A. v. Trump\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are thrilled. This is a huge victory,” said Kate Meyer, an attorney with the International Refugee Assistance Project who represents the 13 plaintiffs in the U.S. and Central America who filed suit last summer. “Our clients finally have some hope that they'll be able to reunite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Santos, the Bay Area woman leading the lawsuit\"]'I felt cold, like all our dreams were thrown in the trash.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration ended the Central American Minors Parole Program as part of a broader effort to restrict the number of refugees admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of young people who were on the verge of travel to the United States were suddenly turned down. Immigration officials had conditionally approved them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/use-parole-under-immigration-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parole\u003c/a>, pending routine medical exams and background checks, said Meyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only cases with urgent humanitarian or public benefit reasons are granted parole, which allows noncitizens to temporarily stay in the U.S., and apply for work authorization and asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 53-year-old Bay Area woman leading the lawsuit, Santos, said government officials instructed her to pay for her daughter and young grandson’s plane tickets. (KQED is not using Santos’ last name because her relatives fear gang members in El Salvador).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter had already packed her bags, Santos added, when they learned they couldn’t legally move to the U.S. after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt cold, like all our dreams were thrown in the trash,” said Santos, who lives in the East Bay and has worked for the same hair salon for 12 years. “It was very difficult. We cried a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government later refunded Santos nearly $3,000 for the tickets, she said, but not additional expenses in her two-year application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/CAM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CAM program\u003c/a>, vulnerable people under age 21 whose parents are lawfully residing in the U.S. could be processed in their home countries for refugee or parole status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration started the CAM program in 2014, as one way to try to reduce a huge surge of minors fleeing Central America on their own trying to reach relatives in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy aimed “to provide a safe, legal, and orderly alternative to the dangerous journey that some children are currently undertaking to the United States,” according to a 2014 U.S. Department of State \u003ca href=\"https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2014/234067.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fact sheet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a great program in theory. On the ground, though, it operated very slowly and the numbers that ended up qualifying were quite small,” said Sarah Pierce, an attorney with the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 13,000 people applied, but only about 3,000 cases were admitted to the U.S. through the program, according to the legal complaint filed on behalf of Santos and the other plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Migration and Family Separation\" tag=\"family-separation\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pierce said the shutdown of this program — for people to be processed in their home countries — contributes to the wave of Central American families and unaccompanied minors arriving at the U.S. border to ask for humanitarian protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras wants to apply for asylum in the United States, they need to travel to the U.S. border,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials say the agency’s capacity is overwhelmed by the number of children in family units or traveling on their own in their custody, which they call “an unprecedented \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739297/border-delays-grow-as-customs-officers-shift-to-handle-surge-in-migrant-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">humanitarian and security crisis\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Border Patrol agents apprehended nearly 9,000 unaccompanied minors and 53,000 migrants in family groups — more than any month since the government began tracking children traveling with parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people living in Central America have other avenues to pursue humanitarian protections in the U.S., such as through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, experts say that, practically speaking, those rarely succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Santos and other parents sued to restart their children’s applications, immigration officials told the federal court last week that the earliest they could issue travel documents is late October. They will need to collect medical examinations and background checks in each case that is still eligible, and reopen facilities and contracts that had been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman with U.S. Immigration and Citizenship Services declined to comment on the settlement or plans to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plaintiff attorney Daniel Asimow said the new government timeline is not fast enough for the 2,700 minors covered in the lawsuit who are still facing danger in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government does face some challenges, and we are sympathetic to that,” said Asimow, whose law firm is based in San Francisco. “However, we think there are some steps that potentially could be expedited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Asimow said only five doctors in El Salvador were approved to conduct the necessary medical exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we are going to talk to the government to see if there’s any way to get more doctors on contract to speed up those steps,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos, sitting on a couch in her immaculate apartment, said she feels hopeful once again that she and her family will reunite in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that this time, we’ll be able to be together soon,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of children and young adults living in often dangerous conditions in Central America may be able to join their parents in the U.S. after the federal government agreed to a court settlement in San Francisco this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their immigration cases had been stalled since 2017, when the Trump administration phased out an Obama-era program that offered humanitarian protections to minors in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. But now immigration officials are moving to reopen the cases of approximately 2,700 people covered in the lawsuit, \u003ca href=\"https://refugeerights.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Class-Action-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S.A. v. Trump\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are thrilled. This is a huge victory,” said Kate Meyer, an attorney with the International Refugee Assistance Project who represents the 13 plaintiffs in the U.S. and Central America who filed suit last summer. “Our clients finally have some hope that they'll be able to reunite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration ended the Central American Minors Parole Program as part of a broader effort to restrict the number of refugees admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of young people who were on the verge of travel to the United States were suddenly turned down. Immigration officials had conditionally approved them for \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/use-parole-under-immigration-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parole\u003c/a>, pending routine medical exams and background checks, said Meyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only cases with urgent humanitarian or public benefit reasons are granted parole, which allows noncitizens to temporarily stay in the U.S., and apply for work authorization and asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 53-year-old Bay Area woman leading the lawsuit, Santos, said government officials instructed her to pay for her daughter and young grandson’s plane tickets. (KQED is not using Santos’ last name because her relatives fear gang members in El Salvador).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter had already packed her bags, Santos added, when they learned they couldn’t legally move to the U.S. after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt cold, like all our dreams were thrown in the trash,” said Santos, who lives in the East Bay and has worked for the same hair salon for 12 years. “It was very difficult. We cried a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government later refunded Santos nearly $3,000 for the tickets, she said, but not additional expenses in her two-year application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/CAM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CAM program\u003c/a>, vulnerable people under age 21 whose parents are lawfully residing in the U.S. could be processed in their home countries for refugee or parole status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration started the CAM program in 2014, as one way to try to reduce a huge surge of minors fleeing Central America on their own trying to reach relatives in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy aimed “to provide a safe, legal, and orderly alternative to the dangerous journey that some children are currently undertaking to the United States,” according to a 2014 U.S. Department of State \u003ca href=\"https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2014/234067.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fact sheet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a great program in theory. On the ground, though, it operated very slowly and the numbers that ended up qualifying were quite small,” said Sarah Pierce, an attorney with the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 13,000 people applied, but only about 3,000 cases were admitted to the U.S. through the program, according to the legal complaint filed on behalf of Santos and the other plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Pierce said the shutdown of this program — for people to be processed in their home countries — contributes to the wave of Central American families and unaccompanied minors arriving at the U.S. border to ask for humanitarian protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras wants to apply for asylum in the United States, they need to travel to the U.S. border,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials say the agency’s capacity is overwhelmed by the number of children in family units or traveling on their own in their custody, which they call “an unprecedented \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739297/border-delays-grow-as-customs-officers-shift-to-handle-surge-in-migrant-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">humanitarian and security crisis\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Border Patrol agents apprehended nearly 9,000 unaccompanied minors and 53,000 migrants in family groups — more than any month since the government began tracking children traveling with parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people living in Central America have other avenues to pursue humanitarian protections in the U.S., such as through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, experts say that, practically speaking, those rarely succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Santos and other parents sued to restart their children’s applications, immigration officials told the federal court last week that the earliest they could issue travel documents is late October. They will need to collect medical examinations and background checks in each case that is still eligible, and reopen facilities and contracts that had been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman with U.S. Immigration and Citizenship Services declined to comment on the settlement or plans to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plaintiff attorney Daniel Asimow said the new government timeline is not fast enough for the 2,700 minors covered in the lawsuit who are still facing danger in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government does face some challenges, and we are sympathetic to that,” said Asimow, whose law firm is based in San Francisco. “However, we think there are some steps that potentially could be expedited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Asimow said only five doctors in El Salvador were approved to conduct the necessary medical exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we are going to talk to the government to see if there’s any way to get more doctors on contract to speed up those steps,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos, sitting on a couch in her immaculate apartment, said she feels hopeful once again that she and her family will reunite in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that this time, we’ll be able to be together soon,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge Orders Trump Administration to Identify Thousands More Separated Migrant Families",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in San Diego ordered the Trump administration on Thursday to find possibly thousands more migrant children who were separated from parents at the border. After those separations, immigration officials sometimes lost track of exactly where those children went, and to whom they were related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing Thursday, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw told officials he was confident they would be able to identify all of the children to the court by Oct. 25, 2019.[aside tag=\"family-separation\" label=\"Family Separation at the Southern Border\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important for all government actors to have a time frame and a deadline,” Sabraw said. “I intend to stand on it unless you indicate otherwise and articulate reasons that demonstrate good cause for an extension.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cmdr. Jonathan White, with the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, will lead the government’s effort. The agency is responsible for caring for migrant children in U.S. custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appearing in person to explain the plan, White told the judge, “We’re going to go as fast as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you do as you say,” Sabraw later said to White, “to get this done right as quickly as humanly possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw had rejected the government’s initial plan to track down those children \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738369/federal-government-wants-2-years-to-idenitfy-migrant-kids-separated-from-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over several years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Officials to Scour Thousands of Migrant Kids' Records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials plan to review the cases of some 47,000 migrant kids who passed through government shelters from July 1, 2017, to June 25, 2018. On the next day, June 26, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11736258/trump-administration-to-identify-thousands-more-families-separated-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sabraw issued a temporary injunction\u003c/a> against family separation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That order compelled officials to identify any children still in U.S. custody who could be reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials then determined that 2,814 children were taken from parents at the border. As a result of the judge's order, the majority of children were reunited with their parents. However, nearly 600 were released to other relatives or sponsors, and 45 children remain in government-run shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in January 2019, the inspector general for Health and Human Services reported that thousands more children were separated from their families before the judge’s order, and fell outside the accounting required by the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723069/u-s-official-defends-efforts-to-reunite-migrant-children-with-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided to include the parents of these additional children\u003c/a> as plaintiffs in the class-action lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union to end family separations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't believe there's anybody who knows how many children will be in the expanded class,” White told Sabraw. “I think if we knew that, all of us would probably have an easier time today.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Judge Orders All Parents to Be Contacted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt thinks at a minimum parents need to be contacted and asked whether they want to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be easy,” Gelernt said after the San Diego hearing. “These families were separated 10 months ago. We may not have the most recent contact information from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White, who is in charge of identifying the children, said he's received new data from Customs and Border Protection and the Office of Refugee Resettlement. He estimated that his team would identify between 500 to 1,000 children within weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best available solution to achieve a rigorous accounting as quickly as possible,” White said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw made it clear that the government must provide the names of all children who were separated from their parents, “including parents with criminal history or communicable disease or that may be in custody,” even if the government ultimately decides that such parents pose a danger to their children and are not eligible to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents of 15 of the 2,814 children identified earlier were found unfit to be reunified. A handful of parents have challenged that denial in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge ordered the government to provide progress reports every three weeks, and set the next hearing on the matter for May 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in San Diego ordered the Trump administration on Thursday to find possibly thousands more migrant children who were separated from parents at the border. After those separations, immigration officials sometimes lost track of exactly where those children went, and to whom they were related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing Thursday, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw told officials he was confident they would be able to identify all of the children to the court by Oct. 25, 2019.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important for all government actors to have a time frame and a deadline,” Sabraw said. “I intend to stand on it unless you indicate otherwise and articulate reasons that demonstrate good cause for an extension.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cmdr. Jonathan White, with the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, will lead the government’s effort. The agency is responsible for caring for migrant children in U.S. custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appearing in person to explain the plan, White told the judge, “We’re going to go as fast as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you do as you say,” Sabraw later said to White, “to get this done right as quickly as humanly possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw had rejected the government’s initial plan to track down those children \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738369/federal-government-wants-2-years-to-idenitfy-migrant-kids-separated-from-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over several years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Officials to Scour Thousands of Migrant Kids' Records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials plan to review the cases of some 47,000 migrant kids who passed through government shelters from July 1, 2017, to June 25, 2018. On the next day, June 26, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11736258/trump-administration-to-identify-thousands-more-families-separated-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sabraw issued a temporary injunction\u003c/a> against family separation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That order compelled officials to identify any children still in U.S. custody who could be reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials then determined that 2,814 children were taken from parents at the border. As a result of the judge's order, the majority of children were reunited with their parents. However, nearly 600 were released to other relatives or sponsors, and 45 children remain in government-run shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in January 2019, the inspector general for Health and Human Services reported that thousands more children were separated from their families before the judge’s order, and fell outside the accounting required by the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723069/u-s-official-defends-efforts-to-reunite-migrant-children-with-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided to include the parents of these additional children\u003c/a> as plaintiffs in the class-action lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union to end family separations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't believe there's anybody who knows how many children will be in the expanded class,” White told Sabraw. “I think if we knew that, all of us would probably have an easier time today.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Judge Orders All Parents to Be Contacted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt thinks at a minimum parents need to be contacted and asked whether they want to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be easy,” Gelernt said after the San Diego hearing. “These families were separated 10 months ago. We may not have the most recent contact information from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White, who is in charge of identifying the children, said he's received new data from Customs and Border Protection and the Office of Refugee Resettlement. He estimated that his team would identify between 500 to 1,000 children within weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best available solution to achieve a rigorous accounting as quickly as possible,” White said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw made it clear that the government must provide the names of all children who were separated from their parents, “including parents with criminal history or communicable disease or that may be in custody,” even if the government ultimately decides that such parents pose a danger to their children and are not eligible to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents of 15 of the 2,814 children identified earlier were found unfit to be reunified. A handful of parents have challenged that denial in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge ordered the government to provide progress reports every three weeks, and set the next hearing on the matter for May 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Census Fears Dominate Latino Summit",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Latinos Debate Next Steps in 2020 Citizenship Question Fight\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fears of a citizenship question on the 2020 Census dominated debate at the California Latino Policy Summit in Sacramento Wednesday, a day after a hearing left the impression that the U.S. Supreme Court could approve this key item on President Trump's agenda.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742525/california-lawmakers-consider-crackdown-on-fake-medical-exemptions-for-vaccines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Lawmakers Debate Over Proposed Vaccine Bill\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers launched debate on a new bill Wednesday targeting doctors who write fraudulent medical notes to excuse children from getting vaccinations required to enter school. The bill passed its first hurdle at the same time the number of measles cases in the state climbed past 30.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742795/some-californian-voters-are-open-to-reforming-prop-13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Some Californian Voters Are Open to Reforming Prop 13\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A new poll out today shows Californians now support changes to Prop 13, the landmark measure that has kept property taxes low for the last 40 years. But it’s also left local governments and schools strapped for cash.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Vanessa Rancaño, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Banning a Nevada Institution: Brothels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal, licensed brothels are only allowed in certain rural counties in Nevada. A federal lawsuit from a political group here places them under threat of being banned statewide.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Bree Zender, KUNR\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11740591/skiing-for-all-at-tahoe-resort-disability-is-no-barrier-to-the-slopes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skiing For All\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A ski school in Lake Tahoe works with people living with a range of disabilities who might have counted themselves out of the sport.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tahoe Study Shows Vacation Rentals Could Help Boost Local Economy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We hear a lot about the so-called \"Air BnB Effect\" impacting housing in California. But a recent study in Tahoe reveals there’s more nuance to the issue than people first realized.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Amy Westervelt, Freelance \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "Latinos Debate Next Steps in 2020 Citizenship Question Fight Fears of a citizenship question on the 2020 Census dominated debate at the California Latino Policy Summit in Sacramento Wednesday, a day after a hearing left the impression that the U.S. Supreme Court could approve this key item on President Trump's agenda. Reporter: Katie Orr, KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Latinos Debate Next Steps in 2020 Citizenship Question Fight\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fears of a citizenship question on the 2020 Census dominated debate at the California Latino Policy Summit in Sacramento Wednesday, a day after a hearing left the impression that the U.S. Supreme Court could approve this key item on President Trump's agenda.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742525/california-lawmakers-consider-crackdown-on-fake-medical-exemptions-for-vaccines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Lawmakers Debate Over Proposed Vaccine Bill\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers launched debate on a new bill Wednesday targeting doctors who write fraudulent medical notes to excuse children from getting vaccinations required to enter school. The bill passed its first hurdle at the same time the number of measles cases in the state climbed past 30.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742795/some-californian-voters-are-open-to-reforming-prop-13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Some Californian Voters Are Open to Reforming Prop 13\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A new poll out today shows Californians now support changes to Prop 13, the landmark measure that has kept property taxes low for the last 40 years. But it’s also left local governments and schools strapped for cash.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Vanessa Rancaño, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Banning a Nevada Institution: Brothels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal, licensed brothels are only allowed in certain rural counties in Nevada. A federal lawsuit from a political group here places them under threat of being banned statewide.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Bree Zender, KUNR\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11740591/skiing-for-all-at-tahoe-resort-disability-is-no-barrier-to-the-slopes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skiing For All\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A ski school in Lake Tahoe works with people living with a range of disabilities who might have counted themselves out of the sport.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett, KQED \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tahoe Study Shows Vacation Rentals Could Help Boost Local Economy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We hear a lot about the so-called \"Air BnB Effect\" impacting housing in California. But a recent study in Tahoe reveals there’s more nuance to the issue than people first realized.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Amy Westervelt, Freelance \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "A Decade of Implications at Stake, Supreme Court Hears Census Citizenship Question",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is set to hear oral arguments Tuesday in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/Search.aspx?FileName=/docket/docketfiles/html/public18-966.html\">legal battle\u003c/a> with lasting implications that could dramatically affect political representation and federal funding over the next decade. The justices are weighing whether to allow the Trump administration to add \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">a question about U.S. citizenship status\u003c/a> to forms for the upcoming 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11726656,news_11720059' label='More Coverage of Citizenship Status and the U.S. Census']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/04/661932989/how-the-2020-census-citizenship-question-ended-up-in-court\">multiple lawsuits brought by dozens of states, cities and other groups\u003c/a>, three federal judges at U.S. district courts have issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/700982993/trump-administrations-census-citizenship-question-plans-halted-by-third-judge\">rulings blocking the administration's plans for the question\u003c/a>. It asks, \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three judges — in New York, California and Maryland — ruled that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross' decision to include the question violated procedures for adding new census questions under administrative law. The judges in California and Maryland have also ruled that adding the question is unconstitutional because it hurts the government's ability to carry out the constitutional mandate for a once-a-decade head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unclear motivation behind the question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Population counts from the 2020 census will determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets for the next decade. The data also guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%20%234%20Census-derived%20Datasets.pdf\">an estimated $880 billion a year in federal funding\u003c/a> for schools, roads and other public services. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not benign information,\" says Hermann Habermann, a former deputy director at the Census Bureau. \"People's lives are going to be affected by it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has maintained that Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, added the question to collect more detailed citizenship data to enforce part of the Voting Rights Act. The district court judges, however, have all concluded that was not the real reason for the administration's last-minute push for the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had the Voting Rights Act for 50 years,\" says Andrew Pincus, an attorney representing former Census Bureau directors who have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/18/18-966/95014/20190401170915326_18-966.bsac.pdf\">a brief in the Supreme Court\u003c/a>. \"For its entire life, this data has not been available, and the Voting Rights Act has been enforced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, six of the bureau's former directors, who have served under both Democratic and Republican administrations, have warned that adding the citizenship question would jeopardize the accuracy of the population count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue isn't whether or not the administration or the United States has a right to know how many citizens are there,\" Habermann says. \"The issue is what's the best way to get that piece of information so that you do not harm the census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Hermann Habermann, a former deputy director at the Census Bureau']'This is not benign information. People's lives are going to be affected by it.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current political climate, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Census Bureau research\u003c/a> indicates the question is likely to discourage households with noncitizens, including unauthorized immigrants, from taking part in the count. The bureau estimates 6.5 million people will not respond to the 2020 census themselves if a citizenship question is included. That estimate may climb higher after the agency conducts its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674107748/census-bureau-to-test-how-controversial-citizenship-question-affects-responses\">first field test of the question on a 2020 census form\u003c/a> beginning in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ross overruled the unanimous advice of experts at the Census Bureau, who recommended compiling existing government records on citizenship from other federal agencies rather than adding a citizenship question. He later testified repeatedly before Congress that he added the question only because the Justice Department wanted it on the census form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The litigation uncovered emails from Ross and other Commerce Department officials showing the idea for adding the citizenship question had roots not in the Justice Department, as Ross testified in Congress, but in discussions between Ross, former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon and former Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, who helped lead President Trump's now-defunct voter fraud commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emails also show that despite repeated entreaties, Justice Department officials refused at first to ask for the addition of the question, saying that it was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The limits of Ross' discretion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration does have the support of 17 Republican-controlled states, including Oklahoma. That state's solicitor general, Mithun Mansinghani, notes that attorneys at the Justice Department, which is representing the administration, are arguing that the courts do not have the authority to second-guess the commerce secretary's decision about the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is, does the secretary have the discretion to weigh the costs and benefits between asking a citizenship question and not asking one? And the department maintains he does have that discretion,\" Mansinghani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mithun Mansinghani, Oaklahoma solicitor general']'The question is, does the secretary have the discretion to weigh the costs and benefits between asking a citizenship question and not asking one? And the department maintains he does have that discretion.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ross' discretion is not unlimited, argues New York State Attorney General Letitia James. Her office represented plaintiffs in one of the lawsuits at the New York district court under her predecessor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has a constitutional and a statutory obligation to pursue an accurate count. And the record is clear, that by including the citizenship question, it would result in an inaccurate count,\" James says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration contends that all it has to show is that Ross made a rational decision. The lower courts found that the decision, in fact, was not rational, but arbitrary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The path to the Supreme Court\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is reviewing the ruling by U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman in New York — as well as whether adding the question is constitutional — in an expedited and complicated case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Letitia James, New York State attorney general']'He has a constitutional and a statutory obligation to pursue an accurate count. And the record is clear, that by including the citizenship question, it would result in an inaccurate count.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/646936577/trump-officials-prepared-for-supreme-court-fight-over-census-question\">Trump administration officials have long been preparing for\u003c/a> the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since this issue will go to the Supreme Court we need to be diligent in preparing the administrative record,\" a Commerce Department official wrote to Ross in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4872562-2018-09-11-Letter-Response#document/p40/a453277\">an internal email\u003c/a> about the citizenship question sent in August 2017, months before the administration's formal request for the question became public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/15/692656180/supreme-court-to-decide-if-2020-census-includes-citizenship-question\">The justices decided in February\u003c/a> to take on a sped-up review of Furman's ruling after receiving an unusual request from the Trump administration to not wait for the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to review the administration's appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week before the first courtroom trial was scheduled to begin in November in New York, the administration's attorneys asked the high court to delay the proceedings.\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The administration wanted the justices to first rule on its separate appeal of Furman's order for Ross to sit for questioning under oath by the plaintiffs' attorneys. The Supreme Court ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/29/659992651/trump-administration-asks-supreme-court-to-delay-census-citizenship-question-tri\">denied that emergency request\u003c/a>, with Justice Clarence Thomas, Justice Samuel Alito and Justice Neil Gorsuch dissenting from the majority vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross' deposition has been temporarily blocked by the high court. All of the justices are still considering whether to allow it to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch and Thomas have indicated that they are not convinced there was enough evidence of \"bad faith\" to justify allowing the plaintiffs' attorneys to question Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing unusual about a new cabinet secretary coming to office inclined to favor a different policy direction, soliciting support from other agencies to bolster his views, disagreeing with staff, or cutting through red tape,\" Gorsuch wrote \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5015737-18A375-in-Re-Department-of-Commerce\">in an opinion released in October\u003c/a> for Thomas and himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5021574-Oct-26-2018-Opinion-and-Order-From-U-S-District\">Furman said \u003c/a>he ordered Ross' deposition mainly because he \"found reason to believe that Secretary Ross had provided false explanations of his reasons for, and the genesis of, the citizenship question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looming deadlines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's oral arguments are scheduled to last 80 minutes, including time for the general counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives to argue against the question as a friend of the court in support of the lawsuits' plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau says it needs a final ruling on whether to include a citizenship question by June in order for the printing of paper forms for the census to begin this summer as scheduled. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/17/713762546/appeal-to-census-lawsuit-ruling-adds-uncertainty-to-citizenship-questions-fate\">a recent 4th Circuit appeal by plaintiffs in one of the Maryland lawsuits, who are challenging a ruling on a racial discrimination claim\u003c/a>, could complicate the timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Congress provided additional funding, the bureau could extend its June deadline for finalizing census forms to as late as Oct. 31, the bureau's chief scientist \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1090642712699662337%20\">testified during the New York trial\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would, however, put yet more pressure on the head count, which is set to officially begin in January 2020 in remote Alaska before rolling out to the rest of the country by April. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is set to hear oral arguments Tuesday in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/Search.aspx?FileName=/docket/docketfiles/html/public18-966.html\">legal battle\u003c/a> with lasting implications that could dramatically affect political representation and federal funding over the next decade. The justices are weighing whether to allow the Trump administration to add \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">a question about U.S. citizenship status\u003c/a> to forms for the upcoming 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/04/661932989/how-the-2020-census-citizenship-question-ended-up-in-court\">multiple lawsuits brought by dozens of states, cities and other groups\u003c/a>, three federal judges at U.S. district courts have issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/700982993/trump-administrations-census-citizenship-question-plans-halted-by-third-judge\">rulings blocking the administration's plans for the question\u003c/a>. It asks, \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three judges — in New York, California and Maryland — ruled that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross' decision to include the question violated procedures for adding new census questions under administrative law. The judges in California and Maryland have also ruled that adding the question is unconstitutional because it hurts the government's ability to carry out the constitutional mandate for a once-a-decade head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unclear motivation behind the question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Population counts from the 2020 census will determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets for the next decade. The data also guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%20%234%20Census-derived%20Datasets.pdf\">an estimated $880 billion a year in federal funding\u003c/a> for schools, roads and other public services. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not benign information,\" says Hermann Habermann, a former deputy director at the Census Bureau. \"People's lives are going to be affected by it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has maintained that Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, added the question to collect more detailed citizenship data to enforce part of the Voting Rights Act. The district court judges, however, have all concluded that was not the real reason for the administration's last-minute push for the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had the Voting Rights Act for 50 years,\" says Andrew Pincus, an attorney representing former Census Bureau directors who have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/18/18-966/95014/20190401170915326_18-966.bsac.pdf\">a brief in the Supreme Court\u003c/a>. \"For its entire life, this data has not been available, and the Voting Rights Act has been enforced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, six of the bureau's former directors, who have served under both Democratic and Republican administrations, have warned that adding the citizenship question would jeopardize the accuracy of the population count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue isn't whether or not the administration or the United States has a right to know how many citizens are there,\" Habermann says. \"The issue is what's the best way to get that piece of information so that you do not harm the census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current political climate, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Census Bureau research\u003c/a> indicates the question is likely to discourage households with noncitizens, including unauthorized immigrants, from taking part in the count. The bureau estimates 6.5 million people will not respond to the 2020 census themselves if a citizenship question is included. That estimate may climb higher after the agency conducts its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674107748/census-bureau-to-test-how-controversial-citizenship-question-affects-responses\">first field test of the question on a 2020 census form\u003c/a> beginning in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ross overruled the unanimous advice of experts at the Census Bureau, who recommended compiling existing government records on citizenship from other federal agencies rather than adding a citizenship question. He later testified repeatedly before Congress that he added the question only because the Justice Department wanted it on the census form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The litigation uncovered emails from Ross and other Commerce Department officials showing the idea for adding the citizenship question had roots not in the Justice Department, as Ross testified in Congress, but in discussions between Ross, former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon and former Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, who helped lead President Trump's now-defunct voter fraud commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emails also show that despite repeated entreaties, Justice Department officials refused at first to ask for the addition of the question, saying that it was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The limits of Ross' discretion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration does have the support of 17 Republican-controlled states, including Oklahoma. That state's solicitor general, Mithun Mansinghani, notes that attorneys at the Justice Department, which is representing the administration, are arguing that the courts do not have the authority to second-guess the commerce secretary's decision about the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is, does the secretary have the discretion to weigh the costs and benefits between asking a citizenship question and not asking one? And the department maintains he does have that discretion,\" Mansinghani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ross' discretion is not unlimited, argues New York State Attorney General Letitia James. Her office represented plaintiffs in one of the lawsuits at the New York district court under her predecessor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has a constitutional and a statutory obligation to pursue an accurate count. And the record is clear, that by including the citizenship question, it would result in an inaccurate count,\" James says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration contends that all it has to show is that Ross made a rational decision. The lower courts found that the decision, in fact, was not rational, but arbitrary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The path to the Supreme Court\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is reviewing the ruling by U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman in New York — as well as whether adding the question is constitutional — in an expedited and complicated case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'He has a constitutional and a statutory obligation to pursue an accurate count. And the record is clear, that by including the citizenship question, it would result in an inaccurate count.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/646936577/trump-officials-prepared-for-supreme-court-fight-over-census-question\">Trump administration officials have long been preparing for\u003c/a> the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since this issue will go to the Supreme Court we need to be diligent in preparing the administrative record,\" a Commerce Department official wrote to Ross in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4872562-2018-09-11-Letter-Response#document/p40/a453277\">an internal email\u003c/a> about the citizenship question sent in August 2017, months before the administration's formal request for the question became public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/15/692656180/supreme-court-to-decide-if-2020-census-includes-citizenship-question\">The justices decided in February\u003c/a> to take on a sped-up review of Furman's ruling after receiving an unusual request from the Trump administration to not wait for the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to review the administration's appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week before the first courtroom trial was scheduled to begin in November in New York, the administration's attorneys asked the high court to delay the proceedings.\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The administration wanted the justices to first rule on its separate appeal of Furman's order for Ross to sit for questioning under oath by the plaintiffs' attorneys. The Supreme Court ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/29/659992651/trump-administration-asks-supreme-court-to-delay-census-citizenship-question-tri\">denied that emergency request\u003c/a>, with Justice Clarence Thomas, Justice Samuel Alito and Justice Neil Gorsuch dissenting from the majority vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross' deposition has been temporarily blocked by the high court. All of the justices are still considering whether to allow it to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch and Thomas have indicated that they are not convinced there was enough evidence of \"bad faith\" to justify allowing the plaintiffs' attorneys to question Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing unusual about a new cabinet secretary coming to office inclined to favor a different policy direction, soliciting support from other agencies to bolster his views, disagreeing with staff, or cutting through red tape,\" Gorsuch wrote \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5015737-18A375-in-Re-Department-of-Commerce\">in an opinion released in October\u003c/a> for Thomas and himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5021574-Oct-26-2018-Opinion-and-Order-From-U-S-District\">Furman said \u003c/a>he ordered Ross' deposition mainly because he \"found reason to believe that Secretary Ross had provided false explanations of his reasons for, and the genesis of, the citizenship question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looming deadlines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's oral arguments are scheduled to last 80 minutes, including time for the general counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives to argue against the question as a friend of the court in support of the lawsuits' plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau says it needs a final ruling on whether to include a citizenship question by June in order for the printing of paper forms for the census to begin this summer as scheduled. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/17/713762546/appeal-to-census-lawsuit-ruling-adds-uncertainty-to-citizenship-questions-fate\">a recent 4th Circuit appeal by plaintiffs in one of the Maryland lawsuits, who are challenging a ruling on a racial discrimination claim\u003c/a>, could complicate the timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Congress provided additional funding, the bureau could extend its June deadline for finalizing census forms to as late as Oct. 31, the bureau's chief scientist \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1090642712699662337%20\">testified during the New York trial\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would, however, put yet more pressure on the head count, which is set to officially begin in January 2020 in remote Alaska before rolling out to the rest of the country by April. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was still dark in the eastern Coachella Valley when Enriqueta Magaña assembled her crew of about a dozen workers along a row of grapevines and demonstrated the work they’d be doing that day. She used both hands to snap small branches off the vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11737874,news_11737834,news_11737988' label='The Coachella You Might Not Have Heard About']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to work hard,” Magaña, a field forewoman, told her crew that morning in early April. They all wore an unofficial uniform — pants, long-sleeved shirts, brimmed hats and bandannas — to protect their skin from the sun, which would soon bake the California desert. “It’s for the good of all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three weekends this month, Magaña is giving similar advice to a crew cleaning up trash after the Coachella and Stagecoach music festivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following eight-hour days in the fields, Magaña and many of her farmworkers change into another uniform — latex gloves and colored T-shirts — and head to the Empire Polo Club in Indio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the last concertgoers stumble out of the festival after midnight, the grounds look like “a garbage dump,” Magaña said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her crew work overnight, filling trash bags with soggy plastic cups, grease-stained plates and other objects left behind by attendees. By the time they finish their shift at 3:30 a.m., the grounds are spotless again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coachella 2017 was the highest-grossing festival in the world, according to the most recent statistics available from Pollstar, a publication focused on the concert industry. Working behind the scenes are area residents who, according to Magaña, earn minimum wage to make sure the grounds are pristine for each day’s festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11741277\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Field supervisor Enriqueta Magaña has worked in the Coachella Valley's grape vineyards for two decades and at the Coachella festival for 10 years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field supervisor Enriqueta Magaña has worked in the Coachella Valley’s grape vineyards for two decades and at the Coachella festival for 10 years. \u003ccite>(Omar Ornelas/The Desert Sun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The festivals coincide with the grape-growing season, so Magaña and her team typically labor all day in the fields, often amid sweltering temperatures, and then all night at the festivals, catching an hour or two of sleep and a cup of coffee in between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the Coachella Valley, grape growers planted about 1,000 fewer acres in 2017 than they had in 2013, according to the Riverside County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduction in grapevines, Magaña said, has resulted in fewer hours of low-wage work in the fields. So residents continue picking up extra shifts at the festival, laboring in the shadows of an event that has made their hometown a household name.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/coachella/2019/04/18/coachella-festival-farmworkers-pick-up-extra-shifts-collecting-trash/3474941002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the full story via The Desert Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to work hard,” Magaña, a field forewoman, told her crew that morning in early April. They all wore an unofficial uniform — pants, long-sleeved shirts, brimmed hats and bandannas — to protect their skin from the sun, which would soon bake the California desert. “It’s for the good of all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three weekends this month, Magaña is giving similar advice to a crew cleaning up trash after the Coachella and Stagecoach music festivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following eight-hour days in the fields, Magaña and many of her farmworkers change into another uniform — latex gloves and colored T-shirts — and head to the Empire Polo Club in Indio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the last concertgoers stumble out of the festival after midnight, the grounds look like “a garbage dump,” Magaña said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her crew work overnight, filling trash bags with soggy plastic cups, grease-stained plates and other objects left behind by attendees. By the time they finish their shift at 3:30 a.m., the grounds are spotless again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coachella 2017 was the highest-grossing festival in the world, according to the most recent statistics available from Pollstar, a publication focused on the concert industry. Working behind the scenes are area residents who, according to Magaña, earn minimum wage to make sure the grounds are pristine for each day’s festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11741277\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Field supervisor Enriqueta Magaña has worked in the Coachella Valley's grape vineyards for two decades and at the Coachella festival for 10 years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Field-Supervisor-Enriqueta-Magana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field supervisor Enriqueta Magaña has worked in the Coachella Valley’s grape vineyards for two decades and at the Coachella festival for 10 years. \u003ccite>(Omar Ornelas/The Desert Sun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The festivals coincide with the grape-growing season, so Magaña and her team typically labor all day in the fields, often amid sweltering temperatures, and then all night at the festivals, catching an hour or two of sleep and a cup of coffee in between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the Coachella Valley, grape growers planted about 1,000 fewer acres in 2017 than they had in 2013, according to the Riverside County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduction in grapevines, Magaña said, has resulted in fewer hours of low-wage work in the fields. So residents continue picking up extra shifts at the festival, laboring in the shadows of an event that has made their hometown a household name.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/coachella/2019/04/18/coachella-festival-farmworkers-pick-up-extra-shifts-collecting-trash/3474941002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the full story via The Desert Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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