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"content": "\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XVIOJI3oXfrzXXAqM3eQcDQW1NIDK2QK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9I5dRtrl2Yzg2O4IQmwJHPaT0YQNtf6J\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"c6XKdI8cLRCBO2uUpKpvW4h4ZCVqVw45\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Enforcement Under Trump: Is There Reason for the Fear?",
"title": "Immigration Enforcement Under Trump: Is There Reason for the Fear?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Protesters rallied in downtown Los Angeles last month in support of 48-year-old Romulo Avelica Gonzalez, a father of four who \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\">immigration officials arrested\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents pulled him over in Highland Park, about six blocks from where he had taken one of his daughters to school, and while on the way to drop off another daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case made national headlines. A video of the arrest filmed by his sobbing 13-year-old daughter was widely shared on social media. Politicians got involved. Supporters held a fundraiser to help cover his legal expenses. A broad network of activists and supporters, many strangers, came to the family's defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keen interest in Avelica's arrest may not have risen\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to the level it did two years ago, under President Obama's administration, when his family says immigration agents first came to their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"h7QZdsx09aV3F9LeMcv27qQGwCGWonIy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2015 in September, ICE showed up to my mom’s house,\" said Brenda Avelica, 24, one of her father's older daughters. \"He felt that it was ICE, so he didn’t come out. My dad didn’t come out. And they didn’t have an order to come in. So they didn’t take him that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on any prior attempts to arrest Romulo Avelica Gonzalez. But they did confirm he would have been a priority for arrest even under the Obama administration's guidelines: According to the immigration agency, Avelica had a 2014 deportation order and a minor criminal record, including a DUI dating back to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Avelica said after the 2015 visit, the family took precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lived paranoid, like scared,\" she said. \"We didn’t have a gate in the back, so we put in a big gate with a lock. We had one dog, but we got another dog, for guarding purposes … my dad didn’t go to the store by himself after that anymore. Somebody went with him, just to be a witness, or in case something like that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it took months before the family relaxed and let down its guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started living normally again,\" Brenda Avelica said. \"But it was always in the back of our heads. I don't think there was a day that we weren't ... thinking that maybe it could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's Different Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant families with members in the U.S illegally are living with similar fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Trump administration signed an executive order in January establishing a policy of strict enforcement against unauthorized immigrants, arrests have made frequent headlines. Some immigrants have \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/20/69948/fearing-immigration-crackdown-some-go-into-hiding/\">gone into hiding\u003c/a> or are preparing \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/21/69950/immigrants-prepare-for-a-day-when-another-might-ha/\">for the day ICE agents show up\u003c/a>. Others contemplate or have taken steps to return to their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all the felt fear and life-changing decisions families are making, this is not the first time that immigration agents have cracked down on those lacking permission to reside in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the George W. Bush administration sent ICE agents to arrest immigrants with outstanding deportation orders. ICE \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-1n18immig211029-immigration-agents-casting-their-n-2009jan18-htmlstory.html\">\"fugitive operations\" teams \u003c/a>were sent to people's homes in the early morning hours. On many occasions, bystanders who were not being sought but were in the country illegally were also arrested. ICE called these \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ice-fugitive-operations-program\">collateral\u003c/a> arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vURfpyMT3dzLNYPfCVBV7WtmpnUI4H8N\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Obama administration deported record numbers of immigrants. In fiscal years 2012 through 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015/table39\">more than 400,000 deportations\u003c/a> took place each year, according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security statistics. A record 434,015 immigrants were removed from the U.S. in fiscal year 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does the fear seem heightened in the wake of Trump's election?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Meissner, former commissioner of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service under President Clinton, says enforcement policies have gotten stricter. INS preceded the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [Trump] guidelines say that everybody who is in the country without a legal status is subject to deportation from the country,\" said Meissner, now a senior policy fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Trump executive order rolls back protections initiated in the later Obama years, directing immigration agents to focus on immigrants convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said while those with criminal records remain priority targets under Trump, agents have more discretion to arrest others deemed deportable, even if their sole charge is living in the country without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still not clear to what extent deportation numbers could change under Trump's executive order. \"We don't really know how much of a difference it will actually make,\" Meissner said. \"It is too soon to tell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does seem likely, she said, is there will be more collateral arrests than occurred in prior administrations, and more arrests of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally who don’t have criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rumors, Rhetoric and Reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Such arrests essentially return enforcement to where it stood in the late 2000s. But a decade ago, arrests rarely made the national news. Now, cases of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/09/514299631/after-years-of-uneventful-check-ins-arizona-woman-is-arrested-faces-deportation\">immigrant suddenly deported\u003c/a> or an arrest of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/15/69100/worries-heightened-in-socal-after-arrest-of-daca-r/\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) participant\u003c/a> granted temporary residency can turn into a cause célèbre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Nogales, director of the media watchdog group National Hispanic Media Coalition, has a theory about why this is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DZQXOb5HmGTj7ObYu9NNYqZfSG7jeuc8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is so different now than it was 10 years ago, five years ago? ... [It's] that the talk is out there, day in, day out,\" Nogales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While past administrations carried out tough enforcement, too, they did not engage in the same harsh rhetoric that Trump has employed since \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/2015/06/25/29292957/\">his campaign\u003c/a>. His vow to deport millions of undocumented immigrants appealed to his supporters, and that promise is now making its way into his enforcement policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when you have that kind of a toxic environment, of course people are going to talk about it. Of course people are going to report on it,\" Nogales said. \"Of course there is going to be a lot more action and activity and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the heightened reaction are immigrant advocates who have stepped up their activity in response to Trump's enforcement policies, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some reports of ICE activity that are circulated — not just by advocates but by concerned residents via social media — have turned out to be inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You kind of get this flurry of calls from friends, like, 'I saw on Facebook that there's this checkpoint over here,' \" said Erick Huerta, a Boyle Heights community activist who grew up undocumented in the U.S. and has temporary protection from deportation under DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles said witnesses told them there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/08/56716/weekend-immigration-raids-prompting-fear-and-rumor/\">workplace arrests in Chino\u003c/a>. But ICE officials said they made no arrests there on the day cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE agents did announce the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/10/68963/ice-announce-160-arrests-in-socal-as-part-of-surge/\">arrests in Southern California\u003c/a> of about 160 immigrants in February, describing the \"enforcement surge\" as part of the agency's periodic operations. However, reports at the time of ICE checkpoints and random sweeps were dismissed by David Marin, field office director for enforcement and removal operations in the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"T40DrnHovNTjzMKUj95IZQY1ETlL6MWs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin called the information \"definitely dangerous and irresponsible because reports like that create a panic, and they put communities and law enforcement at risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Decisions in a Fraught Climate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this atmosphere, people are basing decisions about their lives on information that may not be true or to their best advantage, said Alejandra Cano, a representative of Mexico's national immigration service, the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano, who works at the Mexican Consulate in Los Angeles, has seen the effects of this superheated climate. She coordinates a program through Mexico's immigration service called \"Somos Mexicanos,\" or Spanish for \"We are Mexican.\" The program assists Mexicans who are returning home, both voluntarily and because of deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said that since January, 77 Southern California families have sought help to move back to Mexico. Most have U.S.-born children, and seven have already left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, she has seen a marked difference in the reasons people give in explaining why they want to leave the U.S..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before ... the reason was because they wanted to retire in Mexico,\" Cano said. \"And now, the people feel afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"A6Nge2OXnIIjOpo6VuNABImWek37RAq8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said she tries to reason with them. She asks them if they have a criminal record or a deportation order. If they don’t, she tells them there is no cause to rush out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that in the first three months of this year, Mexico has received fewer deportees than in the same period a year ago, when Obama was in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference now is the message that this administration is sending to everybody, and the fear in everybody,\" Cano said. \"That fear is making people take decisions they shouldn’t take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of the heightened awareness of deportation cases is that those arrested — like Romulo Avelica Gonzalez — are attracting more support than they might have before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Avelica was arrested, administrators at his daughter's school quickly spread the word and immigration activists mobilized an effort to stop his deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked so far — Avelica is still in detention, but not yet deported. Lawyers are working to keep him in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like now, with the presidency, I feel like immigration is maybe a little bigger now, and maybe it’s talked about more,\" said Avelica's daughter, Brenda. \"So maybe it is getting more attention now than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's hoping, with the widespread attention he's been receiving, her father will eventually be released.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Protesters rallied in downtown Los Angeles last month in support of 48-year-old Romulo Avelica Gonzalez, a father of four who \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\">immigration officials arrested\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents pulled him over in Highland Park, about six blocks from where he had taken one of his daughters to school, and while on the way to drop off another daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case made national headlines. A video of the arrest filmed by his sobbing 13-year-old daughter was widely shared on social media. Politicians got involved. Supporters held a fundraiser to help cover his legal expenses. A broad network of activists and supporters, many strangers, came to the family's defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keen interest in Avelica's arrest may not have risen\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to the level it did two years ago, under President Obama's administration, when his family says immigration agents first came to their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2015 in September, ICE showed up to my mom’s house,\" said Brenda Avelica, 24, one of her father's older daughters. \"He felt that it was ICE, so he didn’t come out. My dad didn’t come out. And they didn’t have an order to come in. So they didn’t take him that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on any prior attempts to arrest Romulo Avelica Gonzalez. But they did confirm he would have been a priority for arrest even under the Obama administration's guidelines: According to the immigration agency, Avelica had a 2014 deportation order and a minor criminal record, including a DUI dating back to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Avelica said after the 2015 visit, the family took precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lived paranoid, like scared,\" she said. \"We didn’t have a gate in the back, so we put in a big gate with a lock. We had one dog, but we got another dog, for guarding purposes … my dad didn’t go to the store by himself after that anymore. Somebody went with him, just to be a witness, or in case something like that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it took months before the family relaxed and let down its guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started living normally again,\" Brenda Avelica said. \"But it was always in the back of our heads. I don't think there was a day that we weren't ... thinking that maybe it could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's Different Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant families with members in the U.S illegally are living with similar fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Trump administration signed an executive order in January establishing a policy of strict enforcement against unauthorized immigrants, arrests have made frequent headlines. Some immigrants have \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/20/69948/fearing-immigration-crackdown-some-go-into-hiding/\">gone into hiding\u003c/a> or are preparing \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/21/69950/immigrants-prepare-for-a-day-when-another-might-ha/\">for the day ICE agents show up\u003c/a>. Others contemplate or have taken steps to return to their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all the felt fear and life-changing decisions families are making, this is not the first time that immigration agents have cracked down on those lacking permission to reside in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the George W. Bush administration sent ICE agents to arrest immigrants with outstanding deportation orders. ICE \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-1n18immig211029-immigration-agents-casting-their-n-2009jan18-htmlstory.html\">\"fugitive operations\" teams \u003c/a>were sent to people's homes in the early morning hours. On many occasions, bystanders who were not being sought but were in the country illegally were also arrested. ICE called these \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ice-fugitive-operations-program\">collateral\u003c/a> arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Obama administration deported record numbers of immigrants. In fiscal years 2012 through 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015/table39\">more than 400,000 deportations\u003c/a> took place each year, according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security statistics. A record 434,015 immigrants were removed from the U.S. in fiscal year 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does the fear seem heightened in the wake of Trump's election?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Meissner, former commissioner of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service under President Clinton, says enforcement policies have gotten stricter. INS preceded the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [Trump] guidelines say that everybody who is in the country without a legal status is subject to deportation from the country,\" said Meissner, now a senior policy fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Trump executive order rolls back protections initiated in the later Obama years, directing immigration agents to focus on immigrants convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said while those with criminal records remain priority targets under Trump, agents have more discretion to arrest others deemed deportable, even if their sole charge is living in the country without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still not clear to what extent deportation numbers could change under Trump's executive order. \"We don't really know how much of a difference it will actually make,\" Meissner said. \"It is too soon to tell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does seem likely, she said, is there will be more collateral arrests than occurred in prior administrations, and more arrests of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally who don’t have criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rumors, Rhetoric and Reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Such arrests essentially return enforcement to where it stood in the late 2000s. But a decade ago, arrests rarely made the national news. Now, cases of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/09/514299631/after-years-of-uneventful-check-ins-arizona-woman-is-arrested-faces-deportation\">immigrant suddenly deported\u003c/a> or an arrest of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/15/69100/worries-heightened-in-socal-after-arrest-of-daca-r/\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) participant\u003c/a> granted temporary residency can turn into a cause célèbre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Nogales, director of the media watchdog group National Hispanic Media Coalition, has a theory about why this is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is so different now than it was 10 years ago, five years ago? ... [It's] that the talk is out there, day in, day out,\" Nogales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While past administrations carried out tough enforcement, too, they did not engage in the same harsh rhetoric that Trump has employed since \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/2015/06/25/29292957/\">his campaign\u003c/a>. His vow to deport millions of undocumented immigrants appealed to his supporters, and that promise is now making its way into his enforcement policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when you have that kind of a toxic environment, of course people are going to talk about it. Of course people are going to report on it,\" Nogales said. \"Of course there is going to be a lot more action and activity and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the heightened reaction are immigrant advocates who have stepped up their activity in response to Trump's enforcement policies, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some reports of ICE activity that are circulated — not just by advocates but by concerned residents via social media — have turned out to be inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You kind of get this flurry of calls from friends, like, 'I saw on Facebook that there's this checkpoint over here,' \" said Erick Huerta, a Boyle Heights community activist who grew up undocumented in the U.S. and has temporary protection from deportation under DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles said witnesses told them there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/08/56716/weekend-immigration-raids-prompting-fear-and-rumor/\">workplace arrests in Chino\u003c/a>. But ICE officials said they made no arrests there on the day cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE agents did announce the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/10/68963/ice-announce-160-arrests-in-socal-as-part-of-surge/\">arrests in Southern California\u003c/a> of about 160 immigrants in February, describing the \"enforcement surge\" as part of the agency's periodic operations. However, reports at the time of ICE checkpoints and random sweeps were dismissed by David Marin, field office director for enforcement and removal operations in the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin called the information \"definitely dangerous and irresponsible because reports like that create a panic, and they put communities and law enforcement at risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Decisions in a Fraught Climate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this atmosphere, people are basing decisions about their lives on information that may not be true or to their best advantage, said Alejandra Cano, a representative of Mexico's national immigration service, the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano, who works at the Mexican Consulate in Los Angeles, has seen the effects of this superheated climate. She coordinates a program through Mexico's immigration service called \"Somos Mexicanos,\" or Spanish for \"We are Mexican.\" The program assists Mexicans who are returning home, both voluntarily and because of deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said that since January, 77 Southern California families have sought help to move back to Mexico. Most have U.S.-born children, and seven have already left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, she has seen a marked difference in the reasons people give in explaining why they want to leave the U.S..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before ... the reason was because they wanted to retire in Mexico,\" Cano said. \"And now, the people feel afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said she tries to reason with them. She asks them if they have a criminal record or a deportation order. If they don’t, she tells them there is no cause to rush out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that in the first three months of this year, Mexico has received fewer deportees than in the same period a year ago, when Obama was in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference now is the message that this administration is sending to everybody, and the fear in everybody,\" Cano said. \"That fear is making people take decisions they shouldn’t take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of the heightened awareness of deportation cases is that those arrested — like Romulo Avelica Gonzalez — are attracting more support than they might have before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Avelica was arrested, administrators at his daughter's school quickly spread the word and immigration activists mobilized an effort to stop his deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked so far — Avelica is still in detention, but not yet deported. Lawyers are working to keep him in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like now, with the presidency, I feel like immigration is maybe a little bigger now, and maybe it’s talked about more,\" said Avelica's daughter, Brenda. \"So maybe it is getting more attention now than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Withdraws Lawsuit After DHS Drops Demands for Alt-Account's Identity",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NwP8rmngKUwtaU3gBHAn6ucxwkQMJIz8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/849851959913971712\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850093177495269377\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850105469494538241\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850097674913292288\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Sues+Homeland+Security+To+Protect+Anonymity+Of+%27Alt+Immigration%27+Account&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PHOTOS: The Many Possible Shapes of Trump's Border Wall",
"title": "PHOTOS: The Many Possible Shapes of Trump's Border Wall",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BSM38HQgSLG/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The bidding period has closed for the companies hoping to design and deliver the president's signature campaign promise. Here's a glimpse of some proposals, from wire mesh to 30-foot pipe organs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deported Students Find Challenges at School in Tijuana",
"title": "Deported Students Find Challenges at School in Tijuana",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As President Trump moves to fulfill his campaign promise to deport millions of immigrants who are in the country illegally, they'll most likely include Mexicans whose children were born in the U.S. Over half a million of these kids are already in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call them \u003cem>los invisibles,\u003c/em> the invisible ones, because they often end up in an educational limbo of sorts. Most don't read or write in Spanish, so they're held back. Many get discouraged and stop going to school. In some cases schools even refuse to enroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the border city of Tijuana, however, there's a model program designed to help these children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the concerns the new students wrote.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the concerns the new students wrote. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre Elementary, for example, roughly one-tenth of the school's 700 students were born in the U.S. Administrators and teachers here have embraced kids like Anthony David Martinez, a skinny 9-year-old who recently arrived from Barstow, California. That's where he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony could have stayed in California because he's a U.S. citizen, but his parents are not. They were forced to return to Mexico and didn't want to split up the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"500\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-375x240.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Oh no, I'm going to have to make new friends, new school, new everything,' \" says Anthony. \"But now I'm happy here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony's fourth-grade teacher says his Spanish is \"a work in progress,\" but he has learned how to read and write in Spanish fairly quickly. It wasn't easy switching from English to Spanish in class or when doing his homework, says Anthony. He's still not used to saying the name of his school in English — 20 November. \"It's kind of weird,\" he chuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre, children like Anthony are not segregated or put in some corner of the school. They're paired with native Spanish speakers and they get lots of one-on-one tutoring to build their vocabulary and grammar in Spanish. To keep them from feeling frustrated or isolated, they're allowed to mingle with other English-speaking kids during the day so it's not uncommon to hear English at recess or lunch. There's no stigma to speaking English because it's a highly prized skill in Mexican schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers say this is the model for how schools should treat and teach the half million U.S.-born students who have enrolled throughout Mexico. It has become more urgent because their numbers are growing, says Amparo Lopez, a state coordinator with Baja California's Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This school year alone, she says, more than 12,000 students from all parts of the U.S. enrolled in schools across the state. That's on top of the 58,000 who were already here. Only the border state of Chihuahua has received more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez says the surge began in 2006 with a sharp increase in deportations, followed by even bigger increases during the Obama administration. And it wasn't just because people were being deported. Many Mexican immigrants working illegally in the U.S. returned on their own because they lost their job during the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"700\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many of these families are struggling in Mexico, and their kids are feeling the stress in school. In Tijuana, school officials have been quick to identify those who need the most help. Recent arrivals are invited to meet with tutors and counselors at the school district's offices at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been especially helpful for kids like 13-year-old Julian Sanchez. He's a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles. His mom and dad had crossed into the U.S. illegally before he was born. They were recently deported and Julian had no choice but to come to Tijuana with them. He does not speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know, like, how to read it or write it,\" says Julian. His mother, Araceli Sanchez, says she tries to help him with his schoolwork in Spanish, but he's still struggling to learn the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11391661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At least here,\" she says, \"with the help of tutors he's learning more words and proper grammar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counselors say these kids need a lot more than that. Their self-esteem is really low when they arrive. Most are deeply sad about leaving their homes in the U.S., and schools don't always know how to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to 9-year-old Anthony and 20 de Noviembre Elementary in Tijuana. Anthony is thriving because he gets so much academic and emotional support. It's the reason his Spanish has improved so quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's something else about Anthony. He seems to be learning a lot about himself and the world he left behind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was never white when I was in Barstow,\" he says. \"I was always brown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, he adds, \"I see myself more Mexican. I belong in Mexico. This is my home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony isn't sure when he'll return to the U.S., but says he wants to, some day, because it's home, too. He is, after all, a U.S. citizen by birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As President Trump moves to fulfill his campaign promise to deport millions of immigrants who are in the country illegally, they'll most likely include Mexicans whose children were born in the U.S. Over half a million of these kids are already in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call them \u003cem>los invisibles,\u003c/em> the invisible ones, because they often end up in an educational limbo of sorts. Most don't read or write in Spanish, so they're held back. Many get discouraged and stop going to school. In some cases schools even refuse to enroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the border city of Tijuana, however, there's a model program designed to help these children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the concerns the new students wrote.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the concerns the new students wrote. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre Elementary, for example, roughly one-tenth of the school's 700 students were born in the U.S. Administrators and teachers here have embraced kids like Anthony David Martinez, a skinny 9-year-old who recently arrived from Barstow, California. That's where he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony could have stayed in California because he's a U.S. citizen, but his parents are not. They were forced to return to Mexico and didn't want to split up the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"500\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-375x240.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Oh no, I'm going to have to make new friends, new school, new everything,' \" says Anthony. \"But now I'm happy here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony's fourth-grade teacher says his Spanish is \"a work in progress,\" but he has learned how to read and write in Spanish fairly quickly. It wasn't easy switching from English to Spanish in class or when doing his homework, says Anthony. He's still not used to saying the name of his school in English — 20 November. \"It's kind of weird,\" he chuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre, children like Anthony are not segregated or put in some corner of the school. They're paired with native Spanish speakers and they get lots of one-on-one tutoring to build their vocabulary and grammar in Spanish. To keep them from feeling frustrated or isolated, they're allowed to mingle with other English-speaking kids during the day so it's not uncommon to hear English at recess or lunch. There's no stigma to speaking English because it's a highly prized skill in Mexican schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers say this is the model for how schools should treat and teach the half million U.S.-born students who have enrolled throughout Mexico. It has become more urgent because their numbers are growing, says Amparo Lopez, a state coordinator with Baja California's Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This school year alone, she says, more than 12,000 students from all parts of the U.S. enrolled in schools across the state. That's on top of the 58,000 who were already here. Only the border state of Chihuahua has received more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez says the surge began in 2006 with a sharp increase in deportations, followed by even bigger increases during the Obama administration. And it wasn't just because people were being deported. Many Mexican immigrants working illegally in the U.S. returned on their own because they lost their job during the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"700\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many of these families are struggling in Mexico, and their kids are feeling the stress in school. In Tijuana, school officials have been quick to identify those who need the most help. Recent arrivals are invited to meet with tutors and counselors at the school district's offices at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been especially helpful for kids like 13-year-old Julian Sanchez. He's a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles. His mom and dad had crossed into the U.S. illegally before he was born. They were recently deported and Julian had no choice but to come to Tijuana with them. He does not speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know, like, how to read it or write it,\" says Julian. His mother, Araceli Sanchez, says she tries to help him with his schoolwork in Spanish, but he's still struggling to learn the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11391661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At least here,\" she says, \"with the help of tutors he's learning more words and proper grammar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counselors say these kids need a lot more than that. Their self-esteem is really low when they arrive. Most are deeply sad about leaving their homes in the U.S., and schools don't always know how to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to 9-year-old Anthony and 20 de Noviembre Elementary in Tijuana. Anthony is thriving because he gets so much academic and emotional support. It's the reason his Spanish has improved so quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's something else about Anthony. He seems to be learning a lot about himself and the world he left behind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was never white when I was in Barstow,\" he says. \"I was always brown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, he adds, \"I see myself more Mexican. I belong in Mexico. This is my home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony isn't sure when he'll return to the U.S., but says he wants to, some day, because it's home, too. He is, after all, a U.S. citizen by birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Offering Driver's Licenses to Undocumented Immigrants Makes Roads Safer",
"title": "How Offering Driver's Licenses to Undocumented Immigrants Makes Roads Safer",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Researchers at Stanford University this week published a \u003ca href=\"https://iriss.stanford.edu/news/authorized-drive\" target=\"_blank\">study \u003c/a>that may bolster the argument that policies aimed at encouraging immigrants to come out of the shadows actually improve public safety. They found that a 2013 California law that granted driver's licenses to immigrants in the country illegally reduced hit-and-run accidents by 7 to 10 percent in 2015, meaning roughly 4,000 fewer hit-and-runs. In that same year, 600,000 people got driver's licenses under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time researchers had studied the effectiveness of such driver's license laws, which have generated significant controversy nationally. Opponents have argued that granting licenses to immigrants in the U.S. illegally is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a rhetorical cudgel often wielded by those opposed to offering protection or other forms of help to immigrants in the U.S. illegally, and it frequently relies on a notion that immigrants without legal status are more prone to violence and other forms of delinquency. President Trump has often argued that those opposed to a federal government crackdown on illegal immigration do so at the expense of public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This idea was central to Attorney General Jeff Sessions' announcement last month that the federal government intended to withhold federal funds from cities that adopt so-called sanctuary policies aimed at shielding immigrants in the U.S. illegally. \"These policies,\" he said, \"endanger the lives of every American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"P0M31FodYYpkoIUFrdpyR0eNx8QmzL81\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, research has generally shown that cities that adopt sanctuary policies tend to be safer than those that don't, because immigrants not fearful that a routine interaction with their local police could end in their deportation are more likely to report crimes in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, claims that such policies endanger public safety are common, as they have been surrounding the debate about driver's licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many of the countries from which illegal aliens come, it is not uncommon for motorists involved in accidents to flee the scene,\" the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for immigration restrictions, says on its website, making it \"probable that if more illegal aliens were encouraged to drive by issuing them driver's licenses, it would lead to more accidents caused by uninsured motorists and more would be hit and run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the Stanford researchers said their findings find no evidence for those claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather, our results suggest that, if anything, providing unauthorized immigrants access to driver's licenses reduced their incentives to flee the scene of an accident,\" authors Hans Lueders, Jens Hainmueller and Duncan Lawrence wrote, adding that their findings may help inform the debate over whether other states should grant driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. Twelve states and the District of Columbia already do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the licenses are available to immigrants who cannot prove they are legal residents of the U.S. Though markings on the ID card indicate to police that it is one of these special licenses, the 2013 law that approved them also prohibits police from reporting license holders to immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest that, \"consequently, unauthorized immigrants with a valid form of in-state driving authorization have weaker incentives to flee the scene after an accident, because they are less likely to fear deportation.\" Their study also found that the license law did not increase the number of traffic accidents overall, as opponents had claimed it would. It did not decrease the number either. But the decline in hit-and-run accidents was a positive sign, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the findings suggest that providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants led to improved traffic safety,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers at Stanford University this week published a \u003ca href=\"https://iriss.stanford.edu/news/authorized-drive\" target=\"_blank\">study \u003c/a>that may bolster the argument that policies aimed at encouraging immigrants to come out of the shadows actually improve public safety. They found that a 2013 California law that granted driver's licenses to immigrants in the country illegally reduced hit-and-run accidents by 7 to 10 percent in 2015, meaning roughly 4,000 fewer hit-and-runs. In that same year, 600,000 people got driver's licenses under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time researchers had studied the effectiveness of such driver's license laws, which have generated significant controversy nationally. Opponents have argued that granting licenses to immigrants in the U.S. illegally is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a rhetorical cudgel often wielded by those opposed to offering protection or other forms of help to immigrants in the U.S. illegally, and it frequently relies on a notion that immigrants without legal status are more prone to violence and other forms of delinquency. President Trump has often argued that those opposed to a federal government crackdown on illegal immigration do so at the expense of public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This idea was central to Attorney General Jeff Sessions' announcement last month that the federal government intended to withhold federal funds from cities that adopt so-called sanctuary policies aimed at shielding immigrants in the U.S. illegally. \"These policies,\" he said, \"endanger the lives of every American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, research has generally shown that cities that adopt sanctuary policies tend to be safer than those that don't, because immigrants not fearful that a routine interaction with their local police could end in their deportation are more likely to report crimes in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, claims that such policies endanger public safety are common, as they have been surrounding the debate about driver's licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many of the countries from which illegal aliens come, it is not uncommon for motorists involved in accidents to flee the scene,\" the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for immigration restrictions, says on its website, making it \"probable that if more illegal aliens were encouraged to drive by issuing them driver's licenses, it would lead to more accidents caused by uninsured motorists and more would be hit and run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the Stanford researchers said their findings find no evidence for those claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather, our results suggest that, if anything, providing unauthorized immigrants access to driver's licenses reduced their incentives to flee the scene of an accident,\" authors Hans Lueders, Jens Hainmueller and Duncan Lawrence wrote, adding that their findings may help inform the debate over whether other states should grant driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. Twelve states and the District of Columbia already do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the licenses are available to immigrants who cannot prove they are legal residents of the U.S. Though markings on the ID card indicate to police that it is one of these special licenses, the 2013 law that approved them also prohibits police from reporting license holders to immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest that, \"consequently, unauthorized immigrants with a valid form of in-state driving authorization have weaker incentives to flee the scene after an accident, because they are less likely to fear deportation.\" Their study also found that the license law did not increase the number of traffic accidents overall, as opponents had claimed it would. It did not decrease the number either. But the decline in hit-and-run accidents was a positive sign, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the findings suggest that providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants led to improved traffic safety,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study shows international students applied to the University of California last year in far fewer numbers than they did over the 12 previous years, and the decline coincides with the election of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2opCtg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The San Francisco Chronicle reports\u003c/a> the dip follows more than a decade in which the number of international applications rose by an average of 21 percent a year, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aacrao.org/docs/default-source/TrendTopic/Immigration/intl-survey-results-released.pdf?sfvrsn=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the study by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC’s application deadline for fall 2017 admissions was Nov. 30 and Trump was elected Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications from Mexico plunged by 30 percent. And countries with large populations of Muslims sent in 10 percent fewer applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper reports that the last time foreign undergraduates shied away from UC, the United States had just led a multinational invasion of Iraq. The war coincided with a plunge in international interest in UC campuses and other American universities in 2004 and 2005. Similar enrollment decreases were not seen even in the wake of post-9/11 security crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new survey of 261 colleges and universities shows that nearly 40 percent of those schools reported a drop in international applications of at least 2 percent, with the greatest decrease from countries in the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The perception is that this administration wants to keep these students out,” said Melanie Gottlieb, the association’s deputy director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admissions officers reported that would-be applicants expressed concerns about “negative rhetoric around the Muslim faith, and immigration changes — even before the (aborted) travel ban” from Muslim-majority countries, Gottlieb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Education Department did not immediately respond to email and phone messages left Monday seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some campuses saw drops in international applications, there were increases at seven UC campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis, for example, saw a 3 percent increase for next fall, although that compared with 21 percent for last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The UC brand remains very strong” among international students, said Stephen Handel, the university’s associate vice president for undergraduate admissions, who said he wasn’t sure why international applications dipped this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to tell at this point,” he said. “Of course, the national dialogue (about immigration) is out there. Students around the world read the newspaper. But there are other things in play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/05/uc-system-proposes-first-tuition-increase-in-6-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">price might also be a factor\u003c/a>. UC recently increased the fee out-of-state residents pay by 5 percent, raising annual tuition to $41,964 beginning this summer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study shows international students applied to the University of California last year in far fewer numbers than they did over the 12 previous years, and the decline coincides with the election of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2opCtg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The San Francisco Chronicle reports\u003c/a> the dip follows more than a decade in which the number of international applications rose by an average of 21 percent a year, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aacrao.org/docs/default-source/TrendTopic/Immigration/intl-survey-results-released.pdf?sfvrsn=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the study by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC’s application deadline for fall 2017 admissions was Nov. 30 and Trump was elected Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications from Mexico plunged by 30 percent. And countries with large populations of Muslims sent in 10 percent fewer applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper reports that the last time foreign undergraduates shied away from UC, the United States had just led a multinational invasion of Iraq. The war coincided with a plunge in international interest in UC campuses and other American universities in 2004 and 2005. Similar enrollment decreases were not seen even in the wake of post-9/11 security crackdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new survey of 261 colleges and universities shows that nearly 40 percent of those schools reported a drop in international applications of at least 2 percent, with the greatest decrease from countries in the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The perception is that this administration wants to keep these students out,” said Melanie Gottlieb, the association’s deputy director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admissions officers reported that would-be applicants expressed concerns about “negative rhetoric around the Muslim faith, and immigration changes — even before the (aborted) travel ban” from Muslim-majority countries, Gottlieb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Education Department did not immediately respond to email and phone messages left Monday seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some campuses saw drops in international applications, there were increases at seven UC campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis, for example, saw a 3 percent increase for next fall, although that compared with 21 percent for last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The UC brand remains very strong” among international students, said Stephen Handel, the university’s associate vice president for undergraduate admissions, who said he wasn’t sure why international applications dipped this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to tell at this point,” he said. “Of course, the national dialogue (about immigration) is out there. Students around the world read the newspaper. But there are other things in play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/05/uc-system-proposes-first-tuition-increase-in-6-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">price might also be a factor\u003c/a>. UC recently increased the fee out-of-state residents pay by 5 percent, raising annual tuition to $41,964 beginning this summer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>In honor of Cesar Chavez Day, the\u003ca href=\"https://library.fresnostate.edu/about\"> Henry Madden Library\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno partnered with \u003ca href=\"http://www.storycorps.org/\" target=\"_blank\">StoryCorps\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostatenews.com/2016/02/11/madden-library-partners-with-storycorps-to-record-stories-of-area-latino-families/\" target=\"_blank\">record and preserve\u003c/a> the stories of Latino families in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’re airing excerpts of some of those conversations on \u003c/em>The California Report Magazine. \u003cem>In this one, Olga Jimenez tells her husband, Manuel, about the fear she had of the Border Patrol as a child, and the sacrifices she has made for her family. Listen to the full conversation below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/03/2017-03-31e-tcrmag.mp3\" title=\"Stories of San Joaquin Valley's Latino families” program=\"The California Report Magazine\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24817_Manuel_Jiminez_and_Olga_Jiminez_01-qut-1180x787.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga Jimenez was born in Pharr, Texas, on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"P-h-a-r-r,\" Olga spells out for her husband, Manuel. \"And it was far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga says her family lived in a field of hay, and she remembers her mother's warnings to stay quiet when \u003cem>la migra\u003c/em>, or the border patrol, was around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't know what the \u003cem>migra \u003c/em>was, but if my mom said to be very quiet, we listened,\" says Olga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her large family eventually moved to Woodlake, California, to work in the fields, and in 1970 she married Manuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga had plans to go to Fresno State for school, but those plans changed when her first son was born in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I had been a caretaker all my life,\" Olga says. \"I had one child on my hip throughout my life, and it was a very easy role for me to take on.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel also dropped out of school, but he eventually returned to Fresno State while Olga went to work packing oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel Jimenez went on to become a successful farm adviser for the University of California, helping small farmers and pioneering crops like \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R606231630/c\">blueberries and mangos in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"You were much smarter than I,\" Manuel tells Olga. \"You're a better student than I ever was, but you gave that up for your family.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Manuel and Olga together planted a remarkable \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/bravo-lake-botanical-garden-v.html\">public botanical garden\u003c/a> in the farmworker town of Woodlake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The project was co-sponsored by the California State University, Fresno Office of the President, the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Social Sciences and Valley Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>In honor of Cesar Chavez Day, the\u003ca href=\"https://library.fresnostate.edu/about\"> Henry Madden Library\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno partnered with \u003ca href=\"http://www.storycorps.org/\" target=\"_blank\">StoryCorps\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostatenews.com/2016/02/11/madden-library-partners-with-storycorps-to-record-stories-of-area-latino-families/\" target=\"_blank\">record and preserve\u003c/a> the stories of Latino families in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’re airing excerpts of some of those conversations on \u003c/em>The California Report Magazine. \u003cem>In this one, Olga Jimenez tells her husband, Manuel, about the fear she had of the Border Patrol as a child, and the sacrifices she has made for her family. Listen to the full conversation below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga Jimenez was born in Pharr, Texas, on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"P-h-a-r-r,\" Olga spells out for her husband, Manuel. \"And it was far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga says her family lived in a field of hay, and she remembers her mother's warnings to stay quiet when \u003cem>la migra\u003c/em>, or the border patrol, was around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't know what the \u003cem>migra \u003c/em>was, but if my mom said to be very quiet, we listened,\" says Olga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her large family eventually moved to Woodlake, California, to work in the fields, and in 1970 she married Manuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olga had plans to go to Fresno State for school, but those plans changed when her first son was born in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I had been a caretaker all my life,\" Olga says. \"I had one child on my hip throughout my life, and it was a very easy role for me to take on.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel also dropped out of school, but he eventually returned to Fresno State while Olga went to work packing oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel Jimenez went on to become a successful farm adviser for the University of California, helping small farmers and pioneering crops like \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R606231630/c\">blueberries and mangos in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"You were much smarter than I,\" Manuel tells Olga. \"You're a better student than I ever was, but you gave that up for your family.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Manuel and Olga together planted a remarkable \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/bravo-lake-botanical-garden-v.html\">public botanical garden\u003c/a> in the farmworker town of Woodlake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The project was co-sponsored by the California State University, Fresno Office of the President, the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Social Sciences and Valley Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elizabeth Villanueva is a Spanish teacher at\u003ca href=\"http://lutherburbank.scusd.edu/\"> Luther Burbank High School \u003c/a>in Sacramento. She grew up in Mexico and is now a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But her mother crossed the border illegally, which is why this teacher identifies with so many of her students who come from undocumented families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are me, and I am them,” says Villanueva. “I see myself in them. That’s why I want to provide more as a teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11389805\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11389805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Elizabeth Villanueva speaks to her Spanish class at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-800x742.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-240x223.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-375x348.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-520x482.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher.jpg 952w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Villanueva speaks to her Spanish class at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past several years, Villanueva has been helping undocumented families find resources and connect with immigration attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President Trump took office and threatened to ramp up deportations, she says her network of immigration attorneys didn’t offer much hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized I had to create a safe place for students in my own classroom so they can be themselves, open up, and be who they are,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Villanueva and many other teachers were thankful when \u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Unified\u003c/a> declared itself a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/safe-haven-district\" target=\"_blank\"> “safe haven”\u003c/a> in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinction means Sacramento public schools will not cooperate with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>, also known as ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60 other California school districts have made a similar pledge — an action that has been supported and encouraged by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr16/yr16rel87.asp\" target=\"_blank\">State Schools Superintendent Tom Torlakson.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385510\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Sacramento Unified School Districts has declared itself a 'safe haven' for its immigrant families. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento Unified School Districts has declared itself a ‘safe haven’ for its immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teachers and principals, however, know they can only do so much. Many parents worry about what might happen before or after the school bell rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a perfect world, we would be able to surround all of our students and families in a bubble,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/board-member/jessie-ryan\" target=\"_blank\">Jessie Ryan\u003c/a>, Sacramento Unified’s school board vice president, who spearheaded the district’s safe haven campaign. “But we only have control over our space and the confines of our school day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there are limitations, Sacramento Unified — and districts across the state — are now having some very uncomfortable conversations about the worst-case scenario: How schools can support children whose families are deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-immigration-school-20170303-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">recent high-profile case\u003c/a> in Los Angeles underscores that reality, when ICE arrested an undocumented father taking his daughter to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a contentious town hall forum in Sacramento,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/leadership\" target=\"_blank\"> ICE Acting Director Tom Homan\u003c/a> maintained the agency’s top priority is still deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has a policy of avoiding\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\"> “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> like schools, churches and hospitals. However, ICE agents can still legally go on a campus if they have orders to arrest someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I don’t want children not going to school.’\u003ccite>ICE acting director Tom Homan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Homan realizes some families are keeping kids at home out of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want children not going to school,” Homan told the angry crowd. “I understand immigration enforcement is a very emotional topic … but we’re law enforcement officers that take a solemn oath to enforce the laws of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Civil Liberties Union of California\u003c/a> say schools have more power than they think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if federal immigration agents do step on campus, they must have a warrant to pull a student or parent from school. They also must have a subpoena if they want student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"More than 300 people recently attended a rowdy town hall forum in Sacramento where the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement was criticized for his agency's operations. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 300 people recently attended a rowdy town hall forum in Sacramento, where the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement was criticized for his agency’s operations. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even then, school leaders can challenge those legal documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools have an obligation to their students,” says Sylvia Torres-Guillen, director of education policy with the ACLU of Southern California. “Parents should not feel there is any danger in sending their children to school, because there are rules federal enforcement officials must follow before doing anything potentially harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU is now pushing school districts to adopt policies that spell out what schools can and cannot do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, civil rights lawyers\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/28/70262/here-s-how-some-california-school-districts-collec/\" target=\"_blank\"> identified 75 California school districts\u003c/a> that were collecting information about the legal status of their students — something that is prohibited under law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Sacramento Unified is doing what it can to ease fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawn signs and banners with the slogan “Safe Haven: ALL are welcome here” now greet visitors at every Sacramento campus. School buses also have window stickers. And \u003ca href=\"https://unitedwedream.org/thank-deportation-defense-card-handy-phone/\">pocket-size pamphlets\u003c/a> have been sent home spelling out the rights of immigrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials are holding confidential meetings with parents to encourage them to send their children to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felix, a 15-year-old student, says he now feels safer on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was born here but other family members are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if something bad were to happen, I know I can come here and my teachers would support me and help me through it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elizabeth Villanueva is a Spanish teacher at\u003ca href=\"http://lutherburbank.scusd.edu/\"> Luther Burbank High School \u003c/a>in Sacramento. She grew up in Mexico and is now a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But her mother crossed the border illegally, which is why this teacher identifies with so many of her students who come from undocumented families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are me, and I am them,” says Villanueva. “I see myself in them. That’s why I want to provide more as a teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11389805\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11389805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Elizabeth Villanueva speaks to her Spanish class at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-800x742.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-240x223.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-375x348.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher-520x482.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/teacher.jpg 952w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Villanueva speaks to her Spanish class at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past several years, Villanueva has been helping undocumented families find resources and connect with immigration attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President Trump took office and threatened to ramp up deportations, she says her network of immigration attorneys didn’t offer much hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized I had to create a safe place for students in my own classroom so they can be themselves, open up, and be who they are,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Villanueva and many other teachers were thankful when \u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Unified\u003c/a> declared itself a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/safe-haven-district\" target=\"_blank\"> “safe haven”\u003c/a> in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinction means Sacramento public schools will not cooperate with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>, also known as ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60 other California school districts have made a similar pledge — an action that has been supported and encouraged by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr16/yr16rel87.asp\" target=\"_blank\">State Schools Superintendent Tom Torlakson.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385510\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Sacramento Unified School Districts has declared itself a 'safe haven' for its immigrant families. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Sign-1-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento Unified School Districts has declared itself a ‘safe haven’ for its immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teachers and principals, however, know they can only do so much. Many parents worry about what might happen before or after the school bell rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a perfect world, we would be able to surround all of our students and families in a bubble,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/board-member/jessie-ryan\" target=\"_blank\">Jessie Ryan\u003c/a>, Sacramento Unified’s school board vice president, who spearheaded the district’s safe haven campaign. “But we only have control over our space and the confines of our school day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there are limitations, Sacramento Unified — and districts across the state — are now having some very uncomfortable conversations about the worst-case scenario: How schools can support children whose families are deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-immigration-school-20170303-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">recent high-profile case\u003c/a> in Los Angeles underscores that reality, when ICE arrested an undocumented father taking his daughter to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a contentious town hall forum in Sacramento,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/leadership\" target=\"_blank\"> ICE Acting Director Tom Homan\u003c/a> maintained the agency’s top priority is still deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has a policy of avoiding\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\"> “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> like schools, churches and hospitals. However, ICE agents can still legally go on a campus if they have orders to arrest someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I don’t want children not going to school.’\u003ccite>ICE acting director Tom Homan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Homan realizes some families are keeping kids at home out of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want children not going to school,” Homan told the angry crowd. “I understand immigration enforcement is a very emotional topic … but we’re law enforcement officers that take a solemn oath to enforce the laws of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Civil Liberties Union of California\u003c/a> say schools have more power than they think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if federal immigration agents do step on campus, they must have a warrant to pull a student or parent from school. They also must have a subpoena if they want student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11385511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"More than 300 people recently attended a rowdy town hall forum in Sacramento where the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement was criticized for his agency's operations. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Safe-Haven-9-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 300 people recently attended a rowdy town hall forum in Sacramento, where the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement was criticized for his agency’s operations. \u003ccite>(Ana Tintocalis/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even then, school leaders can challenge those legal documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools have an obligation to their students,” says Sylvia Torres-Guillen, director of education policy with the ACLU of Southern California. “Parents should not feel there is any danger in sending their children to school, because there are rules federal enforcement officials must follow before doing anything potentially harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU is now pushing school districts to adopt policies that spell out what schools can and cannot do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, civil rights lawyers\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/28/70262/here-s-how-some-california-school-districts-collec/\" target=\"_blank\"> identified 75 California school districts\u003c/a> that were collecting information about the legal status of their students — something that is prohibited under law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Sacramento Unified is doing what it can to ease fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawn signs and banners with the slogan “Safe Haven: ALL are welcome here” now greet visitors at every Sacramento campus. School buses also have window stickers. And \u003ca href=\"https://unitedwedream.org/thank-deportation-defense-card-handy-phone/\">pocket-size pamphlets\u003c/a> have been sent home spelling out the rights of immigrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials are holding confidential meetings with parents to encourage them to send their children to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felix, a 15-year-old student, says he now feels safer on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was born here but other family members are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if something bad were to happen, I know I can come here and my teachers would support me and help me through it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two Immigrant Stories, Two Vastly Different Views on Immigration",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For a new series we’re calling \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/start-the-conversation/\" target=\"_blank\">Start the Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, we listen in on pairs of Californians who have very different opinions on issues, but who also want to find common ground.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>They’re civil dialogues, not debates — and we hope they’re a way to try to bridge some of the big divides between us in this politically charged time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iliana Perez and Mario Herrera both have firsthand experience with the U.S. immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez was born in Hidalgo, Mexico, about 50 miles north of Mexico City. She came to the United States with her parents and younger brother in 1995 when she was eight years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9YEUGLkYrg43CGPSW444M4hmGeoTsSpG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came on tourist visas, but when the visa expired, Perez and her family stayed, joining the ranks of undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then she has become a Dreamer -- one of the hundreds of thousands of people who were brought to this country illegally as children and are now protected under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's used that protection to its fullest -- she has a master's in economics, is working on a PhD in education policy and does immigration and advocacy work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My entire life has been all about finding ways to earn a living and to get access to higher education within the confinements of being undocumented,\" Perez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/03/2017-03-31c-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Mario-and-Iliana-STC-800x600.jpg\" Title=\"Two Immigrant Stories, Two Views on Immigration\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera was born in Corona, California, not long after his mother immigrated legally from Mexico. He says she spent 15 years trying to become a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got to see my mom spend thousands of dollars on immigration lawyers that don't really do anything other than set out the paperwork and take your money,\" Herrera says. \"It's a broken system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent six years in the Marine Corps before going to school in Riverside. He then found his way into local Republican politics as an elected member of the Republican Party Central Committee and consulting with various Republican legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially backing Marco Rubio for the Republican presidential nomination, he became a staunch Trump supporter, serving as delegate to the Republican National Convention and attending the inauguration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera and Perez have very different views on U.S. immigration policy, but they agreed to sit down and talk with each other about their thoughts as part of our \"Start the Conversation\" series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights from that conversation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to solve the immigration issue:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Herrera: I would like to see more border security implemented, I would like to see a vetting process take place, and I would like to see somewhat of a merit system be put in place -- a system that expedites the current immigration system because the reason that people are coming in the shadows is because we have such a messed up immigration process where people would rather come in the shadows rather than fill out the paperwork. So I do think that we need to reform our entire immigration system to make it easier to become a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez: I try to think of a more global perspective in terms of immigration where we need to be able to work with different countries in terms of also helping with economic development. ... Even a vetting process or anything like that will not work because immigration will just continue to occur whether it's undocumented or documented individuals. It's a global perspective that we all need to be thinking about\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the perception of undocumented immigrants:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Perez: I think it's this idea that we're stealing a job. I've heard this even from my own family members. My brother and I are the only undocumented individuals in the family, and we're the only ones that ended up going to college where all my other cousins who were born here and who had the financial resources to go to college didn't. They always thought that I took a space from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera: I have members of my family that are undocumented. In my opinion, just because I'm related to them doesn't make their situation any better. I still think they should have gone through a specific process. ... I really do think Iliana is by far the biggest exception I've ever seen. You're very articulate, you're very intelligent. You are definitely an exception. I'm confident that if anybody had a perception of illegal immigrants if they were to meet you that you would not be the person they would think [of].\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On President Trump:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Herrera: I don't think it's a secret here that I'm a staunch Trump supporter. I went to the inauguration. I was a delegate for the RNC. I guess you could say I drank the Kool-Aid. ... In his speeches, he talks about the criminal aspect of illegal immigration, but then afterwards he starts going onto 'We need to make it easier to become a citizen so people don't come into the shadows.' You never hear that in the media, and I think that's kind of what's helped create this polarizing climate that we have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez: One of the most infuriating things regardless of political parties is the fact that Trump continues to create this idea of illegal immigrants just being these horrible individuals. I think that the media also contributes to disseminating the stereotypes about individuals, and it divides societies. That's how we get to a point where human rights just are not considered.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera was born in Corona, California, not long after his mother immigrated legally from Mexico. He says she spent 15 years trying to become a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got to see my mom spend thousands of dollars on immigration lawyers that don't really do anything other than set out the paperwork and take your money,\" Herrera says. \"It's a broken system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent six years in the Marine Corps before going to school in Riverside. He then found his way into local Republican politics as an elected member of the Republican Party Central Committee and consulting with various Republican legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially backing Marco Rubio for the Republican presidential nomination, he became a staunch Trump supporter, serving as delegate to the Republican National Convention and attending the inauguration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera and Perez have very different views on U.S. immigration policy, but they agreed to sit down and talk with each other about their thoughts as part of our \"Start the Conversation\" series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights from that conversation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to solve the immigration issue:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Herrera: I would like to see more border security implemented, I would like to see a vetting process take place, and I would like to see somewhat of a merit system be put in place -- a system that expedites the current immigration system because the reason that people are coming in the shadows is because we have such a messed up immigration process where people would rather come in the shadows rather than fill out the paperwork. So I do think that we need to reform our entire immigration system to make it easier to become a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez: I try to think of a more global perspective in terms of immigration where we need to be able to work with different countries in terms of also helping with economic development. ... Even a vetting process or anything like that will not work because immigration will just continue to occur whether it's undocumented or documented individuals. It's a global perspective that we all need to be thinking about\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the perception of undocumented immigrants:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Perez: I think it's this idea that we're stealing a job. I've heard this even from my own family members. My brother and I are the only undocumented individuals in the family, and we're the only ones that ended up going to college where all my other cousins who were born here and who had the financial resources to go to college didn't. They always thought that I took a space from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera: I have members of my family that are undocumented. In my opinion, just because I'm related to them doesn't make their situation any better. I still think they should have gone through a specific process. ... I really do think Iliana is by far the biggest exception I've ever seen. You're very articulate, you're very intelligent. You are definitely an exception. I'm confident that if anybody had a perception of illegal immigrants if they were to meet you that you would not be the person they would think [of].\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On President Trump:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Herrera: I don't think it's a secret here that I'm a staunch Trump supporter. I went to the inauguration. I was a delegate for the RNC. I guess you could say I drank the Kool-Aid. ... In his speeches, he talks about the criminal aspect of illegal immigration, but then afterwards he starts going onto 'We need to make it easier to become a citizen so people don't come into the shadows.' You never hear that in the media, and I think that's kind of what's helped create this polarizing climate that we have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez: One of the most infuriating things regardless of political parties is the fact that Trump continues to create this idea of illegal immigrants just being these horrible individuals. I think that the media also contributes to disseminating the stereotypes about individuals, and it divides societies. That's how we get to a point where human rights just are not considered.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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