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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly half of more than 296,000 home loans issued in California in 2015 went to white homebuyers, while African-Americans secured just 3 percent, according to federal mortgage data analyzed by a Bay Area policy group focused on diversity and equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/publications/2017/state-of-gentrification-lending-to-people-of-color-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> report by The Greenlining Institute, based in Oakland, \u003c/a>and National Community Reinvestment Coalition studied mortgages issued statewide and found communities of color in California, such as Latinos and African-Americans, don’t get home loans at the rates that whites do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Homeownership continues to be the most powerful way for families to build intergenerational wealth, and we see it as crucial to closing the racial wealth gap,” said Vedika Ahuja, lead author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 296,757 home purchase loans issued in California, 48.5 percent went to white homebuyers, according to the report. Latinos got 21.2 percent of the home loans issued, and African-Americans secured just 3 percent despite making up about 6 percent of the state’s population. Asians were able to get 15 percent of the home loans in 2015, slightly more than their total state population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report looked specifically at home lending in Oakland, Fresno and Long Beach, ethnically diverse cities with low-income residents -- and cities that are undergoing gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, only 7 percent of the home loans in 2015 went to black households despite African-Americans making up 28 percent of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It starts to reflect, what is kind of stirring but the words are not really said, which is that there is still institutional and systemic racism,” said Nikki Beasley, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondchamber.info/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services\u003c/a>, a group that helps low-income families get into home ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low rates of home ownership among African-Americans date back to the\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/04/27/redlining/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “redlining” racial discriminatory mortgage lending practices of the 1930s\u003c/a> that denied black homebuyers financing tools based on race. The Federal Housing Administration, created in 1934, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1934-FHA.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">refused to federally insure mortgages to black people, and even to homebuyers living near black neighborhoods, thereby excluding African-Americans from home ownership and the opportunity to generate personal wealth through real estate.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/supmanual/cch/fair_lend_fhact.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redlining was outlawed in 1968\u003c/a>, but the effects still linger. \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-foreclosures-race/racial-predatory-loans-fueled-u-s-housing-crisis-study-idUSTRE6930K520101004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Predatory lending targeting African-Americans\u003c/a> with ballooning mortgages helped cause the 2008 housing market crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/28/oakland-accuses-wells-fargo-of-steering-blacks-and-latinos-toward-bad-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland sued Wells Fargo in 2015\u003c/a>, accusing the Bay Area-based bank of targeting African-American and Latino residents with more expensive loans that caused many to lose their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The predatory practice of targeting people of color with subprime and unaffordable mortgages leading up to the Great Recession -- we term that reverse redlining,” Ahuja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report shows that five of the top 10 home loan lenders in California were non-banks. In Fresno, where Latinos were 47 percent of the population in 2015, nine out of the top 10 home loan lenders were non-traditional bank institutions. Beasley said online lenders are a great second resource for homebuyers, but their mortgage packages can come with hefty fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a great job, but it’s an expensive loan to get, and we really need to make sure we have leveraged all other possibilities before taking them there because it’s expensive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie Wiggins, 54, lost her home in the 2008 crash and has been renting in the Bay Area since then. She’s now living in Alameda. About four years ago, Wiggins was financially ready to get back into the housing market but couldn’t qualify for a loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always getting ruled out or put in some sort of lottery,\" Wiggins said. “It just felt very iffy -- very chancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiggins, a single mother who is African-American, said there were many barriers. She was told her student debt-to-income ratio was too high or that she didn’t live in the right area to qualify for a certain program. She had almost given up on trying to get a home loan until she and her sister attended a housing fair and met Beasley in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiggins was pre-approved for a loan and has her eye on a house in Solano County. It’s far from where she lives now and is about an hour commute to her job in Contra Costa County. But Wiggins said it’s spacious, new and in a safe community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having the opportunity to own a home and build personal wealth is still helping my community,” she said. “I’m far but not that far, and I could still commute in an hour, and still go see people and participate in an event.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, only 7 percent of the home loans in 2015 went to black households despite African-Americans making up 28 percent of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It starts to reflect, what is kind of stirring but the words are not really said, which is that there is still institutional and systemic racism,” said Nikki Beasley, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondchamber.info/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services\u003c/a>, a group that helps low-income families get into home ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low rates of home ownership among African-Americans date back to the\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/04/27/redlining/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “redlining” racial discriminatory mortgage lending practices of the 1930s\u003c/a> that denied black homebuyers financing tools based on race. The Federal Housing Administration, created in 1934, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1934-FHA.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">refused to federally insure mortgages to black people, and even to homebuyers living near black neighborhoods, thereby excluding African-Americans from home ownership and the opportunity to generate personal wealth through real estate.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/supmanual/cch/fair_lend_fhact.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redlining was outlawed in 1968\u003c/a>, but the effects still linger. \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-foreclosures-race/racial-predatory-loans-fueled-u-s-housing-crisis-study-idUSTRE6930K520101004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Predatory lending targeting African-Americans\u003c/a> with ballooning mortgages helped cause the 2008 housing market crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/28/oakland-accuses-wells-fargo-of-steering-blacks-and-latinos-toward-bad-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland sued Wells Fargo in 2015\u003c/a>, accusing the Bay Area-based bank of targeting African-American and Latino residents with more expensive loans that caused many to lose their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The predatory practice of targeting people of color with subprime and unaffordable mortgages leading up to the Great Recession -- we term that reverse redlining,” Ahuja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report shows that five of the top 10 home loan lenders in California were non-banks. In Fresno, where Latinos were 47 percent of the population in 2015, nine out of the top 10 home loan lenders were non-traditional bank institutions. Beasley said online lenders are a great second resource for homebuyers, but their mortgage packages can come with hefty fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a great job, but it’s an expensive loan to get, and we really need to make sure we have leveraged all other possibilities before taking them there because it’s expensive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie Wiggins, 54, lost her home in the 2008 crash and has been renting in the Bay Area since then. She’s now living in Alameda. About four years ago, Wiggins was financially ready to get back into the housing market but couldn’t qualify for a loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always getting ruled out or put in some sort of lottery,\" Wiggins said. “It just felt very iffy -- very chancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiggins, a single mother who is African-American, said there were many barriers. She was told her student debt-to-income ratio was too high or that she didn’t live in the right area to qualify for a certain program. She had almost given up on trying to get a home loan until she and her sister attended a housing fair and met Beasley in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiggins was pre-approved for a loan and has her eye on a house in Solano County. It’s far from where she lives now and is about an hour commute to her job in Contra Costa County. But Wiggins said it’s spacious, new and in a safe community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having the opportunity to own a home and build personal wealth is still helping my community,” she said. “I’m far but not that far, and I could still commute in an hour, and still go see people and participate in an event.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s not just recreational marijuana. Hundreds of new laws are set to take effect in California in January. Here are some of the most important measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Housing\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Fee to fund affordable housing\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: California homeowners will pay a new $75 fee on each document of a real estate transaction, such as a mortgage refinance or the redemption of a foreclosed home. The total fee is capped at $225 and does not include home purchases. In 2018, half of the funds (estimated at $200 to $300 million annually) will be used to address homelessness, with the other half going to local governments for the purpose of updating zoning and environmental reviews to streamline housing production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Rules to boost housing construction\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Developments in cities that have not kept up with their benchmarks for approving new housing will be able to bypass certain local reviews. Other measures require cities to \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB166\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">replace lost housing units\u003c/a>, and punish municipalities if they deny certain projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Criminal Justice\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB190\">\u003cstrong>No more juvenile fees\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Counties are barred from collecting administrative fees from families with kids in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Miranda rights protections for youth\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Kids 15 and younger must consult with legal counsel before they choose to waive their right to silence during interrogation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Reduction of drug sentence enhancements\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Eliminates a three-year sentencing enhancement that was previously tacked onto nonviolent drug crimes for repeat offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1312\">\u003cstrong>Preserving rape kits\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Prohibits law enforcement agencies from destroying rape kits or other evidence from unsolved sexual assault cases for at least 20 years. If the victim was under 18 at the time of the crime, the evidence must be preserved until the victim’s 40th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Immigration\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>‘Sanctuary State’\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> : Local law enforcement will be limited in its ability to cooperate with federal immigration. Sheriffs can’t hold immigrants past their release date on behalf of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and can communicate with ICE only regarding certain criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Local detention of immigrants\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Local governments will be blocked from entering into or expanding existing contracts with the federal government to hold immigrant detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Guns\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB424\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">No guns on campus\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: Bars public or private K-12 schools from allowing visitors to bring a gun into a school zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_63,_Background_Checks_for_Ammunition_Purchases_and_Large-Capacity_Ammunition_Magazine_Ban_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Gun relinquishment procedures\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: A result of the passage of Proposition 63 in 2016, a system taking effect Jan. 1 establishes a timeline for certain criminals to give up their weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Labor\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB63\">\u003cstrong>Expanded job-protected maternity and paternity\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>leave\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> Companies with 20 to 49 employees must now provide 12 weeks of unpaid job-protected leave for new parents. Previously the law applied only to companies with 50 or more employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB168\">\u003cstrong>Limits use of previous salary information\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Prohibits all employers from seeking a salary history for job applicants and requires employers to provide applicants with the position’s pay scale if they ask for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1008\">\u003cstrong>Ban the box\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Bans most companies from asking about a prospective employee’s criminal history on their initial application. The measure has an exemption for small businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Health\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB17\">\u003cstrong>Providing information on prescription drug costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: This bill takes effect in several stages. Beginning Jan. 1, 2018, pharmaceutical companies are required to give advance notice before raising the price of drugs more than 16 percent. Drug companies have filed a lawsuit over the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB10\">\u003cstrong>Providing free tampons and pads to school students\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Middle and high schools with low-income student populations must provide free tampons and menstrual pads in their restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Congress \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2oXQp2D\">passed a $1.5 trillion tax cut bill\u003c/a> on Wednesday that includes provisions that will \u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2017/12/20/16801772/gop-tax-bill-feinstein-mortgate-deduction\">hit Bay Area homeowners harder\u003c/a> than people who live in more affordable parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican bill capped existing mortgage interest tax breaks at $750,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That loan amount will buy you a palatial estate in most of the country, but won’t get you very far in much of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A provision that will likely have an even greater impact on California and other states with higher home values is the $10,000 cap placed on the state, local and property tax deduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Congress \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2oXQp2D\">passed a $1.5 trillion tax cut bill\u003c/a> on Wednesday that includes provisions that will \u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2017/12/20/16801772/gop-tax-bill-feinstein-mortgate-deduction\">hit Bay Area homeowners harder\u003c/a> than people who live in more affordable parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican bill capped existing mortgage interest tax breaks at $750,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That loan amount will buy you a palatial estate in most of the country, but won’t get you very far in much of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A provision that will likely have an even greater impact on California and other states with higher home values is the $10,000 cap placed on the state, local and property tax deduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In San Francisco’s Mission District, there is a dirt lot that stands out from the many vacant properties scattered throughout the city. In the gated parking lot behind \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.impacthub.net/\">Impact Hub SF\u003c/a>, a co-working and event space at 15th and Mission streets, two colorful 5-by-8-foot structures fill the otherwise empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny homes are “transitional shelters,” the start of a program aimed at helping to house the city’s growing homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11638198 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two of Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge’s “transitional shelters,” hosted in the parking lot behind Impact Hub SF in the Mission District. \u003ccite>(Arash Malakzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past four months, Couper Orona, a 44-year-old retired firefighter, has taken refuge in one of the small wooden dwellings as part of the Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge’s (SFHC) \u003ca href=\"http://www.saintfrancischallenge.org/transitionalsleepandstorage/\">Transitional Sleep and Storage Shelter pilot program\u003c/a>. Orona moved into the unit after living in tent encampments and leaving the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs-sf.org/programs/navcenter.html\">Navigation Center\u003c/a>, which limited her stay to 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sturdy and strong,” Orona says. “It gives me stability, it gives me security.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new program affords her basic housing — a roof over her head, a bed to sleep in and a secure place to keep her possessions — allowing her to work and stay indefinitely while pursuing more permanent housing options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2017SanFrancisco-PIT-FINAL.pdf\">Homeless Count and Survey\u003c/a>, 3,134 people currently live outdoors in San Francisco. The city spends nearly $30 million responding to encampments. Amy Farah Weiss founded the nonprofit SFHC in response to the city’s growing number of tent encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wasn’t enough being done to treat the encampment crisis like a true crisis,” Weiss says. “So we’re addressing those real needs of people needing a place to sleep and store their belongings. People need a place to go to the bathroom and collect trash, today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss imagines a future where tiny villages of transitional shelters, like this first one, will be integrated into San Francisco neighborhoods with the most encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Weiss, the current pilot program is a community effort involving a neighborhood integration team and a site-specific agreement with Impact Hub SF, which agreed to have transitional homes on their property and offered Orona free use of their entire facility — including a kitchen, shower and restrooms inside the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors accepted me wholeheartedly,” Orona says. “It felt good to belong to normal society again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11638197 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Couper Orona sits on her bed in her 5-by-8-foot transitional shelter. \u003ccite>(Arash Malakzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lisa Haut lives in a condo overlooking the transitional shelters. She joined SFHC as part of Orona’s neighborhood integration team, providing such things as emotional support and accompaniment to appointments around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haut was initially involved with a separate initiative to help clean up the neighborhood and remove nearby encampments, but shifted her mission when joining the SFHC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to want to enhance the neighborhood. It’s another thing to kick people out that have no place to go,” Haut says. “So I ended up joining Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge to try to provide a sense of community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transitional shelter pilot program is the beginning of a larger model that Weiss envisions scaling up to 50 transitional villages. If the program receives enough political support, she believes the project could house 1,000 people in transitional shelters complete with support services at an estimated cost of $8.7 million. However, the program depends on the participation of residents, local businesses and the city to host the shelters on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a backyard that’s underutilized. We can give the space,” says Impact Hub community experience manager Brandon Harrell Roybal about his arrangement with the SFHC. “It takes the willingness to see someone else’s struggle and want to help them along that journey, given the resources that you have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has yet to sanction any homeless camp proposals or microshelter projects, but for now, Orona hopes her involvement is a step in solving the city’s homelessness crisis as the program’s first “resident-in-transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever I do … is going to be nothing but positive and something that is going to be amazing,” Orona says. “All I know is that I am smiling now because I’ll be smiling then.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In San Francisco’s Mission District, there is a dirt lot that stands out from the many vacant properties scattered throughout the city. In the gated parking lot behind \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.impacthub.net/\">Impact Hub SF\u003c/a>, a co-working and event space at 15th and Mission streets, two colorful 5-by-8-foot structures fill the otherwise empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tiny homes are “transitional shelters,” the start of a program aimed at helping to house the city’s growing homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11638198 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Tiny-homes-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two of Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge’s “transitional shelters,” hosted in the parking lot behind Impact Hub SF in the Mission District. \u003ccite>(Arash Malakzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past four months, Couper Orona, a 44-year-old retired firefighter, has taken refuge in one of the small wooden dwellings as part of the Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge’s (SFHC) \u003ca href=\"http://www.saintfrancischallenge.org/transitionalsleepandstorage/\">Transitional Sleep and Storage Shelter pilot program\u003c/a>. Orona moved into the unit after living in tent encampments and leaving the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs-sf.org/programs/navcenter.html\">Navigation Center\u003c/a>, which limited her stay to 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sturdy and strong,” Orona says. “It gives me stability, it gives me security.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new program affords her basic housing — a roof over her head, a bed to sleep in and a secure place to keep her possessions — allowing her to work and stay indefinitely while pursuing more permanent housing options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2017SanFrancisco-PIT-FINAL.pdf\">Homeless Count and Survey\u003c/a>, 3,134 people currently live outdoors in San Francisco. The city spends nearly $30 million responding to encampments. Amy Farah Weiss founded the nonprofit SFHC in response to the city’s growing number of tent encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wasn’t enough being done to treat the encampment crisis like a true crisis,” Weiss says. “So we’re addressing those real needs of people needing a place to sleep and store their belongings. People need a place to go to the bathroom and collect trash, today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss imagines a future where tiny villages of transitional shelters, like this first one, will be integrated into San Francisco neighborhoods with the most encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Weiss, the current pilot program is a community effort involving a neighborhood integration team and a site-specific agreement with Impact Hub SF, which agreed to have transitional homes on their property and offered Orona free use of their entire facility — including a kitchen, shower and restrooms inside the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors accepted me wholeheartedly,” Orona says. “It felt good to belong to normal society again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11638197 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Couper-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Couper Orona sits on her bed in her 5-by-8-foot transitional shelter. \u003ccite>(Arash Malakzadeh/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lisa Haut lives in a condo overlooking the transitional shelters. She joined SFHC as part of Orona’s neighborhood integration team, providing such things as emotional support and accompaniment to appointments around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haut was initially involved with a separate initiative to help clean up the neighborhood and remove nearby encampments, but shifted her mission when joining the SFHC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to want to enhance the neighborhood. It’s another thing to kick people out that have no place to go,” Haut says. “So I ended up joining Saint Francis Homelessness Challenge to try to provide a sense of community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transitional shelter pilot program is the beginning of a larger model that Weiss envisions scaling up to 50 transitional villages. If the program receives enough political support, she believes the project could house 1,000 people in transitional shelters complete with support services at an estimated cost of $8.7 million. However, the program depends on the participation of residents, local businesses and the city to host the shelters on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a backyard that’s underutilized. We can give the space,” says Impact Hub community experience manager Brandon Harrell Roybal about his arrangement with the SFHC. “It takes the willingness to see someone else’s struggle and want to help them along that journey, given the resources that you have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has yet to sanction any homeless camp proposals or microshelter projects, but for now, Orona hopes her involvement is a step in solving the city’s homelessness crisis as the program’s first “resident-in-transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever I do … is going to be nothing but positive and something that is going to be amazing,” Orona says. “All I know is that I am smiling now because I’ll be smiling then.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Tree Where Our House Once Stood: Christmas Spirit Survives in Santa Rosa",
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"content": "\u003cp>What was once a crowded row of houses along Hopper Avenue in Santa Rosa is now a vast dirt plain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in empty lot after empty lot, people have put up Christmas trees. Red ribbons and shimmering silver tinsel defy the apocalyptic landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spirit of Christmas isn’t gone, even though the rest of my neighborhood is gone,” said Louis Pell, as he and his 8-year-old daughter, Lilly, staked a 10-foot noble fir in the spot where their front door used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everybody here is the happiest they’ve been in months, doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The working-class neighborhood of Coffey Park was razed by October’s deadly \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>. Pell was born in the house that stood here, and he’s been coming back regularly to visit the ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/12/XmasTreeDembosky.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/12/20/LillyAUd.jpg\" Title=\"A Tree Where Our House Once Stood: Christmas Spirit Survives in Santa Rosa\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, a local disaster response team was in the neighborhood handing out free trees and decorations. Community groups have also hung battery-powered Christmas lights, and organized neighborhood Christmas parties, with sleigh rides and Santa visits. They even hauled in a pile of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids were having snowball fights,” said Kadyn Schumann, director for the community and disaster response team. “It was really magical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not like we can’t ever see our house again. It will always be there. You just can’t see it, but I can feel it.’\u003ccite>8-year-old Lilly Pell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The night the fires broke out in October, flames closed in on Pell’s house from both sides. Lilly and her dad’s girlfriend fled, but her dad stayed behind to help rescue their neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was scary because my dad’s phone was dead,” Lilly remembers. “We didn’t know if he was dead or if he was alive, or if he was hurt or if he wasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell and Lilly have been staying with friends in south Santa Rosa since the fire. Their host put up a tree a couple of weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this one will be ours,” Pell said, “and she gets to decorate it, which is going to be the fun part.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Xmas-tree-truck-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Local disaster response groups gave free Christmas trees and decorations to fire victims in Coffey Park. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pell’s neighbor, Wayne Sims from across the street, comes over with a sledgehammer to help secure the tree. Sims’ house and a few next to his survived the fire. But everything he once saw from his front window is gone. Until now, at night, it was pitch black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty eerie for a while because it was just light enough that you could see all these dead trees. It’s like watching a scary movie,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, for us to have some light here makes a huge difference. You can feel that energy. I love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly hangs one of the glittery blue Christmas balls on a low branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives me happy feelings. I feel like we’re at the staircase again,” she said. “This is where we usually would put our tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell didn’t have insurance, and he can’t afford to rebuild right now. He’s not sure what they’ll do for Christmas. But at some point, he says, they’ll definitely stop by here to visit the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me feel like our house is still standing,” Lilly said. “It’s not like we can’t ever see our house again. It will always be there. You just can’t see it but I can feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Christmas tree stands in front of a home destroyed by October's fires in Santa Rosa. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Christmas tree stands in front of a home destroyed by October’s fires in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Residents of the devastated Coffey Park neighborhood put up decorated trees in the barren lots where their homes burned in October’s deadly fires.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What was once a crowded row of houses along Hopper Avenue in Santa Rosa is now a vast dirt plain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in empty lot after empty lot, people have put up Christmas trees. Red ribbons and shimmering silver tinsel defy the apocalyptic landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spirit of Christmas isn’t gone, even though the rest of my neighborhood is gone,” said Louis Pell, as he and his 8-year-old daughter, Lilly, staked a 10-foot noble fir in the spot where their front door used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everybody here is the happiest they’ve been in months, doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The working-class neighborhood of Coffey Park was razed by October’s deadly \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>. Pell was born in the house that stood here, and he’s been coming back regularly to visit the ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, a local disaster response team was in the neighborhood handing out free trees and decorations. Community groups have also hung battery-powered Christmas lights, and organized neighborhood Christmas parties, with sleigh rides and Santa visits. They even hauled in a pile of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids were having snowball fights,” said Kadyn Schumann, director for the community and disaster response team. “It was really magical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not like we can’t ever see our house again. It will always be there. You just can’t see it, but I can feel it.’\u003ccite>8-year-old Lilly Pell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The night the fires broke out in October, flames closed in on Pell’s house from both sides. Lilly and her dad’s girlfriend fled, but her dad stayed behind to help rescue their neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was scary because my dad’s phone was dead,” Lilly remembers. “We didn’t know if he was dead or if he was alive, or if he was hurt or if he wasn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell and Lilly have been staying with friends in south Santa Rosa since the fire. Their host put up a tree a couple of weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this one will be ours,” Pell said, “and she gets to decorate it, which is going to be the fun part.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Xmas-tree-truck-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Local disaster response groups gave free Christmas trees and decorations to fire victims in Coffey Park. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pell’s neighbor, Wayne Sims from across the street, comes over with a sledgehammer to help secure the tree. Sims’ house and a few next to his survived the fire. But everything he once saw from his front window is gone. Until now, at night, it was pitch black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty eerie for a while because it was just light enough that you could see all these dead trees. It’s like watching a scary movie,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, for us to have some light here makes a huge difference. You can feel that energy. I love it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly hangs one of the glittery blue Christmas balls on a low branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives me happy feelings. I feel like we’re at the staircase again,” she said. “This is where we usually would put our tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell didn’t have insurance, and he can’t afford to rebuild right now. He’s not sure what they’ll do for Christmas. But at some point, he says, they’ll definitely stop by here to visit the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me feel like our house is still standing,” Lilly said. “It’s not like we can’t ever see our house again. It will always be there. You just can’t see it but I can feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Christmas tree stands in front of a home destroyed by October's fires in Santa Rosa. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/SantaRosaTree-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Christmas tree stands in front of a home destroyed by October’s fires in Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses",
"title": "California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”LcSgHwyUrSgeHuT37gDzJJpkuOIgs9wn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream project\u003c/a>, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This fall’s massive, deadly California fires reveal key gaps in policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments, says fire expert Max Moritz.",
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"title": "California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>University of California, Santa Barbara for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream project\u003c/a>, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/colossal-southern-california-fire-now-4th-largest-in-state-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still raging\u003c/a> across parts of Southern California, dozens of schools have been closed. Many will stay that way until the new year. That gives educators valuable time to think about what they can do, when school resumes, to help students who have been traumatized by these fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer can be found a few hundred miles north, in Santa Rosa. In late October, students there returned to class after three weeks away. A massive wildfire had swept through the city of 175,000 and the surrounding county, killing at least 22 people and destroying or damaging at least 5,500 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”X9s6qAuDuuRDhp4WjSfIXGWwmZfxkYhU”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> took the homes of many students at Northwest Prep Charter School, a small secondary school in northwestern Santa Rosa. Given the trauma their community had just experienced, teachers knew they couldn’t dive right back into algebra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day back, all 75 students at Northwest Prep gathered in a community circle and spoke about the fire’s impact on their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think every one of the students who lost a home spoke during that discussion, which we didn’t expect,” says Jessica Hadid, the language and communication teacher there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those kids was 12-year-old Clark Howe. The seventh-grader remembers Oct. 9 clearly: He woke up to a chaotic scene around 1:30 a.m. His dad told him they needed to leave right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nothing was left. Everybody lost something.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Clark grabbed some of his things and rounded up the family dogs. After picking up a neighbor who couldn’t drive, his family headed out onto the packed roads, full of other people evacuating their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all really nervous. There were just cars everywhere, people driving on the wrong side of the road, fires starting on lawns,” Clark says. “We were all just really scared for what could happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his family made it to safety, but their home, located in Santa Rosa’s Coffey Park neighborhood, was completely destroyed. They lost some of their most prized possessions: a classic Mustang in the garage, some favorite stuffed animals left behind in Clark’s bedroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing was left,” Clark says. “Everybody lost something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before returning to school, Northwest Prep’s teaching staff received trauma-based training to help students cope with the aftermath of the fires. But the teachers also wanted to do something in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We realized we needed to do something, as a school, to help our students and really our whole community process what we’d all been through,” says Alyssa Dossat, a math teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”03oVDL7rz1YmZLhdOyE5KxVEgZzMGNla”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was evacuated from her own home, Dossat took her kids to a museum. Her 7-year-old was looking at an exhibit about earthquakes that struck California in 1906 and 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was reading it going, ‘Mom, who, who wrote this? Who are these quotes from?’ ” Dossat says. “I said, ‘They’re just from people, sweetie, that’s how it works. That’s how we record history that way.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that moment, Dossat had an idea: This could be done in her school. An oral history assignment was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the project, Northwest Prep students will use their smartphones and tablets to record stories from the Tubbs Fire and its impact on the Santa Rosa community. From there, students will curate and archive the firsthand accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HK6RVMjpfOan8wSEsC3chFPbsFeNJHI7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire has brought the community together, says Adam Napoleon, a social systems teacher. He hopes the project will go beyond storytelling and provide a “sense of healing” to both the students and their interviewees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can provide not only this historical record, but this emotional healing aspect that a lot of people in our community need right now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire, Clark was eager to get back to school and be with his friends — many of whom also lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he returned, he sometimes found it hard to talk about the fire and remember all that was lost. But, Clark says, it has also been really helpful to talk about it — and he can’t believe the support he has received from his community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family received many donations and has since been able to relocate to an apartment building. They plan to rebuild their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Howe family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Howe family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Michelle Howe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, Clark’s family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not struggling very much anymore. We’re looking for some good holidays,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Wildfires+Destroyed+Their+Homes%2C+Students+Find+Healing+Help+At+School+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/colossal-southern-california-fire-now-4th-largest-in-state-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still raging\u003c/a> across parts of Southern California, dozens of schools have been closed. Many will stay that way until the new year. That gives educators valuable time to think about what they can do, when school resumes, to help students who have been traumatized by these fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer can be found a few hundred miles north, in Santa Rosa. In late October, students there returned to class after three weeks away. A massive wildfire had swept through the city of 175,000 and the surrounding county, killing at least 22 people and destroying or damaging at least 5,500 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> took the homes of many students at Northwest Prep Charter School, a small secondary school in northwestern Santa Rosa. Given the trauma their community had just experienced, teachers knew they couldn’t dive right back into algebra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day back, all 75 students at Northwest Prep gathered in a community circle and spoke about the fire’s impact on their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think every one of the students who lost a home spoke during that discussion, which we didn’t expect,” says Jessica Hadid, the language and communication teacher there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those kids was 12-year-old Clark Howe. The seventh-grader remembers Oct. 9 clearly: He woke up to a chaotic scene around 1:30 a.m. His dad told him they needed to leave right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nothing was left. Everybody lost something.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Clark grabbed some of his things and rounded up the family dogs. After picking up a neighbor who couldn’t drive, his family headed out onto the packed roads, full of other people evacuating their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all really nervous. There were just cars everywhere, people driving on the wrong side of the road, fires starting on lawns,” Clark says. “We were all just really scared for what could happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his family made it to safety, but their home, located in Santa Rosa’s Coffey Park neighborhood, was completely destroyed. They lost some of their most prized possessions: a classic Mustang in the garage, some favorite stuffed animals left behind in Clark’s bedroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing was left,” Clark says. “Everybody lost something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before returning to school, Northwest Prep’s teaching staff received trauma-based training to help students cope with the aftermath of the fires. But the teachers also wanted to do something in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We realized we needed to do something, as a school, to help our students and really our whole community process what we’d all been through,” says Alyssa Dossat, a math teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was evacuated from her own home, Dossat took her kids to a museum. Her 7-year-old was looking at an exhibit about earthquakes that struck California in 1906 and 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was reading it going, ‘Mom, who, who wrote this? Who are these quotes from?’ ” Dossat says. “I said, ‘They’re just from people, sweetie, that’s how it works. That’s how we record history that way.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that moment, Dossat had an idea: This could be done in her school. An oral history assignment was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the project, Northwest Prep students will use their smartphones and tablets to record stories from the Tubbs Fire and its impact on the Santa Rosa community. From there, students will curate and archive the firsthand accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire has brought the community together, says Adam Napoleon, a social systems teacher. He hopes the project will go beyond storytelling and provide a “sense of healing” to both the students and their interviewees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can provide not only this historical record, but this emotional healing aspect that a lot of people in our community need right now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire, Clark was eager to get back to school and be with his friends — many of whom also lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he returned, he sometimes found it hard to talk about the fire and remember all that was lost. But, Clark says, it has also been really helpful to talk about it — and he can’t believe the support he has received from his community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family received many donations and has since been able to relocate to an apartment building. They plan to rebuild their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637036\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Howe family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyStrong.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Howe family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Michelle Howe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, Clark’s family and neighbors returned to their old neighborhood to put Christmas decorations on one of the few trees left standing after the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not struggling very much anymore. We’re looking for some good holidays,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Wildfires+Destroyed+Their+Homes%2C+Students+Find+Healing+Help+At+School+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/kqedleelegacy\">biggest legacies \u003c/a>Mayor Ed Lee leaves behind is a booming tech sector, fostered in part by his fight to give Twitter tax breaks to stay in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year 2011 seems like a lifetime ago, back when the city was trying to emerge from recession, keep tech companies in San Francisco and revive the mid-Market area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Twitter tax break” clearly attracted tech companies, although it also drove up rents and real estate prices throughout the neighborhoods of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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