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"content": "\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission today announced it will consider levying fines against Pacific Gas & Electric Co. for violating rules that are meant to prevent backroom deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E could face penalties for violations concerning ex parte communications -- private exchanges between utility representatives and regulators that had the potential to impact major decisions before the commission in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One item of business flagged by the commission was an investigation launched in the aftermath of the deadly September 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion. Another case concerned a commission decision to award millions to PG&E as a reward for satisfying energy-efficiency goals, even though consumer advocates argued that the company hadn’t successfully hit the targets needed to reap financial rewards under the incentive program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E could either be sanctioned for engaging in ex parte exchanges that are banned under commission rules, or for failing to record legitimate private talks in a timely manner, according to a CPUC statement. In one case concerning gas pipeline safety, PG&E filed a “late notice of ex parte communications” in 2014 for a conversation that actually took place in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators\">previously reported\u003c/a>, PG&E started to face major public scrutiny for its cozy ties to utility regulators after a trove of emails were released in court proceedings initiated by the city of San Bruno in the wake of the deadly 2010 pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission could impose fines ranging from $500 to $50,000 per offense -- and under the regulatory framework, each day that the company is deemed to be in violation is considered to be an offense, so the penalties could amount to quite a lot. Accordingly, the commission has ordered PG&E to “show cause why it should not be sanctioned” for violating ex parte rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman with consumer advocacy organization The Utility Reform Network (TURN), said the CPUC’s announcement that it was considering penalties against PG&E was long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CPUC talked about it back in April,” Spatt said. “We’ve said again and again that the rules are much too lax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that she and other advocates \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/leno-its-time-for-reform-at-the-california-public-utilities-commission\">continue to push for legislative reform\u003c/a> that would further restrict communications between regulators and utility representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s most likely PG&E will resist being fined,\" Spatt said, \"and that we and our allies will be pushing for the maximum penalty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesman Keith Stephens said the company had already taken steps to address inappropriate communications. In an emailed statement, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We have produced tens of thousands of emails to the CPUC, TURN, ORA and the City of San Bruno voluntarily and in response to regulatory and legal requirements, and we continue to cooperate with all investigations. Out of the tens of thousands of emails that have been produced, the vast majority of the communications that have been produced have been perfectly appropriate and unremarkable. Communications regarding operational issues are appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases the communications were not appropriate and we want our customers and their families to know that we took action swiftly and decisively. When we first discovered violations of the CPUC ex parte rules, we self-reported them, we held senior-level officers accountable. We have taken numerous actions as part of our effort to achieve the highest level of ethics and compliance possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These actions include:\u003cbr>\n· Three officers are no longer employed by the company.\u003cbr>\n· A new senior vice president of regulatory affairs was named with the charge to overhaul PG&E's regulatory affairs department.\u003cbr>\n· The company created a new position of Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer, whose mandate is to help oversee compliance with all requirements governing PG&E's interactions with the CPUC. The position reports to the CEO and to the Audit Committee of the PG&E Board of Directors. The individual selected for the role started on the job on May 18.\u003cbr>\n· PG&E engaged former Secretary of the U.S. Department of Interior Ken Salazar, a partner in the WilmerHale law firm, as special counsel on regulatory compliance matters to assist in developing a best-in-class regulatory compliance model. Salazar has served as Colorado Attorney General, United States Senator, and Secretary of Interior.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the CPUC filing announcing that the commission will investigate whether PG&E should be sanctioned for violating ex parte communication rules:\u003cbr>\n[scribd id=290909150 key=key-I4eKV1iTlkOKGoJ8R6e3 mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission today announced it will consider levying fines against Pacific Gas & Electric Co. for violating rules that are meant to prevent backroom deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E could face penalties for violations concerning ex parte communications -- private exchanges between utility representatives and regulators that had the potential to impact major decisions before the commission in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One item of business flagged by the commission was an investigation launched in the aftermath of the deadly September 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion. Another case concerned a commission decision to award millions to PG&E as a reward for satisfying energy-efficiency goals, even though consumer advocates argued that the company hadn’t successfully hit the targets needed to reap financial rewards under the incentive program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E could either be sanctioned for engaging in ex parte exchanges that are banned under commission rules, or for failing to record legitimate private talks in a timely manner, according to a CPUC statement. In one case concerning gas pipeline safety, PG&E filed a “late notice of ex parte communications” in 2014 for a conversation that actually took place in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/10-emails-detail-pges-cozy-relationship-with-its-regulators\">previously reported\u003c/a>, PG&E started to face major public scrutiny for its cozy ties to utility regulators after a trove of emails were released in court proceedings initiated by the city of San Bruno in the wake of the deadly 2010 pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission could impose fines ranging from $500 to $50,000 per offense -- and under the regulatory framework, each day that the company is deemed to be in violation is considered to be an offense, so the penalties could amount to quite a lot. Accordingly, the commission has ordered PG&E to “show cause why it should not be sanctioned” for violating ex parte rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman with consumer advocacy organization The Utility Reform Network (TURN), said the CPUC’s announcement that it was considering penalties against PG&E was long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CPUC talked about it back in April,” Spatt said. “We’ve said again and again that the rules are much too lax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that she and other advocates \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/leno-its-time-for-reform-at-the-california-public-utilities-commission\">continue to push for legislative reform\u003c/a> that would further restrict communications between regulators and utility representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s most likely PG&E will resist being fined,\" Spatt said, \"and that we and our allies will be pushing for the maximum penalty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesman Keith Stephens said the company had already taken steps to address inappropriate communications. In an emailed statement, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We have produced tens of thousands of emails to the CPUC, TURN, ORA and the City of San Bruno voluntarily and in response to regulatory and legal requirements, and we continue to cooperate with all investigations. Out of the tens of thousands of emails that have been produced, the vast majority of the communications that have been produced have been perfectly appropriate and unremarkable. Communications regarding operational issues are appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases the communications were not appropriate and we want our customers and their families to know that we took action swiftly and decisively. When we first discovered violations of the CPUC ex parte rules, we self-reported them, we held senior-level officers accountable. We have taken numerous actions as part of our effort to achieve the highest level of ethics and compliance possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These actions include:\u003cbr>\n· Three officers are no longer employed by the company.\u003cbr>\n· A new senior vice president of regulatory affairs was named with the charge to overhaul PG&E's regulatory affairs department.\u003cbr>\n· The company created a new position of Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer, whose mandate is to help oversee compliance with all requirements governing PG&E's interactions with the CPUC. The position reports to the CEO and to the Audit Committee of the PG&E Board of Directors. The individual selected for the role started on the job on May 18.\u003cbr>\n· PG&E engaged former Secretary of the U.S. Department of Interior Ken Salazar, a partner in the WilmerHale law firm, as special counsel on regulatory compliance matters to assist in developing a best-in-class regulatory compliance model. Salazar has served as Colorado Attorney General, United States Senator, and Secretary of Interior.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the CPUC filing announcing that the commission will investigate whether PG&E should be sanctioned for violating ex parte communication rules:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/290909150/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-I4eKV1iTlkOKGoJ8R6e3\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/290909150\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_290909150\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/290909150\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "OK, So Where Is This El Niño Already?",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>If you're a drought pessimist, or just the nervous type, you might see California's weather so far this fall as a confirmation of your worst fears. Forecasters far and wide assure us that we are on the threshold of an epically wet, El Niño-fueled winter. And they've got \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/20/el-nino-forecast-for-california-batten-down-the-hatches/\" target=\"_blank\"> the data and the models\u003c/a> to back up that outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they don't have so far is actual rain or (much) snow to calm the skeptics among us. What we see is shrinking reservoirs, below-normal precipitation in many locations and the memory of the past several \"rainy\" seasons in which anomalously dry, warm winter weather has prevailed (we're looking at you, \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\" target=\"_blank\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the truly determined drought-relief doubter, Exhibit A has got to be last winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10769374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10769374 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-400x372.gif\" alt=\"The 'long-lead seasonal outlook'; from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, issued in mid-December 2014, indicated that models pointed to above-median precipitation in California in early 2015. The period turned out to be among the state's driest on record. \" width=\"400\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-400x372.gif 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-800x744.gif 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 'long-lead seasonal outlook' from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, issued in mid-December 2014, indicated that models pointed to above-median precipitation in California in early 2015. Instead, the period was among the state's driest on record. \u003ccite>(NOAA-Climate Prediction Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It began with a sopping-wet December. With the benefit of hindsight and the archives of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Prediction Center\u003c/a>, we can go back to the middle of that rainy month and revisit what the dynamical forecast models were telling weather scientists and hopeful lay people about the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it looked like the chances were good for a moist January, February and March. What happened instead, of course, is that the storms that had dumped \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-10-trillion-gallons-drench-california-20141212-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">trillions of gallons of water\u003c/a> on the state vanished. Most of California experienced its driest January on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why, one may ask as we watch Folsom Lake hit its record low and see every one of the state's biggest reservoirs sink to 30 percent of capacity or less, should anyone expect \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=1\" target=\"_blank\">the long-term outlooks\u003c/a> will be right this time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, the Stanford meteorological researcher and climate blogger, \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3607\" target=\"_blank\">noted last week\u003c/a> that the dynamical models have already scored one coup by correctly forecasting the \"implausibly high\" sea surface temperatures now being seen in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/enso/indicators/sst.php\" target=\"_blank\">central equatorial Pacific\u003c/a>. That lends credence to the models' forecast of a wet, and possibly wild, winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In fact, it’s hard to envision a set of mid-November observations and model output that would lead to higher confidence in a wetter-than-average California winter than the ones currently in place,\" Swain wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't pretend to actual meteorological sophistication, so what the forecasters say is likely to happen may well come to pass. Still, until we see the storms lined up across the Pacific, we'll be imagining what California will look like if the models go bust again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To close, here are stats for a few of California's key reservoirs and where they stand now, compared with their all-time lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Capacity\u003cbr>\n(acre-feet)\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Pre-2015 low\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Date\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Current level\u003cbr>\n(acre-feet)\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Shasta\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.5 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>562,600\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Sept. 13, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SHA&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">1,351,081\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Oroville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.55 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>882,395\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Sept. 7, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">946,422\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Trinity\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.45 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>222,350\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 9, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=CLE&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">485,615\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>New Melones\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.4 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>86,631\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Oct. 1, 1992\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=NML&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">265,455\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Luis\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>201,049\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 7, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SNL&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">409,303\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Folsom\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>977,000\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>140,600\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 20-21, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=FOL&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">138,775\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>\u003cstrong>Data sources:\u003c/strong> California Department of Water Resources, U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you're a drought pessimist, or just the nervous type, you might see California's weather so far this fall as a confirmation of your worst fears. Forecasters far and wide assure us that we are on the threshold of an epically wet, El Niño-fueled winter. And they've got \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/20/el-nino-forecast-for-california-batten-down-the-hatches/\" target=\"_blank\"> the data and the models\u003c/a> to back up that outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they don't have so far is actual rain or (much) snow to calm the skeptics among us. What we see is shrinking reservoirs, below-normal precipitation in many locations and the memory of the past several \"rainy\" seasons in which anomalously dry, warm winter weather has prevailed (we're looking at you, \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\" target=\"_blank\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the truly determined drought-relief doubter, Exhibit A has got to be last winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10769374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10769374 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-400x372.gif\" alt=\"The 'long-lead seasonal outlook'; from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, issued in mid-December 2014, indicated that models pointed to above-median precipitation in California in early 2015. The period turned out to be among the state's driest on record. \" width=\"400\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-400x372.gif 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/cpclongrangeforecast2014_12-800x744.gif 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 'long-lead seasonal outlook' from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, issued in mid-December 2014, indicated that models pointed to above-median precipitation in California in early 2015. Instead, the period was among the state's driest on record. \u003ccite>(NOAA-Climate Prediction Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It began with a sopping-wet December. With the benefit of hindsight and the archives of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Prediction Center\u003c/a>, we can go back to the middle of that rainy month and revisit what the dynamical forecast models were telling weather scientists and hopeful lay people about the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it looked like the chances were good for a moist January, February and March. What happened instead, of course, is that the storms that had dumped \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-10-trillion-gallons-drench-california-20141212-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">trillions of gallons of water\u003c/a> on the state vanished. Most of California experienced its driest January on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why, one may ask as we watch Folsom Lake hit its record low and see every one of the state's biggest reservoirs sink to 30 percent of capacity or less, should anyone expect \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=1\" target=\"_blank\">the long-term outlooks\u003c/a> will be right this time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, the Stanford meteorological researcher and climate blogger, \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/3607\" target=\"_blank\">noted last week\u003c/a> that the dynamical models have already scored one coup by correctly forecasting the \"implausibly high\" sea surface temperatures now being seen in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/enso/indicators/sst.php\" target=\"_blank\">central equatorial Pacific\u003c/a>. That lends credence to the models' forecast of a wet, and possibly wild, winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In fact, it’s hard to envision a set of mid-November observations and model output that would lead to higher confidence in a wetter-than-average California winter than the ones currently in place,\" Swain wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't pretend to actual meteorological sophistication, so what the forecasters say is likely to happen may well come to pass. Still, until we see the storms lined up across the Pacific, we'll be imagining what California will look like if the models go bust again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To close, here are stats for a few of California's key reservoirs and where they stand now, compared with their all-time lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Capacity\u003cbr>\n(acre-feet)\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Pre-2015 low\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Date\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Current level\u003cbr>\n(acre-feet)\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Shasta\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.5 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>562,600\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Sept. 13, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SHA&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">1,351,081\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Oroville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.55 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>882,395\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Sept. 7, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">946,422\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Trinity\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.45 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>222,350\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 9, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=CLE&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">485,615\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>New Melones\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.4 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>86,631\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Oct. 1, 1992\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=NML&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">265,455\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Luis\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2 million\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>201,049\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 7, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SNL&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">409,303\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Folsom\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>977,000\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>140,600\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>Nov. 20-21, 1977\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=FOL&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">138,775\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>\u003cstrong>Data sources:\u003c/strong> California Department of Water Resources, U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Water Agency's Desert Land Purchase Stirs Farmers' Fears",
"title": "L.A. Water Agency's Desert Land Purchase Stirs Farmers' Fears",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>BLYTHE, Riverside County -- The Metropolitan Water District, the Los Angeles-based agency that provides drinking water to about half of the state's residents, has become the largest landowner in a desert farm district along the Colorado River -- and in the process has tapped into a deep well of distrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Palo Verde Valley are recalling how L.A.'s modern founders \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2013/10/29/34389/how-the-la-aqueduct-altered-the-owens-valley-envir/\" target=\"_blank\">built an aqueduct\u003c/a> a century ago to bring water hundreds of miles from the once bountiful, now barren Owens Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we going to dry up our rural, agricultural communities just to keep Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego growing? I think it would be a sad state of affairs,\" said Bart Fisher, a melon and broccoli farmer who is board president of the Palo Verde Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan tried to calm nerves by sending its chairman in September to a public forum in Blythe, 225 miles east of its Los Angeles headquarters. It pledged to honor a 2004 agreement that caps the amount of land it pays farmers to idle at 28 percent of the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement, which expires in 2040, is hailed as a model for farms and cities to cooperate. Metropolitan pays farmers about as much as they would profit to harvest -- $771 an acre this year -- to bring Colorado River water on its 242-mile aqueduct to 19 million people in the coastal megalopolis it serves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Verde enjoys California's highest rights to the river, making the district immune to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dynamic changed when Metropolitan paid $256 million in July to nearly double its Palo Verde holdings to 29,000 acres, or about 30 percent of the valley. The agency denied its purchase from Verbena LLC, a company that bought the land several years earlier from the Mormon Church, was part of a larger plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's made the farmers out there nervous that we are the largest owner, but there was a strategic opportunity that came up,\" Metropolitan's general manager, Jeffrey Kightlinger, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10769311\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10769311\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Palo Verde Irrigation District's diversion dam on the Colorado River. L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District recently bought 20 square miles of district land to secure new water rights. \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Palo Verde Irrigation District's diversion dam on the Colorado River. L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District recently bought 20 square miles of district land to secure new water rights. \u003ccite>(Chris Austin/Maven's Notebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan stirred similar angst this month in Northern California when \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/10/southern-california-water-agency-moves-ahead-with-massive-delta-land-buy\" target=\"_blank\">its board moved ahead with a plan\u003c/a> to buy more than 20,000 acres on five islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Its staff said the land could provide water storage, access to water rights and wildlife habitat. Not least of the possible benefits, the MWD says, owning the islands could ease construction of two massive tunnels to ship water south from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blythe, a riverside town of about 13,000 in the Mojave Desert that boasts two state prisons, is an oasis of gas stations, motels and fast-food restaurants on Interstate 10 between Los Angeles and Phoenix. Thomas Blythe staked claim to the river in 1877, beating Southern California cities under a Gold Rush-era doctrine called \"first in time, first in right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles and its suburbs founded Metropolitan in 1928 to build the remarkably durable Colorado River Aqueduct. Parker Dam and the reservoir it created in Lake Havasu empty into a gray Art Deco-style building with nine pumps that quietly pipe water 300 feet up a steep slope. Teal metal cases that cover the pumps vibrate so little that a nickel placed on top stands on its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water goes uphill through four more pump stations and through tunnels, canals and pipelines before reaching Southern California's coastal plain two days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado's huge man-made reservoirs have made the river an unheralded savior in California's four-year drought. Last year, the river supplied two-thirds of the 1.7 billion gallons of drinking water that Metropolitan delivers daily, up from a third three years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river sustains 40 million people and farms 5.5 million acres, but white \"bathtub rings\" lining walls of the nation's largest reservoir in Lake Mead, near Las Vegas, are evidence of shrinking supplies. California took more than it was entitled to until Sun Belt cities like Phoenix and Las Vegas clamored for their share and forced the nation's most populous state to go on a diet in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really the only supply of water to this otherwise bone-dry region,\" said Bill Hasencamp, Metropolitan's manager of Colorado River resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan has diverted up to 118,000 acre-feet of water a year from Palo Verde since 2005, enough for about 250,000 households. It paid $3,170 an acre to farmers who committed for 35 years, plus an annual fee for fallowed land. It idles 7 percent to 28 percent of the valley each year, depending on its needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jack Seiler, a grower who volunteered 900 acres, calls the agreement a \"poster child\" for farms and cities to cooperate. But he says Metropolitan's July purchase of nearly 13,000 acres unsettled him. It gave Metropolitan the largest voting bloc on Palo Verde's water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan says it won't have to pay someone else to idle the land it now owns and will lease it to farmers, cutting its net cost to about $50 million. It voted for incumbents in a September election to Palo Verde's seven-member board, which includes Seiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I obviously don't know why they bought all this land,\" Seiler said. \"It puts us a little bit at odds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Spagat reported from Parker Dam, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elliotspagat\" target=\"_blank\">Elliot Spagat\u003c/a> and Jae Hong\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>BLYTHE, Riverside County -- The Metropolitan Water District, the Los Angeles-based agency that provides drinking water to about half of the state's residents, has become the largest landowner in a desert farm district along the Colorado River -- and in the process has tapped into a deep well of distrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Palo Verde Valley are recalling how L.A.'s modern founders \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2013/10/29/34389/how-the-la-aqueduct-altered-the-owens-valley-envir/\" target=\"_blank\">built an aqueduct\u003c/a> a century ago to bring water hundreds of miles from the once bountiful, now barren Owens Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we going to dry up our rural, agricultural communities just to keep Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego growing? I think it would be a sad state of affairs,\" said Bart Fisher, a melon and broccoli farmer who is board president of the Palo Verde Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan tried to calm nerves by sending its chairman in September to a public forum in Blythe, 225 miles east of its Los Angeles headquarters. It pledged to honor a 2004 agreement that caps the amount of land it pays farmers to idle at 28 percent of the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement, which expires in 2040, is hailed as a model for farms and cities to cooperate. Metropolitan pays farmers about as much as they would profit to harvest -- $771 an acre this year -- to bring Colorado River water on its 242-mile aqueduct to 19 million people in the coastal megalopolis it serves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Verde enjoys California's highest rights to the river, making the district immune to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dynamic changed when Metropolitan paid $256 million in July to nearly double its Palo Verde holdings to 29,000 acres, or about 30 percent of the valley. The agency denied its purchase from Verbena LLC, a company that bought the land several years earlier from the Mormon Church, was part of a larger plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's made the farmers out there nervous that we are the largest owner, but there was a strategic opportunity that came up,\" Metropolitan's general manager, Jeffrey Kightlinger, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10769311\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10769311\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Palo Verde Irrigation District's diversion dam on the Colorado River. L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District recently bought 20 square miles of district land to secure new water rights. \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Palo-Verde-Diversion-Dam-2-02-2008.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Palo Verde Irrigation District's diversion dam on the Colorado River. L.A.'s Metropolitan Water District recently bought 20 square miles of district land to secure new water rights. \u003ccite>(Chris Austin/Maven's Notebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan stirred similar angst this month in Northern California when \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/10/southern-california-water-agency-moves-ahead-with-massive-delta-land-buy\" target=\"_blank\">its board moved ahead with a plan\u003c/a> to buy more than 20,000 acres on five islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Its staff said the land could provide water storage, access to water rights and wildlife habitat. Not least of the possible benefits, the MWD says, owning the islands could ease construction of two massive tunnels to ship water south from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blythe, a riverside town of about 13,000 in the Mojave Desert that boasts two state prisons, is an oasis of gas stations, motels and fast-food restaurants on Interstate 10 between Los Angeles and Phoenix. Thomas Blythe staked claim to the river in 1877, beating Southern California cities under a Gold Rush-era doctrine called \"first in time, first in right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles and its suburbs founded Metropolitan in 1928 to build the remarkably durable Colorado River Aqueduct. Parker Dam and the reservoir it created in Lake Havasu empty into a gray Art Deco-style building with nine pumps that quietly pipe water 300 feet up a steep slope. Teal metal cases that cover the pumps vibrate so little that a nickel placed on top stands on its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water goes uphill through four more pump stations and through tunnels, canals and pipelines before reaching Southern California's coastal plain two days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado's huge man-made reservoirs have made the river an unheralded savior in California's four-year drought. Last year, the river supplied two-thirds of the 1.7 billion gallons of drinking water that Metropolitan delivers daily, up from a third three years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river sustains 40 million people and farms 5.5 million acres, but white \"bathtub rings\" lining walls of the nation's largest reservoir in Lake Mead, near Las Vegas, are evidence of shrinking supplies. California took more than it was entitled to until Sun Belt cities like Phoenix and Las Vegas clamored for their share and forced the nation's most populous state to go on a diet in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really the only supply of water to this otherwise bone-dry region,\" said Bill Hasencamp, Metropolitan's manager of Colorado River resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan has diverted up to 118,000 acre-feet of water a year from Palo Verde since 2005, enough for about 250,000 households. It paid $3,170 an acre to farmers who committed for 35 years, plus an annual fee for fallowed land. It idles 7 percent to 28 percent of the valley each year, depending on its needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jack Seiler, a grower who volunteered 900 acres, calls the agreement a \"poster child\" for farms and cities to cooperate. But he says Metropolitan's July purchase of nearly 13,000 acres unsettled him. It gave Metropolitan the largest voting bloc on Palo Verde's water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan says it won't have to pay someone else to idle the land it now owns and will lease it to farmers, cutting its net cost to about $50 million. It voted for incumbents in a September election to Palo Verde's seven-member board, which includes Seiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I obviously don't know why they bought all this land,\" Seiler said. \"It puts us a little bit at odds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Spagat reported from Parker Dam, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Flying Into the Heart of the West's Biggest Storms",
"headTitle": "Flying Into the Heart of the West’s Biggest Storms | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/11/AtmosphericRiver.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a noisy, rocky ride. I’m flying through the thick of a rainstorm on a research plane operated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. It’s crewed by a group of pilots and technicians known as the NOAA “\u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hurricane Hunters\u003c/a>.” Their specialty is flying into the thick of storms, so they can relay data to weather forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this flight last winter, though, we’re on a special mission. The flight is gathering data for an ambitious project known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/calwater/pdf/calwater-2pager-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalWater 2015\u003c/a>. The researchers’ ultimate goal is nothing less than to learn how the West Coast gets its water. Theirs is a story of rivers in the sky, motes of dust and sturdy aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg\" alt=\"This buoy will drop from the plane into the ocean to take temperature readings.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This buoy will drop from the plane into the ocean to take temperature readings. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting near me, electronics technician Todd Richards is dropping buoys at regular intervals through a trap door in the cabin floor. The buoys take the temperature of the ocean from the time they hit the water’s surface to a depth of 130 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment, researchers have a much better understanding of hurricanes—the most powerful, important storms of the East and South—than they do of the West’s most important storms, known as “atmospheric rivers.” These conveyor belts of moisture, which can be thousands of miles long, pelt the West Coast for days at a time and are responsible for up to half of total precipitation in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, our forecasting of these storms isn’t very good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368725\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Research cubicles line the length of the plane, where scientists monitor variables like water vapor, wind direction and air pressure.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research cubicles line the length of the plane, allowing scientists to monitor variables like water vapor, wind direction and air pressure. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a very hard thing to get right,” says \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, a research meteorologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and one of the CalWater scientists. “On average the heavy rainfall events are predicted to be about half as strong as they actually end up being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most weather models, he says, leave out too many details; they don’t represent the clouds, the particles in the air, or how the air is moving. “They have to parameterize all that indirectly for the most part.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where CalWater will help. By gathering data directly from these storms, by flying over, flying through and sailing under them, the collaboration is gathering the information they’ll need to create better weather models. In the future we’ll know more accurately, and with a longer lead time, where storms will make landfall, how much precipitation they’ll bring and how long they’ll last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all useful for emergency planners watching for flood risk, and water managers planning releases from reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many might balk at the thought of flying directly into a tempest, for this crew it is part of showing up for work. To stay safe, only the sturdiest planes, the four-engine turboprop \u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/about_p3s.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA P-3s\u003c/a>, head for the core of the storm. Flying above, the NOAA \u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/about_g4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gulfstream IV-SP\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA ER-2\u003c/a> measure clouds, ozone and aerosols from on high. On the ground, a\u003ca href=\"http://hmt.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> network of land-based sensors\u003c/a> profile the storm, while on the water, the NOAA research ship \u003ca href=\"http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ron Brown\u003c/a> cruises the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368720\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368720\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Hurricane Hunter crew debriefs after a research flight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters debrief after a research flight. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an interesting aside, the four-engine turboprop P-3 Orion aircraft were originally designed to fly over the ocean, hunting Soviet submarines. Today, NOAA operates two P-3s (charmingly named Kermit and Miss Piggy) as part of its storm studying operations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since last winter’s flights, the CalWater team has been busy crunching numbers in the lab, and the researchers are starting to release results. With just these flights, the researchers were able to triple the number of atmospheric rivers studied in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though CalWater is focused on understanding the West Coast, the improved models developed by the team could be useful around the globe. Atmospheric rivers are also responsible for some of the most extreme flooding events in Western Europe and South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, one of the team’s most surprising findings so far is the estimate of just how much water these storms usually carry. On average, at any given moment, an atmospheric river is carrying 27 times the amount of water flowing down the Mississippi River. That’s roughly double the team’s previous best estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s made us realize they’re even stronger than we thought,” Ralph says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a noisy, rocky ride. I’m flying through the thick of a rainstorm on a research plane operated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. It’s crewed by a group of pilots and technicians known as the NOAA “\u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hurricane Hunters\u003c/a>.” Their specialty is flying into the thick of storms, so they can relay data to weather forecasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this flight last winter, though, we’re on a special mission. The flight is gathering data for an ambitious project known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/calwater/pdf/calwater-2pager-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalWater 2015\u003c/a>. The researchers’ ultimate goal is nothing less than to learn how the West Coast gets its water. Theirs is a story of rivers in the sky, motes of dust and sturdy aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg\" alt=\"This buoy will drop from the plane into the ocean to take temperature readings.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17505_2015-02-05-12-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This buoy will drop from the plane into the ocean to take temperature readings. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting near me, electronics technician Todd Richards is dropping buoys at regular intervals through a trap door in the cabin floor. The buoys take the temperature of the ocean from the time they hit the water’s surface to a depth of 130 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment, researchers have a much better understanding of hurricanes—the most powerful, important storms of the East and South—than they do of the West’s most important storms, known as “atmospheric rivers.” These conveyor belts of moisture, which can be thousands of miles long, pelt the West Coast for days at a time and are responsible for up to half of total precipitation in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, our forecasting of these storms isn’t very good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368725\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Research cubicles line the length of the plane, where scientists monitor variables like water vapor, wind direction and air pressure.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/2015-02-05-12.46.15.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Research cubicles line the length of the plane, allowing scientists to monitor variables like water vapor, wind direction and air pressure. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a very hard thing to get right,” says \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, a research meteorologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and one of the CalWater scientists. “On average the heavy rainfall events are predicted to be about half as strong as they actually end up being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most weather models, he says, leave out too many details; they don’t represent the clouds, the particles in the air, or how the air is moving. “They have to parameterize all that indirectly for the most part.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where CalWater will help. By gathering data directly from these storms, by flying over, flying through and sailing under them, the collaboration is gathering the information they’ll need to create better weather models. In the future we’ll know more accurately, and with a longer lead time, where storms will make landfall, how much precipitation they’ll bring and how long they’ll last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all useful for emergency planners watching for flood risk, and water managers planning releases from reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many might balk at the thought of flying directly into a tempest, for this crew it is part of showing up for work. To stay safe, only the sturdiest planes, the four-engine turboprop \u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/about_p3s.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA P-3s\u003c/a>, head for the core of the storm. Flying above, the NOAA \u003ca href=\"http://flightscience.noaa.gov/about_g4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gulfstream IV-SP\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA ER-2\u003c/a> measure clouds, ozone and aerosols from on high. On the ground, a\u003ca href=\"http://hmt.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> network of land-based sensors\u003c/a> profile the storm, while on the water, the NOAA research ship \u003ca href=\"http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ron Brown\u003c/a> cruises the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368720\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368720\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Hurricane Hunter crew debriefs after a research flight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/RS17504_Flight-debrief-qut.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NOAA Hurricane Hunters debrief after a research flight. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an interesting aside, the four-engine turboprop P-3 Orion aircraft were originally designed to fly over the ocean, hunting Soviet submarines. Today, NOAA operates two P-3s (charmingly named Kermit and Miss Piggy) as part of its storm studying operations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since last winter’s flights, the CalWater team has been busy crunching numbers in the lab, and the researchers are starting to release results. With just these flights, the researchers were able to triple the number of atmospheric rivers studied in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though CalWater is focused on understanding the West Coast, the improved models developed by the team could be useful around the globe. Atmospheric rivers are also responsible for some of the most extreme flooding events in Western Europe and South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, one of the team’s most surprising findings so far is the estimate of just how much water these storms usually carry. On average, at any given moment, an atmospheric river is carrying 27 times the amount of water flowing down the Mississippi River. That’s roughly double the team’s previous best estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s made us realize they’re even stronger than we thought,” Ralph says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Where Did Mars' Atmosphere Go--And Is Earth Next?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last week, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/maven/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) \u003c/a>mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars’ once much warmer, thicker, and more Earth-like atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some suspected, it has slowly been blown into space by energetic particles of the solar wind. \u003cem>Turns out the sun did it!\u003c/em> My money was on the butler….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picturing a Warmer, Wetter Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the saga of our exploration of Mars, which has unfolded over the past five decades since the first robotic probe sent back images taken at close range, our understanding of Mars has improved dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early missions reported a dry, cold desert planet with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmosphere \u003c/a>a hundredth as thick as Earth’s, composed mostly of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353456\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353456\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mars' dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars’ dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter. \u003ccite>(Viking/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, missions in orbit and on the ground have churned up a preponderance of geological evidence that long ago liquid water flowed across Mars’ surface, filling large lakes and even shallow seas—an environment that may have been suitable to sustain life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very presence of liquid water in Mars’ past tells us that its atmosphere had to be much more substantial at one time–thicker, warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big question has been,\u003cem> what happened to the atmosphere? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding what is responsible for the drastic difference between the cold dry Mars we see today and the warm and wet Mars of the distant past is key to answering important questions not only about Mars, but our home planet as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Might Earth someday fall victim to a similar crime? Is there a serial killer of planetary atmospheres on the loose, and should people on Earth start stock-piling tanks of air and water against the prospects of a Martian-esque future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Don’t panic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MAVEN was the first spacecraft ever sent to explore the uppermost regions of Mars’ atmosphere, where it comes into contact with the environment of the solar wind. It was believed that the answer to the mystery might be found in this region, but on-site forensic work was needed to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar wind\u003c/a> is a continuous flow of high-speed, electrically charged particles (plasma) and magnetic fields exuded by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blowing by with an average speed of about a million miles an hour, the solar wind affects the entire solar system, including the Earth. All of the objects in the solar system, even far beyond Pluto, are within this outflowing “bubble” of plasma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Does the Solar Wind Affect Us Here on Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at home, we can see the effects of exceptional solar wind activity: dazzling auroras around Earth’s poles, and “\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/geomagnetic-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">geomagnetic storms\u003c/a>” (fluctuations in \u003ca href=\"http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth’s magnetic field\u003c/a>) that on rare occasion have knocked out power grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These effects, however, are not the result of the solar wind hammering away at our upper atmosphere, but by its interaction with Earth’s more extensive magnetic field. Earth’s atmosphere, for the most part, is safely tucked away within our planet’s great magnetic deflector shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration depicting Earth's dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the "fossil" remnants of Mars' extinct global field.\" width=\"400\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration depicting Earth’s dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the “fossil” remnants of Mars’ extinct global field. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars, however, does not enjoy the same protection. Mars, at present, has no structured global magnetic field as Earth does—the kind with north and south poles and an enveloping donut shape, like a textbook bar magnet. With respect to the solar wind’s abrasive action, Mars’ deflectors are down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had hypothesized, and now MAVEN has verified, that the energetic ions of the solar wind coming into direct contact with Martian atmospheric atoms result in those atoms being kicked off into space, thus slowly leaking away at Mars’ atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Bad Is the Leak in Mars’ Atmosphere?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN has detected\u003c/a> the amount of atmospheric gases escaping from Mars: around 100 grams per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX5JCYBZpcg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About three-quarters of the loss\u003c/a> occurs through a long “tail” extending away from the sun’s direction, and another quarter through a plume spewing off of Mars’ polar region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png\" alt=\"NASA's MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \u003ccite>(Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MAVEN has also found that the loss rate rises dramatically when solar wind activity increases, such as during solar storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight, we can now envision how Mars probably lost a major part of its atmosphere in the solar system’s younger days, billions of years ago, when the sun was more active and the solar wind more abrasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though our understanding of exactly how Mars lost its water-supporting atmosphere won’t bring it back, it may help us better understand what Mars is all about today, including how we might go about looking for any remnants of its global paleoclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed the presence of trickles of briny liquid water\u003c/a> seeping in certain spots on Mars today—a discovery that has scientists interested in finding signs of life on Mars very excited.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "NASA's Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars' once much warmer, thicker, wetter and more Earth-like atmosphere. Turns out the sun did it! ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/maven/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) \u003c/a>mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars’ once much warmer, thicker, and more Earth-like atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some suspected, it has slowly been blown into space by energetic particles of the solar wind. \u003cem>Turns out the sun did it!\u003c/em> My money was on the butler….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picturing a Warmer, Wetter Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the saga of our exploration of Mars, which has unfolded over the past five decades since the first robotic probe sent back images taken at close range, our understanding of Mars has improved dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early missions reported a dry, cold desert planet with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmosphere \u003c/a>a hundredth as thick as Earth’s, composed mostly of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353456\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353456\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mars' dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars’ dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter. \u003ccite>(Viking/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, missions in orbit and on the ground have churned up a preponderance of geological evidence that long ago liquid water flowed across Mars’ surface, filling large lakes and even shallow seas—an environment that may have been suitable to sustain life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very presence of liquid water in Mars’ past tells us that its atmosphere had to be much more substantial at one time–thicker, warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big question has been,\u003cem> what happened to the atmosphere? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding what is responsible for the drastic difference between the cold dry Mars we see today and the warm and wet Mars of the distant past is key to answering important questions not only about Mars, but our home planet as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Might Earth someday fall victim to a similar crime? Is there a serial killer of planetary atmospheres on the loose, and should people on Earth start stock-piling tanks of air and water against the prospects of a Martian-esque future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Don’t panic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MAVEN was the first spacecraft ever sent to explore the uppermost regions of Mars’ atmosphere, where it comes into contact with the environment of the solar wind. It was believed that the answer to the mystery might be found in this region, but on-site forensic work was needed to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar wind\u003c/a> is a continuous flow of high-speed, electrically charged particles (plasma) and magnetic fields exuded by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blowing by with an average speed of about a million miles an hour, the solar wind affects the entire solar system, including the Earth. All of the objects in the solar system, even far beyond Pluto, are within this outflowing “bubble” of plasma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Does the Solar Wind Affect Us Here on Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at home, we can see the effects of exceptional solar wind activity: dazzling auroras around Earth’s poles, and “\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/geomagnetic-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">geomagnetic storms\u003c/a>” (fluctuations in \u003ca href=\"http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth’s magnetic field\u003c/a>) that on rare occasion have knocked out power grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These effects, however, are not the result of the solar wind hammering away at our upper atmosphere, but by its interaction with Earth’s more extensive magnetic field. Earth’s atmosphere, for the most part, is safely tucked away within our planet’s great magnetic deflector shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration depicting Earth's dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the "fossil" remnants of Mars' extinct global field.\" width=\"400\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration depicting Earth’s dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the “fossil” remnants of Mars’ extinct global field. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars, however, does not enjoy the same protection. Mars, at present, has no structured global magnetic field as Earth does—the kind with north and south poles and an enveloping donut shape, like a textbook bar magnet. With respect to the solar wind’s abrasive action, Mars’ deflectors are down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had hypothesized, and now MAVEN has verified, that the energetic ions of the solar wind coming into direct contact with Martian atmospheric atoms result in those atoms being kicked off into space, thus slowly leaking away at Mars’ atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Bad Is the Leak in Mars’ Atmosphere?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN has detected\u003c/a> the amount of atmospheric gases escaping from Mars: around 100 grams per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX5JCYBZpcg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About three-quarters of the loss\u003c/a> occurs through a long “tail” extending away from the sun’s direction, and another quarter through a plume spewing off of Mars’ polar region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png\" alt=\"NASA's MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \u003ccite>(Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MAVEN has also found that the loss rate rises dramatically when solar wind activity increases, such as during solar storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight, we can now envision how Mars probably lost a major part of its atmosphere in the solar system’s younger days, billions of years ago, when the sun was more active and the solar wind more abrasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though our understanding of exactly how Mars lost its water-supporting atmosphere won’t bring it back, it may help us better understand what Mars is all about today, including how we might go about looking for any remnants of its global paleoclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed the presence of trickles of briny liquid water\u003c/a> seeping in certain spots on Mars today—a discovery that has scientists interested in finding signs of life on Mars very excited.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Proposal Would Shift State's Bullet Train Bond Funds to Water Projects",
"title": "Proposal Would Shift State's Bullet Train Bond Funds to Water Projects",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Two Republican state lawmakers submitted language Thursday for a ballot initiative that would ask California voters to redirect about $8 billion in bond money from the state's high-speed rail project to build water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board of Equalization member George Runner and Sen. Bob Huff of San Dimas, the former Senate minority leader, said they filed language for the initiative with the attorney general's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot proposal would also authorize shifting $2.7 billion in unspent funds to water storage construction and amend the state constitution to give drinking water and irrigation priority from California's limited water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This initiative secures our water future by building long-overdue expansions of existing facilities and new projects to store, deliver and recycle water for our families, farms and businesses,\" Huff said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California High-Speed Rail Authority did not respond to a request for comment Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes a year after voters approved Proposition 1, a $7.5 billion bond measure that would fund a wide range of water supply projects. About one-third of the money from Prop. 1 could go to surface storage projects such as raising Shasta Dam or building a new dam and reservoir near the western Colusa County community of Sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in 2008 approved selling nearly $10 billion in bonds for a project to link Northern and Southern California by high-speed trains, but many have now soured on it and have questioned whether it will cost the $68 billion that has been projected. Project leaders have faced criticism for its planned route, engineering proposals and insufficient federal funding dedicated to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A March survey by the Public Policy Institute of California found residents were about evenly split on whether they support the rail project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the initiative actually makes it to the ballot depends on how much money supporters can generate to collect signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runner said the campaign would have sufficient money to fund a robust signature-gathering campaign. He said the initiative would offer voters a \"decision point\" on how they want to spend state money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me this is no different than a family trying to decide its own priorities. A lot of times in a family you have conflicting priorities, but you have a limited budget,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of other initiatives, from proposals to raise income and sales taxes to legalizing recreational marijuana, are also expected to compete for attention on the November 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Two leaders of California GOP will try to get measure to switch funds approved in 2008 to water projects. ",
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"description": "Two leaders of California GOP will try to get measure to switch funds approved in 2008 to water projects. ",
"title": "Proposal Would Shift State's Bullet Train Bond Funds to Water Projects | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JWilliamsAP\" target=\"_blank\">Juliet Williams\u003c/a>\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Two Republican state lawmakers submitted language Thursday for a ballot initiative that would ask California voters to redirect about $8 billion in bond money from the state's high-speed rail project to build water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board of Equalization member George Runner and Sen. Bob Huff of San Dimas, the former Senate minority leader, said they filed language for the initiative with the attorney general's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot proposal would also authorize shifting $2.7 billion in unspent funds to water storage construction and amend the state constitution to give drinking water and irrigation priority from California's limited water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This initiative secures our water future by building long-overdue expansions of existing facilities and new projects to store, deliver and recycle water for our families, farms and businesses,\" Huff said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California High-Speed Rail Authority did not respond to a request for comment Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes a year after voters approved Proposition 1, a $7.5 billion bond measure that would fund a wide range of water supply projects. About one-third of the money from Prop. 1 could go to surface storage projects such as raising Shasta Dam or building a new dam and reservoir near the western Colusa County community of Sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in 2008 approved selling nearly $10 billion in bonds for a project to link Northern and Southern California by high-speed trains, but many have now soured on it and have questioned whether it will cost the $68 billion that has been projected. Project leaders have faced criticism for its planned route, engineering proposals and insufficient federal funding dedicated to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A March survey by the Public Policy Institute of California found residents were about evenly split on whether they support the rail project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the initiative actually makes it to the ballot depends on how much money supporters can generate to collect signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runner said the campaign would have sufficient money to fund a robust signature-gathering campaign. He said the initiative would offer voters a \"decision point\" on how they want to spend state money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me this is no different than a family trying to decide its own priorities. A lot of times in a family you have conflicting priorities, but you have a limited budget,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of other initiatives, from proposals to raise income and sales taxes to legalizing recreational marijuana, are also expected to compete for attention on the November 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Southern California Water Agency Moves Ahead With Massive Delta Land Buy",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is moving ahead with a plan to buy four islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta -- a purchase that would secure crucial property rights at the key nexus of the state's water distribution system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MWD board voted 28-3 on Tuesday to authorize a purchase option for just over 20,000 acres on four islands east of Antioch in eastern Contra Costa and western San Joaquin counties -- Webb Tract, Holland Tract, Bouldin Island and Bacon Island. The one-year option, which allows the district to assess the properties, would also include 240 acres on Chipps Island, on Suisun Bay in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/232625834\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed purchase has drawn criticism from environmentalist groups that oppose a state plan to revamp the way water flows through the Delta by building a pair of massive tunnels through the area. Critics have characterized the proposed purchase as part of the district's strategy to make it easier for the state to build the tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD General Manager Jeff Kightlinger said after Tuesday's vote that part of the property may indeed play a role in the tunnel plan -- known formally as the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> by government agencies and now being promoted as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Water Fix\u003c/a> by a coalition of state agencies and water interests, including the MWD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the islands included in the agreement lie directly on the proposed tunnel route. Kightlinger said if the tunnel moves forward, the islands could be used as sites for advance engineering work, for tunnel construction entry points and for dumping the immense amount of \"debris and muck\" that will be produced during excavation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The islands would make good spots for that, because some areas are 20 feet below sea level,\" Kightlinger said. \"So you could both be rebuilding the islands, helping prevent flooding in the area and getting rid of the spoils. So it's sort of a win-win.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eWPCr45i5cYcyH3IgiOB1Tx16HINln5A\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger and district staff also say part of the island property could be used for habitat projects to stabilize threatened fish species. Endangered and threatened fish that use the Delta, including runs of salmon and steelhead and the Delta smelt, have led to some restrictions on pumping water south to the San Joaquin Valley and the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger said there could be other environmental benefits, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We see lots of good projects about waterfowl,\" he said. \"On some of the islands would be really good duck properties. We see lots of good science opportunities -- carbon sequestration and growing tules to see if you can create islands back -- all sorts of things like that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Delta tunnels on Tuesday reiterated their criticism of the project and MWD's apparent strategy in buying the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In secret, it appears MWD is getting into the land management business acquiring properties for a project that is neither approved, nor does it comply with federal and state water quality and environmental protection laws,” said Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD is buying the property from Delta Wetlands Properties, owned by the U.S. subsidiary of Switzerland's Zurich Insurance Group. Delta Wetlands acquired most of the property in the 1980s and, along with Kern County's Semitropic Water Storage District, has been working on a plan that would turn two of the islands into reservoirs and use the rest of the land for habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger said the possibility of water storage on the islands is of only secondary interest to the district. More important, he said, is the possibility that the water rights attached to the properties could help the district execute water transfers and secure supplies for its 19 million customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of the MWD's water now comes through the Delta. The district serves a 5,200-square-mile area that stretches from San Diego to the city of Oxnard in Ventura County.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is moving ahead with a plan to buy four islands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta -- a purchase that would secure crucial property rights at the key nexus of the state's water distribution system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MWD board voted 28-3 on Tuesday to authorize a purchase option for just over 20,000 acres on four islands east of Antioch in eastern Contra Costa and western San Joaquin counties -- Webb Tract, Holland Tract, Bouldin Island and Bacon Island. The one-year option, which allows the district to assess the properties, would also include 240 acres on Chipps Island, on Suisun Bay in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/232625834&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/232625834'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed purchase has drawn criticism from environmentalist groups that oppose a state plan to revamp the way water flows through the Delta by building a pair of massive tunnels through the area. Critics have characterized the proposed purchase as part of the district's strategy to make it easier for the state to build the tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD General Manager Jeff Kightlinger said after Tuesday's vote that part of the property may indeed play a role in the tunnel plan -- known formally as the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> by government agencies and now being promoted as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Water Fix\u003c/a> by a coalition of state agencies and water interests, including the MWD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the islands included in the agreement lie directly on the proposed tunnel route. Kightlinger said if the tunnel moves forward, the islands could be used as sites for advance engineering work, for tunnel construction entry points and for dumping the immense amount of \"debris and muck\" that will be produced during excavation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The islands would make good spots for that, because some areas are 20 feet below sea level,\" Kightlinger said. \"So you could both be rebuilding the islands, helping prevent flooding in the area and getting rid of the spoils. So it's sort of a win-win.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger and district staff also say part of the island property could be used for habitat projects to stabilize threatened fish species. Endangered and threatened fish that use the Delta, including runs of salmon and steelhead and the Delta smelt, have led to some restrictions on pumping water south to the San Joaquin Valley and the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger said there could be other environmental benefits, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We see lots of good projects about waterfowl,\" he said. \"On some of the islands would be really good duck properties. We see lots of good science opportunities -- carbon sequestration and growing tules to see if you can create islands back -- all sorts of things like that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Delta tunnels on Tuesday reiterated their criticism of the project and MWD's apparent strategy in buying the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In secret, it appears MWD is getting into the land management business acquiring properties for a project that is neither approved, nor does it comply with federal and state water quality and environmental protection laws,” said Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MWD is buying the property from Delta Wetlands Properties, owned by the U.S. subsidiary of Switzerland's Zurich Insurance Group. Delta Wetlands acquired most of the property in the 1980s and, along with Kern County's Semitropic Water Storage District, has been working on a plan that would turn two of the islands into reservoirs and use the rest of the land for habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kightlinger said the possibility of water storage on the islands is of only secondary interest to the district. More important, he said, is the possibility that the water rights attached to the properties could help the district execute water transfers and secure supplies for its 19 million customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of the MWD's water now comes through the Delta. The district serves a 5,200-square-mile area that stretches from San Diego to the city of Oxnard in Ventura County.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At least three ski resorts have opened early and several more will open this week after fresh powder blanketed parts of the Sierra on Monday following a winter-like storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boreal Mountain Resort was the first ski resort in Northern California to open for the season when lifts started running last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a long summer of preparations, we’re more ready than we have ever been to kick off the winter season,” said Boreal Mountain Resort Vice President Matt Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavenly Mountain Resort and Northstar California will kick off the ski season six days earlier than initially planned, with both Lake Tahoe ski resorts opening Saturday. Already, Mt. Rose Ski Tahoe and Mammoth Mountain are also operating lifts. Alpine Meadows opens Thursday and Squaw Valley Ski Resort will also be up and running Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a two-day wet system moving across California brought cool, wet weather to low-lying areas and snow to the mountains. The welcome moisture will not end the state’s four-year drought, but forecasters expect a strong El Niño winter to bring above-average precipitation to parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow in the mountains is also bringing business to the lowlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”c3O0dk3o1uv9EqTw2yVFJz1bj82FqMEp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Beyeler co-owns MountainWest ski shop in San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Thunder-lightning-rain-in-Bay-Area-and-snow-in-6619505.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that business was bustling over the weekend with skiers and boarders headed to the Sierra. Typically, the mountains and their ski resorts are barren before Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger resorts that are open have large snowmaking operations, but even the smaller resorts, such as China Peak Mountain Resort in Lakeshore, California, are optimistic about a good snow season. Tim Cohee, owner of China Peak, said Tuesday that they are inching toward opening the Saturday before Thanksgiving. They had more than a foot of snow last week and about 7 inches since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a lot better than it has been,” said Cohee. Last year, the Central California resort closed early for the season for lack of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years have been beyond anyone’s imagination for how bad it could be,” he added. “It’s already way better. It’s been such a rough ride for skiers and snowboarders that everyone in the state feels an obligation to open early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 27 resorts — and two in neighboring Nevada — make up the nation’s second-most-popular destination for skiers and snowboarders after Colorado, said Bob Roberts, executive director of the California Ski Industry Association.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At least three ski resorts have opened early and several more will open this week after fresh powder blanketed parts of the Sierra on Monday following a winter-like storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boreal Mountain Resort was the first ski resort in Northern California to open for the season when lifts started running last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a long summer of preparations, we’re more ready than we have ever been to kick off the winter season,” said Boreal Mountain Resort Vice President Matt Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavenly Mountain Resort and Northstar California will kick off the ski season six days earlier than initially planned, with both Lake Tahoe ski resorts opening Saturday. Already, Mt. Rose Ski Tahoe and Mammoth Mountain are also operating lifts. Alpine Meadows opens Thursday and Squaw Valley Ski Resort will also be up and running Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a two-day wet system moving across California brought cool, wet weather to low-lying areas and snow to the mountains. The welcome moisture will not end the state’s four-year drought, but forecasters expect a strong El Niño winter to bring above-average precipitation to parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow in the mountains is also bringing business to the lowlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Beyeler co-owns MountainWest ski shop in San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Thunder-lightning-rain-in-Bay-Area-and-snow-in-6619505.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that business was bustling over the weekend with skiers and boarders headed to the Sierra. Typically, the mountains and their ski resorts are barren before Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger resorts that are open have large snowmaking operations, but even the smaller resorts, such as China Peak Mountain Resort in Lakeshore, California, are optimistic about a good snow season. Tim Cohee, owner of China Peak, said Tuesday that they are inching toward opening the Saturday before Thanksgiving. They had more than a foot of snow last week and about 7 inches since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a lot better than it has been,” said Cohee. Last year, the Central California resort closed early for the season for lack of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years have been beyond anyone’s imagination for how bad it could be,” he added. “It’s already way better. It’s been such a rough ride for skiers and snowboarders that everyone in the state feels an obligation to open early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 27 resorts — and two in neighboring Nevada — make up the nation’s second-most-popular destination for skiers and snowboarders after Colorado, said Bob Roberts, executive director of the California Ski Industry Association.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "First U.S.-Mexico Wind Energy Project Faces Legal Challenge",
"title": "First U.S.-Mexico Wind Energy Project Faces Legal Challenge",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A historic wind farm in Mexico started sending electricity across the border into San Diego County \u003ca href=\"http://www.intergen.com/intergen-and-ienova-begin-commercial-operation-of-energia-sierra-juarez-wind-project/\">this summer\u003c/a>, but some residents are still fighting it in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez, a subsidiary of Sempra Energy, is the first cross-border wind generation project between the U.S. and Mexico. Although clean energy collaboration was on the agenda for industry leaders meeting at San Diego's \u003ca href=\"http://borderenergyforum.org/\">Border Energy Forum\u003c/a> in mid-October, some residents claim its first incarnation violates the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind farm in Rumorosa, Baja California, sells 100 percent of its output to San Diego Gas & Electric under a 20-year $820 million power purchase agreement. Sempra affiliates IEnova and InterGen plan to expand the farm’s capacity for 155 megawatts by up to \u003ca href=\"http://ienova.com.mx/english/services-esj.html\">700 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a 1,200-megawatt capacity and hundreds of new turbines, its output would be comparable with that of the largest wind farm in the U.S., Alta Wind Energy Center in Kern County. Subsequent phases could theoretically connect to the Mexican grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/t5RpP_As0DI?list=PL_wiEYr9F4eleQRF5vKl0wxe4Go6HGXly\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is part of a binational scramble for clean energy. California must get \u003ca href=\"http://www.usnews.com/news/science/news/articles/2015/10/08/california-wants-renewable-energy-for-half-its-power-by-2030\">half of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewables by 2030, up from a previous target of 33 percent. Mexico recently set a target of \u003ca href=\"http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/05/mexicos-newly-opened-energy-market-attracts-renewables.html\">35 percent\u003c/a> by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these agencies and companies are in lockstep on this green energy rush, whether it’s actually beneficial to us or not,” said Donna Tisdale, a resident of Boulevard in East San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisdale is leading the lawsuit against Energía Sierra Juárez, which also names the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Among other things, the lawsuit claims the Department of Energy issued a presidential permit without considering environmental impacts in Mexico or alternative clean energy projects, as required by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘All one landscape’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra de Juárez mountain range where the turbines are located is part of what environmentalists call “the Western spine” of North America. The landscape includes coniferous forest, desert scrub, chaparral and piñon pine. The area is home to the endangered Peninsular bighorn sheep, mountain lions, California condors, golden eagles and other cross-border creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I would like to see Californians take more responsibility for conservation in Mexico because it is all one landscape'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Opponents to Energía Sierra Juárez argue the wind farm hurts wildlife and is disrupting migration patterns on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural resources don’t recognize any sort of political boundaries,” said Jerre Stallcup, senior conservation ecologist at the Conservation Biology Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental impacts in Mexico can have consequences in the U.S., she said. She is not part of the lawsuit against the wind farm, but she said she is concerned about its environmental impacts and has launched \u003ca href=\"http://consbio.org/products/projects/conservation-california-baja\">an initiative\u003c/a> to protect the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-800x442.jpg\" alt=\"A map based on information from Sempra Energy documents and environmental impact assessment reports for Energía Sierra Juárez, the first U.S.-Mexico wind energy project.\" width=\"800\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map based on information from Sempra Energy documents and environmental impact assessment reports for Energía Sierra Juárez, the first U.S.-Mexico wind energy project. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would just like to see Californians take more responsibility for resource conservation and management in Mexico because it is all one landscape,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy did not respond to requests for comment for this story. Sempra Energy also declined an interview, but operator IEnova said in an email that the company is “committed to the respect, protection and conservation of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company cited an on-site nursery containing nearly 7,000 rescued plants, a bird and bat monitoring program and the safe relocation of 95 rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green lights from Mexican officials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the court documents, defendants argue they don’t have to consider environmental impacts in Mexico, so long as that country approves. Mexico’s national environmental agency, Semarnat, gave the project a green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It not only meets the environmental impact requirements, it also deals with climate change and global warming problems,” said Alfonso Blancafort, Semarnat’s federal representative in Baja California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752610\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines-800x453.jpg\" alt=\"The wind farm Energía Sierra Juárez as seen from Jacume in Baja California, Sept. 27, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752610\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wind farm Energía Sierra Juárez as seen from Jacume in Baja California, Sept. 27, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blancafort said that although Mexico is not yet receiving any of the project’s electricity, the country and the environment as a whole are benefiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we have the perception of being a region. If we have a wind farm that generates electricity with a low impact on the environment and lower emissions to the atmosphere, this whole region benefits,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new chapter of collaboration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadb.org/Reports1/Press_Releases/english/2015/081915.htm\">inauguration ceremony\u003c/a> in August, top Mexican officials applauded the wind farm, saying it signals a new chapter of clean energy collaboration between the U.S. and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico’s energy minister, Pedro Joaquin Coldwell, said, “Baja California is distinguishing itself as a state that bets on clean energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeping energy reforms in Mexico helped push the project forward, as President Enrique Peña Nieto opened the market to private investment and set new clean energy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both the U.S. and the Mexican governments have been, as part of the bilateral agenda, talking about increasing collaboration on renewable energy, especially along the border,” said Gerónimo Gutiérrez, president of the North American Development Bank, which helped finance the $300 million Baja California wind farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say (Energía Sierra Juárez) is a good and clear example of what can be accomplished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The failed fight in Mexico\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Mexican environmental organization Terra Peninsular filed a lawsuit against Semarnat for approving the project’s environmental impact assessment for Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental impact assessments are not done properly,” said Terra Peninsular board member Oracio De la Cueva. “They’re rubber-stamped and we don’t see a follow-up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact assessment, known as an MIA in Mexico, outlined an impact area of hundreds of square miles without specifying exact locations of turbines, roads and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact locations are important, De La Cueva said, because they determine how much of an impact there would be on wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never read or come across an application for an impact permit that was so poorly undertaken,” said Aaron Quintanar, a San Diego resident and environmentalist who served as an adviser in the Mexican lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he cares about the Sierra de Juárez because he \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2011/jan/07/pursuit-green-energy-sources-expands-mexico/\">often visits to hike\u003c/a> and enjoy nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my wild place,” Quintanar said . “My whole life I’ve been up here on these ranges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semarnat’s Blancafort said the MIA met the legal requirements in Mexico. The Mexican lawsuit failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The U.S. lawsuit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Ostrander lives in Jacumba Hot Springs, footsteps from the border fence. His property is a maze of vintage machines and other equipment he tinkers with and recycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I just make stuff,” he said. “I don’t like to see stuff thrown away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752613\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Jacumba Hot Springs resident Mark Ostrander at home, Sept. 28, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacumba Hot Springs resident Mark Ostrander at home, Sept. 28, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He even installed a vertical axis wind turbine on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t pay a utility bill at this point because I have solar and wind,” he said. “I’m trying to do my part to reduce my carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it may come as a surprise to learn that Ostrander is part of the lawsuit against Energía Sierra Juárez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrander can see the turbines from his property, and he says their flashing red lights have ruined his stargazing opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More importantly, though, he said he’s concerned about fire. Ostrander is a retired battalion chief for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. He fought fires for nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the industrial scale of Energia Sierra Juarez makes it a fire threat, especially during drought. The first phase alone includes 47 turbines, a nearly 5-mile cross-border transmission line and 25 miles of new roads. The project required the construction of a $435 million substation just north of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the region’s worst wildfires in recent history were caused by power lines, such as the 2007 Witch Fire, Ostrander said. And roads encourage traffic, which increases the risk of human-induced fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrander is also concerned about environmental damage. He said bobcats, deer and other wild animals have started showing up on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much encroachment on their territory that they’re looking for any safe place, and I don’t harass them, so they just stay here,” he said. “But I have to watch out for my pets because they may become dinner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The woman behind the legal challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisdale, the Boulevard resident who is leading the fight against Energía Sierra Juárez, said she knows she won’t be able to undo the first phase of the project. But there’s still the expansion to think of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be of a certain persuasion to enjoy country life, and not everybody appreciates it, but it’s really missed when it’s gone,” said Tisdale, who has been likened to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2011/dec/02/backcountry-warrior-donna-tisdale-keeps-up-the-f/\">a local Erin Brockovich\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Donna Tisdale stands in her Boulevard Ranch, Sept. 28, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752616\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna Tisdale stands in her Boulevard Ranch, Sept. 28, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is just one of numerous wind farms and other industrial projects that Tisdale is fighting or has challenged with her nonprofit, Backcountry Against Dumps. It started in the late '80s, when she helped the Campo Indians fight off a 600-acre landfill they believed would poison their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is concerned about the possible human health risks, in addition to environmental impacts tied to Energía Sierra Juárez. Like Ostrander, Tisdale can see the turbines from her property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turbines generate a low-frequency noise, and some of it’s actually infrasound, where you cannot physically hear it but your body’s reacting to it, so it triggers what is called the fight-or-flight response,” she said. “You may not realize what is stressing you out, or what’s draining your adrenal glands, but you’re actually being affected by the wind turbines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 Institute For Energy Research \u003ca href=\"http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Hard-Facts-May-2014-Final.pdf\">Hard Facts report\u003c/a> cites a Minnesota Department of Health study as evidence that there are negative human health impacts from wind farms, such as those described by Tisdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asfaw Beyene, professor of mechanical engineering at San Diego State University, said he’s not convinced. He said the only serious concern related to wind farms is the fact that they kill birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These discomforts are quite minor compared to the global problem we are facing in terms of climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is expected to displace nearly 126,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. That's equivalent to the annual emissions of nearly 27,000 average passenger vehicles, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420f14040a.pdf\">2014 data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a September order, U.S. District Judge James Lorenz dismissed plaintiffs' motions for summary judgment on environmental issues. But he granted that the Department of Energy did not adequately consider alternatives to Energía Sierra Juárez. He said the statement of purpose and need for the presidential permit \"focused almost exclusively on private interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatives include distributive options like Ostrander’s home solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel like energy should be generated closer to the point of use,” Tisdale said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would eliminate the need for long transmission lines and decrease wildlife damage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Praise from Mexicans who live near the turbines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexicans who live next to the turbines say they’re happy with them. The wind farm is located on the communally owned land of Ejido Jacumé, just south of the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lease the land to the company, right? And the company put the turbines, giving us a percentage of their profits,” said José Mercado, a 62-year-old resident of Jacumé.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Jacumé resident José Mercado stands behind the counter of a supermarket near the center of town, Sept. 27, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752618\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacumé resident José Mercado stands behind the counter of a supermarket near the center of town, Sept. 27, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each of the 76 members of the commune gets about $25 per person on the lease, while dividing 4 percent of revenues from the sale of electricity. That amounts to about $2,000 a month, Mercado said. That’s huge for Jacumé, where the primary income source had been livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The land wasn’t apt for plantings, or even construction, because it’s all just rock,” he said. “(The wind farm) gives us money to survive without having to work. That’s what we want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s concerned about possible harm to wildlife, but he decided it wasn’t his priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the way of the Mexican. We see the cash and the present, not the people in front or behind us. Like the government, which thinks only of its purse, and says, countrymen, figure things out on your own,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Boulevard, Tisdale said she doesn’t blame the residents of Jacumé for accepting the wind farm on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you don’t have anything, and someone offers you something, it’s hard to say no,” she said. “And we don’t hold that against people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s why she sees it as her responsibility to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A historic wind farm in Mexico started sending electricity across the border into San Diego County \u003ca href=\"http://www.intergen.com/intergen-and-ienova-begin-commercial-operation-of-energia-sierra-juarez-wind-project/\">this summer\u003c/a>, but some residents are still fighting it in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez, a subsidiary of Sempra Energy, is the first cross-border wind generation project between the U.S. and Mexico. Although clean energy collaboration was on the agenda for industry leaders meeting at San Diego's \u003ca href=\"http://borderenergyforum.org/\">Border Energy Forum\u003c/a> in mid-October, some residents claim its first incarnation violates the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind farm in Rumorosa, Baja California, sells 100 percent of its output to San Diego Gas & Electric under a 20-year $820 million power purchase agreement. Sempra affiliates IEnova and InterGen plan to expand the farm’s capacity for 155 megawatts by up to \u003ca href=\"http://ienova.com.mx/english/services-esj.html\">700 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a 1,200-megawatt capacity and hundreds of new turbines, its output would be comparable with that of the largest wind farm in the U.S., Alta Wind Energy Center in Kern County. Subsequent phases could theoretically connect to the Mexican grid.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/t5RpP_As0DI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/t5RpP_As0DI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is part of a binational scramble for clean energy. California must get \u003ca href=\"http://www.usnews.com/news/science/news/articles/2015/10/08/california-wants-renewable-energy-for-half-its-power-by-2030\">half of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewables by 2030, up from a previous target of 33 percent. Mexico recently set a target of \u003ca href=\"http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/05/mexicos-newly-opened-energy-market-attracts-renewables.html\">35 percent\u003c/a> by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these agencies and companies are in lockstep on this green energy rush, whether it’s actually beneficial to us or not,” said Donna Tisdale, a resident of Boulevard in East San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisdale is leading the lawsuit against Energía Sierra Juárez, which also names the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Among other things, the lawsuit claims the Department of Energy issued a presidential permit without considering environmental impacts in Mexico or alternative clean energy projects, as required by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘All one landscape’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra de Juárez mountain range where the turbines are located is part of what environmentalists call “the Western spine” of North America. The landscape includes coniferous forest, desert scrub, chaparral and piñon pine. The area is home to the endangered Peninsular bighorn sheep, mountain lions, California condors, golden eagles and other cross-border creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I would like to see Californians take more responsibility for conservation in Mexico because it is all one landscape'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Opponents to Energía Sierra Juárez argue the wind farm hurts wildlife and is disrupting migration patterns on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural resources don’t recognize any sort of political boundaries,” said Jerre Stallcup, senior conservation ecologist at the Conservation Biology Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental impacts in Mexico can have consequences in the U.S., she said. She is not part of the lawsuit against the wind farm, but she said she is concerned about its environmental impacts and has launched \u003ca href=\"http://consbio.org/products/projects/conservation-california-baja\">an initiative\u003c/a> to protect the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-800x442.jpg\" alt=\"A map based on information from Sempra Energy documents and environmental impact assessment reports for Energía Sierra Juárez, the first U.S.-Mexico wind energy project.\" width=\"800\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WindFarmGraphic-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map based on information from Sempra Energy documents and environmental impact assessment reports for Energía Sierra Juárez, the first U.S.-Mexico wind energy project. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would just like to see Californians take more responsibility for resource conservation and management in Mexico because it is all one landscape,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Energy did not respond to requests for comment for this story. Sempra Energy also declined an interview, but operator IEnova said in an email that the company is “committed to the respect, protection and conservation of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company cited an on-site nursery containing nearly 7,000 rescued plants, a bird and bat monitoring program and the safe relocation of 95 rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Green lights from Mexican officials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the court documents, defendants argue they don’t have to consider environmental impacts in Mexico, so long as that country approves. Mexico’s national environmental agency, Semarnat, gave the project a green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It not only meets the environmental impact requirements, it also deals with climate change and global warming problems,” said Alfonso Blancafort, Semarnat’s federal representative in Baja California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752610\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines-800x453.jpg\" alt=\"The wind farm Energía Sierra Juárez as seen from Jacume in Baja California, Sept. 27, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752610\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/MexicoFlagTurbines-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wind farm Energía Sierra Juárez as seen from Jacume in Baja California, Sept. 27, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blancafort said that although Mexico is not yet receiving any of the project’s electricity, the country and the environment as a whole are benefiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we have the perception of being a region. If we have a wind farm that generates electricity with a low impact on the environment and lower emissions to the atmosphere, this whole region benefits,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new chapter of collaboration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadb.org/Reports1/Press_Releases/english/2015/081915.htm\">inauguration ceremony\u003c/a> in August, top Mexican officials applauded the wind farm, saying it signals a new chapter of clean energy collaboration between the U.S. and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico’s energy minister, Pedro Joaquin Coldwell, said, “Baja California is distinguishing itself as a state that bets on clean energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeping energy reforms in Mexico helped push the project forward, as President Enrique Peña Nieto opened the market to private investment and set new clean energy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both the U.S. and the Mexican governments have been, as part of the bilateral agenda, talking about increasing collaboration on renewable energy, especially along the border,” said Gerónimo Gutiérrez, president of the North American Development Bank, which helped finance the $300 million Baja California wind farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say (Energía Sierra Juárez) is a good and clear example of what can be accomplished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The failed fight in Mexico\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Mexican environmental organization Terra Peninsular filed a lawsuit against Semarnat for approving the project’s environmental impact assessment for Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmental impact assessments are not done properly,” said Terra Peninsular board member Oracio De la Cueva. “They’re rubber-stamped and we don’t see a follow-up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact assessment, known as an MIA in Mexico, outlined an impact area of hundreds of square miles without specifying exact locations of turbines, roads and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact locations are important, De La Cueva said, because they determine how much of an impact there would be on wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never read or come across an application for an impact permit that was so poorly undertaken,” said Aaron Quintanar, a San Diego resident and environmentalist who served as an adviser in the Mexican lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he cares about the Sierra de Juárez because he \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2011/jan/07/pursuit-green-energy-sources-expands-mexico/\">often visits to hike\u003c/a> and enjoy nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is my wild place,” Quintanar said . “My whole life I’ve been up here on these ranges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semarnat’s Blancafort said the MIA met the legal requirements in Mexico. The Mexican lawsuit failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The U.S. lawsuit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Ostrander lives in Jacumba Hot Springs, footsteps from the border fence. His property is a maze of vintage machines and other equipment he tinkers with and recycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I just make stuff,” he said. “I don’t like to see stuff thrown away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752613\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Jacumba Hot Springs resident Mark Ostrander at home, Sept. 28, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Ostrander-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacumba Hot Springs resident Mark Ostrander at home, Sept. 28, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He even installed a vertical axis wind turbine on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t pay a utility bill at this point because I have solar and wind,” he said. “I’m trying to do my part to reduce my carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it may come as a surprise to learn that Ostrander is part of the lawsuit against Energía Sierra Juárez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrander can see the turbines from his property, and he says their flashing red lights have ruined his stargazing opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More importantly, though, he said he’s concerned about fire. Ostrander is a retired battalion chief for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. He fought fires for nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the industrial scale of Energia Sierra Juarez makes it a fire threat, especially during drought. The first phase alone includes 47 turbines, a nearly 5-mile cross-border transmission line and 25 miles of new roads. The project required the construction of a $435 million substation just north of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the region’s worst wildfires in recent history were caused by power lines, such as the 2007 Witch Fire, Ostrander said. And roads encourage traffic, which increases the risk of human-induced fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrander is also concerned about environmental damage. He said bobcats, deer and other wild animals have started showing up on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much encroachment on their territory that they’re looking for any safe place, and I don’t harass them, so they just stay here,” he said. “But I have to watch out for my pets because they may become dinner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The woman behind the legal challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisdale, the Boulevard resident who is leading the fight against Energía Sierra Juárez, said she knows she won’t be able to undo the first phase of the project. But there’s still the expansion to think of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be of a certain persuasion to enjoy country life, and not everybody appreciates it, but it’s really missed when it’s gone,” said Tisdale, who has been likened to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2011/dec/02/backcountry-warrior-donna-tisdale-keeps-up-the-f/\">a local Erin Brockovich\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Donna Tisdale stands in her Boulevard Ranch, Sept. 28, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752616\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/LawsuitWoman-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna Tisdale stands in her Boulevard Ranch, Sept. 28, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is just one of numerous wind farms and other industrial projects that Tisdale is fighting or has challenged with her nonprofit, Backcountry Against Dumps. It started in the late '80s, when she helped the Campo Indians fight off a 600-acre landfill they believed would poison their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is concerned about the possible human health risks, in addition to environmental impacts tied to Energía Sierra Juárez. Like Ostrander, Tisdale can see the turbines from her property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turbines generate a low-frequency noise, and some of it’s actually infrasound, where you cannot physically hear it but your body’s reacting to it, so it triggers what is called the fight-or-flight response,” she said. “You may not realize what is stressing you out, or what’s draining your adrenal glands, but you’re actually being affected by the wind turbines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 Institute For Energy Research \u003ca href=\"http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Hard-Facts-May-2014-Final.pdf\">Hard Facts report\u003c/a> cites a Minnesota Department of Health study as evidence that there are negative human health impacts from wind farms, such as those described by Tisdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asfaw Beyene, professor of mechanical engineering at San Diego State University, said he’s not convinced. He said the only serious concern related to wind farms is the fact that they kill birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These discomforts are quite minor compared to the global problem we are facing in terms of climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energía Sierra Juárez is expected to displace nearly 126,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. That's equivalent to the annual emissions of nearly 27,000 average passenger vehicles, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420f14040a.pdf\">2014 data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a September order, U.S. District Judge James Lorenz dismissed plaintiffs' motions for summary judgment on environmental issues. But he granted that the Department of Energy did not adequately consider alternatives to Energía Sierra Juárez. He said the statement of purpose and need for the presidential permit \"focused almost exclusively on private interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatives include distributive options like Ostrander’s home solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel like energy should be generated closer to the point of use,” Tisdale said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would eliminate the need for long transmission lines and decrease wildlife damage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Praise from Mexicans who live near the turbines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexicans who live next to the turbines say they’re happy with them. The wind farm is located on the communally owned land of Ejido Jacumé, just south of the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lease the land to the company, right? And the company put the turbines, giving us a percentage of their profits,” said José Mercado, a 62-year-old resident of Jacumé.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10752618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Jacumé resident José Mercado stands behind the counter of a supermarket near the center of town, Sept. 27, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10752618\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JoseMercao-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacumé resident José Mercado stands behind the counter of a supermarket near the center of town, Sept. 27, 2015. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each of the 76 members of the commune gets about $25 per person on the lease, while dividing 4 percent of revenues from the sale of electricity. That amounts to about $2,000 a month, Mercado said. That’s huge for Jacumé, where the primary income source had been livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The land wasn’t apt for plantings, or even construction, because it’s all just rock,” he said. “(The wind farm) gives us money to survive without having to work. That’s what we want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s concerned about possible harm to wildlife, but he decided it wasn’t his priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the way of the Mexican. We see the cash and the present, not the people in front or behind us. Like the government, which thinks only of its purse, and says, countrymen, figure things out on your own,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Boulevard, Tisdale said she doesn’t blame the residents of Jacumé for accepting the wind farm on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you don’t have anything, and someone offers you something, it’s hard to say no,” she said. “And we don’t hold that against people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s why she sees it as her responsibility to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SeaWorld to End Orca Shows in San Diego by 2017",
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"headTitle": "SeaWorld to End Orca Shows in San Diego by 2017 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>SeaWorld will end orca shows at its San Diego park by 2017, its top executive said Monday, saying customers at the location have made clear they prefer killer whales acting more naturally rather than doing tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Joel Manby told investors that the park — where the iconic shows of killer whales doing flips and other stunts debuted decades ago — will offer a different kind of orca experience focusing on the animal’s natural setting and its behaviors, starting in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal rights activists called the move a marketing gimmick and want the company to phase out holding whales in captivity at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news comes in the wake of California congressman Adam Schiff’s announcement on Friday that he plans federal legislation to phase out the captivity of killer whales nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando, Florida-based SeaWorld has seen revenue drop since the 2013 release of the documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.blackfishmovie.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blackfish\u003c/a>,” which examined how orcas respond to captivity, particularly in the case of Tilikum, a killer whale that caused trainer Dawn Brancheau’s 2010 death by pulling her into a pool at SeaWorld Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”vA4UwF3zhcZ85K7brHqPjYAoZEy8d8Ow”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance has dropped the most at SeaWorld’s San Diego location, and the decision to end such shows would be limited for now to that park, the original home of Shamu. Shows at its other parks, including in San Antonio and Orlando, will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theatrical production of the show in that market is what they wanted to see less of,” Manby said of San Diego’s customers. “But it’s not universal across our properties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manby told investors that the new killer whale attraction will “have a strong conservation message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the orca experience to be activities the whales do in the wild,” Manby said of California customers. “Things they perceive as tricks, they don’t like as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Killer whale shows were the park’s main draw in the 1970s and helped build SeaWorld as a top attraction. Trainers would ride the whales in the giant pool before getting out and signaling for the orca to slap its tail in the water to splash spectators in a “splash zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) said the move does not go far enough and urged investment in whale sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An end to SeaWorld’s tawdry circus-style shows is inevitable and necessary, but it’s captivity that denies these far-ranging orcas everything that is natural and important to them,” PETA’s Jared Goodman said. “This move is like no longer whipping lions in a circus act but keeping them locked inside cages for life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news came days after SeaWorld Entertainment Inc. reported that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/seaworld-misses-quarterly-marks-amid-public-image-battle-1446731014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">third-quarter earnings missed\u003c/a> Wall Street expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld earlier this year announced plans for a $100 million expansion of the San Diego park’s killer whale tanks to boost attendance, but Manby indicated to investors it may shelve that project now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission endorsed the plans last month on the condition SeaWorld agree to stop breeding orcas in captivity and not transfer or sell them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said it plans to challenge that decision in court. Manby said Monday that the company had no other choice because the ruling set a “bad precedent” for not only SeaWorld but all zoos, aquariums and other animal parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly know with the regulatory environment out there that happened with orcas, and some of what happened in California, with the reputation out there, I think we would be foolish if we didn’t look at other options, in case that happens,” Manby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that SeaWorld may be able to achieve its objective, which he did not specify, without proceeding with the tank expansion project, called “Blue World.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manby also announced that the company is considering adding hotels at several of its locations to attract overnight visitors, starting with San Diego. SeaWorld has reached an agreement with a San Diego-based hotelier to look at building a theme resort on its park property, though they are just in the exploratory phase.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The company will retool its presentation of orcas in San Diego to 'have a strong conservation message.' It has no plans to cease holding the animals in captivity.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Julie Watson\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Mike Schneider\u003cbr>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SeaWorld will end orca shows at its San Diego park by 2017, its top executive said Monday, saying customers at the location have made clear they prefer killer whales acting more naturally rather than doing tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Joel Manby told investors that the park — where the iconic shows of killer whales doing flips and other stunts debuted decades ago — will offer a different kind of orca experience focusing on the animal’s natural setting and its behaviors, starting in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal rights activists called the move a marketing gimmick and want the company to phase out holding whales in captivity at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news comes in the wake of California congressman Adam Schiff’s announcement on Friday that he plans federal legislation to phase out the captivity of killer whales nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando, Florida-based SeaWorld has seen revenue drop since the 2013 release of the documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.blackfishmovie.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blackfish\u003c/a>,” which examined how orcas respond to captivity, particularly in the case of Tilikum, a killer whale that caused trainer Dawn Brancheau’s 2010 death by pulling her into a pool at SeaWorld Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attendance has dropped the most at SeaWorld’s San Diego location, and the decision to end such shows would be limited for now to that park, the original home of Shamu. Shows at its other parks, including in San Antonio and Orlando, will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theatrical production of the show in that market is what they wanted to see less of,” Manby said of San Diego’s customers. “But it’s not universal across our properties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manby told investors that the new killer whale attraction will “have a strong conservation message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the orca experience to be activities the whales do in the wild,” Manby said of California customers. “Things they perceive as tricks, they don’t like as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Killer whale shows were the park’s main draw in the 1970s and helped build SeaWorld as a top attraction. Trainers would ride the whales in the giant pool before getting out and signaling for the orca to slap its tail in the water to splash spectators in a “splash zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) said the move does not go far enough and urged investment in whale sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An end to SeaWorld’s tawdry circus-style shows is inevitable and necessary, but it’s captivity that denies these far-ranging orcas everything that is natural and important to them,” PETA’s Jared Goodman said. “This move is like no longer whipping lions in a circus act but keeping them locked inside cages for life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news came days after SeaWorld Entertainment Inc. reported that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/seaworld-misses-quarterly-marks-amid-public-image-battle-1446731014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">third-quarter earnings missed\u003c/a> Wall Street expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld earlier this year announced plans for a $100 million expansion of the San Diego park’s killer whale tanks to boost attendance, but Manby indicated to investors it may shelve that project now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission endorsed the plans last month on the condition SeaWorld agree to stop breeding orcas in captivity and not transfer or sell them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said it plans to challenge that decision in court. Manby said Monday that the company had no other choice because the ruling set a “bad precedent” for not only SeaWorld but all zoos, aquariums and other animal parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly know with the regulatory environment out there that happened with orcas, and some of what happened in California, with the reputation out there, I think we would be foolish if we didn’t look at other options, in case that happens,” Manby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that SeaWorld may be able to achieve its objective, which he did not specify, without proceeding with the tank expansion project, called “Blue World.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manby also announced that the company is considering adding hotels at several of its locations to attract overnight visitors, starting with San Diego. SeaWorld has reached an agreement with a San Diego-based hotelier to look at building a theme resort on its park property, though they are just in the exploratory phase.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Fresno Farmer Defies Drought to Sustain Link Between Country and City",
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"content": "\u003cp>Collard greens, black-eyed peas and red and green tomatoes fill the table of a small farmstand in central Fresno, enticing urban dwellers out for their Saturday morning coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to purchase this lovely, beautiful bunch of greens,” one customer says. “How much are they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re $3 a pound. Fifteen-year-old Dashon Standifer helps his mom, Porsha, bag the greens. He helped grow these crops, as did his twin brother, Dayvon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twins also know how to cook with the produce. They’ve got a good recipe for relish and another for homemade pie from tomato stew. It tastes like apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it mock pie,” Dayvon says. “We also make our own homemade crust!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748564\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748564\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg\" alt=\"With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1032\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-400x516.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1440x1857.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1180x1522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-960x1238.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They entered their mock pie and canned relish into cooking and baking contests at the local fair, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofair.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Big Fresno Fair\u003c/a>. Both entrees won first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers got their gardening and cooking skills through a program called the Freedom School at their \u003ca href=\"http://xyfloyd.wix.com/new-light\">New Light for New Life church\u003c/a> in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of their mentors was a 75-year-old farmer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scottfamilyfarms.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Will Scott Jr.\u003c/a> He’s been teaching farming skills to young African-Americans for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know how to work the tractor, and grow food,” says Dayvon. “And Will Scott is a good role model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s been one for years. Scott helped establish a demonstration farm where kids can get their hands dirty. And he’s introduced hundreds of kids to agriculture in one way or another, either through talks he gives at churches and schools or out on the land, where he teaches farming step by step, row by row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only how to condition the land, but also how to plant and then do maintenance on it,” Scott says. “And then the harvest part of it and [we] also look at the marketing aspect of it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there’s still a negative association with farming that comes from a history of slavery and oppression. Scott’s own grandfather and father were sharecroppers in Oklahoma. He was 5 when they left the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748618\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg\" alt=\"Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"915\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-400x458.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1440x1647.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1180x1350.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-960x1098.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we got off the tab,” Scott says. “You had a tab, you know. You were almost chained to the land. So when you paid your tab off, you’re free to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says agriculture can now mean a job, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s farming the land but there are plenty of other related opportunities, he says, like installing drip systems. Or well drilling, he says, looking over his shoulder at his own well. It’s a topic he’s been confronted with lately. Because of the drought, Scott’s well will likely go dry by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need to take it deeper so I have access to more water, give me some kind of guarantee and less worry,” he says. But to replace it with a much deeper well could cost around $40,000 and, like most small farmers, Scott doesn’t have that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a predicament many small farmers face, says retired University of California farm adviser Richard Molinar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1049\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-400x524.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1440x1888.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1180x1547.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-960x1259.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the same resources. They don’t have the same bankroll that the large corporate farms do,” he says. “So they’re, in many cases, living on the edge. Their farm is being held together with shoelaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molinar says Scott has been a voice for African-American farmers. In fact, Scott helped found the Fresno-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AAFCalifornia/\">African-American Farmers of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has devoted at least the last 20 years to not only farming but also to advocate for the black youth and African-American farmers,” Molinar says. “He’s been thinking of other people and not himself, and he is now in some constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Scott went into farming full time, he was an engineer for Pacific Bell. Now he spends his days growing mustard greens, turnips, collards, broccoli, lettuce, okra and black-eyed peas. He says small farming is a way of life that is being threatened, especially now with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The small farmers’ way of life is something we must sustain,” Scott says. “This country was built on small farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Floyd Harris, a minister at New Light for New Life Church in Fresno, understands Scott’s plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is also a farmer and the founder of the Freedom School, the program the Standifer twins are enrolled in. The Freedom School teaches boys important life skills to help them become well-rounded, healthy men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-400x470.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1440x1691.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1180x1385.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-960x1127.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris says Scott also advised him on a community garden behind the church. “You know he reaches out, not just here in Fresno but he’s down in the Bay Area, he’s down in L.A.,” Harris says. “And so every seed that he plants, I will say, is a seed of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Scott hauls his produce every week to a neighborhood in Oakland, where he says there are plenty of liquor stores but not a lot of fresh food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that when Scott teaches kids what happens when seeds and water mix, it’s inspiring. “And three months later you can go to that same plant that you touched and you dug a hole for, and see that that one plant has 50 tomatoes, or 30 tomatoes green and red,” Harris says. “That’s hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some hope for Scott. Another farmer, Paul Buxman, has started a campaign to raise money for him. Buxman is known for his tasty \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/sweet-home-ranch-v.html\">Sweet Home Ranch \u003c/a>jams, but he’s also an accomplished impressionistic \u003ca href=\"http://www.shinnphoto.com/Paul-Buxman/\">painter\u003c/a> whose rural scenes of the Central Valley have sold all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says anyone willing to contribute $50 will be given a free lithograph. There are four to choose from, he says. So far, Buxman has raised about $5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s help get this farmer some water,” Buxman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s calling his campaign Drill for Will.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Collard greens, black-eyed peas and red and green tomatoes fill the table of a small farmstand in central Fresno, enticing urban dwellers out for their Saturday morning coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to purchase this lovely, beautiful bunch of greens,” one customer says. “How much are they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re $3 a pound. Fifteen-year-old Dashon Standifer helps his mom, Porsha, bag the greens. He helped grow these crops, as did his twin brother, Dayvon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twins also know how to cook with the produce. They’ve got a good recipe for relish and another for homemade pie from tomato stew. It tastes like apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it mock pie,” Dayvon says. “We also make our own homemade crust!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748564\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748564\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg\" alt=\"With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1032\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-400x516.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1440x1857.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1180x1522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-960x1238.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They entered their mock pie and canned relish into cooking and baking contests at the local fair, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofair.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Big Fresno Fair\u003c/a>. Both entrees won first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers got their gardening and cooking skills through a program called the Freedom School at their \u003ca href=\"http://xyfloyd.wix.com/new-light\">New Light for New Life church\u003c/a> in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of their mentors was a 75-year-old farmer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scottfamilyfarms.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Will Scott Jr.\u003c/a> He’s been teaching farming skills to young African-Americans for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know how to work the tractor, and grow food,” says Dayvon. “And Will Scott is a good role model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s been one for years. Scott helped establish a demonstration farm where kids can get their hands dirty. And he’s introduced hundreds of kids to agriculture in one way or another, either through talks he gives at churches and schools or out on the land, where he teaches farming step by step, row by row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only how to condition the land, but also how to plant and then do maintenance on it,” Scott says. “And then the harvest part of it and [we] also look at the marketing aspect of it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there’s still a negative association with farming that comes from a history of slavery and oppression. Scott’s own grandfather and father were sharecroppers in Oklahoma. He was 5 when they left the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748618\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg\" alt=\"Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"915\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-400x458.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1440x1647.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1180x1350.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-960x1098.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we got off the tab,” Scott says. “You had a tab, you know. You were almost chained to the land. So when you paid your tab off, you’re free to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says agriculture can now mean a job, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s farming the land but there are plenty of other related opportunities, he says, like installing drip systems. Or well drilling, he says, looking over his shoulder at his own well. It’s a topic he’s been confronted with lately. Because of the drought, Scott’s well will likely go dry by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need to take it deeper so I have access to more water, give me some kind of guarantee and less worry,” he says. But to replace it with a much deeper well could cost around $40,000 and, like most small farmers, Scott doesn’t have that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a predicament many small farmers face, says retired University of California farm adviser Richard Molinar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1049\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-400x524.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1440x1888.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1180x1547.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-960x1259.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the same resources. They don’t have the same bankroll that the large corporate farms do,” he says. “So they’re, in many cases, living on the edge. Their farm is being held together with shoelaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molinar says Scott has been a voice for African-American farmers. In fact, Scott helped found the Fresno-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AAFCalifornia/\">African-American Farmers of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has devoted at least the last 20 years to not only farming but also to advocate for the black youth and African-American farmers,” Molinar says. “He’s been thinking of other people and not himself, and he is now in some constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Scott went into farming full time, he was an engineer for Pacific Bell. Now he spends his days growing mustard greens, turnips, collards, broccoli, lettuce, okra and black-eyed peas. He says small farming is a way of life that is being threatened, especially now with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The small farmers’ way of life is something we must sustain,” Scott says. “This country was built on small farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Floyd Harris, a minister at New Light for New Life Church in Fresno, understands Scott’s plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is also a farmer and the founder of the Freedom School, the program the Standifer twins are enrolled in. The Freedom School teaches boys important life skills to help them become well-rounded, healthy men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-400x470.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1440x1691.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1180x1385.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-960x1127.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris says Scott also advised him on a community garden behind the church. “You know he reaches out, not just here in Fresno but he’s down in the Bay Area, he’s down in L.A.,” Harris says. “And so every seed that he plants, I will say, is a seed of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Scott hauls his produce every week to a neighborhood in Oakland, where he says there are plenty of liquor stores but not a lot of fresh food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that when Scott teaches kids what happens when seeds and water mix, it’s inspiring. “And three months later you can go to that same plant that you touched and you dug a hole for, and see that that one plant has 50 tomatoes, or 30 tomatoes green and red,” Harris says. “That’s hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some hope for Scott. Another farmer, Paul Buxman, has started a campaign to raise money for him. Buxman is known for his tasty \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/sweet-home-ranch-v.html\">Sweet Home Ranch \u003c/a>jams, but he’s also an accomplished impressionistic \u003ca href=\"http://www.shinnphoto.com/Paul-Buxman/\">painter\u003c/a> whose rural scenes of the Central Valley have sold all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says anyone willing to contribute $50 will be given a free lithograph. There are four to choose from, he says. So far, Buxman has raised about $5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s help get this farmer some water,” Buxman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s calling his campaign Drill for Will.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California congressman announced Friday that he is planning federal legislation that aims to phase out the captivity of killer whales by banning breeding, importing and exporting the animals for public display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff said he will introduce the Orca Responsibility and Care Advancement (ORCA) Act to ensure that orcas now at aquatic parks such as SeaWorld are the last ones and that when they die, no other whales will replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also would ban taking any whales from the wild. Although no orca has been captured in U.S. waters since 1976, Schiff says captive killer whales are bred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”21iJL2MyHdoWPPlrNKZPR3lvUMayHn0n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that keeping the animals in captivity is cruel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is very strong that the psychological and physical harm done to these magnificent animals far outweighs any benefits reaped from their display,” Schiff said at a news conference in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Orcas perform at SeaWorld.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1440x966.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orcas perform at SeaWorld. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld says its whales are thriving and the parks foster understanding of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While efforts to phase out whales in human care may strike an emotional chord, SeaWorld and other science-based organizations are part of the solution, not the problem,” Jill Kermes, a spokeswoman for SeaWorld Entertainment, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Coastal Commission endorsed a $100 million expansion of the tanks that SeaWorld uses to hold orcas in San Diego but included conditions, including a ban on breeding and prohibitions on the sale, trade or transfer of the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld has said it will challenge the ruling in court.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California Rep. Adam Schiff's bill would ensure that orcas now at aquatic parks are the last and that when they die, none would replace them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California congressman announced Friday that he is planning federal legislation that aims to phase out the captivity of killer whales by banning breeding, importing and exporting the animals for public display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff said he will introduce the Orca Responsibility and Care Advancement (ORCA) Act to ensure that orcas now at aquatic parks such as SeaWorld are the last ones and that when they die, no other whales will replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also would ban taking any whales from the wild. Although no orca has been captured in U.S. waters since 1976, Schiff says captive killer whales are bred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that keeping the animals in captivity is cruel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is very strong that the psychological and physical harm done to these magnificent animals far outweighs any benefits reaped from their display,” Schiff said at a news conference in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Orcas perform at SeaWorld.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1440x966.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orcas perform at SeaWorld. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld says its whales are thriving and the parks foster understanding of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While efforts to phase out whales in human care may strike an emotional chord, SeaWorld and other science-based organizations are part of the solution, not the problem,” Jill Kermes, a spokeswoman for SeaWorld Entertainment, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Coastal Commission endorsed a $100 million expansion of the tanks that SeaWorld uses to hold orcas in San Diego but included conditions, including a ban on breeding and prohibitions on the sale, trade or transfer of the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld has said it will challenge the ruling in court.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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