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"disqusTitle": "California Regulators Order SoCalGas to Permanently Close Leaking Well",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the Southern California Gas Co. (SoCalGas) finally manages to seal a natural gas storage well that's been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/porter-ranch\" target=\"_blank\">leaking for month\u003c/a>s, the company will have to shut the well down permanently, California regulators say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the meantime, the company will have to minimize air pollution from the ongoing leak and fund an independent study on potential health impacts on the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District voted on \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/public-information/2016-news-archives/aliso-canyon-hb-order-issued-pr\">the new restrictions Saturday\u003c/a>. The order comes in response to a well in the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility that has been leaking since October, and isn't expected to be sealed off for another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"X6XHUpRJx83eCrwyLbDNme01GWFxvvDz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive leak, in the outer reaches of Los Angeles, mostly consists of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, but also contains \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a> and other chemicals. The AP has said SoCalGas was not consistently alerting the public to unusually high levels of benzene. The company says none of the levels were dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The compounds, added to natural gas to make it easier to detect, also have short-term side effects, including nausea and headaches, health officials say. Residents of the nearby Porter Ranch community have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/reports-of-price-gouging-as-porter-ranch-families-look-for-temporary-homes\" target=\"_blank\">relocated to new homes\u003c/a> while the company works to cap the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says the leak poses no long-term risks to human health. One of the requirements of the new abatement order is that the company fund an independent study evaluating the impact of the leak on residents' health — including the consequence of exposure to the odorants added to the gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order also requires the company to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Permanently shut down and seal the well — not just fix the leak\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fund continuous air monitoring of the area\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop and implement a leak detection and reporting program covering all the wells at the facility\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monitor the leaking well with an infrared camera for 30 days after the leak has ended (the gas is invisible to the naked eye)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Minimize gas leaking from the well as they work on the long-term solution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide data to regulators to help calculate the total amount of methane leaked\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Submit a plan for notifying residents and the government of future emissions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Report all odor complaints to regulators\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Obtain approval from regulators before using \"odor suppressants or neutralizers\" to reduce the smell caused by the leak.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents were unhappy that regulators didn't go further and order SoCalGas to shut down the entire Aliso Canyon facility, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-porter-ranch-regulators-approve-comprehensive-abatement-order-over-massive-gas-leak-20160123-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10844733\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10844733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-800x1006.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-800x1006.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-400x503.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-768x966.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1440x1811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1180x1484.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-960x1207.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the leaking well earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company attempted to plug the well several times, but the pressure of the leak overwhelmed the would-be blockages. The failed efforts appear to have weakened the well and increased the risk of a blowout, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the L.A. Times has reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas is drilling a relief well to reduce the pressure before plugging the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/21/463865377/california-examines-safety-of-gas-wells-amid-methane-leak\">On NPR's \"All Things Considered\" last week\u003c/a>, Ingrid Lobet of the investigative news organization inewsource reported on the injection practices that may have contributed to the well's failure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/463865377/463865398\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"An examination of state oil and gas records shows, and a state official confirms that the gas well that failed was being injected in a way that, while legal, can be risky. It's like this: Many wells have both a seven-inch casing and a narrow inner metal tubing. Think of it as a metal straw within another metal straw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural gas was being forced down this well through both straws.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Experts told Lobet that injecting and withdrawing only through the inner tubing is safer, and protects the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well, which was drilled in 1953, was used heavily — with injections almost daily, Lobet says. \"Like many wells its age, it also didn't have a full cement job. Cementing protects underground aquifers and it protects the well, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobet said the company declined to comment on its practices, but that a representative had previously said it would be premature to talk about the cause of the well failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Once the well is finally sealed off, regulators say it can never be tapped again. Other new restrictions are also being imposed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the Southern California Gas Co. (SoCalGas) finally manages to seal a natural gas storage well that's been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/porter-ranch\" target=\"_blank\">leaking for month\u003c/a>s, the company will have to shut the well down permanently, California regulators say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the meantime, the company will have to minimize air pollution from the ongoing leak and fund an independent study on potential health impacts on the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District voted on \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/public-information/2016-news-archives/aliso-canyon-hb-order-issued-pr\">the new restrictions Saturday\u003c/a>. The order comes in response to a well in the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility that has been leaking since October, and isn't expected to be sealed off for another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive leak, in the outer reaches of Los Angeles, mostly consists of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, but also contains \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a> and other chemicals. The AP has said SoCalGas was not consistently alerting the public to unusually high levels of benzene. The company says none of the levels were dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The compounds, added to natural gas to make it easier to detect, also have short-term side effects, including nausea and headaches, health officials say. Residents of the nearby Porter Ranch community have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/reports-of-price-gouging-as-porter-ranch-families-look-for-temporary-homes\" target=\"_blank\">relocated to new homes\u003c/a> while the company works to cap the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says the leak poses no long-term risks to human health. One of the requirements of the new abatement order is that the company fund an independent study evaluating the impact of the leak on residents' health — including the consequence of exposure to the odorants added to the gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order also requires the company to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Permanently shut down and seal the well — not just fix the leak\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fund continuous air monitoring of the area\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop and implement a leak detection and reporting program covering all the wells at the facility\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monitor the leaking well with an infrared camera for 30 days after the leak has ended (the gas is invisible to the naked eye)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Minimize gas leaking from the well as they work on the long-term solution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide data to regulators to help calculate the total amount of methane leaked\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Submit a plan for notifying residents and the government of future emissions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Report all odor complaints to regulators\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Obtain approval from regulators before using \"odor suppressants or neutralizers\" to reduce the smell caused by the leak.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents were unhappy that regulators didn't go further and order SoCalGas to shut down the entire Aliso Canyon facility, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-porter-ranch-regulators-approve-comprehensive-abatement-order-over-massive-gas-leak-20160123-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10844733\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10844733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-800x1006.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-800x1006.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-400x503.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-768x966.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1440x1811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1180x1484.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-960x1207.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the leaking well earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company attempted to plug the well several times, but the pressure of the leak overwhelmed the would-be blockages. The failed efforts appear to have weakened the well and increased the risk of a blowout, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the L.A. Times has reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas is drilling a relief well to reduce the pressure before plugging the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/21/463865377/california-examines-safety-of-gas-wells-amid-methane-leak\">On NPR's \"All Things Considered\" last week\u003c/a>, Ingrid Lobet of the investigative news organization inewsource reported on the injection practices that may have contributed to the well's failure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/463865377/463865398\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"An examination of state oil and gas records shows, and a state official confirms that the gas well that failed was being injected in a way that, while legal, can be risky. It's like this: Many wells have both a seven-inch casing and a narrow inner metal tubing. Think of it as a metal straw within another metal straw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural gas was being forced down this well through both straws.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Experts told Lobet that injecting and withdrawing only through the inner tubing is safer, and protects the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well, which was drilled in 1953, was used heavily — with injections almost daily, Lobet says. \"Like many wells its age, it also didn't have a full cement job. Cementing protects underground aquifers and it protects the well, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobet said the company declined to comment on its practices, but that a representative had previously said it would be premature to talk about the cause of the well failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment",
"headTitle": "Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/01/Sciencecarboncapturefull.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gQN8H1y3bLQFyuhusmTVtazUF1miwYuW”]Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, regulators at the California Energy Commission will decide the final fate of the HECA project sometime this spring.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State officials aren't giving up on the idea of snatching carbon emissions and stashing them underground, but investors and utilities might be.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The powerful California agency that manages development along the state’s fabled coastline may oust its top executive soon, setting up a battlefront between environmentalists and developers who frequently clash over projects large and small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential shake-up at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission\u003c/a> raises questions about the direction of an agency often caught in the friction between property owners and conservation along the 1,100-mile coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission’s chairman, Steve Kinsey, notified Executive Director Charles Lester in a letter released Wednesday that the panel \u003ca href=\"http://documents.coastal.ca.gov/assets/press-releases/dr-lester/edhearing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will consider whether to fire him\u003c/a> next month. Lester has held the post since 2011, and no reason was given for the proposed dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinsey did not return a phone call or email seeking comment. However, environmental activists suspect some commission members want to push out Lester to make way for management that would be more welcoming to development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Jordan of the California Coastal Protection Network said Lester’s ouster would leave the agency in turmoil and intimidate its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3f74YZQcq32EDiCmVMDMDtilsFn30xND”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about the homeowner who wants to build on the bluff. We are talking about billion-dollar projects,” Jordan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission has been at the center of fierce battles over beach access in celebrity enclaves, and it’s facing a lawsuit after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/06/new-bill-would-phase-out-captivity-public-display-of-orcas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banning SeaWorld from breeding captive killer whales\u003c/a> at its San Diego marine park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to replace Lester comes in the midst of a long-running review of a proposed development of nearly 1,400 homes, a resort and retail space known as Banning Ranch in the Newport Beach area. Companies involved in the project include real estate firm Brooks Street, Cherokee Investment Partners and Aera Energy, which is jointly owned by affiliates of Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Exxon Mobil Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing of this may be very relative to the Banning Ranch case,” said Steve Ray, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://banningranchconservancy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banning Ranch Conservancy\u003c/a>, which wants the 400-acre site to remain open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the last, large piece of unprotected open space left on the Southern California coast. This is the last big battle,” Ray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10841446\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10841446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Despite Banning Ranch's history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it's "incredibly rich in biological resources."\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-400x368.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-768x706.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1440x1324.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1180x1085.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-960x883.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite Banning Ranch’s history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it’s “incredibly rich in biological resources.” \u003ccite>(ltenney1225/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lester, quoted in a media report last year, was skeptical of the project. Coastal Commission staff had recommended denial of the plan and thought developers didn’t work hard enough to identify sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is incredibly rich in biological resources,” Lester told the Orange County Register in October. “Despite its history of oil development, it deserves a more sensitive and creative effort to address the Coastal Act requirements than we have seen to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission spokeswoman Noaki Schwartz said in an email that Lester was not available for comment. She said he has exercised his right to have a public hearing on his possible dismissal, which will take place Feb. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former commissioner Steve Blank, who was viewed as an environmental advocate and resigned in 2013, said the move to oust Lester was not a surprise and that developers have long sought greater influence at the agency that regulates them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a change in top management “the end result will be the paving of the California coast, because Charles Lester is the most reasonable guy you will ever get on the commission,” he said. “I don’t understand why (Gov. Jerry Brown) wants this as his legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, a Democrat who appoints four of the commission’s 12 voting members, declined to comment on Lester’s possible dismissal through a spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about the homeowner who wants to build on the bluff. We are talking about billion-dollar projects,” Jordan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission has been at the center of fierce battles over beach access in celebrity enclaves, and it’s facing a lawsuit after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/06/new-bill-would-phase-out-captivity-public-display-of-orcas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banning SeaWorld from breeding captive killer whales\u003c/a> at its San Diego marine park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to replace Lester comes in the midst of a long-running review of a proposed development of nearly 1,400 homes, a resort and retail space known as Banning Ranch in the Newport Beach area. Companies involved in the project include real estate firm Brooks Street, Cherokee Investment Partners and Aera Energy, which is jointly owned by affiliates of Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Exxon Mobil Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing of this may be very relative to the Banning Ranch case,” said Steve Ray, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://banningranchconservancy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banning Ranch Conservancy\u003c/a>, which wants the 400-acre site to remain open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the last, large piece of unprotected open space left on the Southern California coast. This is the last big battle,” Ray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10841446\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10841446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Despite Banning Ranch's history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it's "incredibly rich in biological resources."\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-400x368.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-768x706.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1440x1324.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1180x1085.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-960x883.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite Banning Ranch’s history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it’s “incredibly rich in biological resources.” \u003ccite>(ltenney1225/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lester, quoted in a media report last year, was skeptical of the project. Coastal Commission staff had recommended denial of the plan and thought developers didn’t work hard enough to identify sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is incredibly rich in biological resources,” Lester told the Orange County Register in October. “Despite its history of oil development, it deserves a more sensitive and creative effort to address the Coastal Act requirements than we have seen to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission spokeswoman Noaki Schwartz said in an email that Lester was not available for comment. She said he has exercised his right to have a public hearing on his possible dismissal, which will take place Feb. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former commissioner Steve Blank, who was viewed as an environmental advocate and resigned in 2013, said the move to oust Lester was not a surprise and that developers have long sought greater influence at the agency that regulates them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a change in top management “the end result will be the paving of the California coast, because Charles Lester is the most reasonable guy you will ever get on the commission,” he said. “I don’t understand why (Gov. Jerry Brown) wants this as his legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, a Democrat who appoints four of the commission’s 12 voting members, declined to comment on Lester’s possible dismissal through a spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Our stormy January has produced a series of cool pictures from space. I'm partial to the photomosaics published every day on \u003ca href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Worldview\u003c/a> site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You need to be a little patient each day, as the northern Pacific, where our weather is coming from, is generally the last part of the globe to be imaged each day by two NASA satellites orbiting about 430 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the wait is usually worth it. Summertime images have often given \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/23/rim-fire-update-smoke-spreads-from/smokesaturday\" target=\"_blank\">dramatic evidence\u003c/a> of California wildfires. And in the winter -- or at least this winter -- Worldview captures magnificent pictures of the big cyclones that have brought wave after wave of rain and wind to the West Coast this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture above (\u003ca href=\"http://go.nasa.gov/1KskshS\" target=\"_blank\">clipped from the original\u003c/a> on Worldview) is of a system that's expected to bring two distinct rounds of stormy weather to the Bay Area and most of California, starting late Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nevada River Forecast Center, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/cnrfc/rsa_getprod.php?prod=RNOHMDRSA&wfo=cnrfc&version=0\" target=\"_blank\">Wednesday morning writeup\u003c/a> of upcoming weather, describes the storm as \"an impressive ... system spinning over the northeast Pacific near 47 North latitude and 147 West longitude. A broad cloud shield extends from just off the Pacific Northwest coast to the southwest. ... The moisture tap is also fairly impressive, extending from near the Hawaiian Islands to the northeast and then wrapping into the main circulation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"moisture tap\" mentioned here is the long, long train of clouds extending more than 2,000 miles from near the island of Hawaii, just visible at lower left, up toward Washington state and British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is expected to bring between a half-inch to 2 inches of rain to sea-level locations and up to 4 inches at higher elevations in the Bay Area between late Thursday and Saturday. Flooding in coastal areas could be an issue with the arrival of king tides Thursday through the weekend. Forecasters also say that there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?wfo=mtr&pil=ESF&sid=MTR&version=0\" target=\"_blank\">a more general concern\u003c/a> for flooding and landslides throughout the region, as recent storms have saturated soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service Bay Area forecasters say gusty winds could be an issue Friday night into Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Our stormy January has produced a series of cool pictures from space. I'm partial to the photomosaics published every day on \u003ca href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Worldview\u003c/a> site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You need to be a little patient each day, as the northern Pacific, where our weather is coming from, is generally the last part of the globe to be imaged each day by two NASA satellites orbiting about 430 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the wait is usually worth it. Summertime images have often given \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/23/rim-fire-update-smoke-spreads-from/smokesaturday\" target=\"_blank\">dramatic evidence\u003c/a> of California wildfires. And in the winter -- or at least this winter -- Worldview captures magnificent pictures of the big cyclones that have brought wave after wave of rain and wind to the West Coast this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture above (\u003ca href=\"http://go.nasa.gov/1KskshS\" target=\"_blank\">clipped from the original\u003c/a> on Worldview) is of a system that's expected to bring two distinct rounds of stormy weather to the Bay Area and most of California, starting late Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nevada River Forecast Center, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/cnrfc/rsa_getprod.php?prod=RNOHMDRSA&wfo=cnrfc&version=0\" target=\"_blank\">Wednesday morning writeup\u003c/a> of upcoming weather, describes the storm as \"an impressive ... system spinning over the northeast Pacific near 47 North latitude and 147 West longitude. A broad cloud shield extends from just off the Pacific Northwest coast to the southwest. ... The moisture tap is also fairly impressive, extending from near the Hawaiian Islands to the northeast and then wrapping into the main circulation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Last year wasn’t just the Earth’s hottest year on record, federal scientists say — it left a century of high temperature marks in the dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and NASA \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-analyses-reveal-record-shattering-global-warm-temperatures-in-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a> that 2015 was by far the hottest year in 136 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA said 2015’s globally averaged temperature was 58.62 degrees Fahrenheit (14.79 degrees Celsius), passing 2014 by a record margin of 0.29 degrees. That’s 1.62 degrees above the 20th century average. NASA, which measures differently, said 2015 was 0.23 degrees warmer than the record set in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the wide margin over 2014, NASA calculated that 2015 was a record with 94 percent certainty, about double the certainty it had last year when announcing 2014 as a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although 2015 is now the hottest on record, it was the fourth time in 11 years that Earth broke annual marks for high temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s getting to the point where breaking record is the norm,” Texas Tech climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe said. “It’s almost unusual when we’re not breaking a record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists blame a combination of El Niño and increasing manmade global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mann of Pennsylvania State University said a strong El Niño, like this year’s, can add about one-third of a degree of warming to Earth’s temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Records will happen during El Niño years due to the extra warming boost they provide,” Mann said in an email. “That boost of warmth however sits upon the ramp of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s likely to happen this year, too. NASA scientists and others said there’s a good chance that this year will pass 2015 as the hottest year on record, thanks to El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2015 will be difficult to beat, but you say that almost every year and you get surprised,” said Victor Gensini, a meteorology professor at the College of DuPage outside of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements from Japan and the University of California at Berkeley also show 2015 is the warmest on record. Satellite measurements, which scientists say don’t measure where we live and have a larger margin of error, calculate that last year was only the third hottest since 1979.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Last year wasn’t just the Earth’s hottest year on record, federal scientists say — it left a century of high temperature marks in the dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and NASA \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-analyses-reveal-record-shattering-global-warm-temperatures-in-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a> that 2015 was by far the hottest year in 136 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA said 2015’s globally averaged temperature was 58.62 degrees Fahrenheit (14.79 degrees Celsius), passing 2014 by a record margin of 0.29 degrees. That’s 1.62 degrees above the 20th century average. NASA, which measures differently, said 2015 was 0.23 degrees warmer than the record set in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the wide margin over 2014, NASA calculated that 2015 was a record with 94 percent certainty, about double the certainty it had last year when announcing 2014 as a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although 2015 is now the hottest on record, it was the fourth time in 11 years that Earth broke annual marks for high temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s getting to the point where breaking record is the norm,” Texas Tech climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe said. “It’s almost unusual when we’re not breaking a record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists blame a combination of El Niño and increasing manmade global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mann of Pennsylvania State University said a strong El Niño, like this year’s, can add about one-third of a degree of warming to Earth’s temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Records will happen during El Niño years due to the extra warming boost they provide,” Mann said in an email. “That boost of warmth however sits upon the ramp of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s likely to happen this year, too. NASA scientists and others said there’s a good chance that this year will pass 2015 as the hottest year on record, thanks to El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2015 will be difficult to beat, but you say that almost every year and you get surprised,” said Victor Gensini, a meteorology professor at the College of DuPage outside of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements from Japan and the University of California at Berkeley also show 2015 is the warmest on record. Satellite measurements, which scientists say don’t measure where we live and have a larger margin of error, calculate that last year was only the third hottest since 1979.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Porter Ranch Gas Leak to Be Stopped Ahead of Schedule, Utility Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co. said this week that it has abandoned \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/socalgas-aims-to-capture-methane-in-attempt-to-address-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">efforts to trap and burn the gas\u003c/a> released by a huge natural gas leak in Los Angeles, but also said the 12-week-old leak should be stopped ahead of schedule -- by the end of February or sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burnoff plan is being abandoned over fears that it could not be done safely, SoCalGas, which is owned by Sempra Energy, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators were scheduled to vote Wednesday on the plan, which had been intended to give quicker relief to residents suffering sickness and irritation because of the emissions. But the plan led to worries of explosions in the Porter Ranch neighborhood where the well is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NzYnhV6CRR6LtFGu6LYD3mwjI0Um7KNK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not feel the benefits outweigh the safety risks,\" company senior vice president Jimmie Cho said. \"I’m not going to take any unnecessary safety risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rejected plan was composed of three parts: collecting gas in an open pipe positioned above the broken well, shunting it to a high-tech oven where the methane would be incinerated, and filtering what remains through a deep bed of charcoal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting the methane through an open pipe that was not securely connected to the wellhead was the risky part of the plan, Cho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risk was that the methane -- which is safe from ignition at very low and very high concentrations -- might combine with air or other compounds and become more volatile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/19/56926/porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-be-stopped-ahead-of-sched/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, SoCalGas continues to drill the relief well it began drilling in December. The company released a video explaining the process, noting that it is in Phase 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMU_7LcOrIA\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/sharon-mcnary\">Sharon McNary\u003c/a>\u003cbr>KPCC\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co. said this week that it has abandoned \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/socalgas-aims-to-capture-methane-in-attempt-to-address-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">efforts to trap and burn the gas\u003c/a> released by a huge natural gas leak in Los Angeles, but also said the 12-week-old leak should be stopped ahead of schedule -- by the end of February or sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burnoff plan is being abandoned over fears that it could not be done safely, SoCalGas, which is owned by Sempra Energy, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators were scheduled to vote Wednesday on the plan, which had been intended to give quicker relief to residents suffering sickness and irritation because of the emissions. But the plan led to worries of explosions in the Porter Ranch neighborhood where the well is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not feel the benefits outweigh the safety risks,\" company senior vice president Jimmie Cho said. \"I’m not going to take any unnecessary safety risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rejected plan was composed of three parts: collecting gas in an open pipe positioned above the broken well, shunting it to a high-tech oven where the methane would be incinerated, and filtering what remains through a deep bed of charcoal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting the methane through an open pipe that was not securely connected to the wellhead was the risky part of the plan, Cho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risk was that the methane -- which is safe from ignition at very low and very high concentrations -- might combine with air or other compounds and become more volatile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/19/56926/porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-be-stopped-ahead-of-sched/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, SoCalGas continues to drill the relief well it began drilling in December. The company released a video explaining the process, noting that it is in Phase 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yMU_7LcOrIA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yMU_7LcOrIA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Checking the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Our Latest Soaking",
"title": "Checking the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Our Latest Soaking",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday, Jan. 19:\u003c/strong> The rather modest little Tuesday storm that was featured in the Bay Area forecast turned out to have a bit of a punch after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early-morning rain prompted the National Weather Service to post an urban and small stream flood advisory for the entire nine-county Bay Area and then, when that expired at midmorning, similar alerts for virtually the entire Sacramento Valley and the northern San Joaquin Valley, as well as western Santa Cruz and Monterey counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals for the 12 hours ending at 10 a.m. Tuesday are -- what's a good word? -- robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa recorded 1.51 inches of rain, San Rafael 1.18 inches, downtown San Francisco 1.17 inches, the Oakland Museum 1.08 and San Jose International Airport .40. The reliably rainy mountain and ridge weather stations got significantly more, including 2.88 inches at Venado, west of Healdsburg, 2.47 inches at Mount Tam's Middle Peak, 2.13 at Ben Lomond in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 1.54 atop Mount Diablo and 1.52 on Vollmer Peak in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'll be updating our rainfall table, and maybe turning it into a nice map, when we get a little breathing room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, you're asking when the \u003cem>next\u003c/em> rain will arrive. The National Weather Service Bay Area forecast office in Monterey says we're due for a drying-out period from Tuesday afternoon until late Thursday night. We're supposed to see rain off and on through Saturday. After that, the next storm is expected sometime in the middle of next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, Monday, Jan. 18:\u003c/strong> While we get a few hours to dry out -- yes, after the soaking we got Sunday night and early Monday we're going to partly withdraw complaints about errant weather models and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/23/ok-so-where-is-this-el-nino-already\" target=\"_blank\">the feeble effects so far of El Niño\u003c/a> -- let us take stock of how much rain fell overnight, as well as how much we've gotten this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 24 hours ending at 10 a.m. Monday, the usual, higher-elevation suspects were reporting the most rain: The Middle Peak weather station on Mount Tam got 4.32 inches, Ben Lomond in the Santa Cruz Mountains got 3.26 inches, and Venado, a place in northern Sonoma County you'd never know about if there weren't a rain gauge there, got 2.48 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three locales are also the wettest so far since our holiday break from the rain ended Jan. 3. Since then, Venado has topped 20 inches, Mount Tam has gotten better than 16 inches, and Ben Lomond has recorded nearly a foot. See the table below for those and other regional totals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?prod=XXXAFDMTR&wfo=MTR\" target=\"_blank\">National Weather Service says\u003c/a> the next storm is due to sweep in early Tuesday, bringing the possibility of a period of heavy rain during the morning commute hours. The storm will not have access to the same kind of dense plume of moisture that fed the Sunday-early Monday deluge, so rain totals are expected to be between a half-inch in lowland areas of the central Bay Area to an inch and a half or more in hilly locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003cth>Location\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Last 24 hours (in.)\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Since Jan. 1\u003c/th>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Middle Peak (Mount Tamalpais)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.32\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>16.57\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Ben Lomond (Santa Cruz Mts.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.26\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>11.92\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Venado (Sonoma County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.48\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>20.56\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>St. Mary's College (Moraga)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.26\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6.19\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Vollmer Peak (Berkeley Hills)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.16\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>7.17\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Olema (West Marin)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.92\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.76\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Oakland Museum\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.89\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.19\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>La Honda\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.57\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.62\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Napa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.42\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.92\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.29\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.91\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.13\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6.47\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Fairfield/Travis Air Force Bas\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.09\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.12\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco International Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.98\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.90\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Sacramento\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.98\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.88\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Jose International Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.97\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.05\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Redwood City\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.95\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.45\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A modest little Tuesday storm continues the region's prolonged, and welcome, rainy period. ",
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"description": "A modest little Tuesday storm continues the region's prolonged, and welcome, rainy period. ",
"title": "Checking the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Our Latest Soaking | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday, Jan. 19:\u003c/strong> The rather modest little Tuesday storm that was featured in the Bay Area forecast turned out to have a bit of a punch after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early-morning rain prompted the National Weather Service to post an urban and small stream flood advisory for the entire nine-county Bay Area and then, when that expired at midmorning, similar alerts for virtually the entire Sacramento Valley and the northern San Joaquin Valley, as well as western Santa Cruz and Monterey counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals for the 12 hours ending at 10 a.m. Tuesday are -- what's a good word? -- robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa recorded 1.51 inches of rain, San Rafael 1.18 inches, downtown San Francisco 1.17 inches, the Oakland Museum 1.08 and San Jose International Airport .40. The reliably rainy mountain and ridge weather stations got significantly more, including 2.88 inches at Venado, west of Healdsburg, 2.47 inches at Mount Tam's Middle Peak, 2.13 at Ben Lomond in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 1.54 atop Mount Diablo and 1.52 on Vollmer Peak in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'll be updating our rainfall table, and maybe turning it into a nice map, when we get a little breathing room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, you're asking when the \u003cem>next\u003c/em> rain will arrive. The National Weather Service Bay Area forecast office in Monterey says we're due for a drying-out period from Tuesday afternoon until late Thursday night. We're supposed to see rain off and on through Saturday. After that, the next storm is expected sometime in the middle of next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, Monday, Jan. 18:\u003c/strong> While we get a few hours to dry out -- yes, after the soaking we got Sunday night and early Monday we're going to partly withdraw complaints about errant weather models and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/23/ok-so-where-is-this-el-nino-already\" target=\"_blank\">the feeble effects so far of El Niño\u003c/a> -- let us take stock of how much rain fell overnight, as well as how much we've gotten this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 24 hours ending at 10 a.m. Monday, the usual, higher-elevation suspects were reporting the most rain: The Middle Peak weather station on Mount Tam got 4.32 inches, Ben Lomond in the Santa Cruz Mountains got 3.26 inches, and Venado, a place in northern Sonoma County you'd never know about if there weren't a rain gauge there, got 2.48 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three locales are also the wettest so far since our holiday break from the rain ended Jan. 3. Since then, Venado has topped 20 inches, Mount Tam has gotten better than 16 inches, and Ben Lomond has recorded nearly a foot. See the table below for those and other regional totals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?prod=XXXAFDMTR&wfo=MTR\" target=\"_blank\">National Weather Service says\u003c/a> the next storm is due to sweep in early Tuesday, bringing the possibility of a period of heavy rain during the morning commute hours. The storm will not have access to the same kind of dense plume of moisture that fed the Sunday-early Monday deluge, so rain totals are expected to be between a half-inch in lowland areas of the central Bay Area to an inch and a half or more in hilly locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003cth>Location\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Last 24 hours (in.)\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Since Jan. 1\u003c/th>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Middle Peak (Mount Tamalpais)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.32\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>16.57\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Ben Lomond (Santa Cruz Mts.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.26\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>11.92\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Venado (Sonoma County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.48\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>20.56\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>St. Mary's College (Moraga)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.26\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6.19\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Vollmer Peak (Berkeley Hills)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.16\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>7.17\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Olema (West Marin)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.92\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.76\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Oakland Museum\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.89\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.19\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>La Honda\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.57\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>5.62\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Napa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.42\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.92\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.29\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.91\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.13\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>6.47\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Fairfield/Travis Air Force Bas\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.09\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>4.12\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco International Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.98\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.90\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Sacramento\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.98\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.88\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Jose International Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.97\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.05\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Redwood City\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.95\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.45\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Preserving Gold Rush-era Heritage Trees With Amigo Bob Cantisano",
"title": "Preserving Gold Rush-era Heritage Trees With Amigo Bob Cantisano",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Who doesn’t like a treasure hunt? The search for something mysterious and valuable, with just a few clues for guidance, is pretty irresistible. In California’s Nevada County, an unusual explorer with an unusual name -- Amigo Bob Cantisano -- hunts for remnants of the Gold Rush, just not the kind you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treasures Cantisano seeks are trees, the fruits and nuts and ornamentals planted at homesteads and stagecoach stops and small orchards in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of neglect, many are still highly productive and could prove valuable at a time when California faces drought and the effects of climate change. Cantisano is looking to bring the best-tasting, heartiest ones back to life, back to gardens and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Resilient heirloom trees have lessons for growers in California today, where highly tended crops face drought, pests and disease.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He and two partners run a nonprofit organization: the \u003ca href=\"http://felixgillet.org/\">Felix Gillet Institute\u003c/a>. They’re committed to finding, identifying and propagating heirloom fruits and nuts from which they sell to gardeners and small farmers in Northern California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his home about 20 minutes outside the picturesque Gold Country town of Nevada City, in the northeastern part of the state, Cantisano (the “Amigo” was a high school nickname that stuck) shows me around his garden and nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as an aside, he points to one plant, saying, “We have a lilac named after a friend of ours, Kate Wolf.” When I push, an illuminating story tumbles out: the late singer/songwriter spent summers nearby at an old mining camp and, decades ago, told Cantisano the backstory of her song “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q83NqwtdBZk\">The Lilac and The Apple\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q83NqwtdBZk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kate wrote the song about walking into an old homestead with the house no longer there, and finding this apple and lilac growing on a hill,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the song, Wolf imagines the plants reminiscing about the miners and mill workers who planted them, the lilac and the apple the only evidence that people once lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After she passed away, I started wondering about where that was,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of searching for the homestead, Cantisano finally got a lead. He walked for hours in forest along the Yuba River when, bingo: the lilac and the apple were still growing, side by side. He took cuttings and he’s been nurturing them in his nursery ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834091\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo Bob harvests persimmons at what was once a stagecoach stop.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-800x508.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-400x254.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-768x487.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-1440x914.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-1180x749.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-960x609.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo Bob harvests persimmons at what was once a stagecoach stop. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cantisano straps a ladder on his car, tosses bags in his trunk and takes me on a tour. Instead of pointing out old buildings, he shows me his favorite walnut, the rose and apple that grow in the cemetery, and a 120-year-old pear tree standing tall between a community hall and a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is absolutely just the most hearty tree,” he says, looking at the tree like it’s a friend. “It’s thrown huge crops every year in the drought. It doesn’t get diseases, it doesn’t get insects. Nobody prunes it, nobody waters it, nobody fertilizes it, and it is just prolific as heck. I’ve picked over 500 pounds of pears off of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantisano says these resilient heirloom trees have lessons for growers in California today, where highly tended crops face drought, pests and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out how to take those characteristics and meld them into modern agriculture, we’re going to have a more sustainable agriculture,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a name like Amigo, dreadlocks down to his waist, and a year-round outfit of shorts and tie-dye, Cantisano has had plenty of people write him off over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-800x744.jpg\" alt=\"The property of Cantisano's friend Sidonie Christian is full of mature trees, and Cantisano sees the impact of Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it," he says. "All these trees are Gillet-era plants."\" width=\"800\" height=\"744\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-800x744.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-400x372.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-768x714.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-1440x1339.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-1180x1097.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-960x893.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The property of Cantisano's friend Sidonie Christian is full of mature trees, and Cantisano sees the impact of Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it,\" he says. \"All these trees are Gillet-era plants.\" \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m a hippie, OK!” he says with a laugh. More to the point, he’s an influential founding figure in California’s organic agriculture movement. Cantisano co-founded California Certified Organic Farmers -- a leading organic certification organization -- and advises a bunch of the big agriculture corporations on how to adopt organic methods for their operations, to highlight just a couple points on his extensive resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantisano was practically born into this work. His grandmother, Dorothy Moraga, gardened in her Bay Area home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DGCEY4EzC6GzmxM7Gj8v8wwK5IQ2tSyb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She grew fava beans, made compost from the manure from our chickens, squashed the bugs and hoed the weeds,” he says, basically gardening organically before anyone used the term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember crawling around in the dirt, picking cucumbers with her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His interest piqued, Cantisano provided food for the San Francisco communes he lived in as a teenager by gardening. At the first Earth Day in 1970, he heard about pesticide hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lightbulb went on, as they say,” and he’s worked in organic agriculture ever since. Eventually he moved to Nevada County, where he ran an organic garden supply store. That’s when he found his first abandoned trees, and started to learn about Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a barbershop and then opened a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gillet had plants from almost 35 countries. He was a plant maniac,” says Cantisano. “If you drink wine, you are indebted to Felix Gillet. He had a catalog of 241 types of grapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'If we lose a tree like this chestnut, we lose the genetics of a particularly hearty, productive, high-quality plant. You can’t find those everywhere.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s just grapes. From historic documents he’s found, Cantisano believes many of the trees still growing in the Sierra originated in Gillet’s nursery. When Cantisano and his partners formed their nonprofit, they named it in his honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Gradziel, of the UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences, says a lot of California agriculture was built on the expertise of nurserymen like Gillet and his contemporaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we can just go to the grocery store, and there are only one or two varieties of any given fruit or nut,” he says. “The horticulturist in all of us is lost. Nurserymen like Gillet would be appalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834081\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-800x1373.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo harvests chestnuts from a century-old, heritage tree. "We've tested nearly 100 of them and that's the very best one."\" width=\"800\" height=\"1373\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-800x1373.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-400x686.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-768x1318.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1440x2471.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1180x2024.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-960x1647.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo harvests chestnuts from a century-old, heritage tree. \"We've tested nearly 100 of them and that's the very best one.\" \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lack of diversity in varieties isn’t only dull for our taste buds, he says, it makes crops vulnerable to being wiped out. “The more diverse material we have in both commercial fields and in the backyard, the more resilience there’ll be to better contain disease and pests,” he says. While one variety might perish, another might survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a breeder, Gradziel says it’s important to find a diversity of varieties that can work in a range of California environments. “The more we find with proven adaptability -- and the stuff Bob’s finding has proven itself in adaptability -- the better,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Cantisano drives up to a property owned by his longtime friend, Sidonie Christian, that’s filled with mature trees, he sees Gillet’s living legacy. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it,\" he says. \"All these trees are Gillet-era plants: the walnuts, the chestnut, the pear, the apples, the plums, the cherries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Christian rake the porcupine-like pods of chestnuts that have fallen to the ground, then peel and toss them in a basket. Of the 100 chestnuts he and his partners have tested, Cantisano says, “That’s the very best one. They are the tastiest, they’re the biggest.” Plus, Christian adds, they peel easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on tips from friends and their own explorations, the people at the Felix Gillet Institute have a database of more than 600 locations -- and 3,000 plants -- they want to investigate. They’ve gotten to about a fifth of those, evaluating each tree’s health and productivity, harvesting the crops, then inviting friends over to for a taste test of fresh fruit and nuts, pies and juices. They research their favorites, like this chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo Bob and his partners believe these chestnuts come from a Marron de Lyon tree, originally from France. They're working with the University of Pennsylvania to test its DNA.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo Bob and his partners believe these chestnuts come from a Marron de Lyon tree, originally from France. They're working with the University of Pennsylvania to test its DNA. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We believe it’s called the Marron de Lyon, which means it’s from Lyon, France,” Cantisano says. “Judging from the leaf shape, the size of the nut and the structure of the plant, it looks like it’s a European chestnut.” The University of Pennsylvania is testing this chestnut’s DNA to find out for certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they harvest, Christian tells Cantisano about county workers who were doing maintenance nearby and almost ran a beloved apple tree through a chipper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ran out yelling, ‘No, no no! The whole neighborhood eats those apples,’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I ask Cantisano: What happens when you lose a century-old heritage tree?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we lose a tree like this chestnut, we lose the genetics of a particularly hearty, productive, high-quality plant. You can’t find those everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trees are important for people and neighborhoods, too, says Christian, pointing around her small town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generations of kids have eaten apples off that tree. Lots of people put chestnuts off this tree into their Thanksgiving stuffing and have done for years,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cantisano, this work connects human and botanical history. He says he’ll often stand in front of an old tree, “and just stop and try and feel the vibe of the person who planted it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He realizes it sounds a little odd but, “I’ve had trees talk to me, like ‘Thank you. You’re taking care of me again. I’ve been alone,' ” not picked for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a spirit in those plants,” he says. A spirit he’s trying to keep alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Foodways\u003c/a> piece was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hunting for old trees to learn our botanical and human history - and to contribute to modern-day agriculture in a time of drought.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who doesn’t like a treasure hunt? The search for something mysterious and valuable, with just a few clues for guidance, is pretty irresistible. In California’s Nevada County, an unusual explorer with an unusual name -- Amigo Bob Cantisano -- hunts for remnants of the Gold Rush, just not the kind you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treasures Cantisano seeks are trees, the fruits and nuts and ornamentals planted at homesteads and stagecoach stops and small orchards in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of neglect, many are still highly productive and could prove valuable at a time when California faces drought and the effects of climate change. Cantisano is looking to bring the best-tasting, heartiest ones back to life, back to gardens and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Resilient heirloom trees have lessons for growers in California today, where highly tended crops face drought, pests and disease.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He and two partners run a nonprofit organization: the \u003ca href=\"http://felixgillet.org/\">Felix Gillet Institute\u003c/a>. They’re committed to finding, identifying and propagating heirloom fruits and nuts from which they sell to gardeners and small farmers in Northern California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his home about 20 minutes outside the picturesque Gold Country town of Nevada City, in the northeastern part of the state, Cantisano (the “Amigo” was a high school nickname that stuck) shows me around his garden and nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as an aside, he points to one plant, saying, “We have a lilac named after a friend of ours, Kate Wolf.” When I push, an illuminating story tumbles out: the late singer/songwriter spent summers nearby at an old mining camp and, decades ago, told Cantisano the backstory of her song “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q83NqwtdBZk\">The Lilac and The Apple\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/q83NqwtdBZk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/q83NqwtdBZk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Kate wrote the song about walking into an old homestead with the house no longer there, and finding this apple and lilac growing on a hill,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the song, Wolf imagines the plants reminiscing about the miners and mill workers who planted them, the lilac and the apple the only evidence that people once lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After she passed away, I started wondering about where that was,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of searching for the homestead, Cantisano finally got a lead. He walked for hours in forest along the Yuba River when, bingo: the lilac and the apple were still growing, side by side. He took cuttings and he’s been nurturing them in his nursery ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834091\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo Bob harvests persimmons at what was once a stagecoach stop.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-800x508.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-400x254.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-768x487.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-1440x914.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-1180x749.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1-960x609.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo Bob harvests persimmons at what was once a stagecoach stop. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cantisano straps a ladder on his car, tosses bags in his trunk and takes me on a tour. Instead of pointing out old buildings, he shows me his favorite walnut, the rose and apple that grow in the cemetery, and a 120-year-old pear tree standing tall between a community hall and a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is absolutely just the most hearty tree,” he says, looking at the tree like it’s a friend. “It’s thrown huge crops every year in the drought. It doesn’t get diseases, it doesn’t get insects. Nobody prunes it, nobody waters it, nobody fertilizes it, and it is just prolific as heck. I’ve picked over 500 pounds of pears off of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantisano says these resilient heirloom trees have lessons for growers in California today, where highly tended crops face drought, pests and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out how to take those characteristics and meld them into modern agriculture, we’re going to have a more sustainable agriculture,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a name like Amigo, dreadlocks down to his waist, and a year-round outfit of shorts and tie-dye, Cantisano has had plenty of people write him off over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-800x744.jpg\" alt=\"The property of Cantisano's friend Sidonie Christian is full of mature trees, and Cantisano sees the impact of Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it," he says. "All these trees are Gillet-era plants."\" width=\"800\" height=\"744\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-800x744.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-400x372.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-768x714.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-1440x1339.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-1180x1097.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Sidone-960x893.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The property of Cantisano's friend Sidonie Christian is full of mature trees, and Cantisano sees the impact of Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it,\" he says. \"All these trees are Gillet-era plants.\" \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m a hippie, OK!” he says with a laugh. More to the point, he’s an influential founding figure in California’s organic agriculture movement. Cantisano co-founded California Certified Organic Farmers -- a leading organic certification organization -- and advises a bunch of the big agriculture corporations on how to adopt organic methods for their operations, to highlight just a couple points on his extensive resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantisano was practically born into this work. His grandmother, Dorothy Moraga, gardened in her Bay Area home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She grew fava beans, made compost from the manure from our chickens, squashed the bugs and hoed the weeds,” he says, basically gardening organically before anyone used the term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember crawling around in the dirt, picking cucumbers with her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His interest piqued, Cantisano provided food for the San Francisco communes he lived in as a teenager by gardening. At the first Earth Day in 1970, he heard about pesticide hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lightbulb went on, as they say,” and he’s worked in organic agriculture ever since. Eventually he moved to Nevada County, where he ran an organic garden supply store. That’s when he found his first abandoned trees, and started to learn about Felix Gillet, the Frenchman who ran a barbershop and then opened a nursery in Nevada City in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gillet had plants from almost 35 countries. He was a plant maniac,” says Cantisano. “If you drink wine, you are indebted to Felix Gillet. He had a catalog of 241 types of grapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'If we lose a tree like this chestnut, we lose the genetics of a particularly hearty, productive, high-quality plant. You can’t find those everywhere.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s just grapes. From historic documents he’s found, Cantisano believes many of the trees still growing in the Sierra originated in Gillet’s nursery. When Cantisano and his partners formed their nonprofit, they named it in his honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Gradziel, of the UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences, says a lot of California agriculture was built on the expertise of nurserymen like Gillet and his contemporaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we can just go to the grocery store, and there are only one or two varieties of any given fruit or nut,” he says. “The horticulturist in all of us is lost. Nurserymen like Gillet would be appalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834081\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-800x1373.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo harvests chestnuts from a century-old, heritage tree. "We've tested nearly 100 of them and that's the very best one."\" width=\"800\" height=\"1373\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-800x1373.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-400x686.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-768x1318.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1440x2471.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-1180x2024.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/AmigoHarvests-960x1647.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo harvests chestnuts from a century-old, heritage tree. \"We've tested nearly 100 of them and that's the very best one.\" \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lack of diversity in varieties isn’t only dull for our taste buds, he says, it makes crops vulnerable to being wiped out. “The more diverse material we have in both commercial fields and in the backyard, the more resilience there’ll be to better contain disease and pests,” he says. While one variety might perish, another might survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a breeder, Gradziel says it’s important to find a diversity of varieties that can work in a range of California environments. “The more we find with proven adaptability -- and the stuff Bob’s finding has proven itself in adaptability -- the better,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Cantisano drives up to a property owned by his longtime friend, Sidonie Christian, that’s filled with mature trees, he sees Gillet’s living legacy. “This homestead clearly has Gillet vibe all through it,\" he says. \"All these trees are Gillet-era plants: the walnuts, the chestnut, the pear, the apples, the plums, the cherries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Christian rake the porcupine-like pods of chestnuts that have fallen to the ground, then peel and toss them in a basket. Of the 100 chestnuts he and his partners have tested, Cantisano says, “That’s the very best one. They are the tastiest, they’re the biggest.” Plus, Christian adds, they peel easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on tips from friends and their own explorations, the people at the Felix Gillet Institute have a database of more than 600 locations -- and 3,000 plants -- they want to investigate. They’ve gotten to about a fifth of those, evaluating each tree’s health and productivity, harvesting the crops, then inviting friends over to for a taste test of fresh fruit and nuts, pies and juices. They research their favorites, like this chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10834085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10834085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Amigo Bob and his partners believe these chestnuts come from a Marron de Lyon tree, originally from France. They're working with the University of Pennsylvania to test its DNA.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Chestnuts-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amigo Bob and his partners believe these chestnuts come from a Marron de Lyon tree, originally from France. They're working with the University of Pennsylvania to test its DNA. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We believe it’s called the Marron de Lyon, which means it’s from Lyon, France,” Cantisano says. “Judging from the leaf shape, the size of the nut and the structure of the plant, it looks like it’s a European chestnut.” The University of Pennsylvania is testing this chestnut’s DNA to find out for certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they harvest, Christian tells Cantisano about county workers who were doing maintenance nearby and almost ran a beloved apple tree through a chipper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ran out yelling, ‘No, no no! The whole neighborhood eats those apples,’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I ask Cantisano: What happens when you lose a century-old heritage tree?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we lose a tree like this chestnut, we lose the genetics of a particularly hearty, productive, high-quality plant. You can’t find those everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trees are important for people and neighborhoods, too, says Christian, pointing around her small town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generations of kids have eaten apples off that tree. Lots of people put chestnuts off this tree into their Thanksgiving stuffing and have done for years,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cantisano, this work connects human and botanical history. He says he’ll often stand in front of an old tree, “and just stop and try and feel the vibe of the person who planted it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He realizes it sounds a little odd but, “I’ve had trees talk to me, like ‘Thank you. You’re taking care of me again. I’ve been alone,' ” not picked for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a spirit in those plants,” he says. A spirit he’s trying to keep alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Foodways\u003c/a> piece was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gas Company Understated Benzene Exposure From Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "Gas Company Understated Benzene Exposure From Porter Ranch Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KSBPwVARzVWbX3cKA8YnSpQtbpEUeYUL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "SoCalGas wrote about two air samples with high levels of the carcinogen -- but not about 12 others, the AP reports.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "SoCalGas to Try Capturing Methane in Attempt to Address Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "SoCalGas to Try Capturing Methane in Attempt to Address Porter Ranch Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As methane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">continues to billow out\u003c/a> of the Aliso Canyon storage field in Los Angeles County, Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) is seeking permission to try to capture the leak and possibly incinerate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers detected the leak almost three months ago. Initial repairs failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas shot a heavy, sticky fluid into the leak, a kind of mud crossed with chewing gum. But the high pressure of the leak blew this “well kill” right back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date the company has attempted seven separate attempts to plug the well directly in this standard manner, but none has worked,” says Bob Wyman, a lawyer with the firm Latham & Watkins, which is representing SoCalGas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the company is drilling new wells to relieve pressure and reduce the flow of the leak, to enable another attempt to plug the well nearer to its source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">another kind of pressure is growing\u003c/a>. Thousands of people living in nearby Porter Ranch, a community in the City of Los Angeles, have relocated away from the leak. Those who remain continue to complain of headaches, nausea and nosebleeds. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">Lawsuits are piling up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832869\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg\" alt=\"A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10832869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says it has been developing a plan to capture fugitive natural gas since mid-November. Now the company has applied to the South Coast Air Quality Management District for permits to enact its plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company would use pipes,\" says the district’s Sam Atwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big ones. Imagine a straw 3 feet wide hovering over the leak, sucking in methane and air. Rough estimates suggest the company could catch up to 90 percent of the methane as the leak slows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas would have to be piped to some distance from the wellhead for safety reasons,” Atwood says. “And then it would be either captured and, or, it would be incinerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing SoCalGas could do is bring in an adsorption system, equipment that could eliminate foul odors. Jen Wilcox, a professor of energy systems engineering at Stanford, says an activated carbon filter system could do for escaping natural gas what home purifiers do for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a, you know, charcoal kind of material,” she says. “It’s porous. And what it’s doing is selectively removing contaminants from the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">If the company burns the methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The pores could capture problematic molecules in the chemical mercaptan, which is a stinky additive used to help identify when odorless, colorless methane is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that methane remains a concern, because the state requires all utilities to cut contributions to global warming. So, under another scenario, the company may burn what it captures from the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an irrational thing to do. It’s just a difficult thing to do,” says Roger Aines, a geochemist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipment often used by oil companies would allow SoCalGas to burn methane inside a ceramic chamber, or a sort of kiln. Once the methane was captured in pipes, it could pass over a very hot surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6H6cn39snXSakf87dBb4XtOGCkNSPgxL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a hot screen, you know, or pile of screens” Aines says. “It’s hot enough that as you pass the mixture of gas and air over it, it burns but it doesn’t burn with a flame. It actually just combusts on that catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas emphasizes that safety is its top concern. But a fix this big has never been tried in California. If the company burns this methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these unknowns make the gas field’s neighbors nervous -- including Matt Pakucko, a founder of Save Porter Ranch, a grass-roots group that wants to shut the gas field down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are greatly concerned with the possible unintended consequences of that plan,” he told a hearing board for the AQMD. “This does not sound safe. Especially since SoCalGas has failed in all attempts to stop or mitigate their nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko and other homeowners say they don’t trust SoCalGas. That’s why they’re pushing politicians to investigate not only why the leak happened but why a gas capture plan wasn’t in place sooner.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The company has made seven separate attempts to plug the massive natural gas leak, but none has worked.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As methane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">continues to billow out\u003c/a> of the Aliso Canyon storage field in Los Angeles County, Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) is seeking permission to try to capture the leak and possibly incinerate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers detected the leak almost three months ago. Initial repairs failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas shot a heavy, sticky fluid into the leak, a kind of mud crossed with chewing gum. But the high pressure of the leak blew this “well kill” right back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date the company has attempted seven separate attempts to plug the well directly in this standard manner, but none has worked,” says Bob Wyman, a lawyer with the firm Latham & Watkins, which is representing SoCalGas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the company is drilling new wells to relieve pressure and reduce the flow of the leak, to enable another attempt to plug the well nearer to its source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">another kind of pressure is growing\u003c/a>. Thousands of people living in nearby Porter Ranch, a community in the City of Los Angeles, have relocated away from the leak. Those who remain continue to complain of headaches, nausea and nosebleeds. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">Lawsuits are piling up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832869\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg\" alt=\"A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10832869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says it has been developing a plan to capture fugitive natural gas since mid-November. Now the company has applied to the South Coast Air Quality Management District for permits to enact its plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company would use pipes,\" says the district’s Sam Atwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big ones. Imagine a straw 3 feet wide hovering over the leak, sucking in methane and air. Rough estimates suggest the company could catch up to 90 percent of the methane as the leak slows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas would have to be piped to some distance from the wellhead for safety reasons,” Atwood says. “And then it would be either captured and, or, it would be incinerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing SoCalGas could do is bring in an adsorption system, equipment that could eliminate foul odors. Jen Wilcox, a professor of energy systems engineering at Stanford, says an activated carbon filter system could do for escaping natural gas what home purifiers do for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a, you know, charcoal kind of material,” she says. “It’s porous. And what it’s doing is selectively removing contaminants from the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">If the company burns the methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The pores could capture problematic molecules in the chemical mercaptan, which is a stinky additive used to help identify when odorless, colorless methane is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that methane remains a concern, because the state requires all utilities to cut contributions to global warming. So, under another scenario, the company may burn what it captures from the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an irrational thing to do. It’s just a difficult thing to do,” says Roger Aines, a geochemist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipment often used by oil companies would allow SoCalGas to burn methane inside a ceramic chamber, or a sort of kiln. Once the methane was captured in pipes, it could pass over a very hot surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a hot screen, you know, or pile of screens” Aines says. “It’s hot enough that as you pass the mixture of gas and air over it, it burns but it doesn’t burn with a flame. It actually just combusts on that catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas emphasizes that safety is its top concern. But a fix this big has never been tried in California. If the company burns this methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these unknowns make the gas field’s neighbors nervous -- including Matt Pakucko, a founder of Save Porter Ranch, a grass-roots group that wants to shut the gas field down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are greatly concerned with the possible unintended consequences of that plan,” he told a hearing board for the AQMD. “This does not sound safe. Especially since SoCalGas has failed in all attempts to stop or mitigate their nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko and other homeowners say they don’t trust SoCalGas. That’s why they’re pushing politicians to investigate not only why the leak happened but why a gas capture plan wasn’t in place sooner.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yosemite to Change Historic Names in Trademark Dispute",
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"content": "\u003cp>The names of iconic hotels and other landmarks in Yosemite National Park will soon change in an ongoing battle over who owns the intellectual property, park officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The luxurious Ahwahnee Hotel will become the Majestic Yosemite Hotel, and Curry Village will become Half Dome Village, said park spokesman Scott Gediman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes in an ongoing dispute with Delaware North, the company that recently lost a $2 billion bid — the National Park Service's largest single contract — to run Yosemite's hotels, restaurants and outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North demands to be paid $51 million for the names and other intellectual property. The New York-based firm filed a lawsuit last year, saying that when it won the contract in 1993, the park service required the company to buy the former concessionaire's assets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Delaware North] apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States.'\u003ccite>Justice Department attorney John Robertson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Park officials are making the name changes to avoid any disruptions to visitors with hotel reservations during the transition to a new concessionaire on March 1, Gediman said. He said the park service is fighting for the rights to the original names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're clearly in disagreement with Delaware North,\" he said. \"We're taking this action to ensure the seamless transition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/news/yosemite-national-park-to-change-historic-property-names.htm\" target=\"_blank\">outlined the five name changes in a press release\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● Yosemite Lodge at the Falls to become: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● The Ahwahnee to become: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Curry Village to become: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Wawona Hotel to become: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Badger Pass Ski Area to become: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park — another name which is also claimed by Delaware North and remains in dispute — will stay put, Gediman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10832725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1440x1053.jpg\" alt=\"Tent cabins at Yosemite's Curry Village, now to be called Half Dome Village.\" width=\"640\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1440x1053.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-400x293.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-768x562.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1180x863.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-960x702.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tent cabins at Yosemite's Curry Village, now to be called Half Dome Village. \u003ccite>(pshab/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service says the names and other intellectual property are worth about $3.5 million, according to the government's response to a lawsuit that Delaware North filed with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNC Parks & Resorts at Yosemite Inc., a subsidiary of Delaware North, said in a written statement that it was \"shocked and disappointed\" that the park service is using the beloved names as a \"bargaining chip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company defended its demands, saying that it hopes Yosemite and the new concessionaire decide not to change the names. \"All we want in this is fair and just treatment,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department attorney John Robertson wrote in court papers that the company \"wildly inflated\" the value of the trademark names. He added that Delaware North has \"breached its duty of good faith and fair dealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trademark dispute at Yosemite is similar to disputes at Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas and the Grand Canyon in Arizona, and with other iconic pieces of Americana owned by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fPpJiZlZNGkUS9yfRMptsuAI1Kfn6xUG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park service belatedly learned of the trademark issue when it prepared to open bids for the concessionary operation. Yosemite awarded a 15-year contract to Aramark last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center and has a trademark application for \"Space Shuttle Atlantis,\" government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North \"apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,\" Robertson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name changes don't sit well with park admirers like John Lenau, an amateur historian and president of the Conference of California Historical Societies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 76, he's visited Yosemite since childhood and says when somebody mentions Curry Village he can picture it in his head. That will be lost with the change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also worries about stripping away the Native American heritage by turning the Ahwahnee to the Majestic Yosemite Hotel and the Wawona Hotel to Big Trees Lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't see the advantage of doing that,\" Lenau said, speaking for himself rather than the society. \"I'm just a little bit against changing something that has been around for so many years.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The names of iconic hotels and other landmarks in Yosemite National Park will soon change in an ongoing battle over who owns the intellectual property, park officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The luxurious Ahwahnee Hotel will become the Majestic Yosemite Hotel, and Curry Village will become Half Dome Village, said park spokesman Scott Gediman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes in an ongoing dispute with Delaware North, the company that recently lost a $2 billion bid — the National Park Service's largest single contract — to run Yosemite's hotels, restaurants and outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North demands to be paid $51 million for the names and other intellectual property. The New York-based firm filed a lawsuit last year, saying that when it won the contract in 1993, the park service required the company to buy the former concessionaire's assets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Delaware North] apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States.'\u003ccite>Justice Department attorney John Robertson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Park officials are making the name changes to avoid any disruptions to visitors with hotel reservations during the transition to a new concessionaire on March 1, Gediman said. He said the park service is fighting for the rights to the original names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're clearly in disagreement with Delaware North,\" he said. \"We're taking this action to ensure the seamless transition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/news/yosemite-national-park-to-change-historic-property-names.htm\" target=\"_blank\">outlined the five name changes in a press release\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● Yosemite Lodge at the Falls to become: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● The Ahwahnee to become: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Curry Village to become: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Wawona Hotel to become: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● Badger Pass Ski Area to become: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park — another name which is also claimed by Delaware North and remains in dispute — will stay put, Gediman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10832725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1440x1053.jpg\" alt=\"Tent cabins at Yosemite's Curry Village, now to be called Half Dome Village.\" width=\"640\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1440x1053.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-400x293.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-768x562.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-1180x863.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CurryVillage-960x702.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tent cabins at Yosemite's Curry Village, now to be called Half Dome Village. \u003ccite>(pshab/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service says the names and other intellectual property are worth about $3.5 million, according to the government's response to a lawsuit that Delaware North filed with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNC Parks & Resorts at Yosemite Inc., a subsidiary of Delaware North, said in a written statement that it was \"shocked and disappointed\" that the park service is using the beloved names as a \"bargaining chip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company defended its demands, saying that it hopes Yosemite and the new concessionaire decide not to change the names. \"All we want in this is fair and just treatment,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department attorney John Robertson wrote in court papers that the company \"wildly inflated\" the value of the trademark names. He added that Delaware North has \"breached its duty of good faith and fair dealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trademark dispute at Yosemite is similar to disputes at Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas and the Grand Canyon in Arizona, and with other iconic pieces of Americana owned by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park service belatedly learned of the trademark issue when it prepared to open bids for the concessionary operation. Yosemite awarded a 15-year contract to Aramark last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center and has a trademark application for \"Space Shuttle Atlantis,\" government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North \"apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,\" Robertson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name changes don't sit well with park admirers like John Lenau, an amateur historian and president of the Conference of California Historical Societies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 76, he's visited Yosemite since childhood and says when somebody mentions Curry Village he can picture it in his head. That will be lost with the change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also worries about stripping away the Native American heritage by turning the Ahwahnee to the Majestic Yosemite Hotel and the Wawona Hotel to Big Trees Lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't see the advantage of doing that,\" Lenau said, speaking for himself rather than the society. \"I'm just a little bit against changing something that has been around for so many years.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "aleutian-quake-zone-could-shoot-big-tsunamis-to-hawaii-california",
"title": "Aleutian Quake Zone Could Deliver Big Tsunamis to Hawaii, California",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two teams of geologists say portions of the seafloor along the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska could produce tsunamis more devastating than anything seen in the past century. They say California and Hawaii are directly in the line of fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis — the giant waves generated by undersea earthquakes or landslides — have hit U.S. shorelines before. Often they start along the Aleutian island chain that curves in an arc across the North Pacific. Right underneath, there’s a trench where two pieces of the Earth’s crust are colliding. The edge of the Pacific Plate is shoving itself under the edge of the North American Plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally a segment of the trench along the plate margins gives way with ferocious results — a massive earthquake. These \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a> quakes are the type that produce a tsunami, as a giant section of the earth collapses. It’s like waving your hand underwater — the collapse creates a wave that can travel thousands of miles. In the past century, several such tsunamis have inundated parts of Hawaii, Alaska and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/GeochemistryGeophysics/SeismicDataProcessingInterpretation/SeismicStaff.aspx\">John Miller \u003c/a>and a team at the U.S. Geological Survey have been studying one particular segment that worries Miller. It’s quiet. Too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/462708068/462821853\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stress isn’t being relieved by small seismic events,” Miller says, referring to small earthquakes. “It suggests that it’s building up a tremendous amount of tension.” If too much tension builds up, the segment will unzip along the plate margin or along faults in that margin, causing a quake. His research team’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GC006147/full\">analysis\u003c/a> was recently published online in the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cXyGFgMKxBj9oCGy2kRXqiqYlMlwNWNi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says this segment of the trench, called the Semidi, poses a special risk. A tsunami created by its rupture would travel outward at a 90-degree angle from the segment. “[A] perpendicular [line] to that section of the trench,” he says, “aims right at California.” He says that means a big quake could produce a tsunami that would score a direct hit on California’s coastline from San Francisco to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 100 years, other tsunamis have come from other parts of the Aleutians, he points out; since the trench is shaped in an arc, each segment of it “points” in a slightly different direction in terms of the waves created when it ruptures. Consequently, tsunamis emanating from that region of the seafloor in the recent past have mostly missed population centers, or struck only glancing blows. The Semidi, in contrast, points directly at Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that struck Japan in 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Miller and his team have found evidence that the Semidi segment ruptures about once every 180 to 270 years. The last time it erupted was 1788.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That last great earthquake was 227 years ago; so there’s a possibility that we’re going to have another big one at any time,” Miller says, because we’re near the end of that recurrence interval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/07/135181474/in-japan-shaken-soil-turned-soft-after-quake\">struck Japan\u003c/a> in 2011. “I think the public just needs to be aware that tsunamis of this magnitude can occur, and they can cause a lot of damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidentally, another USGS team says there’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the Aleutian chain that poses what the scientists say is a “previously unrecognized” tsunami threat. Geologist \u003ca href=\"http://alaska.usgs.gov/staff/staffbio.php?employeeid=445\">Rob Witter\u003c/a>, out of Anchorage, Alaska, led that team. An underground rupture and resulting quake along certain parts of that trench, he says, would point a tsunami “straight toward Hawaii.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10830638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10830638 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg\" alt=\"People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands.\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii, on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands. \u003ccite>(USGS/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Witter says this segment of the trench hasn’t been considered a threat by most scientists because it’s “creeping” — the opposing edges along the trench there are actually moving, relative to each other, but very slowly. Theoretically, that should relieve the stress, making a quake unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so fast, says Witter. There’s now good evidence that this creeping segment has in fact caused quakes as well as tsunamis in the past. His team has found evidence of at least six such events over the past 1,700 years that probably started with ruptures in this Fox Island section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evidence includes sheets of sand and debris that were pushed up onto hills on another Alaskan island as the big waves moved in. One of those tsunamis was so big it pushed huge logs and other debris about 50 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter notes that Hawaii and California have warning systems that would alert people of a tsunami’s arrival at least four hours ahead of time. But residents have to pay attention to those warnings, if they’re to work, he says. “I think the take-home message here is, be aware and practice your evacuation plan. A tsunami along the coastlines could happen. It could happen tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066083/abstract\">research\u003c/a> was published online this month in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. He says he is not surprised that the peculiarities of these segments are just now coming to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hardly anything is known about the long-term history of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Aleutian chain over the last several thousand years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an urgent need, he says, to do more surveys of the seafloor in the area to understand what’s going on there, and what’s likely to happen in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two teams of geologists say portions of the seafloor along the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska could produce tsunamis more devastating than anything seen in the past century. They say California and Hawaii are directly in the line of fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis — the giant waves generated by undersea earthquakes or landslides — have hit U.S. shorelines before. Often they start along the Aleutian island chain that curves in an arc across the North Pacific. Right underneath, there’s a trench where two pieces of the Earth’s crust are colliding. The edge of the Pacific Plate is shoving itself under the edge of the North American Plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally a segment of the trench along the plate margins gives way with ferocious results — a massive earthquake. These \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a> quakes are the type that produce a tsunami, as a giant section of the earth collapses. It’s like waving your hand underwater — the collapse creates a wave that can travel thousands of miles. In the past century, several such tsunamis have inundated parts of Hawaii, Alaska and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/GeochemistryGeophysics/SeismicDataProcessingInterpretation/SeismicStaff.aspx\">John Miller \u003c/a>and a team at the U.S. Geological Survey have been studying one particular segment that worries Miller. It’s quiet. Too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/462708068/462821853\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stress isn’t being relieved by small seismic events,” Miller says, referring to small earthquakes. “It suggests that it’s building up a tremendous amount of tension.” If too much tension builds up, the segment will unzip along the plate margin or along faults in that margin, causing a quake. His research team’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GC006147/full\">analysis\u003c/a> was recently published online in the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says this segment of the trench, called the Semidi, poses a special risk. A tsunami created by its rupture would travel outward at a 90-degree angle from the segment. “[A] perpendicular [line] to that section of the trench,” he says, “aims right at California.” He says that means a big quake could produce a tsunami that would score a direct hit on California’s coastline from San Francisco to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 100 years, other tsunamis have come from other parts of the Aleutians, he points out; since the trench is shaped in an arc, each segment of it “points” in a slightly different direction in terms of the waves created when it ruptures. Consequently, tsunamis emanating from that region of the seafloor in the recent past have mostly missed population centers, or struck only glancing blows. The Semidi, in contrast, points directly at Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that struck Japan in 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Miller and his team have found evidence that the Semidi segment ruptures about once every 180 to 270 years. The last time it erupted was 1788.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That last great earthquake was 227 years ago; so there’s a possibility that we’re going to have another big one at any time,” Miller says, because we’re near the end of that recurrence interval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/07/135181474/in-japan-shaken-soil-turned-soft-after-quake\">struck Japan\u003c/a> in 2011. “I think the public just needs to be aware that tsunamis of this magnitude can occur, and they can cause a lot of damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidentally, another USGS team says there’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the Aleutian chain that poses what the scientists say is a “previously unrecognized” tsunami threat. Geologist \u003ca href=\"http://alaska.usgs.gov/staff/staffbio.php?employeeid=445\">Rob Witter\u003c/a>, out of Anchorage, Alaska, led that team. An underground rupture and resulting quake along certain parts of that trench, he says, would point a tsunami “straight toward Hawaii.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10830638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10830638 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg\" alt=\"People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands.\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii, on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands. \u003ccite>(USGS/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Witter says this segment of the trench hasn’t been considered a threat by most scientists because it’s “creeping” — the opposing edges along the trench there are actually moving, relative to each other, but very slowly. Theoretically, that should relieve the stress, making a quake unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so fast, says Witter. There’s now good evidence that this creeping segment has in fact caused quakes as well as tsunamis in the past. His team has found evidence of at least six such events over the past 1,700 years that probably started with ruptures in this Fox Island section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evidence includes sheets of sand and debris that were pushed up onto hills on another Alaskan island as the big waves moved in. One of those tsunamis was so big it pushed huge logs and other debris about 50 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter notes that Hawaii and California have warning systems that would alert people of a tsunami’s arrival at least four hours ahead of time. But residents have to pay attention to those warnings, if they’re to work, he says. “I think the take-home message here is, be aware and practice your evacuation plan. A tsunami along the coastlines could happen. It could happen tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066083/abstract\">research\u003c/a> was published online this month in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. He says he is not surprised that the peculiarities of these segments are just now coming to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hardly anything is known about the long-term history of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Aleutian chain over the last several thousand years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an urgent need, he says, to do more surveys of the seafloor in the area to understand what’s going on there, and what’s likely to happen in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"info": "",
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"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"ted-radio-hour": {
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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