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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/154281106\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is getting a break from the rain after a four-week series of storms that brought above-normal precipitation to virtually \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/calif/jan2016.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the entire state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots in the Bay Area got more than 20 inches of rain for the month. The rain gauge in Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">a spot in the hills\u003c/a> west of the northern Sonoma County town of Healdsburg, recorded 27.56 inches in January. San Francisco picked up 6.94 inches, 54 percent above its normal amount for the month. The storms helped build the Sierra snowpack to its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\">healthiest level in five years\u003c/a>, with water content in the snow now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent above average\u003c/a> for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little movie up above there gives a dramatically sped-up look at the series of storms that visited the state. We cobbled the video together from about 1,500 images from NOAA's GOES West satellite, one recorded every half-hour taken between Jan. 1 and Jan. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictures are not quite the same as standard satellite imagery. Instead of showing visible light, they depict water vapor detected by an infrared imager (here's \u003ca href=\"http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/wv/wv_intro.html\" target=\"_blank\">a technical description\u003c/a> of water vapor images).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these unenhanced pictures are not quite as dramatic as visible-light images, they still depict the progression of storms. And they allow the resulting movie to be continuous, unlike visible-light pictures that, taken just after our winter solstice, show about 10 hours of amazing daylight and 14 hours of boring darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Here's what the first three weeks of January \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/152796437\" target=\"_blank\">look like\u003c/a> in GOES West visible images.)\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10855344 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10855344",
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"excerpt": "The first month of January brought more than 20 inches of rain to the Bay Area's wettest locales and lots of snow to the Sierra. This is what it looked like from space. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/154281106\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is getting a break from the rain after a four-week series of storms that brought above-normal precipitation to virtually \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/calif/jan2016.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the entire state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots in the Bay Area got more than 20 inches of rain for the month. The rain gauge in Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">a spot in the hills\u003c/a> west of the northern Sonoma County town of Healdsburg, recorded 27.56 inches in January. San Francisco picked up 6.94 inches, 54 percent above its normal amount for the month. The storms helped build the Sierra snowpack to its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\">healthiest level in five years\u003c/a>, with water content in the snow now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent above average\u003c/a> for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little movie up above there gives a dramatically sped-up look at the series of storms that visited the state. We cobbled the video together from about 1,500 images from NOAA's GOES West satellite, one recorded every half-hour taken between Jan. 1 and Jan. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictures are not quite the same as standard satellite imagery. Instead of showing visible light, they depict water vapor detected by an infrared imager (here's \u003ca href=\"http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/wv/wv_intro.html\" target=\"_blank\">a technical description\u003c/a> of water vapor images).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these unenhanced pictures are not quite as dramatic as visible-light images, they still depict the progression of storms. And they allow the resulting movie to be continuous, unlike visible-light pictures that, taken just after our winter solstice, show about 10 hours of amazing daylight and 14 hours of boring darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Here's what the first three weeks of January \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/152796437\" target=\"_blank\">look like\u003c/a> in GOES West visible images.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The four men charged with vandalizing a large dam in Fremont last year, an act that led to the loss of nearly 50 million gallons of water, have all agreed to plea deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake Elkhouri, the man prosecutors say stabbed the inflatable dam on Alameda Creek on May 21, pleaded guilty to felony vandalism last month and has been sentenced to one year in county jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dylan Jeffery, Gavin Palmon and Zackory Morton all pleaded guilty to misdemeanor trespassing. They ended up each serving around 40 days in jail, according to Teresa Drenick, a spokeswoman for the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri, the main defendant, could end up having to pay for the damage related to the vandalism, including the cost of the loss of water, Drenick said in an email. A restitution hearing on how much he would have to pay is set for early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri's lawyer has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, authorities revealed that the vandalism took place after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/26/authorities-fremont-dam-vandalism-caused-by-drunk-and-high-suspects\" target=\"_blank\">the four men had been drinking and smoking marijuana\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case prompted an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/03/epa-probes-fremont-vandalism-that-ruined-dam-allowed-water-to-escape\" target=\"_blank\">investigation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> because the vandalism could have been a violation of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal case is now closed. The EPA's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) met with the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco after the men were arrested and decided not to pursue separate charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local charges were \"appropriate and consistent with the facts of this case,\" said Michele Huitric, an EPA spokeswoman, in an email Thursday. \"Rather than attempting to pursue federal criminal charges related to tampering under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA-CID is closing its file on the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Water District replaced the dam and upgraded security around it but the agency's general manager, Robert Shaver, said there's only so much that can be done to keep pieces of the region's water infrastructure completely secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 900 miles of pipeline just serving Fremont, Union City and Newark. We have numerous tanks and reservoirs,\" Shaver said in an interview this week. \"There's no way that any water utility could guarantee that something like this can't happen to any one of its facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The four men charged with vandalizing a large dam in Fremont last year, an act that led to the loss of nearly 50 million gallons of water, have all agreed to plea deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake Elkhouri, the man prosecutors say stabbed the inflatable dam on Alameda Creek on May 21, pleaded guilty to felony vandalism last month and has been sentenced to one year in county jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dylan Jeffery, Gavin Palmon and Zackory Morton all pleaded guilty to misdemeanor trespassing. They ended up each serving around 40 days in jail, according to Teresa Drenick, a spokeswoman for the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri, the main defendant, could end up having to pay for the damage related to the vandalism, including the cost of the loss of water, Drenick said in an email. A restitution hearing on how much he would have to pay is set for early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri's lawyer has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, authorities revealed that the vandalism took place after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/26/authorities-fremont-dam-vandalism-caused-by-drunk-and-high-suspects\" target=\"_blank\">the four men had been drinking and smoking marijuana\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case prompted an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/03/epa-probes-fremont-vandalism-that-ruined-dam-allowed-water-to-escape\" target=\"_blank\">investigation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> because the vandalism could have been a violation of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal case is now closed. The EPA's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) met with the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco after the men were arrested and decided not to pursue separate charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local charges were \"appropriate and consistent with the facts of this case,\" said Michele Huitric, an EPA spokeswoman, in an email Thursday. \"Rather than attempting to pursue federal criminal charges related to tampering under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA-CID is closing its file on the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Water District replaced the dam and upgraded security around it but the agency's general manager, Robert Shaver, said there's only so much that can be done to keep pieces of the region's water infrastructure completely secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 900 miles of pipeline just serving Fremont, Union City and Newark. We have numerous tanks and reservoirs,\" Shaver said in an interview this week. \"There's no way that any water utility could guarantee that something like this can't happen to any one of its facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Utility Faces Criminal Charges Over Ongoing Gas Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rZrjrCDgiHXCSVVhI4QLOwfHD222KZBY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Winter storms may be luring many Californians to relax about the drought, but on Tuesday, state officials sent a message that the drought is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They voted to extend the state’s mandatory water conservation rules through October; the rules were set to expire this month. Under them, water districts have to cut back water use from 4-to-36 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only half-time in this rainy season and we don’t know what’s coming next,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40 percent of the state’s water districts are already failing to meet their conservation targets. Many have been lobbying the water board for more leeway going forward, asking for a lower targets for districts in inland areas or for those with large local water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s Saving Water and Who Isn’t\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/725d60ae-ca10-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board voted to provide some wiggle room, cutting conservation targets by up to 8 percent for districts that have invested in drought-resilient water supplies like water recycling, for those areas that have shown water-efficient growth and for places with hot climates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we’ve made so much progress, that Californians have stepped up,” said Sara Aminzadeh of California Coastkeeper Alliance. “And I think that there’s a real danger that if we start to back off that now, we lose some of the ground we covered this year in terms of the ‘keep saving California’ message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”JnhzUjeNMG4vN1xOBMlJBlYKy4PokCfD”]Some water districts asked the board to wait until April to reinstate the conservation targets, saying their customers would likely ignore a conservation message during the rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation dropped off in California over the winter. In December, Californians saved just 18 percent, the lowest level since the mandatory drought rules began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means cumulatively since June, Californians have saved 25.5 percent, just barely meeting Governor Brown’s goal of cutting water use by 25 percent. Saving water is generally tougher during the winter because residents already use less water outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Winter storms may be luring many Californians to relax about the drought, but on Tuesday, state officials sent a message that the drought is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They voted to extend the state’s mandatory water conservation rules through October; the rules were set to expire this month. Under them, water districts have to cut back water use from 4-to-36 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only half-time in this rainy season and we don’t know what’s coming next,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40 percent of the state’s water districts are already failing to meet their conservation targets. Many have been lobbying the water board for more leeway going forward, asking for a lower targets for districts in inland areas or for those with large local water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s Saving Water and Who Isn’t\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/725d60ae-ca10-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board voted to provide some wiggle room, cutting conservation targets by up to 8 percent for districts that have invested in drought-resilient water supplies like water recycling, for those areas that have shown water-efficient growth and for places with hot climates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we’ve made so much progress, that Californians have stepped up,” said Sara Aminzadeh of California Coastkeeper Alliance. “And I think that there’s a real danger that if we start to back off that now, we lose some of the ground we covered this year in terms of the ‘keep saving California’ message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Some water districts asked the board to wait until April to reinstate the conservation targets, saying their customers would likely ignore a conservation message during the rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation dropped off in California over the winter. In December, Californians saved just 18 percent, the lowest level since the mandatory drought rules began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means cumulatively since June, Californians have saved 25.5 percent, just barely meeting Governor Brown’s goal of cutting water use by 25 percent. Saving water is generally tougher during the winter because residents already use less water outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>State water officials checked the snowpack in the Sierra Nevada today and reported that recent storms boosted it to the highest level in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the statewide snowpack is 114 percent of normal for this time of year. That number isn’t a reflection of how many inches of snow California has; it’s a measurement of how much water the snow contains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s manual survey at Phillips Station, south of Lake Tahoe, showed the snowpack at 130 percent of the February average. That’s just one location, though. There are more than 100 locations up and down the Sierra where the state gets readings of the water content in the snowpack. The vast majority of them reported the snowpack at under 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-506451\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-506451\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg\" alt=\"Snowpack\" width=\"1072\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg 1072w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-960x537.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1072px) 100vw, 1072px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one-third of the state’s water supply comes from the snowpack, but the good news in the Sierra doesn’t mean the drought is easing. A lot could happen to change the outlook for summer between now and April 1, when, historically, the snowpack has reached its peak before melting and feeding rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state’s major reservoirs are still very low; all but one are below average, because they began the year with so little water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of yesterday, Shasta, the state’s largest reservoir, was only 52 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_506046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1116px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-506046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir levels from February 1, 2016.\" width=\"1116\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG.jpg 1116w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-400x452.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-800x903.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-768x867.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-960x1084.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1116px) 100vw, 1116px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reservoir levels from February 1, 2016. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State officials say the drought won’t be over until California makes up the water deficit that’s built up over the last four years. That likely won’t happen for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while today’s snow survey brings good news, officials remind us the drought is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State water officials checked the snowpack in the Sierra Nevada today and reported that recent storms boosted it to the highest level in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the statewide snowpack is 114 percent of normal for this time of year. That number isn’t a reflection of how many inches of snow California has; it’s a measurement of how much water the snow contains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s manual survey at Phillips Station, south of Lake Tahoe, showed the snowpack at 130 percent of the February average. That’s just one location, though. There are more than 100 locations up and down the Sierra where the state gets readings of the water content in the snowpack. The vast majority of them reported the snowpack at under 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-506451\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-506451\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg\" alt=\"Snowpack\" width=\"1072\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202.jpg 1072w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/SnowPack_V05_160202-960x537.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1072px) 100vw, 1072px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one-third of the state’s water supply comes from the snowpack, but the good news in the Sierra doesn’t mean the drought is easing. A lot could happen to change the outlook for summer between now and April 1, when, historically, the snowpack has reached its peak before melting and feeding rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state’s major reservoirs are still very low; all but one are below average, because they began the year with so little water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of yesterday, Shasta, the state’s largest reservoir, was only 52 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_506046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1116px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-506046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir levels from February 1, 2016.\" width=\"1116\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG.jpg 1116w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-400x452.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-800x903.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-768x867.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir-levels_JPG-960x1084.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1116px) 100vw, 1116px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reservoir levels from February 1, 2016. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State officials say the drought won’t be over until California makes up the water deficit that’s built up over the last four years. That likely won’t happen for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while today’s snow survey brings good news, officials remind us the drought is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Extreme Exercise Hurt Your Heart? Swim the Pacific to Find Out",
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"content": "\u003cp>Any day now, Ben Lecomte will plunge into the Pacific Ocean off a Tokyo beach toward San Francisco. He wants to become the first person to swim across the Pacific. He's already the first person to free swim across the Atlantic Ocean, without a kickboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how the physical feat of swimming 5,500 miles will affect Lecomte's heart, but cardiologists are anxious to find out. His swim offers a rare opportunity to study whether extreme athletic performance has a harmful effect on the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JuYUmV8doE13AUPgKViOiltqAlgnStNq\"]After he completed the swim across the Atlantic in 1998, the first words out of Ben Lecomte's mouth were \"never again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this 48-year-old, French-born American is about to embark on a swim expected to take five to six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not a fast swimmer,\" Lecomte says. But boy is he dedicated. \"Swimming is a passion,\" he says. \"You cannot just push it away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte, who lives in Austin, Texas, is diving back into the ocean to focus attention on environmental problems. He's worried about the future for his kids. During the swim, he will collect data on the Pacific, including the microbes and trash he encounters. People can follow along on his Facebook page, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TheLongestSwim\" target=\"_blank\">The Longest Swim\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will also collect data on himself, including how his heart holds up for eight hours of freestyle every single day. This data will go to \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14262/benjamin-levine.html\" target=\"_blank\">Benjamin Levine, \u003c/a>a cardiologist at UT Southwestern Medical Center and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieemphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Institute of Exercise and Environmental Medicine\u003c/a> at Texas Health Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-106548\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim.png\" alt=\"pacific-swim\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My question has always been, how much exercise do you need to do to injure the heart?\" Levine says. \"Since Ben was planning to swim across the Pacific Ocean, we thought, hey, this might be a good opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, we're told more exercise is better — and generally, it is. Yet several \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538475/\">studies\u003c/a> of extreme endurance athletes have called that idea into \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/130/12/987.extract\">question.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who run marathons or do triathlons can have some scarring or fibrosis in the center of the heart, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.harthosp.org/findaphysician/default.aspx?view=detail&phyid=003j000000gd69maat\">Paul Thompson\u003c/a>, chief of cardiology at Hartford Hospital in Connecticut. \"Right where the two sides of the heart join each other — the septum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This scarring at the septum is worrisome, Thompson says, particularly for people who have an underlying genetic condition that weakens the heart muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-106550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/swimmer.jpg\" alt=\"Lecomte will gather data on the environment and on his own health during the Pacific swim. \" width=\"300\" height=\"365\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lecomte will gather data on the environment and on his own health during the Pacific swim. \u003ccite>(Bongani Mlambo/The Longest Swim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there's a second area of concern. \"It's been shown in a couple of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538475/\">studies\u003c/a> now that people who are lifelong endurance athletes have more coronary artery calcification than you would expect for their risk factors,\" Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calcification, meaning a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/\">buildup of calcium\u003c/a> in the heart, is not something you'd expect to find in people swimming long distances, running ultramarathons or tackling Ironman competitions. There could be a genetic explanation to both the calcium issue and the scarring, Thompson says. So he advises people to study up on their family history and see if there have been cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-cdc-launch-registry-sudden-death-young\">sudden death\u003c/a>, then weigh the benefits and risks of extreme exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think that long-term exercise is dangerous, because long-term endurance athletes live longer than other people,\" Thompson says. But Thompson does want to figure out what's going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to Ben Lecomte and the tricky task of monitoring his heart from the middle of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using technology that\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2009/10jul_cardio/\"> NASA\u003c/a> uses for monitoring astronauts on the International Space Station, UT Southwestern's Levine will be able to monitor Lecomte's heart during his swim. It's a small echo machine, like an ultrasound for the heart, that will be on the support boat traveling with Lecomte. Once a month, while resting on the boat, Lecomte will turn the machine on and use a satellite phone to call the Johnson Space Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-106553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Benjamin Levine performs an echocardiogram on Ben Lecomte to record a baseline of his heart function at the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine in Dallas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-768x522.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Benjamin Levine performs an echocardiogram on Ben Lecomte to record a baseline of his heart function at the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine in Dallas. \u003ccite>(The Longest Swim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Someone there will tell Lecomte how to position the probe to give himself an echocardiogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his desk in Dallas, Levine will see images of how fast Lecomte's heart is contracting, how quickly the blood flows in and out of the valves, and any stress where the two sides of the heart meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His prediction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think when he comes back he'll have signs of a little inflammation or irritation right where the right and left ventricle connect,\" Levine says. \"That's what we see in some other of these elite long-endurance athletes, and I think that's what we'll see in Ben.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people this inflammation is really of no consequence, Levine says. But for some people — for example, those who have pulmonary hypertension or other kinds of heart disease — it could cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes studying Lecomte's heart will help reveal why extreme exercise changes the heart and determine whether there's a limit to how much exercise the human heart can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Lecomte is not worried. He thinks his heart can handle the enormous ocean, some 20-foot-high waves and the occasional shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 KERA Unlimited. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kera.org/\">KERA Unlimited\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Extreme+Exercise+Hurt+Your+Heart%3F+Swim+The+Pacific+To+Find+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Any day now, Ben Lecomte will plunge into the Pacific Ocean off a Tokyo beach toward San Francisco. He wants to become the first person to swim across the Pacific. He's already the first person to free swim across the Atlantic Ocean, without a kickboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how the physical feat of swimming 5,500 miles will affect Lecomte's heart, but cardiologists are anxious to find out. His swim offers a rare opportunity to study whether extreme athletic performance has a harmful effect on the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>After he completed the swim across the Atlantic in 1998, the first words out of Ben Lecomte's mouth were \"never again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this 48-year-old, French-born American is about to embark on a swim expected to take five to six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not a fast swimmer,\" Lecomte says. But boy is he dedicated. \"Swimming is a passion,\" he says. \"You cannot just push it away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte, who lives in Austin, Texas, is diving back into the ocean to focus attention on environmental problems. He's worried about the future for his kids. During the swim, he will collect data on the Pacific, including the microbes and trash he encounters. People can follow along on his Facebook page, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TheLongestSwim\" target=\"_blank\">The Longest Swim\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will also collect data on himself, including how his heart holds up for eight hours of freestyle every single day. This data will go to \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14262/benjamin-levine.html\" target=\"_blank\">Benjamin Levine, \u003c/a>a cardiologist at UT Southwestern Medical Center and director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieemphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Institute of Exercise and Environmental Medicine\u003c/a> at Texas Health Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-106548\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim.png\" alt=\"pacific-swim\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/pacific-swim-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My question has always been, how much exercise do you need to do to injure the heart?\" Levine says. \"Since Ben was planning to swim across the Pacific Ocean, we thought, hey, this might be a good opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, we're told more exercise is better — and generally, it is. Yet several \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538475/\">studies\u003c/a> of extreme endurance athletes have called that idea into \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/130/12/987.extract\">question.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who run marathons or do triathlons can have some scarring or fibrosis in the center of the heart, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.harthosp.org/findaphysician/default.aspx?view=detail&phyid=003j000000gd69maat\">Paul Thompson\u003c/a>, chief of cardiology at Hartford Hospital in Connecticut. \"Right where the two sides of the heart join each other — the septum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This scarring at the septum is worrisome, Thompson says, particularly for people who have an underlying genetic condition that weakens the heart muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-106550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/swimmer.jpg\" alt=\"Lecomte will gather data on the environment and on his own health during the Pacific swim. \" width=\"300\" height=\"365\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lecomte will gather data on the environment and on his own health during the Pacific swim. \u003ccite>(Bongani Mlambo/The Longest Swim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there's a second area of concern. \"It's been shown in a couple of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538475/\">studies\u003c/a> now that people who are lifelong endurance athletes have more coronary artery calcification than you would expect for their risk factors,\" Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calcification, meaning a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/\">buildup of calcium\u003c/a> in the heart, is not something you'd expect to find in people swimming long distances, running ultramarathons or tackling Ironman competitions. There could be a genetic explanation to both the calcium issue and the scarring, Thompson says. So he advises people to study up on their family history and see if there have been cases of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-cdc-launch-registry-sudden-death-young\">sudden death\u003c/a>, then weigh the benefits and risks of extreme exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think that long-term exercise is dangerous, because long-term endurance athletes live longer than other people,\" Thompson says. But Thompson does want to figure out what's going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to Ben Lecomte and the tricky task of monitoring his heart from the middle of the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using technology that\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2009/10jul_cardio/\"> NASA\u003c/a> uses for monitoring astronauts on the International Space Station, UT Southwestern's Levine will be able to monitor Lecomte's heart during his swim. It's a small echo machine, like an ultrasound for the heart, that will be on the support boat traveling with Lecomte. Once a month, while resting on the boat, Lecomte will turn the machine on and use a satellite phone to call the Johnson Space Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-106553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Benjamin Levine performs an echocardiogram on Ben Lecomte to record a baseline of his heart function at the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine in Dallas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/longest-swim-768x522.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Benjamin Levine performs an echocardiogram on Ben Lecomte to record a baseline of his heart function at the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine in Dallas. \u003ccite>(The Longest Swim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Someone there will tell Lecomte how to position the probe to give himself an echocardiogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his desk in Dallas, Levine will see images of how fast Lecomte's heart is contracting, how quickly the blood flows in and out of the valves, and any stress where the two sides of the heart meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His prediction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think when he comes back he'll have signs of a little inflammation or irritation right where the right and left ventricle connect,\" Levine says. \"That's what we see in some other of these elite long-endurance athletes, and I think that's what we'll see in Ben.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people this inflammation is really of no consequence, Levine says. But for some people — for example, those who have pulmonary hypertension or other kinds of heart disease — it could cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes studying Lecomte's heart will help reveal why extreme exercise changes the heart and determine whether there's a limit to how much exercise the human heart can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Lecomte is not worried. He thinks his heart can handle the enormous ocean, some 20-foot-high waves and the occasional shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 KERA Unlimited. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kera.org/\">KERA Unlimited\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Extreme+Exercise+Hurt+Your+Heart%3F+Swim+The+Pacific+To+Find+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "El Niño: It's One For the Books -- But Not Behaving As Expected",
"headTitle": "El Niño: It’s One For the Books — But Not Behaving As Expected | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The prospect of an El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean always generates a stew of excitement, dread, and speculation in California. This largely stems from the fact that two of California’s wettest winters on record — 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 — occurred during the strongest El Niño years in living memory. The popular perception that El Niño always brings a lot of water to the Golden State, though, is not particularly accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key message here: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">strong El Niño events are the ones to watch\u003c/a> out for from a California weather perspective, and it’s reasonable to expect that such events greatly increase the odds of wet conditions throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502362\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502362\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig1.gif\" alt=\"Subtropical ridging between Hawaii and California has been more prominent so far during 2015-2016 than during the 82/83 or 97/98 events.\" width=\"565\" height=\"437\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Subtropical “ridging” between Hawaii and California has been more prominent so far during 2015-2016 than during the 82/83 or 97/98 events. \u003ccite>(NCEP via ESRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is this El Niño different from other ‘Big Ones?’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on how you measure it, the present El Niño is either the strongest or among the strongest events in the observed record going back to at least 1950. Ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean — the most traditional measure of El Niño’s amplitude — have been at or above record-high values for at least several months now. So despite assertions to the contrary, the 2015-2016 El Niño is not “a bust” by any means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But absolute sea surface temperatures don’t always tell the whole story. While the present El Niño is indeed among the strongest ever recorded, the atmospheric response to the warm ocean temperatures this year has been a bit different than we have observed during other big historical events. Over the northeastern Pacific, El Niño acts to deepen the \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=13718\">semi-permanent Gulf of Alaska low-pressure\u003c/a> zone while simultaneously strengthening (and, literally, straightening) the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/27825-jet-stream.html\">jet stream\u003c/a> over the eastern Pacific Ocean. This enhanced and “more zonal” (i.e. more west-to-east) jet stream is what tends to bring increased winter precipitation to California (and, sometimes, as we’re seeing now, even the Pacific Northwest) during strong El Niño years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502363\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig2.gif\" alt=\"Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered further north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion) occurring closer to California on its northern flank.\" width=\"565\" height=\"437\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered farther north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion) occurring closer to California on its northern flank. \u003ccite>(NCEP via ESRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered further north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion; yellow/red colors) occurring closer to California on its northern flank\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These atmospheric effects are the product of a fairly complex chain of events that link the tropical to the mid-latitude atmosphere. Warmer-than-usual ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific increase thunderstorm activity there, which pumps vast quantities of heat into the upper atmosphere. This tropically warm air at upper levels eventually flows northward and drops back toward the surface of the Earth in the subtropics (at a latitude roughly equivalent to that of Hawaii). This enhanced “\u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/research/equable/hadley.html\">Hadley circulation\u003c/a>” during El Niño years increases the temperature differential between the warm tropics and cool Gulf of Alaska, which is what causes the jet stream to strengthen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skipping the Southland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2015 and early 2016, the atmosphere has responded to the ongoing powerful El Niño much in the way that meteorologists have come to expect. The Pacific warmed; tropical thunderstorms increased; the Hadley cell strengthened; the Pacific jet began to roar. But this year, the Hadley cell has actually strengthened a bit more than expected. The descending air on its northern side has occurred closer to California, which means that enhanced temperature differential is occurring farther to the north than during previous big El Niño events. Subtropical ridging between Hawaii and California has been more pronounced, and the El Niño-strengthened jet stream has set up shop primarily across Northern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/flooding-landslides-after-record-rainfall-pounds-pacific-northwest-n475966\">even the Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>, rather than Southern California. From a global climate perspective, this is a relatively minor detail; if you happen to live in Los Angeles, though, it makes all the difference in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net effect so far in 2015-2016: Northern California and the Pacific Northwest have gotten soaked, while Southern California has been left pretty dry (with a few notable exceptions). While a veritable “parade of storms” has indeed inundated the northern reaches of the state with very heavy precipitation, bringing the best \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/30/sierra-snowpack-survey-drought\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> in years, leading to huge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">inflows to large reservoirs\u003c/a> in critical watersheds, and even leading to some minor flooding at times, many of California’s most populous cities haven’t witnessed an especially remarkable winter to date. The San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento region have seen “Water Year” precipitation to date that is pretty close to the long-term average (which seems like a lot relative to the extremely dry years witnessed as of late). The densely populated greater Los Angeles region, on the other hand, is well below average for the season to date (though with significant precipitation this past weekend, its January total may well end up near or above average). From a long-term drought relief perspective, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/awipsProducts/RNOWRKCLI.php\">season to date\u003c/a> looks pretty good—precipitation is near or above average in most of California’s largest watersheds, and the water stored in the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">critical Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> is uniformly above average. So far, though, this isn’t quite the blockbuster year that many had hoped for (especially in the south).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502364\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 531px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502364\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig3.gif\" alt=\"While nearly all of California is expected to be above average in terms of season-to-date precipitation after this weekend’s Southern California storm, only the northern 2/3 of the state is above average for the full season to date.\" width=\"531\" height=\"688\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While nearly all of California is expected to be above average in terms of season-to-date precipitation after this weekend’s Southern California storm, only the northern 2/3 of the state is above average for the full season to date.? \u003ccite>(NOAA via WRCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is certainly still with us, and it’s still a top-tier event. For that reason, the smart money’s still on a wetter-than-average season for California on balance. This is especially true since the precipitation during strong El Niño years is often heavily “back-weighted,” with an unusually large fraction of seasonal totals occurring during the second half of the rainy season from February to April. What is less clear, at this point, is whether the northerly-shifted atmospheric response to this El Niño will persist — and whether Southern California will start to make up for lost time. It’s certainly possible, and it’s easy to forget that a surprisingly large fraction of precipitation in the Southland occurs during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">handful of intense storms\u003c/a> each year (even in strong El Niño years). From a statewide perspective, some substantial drought relief has already occurred this year, but there remain large regions in the southern part of the state that are still extremely dry. The refrain from earlier in the autumn is now more relevant than ever: while El Niño is likely to bring some degree of drought relief, California will likely still be facing long-term drought conditions by the coming summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big Picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, there has been considerable discussion lately regarding why the atmospheric response to El Niño this year has been different than historically observed (and also than foreseen by some of the flagship seasonal forecast models). It’s impossible to ignore the fact that global temperatures in late 2015 and early 2016 have reached their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/20/2015-was-the-warmest-year-on-record-globally-but-not-in-california/\">highest levels in recorded human history\u003c/a>. Part of this very recent warming is likely a product of our record El Niño event, but the rest is pretty clearly attributable to the long-term warming trend associated the with human emission of greenhouse gases. While global mean temperature doesn’t directly affect El Niño teleconnections, per se, the Earth hasn’t been warming in a spatially uniform way. This year in particular, the subtropics and the polar regions have been especially warm relative to other parts of the world. It is possible that this spatial pattern of warming may be playing a role in the particular atmospheric configuration that has resulted from the 2015-2016 El Niño event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to say more than that right now. The pace of climate change attribution science is much slower than that of the atmosphere itself, and it’s hard to make causal inferences from observations alone. Climate models are often the best tool available for climate scientists to test the counterfactual: what would this year have looked like without global warming? Such experiments take a considerable amount of time, so we’ll probably have to wait a while to find out. Stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather\u003c/a> blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "When it comes to El Niño, strength matters, but there's a lot more going on in the ocean and atmosphere.",
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"title": "El Niño: It's One For the Books -- But Not Behaving As Expected | KQED",
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"headline": "El Niño: It's One For the Books -- But Not Behaving As Expected",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/daniel-swain\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, Stanford University\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The prospect of an El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean always generates a stew of excitement, dread, and speculation in California. This largely stems from the fact that two of California’s wettest winters on record — 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 — occurred during the strongest El Niño years in living memory. The popular perception that El Niño always brings a lot of water to the Golden State, though, is not particularly accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key message here: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/01/drought-myth-busting-why-el-nino-wont-save-california/\">strong El Niño events are the ones to watch\u003c/a> out for from a California weather perspective, and it’s reasonable to expect that such events greatly increase the odds of wet conditions throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502362\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502362\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig1.gif\" alt=\"Subtropical ridging between Hawaii and California has been more prominent so far during 2015-2016 than during the 82/83 or 97/98 events.\" width=\"565\" height=\"437\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Subtropical “ridging” between Hawaii and California has been more prominent so far during 2015-2016 than during the 82/83 or 97/98 events. \u003ccite>(NCEP via ESRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is this El Niño different from other ‘Big Ones?’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on how you measure it, the present El Niño is either the strongest or among the strongest events in the observed record going back to at least 1950. Ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean — the most traditional measure of El Niño’s amplitude — have been at or above record-high values for at least several months now. So despite assertions to the contrary, the 2015-2016 El Niño is not “a bust” by any means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But absolute sea surface temperatures don’t always tell the whole story. While the present El Niño is indeed among the strongest ever recorded, the atmospheric response to the warm ocean temperatures this year has been a bit different than we have observed during other big historical events. Over the northeastern Pacific, El Niño acts to deepen the \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=13718\">semi-permanent Gulf of Alaska low-pressure\u003c/a> zone while simultaneously strengthening (and, literally, straightening) the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/27825-jet-stream.html\">jet stream\u003c/a> over the eastern Pacific Ocean. This enhanced and “more zonal” (i.e. more west-to-east) jet stream is what tends to bring increased winter precipitation to California (and, sometimes, as we’re seeing now, even the Pacific Northwest) during strong El Niño years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502363\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig2.gif\" alt=\"Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered further north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion) occurring closer to California on its northern flank.\" width=\"565\" height=\"437\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered farther north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion) occurring closer to California on its northern flank. \u003ccite>(NCEP via ESRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tropical convection associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño has been centered further north than in previous big events, with subsidence (downward motion; yellow/red colors) occurring closer to California on its northern flank\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These atmospheric effects are the product of a fairly complex chain of events that link the tropical to the mid-latitude atmosphere. Warmer-than-usual ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific increase thunderstorm activity there, which pumps vast quantities of heat into the upper atmosphere. This tropically warm air at upper levels eventually flows northward and drops back toward the surface of the Earth in the subtropics (at a latitude roughly equivalent to that of Hawaii). This enhanced “\u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/research/equable/hadley.html\">Hadley circulation\u003c/a>” during El Niño years increases the temperature differential between the warm tropics and cool Gulf of Alaska, which is what causes the jet stream to strengthen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skipping the Southland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2015 and early 2016, the atmosphere has responded to the ongoing powerful El Niño much in the way that meteorologists have come to expect. The Pacific warmed; tropical thunderstorms increased; the Hadley cell strengthened; the Pacific jet began to roar. But this year, the Hadley cell has actually strengthened a bit more than expected. The descending air on its northern side has occurred closer to California, which means that enhanced temperature differential is occurring farther to the north than during previous big El Niño events. Subtropical ridging between Hawaii and California has been more pronounced, and the El Niño-strengthened jet stream has set up shop primarily across Northern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/flooding-landslides-after-record-rainfall-pounds-pacific-northwest-n475966\">even the Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>, rather than Southern California. From a global climate perspective, this is a relatively minor detail; if you happen to live in Los Angeles, though, it makes all the difference in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net effect so far in 2015-2016: Northern California and the Pacific Northwest have gotten soaked, while Southern California has been left pretty dry (with a few notable exceptions). While a veritable “parade of storms” has indeed inundated the northern reaches of the state with very heavy precipitation, bringing the best \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/30/sierra-snowpack-survey-drought\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> in years, leading to huge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">inflows to large reservoirs\u003c/a> in critical watersheds, and even leading to some minor flooding at times, many of California’s most populous cities haven’t witnessed an especially remarkable winter to date. The San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento region have seen “Water Year” precipitation to date that is pretty close to the long-term average (which seems like a lot relative to the extremely dry years witnessed as of late). The densely populated greater Los Angeles region, on the other hand, is well below average for the season to date (though with significant precipitation this past weekend, its January total may well end up near or above average). From a long-term drought relief perspective, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/awipsProducts/RNOWRKCLI.php\">season to date\u003c/a> looks pretty good—precipitation is near or above average in most of California’s largest watersheds, and the water stored in the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">critical Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> is uniformly above average. So far, though, this isn’t quite the blockbuster year that many had hoped for (especially in the south).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_502364\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 531px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502364\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/fig3.gif\" alt=\"While nearly all of California is expected to be above average in terms of season-to-date precipitation after this weekend’s Southern California storm, only the northern 2/3 of the state is above average for the full season to date.\" width=\"531\" height=\"688\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While nearly all of California is expected to be above average in terms of season-to-date precipitation after this weekend’s Southern California storm, only the northern 2/3 of the state is above average for the full season to date.? \u003ccite>(NOAA via WRCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is certainly still with us, and it’s still a top-tier event. For that reason, the smart money’s still on a wetter-than-average season for California on balance. This is especially true since the precipitation during strong El Niño years is often heavily “back-weighted,” with an unusually large fraction of seasonal totals occurring during the second half of the rainy season from February to April. What is less clear, at this point, is whether the northerly-shifted atmospheric response to this El Niño will persist — and whether Southern California will start to make up for lost time. It’s certainly possible, and it’s easy to forget that a surprisingly large fraction of precipitation in the Southland occurs during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">handful of intense storms\u003c/a> each year (even in strong El Niño years). From a statewide perspective, some substantial drought relief has already occurred this year, but there remain large regions in the southern part of the state that are still extremely dry. The refrain from earlier in the autumn is now more relevant than ever: while El Niño is likely to bring some degree of drought relief, California will likely still be facing long-term drought conditions by the coming summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big Picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, there has been considerable discussion lately regarding why the atmospheric response to El Niño this year has been different than historically observed (and also than foreseen by some of the flagship seasonal forecast models). It’s impossible to ignore the fact that global temperatures in late 2015 and early 2016 have reached their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/20/2015-was-the-warmest-year-on-record-globally-but-not-in-california/\">highest levels in recorded human history\u003c/a>. Part of this very recent warming is likely a product of our record El Niño event, but the rest is pretty clearly attributable to the long-term warming trend associated the with human emission of greenhouse gases. While global mean temperature doesn’t directly affect El Niño teleconnections, per se, the Earth hasn’t been warming in a spatially uniform way. This year in particular, the subtropics and the polar regions have been especially warm relative to other parts of the world. It is possible that this spatial pattern of warming may be playing a role in the particular atmospheric configuration that has resulted from the 2015-2016 El Niño event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to say more than that right now. The pace of climate change attribution science is much slower than that of the atmosphere itself, and it’s hard to make causal inferences from observations alone. Climate models are often the best tool available for climate scientists to test the counterfactual: what would this year have looked like without global warming? Such experiments take a considerable amount of time, so we’ll probably have to wait a while to find out. Stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather\u003c/a> blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Cleanup Complete, What's Next for Richmond's Point Molate?",
"title": "With Cleanup Complete, What's Next for Richmond's Point Molate?",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>f you take the last exit off westbound Interstate 580 before you hit the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, you’ll find yourself on a narrow, potholed road heading north along the shoreline. About a mile down, as you round a corner, an unusual little town will come into view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A massive red brick building capped with castlelike turrets sits on your left and a village of small, tidy homes, complete with a playground, hugs the hill to the right. All abandoned. High fences topped with barbed wire circle the property and signs saying \"Keep Out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/270/Point-Molate\">Point Molate\u003c/a>, once known as Winehaven. A federally recognized historic district, the red brick buildings here once housed the largest \u003ca href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2009/10/13/before-napa-there-was-winehaven/\">wine distribution center\u003c/a> in the United States, and some say the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849082\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10849082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"This historic Winehaven building once housed the largest wine distribution center in the United States.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This historic Winehaven building once housed the largest wine distribution center in the United States. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In California, when the San Francisco earthquake came in 1906, the California wine industry was much different than it is today,” Richmond Mayor Tom Butt said. “There were still wineries scattered all over the state, but about 80 percent of them were owned and controlled by an organization called the California Wine Growers Association. And this was not just a friendly bunch of people promoting wine -- this was basically a \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Tangled-Vines-Obsession-Vineyards-California/dp/1250033225\">monopoly\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the earthquake destroyed storage and distribution centers in San Francisco, the growers built Winehaven in Richmond. But then came Prohibition, and ultimately the wine growers went out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy used the site as a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Molate_Naval_Fuel_Depot\">fueling depot\u003c/a> from 1942 until the base closed 20 years ago. In 2003, the Navy handed the land over to the city of Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">N\u003c/span>ow, this prime real estate, right on the bay with views of Mount Tamalpais, has cleared a major hurdle to new development. Last week marked the completion of a massive remediation job -- cleaning up toxic fuel waste left by the Navy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, the majority of the site was underground ponds,” said Craig Murray, development project manager for the city of Richmond, gesturing toward what’s now an open green field. “So you’d look out and see these facilities that the Navy would dispose of not only waste-related products into the soil, and some were later lined, but also the materials coming from the homes were put there. So it was just this one large catchall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleaning up the 11.2-acre site cost the Navy about $11 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A total of 207,000 tons of hazardous and regulated waste were excavated and removed,” City Manager Bill Lindsay said. “That is a lot of dirt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849083\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10849083\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10849083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Green grass is starting to grow in what was once a fuel dump site at Point Molate.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Green grass is starting to grow in what was once a fuel dump site at Point Molate. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the site is now clean enough for residential use, just how to develop it remains up for debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concept for the development hasn’t really been worked out yet -- it’s still being discussed,” Lindsay said. “I think there’s some great ideas out in terms of what it can become.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Richmond voters and the City Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/richmond/ci_17782324\" target=\"_blank\">rejected\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/1863/Point-Molate-Resort-and-Casino\">plan\u003c/a> to turn Winehaven and much of Point Molate into a casino development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Gosney, former community co-chair of the Point Molate Restoration Advisory Board, said the property needs to bring in revenue for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It costs well over a million dollars a year just for bare-bones maintenance, fire control and security,” he said. “The city cannot afford to keep paying for that. So, if you go along with what so many in this community want, which is just parkland and open space, these are cost items -- they bring in no revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>lthough it \u003cem>looks\u003c/em> like a builder's dream, the site also has issues that make it less attractive for development than high-profile former military sites elsewhere, according to Charlie Duncan, chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/2442/Point-Molate-Community-Advisory-Committe\" target=\"_blank\">Point Molate Community Advisory Committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with Point Molate, and what makes it different from the Presidio and Fort Baker, is that there’s no water here -- there’s very little electricity,” he said. “There’s not enough incoming utilities to serve the kind of uses that we’d hope to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10849079 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Winehaven's neighbor to the north is the Richmond Rod and Gun Club, where law enforcement personnel, often do target practice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winehaven's neighbor to the north is the Richmond Rod and Gun Club, where law enforcement personnel often do target practice. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bringing in these utilities will take a lot of money. According to one report last year, it would cost about $15 million to bring in sewer service and another $15 million for gas and electric utilities. Potable water and telecommunications will cost even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site also has a minor image problem. It's easy to forget, but Chevron's massive Richmond refinery is just over the hill from Point Molate. The facility's impact on local communities is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Fire-at-Chevron-refinery-in-Richmond-3767221.php\">a 2012 fire and smoke plume\u003c/a> that sent 15,000 people to seek medical attention. Safety concerns may still trouble potential residents or investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the site's historic designation also limits what type of development is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Lindsay says the top priority is getting people back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we really want to do, figuratively anyway, is swing open the gates and have people take advantage of the beauty here along San Francisco Bay,\" said the city manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, the city development project manager, said a design firm is already working with the East Bay Regional Park District to extend the Bay Trail into Point Molate. He said that building the trail could begin within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Historic stretch of scenic shoreline has been coveted by both developers and open-space advocates. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>f you take the last exit off westbound Interstate 580 before you hit the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, you’ll find yourself on a narrow, potholed road heading north along the shoreline. About a mile down, as you round a corner, an unusual little town will come into view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A massive red brick building capped with castlelike turrets sits on your left and a village of small, tidy homes, complete with a playground, hugs the hill to the right. All abandoned. High fences topped with barbed wire circle the property and signs saying \"Keep Out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/270/Point-Molate\">Point Molate\u003c/a>, once known as Winehaven. A federally recognized historic district, the red brick buildings here once housed the largest \u003ca href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2009/10/13/before-napa-there-was-winehaven/\">wine distribution center\u003c/a> in the United States, and some say the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849082\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10849082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"This historic Winehaven building once housed the largest wine distribution center in the United States.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18278_IMG_4434.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This historic Winehaven building once housed the largest wine distribution center in the United States. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In California, when the San Francisco earthquake came in 1906, the California wine industry was much different than it is today,” Richmond Mayor Tom Butt said. “There were still wineries scattered all over the state, but about 80 percent of them were owned and controlled by an organization called the California Wine Growers Association. And this was not just a friendly bunch of people promoting wine -- this was basically a \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Tangled-Vines-Obsession-Vineyards-California/dp/1250033225\">monopoly\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the earthquake destroyed storage and distribution centers in San Francisco, the growers built Winehaven in Richmond. But then came Prohibition, and ultimately the wine growers went out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy used the site as a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Molate_Naval_Fuel_Depot\">fueling depot\u003c/a> from 1942 until the base closed 20 years ago. In 2003, the Navy handed the land over to the city of Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">N\u003c/span>ow, this prime real estate, right on the bay with views of Mount Tamalpais, has cleared a major hurdle to new development. Last week marked the completion of a massive remediation job -- cleaning up toxic fuel waste left by the Navy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, the majority of the site was underground ponds,” said Craig Murray, development project manager for the city of Richmond, gesturing toward what’s now an open green field. “So you’d look out and see these facilities that the Navy would dispose of not only waste-related products into the soil, and some were later lined, but also the materials coming from the homes were put there. So it was just this one large catchall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleaning up the 11.2-acre site cost the Navy about $11 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A total of 207,000 tons of hazardous and regulated waste were excavated and removed,” City Manager Bill Lindsay said. “That is a lot of dirt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849083\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10849083\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10849083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Green grass is starting to grow in what was once a fuel dump site at Point Molate.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18280_IMG_4447.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Green grass is starting to grow in what was once a fuel dump site at Point Molate. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the site is now clean enough for residential use, just how to develop it remains up for debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concept for the development hasn’t really been worked out yet -- it’s still being discussed,” Lindsay said. “I think there’s some great ideas out in terms of what it can become.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Richmond voters and the City Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/richmond/ci_17782324\" target=\"_blank\">rejected\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/1863/Point-Molate-Resort-and-Casino\">plan\u003c/a> to turn Winehaven and much of Point Molate into a casino development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Gosney, former community co-chair of the Point Molate Restoration Advisory Board, said the property needs to bring in revenue for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It costs well over a million dollars a year just for bare-bones maintenance, fire control and security,” he said. “The city cannot afford to keep paying for that. So, if you go along with what so many in this community want, which is just parkland and open space, these are cost items -- they bring in no revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>lthough it \u003cem>looks\u003c/em> like a builder's dream, the site also has issues that make it less attractive for development than high-profile former military sites elsewhere, according to Charlie Duncan, chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/2442/Point-Molate-Community-Advisory-Committe\" target=\"_blank\">Point Molate Community Advisory Committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with Point Molate, and what makes it different from the Presidio and Fort Baker, is that there’s no water here -- there’s very little electricity,” he said. “There’s not enough incoming utilities to serve the kind of uses that we’d hope to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10849079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10849079 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Winehaven's neighbor to the north is the Richmond Rod and Gun Club, where law enforcement personnel, often do target practice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/RS18273_IMG_4423.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winehaven's neighbor to the north is the Richmond Rod and Gun Club, where law enforcement personnel often do target practice. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bringing in these utilities will take a lot of money. According to one report last year, it would cost about $15 million to bring in sewer service and another $15 million for gas and electric utilities. Potable water and telecommunications will cost even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site also has a minor image problem. It's easy to forget, but Chevron's massive Richmond refinery is just over the hill from Point Molate. The facility's impact on local communities is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Fire-at-Chevron-refinery-in-Richmond-3767221.php\">a 2012 fire and smoke plume\u003c/a> that sent 15,000 people to seek medical attention. Safety concerns may still trouble potential residents or investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the site's historic designation also limits what type of development is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Lindsay says the top priority is getting people back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we really want to do, figuratively anyway, is swing open the gates and have people take advantage of the beauty here along San Francisco Bay,\" said the city manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, the city development project manager, said a design firm is already working with the East Bay Regional Park District to extend the Bay Trail into Point Molate. He said that building the trail could begin within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hope for Supporting Polar Science Brightens at the Bottom of the World",
"headTitle": "Hope for Supporting Polar Science Brightens at the Bottom of the World | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The seventh and concluding post in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone must inevitably deal, at some point, with “the break-up.” It wears different disguises in different places — the surprise invitation, the unexpected pregnancy, the phone call late in the night — but you know it simply as that which changes your direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In McMurdo Sound the break-up is what happens to the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/fast-ice\">fast ice\u003c/a> that stretches from \u003ca href=\"http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/07/mount-erebus/judson-text\">volcanic Mt. Erebus\u003c/a> on the east all the way west to the edge of the continent. Just about every year the ice around McMurdo breaks up late in the season. Wind force, melting caused by seawater and the actions of a certain plucky icebreaker destabilize the whole giant ice sheet where once we ran around with penguins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498653\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498653 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2.jpg\" alt=\"The fast ice breaks away from land all the way to Mt. Erebus and begins floating north.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fast ice breaks away from land all the way to Mt. Erebus and begins floating north. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thursday afternoon the captain mentioned that a crack had formed across the whole channel. By midnight a 147-square-mile section of the fast ice had broken off and begun floating away north. In a few hours, weeks of work spent grooming the channel all just blew away. Once, there was a path through ice. Now there’s open water. Imagine building a bridge every year, and every year it gets washed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spent three days at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, which is a little like a mining town, or a moon colony. It feels very far from the rest of the world. The people are an interesting bunch, scientists and contractors, exactly the kind of people who wish to live very far from the rest of the world. There is pizza 24/7. Just down the road is New Zealand’s \u003ca href=\"http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/scott-base\">Scott Base\u003c/a>, which is smaller and uniformly painted a delightful shade of pea green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498647\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-498647\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2.jpg\" alt=\"Lt. Junior Grade Jack Hall and Lt. Junior Grade Cyrus Unvala check the distance between the Ocean Giant and Polar Star.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lts. Junior Grade Jack Hall and Cyrus Unvala check the distance between the Ocean Giant and Polar Star. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’re now in the midst of McMurdo’s annual resupply. The freighter \u003ca href=\"http://www.vesseltracker.com/en/Ships/Ocean-Giant-9437335.html\">Ocean Giant\u003c/a> is docked, offloading a year’s worth of supplies and collecting a year’s worth of trash and freeze-dried poop, or so I hear. We’ll escort the Giant out, meet up with the fuel ship, bring it in. Once it’s offloaded its fuel, McMurdo will be supplied for the next year. Through McMurdo, the rest of the continent will be, too, because, as Capt. Matt Walker points out, “McMurdo is the major port in Antarctica, so all of Antarctica feeds off of McMurdo for its supplies and logistics.” It’s no exaggeration to say that the survival of the continent, meaning other U.S. bases but also many of the bases belonging to other nations, relies on McMurdo. It’s run by the National Science Foundation, which means, in a way, that NSF runs the continent. And NSF relies on Polar Star carving its thin lifeline in the ice, which nature, presently, will erase.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We might save the world through some scientific discovery that they find in Antarctica.’\u003ccite>Capt. Matt Walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Soon we’ll get the hell out of here and the people at McMurdo will get the hell out of here, too, piling into ski-equipped C-130 turboprops and flying to Christchurch and points north. Then winter arrives to turn endless day into endless night, to blot out the sky with 200 mile-per-hour winds, and to replace the sheet of ice in McMurdo Sound as though none of us were ever here. Whatever memory this place has is carried deeper than the few meters of frozen water the ship plows through every year. We will be remembered by no one save a few photobombed penguins and the odd startled seal. Leave no trace, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498643\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498643 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft.jpg\" alt=\"Executive Officer Cmdr. Mary Ellen Durley and Capt. Matt Walker look back at the turning basin as Walker breaks Polar Star into the pier at McMurdo Station.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Executive Officer Cmdr. Mary Ellen Durley and Capt. Matt Walker look back at the turning basin as Walker breaks Polar Star into the pier at McMurdo Station. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the world, with a nudge from President Obama, the Coast Guard this month put out the call for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-coastguard-icebreaker-idUSKCN0UR25R20160114\">two new icebreakers\u003c/a>, saying it plans to award a contract in late 2018 or ’19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the forces in play are going in the right direction,” says Walker, “and now that the public is aware of [the icebreaker mission] more so than it ever has been before, we might get some of the funding required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of this mission, a good chunk of the Engineering department, which holds a lot of the institutional memory of the ship, will move on or retire. On next year’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/06/dispatches-from-a-polar-icebreaker-and-whats-at-stake-for-science/\">Deep Freeze\u003c/a>, many new folks will receive surprise invitations from Polar Star herself, possibly in the middle of the night, to come on down and repair something that’s gone totally sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498646\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 853px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498646 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker.jpg\" alt=\"Capt. Matt Walker explains the route around Antarctica.\" width=\"853\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker.jpg 853w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-768x1152.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capt. Matt Walker explains the route around Antarctica. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walker is leaving, too, not just Polar Star, but the organization. This is his last sail for the Coast Guard. He’s retiring in 2017 after a year in Saudi Arabia. That’ll be 30 years in the Coast Guard, 21 of which he has spent at sea, which is a tremendous amount of time to be underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a gray flannel cubicle kind of guy,” he says. “I’m an adventurous kind of guy, I like to get out and see the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s happy that his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/06/life-aboard-a-polar-roller-americas-last-heavy-icebreaker/\">last mission underway was Polar Star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ve achieved a lot of significant milestones in the last few years after we brought the Polar Star back to life,” he says. “Even though she is old and she breaks down a lot. We’ve proven to the world that we’re \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">the only vessel\u003c/a> really that can dependably break out McMurdo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I’ve figured out that means is that the icebreaker supports scientific experiments, but also the American experiment. The mission, says Walker, “is essential to mankind and distinguishes us from the animals in that search for science and knowledge. And why would we forfeit that?” On a strategic level, “it’s critical for us to be able to navigate all the waters of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down here, science and politics and national priorities converge along with all the other lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498654\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-498654\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill.jpg\" alt=\"View of McMurdo Station from Observation Hill, where a cross has been erected to the Robert Falcon Scott expedition, whose members died on their return from the South Pole. Polar Star is docked. Note the turning basin at left and the channel, dimly visible, which runs out to open water in the distance.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of McMurdo Station from Observation Hill, where a cross commemorates the Robert Falcon Scott expedition, whose members died on their return from the South Pole. Polar Star is docked in the distance. Note the turning basin at left and the channel, dimly visible, which runs out to open water in the distance. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everything about this place tells the average shivering, possibly dying human that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/world/europe/henry-worsley-british-explorer.html?_r=0\">we’re the unnatural element\u003c/a>. This has worked out remarkably well for the continent. “One of the most dramatic things about Antarctica is that there is no smog,” says Walker. “You see a mountain range that is 50 to 100 miles away, It’s crystal clear, not like anywhere where humans occupy. There’s pure air down here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That it’s unspoiled makes it desirable for scientists who want to get an unobstructed view of the history of the Earth by looking down and the universe by looking up. It also, of course, makes it desirable for many nations, who see \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/29/world/countries-rush-for-upper-hand-antarctica.html?_r=0\">opportunity in the possible wealth\u003c/a> of resources beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in the laboratory of Antarctica, what’s revealed about \u003ca href=\"http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international cooperation\u003c/a> may be as important as any other discovery. None of this will be readily apparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the young kids, when we sail, they’re down there sweeping the decks, cleaning dishes in the scullery — they don’t get to see the big picture,” Walker says. “It’s very similar to the deck hands on Magellan’s crew or Columbus’ crew: They were just steaming along doing their daily job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498642\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498642 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent.jpg\" alt=\"In just a few hours, the fast ice covering McMurdo Sound begins breaking up, taking the channel with it.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In just a few hours, the fast ice covering McMurdo Sound begins breaking up, taking the channel with it. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But breaking out McMurdo — we might save the world through some scientific discovery that they find in Antarctica,” ventures Walker. “We might not know it today or tomorrow, but maybe, in 10 years, 20 years from now, we might be able to say, ‘Hey, I participated in that, I contributed to that, by washing dishes on the Polar Star.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe someday they will realize how they’re participating in this experiment for the future of Earth, or whatever’s beyond Earth. Maybe they’ll turn on the holographic TV we’ve all had genetically wired into our brains, and watch the first Earthlings plant a future flag on a distant planet, and they’ll connect themselves to that moment, from alien soils back through cold space, from space down through the aurora at the bottom of the world, and across a peaceful continent, and through the ice, to where they were once underway, making a way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s a whole other story, but that’s for later. For now, there’s a continent to save for one more year and, a world away, the world we want to hurry up and return to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American. On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With a push from the president, prospects may be improving for updating the worn-out tools that support Antarctic research.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The seventh and concluding post in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone must inevitably deal, at some point, with “the break-up.” It wears different disguises in different places — the surprise invitation, the unexpected pregnancy, the phone call late in the night — but you know it simply as that which changes your direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In McMurdo Sound the break-up is what happens to the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/fast-ice\">fast ice\u003c/a> that stretches from \u003ca href=\"http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/07/mount-erebus/judson-text\">volcanic Mt. Erebus\u003c/a> on the east all the way west to the edge of the continent. Just about every year the ice around McMurdo breaks up late in the season. Wind force, melting caused by seawater and the actions of a certain plucky icebreaker destabilize the whole giant ice sheet where once we ran around with penguins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498653\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498653 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2.jpg\" alt=\"The fast ice breaks away from land all the way to Mt. Erebus and begins floating north.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/volcano2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fast ice breaks away from land all the way to Mt. Erebus and begins floating north. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thursday afternoon the captain mentioned that a crack had formed across the whole channel. By midnight a 147-square-mile section of the fast ice had broken off and begun floating away north. In a few hours, weeks of work spent grooming the channel all just blew away. Once, there was a path through ice. Now there’s open water. Imagine building a bridge every year, and every year it gets washed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spent three days at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, which is a little like a mining town, or a moon colony. It feels very far from the rest of the world. The people are an interesting bunch, scientists and contractors, exactly the kind of people who wish to live very far from the rest of the world. There is pizza 24/7. Just down the road is New Zealand’s \u003ca href=\"http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/scott-base\">Scott Base\u003c/a>, which is smaller and uniformly painted a delightful shade of pea green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498647\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-498647\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2.jpg\" alt=\"Lt. Junior Grade Jack Hall and Lt. Junior Grade Cyrus Unvala check the distance between the Ocean Giant and Polar Star.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/lookouts2-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lts. Junior Grade Jack Hall and Cyrus Unvala check the distance between the Ocean Giant and Polar Star. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’re now in the midst of McMurdo’s annual resupply. The freighter \u003ca href=\"http://www.vesseltracker.com/en/Ships/Ocean-Giant-9437335.html\">Ocean Giant\u003c/a> is docked, offloading a year’s worth of supplies and collecting a year’s worth of trash and freeze-dried poop, or so I hear. We’ll escort the Giant out, meet up with the fuel ship, bring it in. Once it’s offloaded its fuel, McMurdo will be supplied for the next year. Through McMurdo, the rest of the continent will be, too, because, as Capt. Matt Walker points out, “McMurdo is the major port in Antarctica, so all of Antarctica feeds off of McMurdo for its supplies and logistics.” It’s no exaggeration to say that the survival of the continent, meaning other U.S. bases but also many of the bases belonging to other nations, relies on McMurdo. It’s run by the National Science Foundation, which means, in a way, that NSF runs the continent. And NSF relies on Polar Star carving its thin lifeline in the ice, which nature, presently, will erase.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We might save the world through some scientific discovery that they find in Antarctica.’\u003ccite>Capt. Matt Walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Soon we’ll get the hell out of here and the people at McMurdo will get the hell out of here, too, piling into ski-equipped C-130 turboprops and flying to Christchurch and points north. Then winter arrives to turn endless day into endless night, to blot out the sky with 200 mile-per-hour winds, and to replace the sheet of ice in McMurdo Sound as though none of us were ever here. Whatever memory this place has is carried deeper than the few meters of frozen water the ship plows through every year. We will be remembered by no one save a few photobombed penguins and the odd startled seal. Leave no trace, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498643\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498643 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft.jpg\" alt=\"Executive Officer Cmdr. Mary Ellen Durley and Capt. Matt Walker look back at the turning basin as Walker breaks Polar Star into the pier at McMurdo Station.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/aloft-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Executive Officer Cmdr. Mary Ellen Durley and Capt. Matt Walker look back at the turning basin as Walker breaks Polar Star into the pier at McMurdo Station. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the world, with a nudge from President Obama, the Coast Guard this month put out the call for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-coastguard-icebreaker-idUSKCN0UR25R20160114\">two new icebreakers\u003c/a>, saying it plans to award a contract in late 2018 or ’19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the forces in play are going in the right direction,” says Walker, “and now that the public is aware of [the icebreaker mission] more so than it ever has been before, we might get some of the funding required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of this mission, a good chunk of the Engineering department, which holds a lot of the institutional memory of the ship, will move on or retire. On next year’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/06/dispatches-from-a-polar-icebreaker-and-whats-at-stake-for-science/\">Deep Freeze\u003c/a>, many new folks will receive surprise invitations from Polar Star herself, possibly in the middle of the night, to come on down and repair something that’s gone totally sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498646\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 853px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498646 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker.jpg\" alt=\"Capt. Matt Walker explains the route around Antarctica.\" width=\"853\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker.jpg 853w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/walker-768x1152.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capt. Matt Walker explains the route around Antarctica. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walker is leaving, too, not just Polar Star, but the organization. This is his last sail for the Coast Guard. He’s retiring in 2017 after a year in Saudi Arabia. That’ll be 30 years in the Coast Guard, 21 of which he has spent at sea, which is a tremendous amount of time to be underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a gray flannel cubicle kind of guy,” he says. “I’m an adventurous kind of guy, I like to get out and see the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s happy that his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/06/life-aboard-a-polar-roller-americas-last-heavy-icebreaker/\">last mission underway was Polar Star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ve achieved a lot of significant milestones in the last few years after we brought the Polar Star back to life,” he says. “Even though she is old and she breaks down a lot. We’ve proven to the world that we’re \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">the only vessel\u003c/a> really that can dependably break out McMurdo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I’ve figured out that means is that the icebreaker supports scientific experiments, but also the American experiment. The mission, says Walker, “is essential to mankind and distinguishes us from the animals in that search for science and knowledge. And why would we forfeit that?” On a strategic level, “it’s critical for us to be able to navigate all the waters of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down here, science and politics and national priorities converge along with all the other lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498654\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-498654\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill.jpg\" alt=\"View of McMurdo Station from Observation Hill, where a cross has been erected to the Robert Falcon Scott expedition, whose members died on their return from the South Pole. Polar Star is docked. Note the turning basin at left and the channel, dimly visible, which runs out to open water in the distance.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/obhill-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of McMurdo Station from Observation Hill, where a cross commemorates the Robert Falcon Scott expedition, whose members died on their return from the South Pole. Polar Star is docked in the distance. Note the turning basin at left and the channel, dimly visible, which runs out to open water in the distance. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everything about this place tells the average shivering, possibly dying human that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/world/europe/henry-worsley-british-explorer.html?_r=0\">we’re the unnatural element\u003c/a>. This has worked out remarkably well for the continent. “One of the most dramatic things about Antarctica is that there is no smog,” says Walker. “You see a mountain range that is 50 to 100 miles away, It’s crystal clear, not like anywhere where humans occupy. There’s pure air down here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That it’s unspoiled makes it desirable for scientists who want to get an unobstructed view of the history of the Earth by looking down and the universe by looking up. It also, of course, makes it desirable for many nations, who see \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/29/world/countries-rush-for-upper-hand-antarctica.html?_r=0\">opportunity in the possible wealth\u003c/a> of resources beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in the laboratory of Antarctica, what’s revealed about \u003ca href=\"http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international cooperation\u003c/a> may be as important as any other discovery. None of this will be readily apparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the young kids, when we sail, they’re down there sweeping the decks, cleaning dishes in the scullery — they don’t get to see the big picture,” Walker says. “It’s very similar to the deck hands on Magellan’s crew or Columbus’ crew: They were just steaming along doing their daily job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_498642\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498642 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent.jpg\" alt=\"In just a few hours, the fast ice covering McMurdo Sound begins breaking up, taking the channel with it.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/continent-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In just a few hours, the fast ice covering McMurdo Sound begins breaking up, taking the channel with it. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But breaking out McMurdo — we might save the world through some scientific discovery that they find in Antarctica,” ventures Walker. “We might not know it today or tomorrow, but maybe, in 10 years, 20 years from now, we might be able to say, ‘Hey, I participated in that, I contributed to that, by washing dishes on the Polar Star.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe someday they will realize how they’re participating in this experiment for the future of Earth, or whatever’s beyond Earth. Maybe they’ll turn on the holographic TV we’ve all had genetically wired into our brains, and watch the first Earthlings plant a future flag on a distant planet, and they’ll connect themselves to that moment, from alien soils back through cold space, from space down through the aurora at the bottom of the world, and across a peaceful continent, and through the ice, to where they were once underway, making a way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s a whole other story, but that’s for later. For now, there’s a continent to save for one more year and, a world away, the world we want to hurry up and return to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American. On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pressure Continues to Build on SoCalGas Over Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "Pressure Continues to Build on SoCalGas Over Porter Ranch Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>With natural gas billowing and public pressure mounting around a broken well at Aliso Canyon, public officials this week pushed for federal and state investigations and more oversight of the troubled gas field and others like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">South Coast Air Quality Management District filed a civil complaint\u003c/a> alleging that Southern California Gas Co. was negligent in the operation, design, inspection and construction of the Los Angeles County facility. Through the lawsuit, the AQMD is seeking up to $250,000 in penalties for each day a violation occurred. That lawsuit came three days after an independent hearing board convened by the air district \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/25/california-regulators-order-socalgas-to-permanently-close-leaking-well\" target=\"_blank\">ordered the company to stop the leak\u003c/a>, and placed new restrictions and reporting requirements on its activities in Aliso Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244499822\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then on Thursday, the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUC_Public_Website/Content/News_Room/News_and_Updates/SS25.DOC.20160126.DR01.1-scg.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">demanded the entire historic record\u003c/a> for Standard Sesnon 25, the broken well. Regulators have given the company until Monday to turn a wide range of data and information over to the CPUC and to the Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources, the branch of the Department of Conservation primarily responsible for gas field oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Fran Pavley, who represents the area, is seeking a ban on injecting new gas into the Aliso Canyon field. The Senate \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-01-28-senate-unanimously-approves-urgency-legislation-impose-moratorium-new-gas-injections\" target=\"_blank\">rushed the bill through\u003c/a> two committees and a full floor vote on Thursday. The gas company says it has no plans to put more gas into storage there, but Pavley has said that she believes the move is necessary to assuage the concerns of people living in Porter Ranch nearby. Sacramento lawmakers will soon consider \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd27.senate.ca.gov/files/Aliso%20Canyon%20Legislative%20Package%20Summary%201-28-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">two other bills\u003c/a> proposing restrictions, still moving through the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3v6EnV6TXkeMYnjrWXx568b2qSnpL8Yr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resident Gabriel Khanlian says he’s glad that politicians and regulators are seeking more oversight, but he still wants Aliso Canyon shut down. Khanlian says he’s scared. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For my kids, especially,” he says. “Because there have not been any long-term studies for mercaptan, and all of the other chemicals spewing out of the well right now.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USC researchers announced this week that \u003ca href=\"https://news.usc.edu/91098/usc-researchers-to-study-long-term-health-effects-of-porter-ranch-gas-leak/\" target=\"_blank\">they’d be looking into exactly that\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond all of these overlapping state efforts, California’s U.S. senators, Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, are calling for a federal investigation into the cause and problems around the facility. California’s senators want the Department of Energy to take six months to look into this gas field and others like it near urban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility not only to address this leak, but also to ensure nothing like this ever happens again,” Feinstein \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=AE226B2D-3687-41F4-BC8A-9746453E19C6\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Public officials this week pushed for federal and state investigations and more oversight of the troubled gas field and others like it.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://mollypeterson.org/\">Molly Peterson\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With natural gas billowing and public pressure mounting around a broken well at Aliso Canyon, public officials this week pushed for federal and state investigations and more oversight of the troubled gas field and others like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">South Coast Air Quality Management District filed a civil complaint\u003c/a> alleging that Southern California Gas Co. was negligent in the operation, design, inspection and construction of the Los Angeles County facility. Through the lawsuit, the AQMD is seeking up to $250,000 in penalties for each day a violation occurred. That lawsuit came three days after an independent hearing board convened by the air district \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/25/california-regulators-order-socalgas-to-permanently-close-leaking-well\" target=\"_blank\">ordered the company to stop the leak\u003c/a>, and placed new restrictions and reporting requirements on its activities in Aliso Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244499822&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244499822'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then on Thursday, the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUC_Public_Website/Content/News_Room/News_and_Updates/SS25.DOC.20160126.DR01.1-scg.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">demanded the entire historic record\u003c/a> for Standard Sesnon 25, the broken well. Regulators have given the company until Monday to turn a wide range of data and information over to the CPUC and to the Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources, the branch of the Department of Conservation primarily responsible for gas field oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Fran Pavley, who represents the area, is seeking a ban on injecting new gas into the Aliso Canyon field. The Senate \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-01-28-senate-unanimously-approves-urgency-legislation-impose-moratorium-new-gas-injections\" target=\"_blank\">rushed the bill through\u003c/a> two committees and a full floor vote on Thursday. The gas company says it has no plans to put more gas into storage there, but Pavley has said that she believes the move is necessary to assuage the concerns of people living in Porter Ranch nearby. Sacramento lawmakers will soon consider \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd27.senate.ca.gov/files/Aliso%20Canyon%20Legislative%20Package%20Summary%201-28-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">two other bills\u003c/a> proposing restrictions, still moving through the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resident Gabriel Khanlian says he’s glad that politicians and regulators are seeking more oversight, but he still wants Aliso Canyon shut down. Khanlian says he’s scared. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For my kids, especially,” he says. “Because there have not been any long-term studies for mercaptan, and all of the other chemicals spewing out of the well right now.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USC researchers announced this week that \u003ca href=\"https://news.usc.edu/91098/usc-researchers-to-study-long-term-health-effects-of-porter-ranch-gas-leak/\" target=\"_blank\">they’d be looking into exactly that\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond all of these overlapping state efforts, California’s U.S. senators, Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, are calling for a federal investigation into the cause and problems around the facility. California’s senators want the Department of Energy to take six months to look into this gas field and others like it near urban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility not only to address this leak, but also to ensure nothing like this ever happens again,” Feinstein \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=AE226B2D-3687-41F4-BC8A-9746453E19C6\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The company handling three tanker cars that derailed in Martinez last week failed to apply enough brakes, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/ecoservices-2016-0120-FRA-Form-F-6180-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report \u003c/a>that Union Pacific filed with the Federal Railroad Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firm, Eco Services, pulled eight cars into its plant near the Benicia Bridge last Wednesday, a dozen other cars they were separated from began rolling away and under Interstate 680.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's handbrakes on the cars to keep the cars stationary, and if they didn't set those handbrakes before they decoupled those eight, they could start rolling. And that looks like what happened,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"It is a cause for concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Union Pacific report also found that the incident caused more than $13,000 in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services, Union Pacific and the Federal Railroad Administration have yet to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The California Public Utilities Commission has opened an investigation into the derailment of three tanker cars carrying oil-refining chemicals in Martinez last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC's probe of the incident just south of the Benicia Bridge comes amid new disclosures that the company in charge of the train at the time lost control of a dozen cars carrying spent sulfuric acid just before the derailment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And county officials say the local agency in charge of responding to hazardous material incidents was not notified about the derailment until two hours after the cars left the tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that was handling the material was Eco Services. Union Pacific delivered 20 tanker cars to the firm's plant in Martinez on Jan. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning Eco Services workers began moving eight of the cars into its processing facility, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/ecoservices-2016-0120-72-hour-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">company incident report\u003c/a> filed with county officials this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as the separation took place, the remaining 12 cars started rolling southward and down gradient toward Marina Vista Ave[nue],\" wrote Anthony Koo, a senior environmental engineer at Eco Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that a dozen rail cars carrying chemicals were briefly out of control near a busy freeway, Interstate 680, and one of the region's major bridges prompted concern from the county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer, Randy Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanker cars \"were moving when they weren't supposed to be moving,\" Sawyer said in an interview. \"I would think they would have some kind of braking system that would keep them from doing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the three cars that left the tracks first passed under the I-680 overpass before hitting a derail device just west of the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said that device is a safety feature designed to prevent rail cars from entering a main track and colliding with a moving train. That safety system worked. No chemicals leaked from the three derailed cars, and no one was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer also expressed concern about the delay in notifying his agency -- a process that took nearly two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would expect notification sooner,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Eco Services report, the derailment occurred at 6:45 a.m. on Jan. 20. The company says it notified Union Pacific 17 minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said the rail company then contacted the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which then sent the county an email about the incident at 8:33 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services said it made a \"courtesy call\" to the hazardous materials program just over an hour after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delayed notification was most likely because no hazardous materials spilled, but \"they did not notify us as quickly as we would have wished,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, meanwhile, is looking into whether Eco Services or Union Pacific were following state regulations at the time of the derailment, that agency's spokeswoman, Constance Gordon, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Union Pacific spokesman says the company will cooperate with the CPUC in its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The company handling three tanker cars that derailed in Martinez last week failed to apply enough brakes, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/ecoservices-2016-0120-FRA-Form-F-6180-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report \u003c/a>that Union Pacific filed with the Federal Railroad Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firm, Eco Services, pulled eight cars into its plant near the Benicia Bridge last Wednesday, a dozen other cars they were separated from began rolling away and under Interstate 680.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's handbrakes on the cars to keep the cars stationary, and if they didn't set those handbrakes before they decoupled those eight, they could start rolling. And that looks like what happened,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"It is a cause for concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Union Pacific report also found that the incident caused more than $13,000 in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services, Union Pacific and the Federal Railroad Administration have yet to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The California Public Utilities Commission has opened an investigation into the derailment of three tanker cars carrying oil-refining chemicals in Martinez last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC's probe of the incident just south of the Benicia Bridge comes amid new disclosures that the company in charge of the train at the time lost control of a dozen cars carrying spent sulfuric acid just before the derailment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And county officials say the local agency in charge of responding to hazardous material incidents was not notified about the derailment until two hours after the cars left the tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that was handling the material was Eco Services. Union Pacific delivered 20 tanker cars to the firm's plant in Martinez on Jan. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning Eco Services workers began moving eight of the cars into its processing facility, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/ecoservices-2016-0120-72-hour-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">company incident report\u003c/a> filed with county officials this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as the separation took place, the remaining 12 cars started rolling southward and down gradient toward Marina Vista Ave[nue],\" wrote Anthony Koo, a senior environmental engineer at Eco Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that a dozen rail cars carrying chemicals were briefly out of control near a busy freeway, Interstate 680, and one of the region's major bridges prompted concern from the county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer, Randy Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanker cars \"were moving when they weren't supposed to be moving,\" Sawyer said in an interview. \"I would think they would have some kind of braking system that would keep them from doing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the three cars that left the tracks first passed under the I-680 overpass before hitting a derail device just west of the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said that device is a safety feature designed to prevent rail cars from entering a main track and colliding with a moving train. That safety system worked. No chemicals leaked from the three derailed cars, and no one was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer also expressed concern about the delay in notifying his agency -- a process that took nearly two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would expect notification sooner,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Eco Services report, the derailment occurred at 6:45 a.m. on Jan. 20. The company says it notified Union Pacific 17 minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said the rail company then contacted the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which then sent the county an email about the incident at 8:33 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services said it made a \"courtesy call\" to the hazardous materials program just over an hour after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delayed notification was most likely because no hazardous materials spilled, but \"they did not notify us as quickly as we would have wished,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, meanwhile, is looking into whether Eco Services or Union Pacific were following state regulations at the time of the derailment, that agency's spokeswoman, Constance Gordon, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco Services has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Union Pacific spokesman says the company will cooperate with the CPUC in its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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