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"title": "Climate Change May Already Be Shifting Clouds Toward the Poles",
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"content": "\u003cp>The way clouds cover the Earth may be changing because of global warming, according to a study published Monday that used satellite data to track cloud patterns across about two decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds in the mid-latitudes shifted toward the poles during that period, as the subtropical dry zones expanded and the highest cloud-tops got higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes are predicted by most climate models of global warming, even though those models disagree on a lot of other things related to clouds, says \u003ca href=\"http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~jnorris/\">Joel Norris\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess what was surprising is that a lot of times we think of climate change as something that’s going to occur in the future,” says Norris. “This is happening right now. It’s happened during my lifetime — it was a bit startling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70 percent of our planet is covered by clouds, at any given moment. These constantly moving shape-shifters aren’t exactly easy for scientists to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds aren’t as simple as their fluffy nature might suggest. To understand them, scientists have to track the behavior of tiny water droplets, as well as huge masses of clouds that might be hundreds of miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And climate modelers also have to take into account the fact that clouds can have two different effects on temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During daytime, if there are a lot of clouds present, thick clouds, then that will keep the temperature cooler,” says Norris, because clouds reflect incoming sunlight back to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But thick clouds can also act like a blanket that keeps the Earth’s warmth in, he says, “which is the reason why a cloudy night won’t be as cold at the surface as a clear night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds have been called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/clouds/\">wild card\u003c/a> of climate science. Researchers argue over how exactly global warming will affect clouds and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While weather satellites can give you tons of cloud pictures, Norris says these satellites aren’t that great for trying to figure out long-term trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difficulties we have is that every few years a new satellite is put up with a different instrument, the orbits change, and this all changes how much cloud the satellite measures,” Norris explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he and his colleagues recently did a bunch of corrections that would make it possible to compare cloud measurements over a couple of decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s issue of the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature18273\">Nature\u003c/a>, the researchers explain how their findings match what scientists would expect to see, based on climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris says it’s probably happening primarily because of two influences — human-produced global warming, and also the recovery from the cooling effect of two volcanic eruptions during that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will other climate researchers buy this new history of clouds? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/\">Kevin Trenberth\u003c/a> at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado isn’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very good attempt to try and get a handle on this, but I don’t think it’s the final answer,” says Trenberth, who notes that the time frame studied was pretty short and included a period often described as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/global-warming-hiatus-debate-flares-up-again-1.19414\">global warming hiatus\u003c/a>, from 1999 to 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate researchers still have a lot of work to do when it comes to understanding clouds, says Trenberth, who believes the state of the science is still like that old \u003ca href=\"http://jonimitchell.com/\">Joni Mitchell\u003c/a> song \u003cem>Both Sides Now, \u003c/em>in which she sings, “I really don’t know clouds at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+May+Already+Be+Shifting+Clouds+Toward+The+Poles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists who have been tracking cloud patterns over the past two decades say the shifts they're seeing seem to correlate closely with what's predicted by computer models of Earth's changing climate.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The way clouds cover the Earth may be changing because of global warming, according to a study published Monday that used satellite data to track cloud patterns across about two decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds in the mid-latitudes shifted toward the poles during that period, as the subtropical dry zones expanded and the highest cloud-tops got higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes are predicted by most climate models of global warming, even though those models disagree on a lot of other things related to clouds, says \u003ca href=\"http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~jnorris/\">Joel Norris\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess what was surprising is that a lot of times we think of climate change as something that’s going to occur in the future,” says Norris. “This is happening right now. It’s happened during my lifetime — it was a bit startling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70 percent of our planet is covered by clouds, at any given moment. These constantly moving shape-shifters aren’t exactly easy for scientists to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds aren’t as simple as their fluffy nature might suggest. To understand them, scientists have to track the behavior of tiny water droplets, as well as huge masses of clouds that might be hundreds of miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And climate modelers also have to take into account the fact that clouds can have two different effects on temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During daytime, if there are a lot of clouds present, thick clouds, then that will keep the temperature cooler,” says Norris, because clouds reflect incoming sunlight back to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But thick clouds can also act like a blanket that keeps the Earth’s warmth in, he says, “which is the reason why a cloudy night won’t be as cold at the surface as a clear night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds have been called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/clouds/\">wild card\u003c/a> of climate science. Researchers argue over how exactly global warming will affect clouds and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While weather satellites can give you tons of cloud pictures, Norris says these satellites aren’t that great for trying to figure out long-term trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difficulties we have is that every few years a new satellite is put up with a different instrument, the orbits change, and this all changes how much cloud the satellite measures,” Norris explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he and his colleagues recently did a bunch of corrections that would make it possible to compare cloud measurements over a couple of decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s issue of the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature18273\">Nature\u003c/a>, the researchers explain how their findings match what scientists would expect to see, based on climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris says it’s probably happening primarily because of two influences — human-produced global warming, and also the recovery from the cooling effect of two volcanic eruptions during that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will other climate researchers buy this new history of clouds? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/\">Kevin Trenberth\u003c/a> at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado isn’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very good attempt to try and get a handle on this, but I don’t think it’s the final answer,” says Trenberth, who notes that the time frame studied was pretty short and included a period often described as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/global-warming-hiatus-debate-flares-up-again-1.19414\">global warming hiatus\u003c/a>, from 1999 to 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate researchers still have a lot of work to do when it comes to understanding clouds, says Trenberth, who believes the state of the science is still like that old \u003ca href=\"http://jonimitchell.com/\">Joni Mitchell\u003c/a> song \u003cem>Both Sides Now, \u003c/em>in which she sings, “I really don’t know clouds at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+May+Already+Be+Shifting+Clouds+Toward+The+Poles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Making Wine From California's Oldest Vines",
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"content": "\u003cp>When you think of California wine, you probably think Napa, Sonoma or maybe Paso Robles, but the state’s first major wine hub was in Los Angeles back in the 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since then, but one vine from that era is still producing grapes, and local winemakers are eager to work with that fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the vine is on Olvera Street -- the backbone of L.A.'s oldest neighborhood. And it's right out in the open, but most shoppers and tourists are too busy checking out the swirl of stalls selling brightly colored blankets, guitars, masks and T-shirts to notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s actually not an uncommon experience,\" said Michael Holland. \"They're not necessarily looking up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/272822714\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vine is part of a massive arbor shading a section of the famed walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day, Holland is L.A.’s official archivist, cataloguing the city's historic records, old photos, even sheet music praising the wonders of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By night, he’s an amateur winemaker. So when he saw grapes growing on this historic site, he knew he had to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just from the heritage perspective ... this is a highly unique opportunity, and I'd be a fool not to take advantage of it,\" Holland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olvera Street vine stretches from the market to the Avila Adobe, the city’s oldest standing residence. Holland said the vine was probably planted around the same time that house was built, in 1818.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Winemakers Michael Holland and Wes Hagen working with the Olvera Street vine.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers Michael Holland and Wes Hagen working with the Olvera Street vine. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He enlisted fellow DIY winemakers to help prune and tend to the overgrown plant. He also got advice from Wes Hagen, the consulting winemaker for J. Wilkes Wines in Santa Maria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vine wants to grow up, absorb sunlight, produce sugar and attract birds,\" Hagen said. \"We want to get to the fruit \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the birds, and get the sugar that would have attracted them and turn it into delicious, delicious alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help the vine produce those grapes, Hagen and Holland have been climbing onto a roof above the back patio of the Avila Adobe, where they cut off dead branches and help healthy ones take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagen said the heart of the vine hasn't been getting enough sun to produce the compounds that make for sweeter grapes. Instead, they can have too much of something called pyrazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fruit that’s grown in shade tastes like green bell peppers ... it's the exact same compound,\" he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Michael Holland harvested as many of these grapes as he could to make some wine. He also took some leave clippings and sent them to UC Davis to have their DNA analyzed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out this scraggly old vine is a direct genetic match to one known as \"Vina Madre.\" It's a plant first grown at the San Gabriel Mission, founded in 1771.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Grapes growing from the vine at Avila Adobe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapes growing from the vine at Avila Adobe. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jerry Dangl, manager of the plant identification lab at UC Davis, says it’s a very important and interesting vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scientifically, it’s a first-generation hybrid between \u003cem>Vitis vinefera\u003c/em>, the European wine grape, and \u003cem>Vitis girdiana\u003c/em>, the wild desert grape in Southern California,\" he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means this plant is a cross between the grapes brought over by early European settlers and hearty local plants. Dangl says that unique blend likely helped it survive all the pests and disease that eventually wiped out most of L.A.’s wine industry in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olvera Street plant was probably a clipping from that Vina Madre vine at the mission, which means it could be older than the state of California itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Vina Madre is not a vine associated with winemaking. In fact, the Olvera Street plant was most likely put there for shade -- a function it still provides today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dangl knows of one other location where this grape grows, and it is also used in an arborlike setting, not a vineyard. If there \u003cem>were\u003c/em> evidence it was used for making alcohol, that could be an important moment in the history of California wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would be very interested in finding Vina Madre in what looks like a production situation,\" Dangl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped city archivist Holland from trying to make wine with these grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used a recipe borrowed from a friend at Gypsy Canyon Winery. It was reputedly written in 1891, making it somewhat contemporary with the vine itself. The result is a fortified dessert wine called an angelica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what the padres would have made,\" Holland said. \"This is what they would have served at Mass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland opened a bottle and served some to Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at a Beverly Hills foodie haven, The Bazaar by José Andrés.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a very pretty color. It’s lighter than I thought it would be,\" Macalisang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014204\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-800x579.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at the Beverly Hills foodie-haven The Bazaar by José Andrés, tries a wine made from the Olvera Street grapes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at the Beverly Hills foodie-haven The Bazaar by José Andrés, tries a wine made from the Olvera Street grapes. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She is one of the first people to try the new wine. Macalisang said older vines often produce more complex flavors than younger plants and that can enhance a wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is that the case with Holland's angelica? Macalisang takes a sip -- and smiles. She says it's full of fruity flavors like candied apple, cherry, fig and raspberry jam, but it's not cloyingly sweet like some dessert wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It finishes a little drier than I thought it would,\" she adds between sips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macalisang thinks if people back in the 1800s did use these grapes for wine, it could have been a decent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may never know if that happened, but at least now, these grapes are something worth toasting to.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "When you think of California wine, you probably think of Napa or Sonoma. But the state’s first major wine hub was in L.A. back in the 1800s.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/sanden-totten\">Sanden Totten\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you think of California wine, you probably think Napa, Sonoma or maybe Paso Robles, but the state’s first major wine hub was in Los Angeles back in the 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since then, but one vine from that era is still producing grapes, and local winemakers are eager to work with that fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the vine is on Olvera Street -- the backbone of L.A.'s oldest neighborhood. And it's right out in the open, but most shoppers and tourists are too busy checking out the swirl of stalls selling brightly colored blankets, guitars, masks and T-shirts to notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s actually not an uncommon experience,\" said Michael Holland. \"They're not necessarily looking up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/272822714&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/272822714'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vine is part of a massive arbor shading a section of the famed walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day, Holland is L.A.’s official archivist, cataloguing the city's historic records, old photos, even sheet music praising the wonders of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By night, he’s an amateur winemaker. So when he saw grapes growing on this historic site, he knew he had to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just from the heritage perspective ... this is a highly unique opportunity, and I'd be a fool not to take advantage of it,\" Holland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olvera Street vine stretches from the market to the Avila Adobe, the city’s oldest standing residence. Holland said the vine was probably planted around the same time that house was built, in 1818.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Winemakers Michael Holland and Wes Hagen working with the Olvera Street vine.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/OlveraStVine-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers Michael Holland and Wes Hagen working with the Olvera Street vine. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He enlisted fellow DIY winemakers to help prune and tend to the overgrown plant. He also got advice from Wes Hagen, the consulting winemaker for J. Wilkes Wines in Santa Maria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vine wants to grow up, absorb sunlight, produce sugar and attract birds,\" Hagen said. \"We want to get to the fruit \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the birds, and get the sugar that would have attracted them and turn it into delicious, delicious alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help the vine produce those grapes, Hagen and Holland have been climbing onto a roof above the back patio of the Avila Adobe, where they cut off dead branches and help healthy ones take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagen said the heart of the vine hasn't been getting enough sun to produce the compounds that make for sweeter grapes. Instead, they can have too much of something called pyrazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fruit that’s grown in shade tastes like green bell peppers ... it's the exact same compound,\" he noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Michael Holland harvested as many of these grapes as he could to make some wine. He also took some leave clippings and sent them to UC Davis to have their DNA analyzed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out this scraggly old vine is a direct genetic match to one known as \"Vina Madre.\" It's a plant first grown at the San Gabriel Mission, founded in 1771.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Grapes growing from the vine at Avila Adobe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/GrapesGrow-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapes growing from the vine at Avila Adobe. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jerry Dangl, manager of the plant identification lab at UC Davis, says it’s a very important and interesting vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scientifically, it’s a first-generation hybrid between \u003cem>Vitis vinefera\u003c/em>, the European wine grape, and \u003cem>Vitis girdiana\u003c/em>, the wild desert grape in Southern California,\" he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means this plant is a cross between the grapes brought over by early European settlers and hearty local plants. Dangl says that unique blend likely helped it survive all the pests and disease that eventually wiped out most of L.A.’s wine industry in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olvera Street plant was probably a clipping from that Vina Madre vine at the mission, which means it could be older than the state of California itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Vina Madre is not a vine associated with winemaking. In fact, the Olvera Street plant was most likely put there for shade -- a function it still provides today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dangl knows of one other location where this grape grows, and it is also used in an arborlike setting, not a vineyard. If there \u003cem>were\u003c/em> evidence it was used for making alcohol, that could be an important moment in the history of California wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would be very interested in finding Vina Madre in what looks like a production situation,\" Dangl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped city archivist Holland from trying to make wine with these grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used a recipe borrowed from a friend at Gypsy Canyon Winery. It was reputedly written in 1891, making it somewhat contemporary with the vine itself. The result is a fortified dessert wine called an angelica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what the padres would have made,\" Holland said. \"This is what they would have served at Mass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland opened a bottle and served some to Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at a Beverly Hills foodie haven, The Bazaar by José Andrés.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a very pretty color. It’s lighter than I thought it would be,\" Macalisang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11014204\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11014204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-800x579.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at the Beverly Hills foodie-haven The Bazaar by José Andrés, tries a wine made from the Olvera Street grapes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/WineGlass-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Macalisang, lead sommelier at the Beverly Hills foodie-haven The Bazaar by José Andrés, tries a wine made from the Olvera Street grapes. \u003ccite>(Sanden Totten/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She is one of the first people to try the new wine. Macalisang said older vines often produce more complex flavors than younger plants and that can enhance a wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is that the case with Holland's angelica? Macalisang takes a sip -- and smiles. She says it's full of fruity flavors like candied apple, cherry, fig and raspberry jam, but it's not cloyingly sweet like some dessert wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It finishes a little drier than I thought it would,\" she adds between sips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macalisang thinks if people back in the 1800s did use these grapes for wine, it could have been a decent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may never know if that happened, but at least now, these grapes are something worth toasting to.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "With Cap and Trade in Doubt, Key Questions Go Unanswered",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: In response to comments from the California Air Resources Board, this story was modified July 8 to clarify language about the operation of state climate change laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Brian Jones leaned in to the microphone with a tight smile. It was May, and legislators were debating whether to request an audit of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated that the agency was not more forthcoming about aspects of the cap-and-trade program it runs, Jones fixed his gaze on the embattled regulator assigned to parry lawmakers’ questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience is: The longer we give CARB to respond, the more unresponsive they become,” said the legislator, a Republican from Santee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His comment touched off a scathing bipartisan scolding over a lack of transparency surrounding cap and trade, the state’s signature climate-change policy, which is intended to help rewind greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels within the next four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[EmissionsGuage]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento and elsewhere, fundamental questions about the program’s effectiveness are unanswered, and criticism has been growing over how billions of dollars from auctions of emissions “credits” are doled out. Many of the complaints echo an admonition familiar to schoolchildren: Show your work. Provide the public with a way to track the state’s performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is cap and trade, which essentially levies fees on major polluters, a success? How do we know? Which companies still exceed allowed emissions? Which don’t? The air board has consistently said California would reach its emissions targets; how much is cap and trade contributing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These and other issues persist as the program is assailed from legal, political and financial quarters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A lawsuit by the California Chamber of Commerce asserts that the price major polluters pay for excessive emissions is an illegal tax. Should the suit prevail, the aspect of the 2006 law that authorized cap and trade could be voided. New legislation would need approval by two-thirds of state lawmakers. That would mean some Republican support — a big ask.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Jerry Brown’s scooping up of auction proceeds to help fund the state’s controversial high-speed rail project has given cap and trade’s opponents a fulcrum for complaint, and the Legislature has yet to decide whether to extend the law past its 2020 expiration date. That’s not a sure bet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The uncertainty surrounding the future of cap and trade has resounded in the market where emissions credits are bought and sold. Since 2015, each quarterly auction had produced at least $500 million \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/26/demand-plummets-for-california-cap-and-trade-pollution-credits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">until the one held in May\u003c/a>, which yielded only $10 million. A June reserve auction was canceled after no bidders registered.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Michael Gibbs, an assistant executive officer at the air board, insisted that cap and trade is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see from the evidence that we are making progress, and moving toward our goals,” Gibbs said in an interview. “We’re getting there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency forecast two years ago that cap and trade would account for about a third of total emissions reductions four years from now. But it’s too soon to say how much improvement so far is attributable to cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very short data trail on cap and trade at this point, so there is no way to credit specific programs as yet,” agency spokesman Dave Clegern said by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which began in earnest in 2013 after years of analysis and planning, is only one piece of California’s strategy for fighting climate change. But as the cornerstone of that effort, it is too important to lose, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, authorized by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> signed by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, was conceived to motivate firms to reduce their carbon footprints by innovating — upgrading to more energy-efficient equipment and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets an annual limit, or cap, on the cumulative emissions of a wide range of businesses. Those operating above their limits must find ways to function more cleanly or buy allowances from less-polluting businesses that sell credits at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the auctions created a deep trough of money — $4 billion so far — that by law must be used to fund projects that lower greenhouse gas emissions, including projects in disadvantaged communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[CapTradeProceeds]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s rail project has been awarded $850 million from the fund, drawing fire from critics who see only a tenuous connection between the multibillion-dollar long-term project and overall emissions reduction. And officials have struggled to rationalize other expenditures – forestry and agriculture initiatives and other transportation projects, for example, especially when costs are weighed against the emissions they cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, which advises lawmakers on financial matters, says that all the projects funded so far will, over their lifetimes, remove a total of about 14 million metric tons of emissions from California’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s annual greenhouse gas \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm\">emissions in 2014\u003c/a>, the latest year for which figures are available, were estimated at 441 million metric tons, continuing a downward trend. If the trend holds, California is likely to meet its goal for 2020: 431 million metric tons. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that an average American home annually releases about 12 metric tons of carbon dioxide — a greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5A9sqDwTNegDTBvLWkYCCECU1l4pGZ44″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analyst’s finding, detailed in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Detail/3446\">report to the Legislature\u003c/a> in April, excluded the high-speed train, which will not be operational for a decade or more. Once it does begin ferrying passengers up and down the state, according to state estimates, it will reduce state carbon emissions by 44 million tons over 50 years — less than 1 million tons a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analyst also found that not all projects are cost-efficient. For example, the usual price in the auctions of reducing one metric ton of emissions is $12.73. Although some of the projects funded by auction proceeds are excellent deals, some cost more than 10 times that sum to achieve the same result, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cap-and-trade system was developed with industry at the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies subject to a cap must submit annual pollution reports, and officials say that overall the state’s emissions are declining by about 3 percent a year — a remarkable accomplishment in a growing economy, the air board notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is no mechanism for the public to see whether California companies are reducing their emissions by innovating in the way the law intended or are simply writing checks to continue emitting excess carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the public know which companies participate in the auctions, or what the bids are. Those details are kept secret, the regulators say, to prevent illegal price fixing. And officials won’t divulge the location where the online trading is managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TopEmitters]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business interests are at pains to say they support cap and trade, even as they complain about the cost of compliance and object to some planned changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, to ease the transition for companies that must reduce their emissions, the air board grants free allowances, which some companies may sell at auction, keeping the money. But regulators plan to begin reducing the free credits next year, saying most firms have successfully integrated the cost of compliance into their business plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorothy Rothrock, president of the California Manufacturers & Technology Association, disagreed, saying companies still rely on those subsidies, which help level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is making manufacturing inhospitable for any number of reasons,” she said, adding that firms here compete against companies elsewhere that are not subject to the same strict rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the helping hand to industry will continue to take a bite out of potential auction proceeds, according to air board projections examined by the state Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which companies receive the free credits, and how many? That’s secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a challenging time for California climate policy,” said Craig Ebert, president of Climate Action Reserve, a private company that helps businesses with compliance issues. “The tea leaves are murky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”iPJxxI9CkXMYlz1JESyPBHhla58C72bk”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, even the state’s emissions-reduction goals have been called into question. The Legislature’s attorneys concluded that \u003ca href=\"http://district16.cssrc.us/sites/default/files/160422_LegCounselOpinion_GGRF.pdf\">Brown overreached\u003c/a> last year when he ordered the air board to ramp them up after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor and the air board are resolute. The agency maintains that it has existing authority to operate the cap-and-trade system beyond 2020 and is drafting rules for doing so, to be delivered later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibbs acknowledges that uncertainty “inevitably has some impact” on the cap-and-trade program, citing the poor showing in the May auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding what is going to happen post-2020 is fundamental,” Gibbs said. “As those issues get resolved, the uncertainty will be resolved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue that cap and trade is the most effective method of cutting emissions and complements California’s myriad other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First and foremost, cap and trade is about reducing emissions, capping them, and ensuring that we don’t exceed the amount of emissions we’ve committed to as a state,” said Erica Morehouse, an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund, a national group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can the state meet its target without cap and trade?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still sort of to be determined,” said Ross Brown of the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we are a few years in,” he said, “I don’t know at this point if I could say it’s successful. We aren’t there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonprofit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. For more stories by Julie Cart, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: In response to comments from the California Air Resources Board, this story was modified July 8 to clarify language about the operation of state climate change laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Brian Jones leaned in to the microphone with a tight smile. It was May, and legislators were debating whether to request an audit of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated that the agency was not more forthcoming about aspects of the cap-and-trade program it runs, Jones fixed his gaze on the embattled regulator assigned to parry lawmakers’ questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience is: The longer we give CARB to respond, the more unresponsive they become,” said the legislator, a Republican from Santee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His comment touched off a scathing bipartisan scolding over a lack of transparency surrounding cap and trade, the state’s signature climate-change policy, which is intended to help rewind greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels within the next four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[EmissionsGuage]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento and elsewhere, fundamental questions about the program’s effectiveness are unanswered, and criticism has been growing over how billions of dollars from auctions of emissions “credits” are doled out. Many of the complaints echo an admonition familiar to schoolchildren: Show your work. Provide the public with a way to track the state’s performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is cap and trade, which essentially levies fees on major polluters, a success? How do we know? Which companies still exceed allowed emissions? Which don’t? The air board has consistently said California would reach its emissions targets; how much is cap and trade contributing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These and other issues persist as the program is assailed from legal, political and financial quarters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A lawsuit by the California Chamber of Commerce asserts that the price major polluters pay for excessive emissions is an illegal tax. Should the suit prevail, the aspect of the 2006 law that authorized cap and trade could be voided. New legislation would need approval by two-thirds of state lawmakers. That would mean some Republican support — a big ask.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Jerry Brown’s scooping up of auction proceeds to help fund the state’s controversial high-speed rail project has given cap and trade’s opponents a fulcrum for complaint, and the Legislature has yet to decide whether to extend the law past its 2020 expiration date. That’s not a sure bet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The uncertainty surrounding the future of cap and trade has resounded in the market where emissions credits are bought and sold. Since 2015, each quarterly auction had produced at least $500 million \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/26/demand-plummets-for-california-cap-and-trade-pollution-credits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">until the one held in May\u003c/a>, which yielded only $10 million. A June reserve auction was canceled after no bidders registered.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Michael Gibbs, an assistant executive officer at the air board, insisted that cap and trade is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see from the evidence that we are making progress, and moving toward our goals,” Gibbs said in an interview. “We’re getting there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency forecast two years ago that cap and trade would account for about a third of total emissions reductions four years from now. But it’s too soon to say how much improvement so far is attributable to cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very short data trail on cap and trade at this point, so there is no way to credit specific programs as yet,” agency spokesman Dave Clegern said by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which began in earnest in 2013 after years of analysis and planning, is only one piece of California’s strategy for fighting climate change. But as the cornerstone of that effort, it is too important to lose, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, authorized by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> signed by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, was conceived to motivate firms to reduce their carbon footprints by innovating — upgrading to more energy-efficient equipment and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets an annual limit, or cap, on the cumulative emissions of a wide range of businesses. Those operating above their limits must find ways to function more cleanly or buy allowances from less-polluting businesses that sell credits at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the auctions created a deep trough of money — $4 billion so far — that by law must be used to fund projects that lower greenhouse gas emissions, including projects in disadvantaged communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[CapTradeProceeds]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s rail project has been awarded $850 million from the fund, drawing fire from critics who see only a tenuous connection between the multibillion-dollar long-term project and overall emissions reduction. And officials have struggled to rationalize other expenditures – forestry and agriculture initiatives and other transportation projects, for example, especially when costs are weighed against the emissions they cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, which advises lawmakers on financial matters, says that all the projects funded so far will, over their lifetimes, remove a total of about 14 million metric tons of emissions from California’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s annual greenhouse gas \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm\">emissions in 2014\u003c/a>, the latest year for which figures are available, were estimated at 441 million metric tons, continuing a downward trend. If the trend holds, California is likely to meet its goal for 2020: 431 million metric tons. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that an average American home annually releases about 12 metric tons of carbon dioxide — a greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analyst’s finding, detailed in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Detail/3446\">report to the Legislature\u003c/a> in April, excluded the high-speed train, which will not be operational for a decade or more. Once it does begin ferrying passengers up and down the state, according to state estimates, it will reduce state carbon emissions by 44 million tons over 50 years — less than 1 million tons a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analyst also found that not all projects are cost-efficient. For example, the usual price in the auctions of reducing one metric ton of emissions is $12.73. Although some of the projects funded by auction proceeds are excellent deals, some cost more than 10 times that sum to achieve the same result, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cap-and-trade system was developed with industry at the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies subject to a cap must submit annual pollution reports, and officials say that overall the state’s emissions are declining by about 3 percent a year — a remarkable accomplishment in a growing economy, the air board notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is no mechanism for the public to see whether California companies are reducing their emissions by innovating in the way the law intended or are simply writing checks to continue emitting excess carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the public know which companies participate in the auctions, or what the bids are. Those details are kept secret, the regulators say, to prevent illegal price fixing. And officials won’t divulge the location where the online trading is managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TopEmitters]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business interests are at pains to say they support cap and trade, even as they complain about the cost of compliance and object to some planned changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, to ease the transition for companies that must reduce their emissions, the air board grants free allowances, which some companies may sell at auction, keeping the money. But regulators plan to begin reducing the free credits next year, saying most firms have successfully integrated the cost of compliance into their business plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorothy Rothrock, president of the California Manufacturers & Technology Association, disagreed, saying companies still rely on those subsidies, which help level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is making manufacturing inhospitable for any number of reasons,” she said, adding that firms here compete against companies elsewhere that are not subject to the same strict rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the helping hand to industry will continue to take a bite out of potential auction proceeds, according to air board projections examined by the state Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which companies receive the free credits, and how many? That’s secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a challenging time for California climate policy,” said Craig Ebert, president of Climate Action Reserve, a private company that helps businesses with compliance issues. “The tea leaves are murky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, even the state’s emissions-reduction goals have been called into question. The Legislature’s attorneys concluded that \u003ca href=\"http://district16.cssrc.us/sites/default/files/160422_LegCounselOpinion_GGRF.pdf\">Brown overreached\u003c/a> last year when he ordered the air board to ramp them up after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor and the air board are resolute. The agency maintains that it has existing authority to operate the cap-and-trade system beyond 2020 and is drafting rules for doing so, to be delivered later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibbs acknowledges that uncertainty “inevitably has some impact” on the cap-and-trade program, citing the poor showing in the May auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding what is going to happen post-2020 is fundamental,” Gibbs said. “As those issues get resolved, the uncertainty will be resolved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue that cap and trade is the most effective method of cutting emissions and complements California’s myriad other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First and foremost, cap and trade is about reducing emissions, capping them, and ensuring that we don’t exceed the amount of emissions we’ve committed to as a state,” said Erica Morehouse, an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund, a national group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can the state meet its target without cap and trade?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still sort of to be determined,” said Ross Brown of the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we are a few years in,” he said, “I don’t know at this point if I could say it’s successful. We aren’t there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonprofit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. For more stories by Julie Cart, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Local Air Regulators Investigating Three Separate Recent Refinery Problems",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8:30 a.m., Friday to include more details of Tuesday's upset at the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are looking into several recent malfunctions at Chevron's Richmond refinery, Valero's Benicia facility and the Phillips 66 plant in Rodeo that led each facility to send flares into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three companies, though, are releasing little information about what caused the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent plant upset took place at the Phillips 66 refinery on Tuesday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the facility's cooling devices shut down at 6:20 p.m., prompting flaring that sent sulfur dioxide into the air, according to Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said that one of the water pumps that cools gases as they travel through part of the refinery malfunctioned. Initially, it was thought that one of the plant's entire units had shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county determined that the incident did not have an \"adverse acute impact on the health and safety of the community,\" said Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flaring lasted for more than three hours, according to Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Adler, a Phillips spokesman, confirmed that refinery operations were back to normal but offered no other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday afternoon there was a problem at the Valero refinery in Benicia, prompting the facility to send out flares for at least the next 63 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"unscheduled flaring\" released more than 500 pounds of sulfur dioxide into the air, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/5da9d38a2ecc80d688257fdd007b4eab?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Benicia\">report \u003c/a>the company filed with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will not answer any questions about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is Valero's policy to not comment on operations or possible outages beyond what is already publicly reported,\" said Lillian Riojas, a company representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaring is a practice that allows the refinery to relieve stress from inside the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the recent Valero incident, it's unclear how long it lasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Chadwick, division chief at the Benicia Fire Department, says the flames stopped shooting out from the refinery at 7 a.m. on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Borrmann, the air district spokesman, says flares continued intermittently until just before midnight on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That afternoon, Solano County's Department of Human Resources learned that the operation ended, said Matthew Geisert, a hazardous materials specialist with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geisert says his department has no other details about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of information frustrates local activists who have called for tighter emissions regulations for the region's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know is killing us,\" said Andres Soto with Communities for a Better Environment. \"It's a deliberate policy strategy to keep the media and the public ignorant of what is going on with these dangerous chemical processes at the refinery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A malfunction at a processing unit at Chevron's Richmond refinery led to flaring for several hours on June 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials say the county's dispatch center got lots of calls from concerned residents, but they didn't feel the incident was severe enough to issue any serious warnings about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa , unlike neighboring Solano County, does require more information from a refinery after certain flaring operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron filed a 72-hour report with the county's hazardous materials program that revealed the incident was prompted by a compressor in a processing unit tripping offline. The chemicals released during that operation did not rise above state standards, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company will not release more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't share any more detail than what we've provided in the county report,\" said Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 29, Chevron's Richmond refinery had a similar issue that caused flaring. In that incident, residents throughout the region complained of a bad odor. The upset sent sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the hours after the flaring took place, Chevron did not admit its refinery had a malfunction, other than to say that flaring is an important part of keeping the refinery running safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted Sawyer to call on the company to do a better job of telling the public about problems at its local refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron should be open and say they did have a problem and they're looking at it and they're going to investigate it and see what the problem was,\" Sawyer said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it shared with the public what it felt was important information at the time and eventually filed a report that showed one of the refinery's monitoring devices had failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district is investigating all four incidents.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8:30 a.m., Friday to include more details of Tuesday's upset at the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are looking into several recent malfunctions at Chevron's Richmond refinery, Valero's Benicia facility and the Phillips 66 plant in Rodeo that led each facility to send flares into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three companies, though, are releasing little information about what caused the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent plant upset took place at the Phillips 66 refinery on Tuesday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the facility's cooling devices shut down at 6:20 p.m., prompting flaring that sent sulfur dioxide into the air, according to Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer said that one of the water pumps that cools gases as they travel through part of the refinery malfunctioned. Initially, it was thought that one of the plant's entire units had shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county determined that the incident did not have an \"adverse acute impact on the health and safety of the community,\" said Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flaring lasted for more than three hours, according to Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Adler, a Phillips spokesman, confirmed that refinery operations were back to normal but offered no other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday afternoon there was a problem at the Valero refinery in Benicia, prompting the facility to send out flares for at least the next 63 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"unscheduled flaring\" released more than 500 pounds of sulfur dioxide into the air, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/5da9d38a2ecc80d688257fdd007b4eab?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Benicia\">report \u003c/a>the company filed with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will not answer any questions about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is Valero's policy to not comment on operations or possible outages beyond what is already publicly reported,\" said Lillian Riojas, a company representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaring is a practice that allows the refinery to relieve stress from inside the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the recent Valero incident, it's unclear how long it lasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Chadwick, division chief at the Benicia Fire Department, says the flames stopped shooting out from the refinery at 7 a.m. on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Borrmann, the air district spokesman, says flares continued intermittently until just before midnight on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That afternoon, Solano County's Department of Human Resources learned that the operation ended, said Matthew Geisert, a hazardous materials specialist with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geisert says his department has no other details about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of information frustrates local activists who have called for tighter emissions regulations for the region's refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know is killing us,\" said Andres Soto with Communities for a Better Environment. \"It's a deliberate policy strategy to keep the media and the public ignorant of what is going on with these dangerous chemical processes at the refinery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A malfunction at a processing unit at Chevron's Richmond refinery led to flaring for several hours on June 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials say the county's dispatch center got lots of calls from concerned residents, but they didn't feel the incident was severe enough to issue any serious warnings about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa , unlike neighboring Solano County, does require more information from a refinery after certain flaring operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron filed a 72-hour report with the county's hazardous materials program that revealed the incident was prompted by a compressor in a processing unit tripping offline. The chemicals released during that operation did not rise above state standards, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company will not release more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't share any more detail than what we've provided in the county report,\" said Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 29, Chevron's Richmond refinery had a similar issue that caused flaring. In that incident, residents throughout the region complained of a bad odor. The upset sent sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the hours after the flaring took place, Chevron did not admit its refinery had a malfunction, other than to say that flaring is an important part of keeping the refinery running safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted Sawyer to call on the company to do a better job of telling the public about problems at its local refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron should be open and say they did have a problem and they're looking at it and they're going to investigate it and see what the problem was,\" Sawyer said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it shared with the public what it felt was important information at the time and eventually filed a report that showed one of the refinery's monitoring devices had failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district is investigating all four incidents.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Artist \u003ca href=\"http://favianna.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Favianna Rodriguez\u003c/a> and political commentator \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanjones.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Van Jones\u003c/a> have a lot in common. They both came up through the grassroots activism scene of the Bay Area in the late 1990s. They both run non-profit organizations/initiatives — respectively, \u003ca href=\"http://www.culturestrike.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CultureStrike\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenforall.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green for All \u003c/a>— that seek to provide environmental justice for communities of color. And they’re both on a mission to shake up the environmental movement by putting artists from diverse backgrounds at the forefront of the drive to combat global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For so long, when you think of environmentalists, you think of a white guy in Birkenstocks, and yet communities of color have dirtier air, dirtier water, refineries,” Rodriguez says. “I think in the climate movement we need to make room for more artists to tell stories from the front lines that lead us to action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones and Rodriguez strongly believe that artists coming out of struggling neighborhoods are uniquely equipped to deliver a powerful message about the environment. The traditional ways of talking about climate change are just not getting across. Conversely, comedians, visual artists, writers and other creatives know how to connect the hard facts with people’s hearts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about global warming, we have people who are paid millions of dollars to do polls and communicate, but their messages don’t work,” Jones says. “But you get Boots Riley, one of the great rappers, to describe the problem — that’s much more effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Arts invited Jones and Rodriguez to share their thoughts about art and the environment in a conversation that was recorded at Rodriguez’s studio in West Oakland on Friday, Jun. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the video, here is an extended audio version of the interview, edited from the original conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271482359″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>–Chloe Veltman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The above video features the following artists and their work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>CultureStrike and JustSeeds \u003cem>We are the Storm\u003c/em> climate change portfolio, featuring work by Favianna Rodriguez, Meredith Stern, and Nicolas Medin\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Brother Earth\u003c/em>, featuring Boots Riley and Josh Healey, produced by Movement Generation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Climate Warrior\u003c/em>, produced by CultureStrike\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Land,\u003c/em> by Lares Feliciano\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Into the Streets \u003c/em>produced by Meerkat Media Collective\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Coverage of the Climate Ribbon Project\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artist \u003ca href=\"http://favianna.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Favianna Rodriguez\u003c/a> and political commentator \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanjones.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Van Jones\u003c/a> have a lot in common. They both came up through the grassroots activism scene of the Bay Area in the late 1990s. They both run non-profit organizations/initiatives — respectively, \u003ca href=\"http://www.culturestrike.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CultureStrike\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenforall.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green for All \u003c/a>— that seek to provide environmental justice for communities of color. And they’re both on a mission to shake up the environmental movement by putting artists from diverse backgrounds at the forefront of the drive to combat global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For so long, when you think of environmentalists, you think of a white guy in Birkenstocks, and yet communities of color have dirtier air, dirtier water, refineries,” Rodriguez says. “I think in the climate movement we need to make room for more artists to tell stories from the front lines that lead us to action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones and Rodriguez strongly believe that artists coming out of struggling neighborhoods are uniquely equipped to deliver a powerful message about the environment. The traditional ways of talking about climate change are just not getting across. Conversely, comedians, visual artists, writers and other creatives know how to connect the hard facts with people’s hearts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about global warming, we have people who are paid millions of dollars to do polls and communicate, but their messages don’t work,” Jones says. “But you get Boots Riley, one of the great rappers, to describe the problem — that’s much more effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Arts invited Jones and Rodriguez to share their thoughts about art and the environment in a conversation that was recorded at Rodriguez’s studio in West Oakland on Friday, Jun. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the video, here is an extended audio version of the interview, edited from the original conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271482359″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271482359″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>–Chloe Veltman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The above video features the following artists and their work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>CultureStrike and JustSeeds \u003cem>We are the Storm\u003c/em> climate change portfolio, featuring work by Favianna Rodriguez, Meredith Stern, and Nicolas Medin\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Brother Earth\u003c/em>, featuring Boots Riley and Josh Healey, produced by Movement Generation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Climate Warrior\u003c/em>, produced by CultureStrike\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Land,\u003c/em> by Lares Feliciano\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Into the Streets \u003c/em>produced by Meerkat Media Collective\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Coverage of the Climate Ribbon Project\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland City Council Votes to Block Coal Shipments Through Port",
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"content": "\u003cp>After more than a year of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">rancorous exchanges\u003c/a> between city leaders and a powerful developer in charge of building an ambitious new port facility, the Oakland City Council has voted 7-0 to ban coal exports through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/24/study-backs-oaklands-case-for-blocking-coal-terminal\" target=\"_blank\">a series of environmental analyses\u003c/a> had supported the city's contention that coal shipments through a new bulk cargo facility slated for the waterfront south of the Bay Bridge would pose health, environmental and safety risks for the city and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://philtagami.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Phil Tagami\u003c/a>, the developer behind the proposal, has argued that his contract with the city allows the shipment of coal and that a ban would violate federal law and the U.S. Constitution's commerce clause and render the new facility commercially infeasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours of public comment, often interrupted by outbursts from the crowd in the packed council chambers and City Hall overflow rooms, preceded Monday's vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the audience called on the council to reject the ban on coal, saying Oakland needs the jobs that developers of the $260 million facility, the \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Termina\u003c/a>l, have promised. At one point, some in the audience briefly halted public comment with a chant of \"let us work!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/breaking-news/ci_30064002/happening-now-oakland-council-considering-ban-coal\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Times account\u003c/a> of the meeting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Poor outcomes of health occur when there is a lack of jobs, increased crime, poorer education, low income and lack of transportation,\" said Dr. H. Geoffrey Watson, \"We're dying more than anyone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson runs a \u003ca href=\"http://drwatsonwellness.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">community health clinic in northwest Oakland\u003c/a>. His position was echoed by some faith leaders in the city, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Hundreds-pack-Oakland-City-Hall-for-coal-ban-vote-8328358.php\" target=\"_blank\">as reported\u003c/a> by the San Francisco Chronicle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a person doesn’t have a job, it’s going to affect their health — they can’t get the right kind of medical (care) they need for their families,” said Pastor Kevin Barnes of Abyssinian Missionary Baptist Church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ministers, physicians and labor representatives also turned out to support the ban. In fact, the city-commissioned report released last week suggested that future coal workers from West Oakland, a community that has suffered severe health impacts from its proximity to sources of pollution like freeways, rail lines and the city's busy port, would be at particularly high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Stephenson, executive director of California Interfaith Power and Light, a group organized to address climate change, told the council that its 40 or so congregations in the city \"are united in opposition to bringing coal into Oakland for export.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derrick Muhammad, from International Longshore and Warehouse Union Local 10, called the proposal to ship coal from West Oakland \"the equivalent of leading us into Jonestown, making us drink Kool-Aid laced with cyanide, brothers. It might sound good. It might look good. But it's a trick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terminal Logistics Solutions, the firm in charge of building the new bulk cargo facility, has promised state-of-the-art systems, including covered rail cars, enclosed conveyors and sealed domes, that would prevent the release of coal dust into the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics have pointed out that some of those proposed measures -- covered coal cars -- do not yet exist. Others have said there's simply no way of mitigating the dangers posed by coal shipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coal dust and coal itself have hazards that cannot be eliminated, because of the particles, because of the explosions and because of the fire,\" Amy Kyle, a research scientist at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, told Monday night's meeting. \"Secondly, the operations at this facility will generate dust in a lot of locations, and there doesn’t seem to be any demonstrated way that all of this can be contained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also heard a warning from Gregory McConnell, an Oakland attorney and lobbyist representing the new terminal, that the city could expect legal action if it passed the coal ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not going to end tonight,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Council members were unswayed. Again, from the East Bay Times:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Councilmember Noel Gallo said it was incumbent upon the council to protect residents' health and Councilmember Abel Guillen called the tradeoff between jobs and the environment a \"false choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just about making a dollar,\" Gallo said. \"It's also about social responsibility.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>All seven council members present at the meeting voted for the ban. East Oakland Councilwoman Desley Brooks was absent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Sandhya Dirks contributed to this post. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After more than a year of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">rancorous exchanges\u003c/a> between city leaders and a powerful developer in charge of building an ambitious new port facility, the Oakland City Council has voted 7-0 to ban coal exports through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/24/study-backs-oaklands-case-for-blocking-coal-terminal\" target=\"_blank\">a series of environmental analyses\u003c/a> had supported the city's contention that coal shipments through a new bulk cargo facility slated for the waterfront south of the Bay Bridge would pose health, environmental and safety risks for the city and nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://philtagami.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Phil Tagami\u003c/a>, the developer behind the proposal, has argued that his contract with the city allows the shipment of coal and that a ban would violate federal law and the U.S. Constitution's commerce clause and render the new facility commercially infeasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours of public comment, often interrupted by outbursts from the crowd in the packed council chambers and City Hall overflow rooms, preceded Monday's vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the audience called on the council to reject the ban on coal, saying Oakland needs the jobs that developers of the $260 million facility, the \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Termina\u003c/a>l, have promised. At one point, some in the audience briefly halted public comment with a chant of \"let us work!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/breaking-news/ci_30064002/happening-now-oakland-council-considering-ban-coal\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Times account\u003c/a> of the meeting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Poor outcomes of health occur when there is a lack of jobs, increased crime, poorer education, low income and lack of transportation,\" said Dr. H. Geoffrey Watson, \"We're dying more than anyone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson runs a \u003ca href=\"http://drwatsonwellness.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">community health clinic in northwest Oakland\u003c/a>. His position was echoed by some faith leaders in the city, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Hundreds-pack-Oakland-City-Hall-for-coal-ban-vote-8328358.php\" target=\"_blank\">as reported\u003c/a> by the San Francisco Chronicle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a person doesn’t have a job, it’s going to affect their health — they can’t get the right kind of medical (care) they need for their families,” said Pastor Kevin Barnes of Abyssinian Missionary Baptist Church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ministers, physicians and labor representatives also turned out to support the ban. In fact, the city-commissioned report released last week suggested that future coal workers from West Oakland, a community that has suffered severe health impacts from its proximity to sources of pollution like freeways, rail lines and the city's busy port, would be at particularly high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Stephenson, executive director of California Interfaith Power and Light, a group organized to address climate change, told the council that its 40 or so congregations in the city \"are united in opposition to bringing coal into Oakland for export.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derrick Muhammad, from International Longshore and Warehouse Union Local 10, called the proposal to ship coal from West Oakland \"the equivalent of leading us into Jonestown, making us drink Kool-Aid laced with cyanide, brothers. It might sound good. It might look good. But it's a trick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terminal Logistics Solutions, the firm in charge of building the new bulk cargo facility, has promised state-of-the-art systems, including covered rail cars, enclosed conveyors and sealed domes, that would prevent the release of coal dust into the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics have pointed out that some of those proposed measures -- covered coal cars -- do not yet exist. Others have said there's simply no way of mitigating the dangers posed by coal shipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coal dust and coal itself have hazards that cannot be eliminated, because of the particles, because of the explosions and because of the fire,\" Amy Kyle, a research scientist at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, told Monday night's meeting. \"Secondly, the operations at this facility will generate dust in a lot of locations, and there doesn’t seem to be any demonstrated way that all of this can be contained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also heard a warning from Gregory McConnell, an Oakland attorney and lobbyist representing the new terminal, that the city could expect legal action if it passed the coal ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not going to end tonight,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Council members were unswayed. Again, from the East Bay Times:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Councilmember Noel Gallo said it was incumbent upon the council to protect residents' health and Councilmember Abel Guillen called the tradeoff between jobs and the environment a \"false choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just about making a dollar,\" Gallo said. \"It's also about social responsibility.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>All seven council members present at the meeting voted for the ban. East Oakland Councilwoman Desley Brooks was absent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Sandhya Dirks contributed to this post. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Firefighters Make Progress Against Kern County Blaze",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 9 a.m. Monday:\u003c/strong> Fire agency managers say crews have made substantial progress in containing the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/photographs/4806/\" target=\"_blank\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a>, which raced through mountains communities northeast of Bakersfield late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday morning, the fire was reported to have burned 45,388 acres -- 71 square miles, or nearly the area of Oakland -- and is now 40 percent contained. Current \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.nifc.gov/incident_specific_data/calif_s/2016_Incidents/CA-CND-001415_Erskine/GIS/Products/20160627/OPS_Arch_E_land_20160627_day_Erskine_CACND1415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">briefing maps\u003c/a> show that crews have managed to complete containment lines on most of the fire's northern and eastern flanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire destroyed about 150 homes in and near the community of Lake Isabella in the first 48 hours after it broke out last Wednesday; about 75 homes have been damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earlier post, 6:15 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFire agencies are rushing ground crews and aircraft to confront a rapidly expanding wildfire that killed two people and destroyed at least 80 homes after it broke out Thursday afternoon near the Kern County community of Lake Isabella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from the federal Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service and Kern County said during a briefing at 6 p.m. Friday that the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4806/\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a> has consumed 30,000 acres -- 47 square miles -- in the mountains northeast of Bakersfield. The blaze is 5 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that the unidentified victims appeared to be overcome by smoke as they tried to escape the blaze, which reportedly raced across 11 miles of terrain in the 13 hours after it broke out about 4 p.m. Thursday. Authorities withheld the exact location where the pair died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering a question from reporters during the Friday evening briefing, Kern County Sheriff Donny Youngblood said he is concerned the fire may have claimed other victims surprised by the blaze's rapid spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Klippel, 78, a retired police officer, told The Associated Press he didn't see much of a threat after receiving an automated call advising him to leave. That changed dramatically within an hour Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been so close to a fast-moving, ferocious fire. It was unbelievable,\" said Klippel, who later learned his house had caught fire. \"I almost didn't have time to get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say about 1,500 homes are threatened by the fire and about 2,000 people have been forced from their residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 800 firefighters are on the scene, with hundreds more on the way. Seven helicopters and half a dozen fixed-wing air tankers will fight the fire Friday, including a jumbo jet from a private fleet frequently deployed to fight the most dangerous wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze began amid ideal fire conditions: 90-degree heat, single-digit humidity and winds that reached 35 mph whipped the fire through a steep landscape that got little relief from last winter's sparse El Niño rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The forces of nature collided with a spark,\" Kern County Fire Chief Brian Marshall told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ095&warncounty=CAC029&firewxzone=CAZ295&local_place1=4%20Miles%20S%20Lake%20Isabella%20CA&product1=Red+Flag+Warning&lat=35.5642&lon=-118.4716#.V21LDZMrKb8\" target=\"_blank\">red-flag warning\u003c/a> for dangerous fire weather continues through Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kern-fire-homes-destroyed-20160624-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times quotes\u003c/a> Kern County Fire Capt. Tyler Townsend describing the blaze as “extremely dangerous, extremely volatile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've never been in a wildland fire where I've seen so many homes burn,” Townsend told the Times. “It's one of the most devastating I've ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the latest Associated Press write-up on the fire:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAKE ISABELLA, Kern County— A deadly wildfire that roared through dry brush and trees in the mountains of central California gave residents little time to flee as flames burned dozens of homes to the ground, propane tanks exploded, and smoke obscured the path to safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bodies were found Friday near Lake Isabella, a popular recreation area east of Bakersfield that was ravaged by wind-whipped flames, said Phil Neufeld, a spokesman for the Kern County Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 80 houses were destroyed in the southern Sierra Nevada as the fire burned out of control across 29 square miles, leveling neighborhoods and forcing thousands of people to flee from fast-moving flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Klippel, 78, a retired police officer, said he didn't see much of a threat after receiving an automated call advising him to leave. That changed dramatically within an hour Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been so close to a fast-moving, ferocious fire. It was unbelievable,\" said Klippel, who later learned his house had caught fire. \"I almost didn't have time to get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighborhoods of mobile homes were charred to their foundations. Gusty winds pushed the flames and smoke farther into drought-starved terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The forces of nature collided with a spark,\" Kern County Fire Chief Brian Marshall said. \"The mountainous terrain, five years of drought and wind gusts of over 20 mph all drove a fire over 11 miles in 13 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scorching heat and tinder-dry conditions across the West have contributed to massive wildfires in the past week that have destroyed properties and sent residents to seek shelter and hope for the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Rogers was one of those who thought she'd never see her home or her brother's home again. Instead, she was lucky to find both standing in a neighborhood of mobile homes that was devastated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sure this place was gone last night,\" Rogers said through tears as she gestured at the destruction around her. \"I mean look at this, I can't believe it. It's like a scary movie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The downspout of her brother's home was melted on the ground, but the structure was intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of other homes were gone, left in piles of charred sheet metal and cinderblock foundations. Scorched tricycles, air conditioners and TV dishes littered the landscape. Burned-out cars sat on tireless rims and leafless trees poked from barren, blackened dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California blaze erupted quickly, putting some 1,500 homes in jeopardy. Three firefighters suffered from smoke inhalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews faced a \"firefight of epic proportions\" as they tried to protect neighborhoods, Marshall said. Officials said they expect to find many more homes destroyed as the smoke clears and they do a more thorough check of smoldering neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency, freeing up money and resources to fight the fire and cleanup its aftermath. It also temporarily suspends some state regulations and waives fees as a way to ease the return of evacuees and those who have lost homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dramatic video from Thursday night showed homes fully engulfed and others already gone as propane tanks flared up and popped. Flames glowing in the steep, rocky hillsides were reflected on the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents described a frantic flight from communities surrounding the lake, a dammed section of the Kern River that is a destination for boating, fishing, rafting, hiking and camping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cachet Kirby, 22, of Mount Mesa and her neighbors grabbed clothes, blankets and their dogs and fled through thick smoke as flames charged down the slopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was to the point you couldn't see, you couldn't breathe,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and others, exhausted Friday morning after little sleep in shelters and cars, were desperate for information about their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could have gotten lucky and the wind shifted, or our house could be burned down,\" Kirby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cellphone service was cut off in many areas, contributing to the anxieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very low humidity and gusty winds of up to 55 mph could worsen the blaze that broke out amid high temperatures and climbed over at least three ridges into hillside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been in a wildland fire where I've seen so many homes burn,\" Kern County fire Capt. Tyler Townsend said. \"It's one of the most devastating I've ever seen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Blaze has burned more than 45,000 acres -- and destroyed 150 homes -- in mountains northeast of Bakersfield. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 9 a.m. Monday:\u003c/strong> Fire agency managers say crews have made substantial progress in containing the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/photographs/4806/\" target=\"_blank\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a>, which raced through mountains communities northeast of Bakersfield late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday morning, the fire was reported to have burned 45,388 acres -- 71 square miles, or nearly the area of Oakland -- and is now 40 percent contained. Current \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.nifc.gov/incident_specific_data/calif_s/2016_Incidents/CA-CND-001415_Erskine/GIS/Products/20160627/OPS_Arch_E_land_20160627_day_Erskine_CACND1415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">briefing maps\u003c/a> show that crews have managed to complete containment lines on most of the fire's northern and eastern flanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire destroyed about 150 homes in and near the community of Lake Isabella in the first 48 hours after it broke out last Wednesday; about 75 homes have been damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earlier post, 6:15 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFire agencies are rushing ground crews and aircraft to confront a rapidly expanding wildfire that killed two people and destroyed at least 80 homes after it broke out Thursday afternoon near the Kern County community of Lake Isabella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from the federal Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service and Kern County said during a briefing at 6 p.m. Friday that the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4806/\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a> has consumed 30,000 acres -- 47 square miles -- in the mountains northeast of Bakersfield. The blaze is 5 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that the unidentified victims appeared to be overcome by smoke as they tried to escape the blaze, which reportedly raced across 11 miles of terrain in the 13 hours after it broke out about 4 p.m. Thursday. Authorities withheld the exact location where the pair died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering a question from reporters during the Friday evening briefing, Kern County Sheriff Donny Youngblood said he is concerned the fire may have claimed other victims surprised by the blaze's rapid spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Klippel, 78, a retired police officer, told The Associated Press he didn't see much of a threat after receiving an automated call advising him to leave. That changed dramatically within an hour Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been so close to a fast-moving, ferocious fire. It was unbelievable,\" said Klippel, who later learned his house had caught fire. \"I almost didn't have time to get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say about 1,500 homes are threatened by the fire and about 2,000 people have been forced from their residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 800 firefighters are on the scene, with hundreds more on the way. Seven helicopters and half a dozen fixed-wing air tankers will fight the fire Friday, including a jumbo jet from a private fleet frequently deployed to fight the most dangerous wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze began amid ideal fire conditions: 90-degree heat, single-digit humidity and winds that reached 35 mph whipped the fire through a steep landscape that got little relief from last winter's sparse El Niño rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The forces of nature collided with a spark,\" Kern County Fire Chief Brian Marshall told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ095&warncounty=CAC029&firewxzone=CAZ295&local_place1=4%20Miles%20S%20Lake%20Isabella%20CA&product1=Red+Flag+Warning&lat=35.5642&lon=-118.4716#.V21LDZMrKb8\" target=\"_blank\">red-flag warning\u003c/a> for dangerous fire weather continues through Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kern-fire-homes-destroyed-20160624-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times quotes\u003c/a> Kern County Fire Capt. Tyler Townsend describing the blaze as “extremely dangerous, extremely volatile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've never been in a wildland fire where I've seen so many homes burn,” Townsend told the Times. “It's one of the most devastating I've ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the latest Associated Press write-up on the fire:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAKE ISABELLA, Kern County— A deadly wildfire that roared through dry brush and trees in the mountains of central California gave residents little time to flee as flames burned dozens of homes to the ground, propane tanks exploded, and smoke obscured the path to safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bodies were found Friday near Lake Isabella, a popular recreation area east of Bakersfield that was ravaged by wind-whipped flames, said Phil Neufeld, a spokesman for the Kern County Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 80 houses were destroyed in the southern Sierra Nevada as the fire burned out of control across 29 square miles, leveling neighborhoods and forcing thousands of people to flee from fast-moving flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Klippel, 78, a retired police officer, said he didn't see much of a threat after receiving an automated call advising him to leave. That changed dramatically within an hour Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been so close to a fast-moving, ferocious fire. It was unbelievable,\" said Klippel, who later learned his house had caught fire. \"I almost didn't have time to get out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighborhoods of mobile homes were charred to their foundations. Gusty winds pushed the flames and smoke farther into drought-starved terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The forces of nature collided with a spark,\" Kern County Fire Chief Brian Marshall said. \"The mountainous terrain, five years of drought and wind gusts of over 20 mph all drove a fire over 11 miles in 13 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scorching heat and tinder-dry conditions across the West have contributed to massive wildfires in the past week that have destroyed properties and sent residents to seek shelter and hope for the best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Rogers was one of those who thought she'd never see her home or her brother's home again. Instead, she was lucky to find both standing in a neighborhood of mobile homes that was devastated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sure this place was gone last night,\" Rogers said through tears as she gestured at the destruction around her. \"I mean look at this, I can't believe it. It's like a scary movie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The downspout of her brother's home was melted on the ground, but the structure was intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of other homes were gone, left in piles of charred sheet metal and cinderblock foundations. Scorched tricycles, air conditioners and TV dishes littered the landscape. Burned-out cars sat on tireless rims and leafless trees poked from barren, blackened dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California blaze erupted quickly, putting some 1,500 homes in jeopardy. Three firefighters suffered from smoke inhalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews faced a \"firefight of epic proportions\" as they tried to protect neighborhoods, Marshall said. Officials said they expect to find many more homes destroyed as the smoke clears and they do a more thorough check of smoldering neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency, freeing up money and resources to fight the fire and cleanup its aftermath. It also temporarily suspends some state regulations and waives fees as a way to ease the return of evacuees and those who have lost homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dramatic video from Thursday night showed homes fully engulfed and others already gone as propane tanks flared up and popped. Flames glowing in the steep, rocky hillsides were reflected on the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents described a frantic flight from communities surrounding the lake, a dammed section of the Kern River that is a destination for boating, fishing, rafting, hiking and camping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cachet Kirby, 22, of Mount Mesa and her neighbors grabbed clothes, blankets and their dogs and fled through thick smoke as flames charged down the slopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was to the point you couldn't see, you couldn't breathe,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and others, exhausted Friday morning after little sleep in shelters and cars, were desperate for information about their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could have gotten lucky and the wind shifted, or our house could be burned down,\" Kirby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cellphone service was cut off in many areas, contributing to the anxieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very low humidity and gusty winds of up to 55 mph could worsen the blaze that broke out amid high temperatures and climbed over at least three ridges into hillside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been in a wildland fire where I've seen so many homes burn,\" Kern County fire Capt. Tyler Townsend said. \"It's one of the most devastating I've ever seen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study Backs Oakland's Case for Blocking Coal Terminal",
"title": "Study Backs Oakland's Case for Blocking Coal Terminal",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A new analysis of proposed coal shipments through a new West Oakland port complex largely supports the environmental and public health arguments of city officials and community groups fighting to stop the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council-commissioned report was released Friday, just days before members are scheduled to hold a public hearing and vote on an ordinance that would block shipments of coal through Oakland port facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report from Environmental Science Associates -- \u003ca href=\"#coalanalysis\">embedded below\u003c/a> -- weighs public and expert comment on coal shipments and concludes that coal dust from the millions of tons of the fossil fuel that could be shipped each year through a new bulk cargo terminal would worsen the already poor air quality in West Oakland and other nearby communities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the degraded air quality would impact largely low-income and minority neighborhoods that have already shown to be suffering harm, including disproportionate rates of respiratory and heart disease, from particulates and other pollutants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of coal shipments, including Oakland developer Phil Tagami, have argued that the facility slated for the old Oakland Army Base will be designed and built to minimize outside impacts. Among the measures outlined in \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/w/OAK054936\" target=\"_blank\">a September 2015 report\u003c/a> commissioned by Tagami's firm are covered rail cars, underground transfer compartments and enclosed conveyor systems for moving coal from trains to ships. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The developer's assessment, performed by consultant HDR Engineering, concluded that with such measures in place, the amount of coal dust emitted as part of the port's operation would be \"negligible\" and would not pose any risk to public health or the environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the ESA analysis flatly disagrees with HDR's conclusion because the proposed steps to limit coal dust either haven't been tried before or haven't been shown to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ESA's report also notes that coal dust could pose a threat to coal port workers and people working at or traveling through the Bay Bridge toll plaza, which is adjacent to the facility. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned $260 million complex, known formally as the \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal\u003c/a>, would be equipped to ship a total of 9 million metric tons of loose, non-containerized cargo every year. The company developing the facility, Oakland-based Terminal Logistics Solutions, says about half of that cargo total could be coal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project became the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">a dispute\u003c/a> last year between Mayor Libby Schaaf and Tagami, whose California Capital and Investment Group is the principal backer. Schaaf accused Tagami, who in 2013 had vowed no coal would be shipped through the new facility, of going back on his word and defying the \"public’s decree that we will not have coal shipped through our city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami and Terminal Logistics chief Jerry Bridges now say the only way the project pencils out financially is through the facility's ability to handle any legal cargo, including coal. The state of Utah, acting on behalf of four coal-producing counties that want to get their product to overseas markets, is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/22/author-of-utah-bill-to-help-advance-coal-through-oakland-dismisses-air-quality-concerns\" target=\"_blank\">set to invest\u003c/a> $53 million in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami has also suggested that Oakland officials are powerless to stop coal shipments through the terminal because its contract with developers does not specifically forbid handling fossil fuels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA report released Friday is just the latest analysis to find that coal shipments through the bulk cargo facility would degrade air quality in the area and pose a significant health threat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, City Councilman Dan Kalb released \u003ca href=\"http://oakland.legistar.com/gateway.aspx?M=F&ID=818d7d32-63fb-4cea-8851-d86ce52e5e33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> that concluded the movement of coal through the West Oakland terminal \"is likely to have serious and ongoing health effects and safety risks for residents, workers and others who live, work, and/or visit portions of Oakland and adjacent communities.\"\t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb, one of the sponsors of the ordinance to block coal shipments, commissioned the study by Zoë Chafe, a researcher at UC Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a panel of researchers working in collaboration with community health advocacy group Human Impact Partners came to \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanimpact.org/wp-content/uploads/Assessment_Health_Safety_Coal_Oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a similar conclusion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of coal shipments, including the San Francisco Bay Area chapter of the Sierra Club, also object to the longer-term impact of encouraging continued use of fossil fuels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April Thomas of the Sierra Club's Beyond Coal campaign said earlier this month that “California’s climate legacy is on the line here. We’ve worked very hard to make California a coal-free state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"coalanalysis\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/316668389/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-9zUrsUgGEklRdksXRwvi&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_29742\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new analysis of proposed coal shipments through a new West Oakland port complex largely supports the environmental and public health arguments of city officials and community groups fighting to stop the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council-commissioned report was released Friday, just days before members are scheduled to hold a public hearing and vote on an ordinance that would block shipments of coal through Oakland port facilities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report from Environmental Science Associates -- \u003ca href=\"#coalanalysis\">embedded below\u003c/a> -- weighs public and expert comment on coal shipments and concludes that coal dust from the millions of tons of the fossil fuel that could be shipped each year through a new bulk cargo terminal would worsen the already poor air quality in West Oakland and other nearby communities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the degraded air quality would impact largely low-income and minority neighborhoods that have already shown to be suffering harm, including disproportionate rates of respiratory and heart disease, from particulates and other pollutants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of coal shipments, including Oakland developer Phil Tagami, have argued that the facility slated for the old Oakland Army Base will be designed and built to minimize outside impacts. Among the measures outlined in \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/w/OAK054936\" target=\"_blank\">a September 2015 report\u003c/a> commissioned by Tagami's firm are covered rail cars, underground transfer compartments and enclosed conveyor systems for moving coal from trains to ships. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The developer's assessment, performed by consultant HDR Engineering, concluded that with such measures in place, the amount of coal dust emitted as part of the port's operation would be \"negligible\" and would not pose any risk to public health or the environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the ESA analysis flatly disagrees with HDR's conclusion because the proposed steps to limit coal dust either haven't been tried before or haven't been shown to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ESA's report also notes that coal dust could pose a threat to coal port workers and people working at or traveling through the Bay Bridge toll plaza, which is adjacent to the facility. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned $260 million complex, known formally as the \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal\u003c/a>, would be equipped to ship a total of 9 million metric tons of loose, non-containerized cargo every year. The company developing the facility, Oakland-based Terminal Logistics Solutions, says about half of that cargo total could be coal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project became the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">a dispute\u003c/a> last year between Mayor Libby Schaaf and Tagami, whose California Capital and Investment Group is the principal backer. Schaaf accused Tagami, who in 2013 had vowed no coal would be shipped through the new facility, of going back on his word and defying the \"public’s decree that we will not have coal shipped through our city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami and Terminal Logistics chief Jerry Bridges now say the only way the project pencils out financially is through the facility's ability to handle any legal cargo, including coal. The state of Utah, acting on behalf of four coal-producing counties that want to get their product to overseas markets, is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/22/author-of-utah-bill-to-help-advance-coal-through-oakland-dismisses-air-quality-concerns\" target=\"_blank\">set to invest\u003c/a> $53 million in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tagami has also suggested that Oakland officials are powerless to stop coal shipments through the terminal because its contract with developers does not specifically forbid handling fossil fuels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA report released Friday is just the latest analysis to find that coal shipments through the bulk cargo facility would degrade air quality in the area and pose a significant health threat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, City Councilman Dan Kalb released \u003ca href=\"http://oakland.legistar.com/gateway.aspx?M=F&ID=818d7d32-63fb-4cea-8851-d86ce52e5e33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> that concluded the movement of coal through the West Oakland terminal \"is likely to have serious and ongoing health effects and safety risks for residents, workers and others who live, work, and/or visit portions of Oakland and adjacent communities.\"\t\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb, one of the sponsors of the ordinance to block coal shipments, commissioned the study by Zoë Chafe, a researcher at UC Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a panel of researchers working in collaboration with community health advocacy group Human Impact Partners came to \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanimpact.org/wp-content/uploads/Assessment_Health_Safety_Coal_Oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a similar conclusion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of coal shipments, including the San Francisco Bay Area chapter of the Sierra Club, also object to the longer-term impact of encouraging continued use of fossil fuels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April Thomas of the Sierra Club's Beyond Coal campaign said earlier this month that “California’s climate legacy is on the line here. We’ve worked very hard to make California a coal-free state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"coalanalysis\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/316668389/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-9zUrsUgGEklRdksXRwvi&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_29742\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California lawmakers are proposing a nearly $3 billion November bond measure to pay for improvements at state and local parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say many local agencies cannot afford to maintain their outdoor spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly approved the measure Thursday on a 55-14 vote, with six Republicans joining Democrats in favor. The Senate must also approve it before June 30 for it to appear on the statewide ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would join a crowded ballot that is expected to include dozens of measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Parks and Recreation would oversee nearly $2 billion of the fund. The department came under fire in 2012 for hiding nearly $54 million during a budget crisis that threatened to close parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia of Coachella says he’s confident in the changes made since then.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California lawmakers are proposing a nearly $3 billion November bond measure to pay for improvements at state and local parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say many local agencies cannot afford to maintain their outdoor spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly approved the measure Thursday on a 55-14 vote, with six Republicans joining Democrats in favor. The Senate must also approve it before June 30 for it to appear on the statewide ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would join a crowded ballot that is expected to include dozens of measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Parks and Recreation would oversee nearly $2 billion of the fund. The department came under fire in 2012 for hiding nearly $54 million during a budget crisis that threatened to close parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oil Spill Releases Thousands of Gallons of Crude in Ventura",
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"content": "\u003carticle>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-content\">\n\u003cp>Thousands of gallons of crude oil spilled from a pipeline in Ventura Thursday, though emergency crews were able to stop the flow from going underground or reaching the ocean, fire officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was first reported to the Ventura County Fire Department at about 5:30 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The equivalent of about 700 barrels, or 29,400 gallons, were released in Hall Canyon at Grove Lane and flowed about a half-mile down an arroyo, according to Marisol Rodriguez, Ventura County Fire Department spokeswoman and firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials had earlier estimated up to 210,000 gallons had been released but revised the number down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez told KPCC the leak had been stopped but she could not say yet how that had been done. She said crews had begun cleanup operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the area had been alerted to the spill, but no evacuations were ordered and air quality was being monitored, Ventura County Fire Department spokesman Capt. Mike Lindbery said earlier via Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline belonged to Crimson Pipeline L.P. and was carrying oil from Aera Energy, Rodriguez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crimson Pipeline has taken responsibility for the spill, according to an incident report from the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crimson operates 615 miles of pipeline in California. Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration data show that, since 2006, the company has had 10 incidents, at least nine of which resulted in oil leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes a 2013 spill in Los Angeles of 510 barrels. All but 15 barrels of oil were recovered, but the spill caused $3.29 million in damage, according to the PHMSA data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has had four incidents in Ventura County dating back to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent came in December last year when 211 barrels spilled near Somis. In September, about 24 barrels spilled near Camarillo, according to the PHMSA data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PHMSA data do not show any federal inspections of Crimson Pipeline between 2006 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials planned to update the public on Thursday's spill at a noon press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill comes after another last year that released about 140,000 gallons of oil near the Santa Barbara Coast, some of it reaching the ocean and forming a slick that spread across miles of the Southern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/05/17/60711/company-says-it-s-been-indicted-in-santa-barbara-o/\">Plains All American Pipeline LP was indicted\u003c/a> for that spill, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/17/57690/feds-pipe-corrosion-led-to-santa-barbara-oil-spill/\">attributed to pipe corrosion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfooter class=\"contributor\">KPCC staff\u003c/footer>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003carticle>\n\u003cdiv class=\"article-content\">\n\u003cp>Thousands of gallons of crude oil spilled from a pipeline in Ventura Thursday, though emergency crews were able to stop the flow from going underground or reaching the ocean, fire officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was first reported to the Ventura County Fire Department at about 5:30 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The equivalent of about 700 barrels, or 29,400 gallons, were released in Hall Canyon at Grove Lane and flowed about a half-mile down an arroyo, according to Marisol Rodriguez, Ventura County Fire Department spokeswoman and firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials had earlier estimated up to 210,000 gallons had been released but revised the number down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez told KPCC the leak had been stopped but she could not say yet how that had been done. She said crews had begun cleanup operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the area had been alerted to the spill, but no evacuations were ordered and air quality was being monitored, Ventura County Fire Department spokesman Capt. Mike Lindbery said earlier via Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline belonged to Crimson Pipeline L.P. and was carrying oil from Aera Energy, Rodriguez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crimson Pipeline has taken responsibility for the spill, according to an incident report from the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crimson operates 615 miles of pipeline in California. Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration data show that, since 2006, the company has had 10 incidents, at least nine of which resulted in oil leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes a 2013 spill in Los Angeles of 510 barrels. All but 15 barrels of oil were recovered, but the spill caused $3.29 million in damage, according to the PHMSA data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has had four incidents in Ventura County dating back to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent came in December last year when 211 barrels spilled near Somis. In September, about 24 barrels spilled near Camarillo, according to the PHMSA data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PHMSA data do not show any federal inspections of Crimson Pipeline between 2006 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials planned to update the public on Thursday's spill at a noon press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill comes after another last year that released about 140,000 gallons of oil near the Santa Barbara Coast, some of it reaching the ocean and forming a slick that spread across miles of the Southern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/05/17/60711/company-says-it-s-been-indicted-in-santa-barbara-o/\">Plains All American Pipeline LP was indicted\u003c/a> for that spill, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/17/57690/feds-pipe-corrosion-led-to-santa-barbara-oil-spill/\">attributed to pipe corrosion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfooter class=\"contributor\">KPCC staff\u003c/footer>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Firefighters Wrangle With Dead Trees",
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"content": "\u003cp>With drought and climate change conspiring to push California’s summer wildfire season into premature overdrive, the state’s lead wildfire agency has acquired a multimillion dollar arsenal to help it cope with unprecedented numbers of dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California recently bought $6 million worth of chippers, mobile sawmills, portable incinerators and other equipment to help its firefighters remove some of the nearly 30 million trees that now stand dead across the state, killed by drought and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”srl1sitSyRbHBEYZziS1xACfvmC3MvLx”]The equipment is being used as parched southern California landscapes explode in the types of summertime flames that wouldn’t normally be expected until August. Grasses that fattened up following winter storms in central and northern California are expected to fuel major blazes in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time that goes by, the dryer the fuels are going to become,” said Tom Rolinski, a U.S. Forest Service meteorologist who \u003ca href=\"http://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks/outlooks.htm\">forecasts fire conditions\u003c/a> in southern California. “As this summer unfolds and we get into the August and September timeframes, the fuels are going to be that much dryer, and we’re probably going to see more intense fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, normally called CAL FIRE, which is charged with protecting tens of millions of acres of mostly private land, responded to about 250 fires last week — an unusually large number for mid-June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, CAL FIRE was working with other agencies to try to contain \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/winds-hot-temps-fuel-fast-moving-fires-southern/story?id=40013024\">two major blazes\u003c/a> in southern California as firefighters in other southwestern states also battled big fires amid \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/news/southwest-plains-to-roast-in-potentially-historic-heat-wave\">record-breaking heat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are being fueled by droughts exacerbated by warming temperatures, which scientists have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-bully-california-drought-19354\">linked to climate change\u003c/a> and to the natural \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">whims of the weather\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Warming causes fuels to be drier than they would otherwise be,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, who researches ecology and climate change at Columbia’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “Whether that corresponds to a large area burned for California this year will depend on human activities and individual weather events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as firefighters in California toil to battle the extraordinary blazes, they’re being forced to deal with another extraordinary phenomenon: the widespread \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/california-fire-burners-battle-dead-tree-epidemic-39970342\">dying of trees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 million trees across the state are estimated to have died, succumbing to attacks by beetles because of the weakening effects of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the drought that sort of sets it off, and then it lets the beetles get out of hand,” said \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/rbales/\">Roger Bales\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared an emergency in the fall because of the unprecedented die-offs, helping to free up funds needed to remove and dispose of some of them. CAL FIRE hired hundreds of seasonal workers early this year to help remove dead trees and clear out other potential fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ecologists value dead trees as natural assets that provide holes and logs needed by wildlife, firefighters view them as safety hazards that can crash down on roads, power lines and homes and that could potentially fuel bigger blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “scale of this tree die-off is unprecedented in modern history,” Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/10.30.15_Tree_Mortality_State_of_Emergency.pdf\">emergency declaration stated\u003c/a>, worsening wildfire risks and erosion threats and creating “life safety risks from falling trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of ecologists formally objected to the emergency declaration, \u003ca href=\"http://johnmuirproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ScientistLetter2GovBrownRE2015Snags4Feb16.pdf\">arguing in a letter\u003c/a> to Brown that dead trees are natural and necessary parts of Californian landscapes. They pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/wildfires-tied-to-drought-heat-topography-not-beetles-18817\">growing body of research\u003c/a> downplaying the wildfire hazards posed by trees killed by beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those ecologists, \u003ca href=\"http://johnmuirproject.org/about-us/\">Chad Hanson\u003c/a>, director of a small California nonprofit, says he agrees that dead trees that pose falling hazards should be removed. But he said trunks should be left on the ground to provide habitat instead of being incinerated or removed. “Once you fell the trees, they’re no longer a hazard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summertime fires in California cause less property damage than the fires that are fanned by dry Santa Ana winds in the fall and winter, but they sap more firefighting resources, \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094005\">research published last year\u003c/a> showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really trying to figure out how fires will change in southern California in the future,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=4971\">James Randerson\u003c/a>, a University of California, Irvine earth scientist who contributed to the study. “What we realized early on is that there are two distinct fire types.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the effects of climate change on Santa Ana winds fires remain riddled with uncertainty, scientists are generally convinced that the parching effects of global warming will lead to bigger, longer and more damaging summertime blazes in California — if they aren’t already doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suggests the intense and early summer fire seasons in this and other recent drought-stricken years may have been less an aberration and more a bellwether of something that CAL FIRE officials frequently describe as a “new normal” for firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more greenhouse gas pollution piling into the atmosphere daily, continuing to warm the planet toward a 2°F increase from preindustrial times, and with warmer weather exacerbating droughts, mass tree die-offs could become routine features of Western landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only would that eliminate or shrink some forests, driving them northward or uphill toward cooler climates, it could also force increasingly overworked firefighting agencies to juggle the additional routine task of managing dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CAL FIRE is focusing its tree removal efforts in areas where most trees have died and where the dead trees pose the most immediate dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re focused on high hazard areas with the greatest threat to life safety and critical infrastructure,” CAL FIRE spokeswoman Janet Upton said. “There are literally hundreds of thousands of acres, and growing, affected by the unprecedented scope and magnitude of tree mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With drought and climate change conspiring to push California’s summer wildfire season into premature overdrive, the state’s lead wildfire agency has acquired a multimillion dollar arsenal to help it cope with unprecedented numbers of dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California recently bought $6 million worth of chippers, mobile sawmills, portable incinerators and other equipment to help its firefighters remove some of the nearly 30 million trees that now stand dead across the state, killed by drought and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The equipment is being used as parched southern California landscapes explode in the types of summertime flames that wouldn’t normally be expected until August. Grasses that fattened up following winter storms in central and northern California are expected to fuel major blazes in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time that goes by, the dryer the fuels are going to become,” said Tom Rolinski, a U.S. Forest Service meteorologist who \u003ca href=\"http://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks/outlooks.htm\">forecasts fire conditions\u003c/a> in southern California. “As this summer unfolds and we get into the August and September timeframes, the fuels are going to be that much dryer, and we’re probably going to see more intense fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, normally called CAL FIRE, which is charged with protecting tens of millions of acres of mostly private land, responded to about 250 fires last week — an unusually large number for mid-June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, CAL FIRE was working with other agencies to try to contain \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/winds-hot-temps-fuel-fast-moving-fires-southern/story?id=40013024\">two major blazes\u003c/a> in southern California as firefighters in other southwestern states also battled big fires amid \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/news/southwest-plains-to-roast-in-potentially-historic-heat-wave\">record-breaking heat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are being fueled by droughts exacerbated by warming temperatures, which scientists have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-bully-california-drought-19354\">linked to climate change\u003c/a> and to the natural \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">whims of the weather\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Warming causes fuels to be drier than they would otherwise be,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, who researches ecology and climate change at Columbia’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “Whether that corresponds to a large area burned for California this year will depend on human activities and individual weather events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as firefighters in California toil to battle the extraordinary blazes, they’re being forced to deal with another extraordinary phenomenon: the widespread \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/california-fire-burners-battle-dead-tree-epidemic-39970342\">dying of trees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 million trees across the state are estimated to have died, succumbing to attacks by beetles because of the weakening effects of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the drought that sort of sets it off, and then it lets the beetles get out of hand,” said \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/rbales/\">Roger Bales\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared an emergency in the fall because of the unprecedented die-offs, helping to free up funds needed to remove and dispose of some of them. CAL FIRE hired hundreds of seasonal workers early this year to help remove dead trees and clear out other potential fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ecologists value dead trees as natural assets that provide holes and logs needed by wildlife, firefighters view them as safety hazards that can crash down on roads, power lines and homes and that could potentially fuel bigger blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “scale of this tree die-off is unprecedented in modern history,” Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/10.30.15_Tree_Mortality_State_of_Emergency.pdf\">emergency declaration stated\u003c/a>, worsening wildfire risks and erosion threats and creating “life safety risks from falling trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of ecologists formally objected to the emergency declaration, \u003ca href=\"http://johnmuirproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ScientistLetter2GovBrownRE2015Snags4Feb16.pdf\">arguing in a letter\u003c/a> to Brown that dead trees are natural and necessary parts of Californian landscapes. They pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/wildfires-tied-to-drought-heat-topography-not-beetles-18817\">growing body of research\u003c/a> downplaying the wildfire hazards posed by trees killed by beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those ecologists, \u003ca href=\"http://johnmuirproject.org/about-us/\">Chad Hanson\u003c/a>, director of a small California nonprofit, says he agrees that dead trees that pose falling hazards should be removed. But he said trunks should be left on the ground to provide habitat instead of being incinerated or removed. “Once you fell the trees, they’re no longer a hazard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summertime fires in California cause less property damage than the fires that are fanned by dry Santa Ana winds in the fall and winter, but they sap more firefighting resources, \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094005\">research published last year\u003c/a> showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really trying to figure out how fires will change in southern California in the future,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=4971\">James Randerson\u003c/a>, a University of California, Irvine earth scientist who contributed to the study. “What we realized early on is that there are two distinct fire types.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the effects of climate change on Santa Ana winds fires remain riddled with uncertainty, scientists are generally convinced that the parching effects of global warming will lead to bigger, longer and more damaging summertime blazes in California — if they aren’t already doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suggests the intense and early summer fire seasons in this and other recent drought-stricken years may have been less an aberration and more a bellwether of something that CAL FIRE officials frequently describe as a “new normal” for firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more greenhouse gas pollution piling into the atmosphere daily, continuing to warm the planet toward a 2°F increase from preindustrial times, and with warmer weather exacerbating droughts, mass tree die-offs could become routine features of Western landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only would that eliminate or shrink some forests, driving them northward or uphill toward cooler climates, it could also force increasingly overworked firefighting agencies to juggle the additional routine task of managing dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CAL FIRE is focusing its tree removal efforts in areas where most trees have died and where the dead trees pose the most immediate dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re focused on high hazard areas with the greatest threat to life safety and critical infrastructure,” CAL FIRE spokeswoman Janet Upton said. “There are literally hundreds of thousands of acres, and growing, affected by the unprecedented scope and magnitude of tree mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Weather Helps Fire Crews Battling Southern California Blazes, for Now",
"title": "Weather Helps Fire Crews Battling Southern California Blazes, for Now",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Cooler, wetter weather gave at least some temporary help Wednesday to crews battling dangerous wildfires in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Gabriel Complex Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improved weather in the aftermath of a severe heat wave allowed firefighters to make progress against two fires in the steep San Gabriel Mountains 20 miles northeast of Los Angeles. Some evacuations below in the foothill city of Duarte were being lifted, but the calm was not expected to last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will have stronger winds, so it could push the fire,\" incident commander Mike Wakoski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expected gusts of up to 25 mph in the afternoon and evening, posing additional problems for hundreds of firefighters attacking the flames. A fleet of helicopters, air tankers and other resources are helping fight the fires, totaling about 7.5 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/san-gabriel-complex-fire-los-angeles-county/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're starting to make good progress, but there's a lot of line to put in, and it's in a real inaccessible area,\" Wakoski said. \"It's very hard for the firefighters to engage the fire safely, but they are out there doing so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No homes have been lost, though flames have come close at times. More than 700 homes were ordered evacuated earlier this week, but it was not immediately clear how many were cleared for return Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Border Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the Mexican border, a wildfire that forced the evacuation of some 600 homes about 40 miles southeast of San Diego grew to 6,500 acres and is only 15 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant said Wednesday morning that two homes and 11 outbuildings have been destroyed, with one other home damaged and 1,000 structures threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10998068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10998068 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"Firemen work to contain the Border Fire in eastern San Diego County on June 21, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters-800x521.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters-1180x769.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/BorderFireFighters-960x626.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters work to contain the Border Fire in eastern San Diego County on June 21, 2016. \u003ccite>(BILL WECHTER/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Falling temperatures, rising humidity and cloud cover has helped, said Capt. Kendal Bortisser of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. But firefighters still must deal with rough terrain and vegetation that has not burned in decades, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAL_FIRE/status/745613445735714816\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/border-fire-san-diego-county-2016/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Improved weather after a severe heat wave allowed firefighters to make progress against two fires in the steep San Gabriel Mountains, and another near the Mexican border.",
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"description": "Improved weather after a severe heat wave allowed firefighters to make progress against two fires in the steep San Gabriel Mountains, and another near the Mexican border.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Cooler, wetter weather gave at least some temporary help Wednesday to crews battling dangerous wildfires in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Gabriel Complex Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improved weather in the aftermath of a severe heat wave allowed firefighters to make progress against two fires in the steep San Gabriel Mountains 20 miles northeast of Los Angeles. Some evacuations below in the foothill city of Duarte were being lifted, but the calm was not expected to last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will have stronger winds, so it could push the fire,\" incident commander Mike Wakoski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expected gusts of up to 25 mph in the afternoon and evening, posing additional problems for hundreds of firefighters attacking the flames. A fleet of helicopters, air tankers and other resources are helping fight the fires, totaling about 7.5 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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