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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Owners and employees of the century-old dairy farm near Petaluma where a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/20/smoke-from-massive-hay-fire-sent-into-marin-and-sonoma-counties\" target=\"_blank\">massive fire\u003c/a> Wednesday burned more than 500 tons of hay are dealing with the damage in the midst of tough times for the North Bay's dairy industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk prices are down thanks to a global oversupply of the product, and finding quality hay in California is not easy thanks to the ongoing drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is a huge setback for Moreda Valley Dairy, said the company's general manager, Stephanie Arend, a fifth-generation dairy farmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anytime you lose something like that it becomes a big problem for us farmers,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire not only burned an extreme amount of hay, but it also heavily damaged the company's barn. The blaze caused an estimated $250,000 in damage, according to the Wilmar Fire Department. Arend wasn't sure how much of the damage would be covered by insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire on Chileno Valley Road near the Sonoma-Marin County border started around 2 a.m. on Wednesday. It sent smoke into different parts of the two counties for hours, prompting local air regulators to advise people nearby to close their windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County fire officials announced Thursday morning that the fire appeared to be caused by \"spontaneous combustion.\" The statement released by the county did not provide more details but did explain that things prone to spontaneous combustion -- when materials get hotter without drawing heat from their surroundings -- include oily rags, hay and other agricultural products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters worked Wednesday and Thursday to put out the fire that heavily damaged the barn. They also removed all of the alfalfa hay from the facility, according to county fire spokesman Brennt Blaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arend is now struggling to find new food for the farm's 500 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We lost quite a bit of hay, which is unfortunate because right now it's difficult to find really good hay,\" she said. Farmers, even before the drought, have to spend a lot of time finding, testing and bringing in hay, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good hay means good nutrition -- happy healthy cows,\" Arend said. \"So, we just lost out on all that big time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Bay's dairy industry has been hit hard in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conventional milk prices are the lowest they've been in a decade and those decreases are being felt in organic dairies like Moreda Valley, according to Doug Baretta, the owner/operator of Santa Rosa's Baretta Dairy and a member of the Sonoma County Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price of organic milk is down 10 to 15 percent, prompting some creameries to ask producers in the last two months to reduce their production, Baretta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several dairy farms in the North Bay recently closed down, following a broader trend seen around the state. Baretta said California has lost around 500 dairies in the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baretta knows a little of what the workers at the Moreda Valley Dairy are going through. In October of 1972 a barn fire at Baretta Dairy burned 850 tons of hay.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Supreme Court Ruling Clears Hurdle For Delta Water Project",
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"content": "\u003cp>California officials don't have to pay property owners to access their land and decide whether to move forward with a $15.7 billion plan to build two giant water tunnels that would supply drinking water for cities and irrigation for farmers, the California Supreme Court ruled unanimously Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landowners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> in Central California had demanded payment for thousands of acres the state sought for pre-project testing, which would have added millions of dollars to the cost of the tunnels project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said being forced to rent the land for testing would have also set a dangerous precedent that would have driven up the costs of other California public works projects and made some of them too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S217738.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">ruled\u003c/a> 7-0 in the state's favor, giving Gov. Jerry Brown a major victory in his fight to build the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insisted the tests would not significantly interfere with or damage the land, and that the state should be required to compensate landowners only for any actual damage or interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners said the tests the state plans to conduct on their land will be lengthy and invasive and constitute an occupation of their property. While the ruling specified no rent payments are required, it did affirm that landowners could seek and get compensation if they can show the pre-testing damages their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court said you get damages, forget about occupancy,\" said Norman Matteoni, an attorney for one of the landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matteoni said the landowners are considering whether to appeal the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project would run four-story-high twin pipes underground for 35 miles and eventually pull thousands of gallons of water a second from a stretch of the Sacramento River to cities and farms to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say the project would ensure a more reliable water supply and protect fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend it would jeopardize delta farming and destroy vital \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/30/why-californias-largest-estuary-no-longer-works-for-wildlife/\" target=\"_blank\">wildlife\u003c/a> habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing involves access to about 150 properties covering tens of thousands of acres in San Joaquin, Contra Costa, Solano, Sacramento and Yolo counties, state officials said in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental testing includes trapping wild animals and taking soil samples. For geological testing, experts would bore holes up to 8 inches in diameter and 205 feet into the ground. The holes would be filled after the testing is completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the Property Reserve Inc. landowner said in court documents that the preliminary project work would destroy crops and disrupt fertilizer and pesticide use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An appeals court in a 2-1 ruling two years ago sided with property owners, saying the testing constituted \"taking\" of private property. That court said that under California's state constitution, the property owners were entitled to a determination of the market value of the property rights the state was acquiring for the project.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials don't have to pay property owners to access their land and decide whether to move forward with a $15.7 billion plan to build two giant water tunnels that would supply drinking water for cities and irrigation for farmers, the California Supreme Court ruled unanimously Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landowners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> in Central California had demanded payment for thousands of acres the state sought for pre-project testing, which would have added millions of dollars to the cost of the tunnels project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said being forced to rent the land for testing would have also set a dangerous precedent that would have driven up the costs of other California public works projects and made some of them too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S217738.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">ruled\u003c/a> 7-0 in the state's favor, giving Gov. Jerry Brown a major victory in his fight to build the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials insisted the tests would not significantly interfere with or damage the land, and that the state should be required to compensate landowners only for any actual damage or interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners said the tests the state plans to conduct on their land will be lengthy and invasive and constitute an occupation of their property. While the ruling specified no rent payments are required, it did affirm that landowners could seek and get compensation if they can show the pre-testing damages their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court said you get damages, forget about occupancy,\" said Norman Matteoni, an attorney for one of the landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matteoni said the landowners are considering whether to appeal the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project would run four-story-high twin pipes underground for 35 miles and eventually pull thousands of gallons of water a second from a stretch of the Sacramento River to cities and farms to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say the project would ensure a more reliable water supply and protect fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend it would jeopardize delta farming and destroy vital \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/30/why-californias-largest-estuary-no-longer-works-for-wildlife/\" target=\"_blank\">wildlife\u003c/a> habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing involves access to about 150 properties covering tens of thousands of acres in San Joaquin, Contra Costa, Solano, Sacramento and Yolo counties, state officials said in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental testing includes trapping wild animals and taking soil samples. For geological testing, experts would bore holes up to 8 inches in diameter and 205 feet into the ground. The holes would be filled after the testing is completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the Property Reserve Inc. landowner said in court documents that the preliminary project work would destroy crops and disrupt fertilizer and pesticide use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An appeals court in a 2-1 ruling two years ago sided with property owners, saying the testing constituted \"taking\" of private property. That court said that under California's state constitution, the property owners were entitled to a determination of the market value of the property rights the state was acquiring for the project.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Soon, scientists will be luring in California pigeons with insect larvae and corn to capture, then test the birds for lead exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Davis\u003c/a> assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.rebeccacalisi.org/Rebecca_Calisi_Research/People.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Calisi\u003c/a> has long believed that pigeons, who walk the same streets, breathe the same air and often eat the same food as we do, were ideal indicators for lead poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2010 to 2015, Calisi studied data on 825 pigeons in New York City and discovered that elevated lead levels in the birds corresponded with high lead levels for children living in the same areas. The findings are published this week in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653516308864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chemosphere\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lead is in our environment, it’s dangerous, and not all places are testing for it in children.’\u003ccite>Rebecca Calisi, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead is a concern because it can cause irreversible neurological damage to kids who are still developing and there is no safe blood level in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least four million U.S. households include children who are exposed to high levels of lead, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. And unless kids have government-backed health care, testing \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/lead-exposure/Pages/Detection-of-Lead-Poisoning.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR:+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isn’t required\u003c/a> by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lead is in our environment, it’s dangerous, and not all places are testing for it in children,” says Calisi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains that urban pigeons could predict a child’s risk for lead poisoning, not just in New York, but in major cities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes during a time of heightened concern about childhood exposure to lead following the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water crisis in Flint, Michigan \u003c/a>and a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/lead-poisoning-testing-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters investigation\u003c/a> showing a majority of Medicaid-eligible children weren’t tested for lead exposure in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi conducted the research with undergraduate student Fayme Cai while Calisi was an assistant professor at Barnard College in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two analyzed data from sick and injured pigeons treated at the non-profit Wild Bird Fund. The wildlife staff tested the birds for lead exposure and recorded the zip codes where the birds were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi compared the pigeon data with thousands of childhood lead test results from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found that neighborhoods where children had higher blood lead levels — 10 micrograms per deciliter or above — corresponded with the same neighborhoods where the pigeons were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the results varied by neighborhood. Birds in Soho and Greenwich Village had almost double the levels of lead as pigeons in the Bronx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi says this could be because Manhattan is more heavily trafficked, and still has lead particulate on roadways from a bygone era of leaded gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, some older houses are covered in lead paint, and lead dust can collect on roads, sidewalks and alleys. It can leach into the ground or contaminate nearby waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticides, fire retardants and other chemicals are also worth tracking, says Calisi who will now study pollutants in San Francisco, Sacramento and agricultural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her team will set traps with “goodies” like corn and grubs, take blood samples and then release the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi said her team is still determining which pesticides and heavy metals are feasible to analyze.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Soon, scientists will be luring in California pigeons with insect larvae and corn to capture, then test the birds for lead exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Davis\u003c/a> assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.rebeccacalisi.org/Rebecca_Calisi_Research/People.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Calisi\u003c/a> has long believed that pigeons, who walk the same streets, breathe the same air and often eat the same food as we do, were ideal indicators for lead poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2010 to 2015, Calisi studied data on 825 pigeons in New York City and discovered that elevated lead levels in the birds corresponded with high lead levels for children living in the same areas. The findings are published this week in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653516308864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chemosphere\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lead is in our environment, it’s dangerous, and not all places are testing for it in children.’\u003ccite>Rebecca Calisi, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead is a concern because it can cause irreversible neurological damage to kids who are still developing and there is no safe blood level in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least four million U.S. households include children who are exposed to high levels of lead, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. And unless kids have government-backed health care, testing \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/lead-exposure/Pages/Detection-of-Lead-Poisoning.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR:+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isn’t required\u003c/a> by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lead is in our environment, it’s dangerous, and not all places are testing for it in children,” says Calisi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains that urban pigeons could predict a child’s risk for lead poisoning, not just in New York, but in major cities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes during a time of heightened concern about childhood exposure to lead following the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water crisis in Flint, Michigan \u003c/a>and a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/lead-poisoning-testing-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters investigation\u003c/a> showing a majority of Medicaid-eligible children weren’t tested for lead exposure in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi conducted the research with undergraduate student Fayme Cai while Calisi was an assistant professor at Barnard College in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two analyzed data from sick and injured pigeons treated at the non-profit Wild Bird Fund. The wildlife staff tested the birds for lead exposure and recorded the zip codes where the birds were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi compared the pigeon data with thousands of childhood lead test results from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found that neighborhoods where children had higher blood lead levels — 10 micrograms per deciliter or above — corresponded with the same neighborhoods where the pigeons were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the results varied by neighborhood. Birds in Soho and Greenwich Village had almost double the levels of lead as pigeons in the Bronx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi says this could be because Manhattan is more heavily trafficked, and still has lead particulate on roadways from a bygone era of leaded gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, some older houses are covered in lead paint, and lead dust can collect on roads, sidewalks and alleys. It can leach into the ground or contaminate nearby waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticides, fire retardants and other chemicals are also worth tracking, says Calisi who will now study pollutants in San Francisco, Sacramento and agricultural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her team will set traps with “goodies” like corn and grubs, take blood samples and then release the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calisi said her team is still determining which pesticides and heavy metals are feasible to analyze.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County is now the first Bay Area county to ban fracking, and supporters say it could have a domino effect across the region and the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County supervisors unanimously approved the ban at their Tuesday meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is the process of extracting oil and gas from the earth using high-pressure water mixtures. Activists have raised concerns that it could cause environmental damage such as groundwater contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am deeply relieved that the Board of Supervisors passed the fracking ban,\" anti-fracking activist Karen White said in a statement issued after Tuesday's vote. \"We've taken a step that will protect everyone in Alameda County, especially our children and grandchildren, from toxic chemicals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s lone oil generator, E&B Natural Resources, doesn’t use the controversial oil extraction technique in Alameda County, and company leaders said they don't plan to. But supporters say the ban is both preventative and symbolic of the county’s stance on environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban comes after the county reached a compromise with E&B.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company raised concerns that a draft version of the ordinance would make it difficult to dispose of wastewater and to use dilute acid in routine maintenance, and would make it costly and difficult to prove it didn't violate the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B declined to comment on the Alameda County ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Wilma Chan said that as more counties adopt bans, the state Legislature could face increased pressure to stop fracking statewide, even as Gov. Jerry Brown has said he doesn't support outlawing the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature, which represents different areas that have banned fracking, will pay attention to this,” Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>’s Ella Teevan, the ban in Alameda County is part of a larger cooperative movement across the state that has a clear end game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the immediate term, [the bans] are protecting local residents' water and their health,” Teevan said. “In the long term, they’re building momentum and building power of folks across the state who are saying, 'We won’t settle for anything less than a ban,' and that’s really going to be a huge thing to show the governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda is the state's fifth county to outlaw fracking. Voters in Monterey County will decide on a possible ban this November.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Alameda is now fifth county in California to outlaw this technique. Supporters say it could have a domino effect across the region and the state.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alameda County is now the first Bay Area county to ban fracking, and supporters say it could have a domino effect across the region and the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County supervisors unanimously approved the ban at their Tuesday meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is the process of extracting oil and gas from the earth using high-pressure water mixtures. Activists have raised concerns that it could cause environmental damage such as groundwater contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am deeply relieved that the Board of Supervisors passed the fracking ban,\" anti-fracking activist Karen White said in a statement issued after Tuesday's vote. \"We've taken a step that will protect everyone in Alameda County, especially our children and grandchildren, from toxic chemicals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s lone oil generator, E&B Natural Resources, doesn’t use the controversial oil extraction technique in Alameda County, and company leaders said they don't plan to. But supporters say the ban is both preventative and symbolic of the county’s stance on environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban comes after the county reached a compromise with E&B.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company raised concerns that a draft version of the ordinance would make it difficult to dispose of wastewater and to use dilute acid in routine maintenance, and would make it costly and difficult to prove it didn't violate the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B declined to comment on the Alameda County ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Wilma Chan said that as more counties adopt bans, the state Legislature could face increased pressure to stop fracking statewide, even as Gov. Jerry Brown has said he doesn't support outlawing the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature, which represents different areas that have banned fracking, will pay attention to this,” Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>’s Ella Teevan, the ban in Alameda County is part of a larger cooperative movement across the state that has a clear end game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the immediate term, [the bans] are protecting local residents' water and their health,” Teevan said. “In the long term, they’re building momentum and building power of folks across the state who are saying, 'We won’t settle for anything less than a ban,' and that’s really going to be a huge thing to show the governor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda is the state's fifth county to outlaw fracking. Voters in Monterey County will decide on a possible ban this November.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Smoke From Massive Hay Fire Sent Into Marin and Sonoma Counties",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:45 p.m. Wednesday, July 20:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of at least six fire agencies are battling flames at a dairy farm west of Petaluma that is burning an estimated 400 tons of alfalfa hay and is expected to take several days to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire at Moreda Valley Dairy on Chileno Valley Road in the Wilmar area near the Sonoma-Marin County border started around 2 a.m., fire officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's quite a large fire and it's not something that goes out really easy,\" said Mike Mickelson, chief of the Wilmar Fire Department. \"We're expecting it to put smoke out for quite a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is technically contained but firefighters are expected to work to extinguish it for the next two to three days, said Brentt Blaser, a Sonoma County Fire and Emergency Services spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke from the fire stretched from the Petaluma Valley to the northern edge of Novato, Mickelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11025775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11025775\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-800x479.png\" alt=\"The location of the fire at Moreda Valley Dairy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-800x479.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-400x240.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-1180x707.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-960x575.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM.png 1634w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The location of the fire at Moreda Valley Dairy. \u003ccite>(Via Google Maps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds from the west are expected to increase from 10 to 20 mph in that area this afternoon and could send smoke eastward, said National Weather Service forecaster Steve Anderson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns over the smoke have prompted the Wilmar Fire Department to advise people not to call 911 unless they see active fire or have another emergency, according to \u003ca href=\"http://wilmarfire.com/\" target=\"_blank\">a message posted on the agency's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air district officials are looking into the blaze. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District sent an inspector to the area, according to agency spokeswoman Lisa Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district advised residents who live and work near the fire to close their windows and doors and set their air-conditioning units on \"recirculate\" to prevent smoke from being drawn into their homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with respiratory conditions who feel impacted by the smoke should move to an area that is upwind or outside the smoke path until the smoke dissipates and the fire is out, Fasano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire, which is under investigation, did not injure anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the Wilmar Fire Department, firefighters with the Sonoma County, Marin County, Rancho Adobe and Lakeville fire departments, as well as Cal Fire, are on scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreda Valley Dairy is a large operation. Hundreds of cows at the facility were not near the hay storage facility that caught fire, Mickelson said. A company representative did not immediately return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the concerns is that it's right next to rolling hills, and if an ember gets on that we'll have a vegetation fire,\" Mickelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report was updated to include comments by a Bay Area Air Quality Management District representative.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:45 p.m. Wednesday, July 20:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of at least six fire agencies are battling flames at a dairy farm west of Petaluma that is burning an estimated 400 tons of alfalfa hay and is expected to take several days to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire at Moreda Valley Dairy on Chileno Valley Road in the Wilmar area near the Sonoma-Marin County border started around 2 a.m., fire officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's quite a large fire and it's not something that goes out really easy,\" said Mike Mickelson, chief of the Wilmar Fire Department. \"We're expecting it to put smoke out for quite a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is technically contained but firefighters are expected to work to extinguish it for the next two to three days, said Brentt Blaser, a Sonoma County Fire and Emergency Services spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke from the fire stretched from the Petaluma Valley to the northern edge of Novato, Mickelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11025775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11025775\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-800x479.png\" alt=\"The location of the fire at Moreda Valley Dairy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-800x479.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-400x240.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-1180x707.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM-960x575.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-20-at-9.50.18-AM.png 1634w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The location of the fire at Moreda Valley Dairy. \u003ccite>(Via Google Maps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds from the west are expected to increase from 10 to 20 mph in that area this afternoon and could send smoke eastward, said National Weather Service forecaster Steve Anderson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns over the smoke have prompted the Wilmar Fire Department to advise people not to call 911 unless they see active fire or have another emergency, according to \u003ca href=\"http://wilmarfire.com/\" target=\"_blank\">a message posted on the agency's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air district officials are looking into the blaze. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District sent an inspector to the area, according to agency spokeswoman Lisa Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district advised residents who live and work near the fire to close their windows and doors and set their air-conditioning units on \"recirculate\" to prevent smoke from being drawn into their homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with respiratory conditions who feel impacted by the smoke should move to an area that is upwind or outside the smoke path until the smoke dissipates and the fire is out, Fasano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire, which is under investigation, did not injure anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the Wilmar Fire Department, firefighters with the Sonoma County, Marin County, Rancho Adobe and Lakeville fire departments, as well as Cal Fire, are on scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreda Valley Dairy is a large operation. Hundreds of cows at the facility were not near the hay storage facility that caught fire, Mickelson said. A company representative did not immediately return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the concerns is that it's right next to rolling hills, and if an ember gets on that we'll have a vegetation fire,\" Mickelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report was updated to include comments by a Bay Area Air Quality Management District representative.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Officials now say a broken pipe near downtown Los Angeles released as much as 1.5 million gallons of sewage into the L.A. River on Monday, prompting health officials in Long Beach and Seal Beach to shut ocean access to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials had earlier estimated that about 100,000 gallons of sewage were released into the L.A. River and were emptying into the ocean 22 miles away in Long Beach, where the river terminates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long Beach officials learned of the spill in the late afternoon, according to Nelson Kerr with the Long Beach Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is unfortunate. We’ve really had excellent water quality for the last six or seven years here, and we don’t like to see this kind of thing. But we’ll handle it and get through it, and as soon as the water’s safe we’ll have folks swimming again,” Kerr told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the sewage that flowed from the pipe in the downtown Los Angeles area is anything that goes down the toilet or sink. He said the spill was stopped by about 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are testing the water and expect lab results by Wednesday, Kerr said, noting that beaches could reopen by Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill started when the top of a sewer pipe collapsed about 2 p.m. at Sixth Street and Mission Road, according to the Los Angeles Department of Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debris from the broken pipe fell in and blocked the flow of sewage, which began to overflow into the surrounding area, the department said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s acting health officer, Dr. Mauro Torno, issued the order to close all coastal beaches until lab tests indicate the water is safe for swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone planning to visit the beaches can call the city’s water hotline at 562–570–4199 for the latest information on water quality or visit the department’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated. It was originally published on Monday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Officials now say a broken pipe near downtown Los Angeles released as much as 1.5 million gallons of sewage into the L.A. River on Monday, prompting health officials in Long Beach and Seal Beach to shut ocean access to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials had earlier estimated that about 100,000 gallons of sewage were released into the L.A. River and were emptying into the ocean 22 miles away in Long Beach, where the river terminates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long Beach officials learned of the spill in the late afternoon, according to Nelson Kerr with the Long Beach Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is unfortunate. We’ve really had excellent water quality for the last six or seven years here, and we don’t like to see this kind of thing. But we’ll handle it and get through it, and as soon as the water’s safe we’ll have folks swimming again,” Kerr told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the sewage that flowed from the pipe in the downtown Los Angeles area is anything that goes down the toilet or sink. He said the spill was stopped by about 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are testing the water and expect lab results by Wednesday, Kerr said, noting that beaches could reopen by Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill started when the top of a sewer pipe collapsed about 2 p.m. at Sixth Street and Mission Road, according to the Los Angeles Department of Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debris from the broken pipe fell in and blocked the flow of sewage, which began to overflow into the surrounding area, the department said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s acting health officer, Dr. Mauro Torno, issued the order to close all coastal beaches until lab tests indicate the water is safe for swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone planning to visit the beaches can call the city’s water hotline at 562–570–4199 for the latest information on water quality or visit the department’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated. It was originally published on Monday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first half of 2016 has blown away temperature records, capped off by a record hot June, once again bumping up the odds that 2016 will be the hottest year on record globally, according to data released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monthly numbers from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration puts the planet on track to surpass 2015 as the hottest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Every month this year has been record warm globally.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“2016 has really blown that out of the water,” Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2016 has gotten a boost from an \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/will-la-nina-follow-one-of-strongest-el-ninos-20223\">exceptionally strong El Niño\u003c/a>, the record temps are \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/2015-global-temp-record\">mostly the result\u003c/a> of the excess heat that has built up in Earth’s atmosphere due to accumulating greenhouse gases. That heat is \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">raising global sea levels\u003c/a>, disrupting ecosystems and leading to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-evolving-role-in-extreme-weather-18501\">more extreme weather events\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month this year has been record warm globally. Several months early in the year were the first ever recorded to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/incredible-october-warmth-guarantees-record-hot-2015-19695\">exceed 1°C\u003c/a> (1.8°F) above average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/el-nino-is-over-20424\">demise of El Niño\u003c/a>, those temperature departures have dropped slightly, but are still at record-high levels. June was 1.62°F (0.90°C) above the 20th century average \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201606\">according to NOAA\u003c/a> and 1.42°F (0.79°C) above the 1951-1980 average, \u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt\">according to NASA\u003c/a>. (June was also \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/june-hottest-on-record-contiguous-us-20502\">record warm for the contiguous U.S.\u003c/a>, in part because of an intense, record-breaking heat wave that swept the Southwest.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-860507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC.jpg\" alt=\"2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">In NOAA’s records, that makes an unprecedented 14 consecutive record-hot months. While that streak will eventually end, Deke Arndt, the head of the climate monitoring division at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, said that the long-term warming trend is stll clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to keep perspective here. Even if we aren’t setting records, we are in a neighborhood beyond anything we had seen before early 2015,” Arndt said in an email. “We’ve left the 20th century far behind. This is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With June’s record heat, the year-to-date is 1.89°F (1.05°C) above the 20th century average, according to NOAA, and 1.96°F (1.09°C) above the 1951-1980 average according to NASA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures “are so in excess of any first part of a year that we’ve seen,” Schmidt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-860508\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC.jpg\" alt=\"2016)hottest_yr_so_far_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">Each agency uses different methods of processing the global temperature data, as well as different baselines for comparing temperatures, leading to slightly different results. Both agree on the long-term warming trend, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nations have agreed to a goal of\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/see-earths-temperature-spiral-toward-2c-20332\"> keeping warming under 2°C\u003c/a> (3.6°F) above temperatures from preindustrial times — before manmade greenhouse gases began building in the atmosphere — by the end of the century. To put current global temperatures into the perspective of that framework, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-flirts-with-1.5C-threshold-20260\">Climate Central has been reanalyzing\u003c/a> the NASA and NOAA data. The two datasets are averaged and then compared to the average from 1881-1910, closer to the preindustrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through June, 2016 was 2.4°F (1.34°C) above the average for that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arctic has been one of the areas of the world that has seen sky-high temperatures this year, which have led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-for-june-20508\">record-low sea ice levels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those roasting Arctic temperatures have extended into Alaska. The state’s average temperature is 9°F above the 1925-2000 average for the year through June. The North Slope town of Deadhorse just recorded a temperature of 85°F (29.4°C), the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/news/heat-wave-to-blanket-us-next-week\">hottest temperature\u003c/a> ever measured within 50 miles of its Arctic coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans are another area that have seen persistent warmth. According to NOAA, the global average ocean temperature for the first half of the year is 1.42°F (0.79°C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure in 137 years of records. These elevated temperatures have led to a record third year of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/coral-bleaching-record-third-year-20467\">global coral bleaching event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water changes temperature more slowly than the air or land, which means the global ocean heat is likely to persist for some time. In part because of that, temperatures are likely to stay elevated for the remainder of the year, even if they drop off the record pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether 2016 ultimately bests 2015 depends on how the second half of year goes. Forecasts have backed off predictions of a La Niña this fall; La Niña tends to cool global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significant lead that 2016 has makes the odds good that the year will end up the warmest, though there is no guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of where 2016 falls, the long-term trend of warming is clear, and it has tipped the odds in favor of record heat: Of the 15 warmest years on record, 14 have occurred in the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2016 will be one of the warmest on record. Whether it slips to nominally above or nominally below 2015, that may depend on some climate variability factors like the strength of the La Niña,” Arndt said. “But it will share with 2015 the distinction of being, comfortably, the two warmest years on record and warmer, comfortably than any year we’ve measured in modern times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first half of 2016 has blown away temperature records, capped off by a record hot June, once again bumping up the odds that 2016 will be the hottest year on record globally, according to data released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monthly numbers from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration puts the planet on track to surpass 2015 as the hottest on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Every month this year has been record warm globally.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“2016 has really blown that out of the water,” Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2016 has gotten a boost from an \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/will-la-nina-follow-one-of-strongest-el-ninos-20223\">exceptionally strong El Niño\u003c/a>, the record temps are \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/2015-global-temp-record\">mostly the result\u003c/a> of the excess heat that has built up in Earth’s atmosphere due to accumulating greenhouse gases. That heat is \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">raising global sea levels\u003c/a>, disrupting ecosystems and leading to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-evolving-role-in-extreme-weather-18501\">more extreme weather events\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month this year has been record warm globally. Several months early in the year were the first ever recorded to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/incredible-october-warmth-guarantees-record-hot-2015-19695\">exceed 1°C\u003c/a> (1.8°F) above average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/el-nino-is-over-20424\">demise of El Niño\u003c/a>, those temperature departures have dropped slightly, but are still at record-high levels. June was 1.62°F (0.90°C) above the 20th century average \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201606\">according to NOAA\u003c/a> and 1.42°F (0.79°C) above the 1951-1980 average, \u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt\">according to NASA\u003c/a>. (June was also \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/june-hottest-on-record-contiguous-us-20502\">record warm for the contiguous U.S.\u003c/a>, in part because of an intense, record-breaking heat wave that swept the Southwest.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-860507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC.jpg\" alt=\"2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016Global_Jan-Jun_CC-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">In NOAA’s records, that makes an unprecedented 14 consecutive record-hot months. While that streak will eventually end, Deke Arndt, the head of the climate monitoring division at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, said that the long-term warming trend is stll clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to keep perspective here. Even if we aren’t setting records, we are in a neighborhood beyond anything we had seen before early 2015,” Arndt said in an email. “We’ve left the 20th century far behind. This is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With June’s record heat, the year-to-date is 1.89°F (1.05°C) above the 20th century average, according to NOAA, and 1.96°F (1.09°C) above the 1951-1980 average according to NASA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures “are so in excess of any first part of a year that we’ve seen,” Schmidt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-860508\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC.jpg\" alt=\"2016)hottest_yr_so_far_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/2016hottest_yr_so_far_CC-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">Each agency uses different methods of processing the global temperature data, as well as different baselines for comparing temperatures, leading to slightly different results. Both agree on the long-term warming trend, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nations have agreed to a goal of\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/see-earths-temperature-spiral-toward-2c-20332\"> keeping warming under 2°C\u003c/a> (3.6°F) above temperatures from preindustrial times — before manmade greenhouse gases began building in the atmosphere — by the end of the century. To put current global temperatures into the perspective of that framework, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-flirts-with-1.5C-threshold-20260\">Climate Central has been reanalyzing\u003c/a> the NASA and NOAA data. The two datasets are averaged and then compared to the average from 1881-1910, closer to the preindustrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through June, 2016 was 2.4°F (1.34°C) above the average for that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arctic has been one of the areas of the world that has seen sky-high temperatures this year, which have led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-for-june-20508\">record-low sea ice levels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those roasting Arctic temperatures have extended into Alaska. The state’s average temperature is 9°F above the 1925-2000 average for the year through June. The North Slope town of Deadhorse just recorded a temperature of 85°F (29.4°C), the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/news/heat-wave-to-blanket-us-next-week\">hottest temperature\u003c/a> ever measured within 50 miles of its Arctic coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans are another area that have seen persistent warmth. According to NOAA, the global average ocean temperature for the first half of the year is 1.42°F (0.79°C) above the 20th century average, the largest such departure in 137 years of records. These elevated temperatures have led to a record third year of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/coral-bleaching-record-third-year-20467\">global coral bleaching event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water changes temperature more slowly than the air or land, which means the global ocean heat is likely to persist for some time. In part because of that, temperatures are likely to stay elevated for the remainder of the year, even if they drop off the record pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether 2016 ultimately bests 2015 depends on how the second half of year goes. Forecasts have backed off predictions of a La Niña this fall; La Niña tends to cool global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significant lead that 2016 has makes the odds good that the year will end up the warmest, though there is no guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of where 2016 falls, the long-term trend of warming is clear, and it has tipped the odds in favor of record heat: Of the 15 warmest years on record, 14 have occurred in the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2016 will be one of the warmest on record. Whether it slips to nominally above or nominally below 2015, that may depend on some climate variability factors like the strength of the La Niña,” Arndt said. “But it will share with 2015 the distinction of being, comfortably, the two warmest years on record and warmer, comfortably than any year we’ve measured in modern times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Justice Department and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Monday announced a $425 million settlement with two companies to reduce air pollution at six petroleum refineries in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement with Tesoro Corp. and Par Hawaii Refining resolves alleged violations of the federal Clean Air Act at several refineries including one in Martinez, California\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and requires installment of new equipment to control emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement covers five refineries that Tesoro operates in Kenai, Alaska; Anacortes, Washington; Salt Lake City, Utah; Mandan, North Dakota; and Martinez. It also covers Par Hawaii’s refinery in Kapolei, Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the consent decree, the companies will spend about $403 million to install equipment to control carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other emissions at the refineries that process crude oil into gasoline, diesel fuel and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Martinez Refinery, about $24 million will fund pollution control equipment and $1 million will go toward compressed natural gas school buses to replace old diesel school buses in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials say the settlement will improve air quality for people and the environment because the installed equipment will reduce pollutants, including an estimated 47,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaks, flares and excess emissions from the refineries emit dangerous air pollutants known or suspected to cause cancer, birth defects, and seriously harm the environment, the officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro will spend about $12 million on three environmental improvement projects, including the school bus replacement in Contra Costa County. The San Antonio, Texas, company will also pay a $10.5 million civil penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement “provides important reductions of harmful air pollution in communities facing environmental and health challenges,” said Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro said in a statement Monday that it agreed to settle the case by making the investments to reduce emissions but did not admit any violations. The company added that most of the projects to reduce emissions have been completed or are in progress, with about $75 million of work left to do after the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are dedicated to operating in a safe and responsible manner that reduces the impact on the environment,” said Keith Casey, Tesoro’s executive vice president of operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone and email messages left with Par Hawaii Refining were not immediately returned. The company bought the Kapolei refinery from Tesoro in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement was filed Monday in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, along with the complaint filed by the federal government, the states of Hawaii and Alaska and the Northwest Clean Air Agency that regulates air quality in northwestern Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states will get $2.4 million of the $10.5 million penalty, with the rest going to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the new school buses, Tesoro will also install infrared cameras at four refineries to detect leaks and spend about $11 million to install equipment on a furnace at its Salt Lake City refinery to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Justice Department and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Monday announced a $425 million settlement with two companies to reduce air pollution at six petroleum refineries in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement with Tesoro Corp. and Par Hawaii Refining resolves alleged violations of the federal Clean Air Act at several refineries including one in Martinez, California\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and requires installment of new equipment to control emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement covers five refineries that Tesoro operates in Kenai, Alaska; Anacortes, Washington; Salt Lake City, Utah; Mandan, North Dakota; and Martinez. It also covers Par Hawaii’s refinery in Kapolei, Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the consent decree, the companies will spend about $403 million to install equipment to control carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other emissions at the refineries that process crude oil into gasoline, diesel fuel and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Martinez Refinery, about $24 million will fund pollution control equipment and $1 million will go toward compressed natural gas school buses to replace old diesel school buses in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials say the settlement will improve air quality for people and the environment because the installed equipment will reduce pollutants, including an estimated 47,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaks, flares and excess emissions from the refineries emit dangerous air pollutants known or suspected to cause cancer, birth defects, and seriously harm the environment, the officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro will spend about $12 million on three environmental improvement projects, including the school bus replacement in Contra Costa County. The San Antonio, Texas, company will also pay a $10.5 million civil penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement “provides important reductions of harmful air pollution in communities facing environmental and health challenges,” said Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro said in a statement Monday that it agreed to settle the case by making the investments to reduce emissions but did not admit any violations. The company added that most of the projects to reduce emissions have been completed or are in progress, with about $75 million of work left to do after the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are dedicated to operating in a safe and responsible manner that reduces the impact on the environment,” said Keith Casey, Tesoro’s executive vice president of operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone and email messages left with Par Hawaii Refining were not immediately returned. The company bought the Kapolei refinery from Tesoro in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement was filed Monday in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, along with the complaint filed by the federal government, the states of Hawaii and Alaska and the Northwest Clean Air Agency that regulates air quality in northwestern Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states will get $2.4 million of the $10.5 million penalty, with the rest going to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the new school buses, Tesoro will also install infrared cameras at four refineries to detect leaks and spend about $11 million to install equipment on a furnace at its Salt Lake City refinery to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Oceans Eating Away at Yet Another Part of Antarctica",
"headTitle": "Oceans Eating Away at Yet Another Part of Antarctica | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest warming spots on the planet, and it was thought that the rising air temperature was driving the melt of the glaciers along its fringes. But it is actually warm ocean waters that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/look-out-below-antarctic-melting-from-underneath-16128\">eating away at the ice\u003c/a> along part of its western side, a group of scientists reported Thursday in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aae0017\">journal Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Ice losses from around Antarctica owe as much to warmer ocean temperatures … as to rises in air temperature.’\u003ccite>Robert Bingham, University of Edinburgh\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a spate of research in the last few years that have pointed the finger at warm ocean currents as the key culprit in undercutting the glaciers that serve as doorstops to Antarctica’s massive ice sheets. As those glaciers wilt away, the land-bound ice behind them can \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctic-ice-shelves-shrinking-19015\">flow faster to the sea\u003c/a>, with the potential to significantly raise global sea levels. Coastal areas around the world will be swamped, putting millions of people and billions of dollars of infrastructure in peril.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that ocean warming is not only affecting the large ice streams and ice shelves of West Antarctica, but also the small glaciers of the separate Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet,” study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://www.dur.ac.uk/geography/staff/geogstaffhidden/?id=14129\">Alison Cook\u003c/a> said in an email. “Understanding this link will improve predictions of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Striking Similarity’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the rest of the continent’s coastline features vast rivers of ice that flow to the sea, the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula is made up of “over 600 small glaciers of varying shapes and sizes,” Cook, a glaciologist at Durham University in England, said, few of which had been studied in any detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peninsula — an arm of land that stretches up from the rest of Antarctica toward the southern tip of South America — has warmed\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/soaring-temperatures-in-west-antarctica-could-destabilize-ice-15409\"> about 5°F (2.8°C) in the past 50 years\u003c/a>. Unsurprisingly, the region has seen considerable ice melt, and that melt was blamed on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctica-record-high-temp-bodes-ill-for-ice-18840\">surging air temperatures\u003c/a> driven by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctica-record-high-temp-bodes-ill-for-ice-18840\">the broader warming\u003c/a> of the planet’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was clear that there was a distinct pattern of melt from north to south, though. In the northwest, the region of the largest air temperature increase, the glaciers paradoxically seemed fairly stable, while in the cooler southwest there had been considerable retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook and her colleagues looked at ocean temperatures along the west coast of the peninsula and found a pattern of temperatures at mid-ocean depths that mirrored what was happening to the glaciers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we studied this, the more it became apparent that this followed a striking similarity to the glacier retreat rates,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the western side of the peninsula, warm Circumpolar Deep Water that has welled up meets the glaciers and wears away at their fronts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the northern end of the peninsula, the glaciers terminate in colder waters that come from a different source, keeping the fronts of those glaciers much more stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a great study with convincing evidence that the northern and southern west coast of AP (Antarctic Peninsula) have very different oceanic regimes and the correspondence with the pattern of glacier retreat is undeniably strong,” Eric Rignot, a NASA glaciologist said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Measurements Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same Circumpolar Deep Water implicated in the new study is thought to be eroding glaciers elsewhere along the West Antarctic coast, including an adjacent area of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/overlooked-area-antarctica-major-ice-loss-20408\">Bellingshausen Sea coast\u003c/a> where a recent study suggested melt had been happening for much longer than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study underscores what many of us in the scientific community have been suggesting for some time, namely that ice losses from around Antarctica owe as much to warmer ocean temperatures reaching parts of Antarctica’s coastline as to rises in air temperature,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/rbingha2/\">Robert Bingham\u003c/a>, a glaciologist at the University of Edinburgh, said in an email. Bingham, who led the Bellingshausen Sea study, was not part of the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the glaciers along the Antarctic Peninsula are much smaller than those in the Bellingshausen Area, or the Amundsen Sea Embayment, where some of the fastest-slowing and retreating glaciers are found, their potential to contribute to sea level rise cannot be discounted. While they make up only 4 percent of Antarctica’s total ice sheet area, they have accounted for about 25 percent of its mass loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AP ice sheet is one of the largest current contributors to sea level rise and as the glaciers here are highly sensitive to changes in the environment they are key indicators of how the ice will respond to future changes,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings lay bare the need for better understanding and monitoring of both Antarctica’s glaciers and the oceans lapping at them, Bingham and Rignot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ultimate aim must be to predict how ocean-driven ice losses from Antarctica will impact upon global sea level rise,” Bingham said. “To provide such predictions, it’s clear that we need a far better understanding of ice-ocean interactions all around the fringes of Antarctica, and in particular to monitor changes occurring in the ice at the same time as changes in the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest warming spots on the planet, and it was thought that the rising air temperature was driving the melt of the glaciers along its fringes. But it is actually warm ocean waters that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/look-out-below-antarctic-melting-from-underneath-16128\">eating away at the ice\u003c/a> along part of its western side, a group of scientists reported Thursday in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aae0017\">journal Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Ice losses from around Antarctica owe as much to warmer ocean temperatures … as to rises in air temperature.’\u003ccite>Robert Bingham, University of Edinburgh\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a spate of research in the last few years that have pointed the finger at warm ocean currents as the key culprit in undercutting the glaciers that serve as doorstops to Antarctica’s massive ice sheets. As those glaciers wilt away, the land-bound ice behind them can \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctic-ice-shelves-shrinking-19015\">flow faster to the sea\u003c/a>, with the potential to significantly raise global sea levels. Coastal areas around the world will be swamped, putting millions of people and billions of dollars of infrastructure in peril.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that ocean warming is not only affecting the large ice streams and ice shelves of West Antarctica, but also the small glaciers of the separate Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet,” study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://www.dur.ac.uk/geography/staff/geogstaffhidden/?id=14129\">Alison Cook\u003c/a> said in an email. “Understanding this link will improve predictions of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Striking Similarity’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the rest of the continent’s coastline features vast rivers of ice that flow to the sea, the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula is made up of “over 600 small glaciers of varying shapes and sizes,” Cook, a glaciologist at Durham University in England, said, few of which had been studied in any detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peninsula — an arm of land that stretches up from the rest of Antarctica toward the southern tip of South America — has warmed\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/soaring-temperatures-in-west-antarctica-could-destabilize-ice-15409\"> about 5°F (2.8°C) in the past 50 years\u003c/a>. Unsurprisingly, the region has seen considerable ice melt, and that melt was blamed on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctica-record-high-temp-bodes-ill-for-ice-18840\">surging air temperatures\u003c/a> driven by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/antarctica-record-high-temp-bodes-ill-for-ice-18840\">the broader warming\u003c/a> of the planet’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was clear that there was a distinct pattern of melt from north to south, though. In the northwest, the region of the largest air temperature increase, the glaciers paradoxically seemed fairly stable, while in the cooler southwest there had been considerable retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook and her colleagues looked at ocean temperatures along the west coast of the peninsula and found a pattern of temperatures at mid-ocean depths that mirrored what was happening to the glaciers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we studied this, the more it became apparent that this followed a striking similarity to the glacier retreat rates,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the western side of the peninsula, warm Circumpolar Deep Water that has welled up meets the glaciers and wears away at their fronts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the northern end of the peninsula, the glaciers terminate in colder waters that come from a different source, keeping the fronts of those glaciers much more stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a great study with convincing evidence that the northern and southern west coast of AP (Antarctic Peninsula) have very different oceanic regimes and the correspondence with the pattern of glacier retreat is undeniably strong,” Eric Rignot, a NASA glaciologist said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Measurements Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same Circumpolar Deep Water implicated in the new study is thought to be eroding glaciers elsewhere along the West Antarctic coast, including an adjacent area of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/overlooked-area-antarctica-major-ice-loss-20408\">Bellingshausen Sea coast\u003c/a> where a recent study suggested melt had been happening for much longer than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study underscores what many of us in the scientific community have been suggesting for some time, namely that ice losses from around Antarctica owe as much to warmer ocean temperatures reaching parts of Antarctica’s coastline as to rises in air temperature,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/rbingha2/\">Robert Bingham\u003c/a>, a glaciologist at the University of Edinburgh, said in an email. Bingham, who led the Bellingshausen Sea study, was not part of the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the glaciers along the Antarctic Peninsula are much smaller than those in the Bellingshausen Area, or the Amundsen Sea Embayment, where some of the fastest-slowing and retreating glaciers are found, their potential to contribute to sea level rise cannot be discounted. While they make up only 4 percent of Antarctica’s total ice sheet area, they have accounted for about 25 percent of its mass loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The AP ice sheet is one of the largest current contributors to sea level rise and as the glaciers here are highly sensitive to changes in the environment they are key indicators of how the ice will respond to future changes,” Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings lay bare the need for better understanding and monitoring of both Antarctica’s glaciers and the oceans lapping at them, Bingham and Rignot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ultimate aim must be to predict how ocean-driven ice losses from Antarctica will impact upon global sea level rise,” Bingham said. “To provide such predictions, it’s clear that we need a far better understanding of ice-ocean interactions all around the fringes of Antarctica, and in particular to monitor changes occurring in the ice at the same time as changes in the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity",
"headTitle": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Across the U.S., we’ve hit the dog days of summer. Most regions are now seeing their hottest temperatures of the year, and the combination of heat and high humidity sends most people running for a cold drink, some shade, or an air conditioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the No.1 weather related killer, and as carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central’s \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://impact.statesatrisk.org/\">States at Risk\u003c/a> \u003c/em>project analyzed historic trends in summer temperatures since 1970 as well as projections for future extreme heat for hundreds of metro areas across the lower 48 states. Using several measures, our findings show that most U.S. cities have already experienced large increases in extreme summer heat and absolute humidity, which together can cause serious heat-related health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that scores of U.S. cities home to tens of millions of people will face dramatic increases in dangerous and extreme heat days by the middle of this century if current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hottest parts of the country, including Texas, the Southwest, and Florida have already experienced large increases in extreme heat days, including days over 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F, as well as rising levels of humidity that make hot days feel miserable and extremely hot days downright dangerous. Cities in those same states are facing the biggest projected increases in dangerous heat over the next several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Florida\u003c/strong> faces by far the greatest increase in the dangerous combination of heat and humidity over the next several decades. The 13 metro areas in the U.S. projected to see the greatest increase in danger days by 2050, are all in Florida. Every one of these cities is projected to see an increase of more than 100 dangerous heat days — when the heat index, a combination of heat and humidity, is more than 104°F — by that time. This will only accelerate changes already seen in Florida, where Miami tops the nation with the greatest increase in annual average 90\u003csup>o\u003c/sup>F days per year since 1970 with 46 more such days. McAllen, Texas is second, with 26, followed by Tucson with 25.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Texas\u003c/strong> tops the nation in extreme heat, with 6 of the top 7 cities with the greatest increase in 95°F days, including Austin, San Antonio, and Corpus Christi. In addition, three Texas cities lead the nation in projected danger days by 2050. Nearly half the year, between 168 and 179 days, will be what the National Weather Service considers dangerous heat days by 2050 in McAllen, Laredo, and Brownsville-Harlingen.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Arizona\u003c/strong> is also hard hit, with Phoenix projected to see 146 danger days by 2050, Tucson expected to see 135, and Yuma projected to have 159. As a harbinger of these changes, Tucson now has 24 more days above 100°F on average per year than in the 1970s, the second largest increase in the nation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846073\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg\" alt=\"Summer Sizzle_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png\" alt=\"Impacts of extreme heat\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat and the combination of high heat and humidity pose serious risks for human health. According to the National Weather Service, heat is the No.1 weather-related killer in the U.S. — more than tornados, floods, and hurricanes — and it is estimated that between 600 and 1,500 heat-related deaths occur in an average summer in the U.S.\u003csup>1,2\u003c/sup> Individual heat waves can be even more deadly. The 1995 heat wave in Chicago is estimated to have led to more than 700 deaths and in excess of 1000 more hospital admissions than normal.\u003csup>3,4\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This deadly risk is not likely to go away. By the end of the century, heat-related deaths are projected to increase by thousands to tens-of-thousands each year in the U.S.\u003csup>5\u003c/sup> Those most at risk of heat-related health impacts are infants and young children, elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, and outdoor workers\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. But everyone is potentially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elevated heat, especially along with high humidity, makes it difficult for the body to cool itself. In addition to increasing the risk of mortality, heat can cause problems throughout the body. It can range from dehydration, cramps, exhaustion, dizziness, vomiting and heat rash to more serious issues involving kidney failure, heart issues, and exacerbation of respiratory issues\u003csup>6,7\u003c/sup>. These heat impacts also provide a challenge to the healthcare industry with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits and insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High heat also impacts other sectors and infrastructure. Stagnant air often occurs during periods of elevated heat and allows dangerous levels of air pollutants to build up. High temperatures also directly provide conditions conducive for producing harmful ground-level ozone. Periods of extreme heat can wither crops and exacerbate drought conditions greatly impacting agriculture. Blackouts often accompany heat-waves as the need for cooling puts a heavy strain on the power grid. Heat waves can also lead to harmful algal blooms and promote other bacterial growth in bodies of water and lead to degraded fish habitat, such as for species that require cooler streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png\" alt=\"More danger days coming\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity create dangerous conditions for humans. The National Weather Service defines as dangerous any day when the heat index (the combination of heat and humidity, commonly known as the “feels like temperature”) exceeds 104°F. Under these conditions, sunstroke and heat exhaustion are likely, and physical activity or being outside for long periods is risky, potentially leading to heat stroke. These dangerous heat days pose the greatest threat to kids and the elderly, and to people who don’t have easy access to air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg\" alt=\"DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed 360 of the biggest U.S. cities to see how the average number of danger days is projected to increase in the coming decades. The projections draw on 29 global climate models that have been downscaled across the continental U.S. to represent local climate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 U.S. cities expected to see the most danger days by 2050 are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-400x398.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 25 U.S. cities projected to see the biggest increase in danger days over current conditions are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the absence of high humidity, extremely hot days pose a considerable health threat, particularly under prolonged exposure. Across most of the U.S. temperatures have increasingly been exceeding 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of trends in extreme heat days is based on annual counts of 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F exceedances in the country’s largest 200 cities. The hottest cities are seeing the biggest average increases in extreme heat days, in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities that have seen the biggest increase in annual average days above 90°F since 1970:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-400x388.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 10 cities that have seen the biggest increase in 100°F days are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c-400x420.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, summers have been warming in 45 of the lower 48 states. In many of these states, this warming is driven largely by nighttime temperatures getting hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png\" alt=\"Fastest warming summers\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-400x399.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png\" alt=\"Steamier summers\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures rise, evaporation increases, causing increased water vapor in the air. That extra moisture makes the air feel muggier, and can make it a lot more difficult to tolerate the heat because our bodies have a harder time keeping cool through perspiration. As summers warm across the country from increasing greenhouse gases, cities are also getting sticker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central analyzed how the average summer dew point has changed in 200 major U.S. cities since 1970 (the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/videos/ask-a-met-dew-point\">dew point\u003c/a> is a measure of how much moisture is in the air). We found that 87 percent of those cities have experienced an overall increase in their average summer dew point over the past 46 years, indicating that there is typically more moisture in the air on hot summer days now than there used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities seeing the largest increase in summer air moisture since the 1970s are (several of which are among the fastest warming cities in the country):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846090\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-400x396.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Analysis by Alyson Kenward, PhD, Jennifer Brady, James Bronzan and Todd Sanford. Read full \u003ca href=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Heat_methodology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodology\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Footnotes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. Harvard Medical School (2005), \u003ca href=\"http://ccsl.iccip.net/ccf_report_oct_06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions\u003c/a>, Cambridge, MA: The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Extreme Heat and Your Health\u003c/a>, 2011\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>3. Palecki et al. (2001), Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. T\u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%282001%29082%3C1353%3ATNAIOT%3E2.3.CO%3B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Nature and Impacts of the July 1999 Heat Wave in the Midwestern United States: Learning From the Lessons of 1995\u003c/a>. 82:7, 1353. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>4. Semenza et al. (1999), Am. J. Preventive Med. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379799000252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excessive Hospitalizations During the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago\u003c/a>. 16:4, 269. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5. U.S. Global Change Research Program (2016), T\u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>6. Becker, J.A. and L.K. Stewart (2011), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21661715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat-related illness\u003c/a>. 83:11, 1325.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>7. Glazer, J.L. (2005), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0601/p2133.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion\u003c/a>. 71:11, 2133.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.",
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"description": "As carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.",
"title": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Across the U.S., we’ve hit the dog days of summer. Most regions are now seeing their hottest temperatures of the year, and the combination of heat and high humidity sends most people running for a cold drink, some shade, or an air conditioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the No.1 weather related killer, and as carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central’s \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://impact.statesatrisk.org/\">States at Risk\u003c/a> \u003c/em>project analyzed historic trends in summer temperatures since 1970 as well as projections for future extreme heat for hundreds of metro areas across the lower 48 states. Using several measures, our findings show that most U.S. cities have already experienced large increases in extreme summer heat and absolute humidity, which together can cause serious heat-related health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that scores of U.S. cities home to tens of millions of people will face dramatic increases in dangerous and extreme heat days by the middle of this century if current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hottest parts of the country, including Texas, the Southwest, and Florida have already experienced large increases in extreme heat days, including days over 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F, as well as rising levels of humidity that make hot days feel miserable and extremely hot days downright dangerous. Cities in those same states are facing the biggest projected increases in dangerous heat over the next several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Florida\u003c/strong> faces by far the greatest increase in the dangerous combination of heat and humidity over the next several decades. The 13 metro areas in the U.S. projected to see the greatest increase in danger days by 2050, are all in Florida. Every one of these cities is projected to see an increase of more than 100 dangerous heat days — when the heat index, a combination of heat and humidity, is more than 104°F — by that time. This will only accelerate changes already seen in Florida, where Miami tops the nation with the greatest increase in annual average 90\u003csup>o\u003c/sup>F days per year since 1970 with 46 more such days. McAllen, Texas is second, with 26, followed by Tucson with 25.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Texas\u003c/strong> tops the nation in extreme heat, with 6 of the top 7 cities with the greatest increase in 95°F days, including Austin, San Antonio, and Corpus Christi. In addition, three Texas cities lead the nation in projected danger days by 2050. Nearly half the year, between 168 and 179 days, will be what the National Weather Service considers dangerous heat days by 2050 in McAllen, Laredo, and Brownsville-Harlingen.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Arizona\u003c/strong> is also hard hit, with Phoenix projected to see 146 danger days by 2050, Tucson expected to see 135, and Yuma projected to have 159. As a harbinger of these changes, Tucson now has 24 more days above 100°F on average per year than in the 1970s, the second largest increase in the nation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846073\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg\" alt=\"Summer Sizzle_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png\" alt=\"Impacts of extreme heat\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat and the combination of high heat and humidity pose serious risks for human health. According to the National Weather Service, heat is the No.1 weather-related killer in the U.S. — more than tornados, floods, and hurricanes — and it is estimated that between 600 and 1,500 heat-related deaths occur in an average summer in the U.S.\u003csup>1,2\u003c/sup> Individual heat waves can be even more deadly. The 1995 heat wave in Chicago is estimated to have led to more than 700 deaths and in excess of 1000 more hospital admissions than normal.\u003csup>3,4\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This deadly risk is not likely to go away. By the end of the century, heat-related deaths are projected to increase by thousands to tens-of-thousands each year in the U.S.\u003csup>5\u003c/sup> Those most at risk of heat-related health impacts are infants and young children, elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, and outdoor workers\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. But everyone is potentially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elevated heat, especially along with high humidity, makes it difficult for the body to cool itself. In addition to increasing the risk of mortality, heat can cause problems throughout the body. It can range from dehydration, cramps, exhaustion, dizziness, vomiting and heat rash to more serious issues involving kidney failure, heart issues, and exacerbation of respiratory issues\u003csup>6,7\u003c/sup>. These heat impacts also provide a challenge to the healthcare industry with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits and insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High heat also impacts other sectors and infrastructure. Stagnant air often occurs during periods of elevated heat and allows dangerous levels of air pollutants to build up. High temperatures also directly provide conditions conducive for producing harmful ground-level ozone. Periods of extreme heat can wither crops and exacerbate drought conditions greatly impacting agriculture. Blackouts often accompany heat-waves as the need for cooling puts a heavy strain on the power grid. Heat waves can also lead to harmful algal blooms and promote other bacterial growth in bodies of water and lead to degraded fish habitat, such as for species that require cooler streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png\" alt=\"More danger days coming\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity create dangerous conditions for humans. The National Weather Service defines as dangerous any day when the heat index (the combination of heat and humidity, commonly known as the “feels like temperature”) exceeds 104°F. Under these conditions, sunstroke and heat exhaustion are likely, and physical activity or being outside for long periods is risky, potentially leading to heat stroke. These dangerous heat days pose the greatest threat to kids and the elderly, and to people who don’t have easy access to air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg\" alt=\"DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed 360 of the biggest U.S. cities to see how the average number of danger days is projected to increase in the coming decades. The projections draw on 29 global climate models that have been downscaled across the continental U.S. to represent local climate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 U.S. cities expected to see the most danger days by 2050 are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-400x398.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 25 U.S. cities projected to see the biggest increase in danger days over current conditions are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the absence of high humidity, extremely hot days pose a considerable health threat, particularly under prolonged exposure. Across most of the U.S. temperatures have increasingly been exceeding 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of trends in extreme heat days is based on annual counts of 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F exceedances in the country’s largest 200 cities. The hottest cities are seeing the biggest average increases in extreme heat days, in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities that have seen the biggest increase in annual average days above 90°F since 1970:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-400x388.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 10 cities that have seen the biggest increase in 100°F days are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c-400x420.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, summers have been warming in 45 of the lower 48 states. In many of these states, this warming is driven largely by nighttime temperatures getting hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png\" alt=\"Fastest warming summers\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-400x399.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png\" alt=\"Steamier summers\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures rise, evaporation increases, causing increased water vapor in the air. That extra moisture makes the air feel muggier, and can make it a lot more difficult to tolerate the heat because our bodies have a harder time keeping cool through perspiration. As summers warm across the country from increasing greenhouse gases, cities are also getting sticker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central analyzed how the average summer dew point has changed in 200 major U.S. cities since 1970 (the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/videos/ask-a-met-dew-point\">dew point\u003c/a> is a measure of how much moisture is in the air). We found that 87 percent of those cities have experienced an overall increase in their average summer dew point over the past 46 years, indicating that there is typically more moisture in the air on hot summer days now than there used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities seeing the largest increase in summer air moisture since the 1970s are (several of which are among the fastest warming cities in the country):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846090\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-400x396.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Analysis by Alyson Kenward, PhD, Jennifer Brady, James Bronzan and Todd Sanford. Read full \u003ca href=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Heat_methodology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodology\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Footnotes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. Harvard Medical School (2005), \u003ca href=\"http://ccsl.iccip.net/ccf_report_oct_06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions\u003c/a>, Cambridge, MA: The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Extreme Heat and Your Health\u003c/a>, 2011\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>3. Palecki et al. (2001), Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. T\u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%282001%29082%3C1353%3ATNAIOT%3E2.3.CO%3B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Nature and Impacts of the July 1999 Heat Wave in the Midwestern United States: Learning From the Lessons of 1995\u003c/a>. 82:7, 1353. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>4. Semenza et al. (1999), Am. J. Preventive Med. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379799000252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excessive Hospitalizations During the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago\u003c/a>. 16:4, 269. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5. U.S. Global Change Research Program (2016), T\u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>6. Becker, J.A. and L.K. Stewart (2011), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21661715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat-related illness\u003c/a>. 83:11, 1325.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>7. Glazer, J.L. (2005), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0601/p2133.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion\u003c/a>. 71:11, 2133.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Betty Soskin, Venerated Park Ranger, Returns to Work After Robbery",
"title": "Betty Soskin, Venerated Park Ranger, Returns to Work After Robbery",
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"content": "\u003cp>America's oldest National Park Service ranger is back on the job in Richmond after recovering from a violent robbery at her home last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends and colleagues on Tuesday welcomed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/06/10/americas-oldest-park-ranger-brings-history-to-life-at-richmonds-rosie-the-riveter-park/\" target=\"_blank\">Betty Soskin, 94,\u003c/a> back to her post as a guide at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park\u003c/a>, where she has worked for the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donning her wide-brimmed ranger hat and green jacket, Soskin said she was overwhelmed by the welcome back and is looking forward to getting back into her routine at the park's museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where support is, this is where friendship is, and this is where a meaningful life occurs. This is the place I wanted to be,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than two weeks ago, Soskin was the victim of a late-night break-in at her home in Richmond's Hilltop neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man broke into her condo near midnight on June 27, punched Soskin in the face several times and dragged her out of her bedroom. Soskin was able to break free and crawl into her bathroom and lock the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intruder made off with Soskin’s cellphone, tablet and laptop computer -- as well as a commemorative coin given to her last December by President Obama during the White House tree-lighting ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama immediately announced he would replace the coin stolen in the robbery, and Soskin's friends and co-workers have set up a fund to replace other stolen items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soskin says that while the bruises on her face have healed, she's still coping with the trauma of the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never afraid of people before -- I used to ask drug dealers on my block to register voters!\" Soskin said. \"I used to feel invincible. That's changed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says she has no intention of retiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m planning on going straight from the park to the cemetery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond police Lt. Felix Tan says no suspect has been identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a repulsive, heinous crime,\" he said. \"We’re taught in society to respect our elders, not to victimize them. We’re working very hard to find this person.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>America's oldest National Park Service ranger is back on the job in Richmond after recovering from a violent robbery at her home last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends and colleagues on Tuesday welcomed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/06/10/americas-oldest-park-ranger-brings-history-to-life-at-richmonds-rosie-the-riveter-park/\" target=\"_blank\">Betty Soskin, 94,\u003c/a> back to her post as a guide at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park\u003c/a>, where she has worked for the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donning her wide-brimmed ranger hat and green jacket, Soskin said she was overwhelmed by the welcome back and is looking forward to getting back into her routine at the park's museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where support is, this is where friendship is, and this is where a meaningful life occurs. This is the place I wanted to be,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than two weeks ago, Soskin was the victim of a late-night break-in at her home in Richmond's Hilltop neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man broke into her condo near midnight on June 27, punched Soskin in the face several times and dragged her out of her bedroom. Soskin was able to break free and crawl into her bathroom and lock the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intruder made off with Soskin’s cellphone, tablet and laptop computer -- as well as a commemorative coin given to her last December by President Obama during the White House tree-lighting ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama immediately announced he would replace the coin stolen in the robbery, and Soskin's friends and co-workers have set up a fund to replace other stolen items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soskin says that while the bruises on her face have healed, she's still coping with the trauma of the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never afraid of people before -- I used to ask drug dealers on my block to register voters!\" Soskin said. \"I used to feel invincible. That's changed now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says she has no intention of retiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m planning on going straight from the park to the cemetery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond police Lt. Felix Tan says no suspect has been identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a repulsive, heinous crime,\" he said. \"We’re taught in society to respect our elders, not to victimize them. We’re working very hard to find this person.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation",
"headTitle": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Within less than a year, as many as 50,000 marijuana growers in California could be required to obtain state permits for the irrigation water they consume. It is an unprecedented step aimed at preventing harm to the environment and other water users resulting from the rapid growth of marijuana cultivation in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Most of them are operating below the radar,” said Cris Carrigan, chief of enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board. “As a result, we’ve gotten ourselves into an acute problem with streamflow and pollution associated with these activities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This new ability to regulate water for marijuana growing is a result of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0801-0850/sb_837_bill_20160627_chaptered.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SB 837\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a state law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown on June 27. It’s a budget trailer bill, which specifies numerous operating details of the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, signed into law on Ocober 9, 2015. This law establishes a comprehensive system to regulate cannabis growing in California, for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a huge new water management effort that has never been attempted in the United States, not even among states that are already regulating marijuana cultivation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Perhaps most remarkable of all, marijuana grower groups support the regulations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This community is ready to be part of the mainstream,” said Hezekiah Allen, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calgrowersassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California Growers Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group that represents cannabis cultivators and helped draft the new legislation last year. “What we are trying to do is move people into the regulated class. Lots absolutely want that legitimacy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ongoing California drought brought new attention to the environmental damages caused by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2015/07/24/massive-marijuana-busts-hint-at-big-water-problems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">unregulated marijuana growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. And while the amount of water it consumes is still the subject of some uncertainty and debate, there is little question that it has\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2015/0806/How-marijuana-is-making-California-drought-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">compromised aquatic habitat\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in many locations and reduced water access for some property owners with legitimate water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Carrigan says the rules do not necessarily target marijuana growers. Instead, they’re meant for small agricultural irrigators growing any sort of crop. The intent, however, is to get control of unregulated marijuana irrigation, which has dried up some streams, starved endangered fish of water and contributed to water quality problems caused by erosion, pesticides and herbicides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a really significant breakthrough,” said Jay Ziegler, director of external affairs and policy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/2-blog/211-marijuana-farming-and-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in California, which worked with CalTrout and Trout Unlimited to help shape the rule package. “I don’t think it’s lost on anybody that this is our largest value agricultural crop. So we’re long overdue to acknowledge what are becoming increasingly overwhelming impacts of marijuana on the landscape.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The regulations are a statewide followup to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-marijuana-cultivation-water-20151002-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pilot programs\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that began last year in the water board’s North Coast and Central Valley regulatory regions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new program starts by directing the State Water Resources Control Board and Department of Fish and Wildlife to set up a task force to assess environmental damages from marijuana growing. This task force is also empowered to collect fees and penalties from growers to pay for programs to correct the damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fish and Wildlife will also assess streamflow needs to sustain the environment in watersheds where marijuana is cultivated. This level of baseline flow must then be sustained at all times, and will be used to guide the issuance of water diversion permits to growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some growers will be able to successfully prove that they have “riparian” water rights, meaning a right to divert water from a creek that flows on or adjacent to their land. But they will not be allowed to cut into the baseline flow that sustains wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One problem with marijuana growing is that the crop often needs water when it is least abundant: in the summer. Thus, historically, many have taken water from streams when it is most needed to sustain sensitive fish and other species that are struggling to survive long, hot summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So under the new regulations, even if a grower has a verified riparian water right, they will not be allowed to divert water whenever they want. Instead, they will be directed to build water storage, such as ponds or tanks, and collect what they need for a full year when streams are flush in the winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For example, a relatively large grower might need 30 acre-feet (37,000 cubic meters) of water annually for his crop – enough to sustain 60 average California households for a year. Under the new rules, the water board – guided by the streamflow baseline – will likely require them to build storage for 15 acre-feet, and only draw water from that storage during the summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very unique condition specifically aimed at this industry, as a new entrant, in exercising what may be historic water rights,” Ziegler said. “What’s really unique about this is, the (water) board and DFW have the leverage of a permit that the growers need and want to separate themselves and demonstrate they are good-faith producers and stewards of the environment out there. In effect, this process applies that leverage.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new rules require a grower to obtain a growing permit from a new Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation. And they can’t get that permit unless they first certify where their water is coming from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state Department of Finance is authorized to provide a $10 million loan to get the regulatory program started. This money, among other things, will allow the water board and Fish and Wildlife to hire about two dozen new employees to launch the program, conduct inspections and oversee the new permits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seed money will be paid back from licensing fees paid by marijuana growers. These fees will also become the source of funds to sustain the program into the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water permitting process could be adopted by the water board within a year as an emergency regulation. The legislation gives the board the power to do so without the usual lengthy analysis required under the California Environmental Quality Act. But the board hasn’t yet decided, Carrigan said, whether to take that route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s possible there won’t be enough water for all growers in a particular region. Some may have to try their luck with drilling a well, buying water in tanker trucks or some other means.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Once we set the flow requirements for fish safety in the streams,” Carrigan said, “we may very well be issuing curtailment notices to riparians in those streams in the drier months. And if you don’t have a permit for storage, your straw is going to be cut off.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This isn’t all there is to the regulatory program. A range of other state agencies will be involved in overseeing water quality, pesticide use, licensing, fee collection – even certifying regional marijuana “appellations.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The rules don’t apply to individual patients growing medical marijuana for their own use on 100 square feet (10 sq meters) or less; or to caregivers growing for five patients or less on no more than 500 square feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All parties agree there may be as many as 50,000 growers who could be subject to licensing under the program. A subset of these – perhaps half – will be required to prove their water rights and possibly install water storage systems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a massive regulatory effort. For example, in the entire state of California the water board currently regulates about 40,000 water rights that have come into the system over a century. So the new program could add to that by more than half in just a year or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Carrigan said there’s nothing else like it in the U.S., even in Washington and Colorado, where marijuana has been a government-sanctioned crop for several years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“What we’re hoping for is more clean water for fish at the right time,” he said. “To me, it’s amazing we have this whole underground economy and industry that’s been unregulated. And now, all of a sudden, there’s this paradigm shift.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Allen said most marijuana growers require only a very small amount of water compared to traditional farming operations. But he acknowledged a lot of cannabis growing does take place in sensitive watersheds, and that there have been “acute” impacts on endangered species, like coastal coho salmon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That is something we need to take very seriously as an industry,” he said. “But it’s not true to say we’re a major factor in the statewide water shortage. I’m pretty sure the rest of the world is going to be surprised just how careful this community is with water, and how many conservation-minded agricultural practices are being used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem>For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The water consumed by California marijuana growers will now be regulated by state officials under a new program that could be up and running within a year. The goal is to protect wildlife and habitats.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Within less than a year, as many as 50,000 marijuana growers in California could be required to obtain state permits for the irrigation water they consume. It is an unprecedented step aimed at preventing harm to the environment and other water users resulting from the rapid growth of marijuana cultivation in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Most of them are operating below the radar,” said Cris Carrigan, chief of enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board. “As a result, we’ve gotten ourselves into an acute problem with streamflow and pollution associated with these activities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This new ability to regulate water for marijuana growing is a result of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0801-0850/sb_837_bill_20160627_chaptered.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SB 837\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a state law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown on June 27. It’s a budget trailer bill, which specifies numerous operating details of the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, signed into law on Ocober 9, 2015. This law establishes a comprehensive system to regulate cannabis growing in California, for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a huge new water management effort that has never been attempted in the United States, not even among states that are already regulating marijuana cultivation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Perhaps most remarkable of all, marijuana grower groups support the regulations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This community is ready to be part of the mainstream,” said Hezekiah Allen, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calgrowersassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California Growers Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group that represents cannabis cultivators and helped draft the new legislation last year. “What we are trying to do is move people into the regulated class. Lots absolutely want that legitimacy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ongoing California drought brought new attention to the environmental damages caused by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2015/07/24/massive-marijuana-busts-hint-at-big-water-problems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">unregulated marijuana growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. And while the amount of water it consumes is still the subject of some uncertainty and debate, there is little question that it has\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2015/0806/How-marijuana-is-making-California-drought-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">compromised aquatic habitat\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in many locations and reduced water access for some property owners with legitimate water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Carrigan says the rules do not necessarily target marijuana growers. Instead, they’re meant for small agricultural irrigators growing any sort of crop. The intent, however, is to get control of unregulated marijuana irrigation, which has dried up some streams, starved endangered fish of water and contributed to water quality problems caused by erosion, pesticides and herbicides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a really significant breakthrough,” said Jay Ziegler, director of external affairs and policy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/2-blog/211-marijuana-farming-and-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in California, which worked with CalTrout and Trout Unlimited to help shape the rule package. “I don’t think it’s lost on anybody that this is our largest value agricultural crop. So we’re long overdue to acknowledge what are becoming increasingly overwhelming impacts of marijuana on the landscape.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The regulations are a statewide followup to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-marijuana-cultivation-water-20151002-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pilot programs\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that began last year in the water board’s North Coast and Central Valley regulatory regions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new program starts by directing the State Water Resources Control Board and Department of Fish and Wildlife to set up a task force to assess environmental damages from marijuana growing. This task force is also empowered to collect fees and penalties from growers to pay for programs to correct the damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fish and Wildlife will also assess streamflow needs to sustain the environment in watersheds where marijuana is cultivated. This level of baseline flow must then be sustained at all times, and will be used to guide the issuance of water diversion permits to growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some growers will be able to successfully prove that they have “riparian” water rights, meaning a right to divert water from a creek that flows on or adjacent to their land. But they will not be allowed to cut into the baseline flow that sustains wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One problem with marijuana growing is that the crop often needs water when it is least abundant: in the summer. Thus, historically, many have taken water from streams when it is most needed to sustain sensitive fish and other species that are struggling to survive long, hot summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So under the new regulations, even if a grower has a verified riparian water right, they will not be allowed to divert water whenever they want. Instead, they will be directed to build water storage, such as ponds or tanks, and collect what they need for a full year when streams are flush in the winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For example, a relatively large grower might need 30 acre-feet (37,000 cubic meters) of water annually for his crop – enough to sustain 60 average California households for a year. Under the new rules, the water board – guided by the streamflow baseline – will likely require them to build storage for 15 acre-feet, and only draw water from that storage during the summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very unique condition specifically aimed at this industry, as a new entrant, in exercising what may be historic water rights,” Ziegler said. “What’s really unique about this is, the (water) board and DFW have the leverage of a permit that the growers need and want to separate themselves and demonstrate they are good-faith producers and stewards of the environment out there. In effect, this process applies that leverage.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new rules require a grower to obtain a growing permit from a new Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation. And they can’t get that permit unless they first certify where their water is coming from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state Department of Finance is authorized to provide a $10 million loan to get the regulatory program started. This money, among other things, will allow the water board and Fish and Wildlife to hire about two dozen new employees to launch the program, conduct inspections and oversee the new permits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seed money will be paid back from licensing fees paid by marijuana growers. These fees will also become the source of funds to sustain the program into the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water permitting process could be adopted by the water board within a year as an emergency regulation. The legislation gives the board the power to do so without the usual lengthy analysis required under the California Environmental Quality Act. But the board hasn’t yet decided, Carrigan said, whether to take that route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s possible there won’t be enough water for all growers in a particular region. Some may have to try their luck with drilling a well, buying water in tanker trucks or some other means.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Once we set the flow requirements for fish safety in the streams,” Carrigan said, “we may very well be issuing curtailment notices to riparians in those streams in the drier months. And if you don’t have a permit for storage, your straw is going to be cut off.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This isn’t all there is to the regulatory program. A range of other state agencies will be involved in overseeing water quality, pesticide use, licensing, fee collection – even certifying regional marijuana “appellations.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The rules don’t apply to individual patients growing medical marijuana for their own use on 100 square feet (10 sq meters) or less; or to caregivers growing for five patients or less on no more than 500 square feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All parties agree there may be as many as 50,000 growers who could be subject to licensing under the program. A subset of these – perhaps half – will be required to prove their water rights and possibly install water storage systems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a massive regulatory effort. For example, in the entire state of California the water board currently regulates about 40,000 water rights that have come into the system over a century. So the new program could add to that by more than half in just a year or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Carrigan said there’s nothing else like it in the U.S., even in Washington and Colorado, where marijuana has been a government-sanctioned crop for several years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“What we’re hoping for is more clean water for fish at the right time,” he said. “To me, it’s amazing we have this whole underground economy and industry that’s been unregulated. And now, all of a sudden, there’s this paradigm shift.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Allen said most marijuana growers require only a very small amount of water compared to traditional farming operations. But he acknowledged a lot of cannabis growing does take place in sensitive watersheds, and that there have been “acute” impacts on endangered species, like coastal coho salmon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That is something we need to take very seriously as an industry,” he said. “But it’s not true to say we’re a major factor in the statewide water shortage. I’m pretty sure the rest of the world is going to be surprised just how careful this community is with water, and how many conservation-minded agricultural practices are being used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem>For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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