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"title": "Water Conservation Wanes in California as Most Mandatory Restrictions End",
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"content": "\u003cp>It appears that California water suppliers have by and large abandoned mandatory water conservation — and it may be showing up in the latest monthly statistics on water saving in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the State Water Resources Control Board, urban customers reduced water use by 21.5 percent in June, compared to the benchmark year of 2013. That’s down from 27.5 percent savings a year ago, when statewide mandatory controls were in place. Savings were down even more compared to May of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of state-imposed compulsory conservation levels, local water agencies are now setting their own marks — and setting the bar extremely low. While state regulators continue to review the numbers reported to them by local agencies, KQED has surveyed major water suppliers in the Bay Area and Sacramento region and most of them have set their compulsory savings targets at (drum roll, please)…zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Water Agencies’ New Conservation Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> After state-imposed quotas expired in May, local agencies have come up with their own numbers: overwhelmingly zero. (Largest Bay Area suppliers shown.)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop.png\" alt=\"Water_numbers_desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1780\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-895956\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop.png 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-400x412.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-800x823.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-768x790.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-1440x1482.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-1180x1214.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-960x988.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile.png\" alt=\"Water_numbers_mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-895958\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Round’ Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s largest urban supplier, the East Bay Municipal Utility District, had been required to cut water use 16 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013. Its new self-determined target: zero. The Contra Costa Water District likewise moved its goal posts from 25 percent to zero. The same goes for the City of Sacramento. The Marin Municipal Water District ratcheted back from 20 to zero, Alameda County from 16 to zero, and well, you get the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in Southern California, where severe drought conditions persist, the story is largely the same. The state’s biggest retailer of urban water, the Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power had been operating under a 14 percent conservation order. Its new tier: zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, state regulators have stopped short of saying publicly that this isn’t what they had in mind when they decided to stop assigning water savings “tiers” and allow local officials to come up with their own numbers — especially since state water managers continue to emphasize that the drought is not over, and may well worsen in the months to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some relaxation of conservation in light of the relief we got last winter and other supply conditions is appropriate and expected,” said water board chair Felicia Marcus in a statement. “Abandonment of conservation is not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pushback From Locals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers have long argued that they are in a better position than Sacramento to know the level of water cutbacks that local conditions demand. And state regulators largely agree, which is why they’ve handed control back to the locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board prescribed the formula used to calculate the local quotas. Agencies were to assume that the next three years resembled the last three in terms of drought and water demand. Any shortage (in percentage terms) at the end of those three imaginary years was to become the new local conservation mark. Water Board officials have taken pains to point out that they will closely monitor the new system and that if it does not work to their satisfaction, they are prepared to return to a system of state-assigned quotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many local water managers say they remain committed to conservation with voluntary measures. Jennifer Burke, deputy director of water and engineering resources with the City of Santa Rosa, tells KQED that the city is “committed to water conservation and will continue to offer our many programs, tips and tools as well as continuing to implement water waste prohibitions,” an apparent reference to the handful of water restrictions made permanent by the governor earlier this year. But Santa Rosa has also reset its compulsory conservation mark to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state-imposed “tiers,” as they were called, never went down well with local water suppliers, as selling less water meant a direct hit to their revenues. It’s estimated that over the past year, local water agencies collectively \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article89747342.html\">lost hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of dollars under the state-imposed cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those suppliers might have to rethink their revenue models given the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1108\">long-term trends\u003c/a>. A recent analysis by the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California shows that overall water use is declining even as the state’s population grows.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It appears that California water suppliers have by and large abandoned mandatory water conservation — and it may be showing up in the latest monthly statistics on water saving in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the State Water Resources Control Board, urban customers reduced water use by 21.5 percent in June, compared to the benchmark year of 2013. That’s down from 27.5 percent savings a year ago, when statewide mandatory controls were in place. Savings were down even more compared to May of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of state-imposed compulsory conservation levels, local water agencies are now setting their own marks — and setting the bar extremely low. While state regulators continue to review the numbers reported to them by local agencies, KQED has surveyed major water suppliers in the Bay Area and Sacramento region and most of them have set their compulsory savings targets at (drum roll, please)…zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Water Agencies’ New Conservation Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> After state-imposed quotas expired in May, local agencies have come up with their own numbers: overwhelmingly zero. (Largest Bay Area suppliers shown.)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop.png\" alt=\"Water_numbers_desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1780\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-895956\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop.png 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-400x412.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-800x823.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-768x790.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-1440x1482.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-1180x1214.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-960x988.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_desktop-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile.png\" alt=\"Water_numbers_mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-895958\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Water_numbers_mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Round’ Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s largest urban supplier, the East Bay Municipal Utility District, had been required to cut water use 16 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013. Its new self-determined target: zero. The Contra Costa Water District likewise moved its goal posts from 25 percent to zero. The same goes for the City of Sacramento. The Marin Municipal Water District ratcheted back from 20 to zero, Alameda County from 16 to zero, and well, you get the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in Southern California, where severe drought conditions persist, the story is largely the same. The state’s biggest retailer of urban water, the Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power had been operating under a 14 percent conservation order. Its new tier: zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, state regulators have stopped short of saying publicly that this isn’t what they had in mind when they decided to stop assigning water savings “tiers” and allow local officials to come up with their own numbers — especially since state water managers continue to emphasize that the drought is not over, and may well worsen in the months to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some relaxation of conservation in light of the relief we got last winter and other supply conditions is appropriate and expected,” said water board chair Felicia Marcus in a statement. “Abandonment of conservation is not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pushback From Locals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers have long argued that they are in a better position than Sacramento to know the level of water cutbacks that local conditions demand. And state regulators largely agree, which is why they’ve handed control back to the locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Board prescribed the formula used to calculate the local quotas. Agencies were to assume that the next three years resembled the last three in terms of drought and water demand. Any shortage (in percentage terms) at the end of those three imaginary years was to become the new local conservation mark. Water Board officials have taken pains to point out that they will closely monitor the new system and that if it does not work to their satisfaction, they are prepared to return to a system of state-assigned quotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many local water managers say they remain committed to conservation with voluntary measures. Jennifer Burke, deputy director of water and engineering resources with the City of Santa Rosa, tells KQED that the city is “committed to water conservation and will continue to offer our many programs, tips and tools as well as continuing to implement water waste prohibitions,” an apparent reference to the handful of water restrictions made permanent by the governor earlier this year. But Santa Rosa has also reset its compulsory conservation mark to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state-imposed “tiers,” as they were called, never went down well with local water suppliers, as selling less water meant a direct hit to their revenues. It’s estimated that over the past year, local water agencies collectively \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article89747342.html\">lost hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of dollars under the state-imposed cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those suppliers might have to rethink their revenue models given the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1108\">long-term trends\u003c/a>. A recent analysis by the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California shows that overall water use is declining even as the state’s population grows.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Government health officials warned pregnant women Monday to avoid a Zika-stricken part of Miami and told couples who have been there recently to put off having children for at least two months, after the number of people feared infected through mosquito bites in the U.S. climbed to 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The travel warning is highly unusual. Officials cannot remember another warning against travel within the U.S. in the CDC’s 70-year history.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In its highly unusual and perhaps unprecedented \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/florida-update.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">travel warning\u003c/a>, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also said expectant mothers should get tested for the virus if they have visited the neighborhood since mid-June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 14 cases are thought to have occurred in Miami’s Wynwood arts district, a trendy, fast-gentrifying neighborhood of warehouses, art galleries, restaurants and boutiques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Rick Scott asked for a CDC emergency response team to help the state combat Zika, which after sweeping Latin America and the Caribbean, is beginning to spread in the U.S. The White House said a team will be sent quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/29/4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> last Friday announced\u003c/a> that mosquitoes have apparently started spreading Zika on the U.S. mainland, citing four cases they strongly believe were caused by bites. Ten more cases were announced Monday, even though Florida authorities have yet to find any mosquitoes actually carrying the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika infections in pregnant women can cause severe brain-related birth defects, including extremely small skulls. The global outbreak has led to more than 1,800 serious defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC officials said they could not remember another time in the 70-year history of the disease-fighting agency when it told members of the public not to travel someplace in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus can linger in the blood and urine for weeks, and has been found in sperm for months. As a result, the CDC said men and women who have recently been in the affected area should wait at least eight weeks before trying to conceive a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel warning covers an area of about 1 square mile in Wynwood, to the east of Interstate 95 and south of I-195. It’s large enough, health officials said, to provide a buffer around the suspected hot zone. The tropical mosquito that spreads Zika travels less than 200 yards in its lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some experts said that’s far too small a radius. Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical medicine expert at the Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, said the CDC should be more cautious and expand the travel advisory to all of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re pregnant or think you might be pregnant, avoid travel to Miami, and possible elsewhere in South Florida,” he said. “I’m guessing most women who are pregnant are doing that. I don’t think they’re sitting around for the CDC to split hairs and fine-tune it to a specific area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden said the narrowly drawn warning was dictated by science and not by any concern for Florida’s crucial tourism industry. He said it was based on the nation’s ability to contain outbreaks of other diseases carried by the same mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wouldn’t be a technical or scientific basis to give a broader recommendation,” Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. health officials have said all along that while isolated clusters of Zika may occur in this country, they do not expect major outbreaks like those seen in Latin America, because of better sanitation and mosquito control and widespread use of air conditioners and window screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, health officials expressed concern that they continue to see “moderately high” numbers of the type of mosquito that carries Zika, despite aggressive use of insecticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very difficult mosquito to control,” Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida health officials said they have tested more than 200 people in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties since early July. The CDC emergency team will help Florida officials investigate the outbreak, collect samples and control mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 14 people infected, two are women and 12 are men. Eight patients showed symptoms of Zika, which can include fever, rash, joint pain and red eyes. The others had no symptoms. The disease is often so mild that most people don’t know they are infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to keep our residents and visitors safe utilizing constant surveillance and aggressive strategies, such as increased mosquito spraying, that have allowed our state to fight similar viruses,” the governor said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosemary LeBranch was doing laundry in Wynwood when health officials came to her house a few days ago and took urine samples from her, her daughter and her father. Her father, Gabriel Jean, tested positive, she said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had already spoken with a doctor and was advised to wear long shirts and pants outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said nothing hurts, he doesn’t have any pain. He doesn’t feel anything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jordan Davison and Melissa Felix work for a cruise line and were enjoying their day off Monday looking at Wynwood’s spray-painted murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like a big thing, right?” the 25-year-old Davidson said. “It’s kind of freaky — there’s so much going on we didn’t know, didn’t really think about it. … I might wear bug spray going forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,650 cases of Zika have been reported in U.S. states, nearly all the result of travel to a Zika-stricken country or sex with someone who was infected abroad.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Government health officials warned pregnant women Monday to avoid a Zika-stricken part of Miami and told couples who have been there recently to put off having children for at least two months, after the number of people feared infected through mosquito bites in the U.S. climbed to 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The travel warning is highly unusual. Officials cannot remember another warning against travel within the U.S. in the CDC’s 70-year history.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In its highly unusual and perhaps unprecedented \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/florida-update.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">travel warning\u003c/a>, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also said expectant mothers should get tested for the virus if they have visited the neighborhood since mid-June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 14 cases are thought to have occurred in Miami’s Wynwood arts district, a trendy, fast-gentrifying neighborhood of warehouses, art galleries, restaurants and boutiques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Rick Scott asked for a CDC emergency response team to help the state combat Zika, which after sweeping Latin America and the Caribbean, is beginning to spread in the U.S. The White House said a team will be sent quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/29/4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> last Friday announced\u003c/a> that mosquitoes have apparently started spreading Zika on the U.S. mainland, citing four cases they strongly believe were caused by bites. Ten more cases were announced Monday, even though Florida authorities have yet to find any mosquitoes actually carrying the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika infections in pregnant women can cause severe brain-related birth defects, including extremely small skulls. The global outbreak has led to more than 1,800 serious defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC officials said they could not remember another time in the 70-year history of the disease-fighting agency when it told members of the public not to travel someplace in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus can linger in the blood and urine for weeks, and has been found in sperm for months. As a result, the CDC said men and women who have recently been in the affected area should wait at least eight weeks before trying to conceive a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel warning covers an area of about 1 square mile in Wynwood, to the east of Interstate 95 and south of I-195. It’s large enough, health officials said, to provide a buffer around the suspected hot zone. The tropical mosquito that spreads Zika travels less than 200 yards in its lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some experts said that’s far too small a radius. Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical medicine expert at the Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, said the CDC should be more cautious and expand the travel advisory to all of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re pregnant or think you might be pregnant, avoid travel to Miami, and possible elsewhere in South Florida,” he said. “I’m guessing most women who are pregnant are doing that. I don’t think they’re sitting around for the CDC to split hairs and fine-tune it to a specific area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden said the narrowly drawn warning was dictated by science and not by any concern for Florida’s crucial tourism industry. He said it was based on the nation’s ability to contain outbreaks of other diseases carried by the same mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wouldn’t be a technical or scientific basis to give a broader recommendation,” Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. health officials have said all along that while isolated clusters of Zika may occur in this country, they do not expect major outbreaks like those seen in Latin America, because of better sanitation and mosquito control and widespread use of air conditioners and window screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, health officials expressed concern that they continue to see “moderately high” numbers of the type of mosquito that carries Zika, despite aggressive use of insecticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very difficult mosquito to control,” Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida health officials said they have tested more than 200 people in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties since early July. The CDC emergency team will help Florida officials investigate the outbreak, collect samples and control mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 14 people infected, two are women and 12 are men. Eight patients showed symptoms of Zika, which can include fever, rash, joint pain and red eyes. The others had no symptoms. The disease is often so mild that most people don’t know they are infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to keep our residents and visitors safe utilizing constant surveillance and aggressive strategies, such as increased mosquito spraying, that have allowed our state to fight similar viruses,” the governor said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosemary LeBranch was doing laundry in Wynwood when health officials came to her house a few days ago and took urine samples from her, her daughter and her father. Her father, Gabriel Jean, tested positive, she said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had already spoken with a doctor and was advised to wear long shirts and pants outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said nothing hurts, he doesn’t have any pain. He doesn’t feel anything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jordan Davison and Melissa Felix work for a cruise line and were enjoying their day off Monday looking at Wynwood’s spray-painted murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like a big thing, right?” the 25-year-old Davidson said. “It’s kind of freaky — there’s so much going on we didn’t know, didn’t really think about it. … I might wear bug spray going forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,650 cases of Zika have been reported in U.S. states, nearly all the result of travel to a Zika-stricken country or sex with someone who was infected abroad.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name",
"headTitle": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/07/WEBNationalParksClimateSommer160801.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Sea Slug? Disco Ball? Beautiful Deep-Sea Purple Blob Puzzles Scientists",
"headTitle": "Sea Slug? Disco Ball? Beautiful Deep-Sea Purple Blob Puzzles Scientists | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Researchers have found a curious purple orb near California’s Channel Islands – and it’s left them stumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To our untrained eye, it looks a little like a really dazzling Christmas ornament. Alternatively, \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-find-mysterious-purple-orb-channel-islands-180959933/?no-ist\">Smithsonian compared\u003c/a> it to an unhatched Pokemon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recent expedition, unnamed scientists from the Nautilus exploration vessel are recording and chatting about what they’re seeing when they come across the mysterious, beautiful blob. Watch their video here: \u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/pqyKrvk0aZo?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is that?” “‘I’m stumped. I have no idea. I can’t even hazard a guess to phylum,” the team says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if it’s an egg sac of some sort?” “It looks like a disco ball right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team was able to suction up the 5 cm-wide orb, after a close encounter with a meddling crab. It was found in an underwater canyon 5,301 feet deep, spokesperson Susan Poulton from the E/V Nautilus told The Two-Way in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a closer look, the team says it is most likely a pleurobranch – a type of sea slug. That’s a nudibranch relative – and as \u003cem>Smithsonian\u003c/em> explains: “Known for their brilliant hues, nudibranchs are a type of sea slug that inhabit a range of environments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/mysterious-purple-blob-nautilus-california/\">National Geographic\u003c/a> adds that these mollusks “live in warm and cold water, on a variety of ocean surfaces. Most of them are about the size of a finger or hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However – the brilliant purple color raises some questions. “Currently none of the known species of California deep-sea pleurobranchs are purple, so this could be a new discovery,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/video/2016/07/26/mysterious-purple-orb\">the Nautilus team says\u003c/a>. “Pleurobranchs have rhinophores (ear-like structures) in a particular location and a gill under the mantle on the right side, but we are still determining if this is present on this sample,” Poulton adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the creature put on a bit of a show once it was suctioned onboard the exploration vessel. “After sampling, it began to unfold to reveal two distinct lobes,” the team says. The change is dramatic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus.jpg\" alt=\"The mysterious blob unfolded once it was on board the exploration vessel. \" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus-768x574.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mysterious blob unfolded once it was on board the exploration vessel. \u003ccite>(Ocean Exploration Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marine scientist Jeff Goddard of the University of California, Santa Barbara offered a few other guesses about what the blob could be to \u003cem>Smithsonian\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>” ‘Anytime you see a round structure like that you have to consider the possibility it’s an embryo,’ he tells Smithsonian.com. Even so, ‘the purple orb would be an unusual egg mass, especially if it contained a single large egg/embryo,’ Goddard says. An embryo of what, he’s not sure. But he also says it’s possible that it’s a fibrous sponge. Another option is a sea squirt predator. The video shows that it’s the only purple orb in an area full of gray tunicates, so it could be munching on the critters.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Poulton says the team has “sent the samples to the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology and consulted with scientists there about a potential identification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expedition leader Robert Ballard \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2012/04/14/150581903/the-strange-persistence-of-shoes-at-sea\">has a history of fascinating discoveries\u003c/a> — he’s the explorer who found the wreckage of the Titanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Two-Way has a love of deep-sea stories — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/06/477085814/secrets-of-the-mariana-trench-caught-on-camera\">let’s call this one\u003c/a> the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/27/487665728/mysterious-and-known-as-the-raven-scientists-identify-new-whale-species\">in our ongoing series\u003c/a>, “Mysteries of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/26/479621399/deep-sea-explorers-discover-a-sponge-the-size-of-a-minivan\">the Deep\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sea+Slug%3F+Disco+Ball%3F+Beautiful+Deep-Sea+Purple+Blob+Puzzles+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"I have no idea. I can't even hazard a guess to phylum,\" one scientist says. The curious orb was found and captured during a recent Nautilus expedition near California's Channel Islands.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have found a curious purple orb near California’s Channel Islands – and it’s left them stumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To our untrained eye, it looks a little like a really dazzling Christmas ornament. Alternatively, \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-find-mysterious-purple-orb-channel-islands-180959933/?no-ist\">Smithsonian compared\u003c/a> it to an unhatched Pokemon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recent expedition, unnamed scientists from the Nautilus exploration vessel are recording and chatting about what they’re seeing when they come across the mysterious, beautiful blob. Watch their video here: \u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/pqyKrvk0aZo?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is that?” “‘I’m stumped. I have no idea. I can’t even hazard a guess to phylum,” the team says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if it’s an egg sac of some sort?” “It looks like a disco ball right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team was able to suction up the 5 cm-wide orb, after a close encounter with a meddling crab. It was found in an underwater canyon 5,301 feet deep, spokesperson Susan Poulton from the E/V Nautilus told The Two-Way in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a closer look, the team says it is most likely a pleurobranch – a type of sea slug. That’s a nudibranch relative – and as \u003cem>Smithsonian\u003c/em> explains: “Known for their brilliant hues, nudibranchs are a type of sea slug that inhabit a range of environments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/mysterious-purple-blob-nautilus-california/\">National Geographic\u003c/a> adds that these mollusks “live in warm and cold water, on a variety of ocean surfaces. Most of them are about the size of a finger or hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However – the brilliant purple color raises some questions. “Currently none of the known species of California deep-sea pleurobranchs are purple, so this could be a new discovery,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nautiluslive.org/video/2016/07/26/mysterious-purple-orb\">the Nautilus team says\u003c/a>. “Pleurobranchs have rhinophores (ear-like structures) in a particular location and a gill under the mantle on the right side, but we are still determining if this is present on this sample,” Poulton adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the creature put on a bit of a show once it was suctioned onboard the exploration vessel. “After sampling, it began to unfold to reveal two distinct lobes,” the team says. The change is dramatic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus.jpg\" alt=\"The mysterious blob unfolded once it was on board the exploration vessel. \" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus-400x299.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/nautilus-768x574.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mysterious blob unfolded once it was on board the exploration vessel. \u003ccite>(Ocean Exploration Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marine scientist Jeff Goddard of the University of California, Santa Barbara offered a few other guesses about what the blob could be to \u003cem>Smithsonian\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>” ‘Anytime you see a round structure like that you have to consider the possibility it’s an embryo,’ he tells Smithsonian.com. Even so, ‘the purple orb would be an unusual egg mass, especially if it contained a single large egg/embryo,’ Goddard says. An embryo of what, he’s not sure. But he also says it’s possible that it’s a fibrous sponge. Another option is a sea squirt predator. The video shows that it’s the only purple orb in an area full of gray tunicates, so it could be munching on the critters.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Poulton says the team has “sent the samples to the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology and consulted with scientists there about a potential identification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expedition leader Robert Ballard \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2012/04/14/150581903/the-strange-persistence-of-shoes-at-sea\">has a history of fascinating discoveries\u003c/a> — he’s the explorer who found the wreckage of the Titanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Two-Way has a love of deep-sea stories — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/06/477085814/secrets-of-the-mariana-trench-caught-on-camera\">let’s call this one\u003c/a> the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/27/487665728/mysterious-and-known-as-the-raven-scientists-identify-new-whale-species\">in our ongoing series\u003c/a>, “Mysteries of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/26/479621399/deep-sea-explorers-discover-a-sponge-the-size-of-a-minivan\">the Deep\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sea+Slug%3F+Disco+Ball%3F+Beautiful+Deep-Sea+Purple+Blob+Puzzles+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Warming at Alarming Rate, Lake Tahoe Reflects Rapid Sierra Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is showing some severe impacts from the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicators released Thursday in the annual “\u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Lake\u003c/a>” report packed a few surprises, even for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, the lake has been warming faster than ever recorded. In 2015 the lake’s average temperature rose 0.48 degrees Fahrenheit — and over the last four years, the rise was 15 times faster than the lake’s historic warming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That came as a surprise to me,” says Geoffrey Schladow, a UC Davis freshwater scientist and lead author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the enormous volume of Lake Tahoe, Schladow is struck by how quickly it warmed. Schladow says if you took the full volume of water in Tahoe and spread it out over California, it would cover the state in 15 inches of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a lot of water,” he notes. “We’re not saying that it’s going to keep increasing at that rate, but the fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.’\u003ccite>Geoffrey Schladow, UC Davis freshwater scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more disturbing to scientists is how all this warming has affected the lake’s ability to mix its own waters, a natural process that is thermally driven. The warm winters have stunted that process, meaning that oxygen-rich surface water is not making it to the lake bottom, depriving fish and other life forms of oxygen. Scientists routinely measure how deep the mixing occurs — the deeper, the healthier for the lake — and last year’s level was 262 feet, the most shallow ever recorded. Tahoe’s maximum depth is more than 1600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing now is that the climate and the weather are starting to affect the lake more directly,” says Schladow, who notes that Tahoe is only a mirror held up to the rest of the state; if this critical mixing process is shutting down in Tahoe, it’s doubtless happening in other lakes around the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 716px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg\" alt=\"The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe -- and elsewhere in the Sierra -- is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state's water supply.\" width=\"716\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg 716w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe — and elsewhere in the Sierra — is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state’s water supply. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have warned that the Sierra would gradually see more rain and less snow because of the warming climate, a trend that has potentially dire consequences for California’s water supply. But the trend of the last few years has been stunning. The report’s authors noted that during the winter of 2014-2015, just 6.5 percent of precipitation at the lake level fell in the form of snow. Decades ago it was more like a 50-50 mix.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is showing some severe impacts from the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicators released Thursday in the annual “\u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Lake\u003c/a>” report packed a few surprises, even for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, the lake has been warming faster than ever recorded. In 2015 the lake’s average temperature rose 0.48 degrees Fahrenheit — and over the last four years, the rise was 15 times faster than the lake’s historic warming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That came as a surprise to me,” says Geoffrey Schladow, a UC Davis freshwater scientist and lead author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the enormous volume of Lake Tahoe, Schladow is struck by how quickly it warmed. Schladow says if you took the full volume of water in Tahoe and spread it out over California, it would cover the state in 15 inches of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a lot of water,” he notes. “We’re not saying that it’s going to keep increasing at that rate, but the fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fact that it can change so quickly is disturbing.’\u003ccite>Geoffrey Schladow, UC Davis freshwater scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Even more disturbing to scientists is how all this warming has affected the lake’s ability to mix its own waters, a natural process that is thermally driven. The warm winters have stunted that process, meaning that oxygen-rich surface water is not making it to the lake bottom, depriving fish and other life forms of oxygen. Scientists routinely measure how deep the mixing occurs — the deeper, the healthier for the lake — and last year’s level was 262 feet, the most shallow ever recorded. Tahoe’s maximum depth is more than 1600 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing now is that the climate and the weather are starting to affect the lake more directly,” says Schladow, who notes that Tahoe is only a mirror held up to the rest of the state; if this critical mixing process is shutting down in Tahoe, it’s doubtless happening in other lakes around the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_882001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 716px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-882001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg\" alt=\"The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe -- and elsewhere in the Sierra -- is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state's water supply.\" width=\"716\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429.jpg 716w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/sotl_2016_snow_as_precipitation_ver1605263-716x429-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The long-term trend at Lake Tahoe — and elsewhere in the Sierra — is for more rain and less snow, which affects the state’s water supply. \u003ccite>(UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have warned that the Sierra would gradually see more rain and less snow because of the warming climate, a trend that has potentially dire consequences for California’s water supply. But the trend of the last few years has been stunning. The report’s authors noted that during the winter of 2014-2015, just 6.5 percent of precipitation at the lake level fell in the form of snow. Decades ago it was more like a 50-50 mix.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Adds Atrazine to List of Toxic Chemicals, But No Ban",
"headTitle": "California Adds Atrazine to List of Toxic Chemicals, But No Ban | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Atrazine has been a dirty word among environmentalists for decades. Now state and federal agencies are coming down on the weed killer, amid troubling evidence that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/99/8/5476.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disrupts hormones\u003c/a> and contributes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birth defects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, California added atrazine to the Prop 65 list of toxic chemicals since it’s known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Menstrual_cycle_women_Cragin_20111.pdf\">reproductive harm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s known to affect animals, wildlife, laboratory animals and the data suggests also affects humans.’\u003ccite>Tyrone Hayes, UC Berkeley biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And in June, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/EPA-draft-ecological-risk-assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared\u003c/a>, “there are risk concerns for mammals, birds, reptiles, plants and plant communities across the country for many atrazine uses.” The agency opened a public comment period for its atrazine draft ecological risk assessment, which is based on new studies. By the end of the year it will issue a separate report on atrazine’s human impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a major about-face for the EPA. Initially, in 2006, the EPA said atrazine \u003ca href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/atrazine_combined_docs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wasn’t a concern\u003c/a>, and that \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">“the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, the agency has changed its tune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the EPA is saying now, which I told them 20 years ago, is that this compound is found at levels in the environment where it’s known to affect animals, wildlife, laboratory animals and the data suggests also affects humans,” says biologist \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/hayest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tyrone Hayes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley scientist has spent decades researching atrazine’s health implications on amphibians. He discovered that the pesticide chemically castrates male frogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hayes published his findings about the chemical, Syngenta, the Swiss-based company that produces atrazine, attempted to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/a-valuable-reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discredit him\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not a Household Name\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atrazine is the second most commonly used herbicide in the United States but chances are you’ve never bought it. It’s mainly used on Midwestern corn, sorghum and sugar cane crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California uses more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/pur14rep/14_pur.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20,000 pounds a year\u003c/a>, mostly on corn and grass for livestock in San Joaquin and Imperial county, according to Paul Towers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also occasionally sprayed on golf courses and lawns. In home improvement stores like \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowes.com/pd/Sta-Green-5000-Sq-Ft-Ultra-Southern-Phosphorus-Free-Lawn-Fertilizer-and-Atrazine-Weed-Control/3031892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lowe’s\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/IMAGE-32-oz-Concentrate-Herbicide-for-St-Augustine-Grass-and-Centipede-Grass-100099401/100598626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Depot\u003c/a> it’s sold as a fertilizer and herbicide for grass, although in California only certified applicators, like farm owners, can purchase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Prop 65, the state must publish a \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals\">list of chemicals\u003c/a> known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. California businesses must also warn the public of exposure to substances on the list, which is why you may have seen signs at gas stations, parking garages and convenience stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting July 15, 2017, products with atrazine sold in California will require a warning if exposure occurs at high enough levels. The state is \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/notice-proposed-rulemaking-madls-atrazine-propazine-simazine-24-diamino-6-chloro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">currently deciding \u003c/a>what that level should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since approval is required to purchase atrazine, the new labeling requirements will mainly affect the farming industry. Consumers likely won’t see a change on the products they buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towers says there’s little concern about the agricultural chemical contaminating California produce, but tap water is a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has the ability to persist in water for long periods of time, particularly through drinking water, that’s one of the greatest threats to our health and that of our children,” says Towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical seeps into soil and enters waterways, where it can contaminate tap water. The EPA requires workers using the pesticide to wear protective gear and doesn’t allow spraying near rivers, lakes or other waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2004 Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/tap-water/whatsinyourwater/CA/Rancho-California-Water-District/3310038/\">report\u003c/a> found dangerously high levels of atrazine in drinking water in Riverside, Bakerfield and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA recently established a new “level of concern” for wildlife exposed to atrazine. Anything above that level likely causes harm. Unfortunately, the agency’s own reporting shows this environmental level was “exceeded by as much as 22, 198 and 62 times for birds, mammals and fish, respectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta criticized the EPA’s draft risk assessment, saying it “contains numerous data and methodological errors and needs to be corrected.” In an email, a company spokesperson said, “atrazine’s safety has been established in nearly 7,000 scientific studies over more than 50 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Too Little, Too Late?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes says it’s good news that the state added the pesticide to the Prop 65 list, but the federal review feels like too little too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like those stories you hear about the guy that’s been in jail for four years, who was falsely accused of murder,” says Hayes. “Of course you’re happy, now you’re out of jail, but you’ve also been in jail for four years — or in my case twenty years — so it’s sort of mixed feelings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached for comment, EPA spokesperson Cathy Milbourn said, “EPA considers all available science, including studies submitted to the agency in support of registration, as well as scientific open literature, in developing its risk assessments and decisions to register pesticides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Union banned atrazine in 2004, citing ubiquitous water contamination. But the EPA won’t say whether a ban is on the table, despite the mounting evidence. Why? Hayes opines that economic interests play a role — atrazine is big business for Syngenta. Even the Prop 65 designation took over a year because Syngenta sued the EPA and the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/listingnoticetriazines070516.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to delay\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Atrazine has been a dirty word among environmentalists for decades. Now state and federal agencies are coming down on the weed killer, amid troubling evidence that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/99/8/5476.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disrupts hormones\u003c/a> and contributes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birth defects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, California added atrazine to the Prop 65 list of toxic chemicals since it’s known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Menstrual_cycle_women_Cragin_20111.pdf\">reproductive harm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s known to affect animals, wildlife, laboratory animals and the data suggests also affects humans.’\u003ccite>Tyrone Hayes, UC Berkeley biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And in June, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/EPA-draft-ecological-risk-assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared\u003c/a>, “there are risk concerns for mammals, birds, reptiles, plants and plant communities across the country for many atrazine uses.” The agency opened a public comment period for its atrazine draft ecological risk assessment, which is based on new studies. By the end of the year it will issue a separate report on atrazine’s human impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a major about-face for the EPA. Initially, in 2006, the EPA said atrazine \u003ca href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/atrazine_combined_docs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wasn’t a concern\u003c/a>, and that \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">“the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, the agency has changed its tune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the EPA is saying now, which I told them 20 years ago, is that this compound is found at levels in the environment where it’s known to affect animals, wildlife, laboratory animals and the data suggests also affects humans,” says biologist \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/hayest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tyrone Hayes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley scientist has spent decades researching atrazine’s health implications on amphibians. He discovered that the pesticide chemically castrates male frogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hayes published his findings about the chemical, Syngenta, the Swiss-based company that produces atrazine, attempted to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/a-valuable-reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discredit him\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not a Household Name\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atrazine is the second most commonly used herbicide in the United States but chances are you’ve never bought it. It’s mainly used on Midwestern corn, sorghum and sugar cane crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California uses more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/pur14rep/14_pur.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20,000 pounds a year\u003c/a>, mostly on corn and grass for livestock in San Joaquin and Imperial county, according to Paul Towers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also occasionally sprayed on golf courses and lawns. In home improvement stores like \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowes.com/pd/Sta-Green-5000-Sq-Ft-Ultra-Southern-Phosphorus-Free-Lawn-Fertilizer-and-Atrazine-Weed-Control/3031892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lowe’s\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/IMAGE-32-oz-Concentrate-Herbicide-for-St-Augustine-Grass-and-Centipede-Grass-100099401/100598626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Depot\u003c/a> it’s sold as a fertilizer and herbicide for grass, although in California only certified applicators, like farm owners, can purchase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Prop 65, the state must publish a \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals\">list of chemicals\u003c/a> known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. California businesses must also warn the public of exposure to substances on the list, which is why you may have seen signs at gas stations, parking garages and convenience stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting July 15, 2017, products with atrazine sold in California will require a warning if exposure occurs at high enough levels. The state is \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/notice-proposed-rulemaking-madls-atrazine-propazine-simazine-24-diamino-6-chloro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">currently deciding \u003c/a>what that level should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since approval is required to purchase atrazine, the new labeling requirements will mainly affect the farming industry. Consumers likely won’t see a change on the products they buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towers says there’s little concern about the agricultural chemical contaminating California produce, but tap water is a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has the ability to persist in water for long periods of time, particularly through drinking water, that’s one of the greatest threats to our health and that of our children,” says Towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical seeps into soil and enters waterways, where it can contaminate tap water. The EPA requires workers using the pesticide to wear protective gear and doesn’t allow spraying near rivers, lakes or other waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2004 Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/tap-water/whatsinyourwater/CA/Rancho-California-Water-District/3310038/\">report\u003c/a> found dangerously high levels of atrazine in drinking water in Riverside, Bakerfield and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA recently established a new “level of concern” for wildlife exposed to atrazine. Anything above that level likely causes harm. Unfortunately, the agency’s own reporting shows this environmental level was “exceeded by as much as 22, 198 and 62 times for birds, mammals and fish, respectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta criticized the EPA’s draft risk assessment, saying it “contains numerous data and methodological errors and needs to be corrected.” In an email, a company spokesperson said, “atrazine’s safety has been established in nearly 7,000 scientific studies over more than 50 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Too Little, Too Late?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes says it’s good news that the state added the pesticide to the Prop 65 list, but the federal review feels like too little too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like those stories you hear about the guy that’s been in jail for four years, who was falsely accused of murder,” says Hayes. “Of course you’re happy, now you’re out of jail, but you’ve also been in jail for four years — or in my case twenty years — so it’s sort of mixed feelings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached for comment, EPA spokesperson Cathy Milbourn said, “EPA considers all available science, including studies submitted to the agency in support of registration, as well as scientific open literature, in developing its risk assessments and decisions to register pesticides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Union banned atrazine in 2004, citing ubiquitous water contamination. But the EPA won’t say whether a ban is on the table, despite the mounting evidence. Why? Hayes opines that economic interests play a role — atrazine is big business for Syngenta. Even the Prop 65 designation took over a year because Syngenta sued the EPA and the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/listingnoticetriazines070516.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to delay\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Smoke From Big Sur Fire Prompts New Spare the Air Alerts",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 2:15 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/strong>: With a blanket of smoke continuing to drift north from the \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/soberanes-fire-updates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> in Monterey County, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District has extended its Spare the Air alert for the region through Thursday .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As before, the Wednesday and Thursday alerts were triggered by high ozone levels, especially in the Santa Clara Valley and eastern Contra Costa and Alameda counties. The air agency and weather forecasters say no significant relief is expected from the smoky conditions until a trough of low pressure dislodges a dome of high pressure that has built over California and the Southwest. That's not expected to happen until this weekend at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the fire lines, Cal Fire reported that an on-call bulldozer operator, part of the 3,000-person force called in to contain the blaze just inland from the northern reaches of the Big Sur coast, was killed during night-time operations early Wednesday. The exact circumstances of the incident haven't been reported. A second dozer operator survived an accident in which his machine rolled over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midday Wednesday, the Soberanes blaze, which started last Friday, had burned through about 24,000 acres of drought-desiccated chaparral and forest in the mountains between Carmel Highlands and Point Sur. The fire is just 10 percent contained and fire managers estimate that full containment won't be achieved until Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is believed to have started in \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=579\" target=\"_blank\">Garrapata State Park\u003c/a>, a 3,000-acre property that features a precipitous coastal ridge. The fire has burned through virtually all of Garrapata and has prompted the closure of several other popular destinations in the area, including Andrew Molera and Julia Pfeiffer Big Sur state parks, Point Lobos Marine Reserve and the historic Point Sur lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to challenging terrain, firefighters are facing challenges from hot, dry weather and a temperature inversion that has trapped smoke near ground level in some locations and limited the use of aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, July 26):\u003c/strong> That unusual coppery cast to the sunlight Tuesday morning? It's caused by smoke that continues to spread from the \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/soberanes-fire-updates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, burning in the Monterey County mountains along the northern end of the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze, which Cal Fire said \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/uploads/3/9/6/8/39687906/soberanes_fire_7-26_am_fact_sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Tuesday morning\u003c/a> has burned 19,311 acres and is 10 percent contained, spread haze across much of the region and prompted the Bay Area Air Quality Management District to declare a second straight Spare the Air day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2016/2016-038-sta-alert-tenth-072216pd-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">district statement\u003c/a> says that strong high pressure over the region, along with smoke drifting north and east, will lead to high ozone levels in both the Santa Clara Valley and the hot eastern sector of Alameda and Contra Costa counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11032019\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 679px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/smokeforecastloop.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11032019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/smokeforecastloop.gif\" alt=\"Smoke forecast from NOAA's Air Resource Laboratory. \" width=\"679\" height=\"532\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smoke forecast from NOAA's Air Resource Laboratory. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A week of poor air quality is expected in our region due to high temperatures, stagnant air and smoke from the\u003cbr>\nSoberanes Fire,” said Jack Broadbent, the air agency's executive officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point of the Spare the Air alert, in case you've forgotten, is to get us to limit our use of cars and other machines that use internal combustion engines. Their exhaust is a principal contributor to high ozone levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's forecast highs east of the Oakland and Berkeley hills include 103 in San Ramon; 102 in Lafayette, Livermore and Pleasanton; 100 in Concord; and 98 in Antioch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=MTR&issuedby=MTR&product=AFD&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1\" target=\"_blank\">forecasts\u003c/a> lower temperatures and clearing skies later in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of the Soberanes Fire are not just a Bay Area concern, by the way. Reno, a good 300 miles from Big Sur, has experienced \u003ca href=\"http://www.rgj.com/story/news/2016/07/25/layer-smoke-reno-california-fire/87529006/\" target=\"_blank\">elevated air pollution levels\u003c/a> from the smoke -- a situation expected to continue most of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple additional smoke forecast and observation resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://airquality.weather.gov/sectors/northcalifornia.php?period=1#tabs\" target=\"_blank\">interactive air quality guidance\u003c/a> for Northern California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/current_text.html\" target=\"_blank\">daily narrative\u003c/a> for observed smoke.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Current \u003ca href=\"http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/smoke-bin/smokevrf.pl?dy=25\">smoke forecast verification\u003c/a> from NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 2:15 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/strong>: With a blanket of smoke continuing to drift north from the \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/soberanes-fire-updates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> in Monterey County, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District has extended its Spare the Air alert for the region through Thursday .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As before, the Wednesday and Thursday alerts were triggered by high ozone levels, especially in the Santa Clara Valley and eastern Contra Costa and Alameda counties. The air agency and weather forecasters say no significant relief is expected from the smoky conditions until a trough of low pressure dislodges a dome of high pressure that has built over California and the Southwest. That's not expected to happen until this weekend at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the fire lines, Cal Fire reported that an on-call bulldozer operator, part of the 3,000-person force called in to contain the blaze just inland from the northern reaches of the Big Sur coast, was killed during night-time operations early Wednesday. The exact circumstances of the incident haven't been reported. A second dozer operator survived an accident in which his machine rolled over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midday Wednesday, the Soberanes blaze, which started last Friday, had burned through about 24,000 acres of drought-desiccated chaparral and forest in the mountains between Carmel Highlands and Point Sur. The fire is just 10 percent contained and fire managers estimate that full containment won't be achieved until Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire is believed to have started in \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=579\" target=\"_blank\">Garrapata State Park\u003c/a>, a 3,000-acre property that features a precipitous coastal ridge. The fire has burned through virtually all of Garrapata and has prompted the closure of several other popular destinations in the area, including Andrew Molera and Julia Pfeiffer Big Sur state parks, Point Lobos Marine Reserve and the historic Point Sur lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to challenging terrain, firefighters are facing challenges from hot, dry weather and a temperature inversion that has trapped smoke near ground level in some locations and limited the use of aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, July 26):\u003c/strong> That unusual coppery cast to the sunlight Tuesday morning? It's caused by smoke that continues to spread from the \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/soberanes-fire-updates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, burning in the Monterey County mountains along the northern end of the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze, which Cal Fire said \u003ca href=\"http://calfireinformation.weebly.com/uploads/3/9/6/8/39687906/soberanes_fire_7-26_am_fact_sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Tuesday morning\u003c/a> has burned 19,311 acres and is 10 percent contained, spread haze across much of the region and prompted the Bay Area Air Quality Management District to declare a second straight Spare the Air day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2016/2016-038-sta-alert-tenth-072216pd-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">district statement\u003c/a> says that strong high pressure over the region, along with smoke drifting north and east, will lead to high ozone levels in both the Santa Clara Valley and the hot eastern sector of Alameda and Contra Costa counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11032019\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 679px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/smokeforecastloop.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11032019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/smokeforecastloop.gif\" alt=\"Smoke forecast from NOAA's Air Resource Laboratory. \" width=\"679\" height=\"532\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smoke forecast from NOAA's Air Resource Laboratory. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A week of poor air quality is expected in our region due to high temperatures, stagnant air and smoke from the\u003cbr>\nSoberanes Fire,” said Jack Broadbent, the air agency's executive officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point of the Spare the Air alert, in case you've forgotten, is to get us to limit our use of cars and other machines that use internal combustion engines. Their exhaust is a principal contributor to high ozone levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's forecast highs east of the Oakland and Berkeley hills include 103 in San Ramon; 102 in Lafayette, Livermore and Pleasanton; 100 in Concord; and 98 in Antioch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=MTR&issuedby=MTR&product=AFD&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1\" target=\"_blank\">forecasts\u003c/a> lower temperatures and clearing skies later in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of the Soberanes Fire are not just a Bay Area concern, by the way. Reno, a good 300 miles from Big Sur, has experienced \u003ca href=\"http://www.rgj.com/story/news/2016/07/25/layer-smoke-reno-california-fire/87529006/\" target=\"_blank\">elevated air pollution levels\u003c/a> from the smoke -- a situation expected to continue most of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple additional smoke forecast and observation resources:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://airquality.weather.gov/sectors/northcalifornia.php?period=1#tabs\" target=\"_blank\">interactive air quality guidance\u003c/a> for Northern California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>NOAA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/current_text.html\" target=\"_blank\">daily narrative\u003c/a> for observed smoke.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Current \u003ca href=\"http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/smoke-bin/smokevrf.pl?dy=25\">smoke forecast verification\u003c/a> from NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A pet 75-pound tortoise has been reunited with his owners who were forced to leave him behind, after sheriff’s deputies found the animal trying to escape the wildfire that had prompted an evacuation order in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That evacuation order was among those lifted on Monday, giving relief to many of the 20,000 people who had been forced to flee the Sand Fire north of Los Angeles. But the situation is far from resolved: other areas remain under evacuation orders, and state officials have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/26/sand-fire-l-a-county-declares-state-of-emergency/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared an emergency in Los Angeles County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekend evacuation also covered Tank the tortoise — whose nickname, Pebbles, comes from his early life when his owners thought perhaps he was female — but the reptile was forced to stay behind when his owner, Wendy Collins, and her husband fled their home in Santa Clarita on Saturday afternoon. Collins \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/pet-tortoise-reunited-family-walking-quickly-la-wildfire/story?id=40887019\">tells ABC News\u003c/a> that she wasn’t able to get home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the tight time frame he was given, my husband was only able to take our two dogs, his bearded dragon and the essentials,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfires have led \u003ca href=\"http://animalcare.lacounty.gov/wps/portal/acc\">Los Angeles County Animal Care and Control\u003c/a> facilities to take in 768 pets and a range of animals, officials say. The agency lists some of the animals it has sheltered during the fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>377 horses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>187 goats\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>117 chickens\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>34 pigs\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Also included: a Brahma bull, llama, mules, sheep, rabbits, ducks, turkeys, donkeys — and three tortoises, officials say. The overall number has fluctuated along with fire conditions, according to Aaron Reyes, deputy director of the County of Los Angeles Animal Care and Control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was bustling early on,” Reyes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”WTPEeVL8XUcdtBWH2dzfgSuL4jM3fVQe”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animals are given refuge in large RV trailers that were deployed around the county to act as “mini kennels,” says Reyes, who adds that they were purchased with funds from a grant. And because many pet owners go to Red Cross shelters — which don’t accept animals — the teams often set up an Animal Safe trailer nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Tank’s race to safety, Reyes says his agency got a call from the sheriff’s department about “a tortoise that was running down the street, and away from the fire zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a “very chaotic” time, Reyes says, adding that another account of the event described Tank as being on his owners’ property, near a gate. In any case, the animal displayed testudinal fortitude — and besides, Reyes, says, “unless we can interview a tortoise,” we might never know the details of his escape from danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that’s certain, Reyes says: It was imperative to “grab that tortoise and get out of there,” because the fire was only a few hundred yards away. Animal Control workers were also able to leave a notice at the Collinses’ house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really happy that he was impounded” and taken to safety, where the tortoise rested comfortably, Reyes says, adding that the tortoise’s owners “were very emotional and thankful to the staff for picking Tank up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike some other homes in their area, the Collinses’ house survived the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing the tortoise’s homecoming for ABC, Collins said Tank went straight to bed when he got back home, adding, “He’s adorable. We’re so glad this had a happy ending.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A pet 75-pound tortoise has been reunited with his owners who were forced to leave him behind, after sheriff’s deputies found the animal trying to escape the wildfire that had prompted an evacuation order in Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That evacuation order was among those lifted on Monday, giving relief to many of the 20,000 people who had been forced to flee the Sand Fire north of Los Angeles. But the situation is far from resolved: other areas remain under evacuation orders, and state officials have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/26/sand-fire-l-a-county-declares-state-of-emergency/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared an emergency in Los Angeles County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekend evacuation also covered Tank the tortoise — whose nickname, Pebbles, comes from his early life when his owners thought perhaps he was female — but the reptile was forced to stay behind when his owner, Wendy Collins, and her husband fled their home in Santa Clarita on Saturday afternoon. Collins \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/pet-tortoise-reunited-family-walking-quickly-la-wildfire/story?id=40887019\">tells ABC News\u003c/a> that she wasn’t able to get home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the tight time frame he was given, my husband was only able to take our two dogs, his bearded dragon and the essentials,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfires have led \u003ca href=\"http://animalcare.lacounty.gov/wps/portal/acc\">Los Angeles County Animal Care and Control\u003c/a> facilities to take in 768 pets and a range of animals, officials say. The agency lists some of the animals it has sheltered during the fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>377 horses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>187 goats\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>117 chickens\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>34 pigs\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Also included: a Brahma bull, llama, mules, sheep, rabbits, ducks, turkeys, donkeys — and three tortoises, officials say. The overall number has fluctuated along with fire conditions, according to Aaron Reyes, deputy director of the County of Los Angeles Animal Care and Control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Winter storms have been eroding coastal bluffs at California’s Redwood National Park, and as the cliffs disappear, the buried remains of Native American archaeological sites are at risk of falling into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such site is called Summer Place, says Suntayea Steinruck, a member of the Tolowa Dee-ni’ Nation and a tribal heritage preservation officer. Her ancestors hunted and fished around what used to be a small village there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing that our ancestors derived from this place. I mean, it’s beautiful here. It has a name for a reason, you know: Summer Place,” Steinruck says from a bluff high above the ocean. “We have that connection with the environment, I think, and knowing exactly where we come from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cliffs have eroded about 3 feet since 2007, says Michael Peterson, a Redwood National Park archaeologist. He connects the recent intensity and frequency of winter storms to global climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen whole logs, redwood logs laying up on top the rocks that are like 12 feet above the high-tide level. You could tell how big the storm, the waves were,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the bluff, Peterson pulls out a series of old photos and maps of the cliffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He does a quick visual comparison with the land before him. Descending toward the beach, he sees evidence of a fire pit that wasn’t visible previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uIh9XSpc0RHwbQVTXqOgotwIPuZRdECN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, Redwood National Park and local tribes have collaborated to stabilize the ground at the old Tolowa village site. They’ve built fences and trails to keep visitors out of erosion-prone areas. They’ve laid down jute fiber to hold the ground and encourage vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s difficult to hold back the ocean. And at heavily used sites like this one, national park visitors themselves present an additional challenge, Peterson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At any place you have historic or prehistoric activity, in combination with climate change and erosion, you will have increased amount of artifacts coming to the surface,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has made looting easier. The park and tribes are working to increase their presence here, but funding is short. Until now, the archaeological philosophy of the park at this village site has been “keep it in the ground” — largely out of respect to tribal members, like Steinruck and her ancestors. But climate change may force them to reconsider that approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we maintain their resting spots to where they’re not disturbed? Or how do we address them in a way that’s culturally appropriate? And so for me, that’s a heavy burden I think a lot of us have to bear, because we have to look at that reality of it,” Steinruck says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is, despite all the park’s efforts, the Summer Place is still eroding. The park and tribes may soon need to decide whether they should study the village site more intrusively before it washes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Oregon Public Broadcasting. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org\">Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/486471614/487522894\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles County supervisors on Tuesday declared a local state of emergency for the \u003ca href=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/sand-fire-los-angeles-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sand Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire has torn through more than 58 square miles of dry brush, burned 18 homes and temporarily displaced about 20,000 people in Santa Clarita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move allows Gov. Jerry Brown to direct the state to take formal action to assist the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will provide the reimbursements for firefighting personnel because we have personnel from all over California in the Santa Clarita Valley and Antelope Valley fighting this fire,” said County Supervisor Mike Antonovich. “It will provide assistance for those who had their homes and property damaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CountyofLA/status/757992223677874176\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once containment is reached, that funding will be used to create a relief center where those impacted by the fire can access all of the various services available to them, Antonovich told KPCC ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters aided by calm winds and cool night air managed to tighten their hold on the fire, increasing containment to 25 percent by Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those calmer winds and higher humidity levels slowed the fire’s growth, said Ralph Gonzales, a fire information officer and member of the Southern California Interagency Incident Management Team 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winds that had gusted to as high as 25 mph on Sunday along ridgelines slowed considerably on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/sand-fire-los-angeles-2016/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighting efforts also benefited from a boost in personnel and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 personnel were stationed outside the fire area by the end of the day Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday after 11 a.m. is a period that fire crews are paying attention to, Gonzales said. Lower humidity, continued high temperatures and the terrain will influence the fire, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said Tuesday morning the fire is moving on the east side toward Messenger Peak and Mount Gleeson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jay Nichols, with the Southern California Interagency Incident Management Team, said authorities are expecting minimal spread on the north side of the fire. The west side of the fire still has the potential to impact Sand Canyon and Placerita Canyon, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evacuation orders are still in place for those two communities. Almost everyone else is being allowed back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11032218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11032218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Residents and family members return to a home that was destroyed by the Sand Fire on July 25, 2016 in Santa Clarita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents and family members return to a home that was destroyed by the Sand Fire on July 25, 2016, in Santa Clarita. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The county is seeking ways to lease or acquire more aerial firefighting equipment. The county currently has a contract for the use of four Canada-based Super Scoopers, massive amphibious planes that can scoop up and then drop more than 1,000 gallons of water without having to land. But the aircraft won’t be available for another month, when fire season ends in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contract is from September through January, and those were the fire seasons of the past, but now we have a fire season 52 weeks out of the year,” Antonovich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is considering different approaches to extend that coverage, including a year-round lease, hiring them directly or creating a joint powers authority to share the cost among different municipalities, Antonovich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has bumped up a lease for a helitanker, which should be available Monday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities, meanwhile, have identified a man they say was killed in the Sand Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of 67-year-old Robert Bresnick was discovered in a burned-out car outside a home on Saturday. The L.A. County coroner identified Bresnick Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bresnick was at a friend’s house when officials ordered evacuations for the area, according to Ed Winter, assistant chief at the L.A. County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He ignored the fire department’s orders to evacuate, and went back in the house, then came out and got in his car, and apparently the fire overtook the vehicle,” Winter told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bresnick’s friend successfully evacuated, but Bresnick was declared dead at the scene. Winter said an autopsy is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evacuations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most residents have been told they can return to their homes, officials warned a few areas are still closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Klsy8DAI-eNKT91I-UA5nrMfB58\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The areas still under evacuation include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Placerita Canyon Road from Running Horse Lane to Pacy Street\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Little Tujunga Canyon Road from the Wildlife Way Station to Sand Canyon Road & Placerita Canyon Road\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Aqua Dulce Canyon Road from quarter-mile south of the 14 Freeway to Soledad Canyon Road\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Soledad Canyon Road 1 mile from Aqua Dulce Road in both directions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Quality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe South Coast Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"http://www3.aqmd.gov/webappl/gisaqi2/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a revised smoke advisory\u003c/a> Tuesday, warning that the areas most affected will be Acton and into the Antelope Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke will likely move toward the north and northeast through the night and could settle in the valley overnight, according to AQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following areas are most likely to have unhealthy air because of smoke from the Sand Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Portions of the Santa Clarita Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Portions of the San Gabriel Mountains\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A computer model from the U.S. Forest Service \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/maps/2016-sand-fire-smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows how the smoke is projected to move\u003c/a> through the region from Tuesday to Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The wildfire has torn through more than 58 square miles of dry brush, burned 18 homes and temporarily displaced about 20,000 people in Santa Clarita.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles County supervisors on Tuesday declared a local state of emergency for the \u003ca href=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/sand-fire-los-angeles-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sand Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire has torn through more than 58 square miles of dry brush, burned 18 homes and temporarily displaced about 20,000 people in Santa Clarita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move allows Gov. Jerry Brown to direct the state to take formal action to assist the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will provide the reimbursements for firefighting personnel because we have personnel from all over California in the Santa Clarita Valley and Antelope Valley fighting this fire,” said County Supervisor Mike Antonovich. “It will provide assistance for those who had their homes and property damaged.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once containment is reached, that funding will be used to create a relief center where those impacted by the fire can access all of the various services available to them, Antonovich told KPCC ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters aided by calm winds and cool night air managed to tighten their hold on the fire, increasing containment to 25 percent by Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those calmer winds and higher humidity levels slowed the fire’s growth, said Ralph Gonzales, a fire information officer and member of the Southern California Interagency Incident Management Team 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winds that had gusted to as high as 25 mph on Sunday along ridgelines slowed considerably on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/sand-fire-los-angeles-2016/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighting efforts also benefited from a boost in personnel and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 personnel were stationed outside the fire area by the end of the day Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday after 11 a.m. is a period that fire crews are paying attention to, Gonzales said. Lower humidity, continued high temperatures and the terrain will influence the fire, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said Tuesday morning the fire is moving on the east side toward Messenger Peak and Mount Gleeson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jay Nichols, with the Southern California Interagency Incident Management Team, said authorities are expecting minimal spread on the north side of the fire. The west side of the fire still has the potential to impact Sand Canyon and Placerita Canyon, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evacuation orders are still in place for those two communities. Almost everyone else is being allowed back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11032218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11032218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Residents and family members return to a home that was destroyed by the Sand Fire on July 25, 2016 in Santa Clarita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/SanFireDestruction-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents and family members return to a home that was destroyed by the Sand Fire on July 25, 2016, in Santa Clarita. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The county is seeking ways to lease or acquire more aerial firefighting equipment. The county currently has a contract for the use of four Canada-based Super Scoopers, massive amphibious planes that can scoop up and then drop more than 1,000 gallons of water without having to land. But the aircraft won’t be available for another month, when fire season ends in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contract is from September through January, and those were the fire seasons of the past, but now we have a fire season 52 weeks out of the year,” Antonovich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is considering different approaches to extend that coverage, including a year-round lease, hiring them directly or creating a joint powers authority to share the cost among different municipalities, Antonovich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has bumped up a lease for a helitanker, which should be available Monday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities, meanwhile, have identified a man they say was killed in the Sand Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of 67-year-old Robert Bresnick was discovered in a burned-out car outside a home on Saturday. The L.A. County coroner identified Bresnick Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bresnick was at a friend’s house when officials ordered evacuations for the area, according to Ed Winter, assistant chief at the L.A. County Coroner’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He ignored the fire department’s orders to evacuate, and went back in the house, then came out and got in his car, and apparently the fire overtook the vehicle,” Winter told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bresnick’s friend successfully evacuated, but Bresnick was declared dead at the scene. Winter said an autopsy is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evacuations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most residents have been told they can return to their homes, officials warned a few areas are still closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1Klsy8DAI-eNKT91I-UA5nrMfB58\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The areas still under evacuation include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Placerita Canyon Road from Running Horse Lane to Pacy Street\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Little Tujunga Canyon Road from the Wildlife Way Station to Sand Canyon Road & Placerita Canyon Road\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Aqua Dulce Canyon Road from quarter-mile south of the 14 Freeway to Soledad Canyon Road\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Soledad Canyon Road 1 mile from Aqua Dulce Road in both directions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Quality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe South Coast Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"http://www3.aqmd.gov/webappl/gisaqi2/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a revised smoke advisory\u003c/a> Tuesday, warning that the areas most affected will be Acton and into the Antelope Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke will likely move toward the north and northeast through the night and could settle in the valley overnight, according to AQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following areas are most likely to have unhealthy air because of smoke from the Sand Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Portions of the Santa Clarita Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Portions of the San Gabriel Mountains\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A computer model from the U.S. Forest Service \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/maps/2016-sand-fire-smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows how the smoke is projected to move\u003c/a> through the region from Tuesday to Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Measuring Californians' Daily Water Footprint",
"headTitle": "Measuring Californians’ Daily Water Footprint | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In California we commonly debate how much water is used by agriculture, the environment, industry and urban users. We talk about water in terms of acre-feet and entire sectors. But we spend less time thinking about water on the individual level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water conservation mandate helped bring this back into focus, at least for a time. But the information on water usage provided by water utilities on our monthly bills is only a small part of how much water we really use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The average American consumes about 2,220 gallons of water per day.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a better sense of your water usage there is an online tool, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.watercalculator.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>, developed by \u003ca href=\"http://www.gracelinks.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRACE Communications Foundation\u003c/a>. The calculator walks you through how much water you use in your home and yard, but also how much is related to the energy you use, how much you drive, how much you shop, how much you recycle and the food you (and your pets) eat. If you take all those things into consideration, it turns out the average American consumes about 2,220 gallons (over 8,300 liters) of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to at least be the first step with education and I think the California drought has really brought that home in terms of how much water goes into producing just about everything,” said Kai Olson-Sawyer, senior research and policy analyst at GRACE Communications Foundation. “We do have to think about these things. It’s the kind of stuff that shifts markets and makes producers take note.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest areas that impacts water usage is the food we eat, and meat tops the list. “It doesn’t matter whether that’s a water footprint or carbon footprint – it just takes a lot of resources [to produce meat],” he said. “There are studies lately, if you look at \u003ca href=\"http://www.meatlessmonday.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meatless Monday\u003c/a>, just taking one day off of eating meat can have a pretty significant impact. Obviously the less you eat, the greater the reduction in environmental impact.” His organization’s research has found that a pound of beef takes 1,800 gallons of water (over 6,800 liters) – this includes the water needed for the animal’s food (much of it corn and soy) and drinking, as well as cleaning and processing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years there has been a flurry of stories in the media highlighting how much water it takes to grow almonds, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/02/wheres-californias-water-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one figure\u003c/a> coming in at just over one gallon of water (over 3.5 liters) per almond. Some people were outraged, others surprised, but understanding the water footprint of our food is not common knowledge. GRACE Communications Foundation calculated the amount water in a typical lunch. A cheese sandwich is 56 gallons (210 liters) of water and a bag of potato chips 12 gallons (45 liters). Put turkey on that sandwich and you’re looking at another 160 gallons (600 liters). If you want a soda it’s 46 more gallons (174 liters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to meat production, we can either eat less of it or produce it in more efficient ways (or both). Irrigation of feed crops can be improved and better soil health can hold more moisture. Pasture-raised animals can also help with building soil quality, said Olson-Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nowhere is this more important than California. “California is critical when it comes to water because it produces so much of our food,” he said. “One of the things we like to say is ‘California’s drought is America’s drought.’ Really, what happens with California agriculture matters to the rest of the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers can save water through efficiency technology and conservation. “There is the whole notion of more crop per drop and using water as productively as possible,” said Olson-Sawyer. “Most farmers are getting on board with that but they can be encouraged to use more efficient irrigation systems. However, not all high-efficiency irrigation works in every case, so it is going to be a case-by-case basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water footprint of food isn’t just a production issue for farmers, but it extends to consumers as well, and we can all help by reducing food waste. A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/op-eds/2016/04/07/why-food-waste-means-water-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> found that wasted food accounts for 21 percent of our freshwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we think about water conservation, we should also think about energy conservation, too, said Olson-Sawyer. Research from the University of California, Davis found big energy savings from California’s water conservation mandate. By cutting water use between June 2015 and February 2016, Californians saved enough energy to power \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/08/water-conservation-saves-energy-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">135,000 homes for a year\u003c/a> and the greenhouse gas equivalent of removing 50,000 cars from the road for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you conserve water you’re conserving energy,” said Olson-Sawyer. “You have to look at things more comprehensively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While issues such as drought and climate change are big, there are smaller ways they can be approached. “Focus on what you can do and connect it to a larger movement or bigger collective action,” said Olson-Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/07/25/the-water-footprint-of-our-everyday-lives\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "How much water we use every day includes more than just what shows up on our water utility bill – it also includes how much we drive, the energy that powers our homes and the food we eat.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In California we commonly debate how much water is used by agriculture, the environment, industry and urban users. We talk about water in terms of acre-feet and entire sectors. But we spend less time thinking about water on the individual level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water conservation mandate helped bring this back into focus, at least for a time. But the information on water usage provided by water utilities on our monthly bills is only a small part of how much water we really use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The average American consumes about 2,220 gallons of water per day.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a better sense of your water usage there is an online tool, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.watercalculator.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>, developed by \u003ca href=\"http://www.gracelinks.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRACE Communications Foundation\u003c/a>. The calculator walks you through how much water you use in your home and yard, but also how much is related to the energy you use, how much you drive, how much you shop, how much you recycle and the food you (and your pets) eat. If you take all those things into consideration, it turns out the average American consumes about 2,220 gallons (over 8,300 liters) of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to at least be the first step with education and I think the California drought has really brought that home in terms of how much water goes into producing just about everything,” said Kai Olson-Sawyer, senior research and policy analyst at GRACE Communications Foundation. “We do have to think about these things. It’s the kind of stuff that shifts markets and makes producers take note.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest areas that impacts water usage is the food we eat, and meat tops the list. “It doesn’t matter whether that’s a water footprint or carbon footprint – it just takes a lot of resources [to produce meat],” he said. “There are studies lately, if you look at \u003ca href=\"http://www.meatlessmonday.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meatless Monday\u003c/a>, just taking one day off of eating meat can have a pretty significant impact. Obviously the less you eat, the greater the reduction in environmental impact.” His organization’s research has found that a pound of beef takes 1,800 gallons of water (over 6,800 liters) – this includes the water needed for the animal’s food (much of it corn and soy) and drinking, as well as cleaning and processing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years there has been a flurry of stories in the media highlighting how much water it takes to grow almonds, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/02/wheres-californias-water-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one figure\u003c/a> coming in at just over one gallon of water (over 3.5 liters) per almond. Some people were outraged, others surprised, but understanding the water footprint of our food is not common knowledge. GRACE Communications Foundation calculated the amount water in a typical lunch. A cheese sandwich is 56 gallons (210 liters) of water and a bag of potato chips 12 gallons (45 liters). Put turkey on that sandwich and you’re looking at another 160 gallons (600 liters). If you want a soda it’s 46 more gallons (174 liters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to meat production, we can either eat less of it or produce it in more efficient ways (or both). Irrigation of feed crops can be improved and better soil health can hold more moisture. Pasture-raised animals can also help with building soil quality, said Olson-Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nowhere is this more important than California. “California is critical when it comes to water because it produces so much of our food,” he said. “One of the things we like to say is ‘California’s drought is America’s drought.’ Really, what happens with California agriculture matters to the rest of the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers can save water through efficiency technology and conservation. “There is the whole notion of more crop per drop and using water as productively as possible,” said Olson-Sawyer. “Most farmers are getting on board with that but they can be encouraged to use more efficient irrigation systems. However, not all high-efficiency irrigation works in every case, so it is going to be a case-by-case basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water footprint of food isn’t just a production issue for farmers, but it extends to consumers as well, and we can all help by reducing food waste. A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/op-eds/2016/04/07/why-food-waste-means-water-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> found that wasted food accounts for 21 percent of our freshwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we think about water conservation, we should also think about energy conservation, too, said Olson-Sawyer. Research from the University of California, Davis found big energy savings from California’s water conservation mandate. By cutting water use between June 2015 and February 2016, Californians saved enough energy to power \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/08/water-conservation-saves-energy-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">135,000 homes for a year\u003c/a> and the greenhouse gas equivalent of removing 50,000 cars from the road for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you conserve water you’re conserving energy,” said Olson-Sawyer. “You have to look at things more comprehensively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While issues such as drought and climate change are big, there are smaller ways they can be approached. “Focus on what you can do and connect it to a larger movement or bigger collective action,” said Olson-Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/07/25/the-water-footprint-of-our-everyday-lives\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the latest legal fallout from the massive Porter Ranch natural gas leak, Los Angeles County went to court Monday seeking to force Southern California Gas Co. to install underground safety shut-off valves on every active gas storage well and distribution pipeline it operates in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/319264611/SCG-File-Stamped-Complaint\">The suit\u003c/a>, filed in L.A. County Superior Court, claims SoCal Gas \"put corporate profits before public safety\" by failing more than 30 years ago to replace a faulty shut-off valve on the well that blew last fall at its Aliso Canyon storage facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint says a number of the company's 229 active L.A. County gas wells \"are plagued with corrosion, structural integrity problems, erosion, and other safety hazards,\" and refers to a number of other leaks that have occurred at three other SoCal Gas storage facilities elsewhere in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also seeks \"punitive and/or exemplary damages in an amount sufficient to punish, deter, and make an example of SoCal Gas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company did not have an immediate comment on the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2rtUkO27Ejnxs8Q0bxqkFw9vMy9diREL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well in question at Porter Ranch -- known as SS-25 -- was opened in 1953 with a subsurface safety valve. The company said it removed the valve in 1979 because it was old and leaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has defended its decision not to replace the valve on the grounds that such action was not required under state regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only wells defined as \"critical\" must have such shut-off valves. A well is considered \"critical\" if it is within 300 feet of a home; the well that blew is about a mile from any residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/24/57876/like-porter-ranch-playa-del-rey-montebello-and-oth/\">Dozens of SoCal Gas' wells are older than SS-25\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Porter Ranch gas leak began on Oct. 23, 2015. After several unsuccessful attempts, crews finally capped it on Feb. 18. It spewed some 5.4 billion cubic feet of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere, along with trace amounts of other chemicals, according to state and local regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Porter Ranch residents subsequently complained of headaches, nausea, dizziness and vomiting. Eventually, several thousand \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/03/court-gives-residents-30-days-not-8-to-return-home-after-porter-ranch-leak/\" target=\"_blank\">relocated to temporary housing\u003c/a>. In a May report to shareholders, SoCal Gas estimated it would spend around $465 million by June 7 on residents' relocation expenses and the cleanup of their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company is already facing a joint lawsuit from the city and county of L.A., the state attorney general and the state Air Resources Board accusing it of negligence in Porter Ranch. In March, a judge agreed to consolidate dozens of other lawsuits filed on behalf of Porter Ranch residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=319264611 key=key-qSdDm6WS200U4UMWhQ8E mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the latest legal fallout from the massive Porter Ranch natural gas leak, Los Angeles County went to court Monday seeking to force Southern California Gas Co. to install underground safety shut-off valves on every active gas storage well and distribution pipeline it operates in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/319264611/SCG-File-Stamped-Complaint\">The suit\u003c/a>, filed in L.A. County Superior Court, claims SoCal Gas \"put corporate profits before public safety\" by failing more than 30 years ago to replace a faulty shut-off valve on the well that blew last fall at its Aliso Canyon storage facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint says a number of the company's 229 active L.A. County gas wells \"are plagued with corrosion, structural integrity problems, erosion, and other safety hazards,\" and refers to a number of other leaks that have occurred at three other SoCal Gas storage facilities elsewhere in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also seeks \"punitive and/or exemplary damages in an amount sufficient to punish, deter, and make an example of SoCal Gas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company did not have an immediate comment on the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well in question at Porter Ranch -- known as SS-25 -- was opened in 1953 with a subsurface safety valve. The company said it removed the valve in 1979 because it was old and leaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has defended its decision not to replace the valve on the grounds that such action was not required under state regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only wells defined as \"critical\" must have such shut-off valves. A well is considered \"critical\" if it is within 300 feet of a home; the well that blew is about a mile from any residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/24/57876/like-porter-ranch-playa-del-rey-montebello-and-oth/\">Dozens of SoCal Gas' wells are older than SS-25\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Porter Ranch gas leak began on Oct. 23, 2015. After several unsuccessful attempts, crews finally capped it on Feb. 18. It spewed some 5.4 billion cubic feet of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere, along with trace amounts of other chemicals, according to state and local regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Porter Ranch residents subsequently complained of headaches, nausea, dizziness and vomiting. Eventually, several thousand \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/03/court-gives-residents-30-days-not-8-to-return-home-after-porter-ranch-leak/\" target=\"_blank\">relocated to temporary housing\u003c/a>. In a May report to shareholders, SoCal Gas estimated it would spend around $465 million by June 7 on residents' relocation expenses and the cleanup of their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company is already facing a joint lawsuit from the city and county of L.A., the state attorney general and the state Air Resources Board accusing it of negligence in Porter Ranch. In March, a judge agreed to consolidate dozens of other lawsuits filed on behalf of Porter Ranch residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/319264611/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-qSdDm6WS200U4UMWhQ8E\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/319264611\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_319264611\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/319264611\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
},
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
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