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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:44 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993067/amid-long-and-costly-legal-battles-sf-urged-to-update-wastewater-system-fix-sewage-discharges\">Supreme Court heard arguments\u003c/a> on Wednesday in a significant environmental case brought by San Francisco — one that some city officials are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/sf-epa-supreme-court-19821579.php\">surprisingly hoping to lose\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-753.html\">suing the Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> because it argues that current law makes the city responsible for more than its share of water pollution, sparking a legal battle that environmentalists fear the court’s 6-3 conservative majority could use to roll back clean water protections on a national scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s lawyer argued that San Francisco cannot control the water quality in the ocean or the bay and that being held accountable for it leaves the city vulnerable to unpredictable fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco’s ask in this case is simple,” said Tara M. 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Kavanaugh read from an amicus brief by the Farm Bureau Federation arguing that current clean water standards “expose farmers to potentially devastating and unnecessarily costly consequences of government enforcement, action or citizen suit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others — notably Justice Sonya Sotomayor — hinted they might prefer a narrower ruling than what the city is seeking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case began as a local dispute over San Francisco’s Oceanside wastewater discharge permit. San Francisco, along with Sacramento and New York City, is one of about 700 communities with a combined sewer, an older system that runs wastewater and stormwater through the same pipes. The systems regularly overflow during heavy rains. When San Francisco overflows — about 10 times per year, on average — it spills human waste into surrounding waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005020 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/BolinasBeachMarinCountyGetty1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Clean Water Act, San Francisco is required to have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-permit-basics\">permit\u003c/a> “to ensure that the discharge does not hurt water quality or people’s health.” San Francisco has been disputing the terms of its permit since 2019 — first in the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/31/21-70282.pdf\">ruled against\u003c/a> the city, and now at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has said upgrading its sewer system would cost ratepayers over $10 billion, estimating between 8,000-11,000 people would no longer earn enough to cover basic needs and be forced into poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups representing industries from mining to pork production filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-753/300371/20240212132258538_23-753%20Amicus%20Brief.pdf\">briefs\u003c/a> with the Court stating that standards based on water quality could expose them to crippling penalties and litigation. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Clean Water Act, San Francisco is required to have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-permit-basics\">permit\u003c/a> “to ensure that the discharge does not hurt water quality or people’s health.” San Francisco has been disputing the terms of its permit since 2019 — first in the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/31/21-70282.pdf\">ruled against\u003c/a> the city, and now at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has said upgrading its sewer system would cost ratepayers over $10 billion, estimating between 8,000-11,000 people would no longer earn enough to cover basic needs and be forced into poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups representing industries from mining to pork production filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-753/300371/20240212132258538_23-753%20Amicus%20Brief.pdf\">briefs\u003c/a> with the Court stating that standards based on water quality could expose them to crippling penalties and litigation. Other cities with combined sewer systems, and facing costly upgrades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-753/300378/20240212135338902_NACWA%20et%20al%20Amicus%20Brief%2023-753.pdf\">wrote to the Court\u003c/a> in support of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-753/323990/20240903170607131_SF%20v.%20EPA%20Amicus_Centered.pdf\">14 states\u003c/a> including \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-753/323960/20240903154714565_CCSF%20v.%20EPA%20Amicus%20Brief%20for%20State%20of%20California.pdf\">California\u003c/a> filed in support of the EPA, writing that state-defined water quality standards are a bedrock principle of the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco considers itself an environmentally progressive city and many, including within city government, were surprised to hear that it had sued the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was honestly not aware that we had a case that had worked its way up to the Supreme Court,” Supervisor Rafael Mandelman told KQED in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution urging the city to withdraw its lawsuit or seek mediation with the EPA. Mandelman voted no because he said the resolution came too late to make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as I can tell, it was entirely symbolic and a declaration,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court will present a decision before its current term ends in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.[aside postID=\"news_11985188,news_11959107\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-camping-tahoe-yosemite-bears-safety-what-to-do-bear-spray",
"title": "Camping in California? If a Bear Shows Up, Here's What to Do",
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"headTitle": "Camping in California? If a Bear Shows Up, Here’s What to Do | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his year’s \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">\u003cem>Fat Bear Week\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in Alaska’s Katmai National Park – an annual event allowing fans to vote online for their favored portly bear – is drawing to a close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while these huge creatures you can see on \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/livecams/brown-bears/brown-bear-salmon-cam-brooks-falls\">the \u003cem>Fat Bear Week\u003c/em> live-cams\u003c/a> are grizzlies and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> the \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">black bears\u003c/a> we have here in California, the behavior on display every year in the contest is shared among all kinds of bears: \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/bears-winter.htm\">the process known as hyperphagia\u003c/a>, which sees the animals relentlessly seek out extra food to fuel up for their winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#fat-bear-week\">This biological motivation to seek out more food in the fall \u003c/a>doesn’t just make for bulky bears. It also means that if you’re enjoying some late-season camping, you might be more likely to encounter a bear in your campground – one who’s even more food motivated and bold than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953853/how-to-find-a-camping-spot-in-california-when-they-always-seem-to-be-fully-booked\">campers in Northern California\u003c/a>, especially the Lake Tahoe region, encountering a black bear for the first time can be a rite of passage. But even if you’ve done your homework on bear encounters and patiently listen every time to the bear advisories given at the campground check-in, the first time a bear wanders into your campsite in search of food can be a jarring – even nerve-wracking – moment. Especially if you didn’t \u003cem>really \u003c/em>expect to see a bear during your trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely have a denser population of bears” in the Lake Tahoe region compared to other parts of the state, said Sarinah Simons, human-bear management specialist at the California Department of Parks and Recreation. “And so if you come and camp in Tahoe, you’re probably going to see a bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#bear-campsite\">If a bear comes into my campsite, how do I scare it away?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The rare but alarming headlines about bears – \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/first-california-fatal-black-bear-attack-0e511f4dd2f07f2df9b06802847105b9\">the confirmation of the state’s first documented fatal black bear attack\u003c/a> on a human in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-10/ultra-runner-attacked-by-a-bear-in-yosemite-valley\">an ultra-marathon runner’s collision with a bear\u003c/a> in Yosemite this July – can be unsettling, especially for newer campers. But “we can’t demonize bears for just existing and sharing space with us,” said Simons, who spends much of her days fostering good relations between campers and bears in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether you’re heading to somewhere like Tahoe on a camping trip this weekend or just want to be fully prepared without anxiety in the moment, keep reading for everything to know about encountering a bear in your campsite for the first time – including how to successfully drive a bear away, the mistakes many campers make when locking up food, how to talk to young campers about bear encounters, using bear spray and what to do if a bear comes to investigate your tent in the middle of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Or jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-cars\">Why is using my car for storage a bad idea?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-campsite\">If a bear comes into my campsite, how do I scare it away?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-smell\">What are some non-food items that might still attract a bear?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-tent\">What should I do if I accidentally bring food into my tent overnight?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-hiking\">How should I act differently if I see a bear on the trail?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-aggression\">How do I know if a bear is being aggressive?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-spray\">Should I bring bear spray camping?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Going camping? Don’t skip the refresher on bears\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember, the bear species you’ll see camping in California are \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">black bears\u003c/a> – there \u003ca href=\"https://capitolmuseum.ca.gov/state-symbols/state-animal-grizzly-bear/\">haven’t been grizzly bears in California since the 1920s\u003c/a> – although in reality, you’ll see black bears in many shades including brown, cinnamon and blonde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if you grew up in bear country, or have been exploring the Tahoe area for decades, you might still be taken aback by the boldness and persistence of today’s black bears in California, said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an evolving situation,” she said. “People that grew up camping in a particular area over the years … the bears have changed over those years. And the bear \u003cem>behavior\u003c/em> has changed over those years.” Simons said she hears from “old timer campers” in Tahoe that they remember seeing a bear once a summer decades ago, but “now, it’s multiple bears a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing presence of humans in once-wild areas means that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/renotahoe/article/lake-tahoe-bears-trash-garbage-collection-19535187.php?utm_content=cta&sid=5fb5333729fa2e011e279f8b&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=roundup&utm_campaign=sfgt%20%7C%20the%20daily&stn=nf\">more bears are now venturing into built-up spaces like campsites and neighborhoods\u003c/a> in search of the food and trash they know humans bring. So when you enter a campground in bear country, you’ll get what Simons calls the “bear spiel” from the staff at the entrance checking you in – and you should really listen to what they have to say, she advises. \u003ca href=\"#bear-aggression\">Jump straight to tips on bear behavior.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dICg4q3TU8o\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remember: Bears care about food, not humans…\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In essence, a bear is a “walking nose with a big, hungry belly,” said Simons – albeit a belly that can weigh up to 400 lbs. And while bears can be audacious in their quest for your food, they don’t want to hurt you for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a bear that we would consider a ‘’Tahoe bear’ that eats garbage every day, goes to the neighborhoods and sees humans on a daily basis? Ultimately, they just don’t want anything to do with us,” she said. “If we don’t have food, they don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need to know about getting outdoors?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“And I know that that can feel really strange, especially with an animal that’s so big, that has amazing, powerful claws, that has sharp teeth,” Simons acknowledged. “But I think we have to get back to a place where we just recognize that they’ve been here a lot longer than we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not here to hurt us. They’re not here to scare us. If anything, we’ve encroached on their habitat and made it even harder for them to just be wild bears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>…but bears should never be allowed to snag human food\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just because bears \u003cem>really\u003c/em> want our food doesn’t mean they should get it. On the contrary, not only are bears “perfectly capable of foraging for food out in the wild,” said Simons, feeding a bear – whether accidentally or purposefully – will teach it that food is worth pursuing humans for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, this can make bears lose their instinctive fear of humans and even begin to act aggressively in pursuit of a food reward. This is the source of the phrase \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">“a fed bear is a dead bear” \u003c/a> – because a bear that’s no longer afraid of humans can start to pose a physical danger, and at worst, may have to be euthanized to prevent it from attacking humans. And even if a bear does not ultimately become physically aggressive, losing a natural fear of being in human spaces makes bears more vulnerable to being killed by vehicles on the road.[aside postID='science_1983841,arts_13961982,science_1993633' label='More Outdoor Guides']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, when you’re camping you should do everything in your power to prevent a bear from eating your food – not only so you don’t lose your costly groceries, but to prevent a potential chain of events that leads to a bear being killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s just try to set bears up for success, do what we can to keep them wild and keep them safe,” urged Simons. “And in doing so, that’s going to keep us safe, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-smell\">\u003c/a>Never underestimate a bear’s sense of smell – and the importance of your campsite’s ‘bear box’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“I really can’t express how incredible a bear’s sense of smell is,” said Simons. “We’re talking 7,000 times better than our own – seven times better than a bloodhound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bear’s keen nose will lead them straight to anything that smells \u003cem>remotely\u003c/em> exciting in your campsite. Which is why campgrounds in bear country provide each site with a heavy-duty bear-proof box in which to store not just every scrap of food you’ve brought, but anything that is at all scented, including stoves and cookware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even responsible campers who are otherwise super conscientious about locking all their food away in bear boxes can forget that they’ve brought many other things that smell good to a bear, said Simons – including cans and beverages even when they’re unopened. Beer cans, wine bottles, even that lone can of Lacroix: “Basically anything other than plain water or ice” left out in your camp will smell interesting to a bear, and be considered a food violation by campground staff, warned Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks also forget that non-food smells will attract a bear, said Simons – “even things that we consider maybe not attractive to a bear, like cleaning products or toothpaste, lotion, bug spray, candles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a rule, “literally anything that has a scent should be considered a scented item and should go in the bear box at all times,” she said – because even if you think you’ve really hidden an item away in your tent or your car, the bear still knows it’s there due to its phenomenal sense of smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears can keenly remember places – and specific campsites – where they’ve found food in the past, and will return to them in the hope of striking it lucky again. They can also recognize specific types of objects which have yielded treats before, said Simons. “Even just the sight of a cooler gets a bear really excited even if there’s nothing inside,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons also warned against placing your trust in expensive “bear-proof” or “bear-resistant” coolers, because “they don’t advertise that you need to have locks on all corners of those, and that a bear can easily get into them without those locks.” And even when a bear-proof locker is correctly locked, you still might get a bear that will try to get inside – “and there goes your $400 cooler.” (One of Simons’ most treasured props for educating campers about bears is the “completely destroyed” bear-proof cooler she found tossed in a campsite dumpster by a clearly-dismayed owner.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002437\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear safe food storage lockers for campers in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-cars\">\u003c/a>Remember: Your car is not bear-proof\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As tempting as it might be to use your car as convenient storage, your vehicle is absolutely \u003cem>not\u003c/em> a substitute for the bear-proof storage box in your campsite – even when locked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Area folks, Simons said it’s helpful to think of all the ways you try to reduce your chances of suffering a car break-in at home – and translate that to bear country, with bears in place of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959799/how-to-avoid-a-car-break-in-bay-area\">bippers\u003c/a>. So just like in the Bay, you want to clear your car of anything remotely alluring to reduce the risks of being broken into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling bears the “petty criminals” of the wild, Simons said that parks staff refer to bears as “‘opportunivores,’ because if they have time, they’re going to try it” – and that includes checking your car door to see if it’s unlocked. And a bear that’s intrigued by a smell inside your car – “not even necessarily good, but just something maybe they’ve never smelled before,” said Simons – will often try to do “whatever it takes to get inside” your vehicle to investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that can lead to a car being completely totaled, just for, like, a lip balm or a tiny candy or toddler crumbs behind the car seat,” said Simons. “It definitely pays to be extra diligent, because the trade off can be pretty, pretty destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Be prepared for a bear to wander into your camp at any time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A bear can visit your campsite at any time of day or night. And the #1 way to be prepared for that is “keep a clean, tidy, consolidated campsite,” advised Simons – having your stuff gathered in a way “so that if you do get a bear coming into your campsite while you’re there, you can easily grab everything and put it in the bear box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this looks like in practice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your food, scented items are stored in your bear box, and only come out when you’re actively cooking or eating\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When your items \u003cem>are\u003c/em> out, everything is gathered close together and not sprawled over your table and campsite\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your trash bag is also kept close by, and either stored in your bear box or deposited in the nearest bear-proof dumpster.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If a bear does wander into your campsite, and your things are out of the bear box, Simons recommends you move quickly but calmly to gather your things and swiftly lock them back in the bear box. Don’t panic, she said, because “really, all that bear wants is your food or your garbage. They just want what smells good to them. And so if you eliminate that, they’re probably going to move away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002438\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bear wearing a tag and transmitter collar walks near a campground in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Apu Gomes/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what if the bear \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> move away after you’ve locked up your scented stuff? Bears usually show this kind of tenacity “because they’ve learned over time that if they stay persistent, stay diligent, they’re going to get a food reward,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in this situation, it’s especially important that you and your camping party stay calm and stand your ground, she said. Because it’s folks doing exactly the opposite – panicking at the sight of the bear and running away from their campsite, leaving all their goodies up for grabs – that teaches bears that merely announcing their presence to humans could win them a table full of tasty treats to enjoy solo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leads us to…\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-campsite\">\u003c/a>Know how you’ll drive a bear away\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How you should act around a bear depends on whether you’re in human territory or bear territory. The campground is human territory, so it’s important to stand your ground and drive the bear out by making loud noises. (\u003ca href=\"#bear-hiking\">Jump to what to do if you see a bear in the bear’s territory.)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physically, you should stand tall – and folks who aren’t tall, including children, can raise their hands over their heads to seem bigger – but don’t make aggressive moves toward the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a suitable amount of noise:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Shout “Go bear, go!”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bang pots and pans together\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sound an air horn, if you have one\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set off your car’s alarm.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this combined “usually does the trick pretty quickly,” said Simons. And if your heart is pounding, that’s normal – but as nerve-wracking as a first bear encounter can be in the moment, try shifting your perspective, said Simons. That involves “changing our perception of bears not as something that’s scary, but as an animal that’s curious and intelligent,” she said. “And understanding what they really want, which is the food, not you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that helps kind of reframe that mindset of fear that people tend to have, especially if you’re not used to bears,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set yourself up for a less stressful night by shutting your campsite down fully\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s an experience many campers in bear country campgrounds are familiar with: Just as you manage to get cozy inside your tent and fall asleep, you’re woken by the sound of loud noises coming from the campsites around you, indicating that a bear is moving through the campground …. and might be on its way to your site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, said Simons, is where you’ll truly thank yourself for putting absolutely \u003cem>everything\u003c/em> away inside your bear box and cleaning up your site before going to bed – because you’ll know that even if you hear a bear visiting your site in search of treats, it’s going to strike out and move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also when you’ll be grateful you made sure you didn’t bring anything remotely scented – even a lip balm – into your tent, because now you won’t have to worry about a curious bear coming over to investigate those smells. If you’re sharing your tent with others, remind them to check their pockets too before going to bed for the night. And to be extra sure, don’t sleep in clothing you’ve worn while cooking in your campsite, as the tasty smells can linger for a long time on material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do hear a bear in your campsite, Simons said it’s always a good idea to remind the bear it’s not welcome by making loud noises, either from inside your tent or by getting out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re nervous about a nighttime bear encounter or have frozen up, there’s zero harm in just staying put in your sleeping bag and quietly waiting for the bear to pass by once it realizes it’s not going to find any food, she confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t stress enough: The bears are not interested in us,” said Simon. “They just want our food and garbage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-tent\">\u003c/a>If you accidentally bring food into your tent, it’s never too late to use the bear box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So despite your best intentions, your attempts to remove all food and scented items from your tent before bedtime failed – and you’ve woken up to the sound of a bear headed your way to investigate the protein bar you forgot was in your pocket. What do you do then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003cem>exactly\u003c/em> the scenario where you definitely want to make loud noises immediately to scare the bear away, said Simons: “Make that potential food reward not worth the experience of dealing with you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as making noise get out of your tent, move swiftly to your bear box and throw the item inside. \u003cem>Don’t\u003c/em> throw the offending foodstuff out of your tent, said Simons, because then you’re essentially just feeding the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t be discouraged if the bear doesn’t immediately back off, she said. All bears are different, and you might just be dealing with one that’s gotten pretty used to humans by this point. Match the bear’s persistence with your own in making noise, and it should eventually leave your campsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002439\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1401\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1536x1076.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1920x1345.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black bear scavenges for food at Sequoia National Park. \u003ccite>(Mark Ralston/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prepare your youngest campers for camping and bears\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As unsettled as some kids might be by seeing a bear in their campground, Simons said that children are often way more likely to find these encounters exciting – especially if they witness how relatively quickly a bear will amble on when it doesn’t find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think as soon as a kid sees a bear for the first time, then they’re good,” she said. “They’re like, ‘Whoa, that was really cool, awesome!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let the kids in your camping party know that they might see a bear up-close on their trip, and remind them repeatedly of the bear’s priorities: It wants to find food, not mess with people. In her work in bear education, Simons said she’s found it helpful to stress that bears and humans are co-existing in this camping environment – and that humans aren’t #1 in this conversation. “I think kids get it the fastest and the best,” she said. “They really understand that they are part of the ecosystem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remind kids of what you’re all going to do if a bear wanders into your campsite – why everyone needs to swiftly pack away food and scented items in the bear box, and how you’ll all make noise to drive the bear away, rather than run away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons also recommends chatting as a family to campground staff about bears, as they may have more tips and materials for kids around bear education. “Once you start to really understand them, I think the fear just kind of melts away,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-hiking\">\u003c/a>If you spot a bear while hiking away from your campsite\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How you should act when you see a bear outside a campground, on its own turf, is quite different to how you should act in your campsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the bear’s space, not yours, said Simons – so instead of making noise and trying to drive the bear away, as you would in the campsite, you should:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stop, but don’t run away\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make yourself seem big: Raise your hiking poles, and pick up small children if you’re hiking with them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make the bear aware of your presence with low noise, so you don’t startle it: Calmly say something like “Hello bear!” and jangle your keys\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give the bear as much space as you can and slowly back away.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“People often ask ‘Well, how do I act around bears?’” said Simons, “and I ask, ‘Well, how would you want a bear to act around you?’ You would want that bear to give you a respectful distance, and just kind of go about business as usual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re both not looking for trouble,” she said. “So I think there’s just kind of a mutual respect that has to happen, where you give each other space, you acknowledge each other’s presence, and then you move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Only\u003c/em> when the bear approaches you should you revert to what you’d do in the campground to drive the bear away: Make noise and yell “go bear, go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-aggression\">\u003c/a>How to know when a bear is being aggressive (and when it’s not)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A common misconception about bears, said Simons, is that an animal that’s rearing up on its hind legs is about to attack you. But rearing up is usually always because a bear’s eyesight – unlike its sense of smell – is poor, and they’re just trying to get a better look at what’s going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> actually a sign of aggression is what’s called “bluff charging”: when a bear assumes a low stance with ears back, and starts huffing and chomping and kicking up the dirt with its paws. And if the bear in front of you is doing this, you should realize that it’s almost certainly because of something it thinks \u003cem>you’re\u003c/em> doing, said Simon. [aside postID=\"news_11910495,news_11953853,news_11973183\" label=\"More KQED Outdoor Guides\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine times out of ten it’s because you are between them and a food reward” she said. “Or you’re between a sow and her cubs, or you’re between the bear and its escape route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As intimidating as this behavior can be, it’s important to think in the moment about why this bear is expressing itself this way, “because the bear isn’t isn’t doing this for fun, or for no reason,” said Simons. And the sooner you work out what you’re doing that is making the bear agitated, the sooner you can fix it – whether that’s moving away from any cubs you can see, getting out of the bear’s escape route, or locking up the food on display and backing off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you’ve tried to fix the situation and the bear still hasn’t backed off? In these “very, very rare cases” Simons advised contacting park rangers or calling 911, once you’ve backed off and moved into a safe place. “Sometimes in that case, it’s a sick animal,” she said: “A bear that’s really confused, maybe it’s dehydrated. Maybe it has something else going on, so wildlife staff or ranger staff can get involved at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons stressed that calling rangers or 911 isn’t condemning the bear to anything, although she encouraged campers and hikers to “recognize when there’s actually a real problem, versus just a bear being curious.” But rangers will take reports of a truly aggressive bear seriously, she said, and they’ll investigate to “get into that conversation of a public safety issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-spray\">\u003c/a>Do you need bear spray?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some campers and hikers choose to carry bear spray – essentially a form of pepper spray with a long range which will irritate and repel a bear. Simons said she doesn’t personally carry it for use in California with black bears – not least because any type of pepper spray “can lead to a lot of human error,” namely accidentally spraying yourself in the face, and causing a lot of pain. “I feel like the risk versus the use case [from] pepper spray – it’s not something I personally recommend,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepper spray is more commonly carried in other states – the ones with grizzly bears. For Simons, “the better thing to carry around this area” that carries less risk of human error would be an airhorn, or some other kind of item that can produce loud noise. “I feel like that just deters the bear better, and has more of a distance if you need it,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, if not carrying bear spray is “keeping you at home versus enjoying nature, which I think is really important, then do what feels comfortable,” said Simons. Remember that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/scarebears.htm\">bear spray is not permitted in certain areas, including Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you own a firearm, strongly consider leaving it at home even if it’s legal to carry where you’re going. The Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies note that in the rare instances a bear encounter does turn aggressive,\u003ca href=\"https://bearwise.org/bear-safety-tips/bear-spray/\"> “studies show that even if you are a firearms expert, bear spray offers several advantages”\u003c/a> – including the fact that you can seriously injure or kill someone, including yourself, with an “accidental or inaccurate shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"fat-bear-week\">\u003c/a>Why bears get extra-hungry (and bold) in the fall\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before entering into hibernation for the winter, bears need to gain weight and go into what Simons calls “eating overdrive: like, ‘no amount of food can satiate me.’” (If you’re familiar with Katmai National Park’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week.htm\"> Fat Bear Week tournament \u003c/a>in Alaska, then you’ll know about this process.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/bears-winter.htm\">hyperphagia\u003c/a>, this period in the fall sees bears become even more food motivated than usual – and extra bold in their quest for your campsite’s food. So during this period, which can span from late August through October and even November during mild years, you should be “extra diligent” about locking up all your food and scented items, urged Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, there are now bears in Tahoe that no longer hibernate over winter, said Simons: “Because there’s humans here year round, not just here in the summer, but for ski season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With food and trash up for grabs during all four seasons, “there’s really no biological need for them to hibernate if they, in their mind, think that they can get a food reward any time of the year,” said Simons. “Hibernation is really only a way for them to survive the winter. And if they don’t need that tool, they’re not going to use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words: Don’t assume that just because it’s winter, the takeout trash in your unlocked car is necessarily safe from a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area (and beyond) in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site, and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Aug. 30, 2024.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From Yosemite to Tahoe to the backcountry, even seasoned campers can be startled by their first bear encounter. From how to stand your ground to the mistakes campers make, here's what to know.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>his year’s \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">\u003cem>Fat Bear Week\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in Alaska’s Katmai National Park – an annual event allowing fans to vote online for their favored portly bear – is drawing to a close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while these huge creatures you can see on \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/livecams/brown-bears/brown-bear-salmon-cam-brooks-falls\">the \u003cem>Fat Bear Week\u003c/em> live-cams\u003c/a> are grizzlies and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> the \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">black bears\u003c/a> we have here in California, the behavior on display every year in the contest is shared among all kinds of bears: \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/bears-winter.htm\">the process known as hyperphagia\u003c/a>, which sees the animals relentlessly seek out extra food to fuel up for their winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#fat-bear-week\">This biological motivation to seek out more food in the fall \u003c/a>doesn’t just make for bulky bears. It also means that if you’re enjoying some late-season camping, you might be more likely to encounter a bear in your campground – one who’s even more food motivated and bold than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953853/how-to-find-a-camping-spot-in-california-when-they-always-seem-to-be-fully-booked\">campers in Northern California\u003c/a>, especially the Lake Tahoe region, encountering a black bear for the first time can be a rite of passage. But even if you’ve done your homework on bear encounters and patiently listen every time to the bear advisories given at the campground check-in, the first time a bear wanders into your campsite in search of food can be a jarring – even nerve-wracking – moment. Especially if you didn’t \u003cem>really \u003c/em>expect to see a bear during your trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely have a denser population of bears” in the Lake Tahoe region compared to other parts of the state, said Sarinah Simons, human-bear management specialist at the California Department of Parks and Recreation. “And so if you come and camp in Tahoe, you’re probably going to see a bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#bear-campsite\">If a bear comes into my campsite, how do I scare it away?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The rare but alarming headlines about bears – \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/first-california-fatal-black-bear-attack-0e511f4dd2f07f2df9b06802847105b9\">the confirmation of the state’s first documented fatal black bear attack\u003c/a> on a human in 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-10/ultra-runner-attacked-by-a-bear-in-yosemite-valley\">an ultra-marathon runner’s collision with a bear\u003c/a> in Yosemite this July – can be unsettling, especially for newer campers. But “we can’t demonize bears for just existing and sharing space with us,” said Simons, who spends much of her days fostering good relations between campers and bears in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether you’re heading to somewhere like Tahoe on a camping trip this weekend or just want to be fully prepared without anxiety in the moment, keep reading for everything to know about encountering a bear in your campsite for the first time – including how to successfully drive a bear away, the mistakes many campers make when locking up food, how to talk to young campers about bear encounters, using bear spray and what to do if a bear comes to investigate your tent in the middle of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Or jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-cars\">Why is using my car for storage a bad idea?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-campsite\">If a bear comes into my campsite, how do I scare it away?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-smell\">What are some non-food items that might still attract a bear?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-tent\">What should I do if I accidentally bring food into my tent overnight?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-hiking\">How should I act differently if I see a bear on the trail?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-aggression\">How do I know if a bear is being aggressive?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#bear-spray\">Should I bring bear spray camping?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Going camping? Don’t skip the refresher on bears\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember, the bear species you’ll see camping in California are \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">black bears\u003c/a> – there \u003ca href=\"https://capitolmuseum.ca.gov/state-symbols/state-animal-grizzly-bear/\">haven’t been grizzly bears in California since the 1920s\u003c/a> – although in reality, you’ll see black bears in many shades including brown, cinnamon and blonde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if you grew up in bear country, or have been exploring the Tahoe area for decades, you might still be taken aback by the boldness and persistence of today’s black bears in California, said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an evolving situation,” she said. “People that grew up camping in a particular area over the years … the bears have changed over those years. And the bear \u003cem>behavior\u003c/em> has changed over those years.” Simons said she hears from “old timer campers” in Tahoe that they remember seeing a bear once a summer decades ago, but “now, it’s multiple bears a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increasing presence of humans in once-wild areas means that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/renotahoe/article/lake-tahoe-bears-trash-garbage-collection-19535187.php?utm_content=cta&sid=5fb5333729fa2e011e279f8b&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=roundup&utm_campaign=sfgt%20%7C%20the%20daily&stn=nf\">more bears are now venturing into built-up spaces like campsites and neighborhoods\u003c/a> in search of the food and trash they know humans bring. So when you enter a campground in bear country, you’ll get what Simons calls the “bear spiel” from the staff at the entrance checking you in – and you should really listen to what they have to say, she advises. \u003ca href=\"#bear-aggression\">Jump straight to tips on bear behavior.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dICg4q3TU8o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dICg4q3TU8o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>Remember: Bears care about food, not humans…\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In essence, a bear is a “walking nose with a big, hungry belly,” said Simons – albeit a belly that can weigh up to 400 lbs. And while bears can be audacious in their quest for your food, they don’t want to hurt you for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a bear that we would consider a ‘’Tahoe bear’ that eats garbage every day, goes to the neighborhoods and sees humans on a daily basis? Ultimately, they just don’t want anything to do with us,” she said. “If we don’t have food, they don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need to know about getting outdoors?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“And I know that that can feel really strange, especially with an animal that’s so big, that has amazing, powerful claws, that has sharp teeth,” Simons acknowledged. “But I think we have to get back to a place where we just recognize that they’ve been here a lot longer than we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not here to hurt us. They’re not here to scare us. If anything, we’ve encroached on their habitat and made it even harder for them to just be wild bears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>…but bears should never be allowed to snag human food\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just because bears \u003cem>really\u003c/em> want our food doesn’t mean they should get it. On the contrary, not only are bears “perfectly capable of foraging for food out in the wild,” said Simons, feeding a bear – whether accidentally or purposefully – will teach it that food is worth pursuing humans for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, this can make bears lose their instinctive fear of humans and even begin to act aggressively in pursuit of a food reward. This is the source of the phrase \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=29317\">“a fed bear is a dead bear” \u003c/a> – because a bear that’s no longer afraid of humans can start to pose a physical danger, and at worst, may have to be euthanized to prevent it from attacking humans. And even if a bear does not ultimately become physically aggressive, losing a natural fear of being in human spaces makes bears more vulnerable to being killed by vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, when you’re camping you should do everything in your power to prevent a bear from eating your food – not only so you don’t lose your costly groceries, but to prevent a potential chain of events that leads to a bear being killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s just try to set bears up for success, do what we can to keep them wild and keep them safe,” urged Simons. “And in doing so, that’s going to keep us safe, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-smell\">\u003c/a>Never underestimate a bear’s sense of smell – and the importance of your campsite’s ‘bear box’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“I really can’t express how incredible a bear’s sense of smell is,” said Simons. “We’re talking 7,000 times better than our own – seven times better than a bloodhound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bear’s keen nose will lead them straight to anything that smells \u003cem>remotely\u003c/em> exciting in your campsite. Which is why campgrounds in bear country provide each site with a heavy-duty bear-proof box in which to store not just every scrap of food you’ve brought, but anything that is at all scented, including stoves and cookware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even responsible campers who are otherwise super conscientious about locking all their food away in bear boxes can forget that they’ve brought many other things that smell good to a bear, said Simons – including cans and beverages even when they’re unopened. Beer cans, wine bottles, even that lone can of Lacroix: “Basically anything other than plain water or ice” left out in your camp will smell interesting to a bear, and be considered a food violation by campground staff, warned Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks also forget that non-food smells will attract a bear, said Simons – “even things that we consider maybe not attractive to a bear, like cleaning products or toothpaste, lotion, bug spray, candles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a rule, “literally anything that has a scent should be considered a scented item and should go in the bear box at all times,” she said – because even if you think you’ve really hidden an item away in your tent or your car, the bear still knows it’s there due to its phenomenal sense of smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears can keenly remember places – and specific campsites – where they’ve found food in the past, and will return to them in the hope of striking it lucky again. They can also recognize specific types of objects which have yielded treats before, said Simons. “Even just the sight of a cooler gets a bear really excited even if there’s nothing inside,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons also warned against placing your trust in expensive “bear-proof” or “bear-resistant” coolers, because “they don’t advertise that you need to have locks on all corners of those, and that a bear can easily get into them without those locks.” And even when a bear-proof locker is correctly locked, you still might get a bear that will try to get inside – “and there goes your $400 cooler.” (One of Simons’ most treasured props for educating campers about bears is the “completely destroyed” bear-proof cooler she found tossed in a campsite dumpster by a clearly-dismayed owner.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002437\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearBoxes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear safe food storage lockers for campers in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-cars\">\u003c/a>Remember: Your car is not bear-proof\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As tempting as it might be to use your car as convenient storage, your vehicle is absolutely \u003cem>not\u003c/em> a substitute for the bear-proof storage box in your campsite – even when locked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Area folks, Simons said it’s helpful to think of all the ways you try to reduce your chances of suffering a car break-in at home – and translate that to bear country, with bears in place of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959799/how-to-avoid-a-car-break-in-bay-area\">bippers\u003c/a>. So just like in the Bay, you want to clear your car of anything remotely alluring to reduce the risks of being broken into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling bears the “petty criminals” of the wild, Simons said that parks staff refer to bears as “‘opportunivores,’ because if they have time, they’re going to try it” – and that includes checking your car door to see if it’s unlocked. And a bear that’s intrigued by a smell inside your car – “not even necessarily good, but just something maybe they’ve never smelled before,” said Simons – will often try to do “whatever it takes to get inside” your vehicle to investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that can lead to a car being completely totaled, just for, like, a lip balm or a tiny candy or toddler crumbs behind the car seat,” said Simons. “It definitely pays to be extra diligent, because the trade off can be pretty, pretty destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Be prepared for a bear to wander into your camp at any time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A bear can visit your campsite at any time of day or night. And the #1 way to be prepared for that is “keep a clean, tidy, consolidated campsite,” advised Simons – having your stuff gathered in a way “so that if you do get a bear coming into your campsite while you’re there, you can easily grab everything and put it in the bear box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this looks like in practice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your food, scented items are stored in your bear box, and only come out when you’re actively cooking or eating\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When your items \u003cem>are\u003c/em> out, everything is gathered close together and not sprawled over your table and campsite\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your trash bag is also kept close by, and either stored in your bear box or deposited in the nearest bear-proof dumpster.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If a bear does wander into your campsite, and your things are out of the bear box, Simons recommends you move quickly but calmly to gather your things and swiftly lock them back in the bear box. Don’t panic, she said, because “really, all that bear wants is your food or your garbage. They just want what smells good to them. And so if you eliminate that, they’re probably going to move away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002438\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BearCollarCamp-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bear wearing a tag and transmitter collar walks near a campground in Yosemite National Park. \u003ccite>(Apu Gomes/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what if the bear \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> move away after you’ve locked up your scented stuff? Bears usually show this kind of tenacity “because they’ve learned over time that if they stay persistent, stay diligent, they’re going to get a food reward,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in this situation, it’s especially important that you and your camping party stay calm and stand your ground, she said. Because it’s folks doing exactly the opposite – panicking at the sight of the bear and running away from their campsite, leaving all their goodies up for grabs – that teaches bears that merely announcing their presence to humans could win them a table full of tasty treats to enjoy solo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leads us to…\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-campsite\">\u003c/a>Know how you’ll drive a bear away\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How you should act around a bear depends on whether you’re in human territory or bear territory. The campground is human territory, so it’s important to stand your ground and drive the bear out by making loud noises. (\u003ca href=\"#bear-hiking\">Jump to what to do if you see a bear in the bear’s territory.)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physically, you should stand tall – and folks who aren’t tall, including children, can raise their hands over their heads to seem bigger – but don’t make aggressive moves toward the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a suitable amount of noise:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Shout “Go bear, go!”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bang pots and pans together\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sound an air horn, if you have one\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set off your car’s alarm.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this combined “usually does the trick pretty quickly,” said Simons. And if your heart is pounding, that’s normal – but as nerve-wracking as a first bear encounter can be in the moment, try shifting your perspective, said Simons. That involves “changing our perception of bears not as something that’s scary, but as an animal that’s curious and intelligent,” she said. “And understanding what they really want, which is the food, not you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that helps kind of reframe that mindset of fear that people tend to have, especially if you’re not used to bears,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set yourself up for a less stressful night by shutting your campsite down fully\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s an experience many campers in bear country campgrounds are familiar with: Just as you manage to get cozy inside your tent and fall asleep, you’re woken by the sound of loud noises coming from the campsites around you, indicating that a bear is moving through the campground …. and might be on its way to your site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, said Simons, is where you’ll truly thank yourself for putting absolutely \u003cem>everything\u003c/em> away inside your bear box and cleaning up your site before going to bed – because you’ll know that even if you hear a bear visiting your site in search of treats, it’s going to strike out and move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also when you’ll be grateful you made sure you didn’t bring anything remotely scented – even a lip balm – into your tent, because now you won’t have to worry about a curious bear coming over to investigate those smells. If you’re sharing your tent with others, remind them to check their pockets too before going to bed for the night. And to be extra sure, don’t sleep in clothing you’ve worn while cooking in your campsite, as the tasty smells can linger for a long time on material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do hear a bear in your campsite, Simons said it’s always a good idea to remind the bear it’s not welcome by making loud noises, either from inside your tent or by getting out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re nervous about a nighttime bear encounter or have frozen up, there’s zero harm in just staying put in your sleeping bag and quietly waiting for the bear to pass by once it realizes it’s not going to find any food, she confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t stress enough: The bears are not interested in us,” said Simon. “They just want our food and garbage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-tent\">\u003c/a>If you accidentally bring food into your tent, it’s never too late to use the bear box\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So despite your best intentions, your attempts to remove all food and scented items from your tent before bedtime failed – and you’ve woken up to the sound of a bear headed your way to investigate the protein bar you forgot was in your pocket. What do you do then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003cem>exactly\u003c/em> the scenario where you definitely want to make loud noises immediately to scare the bear away, said Simons: “Make that potential food reward not worth the experience of dealing with you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as making noise get out of your tent, move swiftly to your bear box and throw the item inside. \u003cem>Don’t\u003c/em> throw the offending foodstuff out of your tent, said Simons, because then you’re essentially just feeding the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t be discouraged if the bear doesn’t immediately back off, she said. All bears are different, and you might just be dealing with one that’s gotten pretty used to humans by this point. Match the bear’s persistence with your own in making noise, and it should eventually leave your campsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002439\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1401\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1536x1076.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/BlackBearWalks-1920x1345.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black bear scavenges for food at Sequoia National Park. \u003ccite>(Mark Ralston/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Prepare your youngest campers for camping and bears\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As unsettled as some kids might be by seeing a bear in their campground, Simons said that children are often way more likely to find these encounters exciting – especially if they witness how relatively quickly a bear will amble on when it doesn’t find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think as soon as a kid sees a bear for the first time, then they’re good,” she said. “They’re like, ‘Whoa, that was really cool, awesome!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let the kids in your camping party know that they might see a bear up-close on their trip, and remind them repeatedly of the bear’s priorities: It wants to find food, not mess with people. In her work in bear education, Simons said she’s found it helpful to stress that bears and humans are co-existing in this camping environment – and that humans aren’t #1 in this conversation. “I think kids get it the fastest and the best,” she said. “They really understand that they are part of the ecosystem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remind kids of what you’re all going to do if a bear wanders into your campsite – why everyone needs to swiftly pack away food and scented items in the bear box, and how you’ll all make noise to drive the bear away, rather than run away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons also recommends chatting as a family to campground staff about bears, as they may have more tips and materials for kids around bear education. “Once you start to really understand them, I think the fear just kind of melts away,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-hiking\">\u003c/a>If you spot a bear while hiking away from your campsite\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How you should act when you see a bear outside a campground, on its own turf, is quite different to how you should act in your campsite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the bear’s space, not yours, said Simons – so instead of making noise and trying to drive the bear away, as you would in the campsite, you should:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stop, but don’t run away\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make yourself seem big: Raise your hiking poles, and pick up small children if you’re hiking with them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make the bear aware of your presence with low noise, so you don’t startle it: Calmly say something like “Hello bear!” and jangle your keys\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give the bear as much space as you can and slowly back away.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“People often ask ‘Well, how do I act around bears?’” said Simons, “and I ask, ‘Well, how would you want a bear to act around you?’ You would want that bear to give you a respectful distance, and just kind of go about business as usual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re both not looking for trouble,” she said. “So I think there’s just kind of a mutual respect that has to happen, where you give each other space, you acknowledge each other’s presence, and then you move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Only\u003c/em> when the bear approaches you should you revert to what you’d do in the campground to drive the bear away: Make noise and yell “go bear, go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-aggression\">\u003c/a>How to know when a bear is being aggressive (and when it’s not)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A common misconception about bears, said Simons, is that an animal that’s rearing up on its hind legs is about to attack you. But rearing up is usually always because a bear’s eyesight – unlike its sense of smell – is poor, and they’re just trying to get a better look at what’s going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> actually a sign of aggression is what’s called “bluff charging”: when a bear assumes a low stance with ears back, and starts huffing and chomping and kicking up the dirt with its paws. And if the bear in front of you is doing this, you should realize that it’s almost certainly because of something it thinks \u003cem>you’re\u003c/em> doing, said Simon. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine times out of ten it’s because you are between them and a food reward” she said. “Or you’re between a sow and her cubs, or you’re between the bear and its escape route.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As intimidating as this behavior can be, it’s important to think in the moment about why this bear is expressing itself this way, “because the bear isn’t isn’t doing this for fun, or for no reason,” said Simons. And the sooner you work out what you’re doing that is making the bear agitated, the sooner you can fix it – whether that’s moving away from any cubs you can see, getting out of the bear’s escape route, or locking up the food on display and backing off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you’ve tried to fix the situation and the bear still hasn’t backed off? In these “very, very rare cases” Simons advised contacting park rangers or calling 911, once you’ve backed off and moved into a safe place. “Sometimes in that case, it’s a sick animal,” she said: “A bear that’s really confused, maybe it’s dehydrated. Maybe it has something else going on, so wildlife staff or ranger staff can get involved at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons stressed that calling rangers or 911 isn’t condemning the bear to anything, although she encouraged campers and hikers to “recognize when there’s actually a real problem, versus just a bear being curious.” But rangers will take reports of a truly aggressive bear seriously, she said, and they’ll investigate to “get into that conversation of a public safety issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"bear-spray\">\u003c/a>Do you need bear spray?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some campers and hikers choose to carry bear spray – essentially a form of pepper spray with a long range which will irritate and repel a bear. Simons said she doesn’t personally carry it for use in California with black bears – not least because any type of pepper spray “can lead to a lot of human error,” namely accidentally spraying yourself in the face, and causing a lot of pain. “I feel like the risk versus the use case [from] pepper spray – it’s not something I personally recommend,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepper spray is more commonly carried in other states – the ones with grizzly bears. For Simons, “the better thing to carry around this area” that carries less risk of human error would be an airhorn, or some other kind of item that can produce loud noise. “I feel like that just deters the bear better, and has more of a distance if you need it,” said Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, if not carrying bear spray is “keeping you at home versus enjoying nature, which I think is really important, then do what feels comfortable,” said Simons. Remember that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/scarebears.htm\">bear spray is not permitted in certain areas, including Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you own a firearm, strongly consider leaving it at home even if it’s legal to carry where you’re going. The Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies note that in the rare instances a bear encounter does turn aggressive,\u003ca href=\"https://bearwise.org/bear-safety-tips/bear-spray/\"> “studies show that even if you are a firearms expert, bear spray offers several advantages”\u003c/a> – including the fact that you can seriously injure or kill someone, including yourself, with an “accidental or inaccurate shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"fat-bear-week\">\u003c/a>Why bears get extra-hungry (and bold) in the fall\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before entering into hibernation for the winter, bears need to gain weight and go into what Simons calls “eating overdrive: like, ‘no amount of food can satiate me.’” (If you’re familiar with Katmai National Park’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week.htm\"> Fat Bear Week tournament \u003c/a>in Alaska, then you’ll know about this process.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/bears-winter.htm\">hyperphagia\u003c/a>, this period in the fall sees bears become even more food motivated than usual – and extra bold in their quest for your campsite’s food. So during this period, which can span from late August through October and even November during mild years, you should be “extra diligent” about locking up all your food and scented items, urged Simons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, there are now bears in Tahoe that no longer hibernate over winter, said Simons: “Because there’s humans here year round, not just here in the summer, but for ski season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With food and trash up for grabs during all four seasons, “there’s really no biological need for them to hibernate if they, in their mind, think that they can get a food reward any time of the year,” said Simons. “Hibernation is really only a way for them to survive the winter. And if they don’t need that tool, they’re not going to use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words: Don’t assume that just because it’s winter, the takeout trash in your unlocked car is necessarily safe from a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area (and beyond) in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site, and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003cem>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]fter breakfast and coffee every morning, James Bryant heads out the front door. From his home on a hill in San Francisco, he sees the Hunters Point Gantry Crane, what he calls the “West Coast Statue of Liberty.” The metal monolith sits on the edge of the Bay at the old Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is huge, and it’s breathtaking,” said Bryant, who has lived in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood for over four decades and is a neighborhood historian. “The gantry crane represents what New York has in their bay, what we have in our bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crane is 450 feet tall and 730 feet long, so big it can be seen from three counties. It weighs as much as the Eiffel Tower. It’s an iconic piece of infrastructure, not unlike the Sutro Tower or the Bay Bridge, but perhaps the more underrated cousin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crane was used to load ships from the 1940s to the 1970s. For some, it’s a celebrated Bay Area icon worth. There’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.hunterspointcrane.com/\">a whole fan website for the old crane\u003c/a>, where they sell merchandise and tell some of its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the legacy and effect of the crane are much more profound than its metal form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Olivia Grubert wrote to Bay Curious asking for more information about the crane. So, let’s take a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The crane’s history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand how the Hunters Point Gantry Crane came to be, we have to go back to the late 1940s when the Cold War started between the United States, the Soviet Union and their respective allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Navy built the crane in 1947 for $2.5 million. At this point, it looked like a giant table from afar. On two sides, the crane loaded massive gun turrets onto warships. Altogether, it could lift more than a million pounds. The goal was to fix and load up ships fast so they could get back to battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005067\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005067\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-800x609.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1920x1462.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on June 25, 1953. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The boats would pull in, and they were lifted and loaded,” Bryant said. “The idea was that we’re going to war and need to load these ships right now. These ships were major.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy also tested missiles on the crane — Polaris, hydrogen bomb-tipped missiles. At Hunters Point, the Navy initially hurled missiles into the bay and retrieved them after. Later, the military shot them into mid-air, but an apparatus prevented them from flight. In the ’70s, when the Navy wanted to test more potent Poseidon missiles on the crane, they attached a 170-foot arch to strengthen it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the shipyard, the Navy also decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. This process contaminated the soil in and around the base with radioactive chemicals, heavy metals and petroleum fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy base remained active until 1974, and after that, a private company used the property for ship repair for a short period of time. The base was declared one of the nation’s most contaminated sites in 1989. The crane has remained, standing unused for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005326\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">the Hunters Point gantry crane at the naval shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A complex legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the history of the crane itself is relatively straightforward, its legacy is complex. On one hand, the Navy brought jobs to the Bay Area, much-needed jobs for people who had left the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shipyard employed as many as 18,000 people at its peak, many of whom were Black. They built and serviced ships for wartime efforts. Bryant said they came from the South — places like Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. For many of them, the shipyard jobs allowed them to buy homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant said the crane reminds many people in the Bayview of the prosperity they were afforded by working at the shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was prosperity because they got to own a home,” he said. “They got to live in the best weather. You can’t beat the Bayview weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the Hunters Point Crane is a reminder of another legacy. Radioactive contamination is still in the ground all these years later. The Navy is working on cleaning up the site, and just last year, the Navy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">unearthed two radioactive objects there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005325\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005325\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned building at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Navy did not respond to KQED’s email with a comment. But in the past, the Navy defended its remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community advocates like Bryant have called for a more thorough site cleanup for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be eradicated. If it were on the other side of town, it would have been gone,” said Byrant, who worked for the Navy in the 1970s at the shipyard in public relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these years later, Bryant is now 70 and still raves about the crane but is worried about the contamination in the ground beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can almost hear the buildings talking to you, [saying] there’s history here that no one’s talking about,” he said. “The Navy ships that went in there were loaded with nuclear stuff, which is one of the reasons why it is still sitting there because it was a little contaminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Still work to be done’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Someone who knows a lot about this contamination and how it could be hurting the community is Arieann Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison’s mother, Marie Harrison, pushed for the cleanup of the shipyard for decades before passing away in 2019 from lung disease. Harrison took up her mantle in a way and now leads the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination\">advocating for an “absolute cleanup of the shipyard.\u003c/a>” But she believes there’s a “huge chance” the Navy will leave contamination in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison grew up very close to the shipyard and believes over time, she was exposed to radioactive contamination. A local doctor tested her for contaminants and found high levels of a bunch of them — contaminants like lead, manganese, uranium and plutonium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist told her that her case looks like “that of people serving in the military.” Because of all that new information, she’s worried her health issues are related to the contamination. The doctor who took Harrison’s tests and those of more than 150 others plans to create a registry of their results. She wants to expand testing across the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005327\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Bryant stands at Hillpoint Park overlooking the Hunters Point gantry crane at the naval shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I am still angry, and I am still hopeful for the future,” she said. “I have a lot of a vested interest in making sure that if it’s the last thing I do, things improve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison wants all the contaminated soil removed from the site. The Navy has removed some of it. Its solutions also include treating or sealing the contaminated soil under a thick layer of asphalt or dirt to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Harrison worries those remedies aren’t enough because scientists expect human-caused climate change to raise sea levels. That could push water up from underneath the toxic site and spread the contamination into the Bay and the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the Navy removes toxic soil, she believes rising seas will cause the contamination “to seep out into the greater Bay Area.” Over the last year, the Navy announced it found several radioactive objects within the site, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">raising concerns about the efficacy of the cleanup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Navy acknowledged for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979473/us-navy-acknowledges-toxic-groundwater-rising-in-bayview-hunters-point\">the first time that potentially toxic groundwater could surface at the shipyard in just over a decade\u003c/a>. The Navy said it’s taken steps to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea-level rise, like extending a seawall and landfill cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, an environmental justice nonprofit filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993505/cleanup-of-san-francisco-superfund-site-has-been-badly-mishandled-lawsuit-alleges\">a lawsuit alleging “egregious” mishandling of the cleanup of radioactive contamination\u003c/a> at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is apprehensive about the contamination left underground because the city of San Francisco hopes to allow developers to build \u003ca href=\"https://sfocii.org/projects/hunters-point-shipyard-candlestick-point-2/overview\">thousands of homes on the site\u003c/a>. If and when developers build those homes, many people who live in them will have a view of the Hunters Point Crane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Harrison, the crane is a daily reminder of the contamination left in her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, [the crane] signifies that there’s still work to be done,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>Every time Olivia Grubert drives over the Bay Bridge from Oakland, she notices this thing perched on the edge of the bay on the south side of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert:\u003c/strong> You see this massive structure just kind of all by itself. And it seems that no one really knows too much about it. I keep pointing it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>It turns out that metal monolith has a name. It’s called the Hunters Point Gantry Crane. From a distance, you see the structure looks like an outline of a dining table with four legs and a rectangular top on top of that table on one side. A wide arch reaches up to the sky. And this thing is big. So big it can be seen from at least three counties. Olivia sent us this question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert: \u003c/strong>I live in Oakland, and I was curious, can you tell us about the massive crane at Hunters Point? How did it used to operate and why is it still around today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>The Hunters Point Gantry crane is 450 feet tall and 730 feet long. It weighs as much as the Eiffel Tower. It’s an iconic piece of infrastructure, not unlike the Sutro Tower or the Bay Bridge, but perhaps the more underrated cousin. What else is there to know? A whole lot. I’m Olivia Allen Price. On today’s episode, we dig into the Crane’s history by talking to San Francisco locals who see the crane as a piece of ingenuity, but also as a reminder of how actions by the U.S. Navy decades ago still haunt San Franciscans today. We’ll get into all of that just after a quick break. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SPONSOR MESSAGE]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>To help us answer Olivia’s question about the Hunters Point Crane, we’ve got KQED climate reporter Ezra David Romero here. Hey, Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Hey, Olivia. Yeah. Whenever I think of the Hunters Point Crane, I always think of those cranes at the Port of Oakland that you can see from the Bay Bridge. I was always told that they inspired the imperial walkers. You know, those like creatures that walk in the snow in the \u003cem>Star Wars\u003c/em> film \u003cem>The Empire Strikes Back\u003c/em>. I personally love that scene where the rebel alliance takes down an imperial walker on the snow planet, Hoth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>But Bay Curious did an episode in 2017 demystifying that idea. George Lucas is on record saying there’s no connection. Sorry, Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It may not have inspired George Lucas, but I learned the notion of the crane being related to war isn’t farfetched. James Bryant has lived in the Bayview for more than 40 years. He’s known in the community as a neighborhood historian. I took our question asker Olivia Grubert, to meet him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>This is my house right here. I’m not going to disturb my wife. I’m gonna park here. Watch your step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>But from his front porch, he sees the old gantry crane off in the distance every single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>There it is. What a picture. The west coast Statue of Liberty, right here. The Gantry Crane represents what New York has in their bay, we have in our bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>To me and Olivia, from this vantage point, it kind of looks like a futuristic metal space dog guarding San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>It is huge and it’s breathtaking. You ever seen a crane like this anywhere in the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert: \u003c/strong>I’m really excited we have this here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>To understand how the Hunters Point Gantry Crane came to be. We have to go back in time to the late 1940s when the Cold War started between the United States, the Soviet Union, and the respective allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[music]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The crane was built in 1947 for $2.5 million. At this point, it looked like a giant table from afar. On two sides, the crane loaded massive gun turrets on the warships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>The overhead was being operated on two sides of the columns or the boats pulled in and they were being, you know, lifted, loaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All together, it could lift over 1 million pounds. The goal was to fix and load up ships fast so they could get back to battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>The crane was used for loading like four or five ships at once. It was an idea that, you know what, we’re going to war and we need to load these ships like, right now. Because, you know, these ships were major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The Navy also tested missiles on the crane, Polaris missiles, which are hydrogen bomb tipped. I wasn’t able to find any archival recordings of a missile test from the Hunters Point Crane. But here’s what one sounded like in 1960 being shot out of a submarine off the Florida coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Archival Tape: \u003c/strong>The George Washington goes down some 50 to 60 feet below the surface and the time for launching is at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>At Hunters Point, the missiles were originally hurled into the bay and then later retrieved. Later they were shot into midair, but an apparatus prevented them from flight. In the 70s, when the Navy wanted to test stronger Poseidon missiles on the crane, they attached a 170 foot arch to strengthen it. Here’s a Poseidon being launched by the Navy off the Florida coast in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Archival Tape]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>At the shipyard, the Navy decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. This process contaminated the soil in and around the base with radioactive chemicals, heavy metals, and petroleum fuels. The Navy base remained active until 1974 and was used by a private company for ship repair after that. The base was declared one of the nation’s most contaminated sites in 1989. The crane has remained unused for decades. While the history of the crane is quite straightforward, its legacy is complex. On one hand, the Navy brought jobs to the Bay Area, much needed jobs for people who had left the South. The shipyard employed as many as 18,000 people at its peak, many of whom were black. They built in-service ships for wartime efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>They came up from Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and, you know, they were looking for some sort of prosperity. And imagine people who went in there, got jobs, ended up being homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So, it represented, like, prosperity, like opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>There was two things for people who came up from the south and didn’t have a job. They didn’t have opportunity in those southern states. And it was prosperity because they got to own a home. They got to live in the best weather. You can’t beat this where they can’t beat the Bayview weather, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>But on the other hand, the hunters point crane is a reminder of another legacy. Radioactive contamination is still on the ground all these years later. The Navy is working on cleaning up the site. And just last year, two soil samples unearthed radioactive objects there. The Navy did not respond to my emails for comment. But in the past, the Navy defended its remedies. Community advocates like James have for years called for a more thorough cleanup of the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>It could be eradicated. If it was on the other side of town, it would have been gone. You know what I mean? If it was a Sea Cliff, there would have never been an issue because the value of the homes and stuff, it should be prosperity again. That should switch Bayview Hunters Point from none to prosperity. It could provide jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>In the late 1970s. James worked for the Navy at the shipyard in public relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>I said, okay, but there’s something about me that you might know up front. And this was that. I don’t lie. I went along with that project for about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He left that job because he did not agree with a message the Navy wanted to portray about the contamination left at the shipyard. James now owns a public relations firm in the Bayview. All these years later, James is now 70 and still raves about the crane, but is worried about the contamination left in the ground beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>You can almost hear the buildings talk to you. There’s history here that no one is talking about. Somehow the Navy ships that went in there were loaded with the nuclear stuff, which is one of the reasons why it is still sitting there, because it was a little contaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>A little contaminated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>Just a little [laughs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Someone who knows a lot about this contamination and how it could be hurting the community is Arieann Harrison. We’re at her office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>How are you? Oh, you look so cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Good to see you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I met Ariana a few years ago. Her mom, Marie Harrison, pushed for the cleanup of the shipyard for decades before passing away in 2019 from lung disease. Ariana took up her mom’s mantle in a way, and now leads the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, which is focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>Right now, we’re still at, you know, absolutely clean up of the shipyard. Even though we know that there’s a really big, huge chance they’re not going to take all that stuff off from under the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Erin grew up very close to the shipyard and believes she was exposed to the radioactive contamination. A local doctor tested her for contaminants and found a bunch of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>For me to see elevated levels of lead, which we usually see that in low income areas anyway. And manganese and, you know, radioactive isotopes and metals and all that other stuff that’s not good for you. And then to come back positive for PCI 24 — uranium and plutonium. I mean, come on, man, you know. And you have a scientist as saying that your case is that of people that were serving in the military, people that tested positive for this stuff. Come on. What do you do with that information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Because of all that new information, she’s worried her health issues are related to the contamination. The doctor who took Ariana’s tests and more than 150 others plans to create a registry of their results. She wants to expand testing across the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>I remain hopeful. If you want to get yourself to our early grave, you can stay bitter, right? And stay angry. That was affecting my health, too. I am still angry and I know that and is still hopeful at the same time, for the future, you know. I have a lot of a vested interest in making sure if it’s the last thing I do, that things improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Ariana believes a more thorough cleanup is needed. She wants all of the contaminated soil removed from the site, but the Navy has removed some of it. IT solutions also include treating or sealing the contaminated soil under a thick layer of asphalt or dirt to contain it. But she’s also worried those remedies aren’t enough because human caused climate change is expected to raise sea levels. That could push water up from underneath the toxic site and spread the contamination into the bay and the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>Later on down the line, a year or two or three from now, because we don’t know what the science is projecting, what sea level rise is going to look like, that this stuff that’s under the ground is definitely going to seep out to the Greater Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Earlier this year, the Navy acknowledged for the first time that potentially toxic groundwater could surface at the shipyard in just over a decade. They say they’ve taken steps to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea level rise like extending a seawall and a landfill cap. Their findings raise questions about the city’s plan to build thousands of homes here. If and when those homes are built. Many will have a view of the Hunters Point crane. For some, it’s an icon to be celebrated. There’s even a whole fan website for the old crane where they sell merchandise and tell some of the history behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>We know that maybe they want to preserve that, which is fine as long as they, you know, do their best to clean up all the crap that’s around it you know. But to me, it signifies that there’s still work to be done. It’s like when you have war, there’s always a fallout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s just that Arieann doesn’t want that fallout to any longer be on the shores of San Francisco. And in her case, the crane is a daily reminder of contamination left in her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Music]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>That was KQED’s Ezra David Romero. Thanks to Olivia Grubert for asking this week’s question. If you’ve got a question you’d like to hear answered on Bay Curious, head to Baycurious.org and ask. Next Monday is the start of Propfest, our podcast series that digs in deep on the propositions on California’s ballot this year. For two weeks, we’ll be dropping a new episode every Monday through Friday, each one covering one of the ten propositions that you’ll be voting on. We hope you’ll tune in so you can vote with confidence on the issues that matter to you. And honestly, the ones that maybe don’t matter to you yet, but you might care more about after you listen. It all kicks off Monday, September 23rd, so be sure you’re subscribed to Bay Curious so you don’t miss a thing. Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member supported KQED. Our show is made by Amanda Font, Christopher Beal, Ana De Almeida Amaral, and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from Jen Chien, Katrina Schwartz, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan, and the whole KQED family. I’m Olivia Allen Price. We will see you next Monday. Bye!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003cem>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>fter breakfast and coffee every morning, James Bryant heads out the front door. From his home on a hill in San Francisco, he sees the Hunters Point Gantry Crane, what he calls the “West Coast Statue of Liberty.” The metal monolith sits on the edge of the Bay at the old Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is huge, and it’s breathtaking,” said Bryant, who has lived in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood for over four decades and is a neighborhood historian. “The gantry crane represents what New York has in their bay, what we have in our bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crane is 450 feet tall and 730 feet long, so big it can be seen from three counties. It weighs as much as the Eiffel Tower. It’s an iconic piece of infrastructure, not unlike the Sutro Tower or the Bay Bridge, but perhaps the more underrated cousin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crane was used to load ships from the 1940s to the 1970s. For some, it’s a celebrated Bay Area icon worth. There’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.hunterspointcrane.com/\">a whole fan website for the old crane\u003c/a>, where they sell merchandise and tell some of its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the legacy and effect of the crane are much more profound than its metal form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Olivia Grubert wrote to Bay Curious asking for more information about the crane. So, let’s take a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The crane’s history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To understand how the Hunters Point Gantry Crane came to be, we have to go back to the late 1940s when the Cold War started between the United States, the Soviet Union and their respective allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Navy built the crane in 1947 for $2.5 million. At this point, it looked like a giant table from afar. On two sides, the crane loaded massive gun turrets onto warships. Altogether, it could lift more than a million pounds. The goal was to fix and load up ships fast so they could get back to battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005067\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005067\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-800x609.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240917-Hunters-Point-Gantry-Crane-SFPL-01-KQED-1920x1462.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on June 25, 1953. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The boats would pull in, and they were lifted and loaded,” Bryant said. “The idea was that we’re going to war and need to load these ships right now. These ships were major.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy also tested missiles on the crane — Polaris, hydrogen bomb-tipped missiles. At Hunters Point, the Navy initially hurled missiles into the bay and retrieved them after. Later, the military shot them into mid-air, but an apparatus prevented them from flight. In the ’70s, when the Navy wanted to test more potent Poseidon missiles on the crane, they attached a 170-foot arch to strengthen it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the shipyard, the Navy also decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. This process contaminated the soil in and around the base with radioactive chemicals, heavy metals and petroleum fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy base remained active until 1974, and after that, a private company used the property for ship repair for a short period of time. The base was declared one of the nation’s most contaminated sites in 1989. The crane has remained, standing unused for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005326\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">the Hunters Point gantry crane at the naval shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A complex legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the history of the crane itself is relatively straightforward, its legacy is complex. On one hand, the Navy brought jobs to the Bay Area, much-needed jobs for people who had left the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shipyard employed as many as 18,000 people at its peak, many of whom were Black. They built and serviced ships for wartime efforts. Bryant said they came from the South — places like Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. For many of them, the shipyard jobs allowed them to buy homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant said the crane reminds many people in the Bayview of the prosperity they were afforded by working at the shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was prosperity because they got to own a home,” he said. “They got to live in the best weather. You can’t beat the Bayview weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, the Hunters Point Crane is a reminder of another legacy. Radioactive contamination is still in the ground all these years later. The Navy is working on cleaning up the site, and just last year, the Navy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">unearthed two radioactive objects there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005325\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005325\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned building at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Navy did not respond to KQED’s email with a comment. But in the past, the Navy defended its remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community advocates like Bryant have called for a more thorough site cleanup for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be eradicated. If it were on the other side of town, it would have been gone,” said Byrant, who worked for the Navy in the 1970s at the shipyard in public relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these years later, Bryant is now 70 and still raves about the crane but is worried about the contamination in the ground beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can almost hear the buildings talking to you, [saying] there’s history here that no one’s talking about,” he said. “The Navy ships that went in there were loaded with nuclear stuff, which is one of the reasons why it is still sitting there because it was a little contaminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Still work to be done’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Someone who knows a lot about this contamination and how it could be hurting the community is Arieann Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison’s mother, Marie Harrison, pushed for the cleanup of the shipyard for decades before passing away in 2019 from lung disease. Harrison took up her mantle in a way and now leads the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination\">advocating for an “absolute cleanup of the shipyard.\u003c/a>” But she believes there’s a “huge chance” the Navy will leave contamination in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison grew up very close to the shipyard and believes over time, she was exposed to radioactive contamination. A local doctor tested her for contaminants and found high levels of a bunch of them — contaminants like lead, manganese, uranium and plutonium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist told her that her case looks like “that of people serving in the military.” Because of all that new information, she’s worried her health issues are related to the contamination. The doctor who took Harrison’s tests and those of more than 150 others plans to create a registry of their results. She wants to expand testing across the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005327\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240918-HUNTERSPOINTCRANE-14-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Bryant stands at Hillpoint Park overlooking the Hunters Point gantry crane at the naval shipyard in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I am still angry, and I am still hopeful for the future,” she said. “I have a lot of a vested interest in making sure that if it’s the last thing I do, things improve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison wants all the contaminated soil removed from the site. The Navy has removed some of it. Its solutions also include treating or sealing the contaminated soil under a thick layer of asphalt or dirt to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Harrison worries those remedies aren’t enough because scientists expect human-caused climate change to raise sea levels. That could push water up from underneath the toxic site and spread the contamination into the Bay and the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the Navy removes toxic soil, she believes rising seas will cause the contamination “to seep out into the greater Bay Area.” Over the last year, the Navy announced it found several radioactive objects within the site, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">raising concerns about the efficacy of the cleanup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Navy acknowledged for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979473/us-navy-acknowledges-toxic-groundwater-rising-in-bayview-hunters-point\">the first time that potentially toxic groundwater could surface at the shipyard in just over a decade\u003c/a>. The Navy said it’s taken steps to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea-level rise, like extending a seawall and landfill cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, an environmental justice nonprofit filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993505/cleanup-of-san-francisco-superfund-site-has-been-badly-mishandled-lawsuit-alleges\">a lawsuit alleging “egregious” mishandling of the cleanup of radioactive contamination\u003c/a> at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison is apprehensive about the contamination left underground because the city of San Francisco hopes to allow developers to build \u003ca href=\"https://sfocii.org/projects/hunters-point-shipyard-candlestick-point-2/overview\">thousands of homes on the site\u003c/a>. If and when developers build those homes, many people who live in them will have a view of the Hunters Point Crane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Harrison, the crane is a daily reminder of the contamination left in her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, [the crane] signifies that there’s still work to be done,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>Every time Olivia Grubert drives over the Bay Bridge from Oakland, she notices this thing perched on the edge of the bay on the south side of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert:\u003c/strong> You see this massive structure just kind of all by itself. And it seems that no one really knows too much about it. I keep pointing it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>It turns out that metal monolith has a name. It’s called the Hunters Point Gantry Crane. From a distance, you see the structure looks like an outline of a dining table with four legs and a rectangular top on top of that table on one side. A wide arch reaches up to the sky. And this thing is big. So big it can be seen from at least three counties. Olivia sent us this question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert: \u003c/strong>I live in Oakland, and I was curious, can you tell us about the massive crane at Hunters Point? How did it used to operate and why is it still around today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>The Hunters Point Gantry crane is 450 feet tall and 730 feet long. It weighs as much as the Eiffel Tower. It’s an iconic piece of infrastructure, not unlike the Sutro Tower or the Bay Bridge, but perhaps the more underrated cousin. What else is there to know? A whole lot. I’m Olivia Allen Price. On today’s episode, we dig into the Crane’s history by talking to San Francisco locals who see the crane as a piece of ingenuity, but also as a reminder of how actions by the U.S. Navy decades ago still haunt San Franciscans today. We’ll get into all of that just after a quick break. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SPONSOR MESSAGE]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>To help us answer Olivia’s question about the Hunters Point Crane, we’ve got KQED climate reporter Ezra David Romero here. Hey, Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Hey, Olivia. Yeah. Whenever I think of the Hunters Point Crane, I always think of those cranes at the Port of Oakland that you can see from the Bay Bridge. I was always told that they inspired the imperial walkers. You know, those like creatures that walk in the snow in the \u003cem>Star Wars\u003c/em> film \u003cem>The Empire Strikes Back\u003c/em>. I personally love that scene where the rebel alliance takes down an imperial walker on the snow planet, Hoth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>But Bay Curious did an episode in 2017 demystifying that idea. George Lucas is on record saying there’s no connection. Sorry, Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It may not have inspired George Lucas, but I learned the notion of the crane being related to war isn’t farfetched. James Bryant has lived in the Bayview for more than 40 years. He’s known in the community as a neighborhood historian. I took our question asker Olivia Grubert, to meet him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>This is my house right here. I’m not going to disturb my wife. I’m gonna park here. Watch your step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>But from his front porch, he sees the old gantry crane off in the distance every single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>There it is. What a picture. The west coast Statue of Liberty, right here. The Gantry Crane represents what New York has in their bay, we have in our bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>To me and Olivia, from this vantage point, it kind of looks like a futuristic metal space dog guarding San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>It is huge and it’s breathtaking. You ever seen a crane like this anywhere in the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Grubert: \u003c/strong>I’m really excited we have this here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>To understand how the Hunters Point Gantry Crane came to be. We have to go back in time to the late 1940s when the Cold War started between the United States, the Soviet Union, and the respective allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[music]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The crane was built in 1947 for $2.5 million. At this point, it looked like a giant table from afar. On two sides, the crane loaded massive gun turrets on the warships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>The overhead was being operated on two sides of the columns or the boats pulled in and they were being, you know, lifted, loaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All together, it could lift over 1 million pounds. The goal was to fix and load up ships fast so they could get back to battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>The crane was used for loading like four or five ships at once. It was an idea that, you know what, we’re going to war and we need to load these ships like, right now. Because, you know, these ships were major.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The Navy also tested missiles on the crane, Polaris missiles, which are hydrogen bomb tipped. I wasn’t able to find any archival recordings of a missile test from the Hunters Point Crane. But here’s what one sounded like in 1960 being shot out of a submarine off the Florida coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Archival Tape: \u003c/strong>The George Washington goes down some 50 to 60 feet below the surface and the time for launching is at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>At Hunters Point, the missiles were originally hurled into the bay and then later retrieved. Later they were shot into midair, but an apparatus prevented them from flight. In the 70s, when the Navy wanted to test stronger Poseidon missiles on the crane, they attached a 170 foot arch to strengthen it. Here’s a Poseidon being launched by the Navy off the Florida coast in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Archival Tape]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>At the shipyard, the Navy decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. This process contaminated the soil in and around the base with radioactive chemicals, heavy metals, and petroleum fuels. The Navy base remained active until 1974 and was used by a private company for ship repair after that. The base was declared one of the nation’s most contaminated sites in 1989. The crane has remained unused for decades. While the history of the crane is quite straightforward, its legacy is complex. On one hand, the Navy brought jobs to the Bay Area, much needed jobs for people who had left the South. The shipyard employed as many as 18,000 people at its peak, many of whom were black. They built in-service ships for wartime efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>They came up from Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and, you know, they were looking for some sort of prosperity. And imagine people who went in there, got jobs, ended up being homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So, it represented, like, prosperity, like opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>There was two things for people who came up from the south and didn’t have a job. They didn’t have opportunity in those southern states. And it was prosperity because they got to own a home. They got to live in the best weather. You can’t beat this where they can’t beat the Bayview weather, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>But on the other hand, the hunters point crane is a reminder of another legacy. Radioactive contamination is still on the ground all these years later. The Navy is working on cleaning up the site. And just last year, two soil samples unearthed radioactive objects there. The Navy did not respond to my emails for comment. But in the past, the Navy defended its remedies. Community advocates like James have for years called for a more thorough cleanup of the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>It could be eradicated. If it was on the other side of town, it would have been gone. You know what I mean? If it was a Sea Cliff, there would have never been an issue because the value of the homes and stuff, it should be prosperity again. That should switch Bayview Hunters Point from none to prosperity. It could provide jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>In the late 1970s. James worked for the Navy at the shipyard in public relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>I said, okay, but there’s something about me that you might know up front. And this was that. I don’t lie. I went along with that project for about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He left that job because he did not agree with a message the Navy wanted to portray about the contamination left at the shipyard. James now owns a public relations firm in the Bayview. All these years later, James is now 70 and still raves about the crane, but is worried about the contamination left in the ground beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>You can almost hear the buildings talk to you. There’s history here that no one is talking about. Somehow the Navy ships that went in there were loaded with the nuclear stuff, which is one of the reasons why it is still sitting there, because it was a little contaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>A little contaminated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Bryant: \u003c/strong>Just a little [laughs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Someone who knows a lot about this contamination and how it could be hurting the community is Arieann Harrison. We’re at her office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>How are you? Oh, you look so cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Good to see you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I met Ariana a few years ago. Her mom, Marie Harrison, pushed for the cleanup of the shipyard for decades before passing away in 2019 from lung disease. Ariana took up her mom’s mantle in a way, and now leads the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, which is focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>Right now, we’re still at, you know, absolutely clean up of the shipyard. Even though we know that there’s a really big, huge chance they’re not going to take all that stuff off from under the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Erin grew up very close to the shipyard and believes she was exposed to the radioactive contamination. A local doctor tested her for contaminants and found a bunch of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>For me to see elevated levels of lead, which we usually see that in low income areas anyway. And manganese and, you know, radioactive isotopes and metals and all that other stuff that’s not good for you. And then to come back positive for PCI 24 — uranium and plutonium. I mean, come on, man, you know. And you have a scientist as saying that your case is that of people that were serving in the military, people that tested positive for this stuff. Come on. What do you do with that information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Because of all that new information, she’s worried her health issues are related to the contamination. The doctor who took Ariana’s tests and more than 150 others plans to create a registry of their results. She wants to expand testing across the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison \u003c/strong>I remain hopeful. If you want to get yourself to our early grave, you can stay bitter, right? And stay angry. That was affecting my health, too. I am still angry and I know that and is still hopeful at the same time, for the future, you know. I have a lot of a vested interest in making sure if it’s the last thing I do, that things improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Ariana believes a more thorough cleanup is needed. She wants all of the contaminated soil removed from the site, but the Navy has removed some of it. IT solutions also include treating or sealing the contaminated soil under a thick layer of asphalt or dirt to contain it. But she’s also worried those remedies aren’t enough because human caused climate change is expected to raise sea levels. That could push water up from underneath the toxic site and spread the contamination into the bay and the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>Later on down the line, a year or two or three from now, because we don’t know what the science is projecting, what sea level rise is going to look like, that this stuff that’s under the ground is definitely going to seep out to the Greater Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Earlier this year, the Navy acknowledged for the first time that potentially toxic groundwater could surface at the shipyard in just over a decade. They say they’ve taken steps to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea level rise like extending a seawall and a landfill cap. Their findings raise questions about the city’s plan to build thousands of homes here. If and when those homes are built. Many will have a view of the Hunters Point crane. For some, it’s an icon to be celebrated. There’s even a whole fan website for the old crane where they sell merchandise and tell some of the history behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arieann Harrison: \u003c/strong>We know that maybe they want to preserve that, which is fine as long as they, you know, do their best to clean up all the crap that’s around it you know. But to me, it signifies that there’s still work to be done. It’s like when you have war, there’s always a fallout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s just that Arieann doesn’t want that fallout to any longer be on the shores of San Francisco. And in her case, the crane is a daily reminder of contamination left in her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Music]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen Price: \u003c/strong>That was KQED’s Ezra David Romero. Thanks to Olivia Grubert for asking this week’s question. If you’ve got a question you’d like to hear answered on Bay Curious, head to Baycurious.org and ask. Next Monday is the start of Propfest, our podcast series that digs in deep on the propositions on California’s ballot this year. For two weeks, we’ll be dropping a new episode every Monday through Friday, each one covering one of the ten propositions that you’ll be voting on. We hope you’ll tune in so you can vote with confidence on the issues that matter to you. And honestly, the ones that maybe don’t matter to you yet, but you might care more about after you listen. It all kicks off Monday, September 23rd, so be sure you’re subscribed to Bay Curious so you don’t miss a thing. Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member supported KQED. Our show is made by Amanda Font, Christopher Beal, Ana De Almeida Amaral, and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from Jen Chien, Katrina Schwartz, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan, and the whole KQED family. I’m Olivia Allen Price. We will see you next Monday. Bye!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>"
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"slug": "famed-marin-county-beach-is-closed-indefinitely-by-wastewater-leaking-from-bluffs",
"title": "Famed Marin County Beach Is Closed Indefinitely by Wastewater Leaking From Bluffs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay\">North Bay\u003c/a> beach known for its popular surf spots has been closed indefinitely after county officials discovered wastewater seeping onto the sand, leaving locals and business owners with lots of unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southwest part of Bolinas Beach, which sits at the tip of the part of town known as “Big Mesa,” has been shut down since Sept. 6. Officials found effluent seeping from a couple dozen locations along the bluffs, spanning roughly a mile and a half of the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effluent was first discovered by Marin County employees inspecting a permit application who noticed pooling liquid in the area, said Sarah Jones, the Community Development Agency’s director. After testing the liquid, they found that it was consistent with bacteria present in human waste, including E. coli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a community meeting last week, Jones said there had been a “pretty significant amount” of seepage, estimated at about 10 gallons of flow per minute, from various locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effluent on the bluffs is not a result of a spill or in an area where bacteria is expected, and there have been some reports that locals have observed white crystals identified as a result of the seepage for years. The cause is still unknown, but the waste is likely coming from nearby septic tanks since the homes on the mesa are not on a public sewage system, Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to do analysis and testing to conclude that it’s a result of the septic tanks, but at the same time, there’s no other culprit that we could identify,” Jones told KQED. “There are a large number of septic tanks on top of the mesa, there is effluent coming out of the hillside, and we don’t know where else it could be coming from other than the septic tanks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said she didn’t know when the county might have more concrete answers as to what is causing the seepage, how it plans to remediate the issue or when the beach might reopen. At last week’s community meeting, Marin County Chief Health Officer Lisa Santora said it’s possible the closure could extend past November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12003399 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/DillonBeach1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really entering the assessment phase to identify what is the true scale and scope of the situation,” Santora said. “We know that the beach is a real critical element of our community here, but just as critical an element as the beach and access to the beach and the enjoyment you find from it, your health is our top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and safety code requires closing a beach on which visible sewage is found, Santora said during the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, some businesses in Bolinas are bearing the brunt of the shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Krieger, who runs Bolinas Surf Lessons, said he plans to close his business about six weeks early. Usually, he’ll give lessons through October and sometimes into the first few weeks of November, depending on the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first weekend of the beach closure, though, he said business has just “fallen off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost nonexistent,” Krieger said. “Usually, I have an online schedule, and I usually fill it with lessons people can book. And I just haven’t filled it up for people to even book because it’s not likely that they’re going to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first weekend of the partial closure, Krieger was able to give lessons on the eastern portion of Bolinas Beach, between Brighton Avenue and Wharf Road, where no waste was found and which remains open. That is actually the “main break” for surfers, he said, in the channel between Bolinas and Stinson Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those reservations were made before the closures were announced. Since then, Krieger hasn’t been booking new lessons and said there has been “almost nobody” on the beach apart from locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty around what’s causing the seepage and when the beach could reopen is especially concerning, Krieger said, noting that even a broken sewer pipe would be easier to plan around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s like, ‘We don’t know what this is, and we don’t know how long it’s been here, but now that we know we have to close the beach,’ it’s like, OK, this may not ever get resolved,” Krieger told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little scary, honestly, having a business there,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bolinas Community Public Utility District has confirmed that its water, which is piped in, is safe to drink, and Jones said the Community Development Agency is working on a plan to help locals test private wells on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears the health risk is confined to the beach. There haven’t been any reports of illness related to the effluent, and water testing conducted along the beachfront found that bacteria levels did not exceed standards for water-contact recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If [people are] out in the ocean, it doesn’t appear that there’s a health risk there,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Uncertainty around the closure of part of Bolinas Beach, known for its surf spots, has left locals with lots of questions. The seepage is likely coming from septic tanks.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay\">North Bay\u003c/a> beach known for its popular surf spots has been closed indefinitely after county officials discovered wastewater seeping onto the sand, leaving locals and business owners with lots of unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southwest part of Bolinas Beach, which sits at the tip of the part of town known as “Big Mesa,” has been shut down since Sept. 6. Officials found effluent seeping from a couple dozen locations along the bluffs, spanning roughly a mile and a half of the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effluent was first discovered by Marin County employees inspecting a permit application who noticed pooling liquid in the area, said Sarah Jones, the Community Development Agency’s director. After testing the liquid, they found that it was consistent with bacteria present in human waste, including E. coli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a community meeting last week, Jones said there had been a “pretty significant amount” of seepage, estimated at about 10 gallons of flow per minute, from various locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effluent on the bluffs is not a result of a spill or in an area where bacteria is expected, and there have been some reports that locals have observed white crystals identified as a result of the seepage for years. The cause is still unknown, but the waste is likely coming from nearby septic tanks since the homes on the mesa are not on a public sewage system, Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to do analysis and testing to conclude that it’s a result of the septic tanks, but at the same time, there’s no other culprit that we could identify,” Jones told KQED. “There are a large number of septic tanks on top of the mesa, there is effluent coming out of the hillside, and we don’t know where else it could be coming from other than the septic tanks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said she didn’t know when the county might have more concrete answers as to what is causing the seepage, how it plans to remediate the issue or when the beach might reopen. At last week’s community meeting, Marin County Chief Health Officer Lisa Santora said it’s possible the closure could extend past November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really entering the assessment phase to identify what is the true scale and scope of the situation,” Santora said. “We know that the beach is a real critical element of our community here, but just as critical an element as the beach and access to the beach and the enjoyment you find from it, your health is our top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and safety code requires closing a beach on which visible sewage is found, Santora said during the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, some businesses in Bolinas are bearing the brunt of the shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Krieger, who runs Bolinas Surf Lessons, said he plans to close his business about six weeks early. Usually, he’ll give lessons through October and sometimes into the first few weeks of November, depending on the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first weekend of the beach closure, though, he said business has just “fallen off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost nonexistent,” Krieger said. “Usually, I have an online schedule, and I usually fill it with lessons people can book. And I just haven’t filled it up for people to even book because it’s not likely that they’re going to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first weekend of the partial closure, Krieger was able to give lessons on the eastern portion of Bolinas Beach, between Brighton Avenue and Wharf Road, where no waste was found and which remains open. That is actually the “main break” for surfers, he said, in the channel between Bolinas and Stinson Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those reservations were made before the closures were announced. Since then, Krieger hasn’t been booking new lessons and said there has been “almost nobody” on the beach apart from locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty around what’s causing the seepage and when the beach could reopen is especially concerning, Krieger said, noting that even a broken sewer pipe would be easier to plan around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s like, ‘We don’t know what this is, and we don’t know how long it’s been here, but now that we know we have to close the beach,’ it’s like, OK, this may not ever get resolved,” Krieger told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little scary, honestly, having a business there,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bolinas Community Public Utility District has confirmed that its water, which is piped in, is safe to drink, and Jones said the Community Development Agency is working on a plan to help locals test private wells on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears the health risk is confined to the beach. There haven’t been any reports of illness related to the effluent, and water testing conducted along the beachfront found that bacteria levels did not exceed standards for water-contact recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If [people are] out in the ocean, it doesn’t appear that there’s a health risk there,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "gas-stoves-may-soon-come-with-a-tobacco-style-health-warning-label-in-california",
"title": "Gas Stoves May Soon Come With a Tobacco-Style Health Warning Label in California",
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"headTitle": "Gas Stoves May Soon Come With a Tobacco-Style Health Warning Label in California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The next time you shop for a cooking stove, the gas versions might show a health warning label similar to those on tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a stove’s blue flame releases air pollution into your kitchen, California lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">bill that would require such warning labels\u003c/a> on gas stoves for sale in stores and online. Gov. Gavin Newsom has until the end of September to sign the bill into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes after a series of lawsuits were filed against stove manufacturers, claiming they should have warned customers about potential health risks. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">Environmental activists are encouraging people to switch to electric stoves as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a broader campaign\u003c/a> to cut climate pollution from buildings.\u003c/span> Now, there’s an effort to put health warning labels on stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A chef replaces her gas stove\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/pdf/State%20Appliances.pdf\">38% of U.S. homes\u003c/a> cook with natural gas, and utilities have preserved that market share with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1183551603/gas-stove-utility-tobacco\">tobacco-style tactics\u003c/a> to avoid regulations on gas stoves. Part of that is a decades-old “cooking with gas” campaign that has helped gas stoves remain popular with cooks, including famous ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say, historically, I’ve been really a snob about that,” says Samin Nosrat, who wrote the 2017 award-winning cookbook \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltfatacidheat.com/\">\u003cem>Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She learned to cook with gas. “I just never accepted an alternative in my imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few years back, she bought a house with a gas stove, and her carbon monoxide alarm kept going off when she cooked. At first, she assumed the alarm was broken and installed a new one. Finally, she called the gas company. A utility worker says that levels of the poisonous gas were “off the charts high” and that she should get checked for carbon monoxide poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004682\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1207\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1020x769.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1536x1159.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign above the Standard Gas Light Co. promotes cooking with gas. \u003ccite>(Schenectady Museum Association/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nosrat was fine but says, “I really didn’t feel safe. I just always had this feeling of like, ‘Is my oven going to kill me?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her to switch from a gas to an electric range could have required expensive electrical upgrades and construction that would inconvenience her neighbors. So Nosrat opted for a new style of electric induction stove with a battery that doesn’t need a special outlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her installation, the \u003ca href=\"https://copperhome.com/\">California company Copper\u003c/a> measured pollutants in Nosrat’s home before and after. It found that both nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide levels dropped dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Nosrat still uses a gas stove in her studio for work, she says it’s a relief to know her home range is no longer sending fossil fuel pollutants into her living space. And she found another benefit to using an induction stove with a smooth cooktop: “Cleaning it rules — like, you just spray it down and wipe it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A California law to warn stove buyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another Californian has been learning about indoor air pollution from gas stoves, and as a state lawmaker, she sponsored legislation to warn other stove buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Gail Pellerin, a Democrat from Santa Cruz, says she knew to turn on the vent hood when using the cooktop, but she hadn’t thought about her gas oven. “So if I’ve got a lasagna in the oven, I have never put the vent on because you’re not seeing the smoke and everything,” Pellerin told NPR. “So I was emitting horrible gases into my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say nitrogen dioxide is the biggest concern. It’s a reddish-brown gas and is a key element of smog outdoors. It can irritate airways and may contribute to the development of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://apha.org/Policies-and-Advocacy/Public-Health-Policy-Statements/Policy-Database/2023/01/18/Gas-Stove-Emissions\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> has labeled gas cooking stoves “a public health concern,” and the \u003ca href=\"https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/gas%20stove?uri=%2FAMADoc%2Fdirectives.xml-D-135.964.xml\">American Medical Association\u003c/a> warns that cooking with gas increases the risk of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas stoves can also leak methane, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/27/1075874473/gas-stoves-climate-change-leak-methane\">even when they’re off\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/16/1181299405/gas-stoves-pollute-homes-with-benzene-which-is-linked-to-cancer\">stoves emit benzene\u003c/a>, which is linked to cancer. While stove manufacturers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1149736969/gas-stove-makers-have-a-pollution-solution-theyre-just-not-using-it\">developed cleaner and more efficient burners\u003c/a>, they aren’t widely available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas-lit flames burn on a natural gas stove. California’s Legislature passed a bill requiring health warning labels on new gas stoves. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">Pellerin’s legislation\u003c/a> becomes law, it will require a label on gas stoves for sale in stores and online that says, “Gas stoves can release nitrogen dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and other harmful pollutants into the air, which can be toxic to people and pets.” The label would also mention associated risks for breathing problems, suggest using a vent hood and say, “Young children, people with asthma, and people with heart or lung disease are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of combustion pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is just important for us to have transparency and inform consumers so they can make the decision that’s right for their family,” Pellerin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar bills were introduced in Illinois and New York, but unlike California’s version, lawmakers did not pass them out of the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign for warning labels is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\">larger climate effort\u003c/a> to get consumers to switch to electric appliances that don’t burn fossil fuels. Commercial and residential buildings account for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">13% of heat-trapping emissions\u003c/a>, mainly from the use of gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004686\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1536x862.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The natural gas production and supply system leaks the powerful greenhouse gas methane during drilling, fracking, processing and transport. \u003ccite>(Meredith Miotke/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) opposed California’s health warning legislation and suggested a different label that does not focus on fossil fuel combustion pollution. The trade group echoes gas industry arguments that smoke and fumes from cooking food are a bigger problem than pollution from burning gas and that two separate issues are being conflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want to talk about people’s health and indoor air quality, then let’s talk about that. If we want to talk about fossil fuel versus electrification, then we need to talk about that,” says Kevin Messner, AHAM’s executive vice president and chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messner says all pollution from stoves — electric or gas — requires proper ventilation to prevent pollution from accumulating in homes. With warning labels only on gas stoves, Messner argues that this sends the wrong message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you go to, let’s say, a retailer and you see a gas cooking product with a warning or information that says you should use ventilation. Then right next to it, you have an electric appliance or an induction [stove] that does not have that warning — this is common sense that you’re going to think, ‘I don’t need to use ventilation for the electric appliance,'” Messner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHAM says it’s disappointed California lawmakers passed the health warning label only for gas stoves. But that has energized activists, who hope they can get similar labels on gas stoves for sale nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A national campaign for gas stove health warnings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The use of gas stoves has become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/21/1150397853/gas-stoves-became-part-of-the-culture-war-in-less-than-a-week-heres-why\">flash point in the culture wars\u003c/a>. One of the groups pushing for health warning labels has turned to humor to spread its message. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gasleaks.org/\">Gas Leaks Project\u003c/a> released a parody trailer this year for a \u003ca href=\"https://hotandtoxic.com/\">reality show it calls \u003cem>Hot & Toxic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. The premise is an “unsuspecting homeowner” who loves her new gas stove but later learns it comes with some of “the hottest, most toxic housemates imaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each character represents a pollutant created from burning gas, including carbon monoxide, or “C.MO,” which echoes a line that reality show fans will recognize but with a twist. “I did not come here to make friends,” she says. “I came here to cause chest pain, nausea and vomiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AskIzThmK4U&t=4s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A campaign associated with the parody encourages people to sign a petition to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), telling it to put warning labels on gas stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPSC was at the center of a 2023 culture war campaign led by conservatives, who falsely claimed the Biden administration wanted to take away Americans’ gas stoves. Rep. Ronny Jackson, R-Texas, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RonnyJacksonTX/status/1612839703018934274\">wrote on social media\u003c/a>, “I’ll NEVER give up my gas stove. If the maniacs in the White House come for my stove, they can pry it from my cold dead hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outrage was prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/us-safety-agency-to-consider-ban-on-gas-stoves-amid-health-fears?sref=h2AwP2mF\">a story\u003c/a> in which CPSC Commissioner Richard Trumka Jr. suggested that the CPSC might consider stricter regulations on new gas stoves in response to health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11938934,science_1992085,science_1991664\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trumka and the CPSC did not respond to NPR’s requests for interviews. Even before that kerfuffle, the CPSC had launched a task force about gas stoves and indoor air quality. It included industry, environmental and consumer groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We met at least monthly for a year and a half,” AHAM’s Messner says, adding that participants leaned toward regulating cooking fumes instead of fossil fuel combustion pollution. “The enthusiasm for having CPSC’s task force trailed off by some who didn’t see it going in the direction where they wanted it to go, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Public Interest Research Group disputes that conclusion and says the staff member directing the group was reassigned. Still, U.S. PIRG has redirected its campaign and launched a new effort to get health warning labels on gas stoves sold in Washington, D.C., by suing one of the biggest stove manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Suing gas stove companies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/23/nx-s1-4975635/lawsuit-gas-stoves-air-pollution-nitrogen-dioxide-health-risks\">filed a lawsuit in May\u003c/a> against the Chinese company Haier, which owns GE Appliances. U.S. PIRG says the manufacturer violates the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws\">District of Columbia’s consumer protection law\u003c/a>, which “prohibits a wide variety of deceptive and unconscionable business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re saying that it’s a deceptive practice for GE Appliances to sell gas stoves in the District without warning consumers about the well-documented health risks associated with cooking with gas,” says Abe Scarr, U.S. PIRG’s energy and utilities program director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group isn’t asking for money, aside from paying U.S. PIRG’s attorney fees and costs. Instead, it wants the court to require GE Appliances to put health warning labels on gas stoves sold in the District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for GE Appliances says the company won’t comment on the litigation but says: “All our ranges and cooktops meet or exceed applicable safety standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1143\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1536x1097.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1992 analysis by Duke University and Environmental Protection Agency researchers found that children in a home with a gas stove have about a 20% increased risk of developing respiratory illness. A 2022 analysis showed that 12.7% of childhood asthma cases in the US can be attributed to the use of gas stoves in homes. \u003ccite>(Jeff Brady/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other gas stove manufacturers face \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/gas-stove-makers-fail-to-defeat-class-actions-over-emissions\">potential class action lawsuits\u003c/a> in California and Wisconsin that claim companies should disclose the risk of pollutants to consumers. Attorneys in Massachusetts have filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/eversource-faces-class-action-lawsuit-for-advertising-gas-use-as-safe-clean-81992643\">similar case\u003c/a> against the local gas utility Eversource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarr says the legal cases are needed because stove buyers aren’t getting the message that pollution from gas stoves can lead to health problems. His group \u003ca href=\"https://pirg.org/edfund/media-center/new-report-top-retailers-fail-to-warn-shoppers-about-health-risks-of-gas-stove-pollution/\">surveyed 62 Lowe’s, Home Depot and Best Buy locations in 11 states\u003c/a>. Secret shoppers were dispatched to ask about health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG found that most salespeople “flatly denied or expressed ignorance about the health risks of gas stoves” and that 15% of them “recommended gas stoves over electric ranges or induction cooktops, even when the secret shopper voiced concerns about pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe’s and Best Buy did not respond to NPR’s interview requests. A Home Depot spokesperson says, “Most customers choose a gas, electric or induction range based on which fuel their home is equipped for” and also says that the retailer sells range hoods and that a stove’s instruction manual “speaks to the importance of ventilation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Scarr’s group pursues its D.C. lawsuit, he says they plan to again pressure the CPSC to require health warning labels for the entire country, possibly as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you shop for a cooking stove, the gas versions might show a health warning label similar to those on tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a stove’s blue flame releases air pollution into your kitchen, California lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">bill that would require such warning labels\u003c/a> on gas stoves for sale in stores and online. Gov. Gavin Newsom has until the end of September to sign the bill into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes after a series of lawsuits were filed against stove manufacturers, claiming they should have warned customers about potential health risks. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">Environmental activists are encouraging people to switch to electric stoves as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a broader campaign\u003c/a> to cut climate pollution from buildings.\u003c/span> Now, there’s an effort to put health warning labels on stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A chef replaces her gas stove\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/pdf/State%20Appliances.pdf\">38% of U.S. homes\u003c/a> cook with natural gas, and utilities have preserved that market share with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1183551603/gas-stove-utility-tobacco\">tobacco-style tactics\u003c/a> to avoid regulations on gas stoves. Part of that is a decades-old “cooking with gas” campaign that has helped gas stoves remain popular with cooks, including famous ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say, historically, I’ve been really a snob about that,” says Samin Nosrat, who wrote the 2017 award-winning cookbook \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltfatacidheat.com/\">\u003cem>Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She learned to cook with gas. “I just never accepted an alternative in my imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few years back, she bought a house with a gas stove, and her carbon monoxide alarm kept going off when she cooked. At first, she assumed the alarm was broken and installed a new one. Finally, she called the gas company. A utility worker says that levels of the poisonous gas were “off the charts high” and that she should get checked for carbon monoxide poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004682\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1207\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1020x769.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1536x1159.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign above the Standard Gas Light Co. promotes cooking with gas. \u003ccite>(Schenectady Museum Association/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nosrat was fine but says, “I really didn’t feel safe. I just always had this feeling of like, ‘Is my oven going to kill me?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her to switch from a gas to an electric range could have required expensive electrical upgrades and construction that would inconvenience her neighbors. So Nosrat opted for a new style of electric induction stove with a battery that doesn’t need a special outlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her installation, the \u003ca href=\"https://copperhome.com/\">California company Copper\u003c/a> measured pollutants in Nosrat’s home before and after. It found that both nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide levels dropped dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Nosrat still uses a gas stove in her studio for work, she says it’s a relief to know her home range is no longer sending fossil fuel pollutants into her living space. And she found another benefit to using an induction stove with a smooth cooktop: “Cleaning it rules — like, you just spray it down and wipe it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A California law to warn stove buyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another Californian has been learning about indoor air pollution from gas stoves, and as a state lawmaker, she sponsored legislation to warn other stove buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Gail Pellerin, a Democrat from Santa Cruz, says she knew to turn on the vent hood when using the cooktop, but she hadn’t thought about her gas oven. “So if I’ve got a lasagna in the oven, I have never put the vent on because you’re not seeing the smoke and everything,” Pellerin told NPR. “So I was emitting horrible gases into my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say nitrogen dioxide is the biggest concern. It’s a reddish-brown gas and is a key element of smog outdoors. It can irritate airways and may contribute to the development of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://apha.org/Policies-and-Advocacy/Public-Health-Policy-Statements/Policy-Database/2023/01/18/Gas-Stove-Emissions\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> has labeled gas cooking stoves “a public health concern,” and the \u003ca href=\"https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/gas%20stove?uri=%2FAMADoc%2Fdirectives.xml-D-135.964.xml\">American Medical Association\u003c/a> warns that cooking with gas increases the risk of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas stoves can also leak methane, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/27/1075874473/gas-stoves-climate-change-leak-methane\">even when they’re off\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/16/1181299405/gas-stoves-pollute-homes-with-benzene-which-is-linked-to-cancer\">stoves emit benzene\u003c/a>, which is linked to cancer. While stove manufacturers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1149736969/gas-stove-makers-have-a-pollution-solution-theyre-just-not-using-it\">developed cleaner and more efficient burners\u003c/a>, they aren’t widely available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas-lit flames burn on a natural gas stove. California’s Legislature passed a bill requiring health warning labels on new gas stoves. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">Pellerin’s legislation\u003c/a> becomes law, it will require a label on gas stoves for sale in stores and online that says, “Gas stoves can release nitrogen dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and other harmful pollutants into the air, which can be toxic to people and pets.” The label would also mention associated risks for breathing problems, suggest using a vent hood and say, “Young children, people with asthma, and people with heart or lung disease are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of combustion pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is just important for us to have transparency and inform consumers so they can make the decision that’s right for their family,” Pellerin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar bills were introduced in Illinois and New York, but unlike California’s version, lawmakers did not pass them out of the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign for warning labels is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\">larger climate effort\u003c/a> to get consumers to switch to electric appliances that don’t burn fossil fuels. Commercial and residential buildings account for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">13% of heat-trapping emissions\u003c/a>, mainly from the use of gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004686\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1536x862.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The natural gas production and supply system leaks the powerful greenhouse gas methane during drilling, fracking, processing and transport. \u003ccite>(Meredith Miotke/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) opposed California’s health warning legislation and suggested a different label that does not focus on fossil fuel combustion pollution. The trade group echoes gas industry arguments that smoke and fumes from cooking food are a bigger problem than pollution from burning gas and that two separate issues are being conflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want to talk about people’s health and indoor air quality, then let’s talk about that. If we want to talk about fossil fuel versus electrification, then we need to talk about that,” says Kevin Messner, AHAM’s executive vice president and chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messner says all pollution from stoves — electric or gas — requires proper ventilation to prevent pollution from accumulating in homes. With warning labels only on gas stoves, Messner argues that this sends the wrong message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you go to, let’s say, a retailer and you see a gas cooking product with a warning or information that says you should use ventilation. Then right next to it, you have an electric appliance or an induction [stove] that does not have that warning — this is common sense that you’re going to think, ‘I don’t need to use ventilation for the electric appliance,'” Messner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHAM says it’s disappointed California lawmakers passed the health warning label only for gas stoves. But that has energized activists, who hope they can get similar labels on gas stoves for sale nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A national campaign for gas stove health warnings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The use of gas stoves has become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/21/1150397853/gas-stoves-became-part-of-the-culture-war-in-less-than-a-week-heres-why\">flash point in the culture wars\u003c/a>. One of the groups pushing for health warning labels has turned to humor to spread its message. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gasleaks.org/\">Gas Leaks Project\u003c/a> released a parody trailer this year for a \u003ca href=\"https://hotandtoxic.com/\">reality show it calls \u003cem>Hot & Toxic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. The premise is an “unsuspecting homeowner” who loves her new gas stove but later learns it comes with some of “the hottest, most toxic housemates imaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each character represents a pollutant created from burning gas, including carbon monoxide, or “C.MO,” which echoes a line that reality show fans will recognize but with a twist. “I did not come here to make friends,” she says. “I came here to cause chest pain, nausea and vomiting.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AskIzThmK4U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AskIzThmK4U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A campaign associated with the parody encourages people to sign a petition to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), telling it to put warning labels on gas stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPSC was at the center of a 2023 culture war campaign led by conservatives, who falsely claimed the Biden administration wanted to take away Americans’ gas stoves. Rep. Ronny Jackson, R-Texas, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RonnyJacksonTX/status/1612839703018934274\">wrote on social media\u003c/a>, “I’ll NEVER give up my gas stove. If the maniacs in the White House come for my stove, they can pry it from my cold dead hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outrage was prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/us-safety-agency-to-consider-ban-on-gas-stoves-amid-health-fears?sref=h2AwP2mF\">a story\u003c/a> in which CPSC Commissioner Richard Trumka Jr. suggested that the CPSC might consider stricter regulations on new gas stoves in response to health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trumka and the CPSC did not respond to NPR’s requests for interviews. Even before that kerfuffle, the CPSC had launched a task force about gas stoves and indoor air quality. It included industry, environmental and consumer groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We met at least monthly for a year and a half,” AHAM’s Messner says, adding that participants leaned toward regulating cooking fumes instead of fossil fuel combustion pollution. “The enthusiasm for having CPSC’s task force trailed off by some who didn’t see it going in the direction where they wanted it to go, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Public Interest Research Group disputes that conclusion and says the staff member directing the group was reassigned. Still, U.S. PIRG has redirected its campaign and launched a new effort to get health warning labels on gas stoves sold in Washington, D.C., by suing one of the biggest stove manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Suing gas stove companies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/23/nx-s1-4975635/lawsuit-gas-stoves-air-pollution-nitrogen-dioxide-health-risks\">filed a lawsuit in May\u003c/a> against the Chinese company Haier, which owns GE Appliances. U.S. PIRG says the manufacturer violates the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws\">District of Columbia’s consumer protection law\u003c/a>, which “prohibits a wide variety of deceptive and unconscionable business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re saying that it’s a deceptive practice for GE Appliances to sell gas stoves in the District without warning consumers about the well-documented health risks associated with cooking with gas,” says Abe Scarr, U.S. PIRG’s energy and utilities program director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group isn’t asking for money, aside from paying U.S. PIRG’s attorney fees and costs. Instead, it wants the court to require GE Appliances to put health warning labels on gas stoves sold in the District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for GE Appliances says the company won’t comment on the litigation but says: “All our ranges and cooktops meet or exceed applicable safety standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1143\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1536x1097.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1992 analysis by Duke University and Environmental Protection Agency researchers found that children in a home with a gas stove have about a 20% increased risk of developing respiratory illness. A 2022 analysis showed that 12.7% of childhood asthma cases in the US can be attributed to the use of gas stoves in homes. \u003ccite>(Jeff Brady/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other gas stove manufacturers face \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/gas-stove-makers-fail-to-defeat-class-actions-over-emissions\">potential class action lawsuits\u003c/a> in California and Wisconsin that claim companies should disclose the risk of pollutants to consumers. Attorneys in Massachusetts have filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/eversource-faces-class-action-lawsuit-for-advertising-gas-use-as-safe-clean-81992643\">similar case\u003c/a> against the local gas utility Eversource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarr says the legal cases are needed because stove buyers aren’t getting the message that pollution from gas stoves can lead to health problems. His group \u003ca href=\"https://pirg.org/edfund/media-center/new-report-top-retailers-fail-to-warn-shoppers-about-health-risks-of-gas-stove-pollution/\">surveyed 62 Lowe’s, Home Depot and Best Buy locations in 11 states\u003c/a>. Secret shoppers were dispatched to ask about health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG found that most salespeople “flatly denied or expressed ignorance about the health risks of gas stoves” and that 15% of them “recommended gas stoves over electric ranges or induction cooktops, even when the secret shopper voiced concerns about pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe’s and Best Buy did not respond to NPR’s interview requests. A Home Depot spokesperson says, “Most customers choose a gas, electric or induction range based on which fuel their home is equipped for” and also says that the retailer sells range hoods and that a stove’s instruction manual “speaks to the importance of ventilation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Scarr’s group pursues its D.C. lawsuit, he says they plan to again pressure the CPSC to require health warning labels for the entire country, possibly as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-a-california-county-got-pfas-out-of-its-drinking-water",
"title": "How a California County Got PFAS Out of Its Drinking Water",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yorba Linda is a small, sunny city southeast of Los Angeles. It’s perhaps best known for being the birthplace of President Richard Nixon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the past few years, Yorba Linda has picked up another distinction: It’s home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ylwd.com/services/your-water/water-quality/pfas-water-treatment-plant/\">the nation’s largest\u003c/a> per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) water treatment plant of its kind, according to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This December will be [three] years we’ve been running, and we’re the largest PFAS treatment plant using resin,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ylwd.com/services/your-water/water-quality/pfas-water-treatment-plant/\">J. Wayne Miller\u003c/a>, former board president at the Yorba Linda Water District, for whom the plant is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country the Environmental Protection Agency estimates there are thousands of water systems, serving around 100 million people, that have harmful levels of PFAS in their drinking water. Under an EPA rule \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/10/1243775736/epa-pfas-forever-chemicals-drinking-water-limits\">finalized in April\u003c/a>, affected water districts will have to take action to clean their water supplies. In Orange County, Calif., the Yorba Linda treatment plant and others around it provide examples of how it can be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yorba Linda PFAS treatment plant took over a long, narrow strip of the water district’s parking lot, not quite the length of a football field. A series of giant tanks sit atop a concrete platform. “Honestly, they look like large propane cylinders,” says Todd Colvin, chief water system operator for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004573\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004573\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanks to remove PFAS from drinking water at the Yorba Linda Water District’s treatment plant have taken over a strip of the parking lot. \u003ccite>(Pien Huang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each tank looms about 10 feet tall and can hold around 4,500 gallons. There are 22 of them, arranged in a double row, painted pristine ivory white. The tanks are packed half-full with a kind of resin — special polymer beads — that pull PFAS out of the water. Every gallon of water pumped from the district’s wells now passes through a few of these tanks for treatment, before going to the homes and businesses of 80,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yorba Linda Water District built the largest PFAS water treatment plant of its kind because it had a big PFAS problem. In February 2020, the water district had to take all of its wells offline because they were drawing groundwater contaminated with PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS refers to a large class of man-made chemicals used to waterproof and stainproof manufactured products. Some PFAS chemicals have been linked with various health problems, such as weakened immune systems, high cholesterol and certain cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yorba Linda, all 10 of the district’s groundwater wells exceeded California’s recommended PFAS levels, which took effect in 2020 – 40 parts per trillion for PFOS and 10 parts per trillion for PFOA, two common PFAS chemicals. Water providers in the state that exceeded those limits \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/pfas.html\">had to stop using\u003c/a> contaminated water or notify the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those state limits, established four years before the EPA set national limits, put California’s cities ahead of the curve. “I thank my lucky stars we were on the front end of that,” says Mark Toy, general manager of the Yorba Linda Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filtration plants are expensive but cost less than imported water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next city over is Anaheim, home to Disneyland. A few miles from Space Mountain, a paved industrial lot houses the second-largest PFAS water treatment plant of its kind. “This would be a little bit larger than a basketball court,” says Mike Lyster, spokesman for the city, estimating the footprint of the 20 filtration tanks at this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyster says there was a brief time when Anaheim had the largest PFAS treatment plant. “Kudos to Yorba Linda,” he says, “We’re glad to see somebody else beat it because that means somebody else is addressing the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaheim is a larger city, and the public water utility there can provide water for upwards of 500,000 people a day. Back in 2020, when California’s PFAS rules came into effect, Anaheim took 14 of its 19 wells offline for excess PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If high levels of PFAS are found in drinking water, a water provider can switch to a source without the chemicals in it or filter them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, both Anaheim and Yorba Linda swapped mostly to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/\">water imported\u003c/a> from northern California and the Colorado River that met the state standards. But water from those sources can cost twice as much as local groundwater. Lyster says Anaheim’s water expenses went up by about $2 million a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11982531,forum_2010101894219,science_1983699\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Anaheim and Yorba Linda fast-tracked construction of those big filtration tanks, to get their wells back in action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new EPA PFAS standards are even stricter than California’s: \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-04/general-overview-webinar-presentation-final-pfas-ndpwr.pdf\">no more than 4 parts per trillion (PDF)\u003c/a> each for PFOA and PFOS, and additional limits for several other PFAS chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the EPA’s standards, Anaheim’s remaining wells are now considered contaminated. Lyster says the city will expand its PFAS treatment capacity to comply with the federal rule by 2029. All told, building PFAS filtration for all 19 of Anaheim’s wells is projected to cost $200 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaheim and Yorba Linda are part of the Orange County Water District — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/about/\">a public agency\u003c/a> that manages the region’s groundwater and which helped to design, fund and build the PFAS filtration plants. Across Orange County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/what-we-do/water-quality/pfas/\">more than 100 wells\u003c/a> have exceeded the EPA’s new standards. Fixing the problem in the county is expected to cost $1.8 billion dollars over 30 years, according to OCWD.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pollution from the past is still present\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But where is all this PFAS coming from? In Orange County, one of the primary culprits appears to be the Santa Ana River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost a hundred miles long, the Santa Ana River flows through mountains and canyons, the cities and suburbs of San Bernardino and Riverside. Along the way, it picks up PFAS. “We find it in some of just the natural runoff that goes into the river during the winter, during storms,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/jason-dadakis-executive-director-of-water-quality-technical-resources/\">Jason Dadakis\u003c/a>, executive director of water quality and technical resources at the Orange County Water District. ”We also detect some PFAS coming out of the sewage treatment plants upstream.” There’s also the legacy of factories and military bases in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004574\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PFAS is found in runoff that makes its way into the Santa Ana River during the winter, says Jason Dadakis, executive director for water quality and technical resources for the Orange County Water District. \u003ccite>(Mette Lampcov for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County — the Santa Ana River’s last stop before the Pacific Ocean — some of the river water gets diverted to ponds where it can seep into the ground and refill the groundwater, which may have contributed to the contamination, says Dadakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the PFAS problem in Orange County is currently confined to the northern and central parts of the groundwater basin, Dadakis says wells that aren’t contaminated today could be in the future, based on how water moves underground. “We know that we may have to be prepared to install additional treatment on those wells as they become impacted,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least Orange County has a head start on solutions. But with the size of the PFAS problem across the country, its claims on having the largest PFAS treatment plants of their kind in the nation could soon be eclipsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Yorba Linda treatment plant in Orange County is an example of how drinking water can be cleared of harmful chemicals called PFAs that the EPA estimates contaminates thousands of water systems.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/729920828/pien-huang\">Pien Huang\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yorba Linda is a small, sunny city southeast of Los Angeles. It’s perhaps best known for being the birthplace of President Richard Nixon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the past few years, Yorba Linda has picked up another distinction: It’s home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ylwd.com/services/your-water/water-quality/pfas-water-treatment-plant/\">the nation’s largest\u003c/a> per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) water treatment plant of its kind, according to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This December will be [three] years we’ve been running, and we’re the largest PFAS treatment plant using resin,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ylwd.com/services/your-water/water-quality/pfas-water-treatment-plant/\">J. Wayne Miller\u003c/a>, former board president at the Yorba Linda Water District, for whom the plant is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country the Environmental Protection Agency estimates there are thousands of water systems, serving around 100 million people, that have harmful levels of PFAS in their drinking water. Under an EPA rule \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/10/1243775736/epa-pfas-forever-chemicals-drinking-water-limits\">finalized in April\u003c/a>, affected water districts will have to take action to clean their water supplies. In Orange County, Calif., the Yorba Linda treatment plant and others around it provide examples of how it can be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yorba Linda PFAS treatment plant took over a long, narrow strip of the water district’s parking lot, not quite the length of a football field. A series of giant tanks sit atop a concrete platform. “Honestly, they look like large propane cylinders,” says Todd Colvin, chief water system operator for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004573\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004573\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanks to remove PFAS from drinking water at the Yorba Linda Water District’s treatment plant have taken over a strip of the parking lot. \u003ccite>(Pien Huang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each tank looms about 10 feet tall and can hold around 4,500 gallons. There are 22 of them, arranged in a double row, painted pristine ivory white. The tanks are packed half-full with a kind of resin — special polymer beads — that pull PFAS out of the water. Every gallon of water pumped from the district’s wells now passes through a few of these tanks for treatment, before going to the homes and businesses of 80,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yorba Linda Water District built the largest PFAS water treatment plant of its kind because it had a big PFAS problem. In February 2020, the water district had to take all of its wells offline because they were drawing groundwater contaminated with PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS refers to a large class of man-made chemicals used to waterproof and stainproof manufactured products. Some PFAS chemicals have been linked with various health problems, such as weakened immune systems, high cholesterol and certain cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yorba Linda, all 10 of the district’s groundwater wells exceeded California’s recommended PFAS levels, which took effect in 2020 – 40 parts per trillion for PFOS and 10 parts per trillion for PFOA, two common PFAS chemicals. Water providers in the state that exceeded those limits \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/pfas.html\">had to stop using\u003c/a> contaminated water or notify the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those state limits, established four years before the EPA set national limits, put California’s cities ahead of the curve. “I thank my lucky stars we were on the front end of that,” says Mark Toy, general manager of the Yorba Linda Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filtration plants are expensive but cost less than imported water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The next city over is Anaheim, home to Disneyland. A few miles from Space Mountain, a paved industrial lot houses the second-largest PFAS water treatment plant of its kind. “This would be a little bit larger than a basketball court,” says Mike Lyster, spokesman for the city, estimating the footprint of the 20 filtration tanks at this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyster says there was a brief time when Anaheim had the largest PFAS treatment plant. “Kudos to Yorba Linda,” he says, “We’re glad to see somebody else beat it because that means somebody else is addressing the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaheim is a larger city, and the public water utility there can provide water for upwards of 500,000 people a day. Back in 2020, when California’s PFAS rules came into effect, Anaheim took 14 of its 19 wells offline for excess PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If high levels of PFAS are found in drinking water, a water provider can switch to a source without the chemicals in it or filter them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, both Anaheim and Yorba Linda swapped mostly to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/\">water imported\u003c/a> from northern California and the Colorado River that met the state standards. But water from those sources can cost twice as much as local groundwater. Lyster says Anaheim’s water expenses went up by about $2 million a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Anaheim and Yorba Linda fast-tracked construction of those big filtration tanks, to get their wells back in action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new EPA PFAS standards are even stricter than California’s: \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-04/general-overview-webinar-presentation-final-pfas-ndpwr.pdf\">no more than 4 parts per trillion (PDF)\u003c/a> each for PFOA and PFOS, and additional limits for several other PFAS chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the EPA’s standards, Anaheim’s remaining wells are now considered contaminated. Lyster says the city will expand its PFAS treatment capacity to comply with the federal rule by 2029. All told, building PFAS filtration for all 19 of Anaheim’s wells is projected to cost $200 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaheim and Yorba Linda are part of the Orange County Water District — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/about/\">a public agency\u003c/a> that manages the region’s groundwater and which helped to design, fund and build the PFAS filtration plants. Across Orange County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/what-we-do/water-quality/pfas/\">more than 100 wells\u003c/a> have exceeded the EPA’s new standards. Fixing the problem in the county is expected to cost $1.8 billion dollars over 30 years, according to OCWD.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pollution from the past is still present\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But where is all this PFAS coming from? In Orange County, one of the primary culprits appears to be the Santa Ana River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost a hundred miles long, the Santa Ana River flows through mountains and canyons, the cities and suburbs of San Bernardino and Riverside. Along the way, it picks up PFAS. “We find it in some of just the natural runoff that goes into the river during the winter, during storms,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/jason-dadakis-executive-director-of-water-quality-technical-resources/\">Jason Dadakis\u003c/a>, executive director of water quality and technical resources at the Orange County Water District. ”We also detect some PFAS coming out of the sewage treatment plants upstream.” There’s also the legacy of factories and military bases in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004574\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PFAS is found in runoff that makes its way into the Santa Ana River during the winter, says Jason Dadakis, executive director for water quality and technical resources for the Orange County Water District. \u003ccite>(Mette Lampcov for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County — the Santa Ana River’s last stop before the Pacific Ocean — some of the river water gets diverted to ponds where it can seep into the ground and refill the groundwater, which may have contributed to the contamination, says Dadakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the PFAS problem in Orange County is currently confined to the northern and central parts of the groundwater basin, Dadakis says wells that aren’t contaminated today could be in the future, based on how water moves underground. “We know that we may have to be prepared to install additional treatment on those wells as they become impacted,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least Orange County has a head start on solutions. But with the size of the PFAS problem across the country, its claims on having the largest PFAS treatment plants of their kind in the nation could soon be eclipsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-nears-historic-conservation-goal-with-over-25-of-state-protected",
"title": "California Nears Historic Conservation Goal With Over 25% of State Protected",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years after state officials announced an ambitious plan to conserve 30% of California’s lands and coastal waters by 2030, the state is already close to reaching that goal, Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>’s office said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.californianature.ca.gov/\">30×30 initiative\u003c/a>, California has added nearly 1.5 million acres, or about 2,350 square miles, of conserved land, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/83b5c08cae8b47d3b7c623f2de1f0dcc\">dashboard from the California Natural Resources Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of June 2024, 25.2% of California’s lands and 16.2% of its coastal waters are already under long-term conservation and care — with six years until the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2020, I signed an executive order to conserve 30% of lands and 30% of coastal waters in California by 2030,” Newsom said in a video announcement. “And four years into this effort, we’re on track to achieve this target, with over a quarter of our lands protected. We won’t stop working to protect California’s unparalleled natural beauty for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond conservation, the initiative also aims to protect biodiversity, expand public access to nature and build statewide resilience to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative kicked off in 2022 \u003ca href=\"https://ago-item-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/8da9faef231c4e31b651ae6dff95254e/Final_Pathwaysto30x30_042022_508.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQCOLOlGhR9v60LQI2gDZvCLelD7ElwDRNcARxqEesHbrAIgaOX5FN7I45%2BgW5LXwpzYUlfZeSatA994i3BF1bGFjUUqtAUIIRAAGgw2MDQ3NTgxMDI2NjUiDFxtI8eoCHUUSPCuySqRBVJFD2SoDMsSumPUt9qotmVpvta73tSJX50lqYF4qVXlvrWp14UgkG2Fi7AuO9%2BKD%2FbvRsU2s%2FN2BgfRyO4%2FuWi4MVHbppS3gnu%2BLGl8RtyCwWHSQkjdRkM5roHQ%2BkhOcJ3RNzSi1UPZSnnfDtVRUbLojfc9Skf%2Bwa9kzixflO3Zwu%2BHsBZmkDhfuPyGDrrJXsb4gEPmHzkfEHQMmmP2agKdLZ5jbRiBWTTOBr4QYspYdJTS2f1ir%2FA%2BWFktn82oXudEsLUIrbSKZmOGYQ8FVNnR%2BUO1hGlKhjWaTkHRxl5mPXsObEnsROJT6l%2Fyl0qLuenyqliIBIdWpD3Uqv9L3B5YxHYd2CxzJ%2FFW9BKfQ3L8Bu%2FB7UOXeNG65UwyHZvxh8%2Bu9mhzIOqa8H60evFUxXiotq%2Bgs9VcV2yPDx6ULg95Edl1jahZDLG4X%2F6pNBGmcqfZYteE43ws5OhmrjZ%2BtHFlcWo7M2ZQOi7m6kZMwPArFI15az68GfJMEV7k6kHqrQn8mAe0Qx0LoabUUxQU1kaSH5myG1BblbPr4q1zg3Hd5mdVVcj%2FGvQN7cUBVbQ1573sjshhQzwlAIjUs6M8d1zzzBu4VG7R29nrjW1Fr1r1hPlEKIc0%2F8pZxca4L8IsEVVM9Hw94CCFT6IYDqF1mu8tV7nz%2BPLba1ttQkSpDXaq%2B1b5M9PiQQo7iFChDp8e5%2FOJ%2BzTClIKnPOzZ1OlCK3c2naWw%2Bud9aY2fima3NuvPfDC%2BvzJ0UCsfiJMhaB2g7jQbXbXjgg3qnUAaGDI0JSSL19qs4yJol9XtkD9RhyhhqcgmSA%2Fev9qY%2BuJWOoNXVeTPep5nSJPHbo1MPqtvOBRNWa%2FcW95TI6L9%2Bka6BsoiXDCKru62BjqxAQgb71%2BGCUuvcV5Xh5MV%2FR6J%2F%2B7WPE3iGRcOp4FaCsKj28KeXUgEA0WK678eKW7ECxULlZMLPzZoX21LDicmsGVkwCIMCtY88G1%2BuGZj3Hf7WeCJMi1OilkkbNViYh3xf%2FSShOo74Y3sUfdRhlObpTgT006kkNwEtuV0JnKUZcjVgi3ik8qIZ6un5dDneGtEAdnNvKCIIRdRSNj6T6ANyXWK3pzcDRnCd5OA5sbTxDUgKw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240907T014004Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAYZTTEKKE36ILQKXV%2F20240907%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=41636e7563ba5076febae07f5092c23a7504e8efa43dc6a14a2e3c5c24f7aa4b\">when officials released a detailed road map\u003c/a> for the plan. The state had 631,000 acres conserved between April of that year and May 2023 and has added 861,000 acres since then, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dillon Beach Ranch area, including the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, are within the ancestral homelands of the Coast Miwok, and their descendants are still present there today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the increase includes acres that are newly conserved, it also includes land where the state previously lacked data about levels of protection and management for biodiversity. Through “painstaking and ongoing work,” officials tracked down conserved and protected land across 52 counties to show that these areas meet California’s 30×30 definition, according to the progress report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the biggest recent gains were the expansion of two national monuments — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984763/biden-expands-2-national-monuments-in-california-significant-to-tribal-nations\">San Gabriel Mountains National Monument\u003c/a> in Southern California and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/107169/berryessa-snow-mountain-becomes-californias-newest-national-monument\">Bay Area’s Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Monument\u003c/a> — which enhanced protections for about 120,000 acres of federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12003399 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/DillonBeach1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also made progress toward the goal through its first-ever \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Initiatives/Tribalaffairs/Tribal-Nature-Based-Solutions-Program\">ancestral land return effort\u003c/a>, which provided $100 million in grant funding for the return of roughly 38,950 acres to Indigenous communities. Among the recent recipients were the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, who received funding to help reacquire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003399/lush-marin-county-coastal-land-returned-to-graton-rancheria\">466 acres of their lands\u003c/a> in the North Bay that were privately owned until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As community leaders globally look for ways to increase biodiversity conservation, California’s plan is paving the way for similar efforts at the national level, with states such as Nevada, South Carolina, Hawaii, Maine and New York now working toward their own 30×30 goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2021, the Biden administration issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/\">executive order\u003c/a> to tackle the climate crisis and committed the United States to 30×30 through its America the Beautiful initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California Secretary of Natural Resources Wade Crowfoot sat down with KQED to explain the state’s goal to transform more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992481/californias-plans-for-slowing-climate-change-through-nature-based-solutions\">half of its land acres\u003c/a> to sequester carbon and fight climate change. This effort will help reach the 30×30 goal, Crawfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those targets, known as nature-based solutions, include millions of acres that will be managed to reduce wildfire risk, protect water supplies and enhance biodiversity, among other outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While conservation activists have celebrated the gains as positive progress, some have responded to the state’s announcement with calls for even greater investment and action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/101\">Scientists worldwide agre\u003c/a>e that in order to avoid the worst impacts of climate change on people and help protect wildlife at risk of extinction, we must — at a minimum — protect 30% of our lands and coastal waters by 2030,” Juan Altamirano, director of government affairs at the Trust for Public Land, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is making progress towards 30×30, but there is much work remaining. Nearly five million acres of lands and coastal waters still must be conserved in less than six years. To meet this moment, we are calling for accelerated action, the designation of three national monuments, and the passage of Proposition 4 in November,” Altamirano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/2024/prop4-110524.pdf\">Proposition 4\u003c/a> would authorize a $10 billion bond to spend on environmental and climate projects, with the biggest chunk, $1.9 billion, for drinking water improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and renewable energy advocates have been clamoring for increased spending on climate change and the environment in recent years, particularly after Newsom and the Legislature approved a $54.3 billion spending package called the California Climate Commitment in 2022, only to scale it back to $44.6 billion this budget-plagued year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "California Nears Historic Conservation Goal With Over 25% of State Protected | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years after state officials announced an ambitious plan to conserve 30% of California’s lands and coastal waters by 2030, the state is already close to reaching that goal, Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>’s office said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.californianature.ca.gov/\">30×30 initiative\u003c/a>, California has added nearly 1.5 million acres, or about 2,350 square miles, of conserved land, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/83b5c08cae8b47d3b7c623f2de1f0dcc\">dashboard from the California Natural Resources Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of June 2024, 25.2% of California’s lands and 16.2% of its coastal waters are already under long-term conservation and care — with six years until the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2020, I signed an executive order to conserve 30% of lands and 30% of coastal waters in California by 2030,” Newsom said in a video announcement. “And four years into this effort, we’re on track to achieve this target, with over a quarter of our lands protected. We won’t stop working to protect California’s unparalleled natural beauty for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond conservation, the initiative also aims to protect biodiversity, expand public access to nature and build statewide resilience to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative kicked off in 2022 \u003ca href=\"https://ago-item-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/8da9faef231c4e31b651ae6dff95254e/Final_Pathwaysto30x30_042022_508.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQCOLOlGhR9v60LQI2gDZvCLelD7ElwDRNcARxqEesHbrAIgaOX5FN7I45%2BgW5LXwpzYUlfZeSatA994i3BF1bGFjUUqtAUIIRAAGgw2MDQ3NTgxMDI2NjUiDFxtI8eoCHUUSPCuySqRBVJFD2SoDMsSumPUt9qotmVpvta73tSJX50lqYF4qVXlvrWp14UgkG2Fi7AuO9%2BKD%2FbvRsU2s%2FN2BgfRyO4%2FuWi4MVHbppS3gnu%2BLGl8RtyCwWHSQkjdRkM5roHQ%2BkhOcJ3RNzSi1UPZSnnfDtVRUbLojfc9Skf%2Bwa9kzixflO3Zwu%2BHsBZmkDhfuPyGDrrJXsb4gEPmHzkfEHQMmmP2agKdLZ5jbRiBWTTOBr4QYspYdJTS2f1ir%2FA%2BWFktn82oXudEsLUIrbSKZmOGYQ8FVNnR%2BUO1hGlKhjWaTkHRxl5mPXsObEnsROJT6l%2Fyl0qLuenyqliIBIdWpD3Uqv9L3B5YxHYd2CxzJ%2FFW9BKfQ3L8Bu%2FB7UOXeNG65UwyHZvxh8%2Bu9mhzIOqa8H60evFUxXiotq%2Bgs9VcV2yPDx6ULg95Edl1jahZDLG4X%2F6pNBGmcqfZYteE43ws5OhmrjZ%2BtHFlcWo7M2ZQOi7m6kZMwPArFI15az68GfJMEV7k6kHqrQn8mAe0Qx0LoabUUxQU1kaSH5myG1BblbPr4q1zg3Hd5mdVVcj%2FGvQN7cUBVbQ1573sjshhQzwlAIjUs6M8d1zzzBu4VG7R29nrjW1Fr1r1hPlEKIc0%2F8pZxca4L8IsEVVM9Hw94CCFT6IYDqF1mu8tV7nz%2BPLba1ttQkSpDXaq%2B1b5M9PiQQo7iFChDp8e5%2FOJ%2BzTClIKnPOzZ1OlCK3c2naWw%2Bud9aY2fima3NuvPfDC%2BvzJ0UCsfiJMhaB2g7jQbXbXjgg3qnUAaGDI0JSSL19qs4yJol9XtkD9RhyhhqcgmSA%2Fev9qY%2BuJWOoNXVeTPep5nSJPHbo1MPqtvOBRNWa%2FcW95TI6L9%2Bka6BsoiXDCKru62BjqxAQgb71%2BGCUuvcV5Xh5MV%2FR6J%2F%2B7WPE3iGRcOp4FaCsKj28KeXUgEA0WK678eKW7ECxULlZMLPzZoX21LDicmsGVkwCIMCtY88G1%2BuGZj3Hf7WeCJMi1OilkkbNViYh3xf%2FSShOo74Y3sUfdRhlObpTgT006kkNwEtuV0JnKUZcjVgi3ik8qIZ6un5dDneGtEAdnNvKCIIRdRSNj6T6ANyXWK3pzcDRnCd5OA5sbTxDUgKw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240907T014004Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAYZTTEKKE36ILQKXV%2F20240907%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=41636e7563ba5076febae07f5092c23a7504e8efa43dc6a14a2e3c5c24f7aa4b\">when officials released a detailed road map\u003c/a> for the plan. The state had 631,000 acres conserved between April of that year and May 2023 and has added 861,000 acres since then, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dillon Beach Ranch area, including the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, are within the ancestral homelands of the Coast Miwok, and their descendants are still present there today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the increase includes acres that are newly conserved, it also includes land where the state previously lacked data about levels of protection and management for biodiversity. Through “painstaking and ongoing work,” officials tracked down conserved and protected land across 52 counties to show that these areas meet California’s 30×30 definition, according to the progress report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the biggest recent gains were the expansion of two national monuments — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984763/biden-expands-2-national-monuments-in-california-significant-to-tribal-nations\">San Gabriel Mountains National Monument\u003c/a> in Southern California and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/107169/berryessa-snow-mountain-becomes-californias-newest-national-monument\">Bay Area’s Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Monument\u003c/a> — which enhanced protections for about 120,000 acres of federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also made progress toward the goal through its first-ever \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Initiatives/Tribalaffairs/Tribal-Nature-Based-Solutions-Program\">ancestral land return effort\u003c/a>, which provided $100 million in grant funding for the return of roughly 38,950 acres to Indigenous communities. Among the recent recipients were the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, who received funding to help reacquire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003399/lush-marin-county-coastal-land-returned-to-graton-rancheria\">466 acres of their lands\u003c/a> in the North Bay that were privately owned until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As community leaders globally look for ways to increase biodiversity conservation, California’s plan is paving the way for similar efforts at the national level, with states such as Nevada, South Carolina, Hawaii, Maine and New York now working toward their own 30×30 goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2021, the Biden administration issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/\">executive order\u003c/a> to tackle the climate crisis and committed the United States to 30×30 through its America the Beautiful initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California Secretary of Natural Resources Wade Crowfoot sat down with KQED to explain the state’s goal to transform more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992481/californias-plans-for-slowing-climate-change-through-nature-based-solutions\">half of its land acres\u003c/a> to sequester carbon and fight climate change. This effort will help reach the 30×30 goal, Crawfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those targets, known as nature-based solutions, include millions of acres that will be managed to reduce wildfire risk, protect water supplies and enhance biodiversity, among other outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While conservation activists have celebrated the gains as positive progress, some have responded to the state’s announcement with calls for even greater investment and action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/101\">Scientists worldwide agre\u003c/a>e that in order to avoid the worst impacts of climate change on people and help protect wildlife at risk of extinction, we must — at a minimum — protect 30% of our lands and coastal waters by 2030,” Juan Altamirano, director of government affairs at the Trust for Public Land, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is making progress towards 30×30, but there is much work remaining. Nearly five million acres of lands and coastal waters still must be conserved in less than six years. To meet this moment, we are calling for accelerated action, the designation of three national monuments, and the passage of Proposition 4 in November,” Altamirano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/2024/prop4-110524.pdf\">Proposition 4\u003c/a> would authorize a $10 billion bond to spend on environmental and climate projects, with the biggest chunk, $1.9 billion, for drinking water improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and renewable energy advocates have been clamoring for increased spending on climate change and the environment in recent years, particularly after Newsom and the Legislature approved a $54.3 billion spending package called the California Climate Commitment in 2022, only to scale it back to $44.6 billion this budget-plagued year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Read in English. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>El siguiente mapa muestra los incendios forestales cuyos tamaños superan los 100 acres. Haga clic en cada incidente para encontrar información actualizada, incluso el porcentaje de contención. Acerque la vista de la pantalla para ver los perímetros de incidentes de mayor tamaño. Tenga en cuenta que los datos de ubicación y perímetro provienen de diferentes fuentes gubernamentales, por lo que las estimaciones de superficie quemada para esas dos capas pueden diferir según los distintos métodos de recaudación de información.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Haga clic en la pestaña en la esquina superior izquierda para ver los puntos de calor y las advertencias meteorológicas de incendios del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, incluidas las advertencias de bandera roja.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Si el mapa no aparece abajo, \u003ca href=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\">véalo aquí\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Mapa por Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fuentes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Las ubicaciones de los incendios forestales provienen de \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> y los perímetros de \u003ca href=\"https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/\">National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834530/vea-donde-estan-sucediendo-los-incendios-en-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following map shows current wildfires that are more than 100 acres in size. Click on each incident to find up-to-date information, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624317/wildfires-youve-got-questions-weve-got-answers\">containment percentage\u003c/a>. Zoom in to see perimeters of larger incidents. Note that location and perimeter data are from different government sources, so burn acreage estimates for those two layers may differ based on disparate reporting methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the layers tab in the top left corner to view hot spots and any current fire weather warnings from the National Weather Service, including red flag warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If the map does not display below, \u003ca href=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\">view it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Map by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"left\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Wildfire locations are sourced from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> and perimeters from the \u003ca href=\"https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/\">National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)\u003c/a>\u003c/i>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834530/vea-donde-estan-sucediendo-los-incendios-en-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following map shows current wildfires that are more than 100 acres in size. Click on each incident to find up-to-date information, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624317/wildfires-youve-got-questions-weve-got-answers\">containment percentage\u003c/a>. Zoom in to see perimeters of larger incidents. Note that location and perimeter data are from different government sources, so burn acreage estimates for those two layers may differ based on disparate reporting methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the layers tab in the top left corner to view hot spots and any current fire weather warnings from the National Weather Service, including red flag warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If the map does not display below, \u003ca href=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\">view it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=4d8ff3a854854531a22958572b4259a8\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Map by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"left\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 94%;\" align=\"left\">\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>Wildfire locations are sourced from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> and perimeters from the \u003ca href=\"https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/\">National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)\u003c/a>\u003c/i>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "californias-gray-wolf-population-thrives-but-livestock-attacks-surge",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is once again home to gray wolves, a federally and state-protected endangered species, with its known population growing to over 50 wolves this year, up from zero for the better part of a century. However, a new report shows that attacks by wolf packs on livestock at ranches and farms have increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=225536&inline\">latest numbers from California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> (CDFW) show several packs in the northern parts of the state with wolves in various stages of development. The largest known pack is in Tulare County, with 15 adult wolves, six juveniles, and seven pups. Wolves there are the farthest south they’ve yet to establish themselves in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDFW report shows another trend that’s causing some alarm: a growing number of wolf packs are creeping into places where vulnerable livestock are grazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Axel Hunnicut, California’s gray wolf coordinator, said the wolves now share the land with more livestock than they did when they were last seen here a hundred years ago. That angers some ranchers and farmers, losing calves multiple times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an easier meal for them,” Hunnicut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one recent attack on livestock involved a calf. One attack in Siskiyou County in May was against a llama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2W37YmncZo\">four recent wolf attacks killed livestock in Siskiyou and Lassen counties\u003c/a>, the latter of which was where the last gray wolf was spotted in California in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s predators, like the gray wolf and grizzly bear, were systematically extirpated during European colonization and subsequent attempts to conquer the West to make it safer for human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wolves living in California now are descendants of the famed wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park in Idaho in 1995. Their presence after a 70-year absence had a noticeable and profound impact on the local ecology, including cutting down the large deer population that had overgrazed the landscape due to the lack of predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As noted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q\">several viral videos\u003c/a>, deer began avoiding parts of Yellowstone where they were particularly vulnerable to being picked off by the wolves, allowing vegetation to regrow faster and trees to get bigger, bringing in beavers who ate the trees and built dams in waterways, which provided habitat for other species. This cascaded to other geological changes, including stabilizing river banks and creating lasting physical changes to the rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like humans before them, the gray wolves started moving west, with an adult male wolf in Oregon wearing a radio collar working his way into California in 2011. The first wolf pack was discovered four years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, northeastern California has had a continuous wolf pack presence, including some being \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1138931\">direct descendants \u003c/a>of the lone wolf who crossed into the state 13 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An adult gray wolf can get up to 90 pounds, or the size of a large dog. Their paw prints, however, would dwarf any dog’s paw, getting up to five to six inches long.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A killing dilemma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California has changed since the last time wolves and humans shared the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming back to natural wilderness,” Hunnicut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1920s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/california_res_pop-jan2018.pdf\">California’s population\u003c/a> passed 4 million people. Now, there are 39 million people in the state and, as Hunnicut points out, more than one million heads of non-avian livestock – or cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs – and wolves can travel up to 12 miles a day looking for their next meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that livestock is exactly where the wolves are,” Hunnicut said. “They’re in these rural, remote areas. To the average California citizen who might live in a more urban area, it is a novelty. It is exciting. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time, Hunnicut notes that workers in California’s agricultural sector face new challenges in the landscape in which they live and work every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDFW is responding to the wolf attacks on cattle by having discussions with boards of supervisors in places like Sierra and Plumas counties about what can be done to protect cattle while also respecting space for wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one option is entirely off the table: California doesn’t allow people to kill wolves, no matter how much livestock they kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re a state and federally endangered species, so they have full rights and protection,” Hunnicut said, adding that there’s a need for strategies to deter wolves from hunting livestock. “Hopefully, we can find the tools and technology and the conversations to have with people to allow for native predators and people in the agricultural sector to flourish and be successful in their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents don’t have to worry about wolves snagging their livestock or even a pet. Hunnicut said the wolves living closest to the Bay Area are just north of the Tahoe Basin, but people shouldn’t seek them out.[aside postID=\"news_11958094,news_11757248,news_11862584\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should someone encounter a gray wolf in the wild and – in the extremely rare scenario the wolf actually engages – humans should try to look as big as possible and scare the wolf off. Should a wolf attack, humans should fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the only wolf attacks on record since they’ve returned to California are to livestock, an issue that many say needs a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all natural resources, there’s always a contest, there’s always an issue, sometimes with our agricultural needs or social needs, or even our religious and personal beliefs versus native species and natural resources,” Hunnicut said. “But one thing is definitely there: there is a space for both. The issue is trying to figure out how that works because wolves do come at a cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: The story has been updated to correct the number of non avian head of livestock currently in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California is once again home to a growing population of gray wolves, an endangered species. But a new report shows an uptick in frequency of wolf packs attacking vulnerable livestock on ranches and farms.",
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"title": "California's Gray Wolf Population Thrives, But Livestock Attacks Surge | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is once again home to gray wolves, a federally and state-protected endangered species, with its known population growing to over 50 wolves this year, up from zero for the better part of a century. However, a new report shows that attacks by wolf packs on livestock at ranches and farms have increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=225536&inline\">latest numbers from California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> (CDFW) show several packs in the northern parts of the state with wolves in various stages of development. The largest known pack is in Tulare County, with 15 adult wolves, six juveniles, and seven pups. Wolves there are the farthest south they’ve yet to establish themselves in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDFW report shows another trend that’s causing some alarm: a growing number of wolf packs are creeping into places where vulnerable livestock are grazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Axel Hunnicut, California’s gray wolf coordinator, said the wolves now share the land with more livestock than they did when they were last seen here a hundred years ago. That angers some ranchers and farmers, losing calves multiple times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an easier meal for them,” Hunnicut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one recent attack on livestock involved a calf. One attack in Siskiyou County in May was against a llama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2W37YmncZo\">four recent wolf attacks killed livestock in Siskiyou and Lassen counties\u003c/a>, the latter of which was where the last gray wolf was spotted in California in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s predators, like the gray wolf and grizzly bear, were systematically extirpated during European colonization and subsequent attempts to conquer the West to make it safer for human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wolves living in California now are descendants of the famed wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park in Idaho in 1995. Their presence after a 70-year absence had a noticeable and profound impact on the local ecology, including cutting down the large deer population that had overgrazed the landscape due to the lack of predators.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ysa5OBhXz-Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ysa5OBhXz-Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As noted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q\">several viral videos\u003c/a>, deer began avoiding parts of Yellowstone where they were particularly vulnerable to being picked off by the wolves, allowing vegetation to regrow faster and trees to get bigger, bringing in beavers who ate the trees and built dams in waterways, which provided habitat for other species. This cascaded to other geological changes, including stabilizing river banks and creating lasting physical changes to the rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like humans before them, the gray wolves started moving west, with an adult male wolf in Oregon wearing a radio collar working his way into California in 2011. The first wolf pack was discovered four years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, northeastern California has had a continuous wolf pack presence, including some being \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1138931\">direct descendants \u003c/a>of the lone wolf who crossed into the state 13 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An adult gray wolf can get up to 90 pounds, or the size of a large dog. Their paw prints, however, would dwarf any dog’s paw, getting up to five to six inches long.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A killing dilemma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California has changed since the last time wolves and humans shared the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming back to natural wilderness,” Hunnicut said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1920s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/california_res_pop-jan2018.pdf\">California’s population\u003c/a> passed 4 million people. Now, there are 39 million people in the state and, as Hunnicut points out, more than one million heads of non-avian livestock – or cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs – and wolves can travel up to 12 miles a day looking for their next meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that livestock is exactly where the wolves are,” Hunnicut said. “They’re in these rural, remote areas. To the average California citizen who might live in a more urban area, it is a novelty. It is exciting. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time, Hunnicut notes that workers in California’s agricultural sector face new challenges in the landscape in which they live and work every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDFW is responding to the wolf attacks on cattle by having discussions with boards of supervisors in places like Sierra and Plumas counties about what can be done to protect cattle while also respecting space for wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one option is entirely off the table: California doesn’t allow people to kill wolves, no matter how much livestock they kill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re a state and federally endangered species, so they have full rights and protection,” Hunnicut said, adding that there’s a need for strategies to deter wolves from hunting livestock. “Hopefully, we can find the tools and technology and the conversations to have with people to allow for native predators and people in the agricultural sector to flourish and be successful in their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents don’t have to worry about wolves snagging their livestock or even a pet. Hunnicut said the wolves living closest to the Bay Area are just north of the Tahoe Basin, but people shouldn’t seek them out.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should someone encounter a gray wolf in the wild and – in the extremely rare scenario the wolf actually engages – humans should try to look as big as possible and scare the wolf off. Should a wolf attack, humans should fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the only wolf attacks on record since they’ve returned to California are to livestock, an issue that many say needs a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all natural resources, there’s always a contest, there’s always an issue, sometimes with our agricultural needs or social needs, or even our religious and personal beliefs versus native species and natural resources,” Hunnicut said. “But one thing is definitely there: there is a space for both. The issue is trying to figure out how that works because wolves do come at a cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: The story has been updated to correct the number of non avian head of livestock currently in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "lush-marin-county-coastal-land-returned-to-graton-rancheria",
"title": "Lush Marin County Coastal Land Returned to Graton Rancheria",
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"headTitle": "Lush Marin County Coastal Land Returned to Graton Rancheria | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria have regained stewardship over coastal land in Marin County as part of one of the North Bay’s largest-ever “Land Back” deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Rivers Conservancy, an organization that buys and protects land, transferred ownership of the 466-acre Dillon Beach Ranch, which is within the tribe’s Indigenous lands, back to Graton Rancheria “for permanent conservation and stewardship,” according to a joint statement with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Land Back effort is part of a growing movement across California to return land to the indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded in the state, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin\">purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio\u003c/a>, once Coast Miwok territory. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980053/northern-california-tribe-to-get-back-125-acres-of-ancestral-land-stolen-during-gold-rush\">announced\u003c/a> in March that the Yurok Tribe, which had 90% of its territory taken from it during the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s, will regain ownership of 125 acres in Humboldt County in 2026. In August, the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria reclaimed almost 70 acres within the Rohnert Park city limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located about 40 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge, the ecologically rich chunk of land returned this month to the tribe includes 1.5 miles along the remote and winding \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Estero-de-San-Antonio\">Estero de San Antonio\u003c/a> and 1.5 miles of Pacific coastline between the estuary and the town of Dillon Beach. The ranch is mostly a lush, green coastal terrace surrounded by steep bluffs leading down to the estuary and ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ranch includes the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, a remote tidal estuary feeding into the Pacific, and surrounding grassy terraces that provide vital habitat for a host of native fish, animal and plant species. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that something has been actually given back that allows us to preserve a landscape that has been so important to us historically,” Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria Tribal Chairman Greg Sarris said. “There are many sacred and culturally significant sites, particularly around the Estero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has just been a remarkable, remarkable opportunity for us to continue the work on the land that we inherited from our ancestors. And we’re truly grateful for those who’ve worked with us to make this happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land is a habitat of fish, birds, insects, plants and animals. Peter Colby, the California program director of Western Rivers Conservancy, named the federally listed northern tidewater goby, an endangered medium-sized butterfly known as Myrtle’s silverspot and the California red-legged frog as just a few of the species that make the Dillon Ranch’s sandbars and headlands their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esteros are particularly rich habitats because of the mixing of salt and freshwater,” Colby said. “All of those aspects of this property make it important for the state’s conservation goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003409\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1575\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map.jpg 1575w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-1536x1170.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1575px) 100vw, 1575px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of Dillon Beach Ranch and the surrounding areas of Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The property was operated for decades as a private cattle ranch until it was purchased in 1999 by Saint Antony Monastery. Western Rivers Conservancy bought it from the monastery in December 2023, using an investment from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The conservancy then worked with Graton Rancheria to secure additional funding from the Fish and Wildlife Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graton Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe composed of the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo, tribes with aboriginal roots in Sonoma and Marin counties. Graton Rancheria owns and operates Graton Resort and Casino, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/117163/controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today\">the Bay Area’s largest hotel-gambling resort\u003c/a>, on its sovereign land just outside Rohnert Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe comanages \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> with the National Parks Service, which is considered a first-of-its-kind partnership, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11923441/wolves-bears-and-jaguars-the-lost-animals-of-the-bay-area\">Tolay Lake Regional Park in Sonoma County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dillon Beach Ranch area, including the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, is within the ancestral homelands of the Coast Miwok, and their descendants are still present there today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sarris pointed out that this particular land transfer is the first time that the tribe has been granted its own durable management plan that will “forever protect Dillon Beach and the Estero de San Antonio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that this becomes a model for what can be done and what should be done for the other tribes along the coast and elsewhere in California and throughout the country,” Sarris said. “Increasingly, with the climate disaster, people are turning to us to work to restore landscapes. And each piece becomes a healthy cell in the body of this country where land is preserved, taken care of and restored. And we must do it bit by bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11956856 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67156_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Rivers Conservancy purchases land along fragile rivers and streams throughout the West to conserve habitat for wildlife, protect sources of fresh water and ensure public access. The organization boasts that it has secured protection along 250 rivers and streams and has protected more than 440 river miles and 220,000 acres of land in nine states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy’s goal is to transfer lands to long-term stewards such as the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and state parks, as well as tribal nations such as Graton Rancheria. The conservancy has been an active partner in the Land Back movement, a decentralized, global campaign that seeks to make amends and restore Indigenous sovereignty — both political and economic — to ancestral tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are numerous tribes in California, in particular, that have no land and are looking to get back their land,” Colby said. “The tribes that do have some land are anxious to reacquire their ancestral land and to be able to hold them for conservation purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “Every time the people of California and the tribal members of California see a deal like this go down, they understand the potential that’s out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/gilarezada\">Gilare Zada\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The “Land Back” effort is part of a growing movement in California to return land to the Indigenous people. At least a dozen endeavors have already succeeded.",
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"title": "Lush Marin County Coastal Land Returned to Graton Rancheria | KQED",
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"headline": "Lush Marin County Coastal Land Returned to Graton Rancheria",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria have regained stewardship over coastal land in Marin County as part of one of the North Bay’s largest-ever “Land Back” deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Rivers Conservancy, an organization that buys and protects land, transferred ownership of the 466-acre Dillon Beach Ranch, which is within the tribe’s Indigenous lands, back to Graton Rancheria “for permanent conservation and stewardship,” according to a joint statement with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Land Back effort is part of a growing movement across California to return land to the indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded in the state, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin\">purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio\u003c/a>, once Coast Miwok territory. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980053/northern-california-tribe-to-get-back-125-acres-of-ancestral-land-stolen-during-gold-rush\">announced\u003c/a> in March that the Yurok Tribe, which had 90% of its territory taken from it during the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s, will regain ownership of 125 acres in Humboldt County in 2026. In August, the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria reclaimed almost 70 acres within the Rohnert Park city limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located about 40 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge, the ecologically rich chunk of land returned this month to the tribe includes 1.5 miles along the remote and winding \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Estero-de-San-Antonio\">Estero de San Antonio\u003c/a> and 1.5 miles of Pacific coastline between the estuary and the town of Dillon Beach. The ranch is mostly a lush, green coastal terrace surrounded by steep bluffs leading down to the estuary and ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ranch includes the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, a remote tidal estuary feeding into the Pacific, and surrounding grassy terraces that provide vital habitat for a host of native fish, animal and plant species. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that something has been actually given back that allows us to preserve a landscape that has been so important to us historically,” Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria Tribal Chairman Greg Sarris said. “There are many sacred and culturally significant sites, particularly around the Estero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has just been a remarkable, remarkable opportunity for us to continue the work on the land that we inherited from our ancestors. And we’re truly grateful for those who’ve worked with us to make this happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land is a habitat of fish, birds, insects, plants and animals. Peter Colby, the California program director of Western Rivers Conservancy, named the federally listed northern tidewater goby, an endangered medium-sized butterfly known as Myrtle’s silverspot and the California red-legged frog as just a few of the species that make the Dillon Ranch’s sandbars and headlands their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esteros are particularly rich habitats because of the mixing of salt and freshwater,” Colby said. “All of those aspects of this property make it important for the state’s conservation goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003409\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1575\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map.jpg 1575w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/dillon-beach-ranch-web-map-1536x1170.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1575px) 100vw, 1575px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of Dillon Beach Ranch and the surrounding areas of Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The property was operated for decades as a private cattle ranch until it was purchased in 1999 by Saint Antony Monastery. Western Rivers Conservancy bought it from the monastery in December 2023, using an investment from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The conservancy then worked with Graton Rancheria to secure additional funding from the Fish and Wildlife Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graton Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe composed of the Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo, tribes with aboriginal roots in Sonoma and Marin counties. Graton Rancheria owns and operates Graton Resort and Casino, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/117163/controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today\">the Bay Area’s largest hotel-gambling resort\u003c/a>, on its sovereign land just outside Rohnert Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe comanages \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> with the National Parks Service, which is considered a first-of-its-kind partnership, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11923441/wolves-bears-and-jaguars-the-lost-animals-of-the-bay-area\">Tolay Lake Regional Park in Sonoma County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12003410\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/Estero-de-San-Antonio-2_David-Dines-Western-Rivers-Conservancy-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dillon Beach Ranch area, including the 1.5-mile Estero de San Antonio, is within the ancestral homelands of the Coast Miwok, and their descendants are still present there today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Dines/Western Rivers Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sarris pointed out that this particular land transfer is the first time that the tribe has been granted its own durable management plan that will “forever protect Dillon Beach and the Estero de San Antonio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that this becomes a model for what can be done and what should be done for the other tribes along the coast and elsewhere in California and throughout the country,” Sarris said. “Increasingly, with the climate disaster, people are turning to us to work to restore landscapes. And each piece becomes a healthy cell in the body of this country where land is preserved, taken care of and restored. And we must do it bit by bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Rivers Conservancy purchases land along fragile rivers and streams throughout the West to conserve habitat for wildlife, protect sources of fresh water and ensure public access. The organization boasts that it has secured protection along 250 rivers and streams and has protected more than 440 river miles and 220,000 acres of land in nine states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy’s goal is to transfer lands to long-term stewards such as the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and state parks, as well as tribal nations such as Graton Rancheria. The conservancy has been an active partner in the Land Back movement, a decentralized, global campaign that seeks to make amends and restore Indigenous sovereignty — both political and economic — to ancestral tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are numerous tribes in California, in particular, that have no land and are looking to get back their land,” Colby said. “The tribes that do have some land are anxious to reacquire their ancestral land and to be able to hold them for conservation purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “Every time the people of California and the tribal members of California see a deal like this go down, they understand the potential that’s out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/gilarezada\">Gilare Zada\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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