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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/home.php\" target=\"_blank\">lifted his emergency drought declaration\u003c/a> for all of California except four counties: Fresno, Kings, Tulare and Tuolumne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These counties tend to rely on groundwater, which takes longer to recharge after a drought than surface water. But that's not really what keeping the emergency declaration in place is about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about the number of communities that have been grappling with severe water shortages,” says Max Gomberg, climate and conservation manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says communities and water systems in these four counties were among the hardest-hit by the drought, and when wells went dry and people were left without water, the emergency declaration made possible state funding for relief efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare County’s deputy administrator, Eric Coyne, says that funding has been crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We couldn't do it without the state,” he says. Since the emergency was announced in 2014, Coyne says, Tulare County has received more than $170 million in state and federal funds for\u003ca href=\"http://tularecounty.ca.gov/emergencies/index.cfm/drought/\" target=\"_blank\"> ongoing relief projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are short-term measures like mobile showers, water tanks placed in people’s front yards and well deepening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"AMwUlMJk0FI3ApaxGsPR4GonYKxexiL3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are permanent fixes. In the case of East Porterville, where around 1,800 home wells went dry or were contaminated, according to Coyne, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/porterville.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">there’s a major project underway to connect these homes to the city water system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure we see those projects through to reduce vulnerability to future droughts,\" Gomberg says, \"and we can’t complete these projects without having a continued declaration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the emergency declaration will stay in place until the projects are done, Gomberg says. He expects that will take another year or two.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/home.php\" target=\"_blank\">lifted his emergency drought declaration\u003c/a> for all of California except four counties: Fresno, Kings, Tulare and Tuolumne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These counties tend to rely on groundwater, which takes longer to recharge after a drought than surface water. But that's not really what keeping the emergency declaration in place is about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about the number of communities that have been grappling with severe water shortages,” says Max Gomberg, climate and conservation manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says communities and water systems in these four counties were among the hardest-hit by the drought, and when wells went dry and people were left without water, the emergency declaration made possible state funding for relief efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare County’s deputy administrator, Eric Coyne, says that funding has been crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We couldn't do it without the state,” he says. Since the emergency was announced in 2014, Coyne says, Tulare County has received more than $170 million in state and federal funds for\u003ca href=\"http://tularecounty.ca.gov/emergencies/index.cfm/drought/\" target=\"_blank\"> ongoing relief projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are short-term measures like mobile showers, water tanks placed in people’s front yards and well deepening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are permanent fixes. In the case of East Porterville, where around 1,800 home wells went dry or were contaminated, according to Coyne, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/porterville.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">there’s a major project underway to connect these homes to the city water system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure we see those projects through to reduce vulnerability to future droughts,\" Gomberg says, \"and we can’t complete these projects without having a continued declaration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the emergency declaration will stay in place until the projects are done, Gomberg says. He expects that will take another year or two.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Open Film Vault of American Nuclear Tests",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/\">Lawrence Livermore Laboratory\u003c/a> is restoring and preserving the most complete collection of films from America's role in the era of above-ground nuclear testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx\">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty\u003c/a> finally ended above-ground nuclear testing in 1963, the federal government routinely satisfied the curiosity of military planners with tests like Operation Wigwam -- an underwater explosion that happened 500 miles off the coast of San Diego on May 14, 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a previously declassified film, the shock wave from the underwater blast hit the Southern California coast about 10 minutes after the initial blast. A few minutes later, a Greek freighter just off the Golden Gate radioed the U.S. Coast Guard to ask if San Francisco had been hit by a severe earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWpqGKUG5yY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Spriggs is a nuclear physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. As a boy, Spriggs saw one of the last American above-ground nuclear tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a young man and my dad was stationed on Midway Island as part of the Navy,” he said. “And they did one of these over Johnston Island in 1962. It was called Starfish Prime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that test, military planners wanted to know if a nuclear weapon detonated in the upper atmosphere could knock out one of our ICBMs, or stop one coming from the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was done at 10 o’clock at night and it lit the sky up like it was noon,” Spriggs said. “It took about 10 to 15 minutes to get all the colors back to being pitch black again. It was like an artificial aurora borealis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYbNlgQyz84\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later the U.S. signed a treaty with the Soviet Union and other nuclear nations, banning above-ground nuclear tests. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/fallout/RF-GWT_home.htm\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>, anyone living in the contiguous United States since 1951 has had at least minute exposure to fallout from this era. Tiny amounts of radioactive fallout remain around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are awesome weapons,\" Spriggs said. \"They can do a lot of damage. It scares me a lot. And I’m hoping we will never ever have to use a nuclear weapon ever again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last five years, Spriggs has supervised a project to restore and declassify all of the films from the 210 above-ground nuclear tests the U.S. conducted from 1945 until they were banned in 1963. He found that some films were in terrible shape, including a few from the earliest tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"LhtM7kHxHWV7sqwux2j0tLg30CNrA6LZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some early Trinity films, which are of course very important to history,” he said. “And those had turned to powder basically. And they are now useless to history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project isn’t just about preserving the historical record. For nuclear scientists, these films are the only scientific record of what happens when you detonate a nuclear weapon on the face of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These films contain a plethora of data that are very fundamental to nuclear weapon effects,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11405450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11405450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Operation Wigwam tested a nuclear weapon fired underwater, 500 miles off the coast of San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Operation Wigwam tested a nuclear weapon fired underwater, 500 miles off the coast of San Diego. \u003ccite>(NuclearWeaponArchive.org)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spriggs originally became interested in the films when he was asked to work on some software. Computer models are now used to calculate the destructive capability of America’s aging nuclear weapons stockpile. He wanted to recheck the accuracy of the original data. The only way to do that was to look at film of the explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each test often had 50 cameras recording the event. Some films of Wigwam, Starfish Prime and other tests have been in the public domain for years. Livermore’s effort is expected to be the most comprehensive effort to preserve and declassify what the U.S. did during that era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These films were classified,\" Spriggs said. \"They're not classified now, so every American has the right to see them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has located about 6,500 of the estimated 10,000 films that were shot. The first batch of new footage declassified under the project was released on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvGO_dWo8VfcmG166wKRy5z-GlJ_OQND5\">YouTube\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/steve-walsh/\">Steve Walsh\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/\">Lawrence Livermore Laboratory\u003c/a> is restoring and preserving the most complete collection of films from America's role in the era of above-ground nuclear testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx\">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty\u003c/a> finally ended above-ground nuclear testing in 1963, the federal government routinely satisfied the curiosity of military planners with tests like Operation Wigwam -- an underwater explosion that happened 500 miles off the coast of San Diego on May 14, 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a previously declassified film, the shock wave from the underwater blast hit the Southern California coast about 10 minutes after the initial blast. A few minutes later, a Greek freighter just off the Golden Gate radioed the U.S. Coast Guard to ask if San Francisco had been hit by a severe earthquake.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pWpqGKUG5yY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pWpqGKUG5yY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Greg Spriggs is a nuclear physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. As a boy, Spriggs saw one of the last American above-ground nuclear tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a young man and my dad was stationed on Midway Island as part of the Navy,” he said. “And they did one of these over Johnston Island in 1962. It was called Starfish Prime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that test, military planners wanted to know if a nuclear weapon detonated in the upper atmosphere could knock out one of our ICBMs, or stop one coming from the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was done at 10 o’clock at night and it lit the sky up like it was noon,” Spriggs said. “It took about 10 to 15 minutes to get all the colors back to being pitch black again. It was like an artificial aurora borealis.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/uYbNlgQyz84'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/uYbNlgQyz84'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A year later the U.S. signed a treaty with the Soviet Union and other nuclear nations, banning above-ground nuclear tests. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/fallout/RF-GWT_home.htm\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>, anyone living in the contiguous United States since 1951 has had at least minute exposure to fallout from this era. Tiny amounts of radioactive fallout remain around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are awesome weapons,\" Spriggs said. \"They can do a lot of damage. It scares me a lot. And I’m hoping we will never ever have to use a nuclear weapon ever again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last five years, Spriggs has supervised a project to restore and declassify all of the films from the 210 above-ground nuclear tests the U.S. conducted from 1945 until they were banned in 1963. He found that some films were in terrible shape, including a few from the earliest tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some early Trinity films, which are of course very important to history,” he said. “And those had turned to powder basically. And they are now useless to history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project isn’t just about preserving the historical record. For nuclear scientists, these films are the only scientific record of what happens when you detonate a nuclear weapon on the face of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These films contain a plethora of data that are very fundamental to nuclear weapon effects,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11405450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11405450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Operation Wigwam tested a nuclear weapon fired underwater, 500 miles off the coast of San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/OpWigWam-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Operation Wigwam tested a nuclear weapon fired underwater, 500 miles off the coast of San Diego. \u003ccite>(NuclearWeaponArchive.org)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spriggs originally became interested in the films when he was asked to work on some software. Computer models are now used to calculate the destructive capability of America’s aging nuclear weapons stockpile. He wanted to recheck the accuracy of the original data. The only way to do that was to look at film of the explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each test often had 50 cameras recording the event. Some films of Wigwam, Starfish Prime and other tests have been in the public domain for years. Livermore’s effort is expected to be the most comprehensive effort to preserve and declassify what the U.S. did during that era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These films were classified,\" Spriggs said. \"They're not classified now, so every American has the right to see them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has located about 6,500 of the estimated 10,000 films that were shot. The first batch of new footage declassified under the project was released on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvGO_dWo8VfcmG166wKRy5z-GlJ_OQND5\">YouTube\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the first time in years, Orange County will spray pesticide in wetlands areas to kill off mosquito larvae that could be carrying diseases harmful to humans, like West Nile virus. This year’s heavy rains in Southern California brought a bumper crop of our most-hated insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocvector.org/\">Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District\u003c/a>, lab technician Sokanary Sun uses tweezers to fill a vial with dead mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here’s one pool of 50,” Sun said as she dropped the last of a heap of tiny corpses into the vial. The mosquitoes were caught in a trap at a Brea cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We test them for all three viruses, which include West Nile Virus, western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”zWlbaHqJRIpFX6FqxDeCeDXHxPMQEGjH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those last two viruses are pretty rare in SoCal, but Orange County has seen an increase in West Nile virus. Nineteen people have died since 2014 after being infected with the virus, according to Mary-Joy Cuburn, a spokeswoman for the vector control district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 442 cases of West Nile virus were detected in humans throughout California — and 151 of them in Los Angeles, according to the state Department of Health. The Zika virus, which can cause birth defects, has also been found here in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The OC vector control district is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocvector.org/documents/news/PR_OCMVCD_Helicopter_4-10-17.pdf\">spraying five marshy areas\u003c/a> in the hills around Orange after staff collected more than twice as many mosquitoes in March than the average during that month for the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parts of Southern California are also gearing up for a buggy spring and summer, though nearby districts said they haven’t yet seen a major uptick in the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy Sun, a spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.glacvcd.org/\">Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District\u003c/a>, said staff is focused on spraying in backyards and other urban settings where standing water creates “a ticking timebomb of mosquitoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Genkel, manager of Ventura County’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.vcrma.org/envhealth/technical-services/vector/index.html\">vector control program\u003c/a>, said the first field crews were hired this week to seek out and spray sources of mosquito larvae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely heavily on public complaints” to identify mosquito larvae sources, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can you protect yourself? Officials recommend wearing mosquito repellent when outdoors, maintaining screens on doors and windows, and getting rid of standing water near your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dottie Ellis, program chief of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivcoeh.org/Programs/vector\">Riverside County Vector Control Program\u003c/a>, recommended that people scrub old tires and toys left outside before dumping them. The mosquitoes that carry Zika lay their eggs on surfaces like those.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in years, Orange County will spray pesticide in wetlands areas to kill off mosquito larvae that could be carrying diseases harmful to humans, like West Nile virus. This year’s heavy rains in Southern California brought a bumper crop of our most-hated insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocvector.org/\">Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District\u003c/a>, lab technician Sokanary Sun uses tweezers to fill a vial with dead mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here’s one pool of 50,” Sun said as she dropped the last of a heap of tiny corpses into the vial. The mosquitoes were caught in a trap at a Brea cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We test them for all three viruses, which include West Nile Virus, western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those last two viruses are pretty rare in SoCal, but Orange County has seen an increase in West Nile virus. Nineteen people have died since 2014 after being infected with the virus, according to Mary-Joy Cuburn, a spokeswoman for the vector control district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 442 cases of West Nile virus were detected in humans throughout California — and 151 of them in Los Angeles, according to the state Department of Health. The Zika virus, which can cause birth defects, has also been found here in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The OC vector control district is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocvector.org/documents/news/PR_OCMVCD_Helicopter_4-10-17.pdf\">spraying five marshy areas\u003c/a> in the hills around Orange after staff collected more than twice as many mosquitoes in March than the average during that month for the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parts of Southern California are also gearing up for a buggy spring and summer, though nearby districts said they haven’t yet seen a major uptick in the mosquito population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy Sun, a spokesperson for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.glacvcd.org/\">Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District\u003c/a>, said staff is focused on spraying in backyards and other urban settings where standing water creates “a ticking timebomb of mosquitoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Genkel, manager of Ventura County’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.vcrma.org/envhealth/technical-services/vector/index.html\">vector control program\u003c/a>, said the first field crews were hired this week to seek out and spray sources of mosquito larvae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely heavily on public complaints” to identify mosquito larvae sources, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can you protect yourself? Officials recommend wearing mosquito repellent when outdoors, maintaining screens on doors and windows, and getting rid of standing water near your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dottie Ellis, program chief of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivcoeh.org/Programs/vector\">Riverside County Vector Control Program\u003c/a>, recommended that people scrub old tires and toys left outside before dumping them. The mosquitoes that carry Zika lay their eggs on surfaces like those.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Probe Criticizes Management Style of Former Head of Yosemite",
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"content": "\u003cp>The former superintendent of Yosemite National Park, accused of creating a hostile work environment and discriminating against female employees, has been faulted by federal investigators for his management style and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.doioig.gov/sites/doioig.gov/files/HostileWorkEnvironmentYosemite_Public.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, released Monday by the Interior Department's inspector general, focused on Don Neubacher, who was Yosemite's top official for nearly seven years and a part of the National Park Service for 37 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It included interviews with 71 park staff members, some of whom said they witnessed Neubacher belittling staff and their abilities. According to their statements, Neubacher called employees “stupid,” “lazy” and “bozo,” and directed most of his comments at women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-page report, however, found no evidence that Neubacher's decisions were motivated by favoritism or bias. Overall, he got mixed reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of the 71 employees we interviewed regarding the allegations against the official, 42 spoke highly of him as a manager,\" the report said. \"The remaining either had no opinion, vacillated in their opinion, or said that he sometimes communicated poorly; that he could be dismissive, abrupt, or overly critical; and that he would often publicly criticize and undermine employees after he lost confidence in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yA4EcjpORzJ9rZumYxYTB2CwWG9l4U9K\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neubacher, who managed Point Reyes National Seashore for 15 years before taking the Yosemite job, denied the allegations and claimed he had not intentionally insulted or belittled anyone. \"I don't yell. I don't scream,\" he said. But he announced his retirement in September 2016, after the accusations of harassment were made public during a hearing of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also details other allegations of inappropriate behavior, including one case in which he gave a female employee preferential treatment. Neubacher allegedly promoted the woman by two grade levels in three years, gave her a Fitbit for her birthday, and when she left Yosemite for another job, he gave her a going-away gift that cost him $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s appalling that this level of sexual harassment and bullying has persisted in this workplace for so many years. And that so many individuals were unable to complain,\" said Deborah Rhode, a Stanford Law professor and legal ethics scholar. She added that the allegations indicate there was a \"corrosive culture\" under Neubacher's leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhode thinks the publicity could encourage other parks to re-examine their workplace culture at a time when several other national parks are facing similar allegations of workplace abuse, including at Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With crisis comes opportunity. And cultures that have long tolerated abusive practices, when they are publicly exposed, suddenly have gotten the message,” Rhode said. “What’s really important to focus on here is how do you prevent this kind of toxic work environment from persisting for so long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting for this post comes from the Associated Press and KQED's Mariana Urban and Bert Johnson.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The former superintendent of Yosemite National Park, accused of creating a hostile work environment and discriminating against female employees, has been faulted by federal investigators for his management style and behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.doioig.gov/sites/doioig.gov/files/HostileWorkEnvironmentYosemite_Public.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, released Monday by the Interior Department's inspector general, focused on Don Neubacher, who was Yosemite's top official for nearly seven years and a part of the National Park Service for 37 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It included interviews with 71 park staff members, some of whom said they witnessed Neubacher belittling staff and their abilities. According to their statements, Neubacher called employees “stupid,” “lazy” and “bozo,” and directed most of his comments at women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-page report, however, found no evidence that Neubacher's decisions were motivated by favoritism or bias. Overall, he got mixed reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of the 71 employees we interviewed regarding the allegations against the official, 42 spoke highly of him as a manager,\" the report said. \"The remaining either had no opinion, vacillated in their opinion, or said that he sometimes communicated poorly; that he could be dismissive, abrupt, or overly critical; and that he would often publicly criticize and undermine employees after he lost confidence in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neubacher, who managed Point Reyes National Seashore for 15 years before taking the Yosemite job, denied the allegations and claimed he had not intentionally insulted or belittled anyone. \"I don't yell. I don't scream,\" he said. But he announced his retirement in September 2016, after the accusations of harassment were made public during a hearing of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also details other allegations of inappropriate behavior, including one case in which he gave a female employee preferential treatment. Neubacher allegedly promoted the woman by two grade levels in three years, gave her a Fitbit for her birthday, and when she left Yosemite for another job, he gave her a going-away gift that cost him $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s appalling that this level of sexual harassment and bullying has persisted in this workplace for so many years. And that so many individuals were unable to complain,\" said Deborah Rhode, a Stanford Law professor and legal ethics scholar. She added that the allegations indicate there was a \"corrosive culture\" under Neubacher's leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhode thinks the publicity could encourage other parks to re-examine their workplace culture at a time when several other national parks are facing similar allegations of workplace abuse, including at Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With crisis comes opportunity. And cultures that have long tolerated abusive practices, when they are publicly exposed, suddenly have gotten the message,” Rhode said. “What’s really important to focus on here is how do you prevent this kind of toxic work environment from persisting for so long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting for this post comes from the Associated Press and KQED's Mariana Urban and Bert Johnson.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will Democrats Get Another Supermajority Vote That Could Raise Gas Prices?",
"title": "Will Democrats Get Another Supermajority Vote That Could Raise Gas Prices?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The power of the California Democratic Party's supermajority was mightily tested last Thursday, with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/06/in-big-win-for-gov-brown-state-legislature-oks-major-transportation-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">nail-biting passage\u003c/a> of a $52 billion transportation package that will add 12 cents to the price of gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does that bode for the other big lift coming up in the Legislature, the reauthorization of the state's landmark climate change legislation, cap and trade? The carbon auction system \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/06/appeals-court-upholds-californias-cap-trade-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">survived a court challenge\u003c/a> Thursday -- with the California appeals court affirming the legality of the program -- but it’s an open question whether cap and trade can survive a bruising political battle and the likelihood of tacking on more to the price of gas at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1jWS9bhppGSpPwGRlbcFaz7xyZWuSgY4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation bill was a squeaker, passing with a bare minimum of votes in both the Senate and Assembly. Last-minute concessions dragged the package over the line, but at the cost of exhaustion and, for some, distasteful compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an infrastructure funding bill is such a difficult sell, what does that mean for the future of cap and trade, which will require another two-thirds vote to pass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any two-thirds vote is difficult,” said Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-Fremont), who chairs the Senate Environmental Quality Committee. “With cap and trade, since 25 percent of money goes to disadvantaged communities, it’s a little lighter lift versus transportation package. That said, it’s still two-thirds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of cap and trade are seeking a supermajority vote this year to affirm the program’s legal standing and eliminate doubts that have reduced participation in the state’s carbon market, which has allowed companies to trade permits at auction since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Z5pjlA80AKoR1w4dzxkhMOhdTwUTLYOx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original law, AB 32, has a 2020 deadline for meeting its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels, and that has opened questions as to whether it can operate past that date. Critics say that the law is a an illegal tax because it passed with a simple majority vote. A two-thirds vote to extend the program would resolve both questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court also settled the tax point, although there are other potential legal challenges ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are still discussing whether to extend AB 32 as it exists or to shape an entirely new bill, possibly with an emphasis on environmental justice issues. There are varying versions of what a new or rejiggered cap-and-trade program might look like -- continuing the carbon auctions or converting to a carbon tax. Those developments are open-ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the program is extended in its current form, the price of allowances could greatly increase, according to a nonpartisan analysis. Depending on allowance prices, the cost of gas could rise from 15 to 73 cents per gallon by 2031, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/letters/2017/fong-fuels-cap-and-trade.pdf\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are understandably sensitive to a dramatic hike in gasoline prices, a core pocketbook issue for voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Gaines (R-El Dorado), who voted against the transportation bill, said permanent gas taxes hurt the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VjcX5hmorfoHWguJ21jnotxrTIhrGcwb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There seems to be some confusion in the Legislature about the war on poverty,” Gaines said in a statement. “We should be fighting to end it, not create it. But with this new gas tax we will be serving up poverty by the gallon to millions of families and businesses around the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, cap and trade lived to fight another day, thanks to a 2-1 ruling from the 3\u003csup>rd\u003c/sup> District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, which agreed with the state Air Resources Board that it has the authority to regulate polluters. The years-long case had clouded the future of cap and trade, with sluggish interest in the state’s auctions. The February \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auction/feb-2017/summary_results_report.pdf\">quarterly allowance auction\u003c/a> was another bust, with just 16.5 percent of the emission allowances sold. The next auction is in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say that the future for cap and trade will not be truly assured until it is enshrined in law and not subject to continual legal challenges. Gov. Jerry Brown has asked the Legislature to reauthorize the program with a two-thirds vote, but even the Democrat-heavy statehouse is not committing to anything. Yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The power of the California Democratic Party's supermajority was mightily tested last Thursday, with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/06/in-big-win-for-gov-brown-state-legislature-oks-major-transportation-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">nail-biting passage\u003c/a> of a $52 billion transportation package that will add 12 cents to the price of gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does that bode for the other big lift coming up in the Legislature, the reauthorization of the state's landmark climate change legislation, cap and trade? The carbon auction system \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/06/appeals-court-upholds-californias-cap-trade-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">survived a court challenge\u003c/a> Thursday -- with the California appeals court affirming the legality of the program -- but it’s an open question whether cap and trade can survive a bruising political battle and the likelihood of tacking on more to the price of gas at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation bill was a squeaker, passing with a bare minimum of votes in both the Senate and Assembly. Last-minute concessions dragged the package over the line, but at the cost of exhaustion and, for some, distasteful compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an infrastructure funding bill is such a difficult sell, what does that mean for the future of cap and trade, which will require another two-thirds vote to pass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any two-thirds vote is difficult,” said Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-Fremont), who chairs the Senate Environmental Quality Committee. “With cap and trade, since 25 percent of money goes to disadvantaged communities, it’s a little lighter lift versus transportation package. That said, it’s still two-thirds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of cap and trade are seeking a supermajority vote this year to affirm the program’s legal standing and eliminate doubts that have reduced participation in the state’s carbon market, which has allowed companies to trade permits at auction since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original law, AB 32, has a 2020 deadline for meeting its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels, and that has opened questions as to whether it can operate past that date. Critics say that the law is a an illegal tax because it passed with a simple majority vote. A two-thirds vote to extend the program would resolve both questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court also settled the tax point, although there are other potential legal challenges ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are still discussing whether to extend AB 32 as it exists or to shape an entirely new bill, possibly with an emphasis on environmental justice issues. There are varying versions of what a new or rejiggered cap-and-trade program might look like -- continuing the carbon auctions or converting to a carbon tax. Those developments are open-ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the program is extended in its current form, the price of allowances could greatly increase, according to a nonpartisan analysis. Depending on allowance prices, the cost of gas could rise from 15 to 73 cents per gallon by 2031, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/letters/2017/fong-fuels-cap-and-trade.pdf\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators are understandably sensitive to a dramatic hike in gasoline prices, a core pocketbook issue for voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Gaines (R-El Dorado), who voted against the transportation bill, said permanent gas taxes hurt the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There seems to be some confusion in the Legislature about the war on poverty,” Gaines said in a statement. “We should be fighting to end it, not create it. But with this new gas tax we will be serving up poverty by the gallon to millions of families and businesses around the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, cap and trade lived to fight another day, thanks to a 2-1 ruling from the 3\u003csup>rd\u003c/sup> District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, which agreed with the state Air Resources Board that it has the authority to regulate polluters. The years-long case had clouded the future of cap and trade, with sluggish interest in the state’s auctions. The February \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auction/feb-2017/summary_results_report.pdf\">quarterly allowance auction\u003c/a> was another bust, with just 16.5 percent of the emission allowances sold. The next auction is in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say that the future for cap and trade will not be truly assured until it is enshrined in law and not subject to continual legal challenges. Gov. Jerry Brown has asked the Legislature to reauthorize the program with a two-thirds vote, but even the Democrat-heavy statehouse is not committing to anything. Yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge",
"title": "Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-10c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/04/10/LarvaofQuinoCheckerspotButterfly004LGtx700.jpg\" Title=\"Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3jnotGpbhI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Endangered Quino checkerspot butterflies are flying in the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/erik-anderson/\">Erik Anderson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's What California's Wildflower 'Super Bloom' Looks Like From Space",
"headTitle": "Here’s What California’s Wildflower ‘Super Bloom’ Looks Like From Space | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Here's What California's Wildflower 'Super Bloom' Looks Like From Space",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meet P-54, the Santa Monica Mountains' Newest Lion Cub",
"title": "Meet P-54, the Santa Monica Mountains' Newest Lion Cub",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 4-week-old kitten named P-54 is believed to be the product of mountain lion inbreeding, according to a statement released by the National Park Service on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cub's mother is P-23. Its father is believed to be P-23's half-brother P-30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reproduction within the mountain lion population south of the 101 is generally a good sign for the species, inbreeding could also lead to serious problems for the population in the future, said Seth Riley, a wildlife ecologist with the NPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mountain lions south of the 101 are completely cut off to the north by development and the 101 freeway,\" he said. \"As of a few years ago, before one male mountain lion crossed [the 101] into the Santa Monica Mountains, the genetic diversity was lower than anything ever before seen in the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, wildlife activists\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/18/66281/after-years-of-negotiations-group-acquires-land-fo/\"> acquired a strategically located 71-acre swath of land\u003c/a> between the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Valley that they hope will be home to the area's first overpass for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If constructed, the overpass could help reduce the amount of inbreeding south of the 101 freeway by connecting mountain lion populations and increasing genetic diversity, according to the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101-Freeway in Agoura Hills.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101 Freeway in Agoura Hills. \u003ccite>(Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, P-54 seems healthy, and the population in the Santa Monica Mountains lives fairly well, according to Riley. The survival rate for kittens is good. Adults seem to find plenty of deer to eat and stay out of people's way, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if this population isn't connected with the larger one to the north, in Simi Valley, serious physical effects and deformities could begin to appear in the animals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lion populations in Florida began inbreeding, that state started to see lower reproduction rates, kinked tails and holes in their hearts, Riley said. Many males had one or both testes that were undescended. They were sterile, and the lions, also called panthers or cougars, almost went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know what it would look like [in L.A.],\" Riley said. \"But it's not good, obviously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA results confirming P-30 as P-54's father should be available in several weeks, Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been studying mountain lions since 2002 to determine how they survive in an increasingly fragmented and urbanized environment, according to the NPS statement.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/matt-bloom\">Matt Bloom\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 4-week-old kitten named P-54 is believed to be the product of mountain lion inbreeding, according to a statement released by the National Park Service on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cub's mother is P-23. Its father is believed to be P-23's half-brother P-30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reproduction within the mountain lion population south of the 101 is generally a good sign for the species, inbreeding could also lead to serious problems for the population in the future, said Seth Riley, a wildlife ecologist with the NPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mountain lions south of the 101 are completely cut off to the north by development and the 101 freeway,\" he said. \"As of a few years ago, before one male mountain lion crossed [the 101] into the Santa Monica Mountains, the genetic diversity was lower than anything ever before seen in the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, wildlife activists\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/18/66281/after-years-of-negotiations-group-acquires-land-fo/\"> acquired a strategically located 71-acre swath of land\u003c/a> between the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Valley that they hope will be home to the area's first overpass for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If constructed, the overpass could help reduce the amount of inbreeding south of the 101 freeway by connecting mountain lion populations and increasing genetic diversity, according to the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101-Freeway in Agoura Hills.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101 Freeway in Agoura Hills. \u003ccite>(Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, P-54 seems healthy, and the population in the Santa Monica Mountains lives fairly well, according to Riley. The survival rate for kittens is good. Adults seem to find plenty of deer to eat and stay out of people's way, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if this population isn't connected with the larger one to the north, in Simi Valley, serious physical effects and deformities could begin to appear in the animals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lion populations in Florida began inbreeding, that state started to see lower reproduction rates, kinked tails and holes in their hearts, Riley said. Many males had one or both testes that were undescended. They were sterile, and the lions, also called panthers or cougars, almost went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know what it would look like [in L.A.],\" Riley said. \"But it's not good, obviously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA results confirming P-30 as P-54's father should be available in several weeks, Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been studying mountain lions since 2002 to determine how they survive in an increasingly fragmented and urbanized environment, according to the NPS statement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis",
"headTitle": "How ‘Incompetent Rock’ Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/04/OrovilleGeologyWEBMiller170410.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hoPb8GrhWSM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.",
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"description": "Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.",
"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
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"headline": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Gas Leak? Buyers in Porter Ranch Snap Up Luxury Homes",
"title": "What Gas Leak? Buyers in Porter Ranch Snap Up Luxury Homes",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s no secret the Southern California real estate market is hot right now, but some may be surprised by the popularity of one particular neighborhood: Porter Ranch. Barely 18 months after a broken well caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/porter-ranch-gas-leak\">the country's worst-ever natural gas leak, \u003c/a>homebuyers seem to be shrugging off the risks, especially people in the market for high-end properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told my wife we were going to buy this house even if we had to wear a gas mask,\" said Gabriel Barajas, as the couple toured a 5,272-square-foot model home similar to the one they'll move into this summer. Barajas, who grew up in the San Fernando Valley, said, \"I always wanted to have a house up in the hills and I finally bought it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Barajas' home is one of more than 1,400 that Toll Brothers Inc. plans to build over the coming years \u003ca href=\"https://www.tollbrothers.com/luxury-homes-for-sale/California/Porter-Ranch\">as part of a planned community\u003c/a> that sits about a mile from where the gas leak occurred, according to the company. When the project is complete, the development will feature 3,400 homes and condos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that they wouldn’t be building these homes if we were in danger,\" said Erica Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-07f-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/AlisoProtest-800x533.jpg\" Title=\"What Gas Leak? Buyers in Porter Ranch Snap Up Luxury Homes\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers completed its takeover of the Porter Ranch development in 2014, more than a year before the gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was an inopportune time,\" said Toll Brothers Division Vice President Frank Su. \"Toll Brothers has a significant investment here in Porter Ranch.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-month leak was finally capped in February 2016, and some Porter Ranch residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-hibino-porter-ranch-aliso-canyon-close-20170301-story.html\">still complain about health effects from the Aliso Canyon gas storage field\u003c/a>. But the episode seems to be of little concern to many people looking to buy Toll Brothers' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I believe as a whole the public in general doesn't really pay attention to it.'\u003ccite>Ken Sampson, real estate agent\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers says it has sold four houses this year for more than $2 million in Porter Ranch, and has four more that will close soon, all record-high prices for the area. The firm's most basic houses go for just under $1 million. Most feature grand staircases, closets bigger than studio apartments and kitchens more suited to a restaurant than serving a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strength of the market seems to have surprised even Toll Brothers executives, \u003ca href=\"https://seekingalpha.com/article/3922186-toll-brothers-tol-douglas-c-yearley-jr-q1-2016-results-earnings-call-transcript?part=single\">who boasted in a conference call with investors last year\u003c/a> that the company didn’t have to offer discounts after the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made no downward adjustments in our pricing,\" said Toll Brothers CEO Douglas C. Yearley Jr. \"It should absolutely be business as usual with typical Southern California pricing power and great action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Forgotten Leak\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Longtime Porter Ranch real estate agent Ken Sampson says these days he rarely gets questions about the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A year ago it was on everyone’s mind,\" he said. \"Maybe one out of 15 asks about it today. It was a shock to all of us that the facility was even there, but I believe as a whole the public in general doesn’t really pay attention to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still lots of current Porter Ranch residents who are paying very close attention to the situation, and some of them moved away from the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"sbeXA5dZQxdOzS4NAFYcc4R2mz4KE02R\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Carrigan is one of those who relocated; last month she moved her three dogs and six kids to a house farther away from the gas field. Carrigan says her family was still getting sick despite the ruptured well having been capped so long ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People that actually have experienced the grief and the doctor’s appointments and the constant rashes and nosebleeds are not willing to buy a house in Porter Ranch,\" said Carrigan. \"They’re willing to get as far away as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not selling her old house yet because her home value has been slower to recover, something analysts say is common with houses closer to Aliso Canyon. That in turn leads to higher average sales prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see fewer sales the closer you get to the actual gas leak, but because those sales aren’t happening they’re not affecting the prices,\" said Daren Blomquist, vice president of RealtyTrac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, home sales are up 18 percent in Porter Ranch over the past year, according to RealtyTrac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are buying houses again,\" said Carrigan, who is a real estate agent. But because she doesn’t want others to go through what she has, she recently found herself in the strange position of steering a client away from buying in the Toll Brothers development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6PkzKIRPeGeUMtAzuCoC2wa1P3rnJIdT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them, 'Don't buy until you know for sure. You have two small kids. Don't do it.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s tough to convince clients to stay away because they're hearing from Toll Brothers that everything is fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it’s fixed you assume it’s OK,\" said Carrigan, who added that besides unanswered questions about what caused the blowout, \"there are still elevated spikes\" of natural gas emanating from Aliso Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'The Most Regulated Facility in the Entire Country'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers’ Frank Su acknowledges he still has concerns about the storage field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas leak was not great, and we still have concerns about the future and safeness of the facility,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers agents emphasize to perspective buyers the level of regulatory oversight at Aliso Canyon, said Su.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tell them the leak has been capped, the facility has been there for 50-plus years and it's probably the most regulated facility in the entire country. We feel like it’s going to be very safe in the future,\" said Su, adding that for most potential buyers, \"that’s enough for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"obu8bvSDUt4Bu2PsutCZr6HrXtGuVcVH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Su said he wouldn’t be recommending Porter Ranch if he didn’t happily live there with his family for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were here during the leak and my kids weren’t affected,\" said Su. \"Porter Ranch is still a great place. It’s not a horrible place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the rare place in Los Angeles where there are top schools, low crime rates and the ability to customize a home with a view from the ground up -- pluses that outweigh risks for many with the means to purchase a home here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-committee-approves-aliso-canyon-1491335506-htmlstory.html\">a state Senate committee approved an emergency bill\u003c/a> that would keep Aliso Canyon closed until regulators complete a study into what caused the leak. Southern California Gas Co. opposes the measure. It maintains the storage field can operate safely while the study is underway.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s no secret the Southern California real estate market is hot right now, but some may be surprised by the popularity of one particular neighborhood: Porter Ranch. Barely 18 months after a broken well caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/porter-ranch-gas-leak\">the country's worst-ever natural gas leak, \u003c/a>homebuyers seem to be shrugging off the risks, especially people in the market for high-end properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told my wife we were going to buy this house even if we had to wear a gas mask,\" said Gabriel Barajas, as the couple toured a 5,272-square-foot model home similar to the one they'll move into this summer. Barajas, who grew up in the San Fernando Valley, said, \"I always wanted to have a house up in the hills and I finally bought it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Barajas' home is one of more than 1,400 that Toll Brothers Inc. plans to build over the coming years \u003ca href=\"https://www.tollbrothers.com/luxury-homes-for-sale/California/Porter-Ranch\">as part of a planned community\u003c/a> that sits about a mile from where the gas leak occurred, according to the company. When the project is complete, the development will feature 3,400 homes and condos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that they wouldn’t be building these homes if we were in danger,\" said Erica Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers completed its takeover of the Porter Ranch development in 2014, more than a year before the gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was an inopportune time,\" said Toll Brothers Division Vice President Frank Su. \"Toll Brothers has a significant investment here in Porter Ranch.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-month leak was finally capped in February 2016, and some Porter Ranch residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-hibino-porter-ranch-aliso-canyon-close-20170301-story.html\">still complain about health effects from the Aliso Canyon gas storage field\u003c/a>. But the episode seems to be of little concern to many people looking to buy Toll Brothers' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I believe as a whole the public in general doesn't really pay attention to it.'\u003ccite>Ken Sampson, real estate agent\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers says it has sold four houses this year for more than $2 million in Porter Ranch, and has four more that will close soon, all record-high prices for the area. The firm's most basic houses go for just under $1 million. Most feature grand staircases, closets bigger than studio apartments and kitchens more suited to a restaurant than serving a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strength of the market seems to have surprised even Toll Brothers executives, \u003ca href=\"https://seekingalpha.com/article/3922186-toll-brothers-tol-douglas-c-yearley-jr-q1-2016-results-earnings-call-transcript?part=single\">who boasted in a conference call with investors last year\u003c/a> that the company didn’t have to offer discounts after the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made no downward adjustments in our pricing,\" said Toll Brothers CEO Douglas C. Yearley Jr. \"It should absolutely be business as usual with typical Southern California pricing power and great action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Forgotten Leak\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Longtime Porter Ranch real estate agent Ken Sampson says these days he rarely gets questions about the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A year ago it was on everyone’s mind,\" he said. \"Maybe one out of 15 asks about it today. It was a shock to all of us that the facility was even there, but I believe as a whole the public in general doesn’t really pay attention to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still lots of current Porter Ranch residents who are paying very close attention to the situation, and some of them moved away from the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Carrigan is one of those who relocated; last month she moved her three dogs and six kids to a house farther away from the gas field. Carrigan says her family was still getting sick despite the ruptured well having been capped so long ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People that actually have experienced the grief and the doctor’s appointments and the constant rashes and nosebleeds are not willing to buy a house in Porter Ranch,\" said Carrigan. \"They’re willing to get as far away as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not selling her old house yet because her home value has been slower to recover, something analysts say is common with houses closer to Aliso Canyon. That in turn leads to higher average sales prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see fewer sales the closer you get to the actual gas leak, but because those sales aren’t happening they’re not affecting the prices,\" said Daren Blomquist, vice president of RealtyTrac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, home sales are up 18 percent in Porter Ranch over the past year, according to RealtyTrac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are buying houses again,\" said Carrigan, who is a real estate agent. But because she doesn’t want others to go through what she has, she recently found herself in the strange position of steering a client away from buying in the Toll Brothers development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them, 'Don't buy until you know for sure. You have two small kids. Don't do it.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s tough to convince clients to stay away because they're hearing from Toll Brothers that everything is fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it’s fixed you assume it’s OK,\" said Carrigan, who added that besides unanswered questions about what caused the blowout, \"there are still elevated spikes\" of natural gas emanating from Aliso Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'The Most Regulated Facility in the Entire Country'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers’ Frank Su acknowledges he still has concerns about the storage field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas leak was not great, and we still have concerns about the future and safeness of the facility,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toll Brothers agents emphasize to perspective buyers the level of regulatory oversight at Aliso Canyon, said Su.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tell them the leak has been capped, the facility has been there for 50-plus years and it's probably the most regulated facility in the entire country. We feel like it’s going to be very safe in the future,\" said Su, adding that for most potential buyers, \"that’s enough for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Su said he wouldn’t be recommending Porter Ranch if he didn’t happily live there with his family for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were here during the leak and my kids weren’t affected,\" said Su. \"Porter Ranch is still a great place. It’s not a horrible place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the rare place in Los Angeles where there are top schools, low crime rates and the ability to customize a home with a view from the ground up -- pluses that outweigh risks for many with the means to purchase a home here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-committee-approves-aliso-canyon-1491335506-htmlstory.html\">a state Senate committee approved an emergency bill\u003c/a> that would keep Aliso Canyon closed until regulators complete a study into what caused the leak. Southern California Gas Co. opposes the measure. It maintains the storage field can operate safely while the study is underway.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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