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"content": "\u003cp>Kern County agricultural officials announced Tuesday that they are issuing more than $50,000 in fines against two companies for violating pesticide rules in connection with an incident that sickened 37 farmworkers in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firms facing penalties are Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties mandarins and clementines, and Grapeman Farms. Both companies have operations throughout the Central Valley and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the penalties comes as agricultural commissioners in three California counties investigate several other chemical drift incidents that sickened some three dozen agricultural workers over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern County fines are the result of an investigation by the county agricultural department that found the companies’ use of two pesticides near Maricopa on May 5 violated state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties are the most expensive fines issued by the county in several years, according to Glenn Fankhauser, Kern County agricultural commissioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to do everything we can to protect the public and the environment,” Fankhauser said. “Integral to this is agricultural safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fieldworkers who became ill were harvesting cabbage for the Dan Andrews Farms. That morning, as many as 37 employees complained of an odor that made them sick. Officials say five of them sought medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural officials took foliage samples from fields in the area. Lab tests on those samples confirmed that Vulcan, a pesticide with the controversial chemical \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/29/521898976/will-the-epa-reject-a-pesticide-or-its-own-scientific-evidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>, and Cosavet DF, which contains sulfur, had drifted a half-mile away, into the area where the cabbage-harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific was fined $30,250 for violating five pesticide laws. It had applied Vulcan to a number of seedless tangerine fields starting the evening before the workers got sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said the company improperly sprayed the chemical because it used a nozzle that violated the pesticide company’s label guidelines. Growers who use Vulcan are supposed to ensure that their sprays involve droplets that are too heavy to be carried through the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used nozzles which created a mist which was too fine than was specified on the label,” Fankhauser said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapeman was penalized $20,000 for violating two pesticide regulations. The company applied Cosavet DF to several grape sites an hour before the illnesses were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was windy the morning the grower used the pesticide, investigators said. The company should not have sprayed the chemicals, given the weather conditions and the possibility they could have drifted to nearby fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of Sun Pacific and Grapeman Farms have yet to respond to requests for comment. Both companies can appeal the fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties were announced less than a week after more than a dozen farmworkers in South Bakersfield got sick, possibly because of a chemical drift. Kern County fire officials say 13 people in that Aug. 2 incident were decontaminated after complaining of eye irritation and nausea while working in a garlic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fankhauser says his office is investigating six farm labor contractors, landowners and pesticide applicators in connection with last week’s case. Investigators believe Vulcan and Vapam, a soil fumigant, may have gotten those workers sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, two dozen farmworkers in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/chemicals-sicken-two-dozen-central-coast-farm-workers-in-one-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Salinas and Watsonville\u003c/a> areas were hospitalized after chemical drifts apparently made them sick, incidents that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/06/advocates-concerned-about-chemical-drifts-that-sickened-central-coast-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alarmed farmworker advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers tied to Dole Food Co. and Driscoll’s, a major berry distributor, are under investigation in connection with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/01/driscolls-tied-to-central-coast-chemical-incident-that-sickened-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Watsonville case\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to do everything we can to protect the public and the environment,” Fankhauser said. “Integral to this is agricultural safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fieldworkers who became ill were harvesting cabbage for the Dan Andrews Farms. That morning, as many as 37 employees complained of an odor that made them sick. Officials say five of them sought medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural officials took foliage samples from fields in the area. Lab tests on those samples confirmed that Vulcan, a pesticide with the controversial chemical \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/29/521898976/will-the-epa-reject-a-pesticide-or-its-own-scientific-evidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>, and Cosavet DF, which contains sulfur, had drifted a half-mile away, into the area where the cabbage-harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific was fined $30,250 for violating five pesticide laws. It had applied Vulcan to a number of seedless tangerine fields starting the evening before the workers got sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said the company improperly sprayed the chemical because it used a nozzle that violated the pesticide company’s label guidelines. Growers who use Vulcan are supposed to ensure that their sprays involve droplets that are too heavy to be carried through the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used nozzles which created a mist which was too fine than was specified on the label,” Fankhauser said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapeman was penalized $20,000 for violating two pesticide regulations. The company applied Cosavet DF to several grape sites an hour before the illnesses were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was windy the morning the grower used the pesticide, investigators said. The company should not have sprayed the chemicals, given the weather conditions and the possibility they could have drifted to nearby fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of Sun Pacific and Grapeman Farms have yet to respond to requests for comment. Both companies can appeal the fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties were announced less than a week after more than a dozen farmworkers in South Bakersfield got sick, possibly because of a chemical drift. Kern County fire officials say 13 people in that Aug. 2 incident were decontaminated after complaining of eye irritation and nausea while working in a garlic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fankhauser says his office is investigating six farm labor contractors, landowners and pesticide applicators in connection with last week’s case. Investigators believe Vulcan and Vapam, a soil fumigant, may have gotten those workers sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, two dozen farmworkers in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/chemicals-sicken-two-dozen-central-coast-farm-workers-in-one-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Salinas and Watsonville\u003c/a> areas were hospitalized after chemical drifts apparently made them sick, incidents that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/06/advocates-concerned-about-chemical-drifts-that-sickened-central-coast-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alarmed farmworker advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers tied to Dole Food Co. and Driscoll’s, a major berry distributor, are under investigation in connection with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/01/driscolls-tied-to-central-coast-chemical-incident-that-sickened-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Watsonville case\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A draft government report on climate says the U.S. is already experiencing the consequences of global warming. The findings sharply contrast with statements by President Trump and some members of his Cabinet, who have sought to downplay the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/07/climate/document-Draft-of-the-Climate-Science-Special-Report.html\">leaked ahead of publication\u003c/a> and reported by \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> on Tuesday, says Americans are seeing more heat waves and rainfall as a result of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, known as the Climate Science Special Report, is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalchange.gov/nca4\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, which is mandated by Congress every four years and provides a synthesis of the federal government's knowledge about the state of the climate. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/05/06/310021768/new-report-finds-climate-change-already-having-broad-impact\">Previous assessments\u003c/a> have shown that climate change is already affecting the United States' weather and economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft report, by agencies such as NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, echoes that message. It finds that the world has warmed by about 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit over the past 150 years and that human activity is the primary cause for that warming. In the U.S., the report says the largest temperature increases have taken place in the West. It also found an increase in extreme precipitation events in the Northeast. The report concludes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Many lines of evidence demonstrate that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gasses, are primarily responsible for observed climate changes in the industrial era. There are no alternative explanations, and no natural cycles found in the observational record that can explain the observed changes in climate.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It concludes with high confidence that humans are responsible for effectively all observed warming since 1951.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement is directly at odds with statements from Trump and key Cabinet members. The head of Trump's Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, has said there is \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">tremendous disagreement\u003c/a>\" on the impact humans have had on the climate. And in June,\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/01/531090243/trumps-speech-on-paris-climate-agreement-withdrawal-annotated\"> Trump announced\u003c/a> that the U.S. would withdraw from the so-called Paris agreement on climate change, which is the main international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RRDwYi4km7yO1wY3ui9YZ3cjkHcPjRGH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sent official notice of the U.S. intention to withdraw late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because we pulled out of the Paris accord doesn't mean we believe in climate production,\" Trump's ambassador to the U.N., Nikki Haley, said on NBC's \u003cem>Today\u003c/em> show. \"What we're saying is, we're not going to sell out American businesses to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time it was leaked, the draft report had been completed for months and was awaiting the administration's approval ahead of publication. However, key positions involved in vetting the report, such as the presidential science adviser, have gone unfilled by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003cem> Times\u003c/em> was the first to report on the draft report's conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a White House official noted that \"drafts of this report have been published and made widely available online months ago during the public comment period. The White House will withhold comment on any draft report before its scheduled release date.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Already+Feeling+Consequences+Of+Global+Warming%2C+Draft+Report+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A draft government report on climate says the U.S. is already experiencing the consequences of global warming. The findings sharply contrast with statements by President Trump and some members of his Cabinet, who have sought to downplay the changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/07/climate/document-Draft-of-the-Climate-Science-Special-Report.html\">leaked ahead of publication\u003c/a> and reported by \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> on Tuesday, says Americans are seeing more heat waves and rainfall as a result of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, known as the Climate Science Special Report, is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalchange.gov/nca4\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, which is mandated by Congress every four years and provides a synthesis of the federal government's knowledge about the state of the climate. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/05/06/310021768/new-report-finds-climate-change-already-having-broad-impact\">Previous assessments\u003c/a> have shown that climate change is already affecting the United States' weather and economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft report, by agencies such as NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, echoes that message. It finds that the world has warmed by about 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit over the past 150 years and that human activity is the primary cause for that warming. In the U.S., the report says the largest temperature increases have taken place in the West. It also found an increase in extreme precipitation events in the Northeast. The report concludes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Many lines of evidence demonstrate that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gasses, are primarily responsible for observed climate changes in the industrial era. There are no alternative explanations, and no natural cycles found in the observational record that can explain the observed changes in climate.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It concludes with high confidence that humans are responsible for effectively all observed warming since 1951.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement is directly at odds with statements from Trump and key Cabinet members. The head of Trump's Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, has said there is \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">tremendous disagreement\u003c/a>\" on the impact humans have had on the climate. And in June,\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/01/531090243/trumps-speech-on-paris-climate-agreement-withdrawal-annotated\"> Trump announced\u003c/a> that the U.S. would withdraw from the so-called Paris agreement on climate change, which is the main international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sent official notice of the U.S. intention to withdraw late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because we pulled out of the Paris accord doesn't mean we believe in climate production,\" Trump's ambassador to the U.N., Nikki Haley, said on NBC's \u003cem>Today\u003c/em> show. \"What we're saying is, we're not going to sell out American businesses to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time it was leaked, the draft report had been completed for months and was awaiting the administration's approval ahead of publication. However, key positions involved in vetting the report, such as the presidential science adviser, have gone unfilled by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003cem> Times\u003c/em> was the first to report on the draft report's conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a White House official noted that \"drafts of this report have been published and made widely available online months ago during the public comment period. The White House will withhold comment on any draft report before its scheduled release date.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Already+Feeling+Consequences+Of+Global+Warming%2C+Draft+Report+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>East Bay water officials might lower the fines for stealing water from the region’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Municipal Utility District board of directors is expected to vote Tuesday on the resolution. The change would apply only to violations for meter tampering -- not diverting water from a pipe or fire hydrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would decrease the fine from $1,000 to $200 for the first violation, from $2,000 to $400 for the second offense, and from $3,000 to $800 for the third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meter tampering occurs when residents who have had their water shut off break into the meter to bring water back to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD spokeswoman Jenesse Miller said the fines were placing too much of a burden on low-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does create sort of even more barriers for people to get back into lawful water service and water use to have such steep fees,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD has also considered lowering penalties for all three forms of water theft, and could still vote to approve those options at Tuesday’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK -- Two hikers walking the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/planyourvisit/high-sierra-trail.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High Sierra Trail\u003c/a> in Sequoia National Forest encountered a wild mountain lion in their path, videotaping part of a nerve-wracking stare-down with the big cat that lasted nearly half an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the adult lion scurry down a winding trail out of sight. Moments later the hikers slowly round a turn to see it peering down on them from a rocky perch feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its ears are perked up and head cocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are you supposed to do?\" one hiker whispers. The other answers: \"I don't know. I don't think you're supposed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about the 40-second mark, the hikers realize the lion is no longer on the trail, but is above them and only a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNJxDWX-qes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers at Sequoia National Park on Monday posted a link to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNJxDWX-qes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-minute video\u003c/a> captured July 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clip ends with the hikers slowly backing away, but they said the encounter didn't end there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Vonderheide, who pressed \"record\" on his camera, and his hiking companion, Brian McKinney, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article165613697.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told The Tribune\u003c/a> newspaper in San Luis Obispo that they were on the first day of an 11-day hike through the Central California mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They waited for the cat to leave and tried rousing it from the trail, so they could continue onto the place they wanted to set up camp. The lion didn't budge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CAU5CtaTHo0Z44v1Zl6iW0je1zFUUPZI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a good 20 to 25 minutes, we tried to scare it, to make noise,\" McKinney told the newspaper. \"It just looked at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two hikers then turned back and set up camp for a restless night's sleep in another area, never seeing it again, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologist Daniel Gammons said the men did the right thing by staying calm. Biologists say you should make yourself appear big by waving your arms overhead and scare off the animal, as the men did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big thing these visitors did right was that they didn't panic and run,\" Gammons said. \"Probably the most important message to get out to visitors is not to act like prey if they encounter a mountain lion.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK -- Two hikers walking the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/planyourvisit/high-sierra-trail.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High Sierra Trail\u003c/a> in Sequoia National Forest encountered a wild mountain lion in their path, videotaping part of a nerve-wracking stare-down with the big cat that lasted nearly half an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the adult lion scurry down a winding trail out of sight. Moments later the hikers slowly round a turn to see it peering down on them from a rocky perch feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its ears are perked up and head cocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are you supposed to do?\" one hiker whispers. The other answers: \"I don't know. I don't think you're supposed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about the 40-second mark, the hikers realize the lion is no longer on the trail, but is above them and only a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xNJxDWX-qes'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xNJxDWX-qes'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Rangers at Sequoia National Park on Monday posted a link to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNJxDWX-qes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-minute video\u003c/a> captured July 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clip ends with the hikers slowly backing away, but they said the encounter didn't end there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Vonderheide, who pressed \"record\" on his camera, and his hiking companion, Brian McKinney, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article165613697.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told The Tribune\u003c/a> newspaper in San Luis Obispo that they were on the first day of an 11-day hike through the Central California mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They waited for the cat to leave and tried rousing it from the trail, so they could continue onto the place they wanted to set up camp. The lion didn't budge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a good 20 to 25 minutes, we tried to scare it, to make noise,\" McKinney told the newspaper. \"It just looked at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two hikers then turned back and set up camp for a restless night's sleep in another area, never seeing it again, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologist Daniel Gammons said the men did the right thing by staying calm. Biologists say you should make yourself appear big by waving your arms overhead and scare off the animal, as the men did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big thing these visitors did right was that they didn't panic and run,\" Gammons said. \"Probably the most important message to get out to visitors is not to act like prey if they encounter a mountain lion.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "after-two-spills-shell-oil-to-replace-miles-of-problem-pipeline",
"title": "After Two Spills, Shell Oil to Replace Miles of Problem Pipeline",
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"headTitle": "After Two Spills, Shell Oil to Replace Miles of Problem Pipeline | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Shell Oil Co. is replacing more than 12 miles of a pipeline that carries crude petroleum from Central Valley oil fields to Bay Area refineries after an investigation into two ruptures in eastern Alameda County in 2015 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move follows a series of strong recommendations from the Office of the State Fire Marshal’s Pipeline Safety Division, a division of Cal Fire that oversees 6,500 miles of pipelines — the first time the agency has pushed for a pipeline replacement.\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/08/ShellOilLine.mp3\" image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/08/07/shellpipelinegp3.jpg\" title=\"After Two Spills, Shell Oil to Replace Miles of Problem Pipeline\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruptures took place on Shell’s 177-mile-long San Pablo Bay Pipeline, which runs up the west side of the San Joaquin Valley from Coalinga, across the southwestern edge of the Delta, and through the hills of eastern Alameda and Contra Costa counties to the company’s Martinez refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spills occurred between Altamont Pass and Tracy in September 2015 and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/24/pipeline-at-center-of-altamont-pass-oil-spill-also-ruptured-last-september/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found both were caused by “fatigue cracks” that grew as pressure on the underground line fluctuated to deal with different grades of oil, according to documents obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two ruptures spilled a total of about 60,000 gallons on grassland near Interstate 580 and resulted in more than $6 million in damage, emergency response and cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610225\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 561px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11610225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture.jpg 561w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-160x220.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-240x330.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-375x516.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-520x716.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map shows the length of the Shell Oil pipeline. The break on May 20, 2016, occurred between Livermore and Tracy in East Alameda County. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oil from the first spill seeped 10 feet into the ground. Crude from the second incident was discovered as much as 20 feet beneath the surface, according to the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. The water agency oversaw the cleanups, which involved removing nearly 16,000 tons of contaminated soil and dumping it in an Altamont Pass landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After completing an investigation into the 2016 spill, the fire marshal’s office placed the pipeline on its list of higher-risk lines, requiring Shell to conduct more frequent inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell had inspected the failed sections of pipeline just months before they broke. The state last inspected the pipeline in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire marshal is calling on the company to review all of its California pipelines that switch between different pressure levels to see if they need more frequent inspections. The state agency also wants to know whether the company can reduce the practice, known as “pressure cycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s pipeline division also says it will review Shell’s pipeline integrity management program this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Critics, Safety Advocates Call For Penalty Against Shell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and experts who reviewed the investigations into the breaks for KQED applauded the state for taking action but say regulators should have been more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://center.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b35f4d78e2d8431b8f28aec94413f42b\">From the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"http://center.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b35f4d78e2d8431b8f28aec94413f42b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture2.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Click on the map above from the Center for Biological Diversity to see a map of the Shell Oil pipeline and nearby endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think that what they’re recommending goes far enough,” said Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan noted the state fire marshal’s office is calling for repairs along just a small portion of a pipeline that runs past several reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two breaks on the same pipeline in the same area, the state should slap Shell with a monetary penalty, he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it triggers one leak and then triggers another one, the company needs to be held responsible in a financial way for the damage that it caused,” Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Weimer, executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust, an independent advocacy group based in Bellingham, Washington, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a penalty would be warranted especially in this case where there’s two failures on a pipe so close together,” Weimer said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”6hATIqtIBApr69U4cQJyFoWGS9gZGjzm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Mathisen, the state fire marshal, says regulators did not penalize Shell because the company did not violate any pipeline safety law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire marshal’s Pipeline Safety Division last fined a pipeline operator — a $78,000 civil penalty against Phillips 66 — in March 2014, the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Break Prompts Shell to Change Pipeline Inspections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the September 2015 break, Shell conducted inspections using so-called \u003ca href=\"http://smartpigs.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smart pigs\u003c/a>, devices that travel inside pipelines while they’re still operating, instead of \u003ca href=\"http://petrowiki.org/Hydrostatic_testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrostatic testing\u003c/a>, where a section of pipeline is shut down and tested for leaks and weakness with high-pressure water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they had done a hydrotest at that time instead of running these smart pigs they probably would have found this problem and prevented the 2016 failure,” said Weimer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smart pigs didn’t work out very well in this instance,” Weimer said. “Hydrotests oftentimes will find these types of failures where these smart pigs won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy crude the San Pablo Pipeline was transporting when it ruptured is similar to the tar sands oil the Keystone Pipeline is expected to transport, Weimer noted. That thickness could cause “cyclic fatigue” on other lines throughout California, he said, so the state should require all oil pipeline operators to conduct the hydrotesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smart pigs just aren’t smart enough on some of these flaws,” Weimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after the May 2016 oil spill, Shell says, it conducted hydrostatic testing on the pipeline — the first of its kind on the line in more than 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says the two spills prompted the company to expand the range of problems it looks for when it inspects the San Pablo Pipeline and some of its other lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Details of Investigation Into Second Oil Spill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED give a vivid picture of how the second pipeline spill unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after midnight on May 20, 2016, Shell’s pipeline control center in Houston, Texas, detected a drop in operating pressure on the pipeline near West Patterson Pass Road and Interstate 580. At the time, it was pumping more than 6,000 barrels of heavy crude per hour, state officials said. The company says it immediately shut down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hours later the company \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/488e4a35e60e506e88257fb900336731?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Shell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified \u003c/a>the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, several local agencies were called in to respond, and a cleanup effort began that would last for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10974514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 669px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10974514\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"669\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline.png 669w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Central Valley Water Quality Control Board report on Shell Oil’s May 20, 2016, pipeline break. Picture shows inactive older pipeline and newer pipeline that ruptured, spilling about 21,000 gallons of oil. \u003ccite>(Central Valley Water Quality Control Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately, a federal regulator wanted answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please provide a report on this event when possible,” wrote Peter Katchmar, an accident coordinator at the federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) in an email to the state fire marshal’s office four hours after the rupture took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-inch pipeline released 500 barrels of oil from a break that measured 45 by 4.5 inches, according to state investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it did for the September 2015 break, Shell hired the risk management firm, Det Norske Veritas (DNV), to investigate the May 2016 spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120004\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11120004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-800x335.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-800x335.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-400x167.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split.jpg 856w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of the pipeline longitudinal seam split from the September 2015 rupture. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Shell Oil Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DNV and Shell say the rupture was due to a “fatigue crack” that grew over time. The oil company also says that smart pig, or in-line, tests conducted on the pipeline before the break were incorrectly reported to Shell officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says that incorrect information led them to increase pressure on the line three days before it ruptured. The oil giant blames a firm it hired to do the in-line inspections on the heels of the first break, the Rosen Group, for failing to identify and report the fatigue crack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the … surveys confirming the absence of any actionable defects, the recommendation was made … to remove the operating pressure reductions,” Shell said in its report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Rosen declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the inline inspection company’s mistakes that may have led to the pipeline break, Shell continues to use Rosen for in-line inspections, company spokesman Ray Fisher said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the first break, DNV said small pits of corrosion, along with the line’s frequent changes in pressure due to the different grades of oil it carries, contributed to the rupture. The firm added that the crack could have developed when the pipe was transported to the West Coast 35 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report Shell said it wants to improve detecting cracks along its pipelines and take a closer look at its pipes that undergo aggressive pressure cycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be corporate awareness for what pressure cycling does to the pipelines,” Shell’s review said. “This action needs to lead to more discipline and visibility of the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10974518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10974518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Containers of contaminated soil excavated from the site of May 20, 2016, Shell Oil pipeline rupture east of the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/Courtesy of Greenpeace)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fisher says crude that the pipeline brings from the Central Valley to refineries in the Bay Area “varies in viscosity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customer demands frequently dictate varying pressure loads on the pipeline,” Fisher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has taken measures to reduce pressure cycling on the pipeline that broke as well as others in its network, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State’s Reliance on Private Industry to Police Itself\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, KQED reported the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/state-outsources-east-bay-pipeline-spill-investigation-to-oil-company/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state relied heavily on Shell\u003c/a> to investigate the September 2015 break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state’s probe into the second spill — the state’s findings mirror the company’s conclusions — was basically another regurgitation of the oil giant’s own review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, of the Center for Biological Diversity, says that shows the state fire marshal isn’t up to the job of overseeing pipeline safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are letting companies police their own pipelines, we cannot be sure that they’re doing a good job,” Sullivan said. “This operator is operating a very dangerous pipeline and they do not seem to have a system in place to prevent these kinds of leaks. I don’t think Cal Fire’s report and recommendations really changes that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan says Cal Fire does not have enough engineers to police the hundreds of pipelines it’s responsible for watching over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s impossible for them to do the kind of rigorous oversight that they should be doing,” he said, adding that the agency needs more resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they continue to take the kind of lax approach with enforcement that we’ve seen certainly with these two incidents, I think it’s worth considering if there is another agency that could do this better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, the pipeline safety division had just a handful of inspectors and engineers. A top official with the agency said then that it had been working with a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/30/patchwork-of-oversight-keep-tabs-of-californias-vast-network-of-oil-pipelines/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">minimum staff for several years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state’s new fire marshal says that’s changing significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to bolster our pipeline safety resources significantly,” said Mathisen in an interview. “We’ve more than doubled our engineers on staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the San Pablo Bay Pipeline broke, the agency had five engineers who oversaw 752 intrastate pipelines, according to Mathisen. The division conducted an average of nine investigations a year for the last five years, said Cal Fire spokeswoman Janet Upton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now the agency has 13 engineers and supervisors and there are plans to hire 13 more, Upton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mathisen says he wants his agency to take a more active role in pipeline break investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in staff came as a result of legislation in response to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/21/crews-struggle-to-clean-up-oil-spill-near-santa-barbara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Refugio oil spill\u003c/a> in Santa Barbara County that mandated more pipeline inspections and required the oil industry to put in place better leak detection systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are gaining the resources to keep up,” Mathisen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators recently ordered another change: Companies hired by the oil industry to inspect pipelines are now required to send the results of those tests to the fire marshal’s office before they are sent to the line operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shell Works to Replace Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently began the process of replacing three sections of pipeline totaling 12.5 miles, company spokesman Fisher said. Each of those sections — one near Tracy, one near the Stanislaus-Merced county line, and one near Coalinga — involves pipeline that was manufactured in 1982 and then stored outside for six years before being shipped to California and installed as part of an existing pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell is choosing to replace the 1982 Columbia pipe sections with newly fabricated pipe out of an abundance of caution, despite the existing pipeline having been repaired and passing subsequent hydrotests,” Fisher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says it expects to complete construction of the new pipeline sections by 2019, he said. The company plans to shut down the line for several days when it’s installed, a move that has to be worked out with the refinery companies the pipeline serves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell is not disclosing the cost of the project.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "After Two Spills, Shell Oil to Replace Miles of Problem Pipeline | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Shell Oil Co. is replacing more than 12 miles of a pipeline that carries crude petroleum from Central Valley oil fields to Bay Area refineries after an investigation into two ruptures in eastern Alameda County in 2015 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move follows a series of strong recommendations from the Office of the State Fire Marshal’s Pipeline Safety Division, a division of Cal Fire that oversees 6,500 miles of pipelines — the first time the agency has pushed for a pipeline replacement.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruptures took place on Shell’s 177-mile-long San Pablo Bay Pipeline, which runs up the west side of the San Joaquin Valley from Coalinga, across the southwestern edge of the Delta, and through the hills of eastern Alameda and Contra Costa counties to the company’s Martinez refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spills occurred between Altamont Pass and Tracy in September 2015 and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/24/pipeline-at-center-of-altamont-pass-oil-spill-also-ruptured-last-september/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found both were caused by “fatigue cracks” that grew as pressure on the underground line fluctuated to deal with different grades of oil, according to documents obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two ruptures spilled a total of about 60,000 gallons on grassland near Interstate 580 and resulted in more than $6 million in damage, emergency response and cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610225\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 561px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11610225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture.jpg 561w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-160x220.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-240x330.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-375x516.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture-520x716.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map shows the length of the Shell Oil pipeline. The break on May 20, 2016, occurred between Livermore and Tracy in East Alameda County. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oil from the first spill seeped 10 feet into the ground. Crude from the second incident was discovered as much as 20 feet beneath the surface, according to the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. The water agency oversaw the cleanups, which involved removing nearly 16,000 tons of contaminated soil and dumping it in an Altamont Pass landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After completing an investigation into the 2016 spill, the fire marshal’s office placed the pipeline on its list of higher-risk lines, requiring Shell to conduct more frequent inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell had inspected the failed sections of pipeline just months before they broke. The state last inspected the pipeline in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire marshal is calling on the company to review all of its California pipelines that switch between different pressure levels to see if they need more frequent inspections. The state agency also wants to know whether the company can reduce the practice, known as “pressure cycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s pipeline division also says it will review Shell’s pipeline integrity management program this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Critics, Safety Advocates Call For Penalty Against Shell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and experts who reviewed the investigations into the breaks for KQED applauded the state for taking action but say regulators should have been more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://center.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b35f4d78e2d8431b8f28aec94413f42b\">From the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"http://center.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b35f4d78e2d8431b8f28aec94413f42b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Capture2.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Click on the map above from the Center for Biological Diversity to see a map of the Shell Oil pipeline and nearby endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think that what they’re recommending goes far enough,” said Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan noted the state fire marshal’s office is calling for repairs along just a small portion of a pipeline that runs past several reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two breaks on the same pipeline in the same area, the state should slap Shell with a monetary penalty, he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it triggers one leak and then triggers another one, the company needs to be held responsible in a financial way for the damage that it caused,” Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Weimer, executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust, an independent advocacy group based in Bellingham, Washington, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a penalty would be warranted especially in this case where there’s two failures on a pipe so close together,” Weimer said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Mathisen, the state fire marshal, says regulators did not penalize Shell because the company did not violate any pipeline safety law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire marshal’s Pipeline Safety Division last fined a pipeline operator — a $78,000 civil penalty against Phillips 66 — in March 2014, the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Break Prompts Shell to Change Pipeline Inspections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the September 2015 break, Shell conducted inspections using so-called \u003ca href=\"http://smartpigs.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smart pigs\u003c/a>, devices that travel inside pipelines while they’re still operating, instead of \u003ca href=\"http://petrowiki.org/Hydrostatic_testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrostatic testing\u003c/a>, where a section of pipeline is shut down and tested for leaks and weakness with high-pressure water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they had done a hydrotest at that time instead of running these smart pigs they probably would have found this problem and prevented the 2016 failure,” said Weimer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smart pigs didn’t work out very well in this instance,” Weimer said. “Hydrotests oftentimes will find these types of failures where these smart pigs won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy crude the San Pablo Pipeline was transporting when it ruptured is similar to the tar sands oil the Keystone Pipeline is expected to transport, Weimer noted. That thickness could cause “cyclic fatigue” on other lines throughout California, he said, so the state should require all oil pipeline operators to conduct the hydrotesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smart pigs just aren’t smart enough on some of these flaws,” Weimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after the May 2016 oil spill, Shell says, it conducted hydrostatic testing on the pipeline — the first of its kind on the line in more than 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says the two spills prompted the company to expand the range of problems it looks for when it inspects the San Pablo Pipeline and some of its other lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Details of Investigation Into Second Oil Spill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED give a vivid picture of how the second pipeline spill unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after midnight on May 20, 2016, Shell’s pipeline control center in Houston, Texas, detected a drop in operating pressure on the pipeline near West Patterson Pass Road and Interstate 580. At the time, it was pumping more than 6,000 barrels of heavy crude per hour, state officials said. The company says it immediately shut down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hours later the company \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/488e4a35e60e506e88257fb900336731?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Shell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified \u003c/a>the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, several local agencies were called in to respond, and a cleanup effort began that would last for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10974514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 669px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10974514\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"669\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline.png 669w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipeline-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Central Valley Water Quality Control Board report on Shell Oil’s May 20, 2016, pipeline break. Picture shows inactive older pipeline and newer pipeline that ruptured, spilling about 21,000 gallons of oil. \u003ccite>(Central Valley Water Quality Control Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately, a federal regulator wanted answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please provide a report on this event when possible,” wrote Peter Katchmar, an accident coordinator at the federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) in an email to the state fire marshal’s office four hours after the rupture took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-inch pipeline released 500 barrels of oil from a break that measured 45 by 4.5 inches, according to state investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it did for the September 2015 break, Shell hired the risk management firm, Det Norske Veritas (DNV), to investigate the May 2016 spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120004\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11120004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-800x335.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-800x335.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split-400x167.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/pipeline-split.jpg 856w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of the pipeline longitudinal seam split from the September 2015 rupture. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Shell Oil Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DNV and Shell say the rupture was due to a “fatigue crack” that grew over time. The oil company also says that smart pig, or in-line, tests conducted on the pipeline before the break were incorrectly reported to Shell officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says that incorrect information led them to increase pressure on the line three days before it ruptured. The oil giant blames a firm it hired to do the in-line inspections on the heels of the first break, the Rosen Group, for failing to identify and report the fatigue crack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the … surveys confirming the absence of any actionable defects, the recommendation was made … to remove the operating pressure reductions,” Shell said in its report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Rosen declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the inline inspection company’s mistakes that may have led to the pipeline break, Shell continues to use Rosen for in-line inspections, company spokesman Ray Fisher said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the first break, DNV said small pits of corrosion, along with the line’s frequent changes in pressure due to the different grades of oil it carries, contributed to the rupture. The firm added that the crack could have developed when the pipe was transported to the West Coast 35 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report Shell said it wants to improve detecting cracks along its pipelines and take a closer look at its pipes that undergo aggressive pressure cycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be corporate awareness for what pressure cycling does to the pipelines,” Shell’s review said. “This action needs to lead to more discipline and visibility of the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10974518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10974518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/06/shellpipelinegp3-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Containers of contaminated soil excavated from the site of May 20, 2016, Shell Oil pipeline rupture east of the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/Courtesy of Greenpeace)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fisher says crude that the pipeline brings from the Central Valley to refineries in the Bay Area “varies in viscosity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customer demands frequently dictate varying pressure loads on the pipeline,” Fisher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has taken measures to reduce pressure cycling on the pipeline that broke as well as others in its network, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State’s Reliance on Private Industry to Police Itself\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, KQED reported the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/state-outsources-east-bay-pipeline-spill-investigation-to-oil-company/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state relied heavily on Shell\u003c/a> to investigate the September 2015 break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state’s probe into the second spill — the state’s findings mirror the company’s conclusions — was basically another regurgitation of the oil giant’s own review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, of the Center for Biological Diversity, says that shows the state fire marshal isn’t up to the job of overseeing pipeline safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are letting companies police their own pipelines, we cannot be sure that they’re doing a good job,” Sullivan said. “This operator is operating a very dangerous pipeline and they do not seem to have a system in place to prevent these kinds of leaks. I don’t think Cal Fire’s report and recommendations really changes that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan says Cal Fire does not have enough engineers to police the hundreds of pipelines it’s responsible for watching over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s impossible for them to do the kind of rigorous oversight that they should be doing,” he said, adding that the agency needs more resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they continue to take the kind of lax approach with enforcement that we’ve seen certainly with these two incidents, I think it’s worth considering if there is another agency that could do this better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, the pipeline safety division had just a handful of inspectors and engineers. A top official with the agency said then that it had been working with a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/30/patchwork-of-oversight-keep-tabs-of-californias-vast-network-of-oil-pipelines/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">minimum staff for several years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state’s new fire marshal says that’s changing significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to bolster our pipeline safety resources significantly,” said Mathisen in an interview. “We’ve more than doubled our engineers on staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the San Pablo Bay Pipeline broke, the agency had five engineers who oversaw 752 intrastate pipelines, according to Mathisen. The division conducted an average of nine investigations a year for the last five years, said Cal Fire spokeswoman Janet Upton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, now the agency has 13 engineers and supervisors and there are plans to hire 13 more, Upton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mathisen says he wants his agency to take a more active role in pipeline break investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in staff came as a result of legislation in response to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/21/crews-struggle-to-clean-up-oil-spill-near-santa-barbara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Refugio oil spill\u003c/a> in Santa Barbara County that mandated more pipeline inspections and required the oil industry to put in place better leak detection systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are gaining the resources to keep up,” Mathisen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators recently ordered another change: Companies hired by the oil industry to inspect pipelines are now required to send the results of those tests to the fire marshal’s office before they are sent to the line operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shell Works to Replace Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently began the process of replacing three sections of pipeline totaling 12.5 miles, company spokesman Fisher said. Each of those sections — one near Tracy, one near the Stanislaus-Merced county line, and one near Coalinga — involves pipeline that was manufactured in 1982 and then stored outside for six years before being shipped to California and installed as part of an existing pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell is choosing to replace the 1982 Columbia pipe sections with newly fabricated pipe out of an abundance of caution, despite the existing pipeline having been repaired and passing subsequent hydrotests,” Fisher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell says it expects to complete construction of the new pipeline sections by 2019, he said. The company plans to shut down the line for several days when it’s installed, a move that has to be worked out with the refinery companies the pipeline serves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congressman Eric Swalwell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Rep Eric Swalwell (D-Pleasanton) discusses rising tensions with Russia, North Korea’s escalating missile tests and the status of the investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Justice Department Cracks Down on Leaks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyze the week’s big political developments, ranging from Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ announcement that the Justice Department is tripling investigations into leaks of classified information, to President Trump’s support for a bill that would cut legal immigration to the U.S. by half. Also, we discuss the widening investigation into ties between Russia and the Trump campaign, as special counsel Robert Mueller and a grand jury issue subpoenas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> Carla Marinucci, Politico senior writer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Prof. Melissa Murray, UC Berkeley School of Law\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Prof. James Taylor, University of San Francisco\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the documentary \u003cem>An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power\u003c/em> opens in theaters across the country. Ten years after he won an Oscar for \u003cem>An Inconvenient Truth\u003c/em>, the sequel follows Al Gore as he travels the world to champion clean energy. We caught up with the former vice president last week and sat down with the filmmakers behind the sequel, Bonni Cohen and Jon Shenk.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>See also: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/08/03/high-stakes-al-gore-inconvenient-sequel-make-documentary-drama/\">\u003cstrong>High Stakes of Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient Sequel’ Make for Documentary Drama\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>After launching an \u003ca href=\"http://envirolaws.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online tool\u003c/a> to help governments write environmental legislation, former California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger defended a state Republican leader who recently provided critical GOP votes to Gov. Jerry Brown's cap-and-trade bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 398\u003c/a> extended the life of California's cap-and-trade program until 2030. The system allows companies to purchase permits to release greenhouse gas emissions, with money generated from those sales being used to fund efforts to clean the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Republican Leader \u003ca href=\"https://ad42.asmrc.org/\">Chad Mayes\u003c/a> has faced furious criticism from his own party after negotiating with the Brown administration to help make the cap-and-trade bill palatable to enough GOP legislators to pass the bill. Critics have described Mayes as a kind of Benedict Arnold who betrayed his party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anyone against cleaning the environment and saving lives -- there's the betrayal, not the other way around\" Schwarzenegger told KQED on a phone call. \"What's happened is fantastic for the Republican Party in California. It will help them get more votes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/336857106\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger, who attended the ceremony where Gov. Brown signed the legislation two weeks ago, acknowledged the risk Republicans like Mayes face in ignoring opposition to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting that the Republican Party has shrunk in California, Schwarzenegger said, \"Whenever you do something that's a little out there, it's risky. You take a beating. That's the definition of great leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Politicians have to make a decision,\" he added. \"Do they want to be a party hack, servants to the party? Or do they want to be the people's servant?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Assemblyman Mayes delivered enough Assembly Republican votes to ensure Gov. Brown a major legislative victory, some GOP leaders, such as RNC Committeewoman Harmeet Dhillon from San Francisco, called on Mayes to step down as minority leader. So far at least, Mayes has survived challenges to his leadership.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After launching an \u003ca href=\"http://envirolaws.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online tool\u003c/a> to help governments write environmental legislation, former California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger defended a state Republican leader who recently provided critical GOP votes to Gov. Jerry Brown's cap-and-trade bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 398\u003c/a> extended the life of California's cap-and-trade program until 2030. The system allows companies to purchase permits to release greenhouse gas emissions, with money generated from those sales being used to fund efforts to clean the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Republican Leader \u003ca href=\"https://ad42.asmrc.org/\">Chad Mayes\u003c/a> has faced furious criticism from his own party after negotiating with the Brown administration to help make the cap-and-trade bill palatable to enough GOP legislators to pass the bill. Critics have described Mayes as a kind of Benedict Arnold who betrayed his party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anyone against cleaning the environment and saving lives -- there's the betrayal, not the other way around\" Schwarzenegger told KQED on a phone call. \"What's happened is fantastic for the Republican Party in California. It will help them get more votes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/336857106&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/336857106'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger, who attended the ceremony where Gov. Brown signed the legislation two weeks ago, acknowledged the risk Republicans like Mayes face in ignoring opposition to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Did you know that for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of wastewater? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\">allowed oil companies to pump this waste into drinking water aquifers\u003c/a>. Oil wastewater is often laden with salts, heavy metals and chemicals like benzene — not good for farmers, not good for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Farmers File $15 Million Claim for Damages During Oroville Crisis",
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"content": "\u003cp>A big Butte County walnut rancher has filed a $15.45 million claim against the state Department of Water Resources, alleging the agency is responsible for damage suffered after the Oroville spillway emergency in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JEM Farms and Chandon Ranch -- jointly owned properties that straddle the Feather River 17 miles below Oroville Dam -- say they lost a total of 27 acres of land because of the way the water agency maintained and operated the spillway before, during and after the February crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our investigation shows the Department of Water Resources failed to address a known hazard, and made only Band-Aid repairs,\" attorney Niall McCarthy of Burlingame-based Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy said in a statement. “For years, the State of California knew the gated spillway would fail, but chose to roll the dice with the safety and property of the residents of Oroville.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large water releases at the height of the incident were followed by an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/#feb26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abrupt reduction of flows\u003c/a> on Feb. 27, leading to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article136830223.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">widespread bank collapses\u003c/a> downstream from the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yeXIsuXtliP7hUm2hcff07MAxL0Qg3TL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As land collapsed on the two farm properties -- the parcels total 2,000 acres, with JEM having 4 miles of frontage on the river's east bank, Chandon three-quarters of a mile on the west -- sections of their walnut orchards dropped into the river, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claim calculates the value of the lost 27 acres at $1.08 million -- $40,000 an acre -- and losses of future walnut production over the next 50 years at about $14 million. The action also seeks $200,000 for cleaning up the mess left behind by the rapidly fluctuating river levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, they raise (the river) up incrementally and they let it down incrementally,\" George Onyett, who has managed JEM Farms for 41 years, said in a phone interview Thursday. \"This was just one fell swoop -- the river went down about 8 feet when they shut the spillway off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ho2ipcJyTewheKuMVbg6HSjatwWRgGll\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources did not respond to a request for comment on the claim. The agency said earlier this year that heavy winter rainfall, not its releases, was the likely culprit for the erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve received over a year’s worth of rain in two months,” Lauren Bisnett, a DWR spokeswoman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-feather-river-erosion-20170315-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> in March. “It’s not uncommon to see erosion in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for businesses and residents in and around Oroville say they're preparing similar claims against the state ... to meet a six-month deadline that arrives this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions are the first step in a process that will likely result in the state rejecting the claims and the filing of lawsuits against the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A big Butte County walnut rancher has filed a $15.45 million claim against the state Department of Water Resources, alleging the agency is responsible for damage suffered after the Oroville spillway emergency in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JEM Farms and Chandon Ranch -- jointly owned properties that straddle the Feather River 17 miles below Oroville Dam -- say they lost a total of 27 acres of land because of the way the water agency maintained and operated the spillway before, during and after the February crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our investigation shows the Department of Water Resources failed to address a known hazard, and made only Band-Aid repairs,\" attorney Niall McCarthy of Burlingame-based Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy said in a statement. “For years, the State of California knew the gated spillway would fail, but chose to roll the dice with the safety and property of the residents of Oroville.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large water releases at the height of the incident were followed by an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/#feb26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abrupt reduction of flows\u003c/a> on Feb. 27, leading to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article136830223.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">widespread bank collapses\u003c/a> downstream from the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As land collapsed on the two farm properties -- the parcels total 2,000 acres, with JEM having 4 miles of frontage on the river's east bank, Chandon three-quarters of a mile on the west -- sections of their walnut orchards dropped into the river, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claim calculates the value of the lost 27 acres at $1.08 million -- $40,000 an acre -- and losses of future walnut production over the next 50 years at about $14 million. The action also seeks $200,000 for cleaning up the mess left behind by the rapidly fluctuating river levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, they raise (the river) up incrementally and they let it down incrementally,\" George Onyett, who has managed JEM Farms for 41 years, said in a phone interview Thursday. \"This was just one fell swoop -- the river went down about 8 feet when they shut the spillway off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources did not respond to a request for comment on the claim. The agency said earlier this year that heavy winter rainfall, not its releases, was the likely culprit for the erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve received over a year’s worth of rain in two months,” Lauren Bisnett, a DWR spokeswoman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-feather-river-erosion-20170315-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> in March. “It’s not uncommon to see erosion in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for businesses and residents in and around Oroville say they're preparing similar claims against the state ... to meet a six-month deadline that arrives this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions are the first step in a process that will likely result in the state rejecting the claims and the filing of lawsuits against the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows",
"title": "How Much Drinking Water Has California Lost to Oil Industry Waste? No One Knows",
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"content": "\u003cp>California survived its historic drought, in large part by using groundwater. It was a lifeline in the Central Valley, where it was the only source of water for many farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators are charged with protecting that groundwater, but for years they failed to do so. Through a series of mistakes and miscommunication, they allowed oil companies to put wastewater into drinking water aquifers that were supposed to be safeguarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a KQED investigation reveals that regulators still know little about the actual impact on the state’s groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those errors was discovered by an unlikely person: Bill Samarin, a farmer in California’s San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture are the big employers in Tulare County, where Samarin lives. Among the citrus and almond orchards, you see steel pumpjacks bobbing above the treetops. So criticizing either of those industries doesn’t make you popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t set well with people around here,” Samarin said. “You’re some kind of environmentalist, which isn’t a very accepted thing to be if you’re a farmer out in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin is not an environmentalist. He describes himself as a “pretty conservative guy.” So what he discovered about the oil industry put him in unfamiliar territory, straining relationships in this tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biggest Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with the oil field not far from his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water?’\u003ccite>Bill Samarin, farmer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“From our house, we could look across and it’s probably about three-quarters of a mile,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials had received an application to expand that oil field and allow more drilling. Given how close it was to his property, Samarin started doing some homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I looked into it further, I found out actually that the biggest issue out here isn’t the things you see on top of the ground,” he said. “The biggest issue out here is the wastewater and how they’re getting rid of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies in California produce tons of wastewater. On average, for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of water, often laden with salts, trace metals and chemicals like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to get rid of it somehow and in this area here, they pump it into the ground,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1914135\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/KQED_CAOilWstwtr.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\">It’s the standard way in which oil companies dispose of wastewater in California: using injection wells, which are not much more than a pipe going into the ground with a gauge to monitor water pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, the wastewater is deposited pretty deep, below the usable groundwater, into aquifers that are already too salty to be drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin decided to look up all the wells near his orchard, to see where the wastewater was going. He couldn’t believe what he found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just stunned, stunned by how close it was to groundwater,” Samarin said. He uses groundwater on his crops, along with a lot of other farmers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just drilled a well here,” he said. “We drilled down to 740 feet. The injection wells in this area are injecting at similar depths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Samarin went to the local water regulators, the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. They told him how a water law, known as the Safe Drinking Water Act, works. Groundwater that’s potentially drinkable is automatically off limits for oil companies for wastewater disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if groundwater quality is already tainted by oil or salts, then companies can get permission from state agencies and the federal Environmental Protection Agency to put wastewater there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulators gave Samarin a map of the land around his orchard that had been approved for wastewater disposal, as well as the areas that were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people probably would have stopped there, but not Samarin. He wanted to know how close those injection wells were to his protected aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digging Through the Maps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin didn’t have to turn very far for help. His son, Alex, works with maps for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re both curious people,” said the younger Samarin. “Once the question is asked, we want to see what the answer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plotted coordinates for all the wastewater wells on top of the land approved for wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six out of the seven did fall within the allowable aquifer,” he said. “One was completely outside of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant an oil company was putting its wastewater into a protected aquifer that was supposed to be off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just stunned,” recalls Bill. “It was like: is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water? Can you imagine that that actually occurs in California in this day and age?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1077\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wastewater injection well in San Joaquin County. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He decided to take it to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Tulare County held hearings about whether to allow the oil operation near Samarin’s orchard to expand, and he filed an appeal against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanted the county to know about the mistake: that regulators with the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> had permitted a wastewater well that it shouldn’t have. Over a decade, it had pumped 80 million gallons of wastewater into the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Samarin presented his report, going over everything he and his son had found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Produced water associated with oil production can contain many constituents that may endanger the environment or the public health,” he testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the meeting was opened for comments, Burton Ellison, a recently-retired regulator with DOGGR, challenged Samarin’s findings, calling them untrue. “Every one of those wells went through a rigorous review,” Ellison told the hearing. “As a matter of fact, I reviewed some of them back in 2008.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, county supervisors denied Samarin’s appeal, stating that regulating wastewater was the state’s job, not theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin let it drop for the time being. “I left it to other contacts,” he said. “The state water board knew about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It looks like a completely broken system.’\u003ccite>Briana Mordick, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Six months later, those state water regulators reviewing wastewater wells discovered that Samarin had been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ordered the errant injection well that Samarin had found be shut down. The oil company, Modus, Inc., responded that its wastewater didn’t contaminate the aquifer because it had the same salt level as the aquifer it was going into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Samarin didn’t know was that his wasn’t an isolated case. It was happening all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Broken System”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of wells spread all across the state that are potentially impacting clean drinking water,” says Briana Mordick of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators grant permits for wastewater injection wells, so knowing the boundaries between protected and unprotected aquifers is crucial. But for decades, Mordick says, state regulators confused those boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pretty shocking state of affairs,” says Mordick. “Just poor communication, poor record-keeping. It looks like a completely broken system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our records weren’t solid,” admits Teresa Schilling, a spokesperson for the division of oil and gas. “They were missing in many cases and it’s essential that we have accurate records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/ScienceOilWastewaterISommer170802.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Oil and Groundwater – Part 1\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Pumpjack1.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\nIn some cases, the aquifer maps were decades old with fuzzy boundaries. In other cases, the records regulators used to make decisions were mixed up 30 years ago. The Environmental Protection Agency had a complete list of the protected aquifers, but for unknown reasons, California oil regulators were working from an incomplete list that didn’t include 11 protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the public has concern about what’s at stake with their drinking water,” says Schilling. “We all know we have a right to clean drinking water and we have a right to expect that our government will take care of that for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What regulators are doing now, Schilling says, is reviewing records for thousands of wastewater injection wells, looking for mistakes. So far, about 175 wells have been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six years after the problems emerged, there are still hundreds of wastewater wells operating in protected aquifers, mostly in Kern and Tulare counties. Schilling says these aquifers aren’t drinking-water quality and the state is going through the process of approving them for wastewater disposal. That was supposed to happen by February, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the process is still unfinished\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”15pcTtN87lI8MC5yd6uoTZdzBsD7cLTU”]“It’s very hard as a government entity to move fast but this has been a top priority at the Department of Conservation,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimal Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not fully understood is what impact all this has had on the quality of California’s drinking-water aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The testing that has been performed has been minimal, I would say,” says John Borkovich of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has tested some of the drinking water wells within a mile of the wastewater wells that were wrongly permitted. The tests looked at the quality of the drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkovich says officials have found no correlation between wastewater injection and “anything we’re finding in the water supply wells.” So far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because we haven’t seen anything, doesn’t mean there isn’t an issue out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next, bigger challenge is determining what the long-term impact of wastewater has been on the larger aquifers. Some wastewater wells have been operating for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/oilwastewaterpt2.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Oil and Groundwater – Part 2\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Oil-CentralValley.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked oil regulators for records showing contamination levels of the wastewater that oil companies put into the cleanest aquifers. Officials say they can’t produce those records for KQED, because the information is in stacks of paperwork, spread across several regional offices. They also say the division of oil and gas isn’t looking at that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how far back the permitting problems go, it could be a challenge for the state to reconstruct what’s happened underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t necessarily have good records of what the quality of that water would have been 20 years ago when they started doing this,” said NRDC’s Mordick. “So trying to figure out whether their actions have impacted the water is really difficult at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordick adds that the state may be overlooking certain chemicals in their testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the complicating things is that the state doesn’t require disclosure of most of the stuff that oil and gas operators use,” Mordick says. “Things like drilling fluids, or maintenance fluids, enhanced oil recovery operations, so really, we wouldn’t know what to test for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aquifers in question may not contain groundwater that California needs right now, but future droughts are inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those resources are becoming more and more valuable over time,” says Mordick. “Protecting our groundwater is really important. They need to follow the rules and California needs to step up and take this seriously because they haven’t been for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water regulators say they hope to figure out what the larger impacts have been in the years ahead, but have no set timeline. The risk is that they’ve allowed oil companies to contaminate drinking water aquifers to such an extent that Californians may have permanently lost those sources of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For years, California regulators mistakenly allowed oil companies to put their wastewater in protected aquifers.",
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"title": "How Much Drinking Water Has California Lost to Oil Industry Waste? No One Knows | KQED",
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"headline": "How Much Drinking Water Has California Lost to Oil Industry Waste? No One Knows",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California survived its historic drought, in large part by using groundwater. It was a lifeline in the Central Valley, where it was the only source of water for many farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators are charged with protecting that groundwater, but for years they failed to do so. Through a series of mistakes and miscommunication, they allowed oil companies to put wastewater into drinking water aquifers that were supposed to be safeguarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a KQED investigation reveals that regulators still know little about the actual impact on the state’s groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those errors was discovered by an unlikely person: Bill Samarin, a farmer in California’s San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture are the big employers in Tulare County, where Samarin lives. Among the citrus and almond orchards, you see steel pumpjacks bobbing above the treetops. So criticizing either of those industries doesn’t make you popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t set well with people around here,” Samarin said. “You’re some kind of environmentalist, which isn’t a very accepted thing to be if you’re a farmer out in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin is not an environmentalist. He describes himself as a “pretty conservative guy.” So what he discovered about the oil industry put him in unfamiliar territory, straining relationships in this tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biggest Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with the oil field not far from his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water?’\u003ccite>Bill Samarin, farmer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“From our house, we could look across and it’s probably about three-quarters of a mile,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials had received an application to expand that oil field and allow more drilling. Given how close it was to his property, Samarin started doing some homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I looked into it further, I found out actually that the biggest issue out here isn’t the things you see on top of the ground,” he said. “The biggest issue out here is the wastewater and how they’re getting rid of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies in California produce tons of wastewater. On average, for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of water, often laden with salts, trace metals and chemicals like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to get rid of it somehow and in this area here, they pump it into the ground,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1914135\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/KQED_CAOilWstwtr.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\">It’s the standard way in which oil companies dispose of wastewater in California: using injection wells, which are not much more than a pipe going into the ground with a gauge to monitor water pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, the wastewater is deposited pretty deep, below the usable groundwater, into aquifers that are already too salty to be drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin decided to look up all the wells near his orchard, to see where the wastewater was going. He couldn’t believe what he found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just stunned, stunned by how close it was to groundwater,” Samarin said. He uses groundwater on his crops, along with a lot of other farmers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just drilled a well here,” he said. “We drilled down to 740 feet. The injection wells in this area are injecting at similar depths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Samarin went to the local water regulators, the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. They told him how a water law, known as the Safe Drinking Water Act, works. Groundwater that’s potentially drinkable is automatically off limits for oil companies for wastewater disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if groundwater quality is already tainted by oil or salts, then companies can get permission from state agencies and the federal Environmental Protection Agency to put wastewater there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulators gave Samarin a map of the land around his orchard that had been approved for wastewater disposal, as well as the areas that were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people probably would have stopped there, but not Samarin. He wanted to know how close those injection wells were to his protected aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digging Through the Maps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin didn’t have to turn very far for help. His son, Alex, works with maps for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re both curious people,” said the younger Samarin. “Once the question is asked, we want to see what the answer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plotted coordinates for all the wastewater wells on top of the land approved for wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six out of the seven did fall within the allowable aquifer,” he said. “One was completely outside of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant an oil company was putting its wastewater into a protected aquifer that was supposed to be off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just stunned,” recalls Bill. “It was like: is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water? Can you imagine that that actually occurs in California in this day and age?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1077\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wastewater injection well in San Joaquin County. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He decided to take it to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Tulare County held hearings about whether to allow the oil operation near Samarin’s orchard to expand, and he filed an appeal against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanted the county to know about the mistake: that regulators with the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> had permitted a wastewater well that it shouldn’t have. Over a decade, it had pumped 80 million gallons of wastewater into the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Samarin presented his report, going over everything he and his son had found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Produced water associated with oil production can contain many constituents that may endanger the environment or the public health,” he testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the meeting was opened for comments, Burton Ellison, a recently-retired regulator with DOGGR, challenged Samarin’s findings, calling them untrue. “Every one of those wells went through a rigorous review,” Ellison told the hearing. “As a matter of fact, I reviewed some of them back in 2008.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, county supervisors denied Samarin’s appeal, stating that regulating wastewater was the state’s job, not theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin let it drop for the time being. “I left it to other contacts,” he said. “The state water board knew about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It looks like a completely broken system.’\u003ccite>Briana Mordick, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Six months later, those state water regulators reviewing wastewater wells discovered that Samarin had been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ordered the errant injection well that Samarin had found be shut down. The oil company, Modus, Inc., responded that its wastewater didn’t contaminate the aquifer because it had the same salt level as the aquifer it was going into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Samarin didn’t know was that his wasn’t an isolated case. It was happening all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Broken System”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of wells spread all across the state that are potentially impacting clean drinking water,” says Briana Mordick of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators grant permits for wastewater injection wells, so knowing the boundaries between protected and unprotected aquifers is crucial. But for decades, Mordick says, state regulators confused those boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pretty shocking state of affairs,” says Mordick. “Just poor communication, poor record-keeping. It looks like a completely broken system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our records weren’t solid,” admits Teresa Schilling, a spokesperson for the division of oil and gas. “They were missing in many cases and it’s essential that we have accurate records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn some cases, the aquifer maps were decades old with fuzzy boundaries. In other cases, the records regulators used to make decisions were mixed up 30 years ago. The Environmental Protection Agency had a complete list of the protected aquifers, but for unknown reasons, California oil regulators were working from an incomplete list that didn’t include 11 protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the public has concern about what’s at stake with their drinking water,” says Schilling. “We all know we have a right to clean drinking water and we have a right to expect that our government will take care of that for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What regulators are doing now, Schilling says, is reviewing records for thousands of wastewater injection wells, looking for mistakes. So far, about 175 wells have been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six years after the problems emerged, there are still hundreds of wastewater wells operating in protected aquifers, mostly in Kern and Tulare counties. Schilling says these aquifers aren’t drinking-water quality and the state is going through the process of approving them for wastewater disposal. That was supposed to happen by February, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the process is still unfinished\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“It’s very hard as a government entity to move fast but this has been a top priority at the Department of Conservation,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimal Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not fully understood is what impact all this has had on the quality of California’s drinking-water aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The testing that has been performed has been minimal, I would say,” says John Borkovich of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has tested some of the drinking water wells within a mile of the wastewater wells that were wrongly permitted. The tests looked at the quality of the drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkovich says officials have found no correlation between wastewater injection and “anything we’re finding in the water supply wells.” So far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because we haven’t seen anything, doesn’t mean there isn’t an issue out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next, bigger challenge is determining what the long-term impact of wastewater has been on the larger aquifers. Some wastewater wells have been operating for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked oil regulators for records showing contamination levels of the wastewater that oil companies put into the cleanest aquifers. Officials say they can’t produce those records for KQED, because the information is in stacks of paperwork, spread across several regional offices. They also say the division of oil and gas isn’t looking at that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how far back the permitting problems go, it could be a challenge for the state to reconstruct what’s happened underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t necessarily have good records of what the quality of that water would have been 20 years ago when they started doing this,” said NRDC’s Mordick. “So trying to figure out whether their actions have impacted the water is really difficult at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordick adds that the state may be overlooking certain chemicals in their testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the complicating things is that the state doesn’t require disclosure of most of the stuff that oil and gas operators use,” Mordick says. “Things like drilling fluids, or maintenance fluids, enhanced oil recovery operations, so really, we wouldn’t know what to test for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aquifers in question may not contain groundwater that California needs right now, but future droughts are inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those resources are becoming more and more valuable over time,” says Mordick. “Protecting our groundwater is really important. They need to follow the rules and California needs to step up and take this seriously because they haven’t been for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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