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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Discover Plants Not Seen on California's Channel Islands Before",
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"content": "\u003cp>Beginning in the early 1900s, scientists surveyed all the plants they could find on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/islandofthebluedolphins/san-nicolas.htm\">San Nicolas\u003c/a>, one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/chis/index.htm\">California’s eight Channel Islands\u003c/a>, off the coast of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 years later, researchers have discovered many plants never seen on the island before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Guilliams, a botanist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sbbg.org\">Santa Barbara Botanic Garden\u003c/a>, studies and catalogs the region’s plant biodiversity. At the garden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.sbbg.org/explore-garden/pritzlaff-conservation-center/herbarium\">Herbarium\u003c/a> -- a library for preserved plant specimens -- Guilliams shows off a specimen of \u003ca href=\"http://nativeplants.csuci.edu/cistanthe-maritima.htm\">seaside cistanthe\u003c/a> that he collected this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guilliams says he was on uninhabited San Nicolas Island looking around when he spotted a long-stemmed plant with bright purple flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a person with basically a deep love of California plants, I’ve always got my eyes open, and as we were walking around on the landscape, you can’t help but notice something that’s new,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-800x810.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Botanist Matt Guilliams shows off specimens in the Herbarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-800x810.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-1020x1033.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-1180x1195.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-960x972.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-240x243.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-375x380.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-520x527.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Botanist Matt Guilliams shows off specimens in the Herbarium. \u003ccite>(KCLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seaside cistanthe was previously known to grow on the other Channel Islands, in the Los Angeles basin and northwestern Baja California. But it had never been seen on San Nicolas Island until this past spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we discover something new ... for me, what that signifies is that we are taking a step forward in our knowledge of biodiversity and we can be that much better stewards to biodiversity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaside cistanthe is one of three native vascular -- or flowering -- plants discovered over the last two years on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosses -- or non-vascular plants -- are another thing altogether. Only 10 types had been catalogued on San Nicolas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Carter, a botanist at San Jose State University, was excited when he discovered two dozen more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630899\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"Soil crust of primarily Gemmabryum radiculosum, a moss recently found on San Nicolas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-800x587.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-1020x748.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-1180x865.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-960x704.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-240x176.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-375x275.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-520x381.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soil crust of primarily Gemmabryum radiculosum, a moss recently found on San Nicolas. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Santa Barbara Botanic Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Looking for mosses is a little bit different than flowering plants because we know a lot less. A lot of my work out there is just establishing a baseline of which species live there and which don’t,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter opens up an envelope that contains a sample of wispy, brownish green moss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ones are all still very much alive. So, if we put water on these, they would perk right back up. And we could just put them on a tabletop and they’d come right back to life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says mosses are vital for the ecosystem of the island because they form a soil crust that prevents erosion. One of them -- Tortella Humilis -- had never been seen in California before. Since San Nicolas is virtually untouched unlike the mainland, these discoveries paint an important picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see on the islands is probably very representative of what the coastal California ecosystems looked like prior to human disturbance. That’s really important because it helps us understand the impact we have on the environment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samples of these flowering plants and mosses are critical for conservation planning. They’ll undergo DNA analysis and will be stored at the Herbarium in Santa Barbara. Their data will be available online, so that it can be used by scientists all around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"datePublished": "2017-11-14T15:16:30-08:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://kclu.org/people/debra-greene#stream/0\">Debra Greene\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beginning in the early 1900s, scientists surveyed all the plants they could find on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/islandofthebluedolphins/san-nicolas.htm\">San Nicolas\u003c/a>, one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/chis/index.htm\">California’s eight Channel Islands\u003c/a>, off the coast of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 years later, researchers have discovered many plants never seen on the island before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Guilliams, a botanist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sbbg.org\">Santa Barbara Botanic Garden\u003c/a>, studies and catalogs the region’s plant biodiversity. At the garden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.sbbg.org/explore-garden/pritzlaff-conservation-center/herbarium\">Herbarium\u003c/a> -- a library for preserved plant specimens -- Guilliams shows off a specimen of \u003ca href=\"http://nativeplants.csuci.edu/cistanthe-maritima.htm\">seaside cistanthe\u003c/a> that he collected this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guilliams says he was on uninhabited San Nicolas Island looking around when he spotted a long-stemmed plant with bright purple flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a person with basically a deep love of California plants, I’ve always got my eyes open, and as we were walking around on the landscape, you can’t help but notice something that’s new,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-800x810.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Botanist Matt Guilliams shows off specimens in the Herbarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-800x810.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-1020x1033.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-1180x1195.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-960x972.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-240x243.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-375x380.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-520x527.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MattG-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Botanist Matt Guilliams shows off specimens in the Herbarium. \u003ccite>(KCLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seaside cistanthe was previously known to grow on the other Channel Islands, in the Los Angeles basin and northwestern Baja California. But it had never been seen on San Nicolas Island until this past spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we discover something new ... for me, what that signifies is that we are taking a step forward in our knowledge of biodiversity and we can be that much better stewards to biodiversity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaside cistanthe is one of three native vascular -- or flowering -- plants discovered over the last two years on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosses -- or non-vascular plants -- are another thing altogether. Only 10 types had been catalogued on San Nicolas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Carter, a botanist at San Jose State University, was excited when he discovered two dozen more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630899\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"Soil crust of primarily Gemmabryum radiculosum, a moss recently found on San Nicolas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-800x587.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-1020x748.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-1180x865.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-960x704.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-240x176.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-375x275.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/MossTho-520x381.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soil crust of primarily Gemmabryum radiculosum, a moss recently found on San Nicolas. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Santa Barbara Botanic Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Looking for mosses is a little bit different than flowering plants because we know a lot less. A lot of my work out there is just establishing a baseline of which species live there and which don’t,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter opens up an envelope that contains a sample of wispy, brownish green moss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ones are all still very much alive. So, if we put water on these, they would perk right back up. And we could just put them on a tabletop and they’d come right back to life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says mosses are vital for the ecosystem of the island because they form a soil crust that prevents erosion. One of them -- Tortella Humilis -- had never been seen in California before. Since San Nicolas is virtually untouched unlike the mainland, these discoveries paint an important picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see on the islands is probably very representative of what the coastal California ecosystems looked like prior to human disturbance. That’s really important because it helps us understand the impact we have on the environment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samples of these flowering plants and mosses are critical for conservation planning. They’ll undergo DNA analysis and will be stored at the Herbarium in Santa Barbara. Their data will be available online, so that it can be used by scientists all around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Benicia Still Looking for Answers From Valero Six Months After Refinery Outage",
"title": "Benicia Still Looking for Answers From Valero Six Months After Refinery Outage",
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"content": "\u003cp>When a massive refinery \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outage \u003c/a>sent flames, black smoke and toxic gas shooting into the sky from Valero's Benicia plant in May, the city's mayor said the local government had little information about what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Mayor Elizabeth Patterson called for the city to develop regulations that would give Benicia more oversight over the oil giant it hosts. She proposed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulations \u003c/a>similar to those in Contra Costa County, home to several refineries, that require oil refining facilities to undergo safety audits and share their risk management plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules would be part of an Industrial Safety Ordinance (ISO) that would require Valero to provide Benicia with more data about its plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six months after one of the Bay Area's worst refinery malfunctions in the last five years, the refinery oversight measure has not moved through the City Council. And according to Mayor Patterson and Councilman Steve Young, Valero has not provided the city with enough information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fZbVsiaeEkDeTHZLLBtT60TOBvOw87uK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have given the council nothing. They have given the public nothing,\" said Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The City has still not received a report from Valero and has instead had to rely on media reports from KQED and others,\" Young said in an email. \"Significant questions remain unanswered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero rejects the notion that it has not been forthcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We find Mayor Patterson's statements puzzling,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email. \"We've been very up front and open with the city as well as other regulators about what we know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The May 5 outage led to shelter-in-place and evacuation orders throughout the city, and at least a dozen people sought medical treatment for breathing difficulties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/23/epa-demands-answers-from-valero-months-after-massive-benicia-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released \u003c/a>more than 80,00 pounds of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/12/valero-outage-sent-37-tons-of-toxic-gas-into-air-over-two-weeks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sulfur dioxide\u003c/a> on the day of the outage and in the weeks afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two investigations, one by California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and another by the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/23/solano-county-probe-finds-no-violations-in-valero-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solano County\u003c/a> Environmental Health Division, cleared Valero of wrongdoing. Another probe, by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, is yet to be completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials became aware of the county's investigative findings only after KQED obtained them and asked for a comment, according to Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rJwBRQr4mTwFnYwTMiDM8ZuJuzBxgVbe\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor says an industrial safety ordinance would get the city that kind of information directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson and a coalition of local environmental and community groups want the city to move forward on an industrial safety ordinance. A \u003ca href=\"http://beniciaindependent.com/iso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town hall\u003c/a> meeting to educate the public on the proposal is scheduled for Tuesday night (Nov. 14).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would allow Benicia to audit Valero's safety plans and take part in inspections of its refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is lobbying against the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A local ISO would not have prevented this power outage,\" Don Wilson, the refinery's vice president and general manager, wrote the City Council in a letter in June. \"A local ISO will be costly and duplicative of existing state and local programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has blamed Pacific Gas and Electric and has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/valero-sues-pge-for-reckless-outage-at-benicia-refinery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued \u003c/a>the San Francisco-based utility, seeking $75 million in damages and lost revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's remember, PG&E abruptly shut off all power to the refinery without any notice,\" said Riojas, the Valero spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DEYGj9hLl1JvfQF7uKjdXVkFJdWNLTKQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E hired a third party to investigate the outage. That report has been submitted to the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October California adopted \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/new-regulations-improve-safety-at-oil-refineries/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new statewide refinery oversight regulations\u003c/a>. Refineries are now required to adopt safety designs and systems, conduct periodic workplace safety culture assessments and investigate causes of serious refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilman Young, Councilman Tom Campbell and Terry Schmidtbauer, assistant director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management, which conducts audits on the refinery, say they're unclear on whether a city ordinance would add anything that the state's new rules don't already cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An ISO may be a great idea but I don't want it to somehow get in the road of other already existing state and federal regulations,\" said Campbell in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My only hesitation revolves around my desire not to have an ordinance that overlaps with recent Cal-OSHA requirements,\" said Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Patterson says a local ordinance would go further: It would require Valero to report information directly to the city about a refinery malfunction and the company's proposed actions to prevent a similar incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ISO would give us a seat at the table,\" Patterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday's town hall meeting takes place at the Benicia Public Library at 7 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a massive refinery \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outage \u003c/a>sent flames, black smoke and toxic gas shooting into the sky from Valero's Benicia plant in May, the city's mayor said the local government had little information about what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Mayor Elizabeth Patterson called for the city to develop regulations that would give Benicia more oversight over the oil giant it hosts. She proposed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulations \u003c/a>similar to those in Contra Costa County, home to several refineries, that require oil refining facilities to undergo safety audits and share their risk management plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules would be part of an Industrial Safety Ordinance (ISO) that would require Valero to provide Benicia with more data about its plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six months after one of the Bay Area's worst refinery malfunctions in the last five years, the refinery oversight measure has not moved through the City Council. And according to Mayor Patterson and Councilman Steve Young, Valero has not provided the city with enough information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have given the council nothing. They have given the public nothing,\" said Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The City has still not received a report from Valero and has instead had to rely on media reports from KQED and others,\" Young said in an email. \"Significant questions remain unanswered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero rejects the notion that it has not been forthcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We find Mayor Patterson's statements puzzling,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email. \"We've been very up front and open with the city as well as other regulators about what we know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The May 5 outage led to shelter-in-place and evacuation orders throughout the city, and at least a dozen people sought medical treatment for breathing difficulties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/23/epa-demands-answers-from-valero-months-after-massive-benicia-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released \u003c/a>more than 80,00 pounds of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/12/valero-outage-sent-37-tons-of-toxic-gas-into-air-over-two-weeks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sulfur dioxide\u003c/a> on the day of the outage and in the weeks afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two investigations, one by California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and another by the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/23/solano-county-probe-finds-no-violations-in-valero-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solano County\u003c/a> Environmental Health Division, cleared Valero of wrongdoing. Another probe, by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, is yet to be completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials became aware of the county's investigative findings only after KQED obtained them and asked for a comment, according to Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor says an industrial safety ordinance would get the city that kind of information directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson and a coalition of local environmental and community groups want the city to move forward on an industrial safety ordinance. A \u003ca href=\"http://beniciaindependent.com/iso/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town hall\u003c/a> meeting to educate the public on the proposal is scheduled for Tuesday night (Nov. 14).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would allow Benicia to audit Valero's safety plans and take part in inspections of its refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is lobbying against the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A local ISO would not have prevented this power outage,\" Don Wilson, the refinery's vice president and general manager, wrote the City Council in a letter in June. \"A local ISO will be costly and duplicative of existing state and local programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has blamed Pacific Gas and Electric and has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/valero-sues-pge-for-reckless-outage-at-benicia-refinery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued \u003c/a>the San Francisco-based utility, seeking $75 million in damages and lost revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's remember, PG&E abruptly shut off all power to the refinery without any notice,\" said Riojas, the Valero spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E hired a third party to investigate the outage. That report has been submitted to the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October California adopted \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/new-regulations-improve-safety-at-oil-refineries/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new statewide refinery oversight regulations\u003c/a>. Refineries are now required to adopt safety designs and systems, conduct periodic workplace safety culture assessments and investigate causes of serious refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilman Young, Councilman Tom Campbell and Terry Schmidtbauer, assistant director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management, which conducts audits on the refinery, say they're unclear on whether a city ordinance would add anything that the state's new rules don't already cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An ISO may be a great idea but I don't want it to somehow get in the road of other already existing state and federal regulations,\" said Campbell in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My only hesitation revolves around my desire not to have an ordinance that overlaps with recent Cal-OSHA requirements,\" said Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Patterson says a local ordinance would go further: It would require Valero to report information directly to the city about a refinery malfunction and the company's proposed actions to prevent a similar incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ISO would give us a seat at the table,\" Patterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday's town hall meeting takes place at the Benicia Public Library at 7 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A mountain lion was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/11/mountain-lion-in-san-francisco-neighborhood-tranquilized/\">captured in San Francisco’s Diamond Heights neighborhood\u003c/a> after one was spotted in Pacific Heights and China Beach near the Presidio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 82-pound cat was tranquilized, transported and released near Crystal Springs Reservoir on the peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013 lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB132\">SB 132\u003c/a>, which requires California wildlife officials use nonlethal methods to relocate mountain lions that do not pose “an imminent threat to public health or safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma Valley, founded in 1857, is considered the birthplace of California wine. The cavernous cellar, carved into a hill by Chinese laborers, has survived earthquakes, several owners and last month’s fires in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the black tree stumps and scorched hills right next to the winery’s buildings show just how close the flames came — less than 30 feet, says Tom Blackwood, general manager at Buena Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire could not have come any closer without hitting the buildings. Buena Vista was surrounded by flames,” says Blackwood, who credited firefighters with saving the winery, which withstood the fire untouched. “We are so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1127_slide-97fef5c6557e6855632fb4ee9ded5437b51b4843-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Blackwood, general manager for Buena Vista, stands in front of the winery’s cellar in Sonoma, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. Since the winery reopened two weeks ago, the number of visitors has dropped significantly, he said. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But since Buena Vista reopened a couple of weeks ago, Blackwood is facing another problem: a big drop in visitors. During the month before the fires began, Buena Vista saw 6,000 visitors, says Blackwood. But since the winery reopened about two weeks ago, only 500 visitors have shown up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the fires hadn’t happened we would probably see about 50 or more people here at the bar,” says Blackwood, gazing at the winery’s relatively quiet tasting room. “What do we have here, like six people now at the bar?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month’s fires in Northern California hit the wine country during peak tourist season. While some businesses burned, many others were forced to close temporarily because of lack of road access or bad air quality when the fires raged. Now that the danger has passed, wineries and restaurants across the region are open and want visitors to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the cancellations came from tourists who are not local, according to small businesses in Sonoma Valley — a region where burned hills, homes and cars can be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1175_slide-a0a1a658c750c4f61ffab3f3bfce2d1a27b48ebc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charred hills are near vineyards in Sonoma Valley, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. Local wineries such as Buena Vista were close to the flames. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once the fires were under control, we found that very few people had decided to return. There was initially a fear of the entire valley being burned,” says Hunt Bailie, who owns a small Segway and bicycle tour company with his wife in the town of Sonoma. He said about 90 percent of his tours were canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that most folks are interested in returning, but they think it might be too soon,” says Bailie. “Typically, October is the time when we can save all the pennies until spring, but that month dried up for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the affected areas were “very limited,” news coverage all over the world mostly showed destruction from the fires, says Caroline Beteta, who heads Visit California, the organization tasked with attracting tourists to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”RX11kHRZI1YVXamaQzHFrBdheWljcq1D”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the imagery alone I would argue did more damage than the actual damage to the tourism infrastructure,” Beteta told a conference of wine marketers in Santa Rosa, the biggest city in Sonoma County. News images of charred houses and red glowing skies flashed behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Zahner, chief operations officer for Sonoma County Tourism, says most hotels and wineries in the county are fine, and are pouring in their tasting rooms today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weather is mild. You know if you’re in Chicago and it’s November and it’s snowing, out here it is not snowing. It’s gorgeous,” says Zahner, who was also attending the wine marketing conference. “It’s a good time to come visit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group and Beteta’s are trying to convince visitors to return to the region. Visit California launched a $2 million advertising campaign to bring back images of sunny vineyards and happy couples enjoying a glass of cabernet sauvignon — wine country images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11630563 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1140_slide-d7dd38dc95d4886ae44be2bda17ef2bce728eef0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill and Debbie Hart (front) from Springfield, Missouri, visit Buena Vista in Sonoma, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. “There’s been some devastation but so many of the wineries are still open for business and we wanted to do our part to help support them,” said Debbie. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Economist Robert Eyler says it’s too early to tell the economic impact of the fires on tourism. But he expects the county to overcome any downturn in visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brand of Sonoma and wine country is going to survive because the brand is very, very established,” says Eyler, a professor at Sonoma State University. “This is something that is a brand challenge in the short term. I would be flabbergasted if it was in the long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brand is something that local small business owners are counting on. People like Mingma Sherpa, who co-owns a Mexican restaurant about 2 miles from the fire line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigrant from Nepal estimates half of his customers are gone. Before the fires, at least one tour bus would stop here daily, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since that happened, most of them have canceled,” says Sherpa, adding that the sudden loss in revenue forced him to cut shifts for servers and other employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely tough. But this town is very special. So hopefully they’ll come back,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma Valley, founded in 1857, is considered the birthplace of California wine. The cavernous cellar, carved into a hill by Chinese laborers, has survived earthquakes, several owners and last month’s fires in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the black tree stumps and scorched hills right next to the winery’s buildings show just how close the flames came — less than 30 feet, says Tom Blackwood, general manager at Buena Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire could not have come any closer without hitting the buildings. Buena Vista was surrounded by flames,” says Blackwood, who credited firefighters with saving the winery, which withstood the fire untouched. “We are so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1127_slide-97fef5c6557e6855632fb4ee9ded5437b51b4843-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Blackwood, general manager for Buena Vista, stands in front of the winery’s cellar in Sonoma, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. Since the winery reopened two weeks ago, the number of visitors has dropped significantly, he said. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But since Buena Vista reopened a couple of weeks ago, Blackwood is facing another problem: a big drop in visitors. During the month before the fires began, Buena Vista saw 6,000 visitors, says Blackwood. But since the winery reopened about two weeks ago, only 500 visitors have shown up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the fires hadn’t happened we would probably see about 50 or more people here at the bar,” says Blackwood, gazing at the winery’s relatively quiet tasting room. “What do we have here, like six people now at the bar?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month’s fires in Northern California hit the wine country during peak tourist season. While some businesses burned, many others were forced to close temporarily because of lack of road access or bad air quality when the fires raged. Now that the danger has passed, wineries and restaurants across the region are open and want visitors to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the cancellations came from tourists who are not local, according to small businesses in Sonoma Valley — a region where burned hills, homes and cars can be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1175_slide-a0a1a658c750c4f61ffab3f3bfce2d1a27b48ebc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charred hills are near vineyards in Sonoma Valley, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. Local wineries such as Buena Vista were close to the flames. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once the fires were under control, we found that very few people had decided to return. There was initially a fear of the entire valley being burned,” says Hunt Bailie, who owns a small Segway and bicycle tour company with his wife in the town of Sonoma. He said about 90 percent of his tours were canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that most folks are interested in returning, but they think it might be too soon,” says Bailie. “Typically, October is the time when we can save all the pennies until spring, but that month dried up for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the affected areas were “very limited,” news coverage all over the world mostly showed destruction from the fires, says Caroline Beteta, who heads Visit California, the organization tasked with attracting tourists to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the imagery alone I would argue did more damage than the actual damage to the tourism infrastructure,” Beteta told a conference of wine marketers in Santa Rosa, the biggest city in Sonoma County. News images of charred houses and red glowing skies flashed behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Zahner, chief operations officer for Sonoma County Tourism, says most hotels and wineries in the county are fine, and are pouring in their tasting rooms today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weather is mild. You know if you’re in Chicago and it’s November and it’s snowing, out here it is not snowing. It’s gorgeous,” says Zahner, who was also attending the wine marketing conference. “It’s a good time to come visit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group and Beteta’s are trying to convince visitors to return to the region. Visit California launched a $2 million advertising campaign to bring back images of sunny vineyards and happy couples enjoying a glass of cabernet sauvignon — wine country images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11630563 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/img_1140_slide-d7dd38dc95d4886ae44be2bda17ef2bce728eef0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill and Debbie Hart (front) from Springfield, Missouri, visit Buena Vista in Sonoma, California, on Nov. 7, 2017. “There’s been some devastation but so many of the wineries are still open for business and we wanted to do our part to help support them,” said Debbie. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Economist Robert Eyler says it’s too early to tell the economic impact of the fires on tourism. But he expects the county to overcome any downturn in visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brand of Sonoma and wine country is going to survive because the brand is very, very established,” says Eyler, a professor at Sonoma State University. “This is something that is a brand challenge in the short term. I would be flabbergasted if it was in the long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brand is something that local small business owners are counting on. People like Mingma Sherpa, who co-owns a Mexican restaurant about 2 miles from the fire line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigrant from Nepal estimates half of his customers are gone. Before the fires, at least one tour bus would stop here daily, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since that happened, most of them have canceled,” says Sherpa, adding that the sudden loss in revenue forced him to cut shifts for servers and other employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely tough. But this town is very special. So hopefully they’ll come back,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A state judge Wednesday recommended that California's largest utility be allowed to increase customer rates by nearly $200 million for costs tied to the planned closing of the state's last operating nuclear plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the plan for the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant is expected to add a few pennies a month to bills for Pacific Gas & Electric Co. customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed decision by California Public Utilities Commission Administrative Law Judge Peter V. Allen trimmed tens of millions of dollars from the request from PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility asked for $360 million for employee retention and training, which the judge cut to about $170 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge also set aside a plan to use $85 million for assistance for local governments, saying it would require legislative authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question before this commission is not whether there will be economic impacts, or even the potential size and scope of those impacts, but rather whether PG&E ratepayers should pay to mitigate these impacts,\" the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility's proposal stems from a 2016 agreement between PG&E and environmental groups to close Diablo Canyon, located midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission could consider the judge's proposal in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a statement it disagreed with the judge's decision to cut the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility said the judge's recommendation \"differs in regards to certain key areas, including the employee, community and energy replacement programs. PG&E strongly disagrees with these proposed adjustments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility's proposal is separate from the multibillion-dollar plan to decommission Diablo Canyon, under which the site would eventually be dismantled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twin-reactor plant has been operating commercially since the mid-1980s, supplying power to about 3 million homes in Northern and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge endorsed the schedule to retire the reactors, Unit 1 in 2024 and Unit 2 in 2025, when their federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission operating licenses expire. He wrote it provides \"a reasonable amount of time for the transition process.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question before this commission is not whether there will be economic impacts, or even the potential size and scope of those impacts, but rather whether PG&E ratepayers should pay to mitigate these impacts,\" the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility's proposal stems from a 2016 agreement between PG&E and environmental groups to close Diablo Canyon, located midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission could consider the judge's proposal in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a statement it disagreed with the judge's decision to cut the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility said the judge's recommendation \"differs in regards to certain key areas, including the employee, community and energy replacement programs. PG&E strongly disagrees with these proposed adjustments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility's proposal is separate from the multibillion-dollar plan to decommission Diablo Canyon, under which the site would eventually be dismantled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twin-reactor plant has been operating commercially since the mid-1980s, supplying power to about 3 million homes in Northern and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge endorsed the schedule to retire the reactors, Unit 1 in 2024 and Unit 2 in 2025, when their federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission operating licenses expire. He wrote it provides \"a reasonable amount of time for the transition process.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Raised by the River in Forks of Salmon, California",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>A lot of us Californians like to hit the open road, explore miles of highway and venture off onto some back roads. Sometimes, we come across towns with some pretty bizarre and surprising names. For this installment in our series “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/a-place-called-what/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Place Called What?!\u003c/a>” we head to Forks of Salmon, California. Know an unusual place name in California? Tell us about it in the comments below, or send a note to calreport@kqed.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forks of Salmon, California is nestled in between Arcata and Mt. Shasta in the far northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kind of smack in the middle nowhere,” says native son Rush Sturges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, it’s in the middle of the North and South Fork of the Salmon River, hence the name Forks of Salmon. Growing up surrounded by all that water had a big influence on Sturges’ life and livelihood.\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/11/ForksofSalmon.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27916_Flickr_USFS-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" Title=\"Raised by the River in Forks of Salmon, California\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was a sailor, and he ended up getting into whitewater kayaking back in the ’70s,” Sturges explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started a \u003ca href=\"http://otterbar.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">small school\u003c/a> [in Forks] for teaching people kayaking and mountain biking and adventure-driven sports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that young Rush learned how to kayak, and his love for adventure sports bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he is a professional kayaker and \u003ca href=\"https://river-roots.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adventure sport filmmaker\u003c/a> who travels around the world riding and filming rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11629212 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Rush Sturges and his dad in Forks of Salmon. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rush Sturges)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the harsh, natural landscape that Sturges loves doesn’t exactly make it easy on visitors who might want to visit Forks of Salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The road also scares people away from going there,” Sturges says laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s one lane [where] it’s just like Himalayan-style driving… A couple hundred foot drop off to your side. And in the winter when it’s icy and scary, it keeps the keeps the crowd away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”timivXPJ4mU6Yt3ZqyEkAQNhC4wzjOFH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are definitely no crowds in Forks of Salmon with a population that barely cracks triple digits. Sturges went to school in a one-room schoolhouse with 10 other kids. Everybody has to generate their own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up in an environment where everybody is in one room together,” Sturges says, “I think it was actually awesome. I feel like it made me able to get along with people easier, and overall I just really loved it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/195565422\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sturges thanks Forks of Salmon for the life he has now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know I’m super super lucky. I don’t think there’s any way that I would have been able to sort of find this path had I not grown up in a place like Forks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sturges now lives and works in White Salmon, Washington, but his parents still live in Forks. He sees himself going back there one day, when he’s done working, to settle down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a certain type of person to be able to to live in that kind of environment in that sort of location,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For our ‘A Place Called What?!’ series, we head to Forks of Salmon, where the river has always been a guiding force in the life of native son Rush Sturges.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>A lot of us Californians like to hit the open road, explore miles of highway and venture off onto some back roads. Sometimes, we come across towns with some pretty bizarre and surprising names. For this installment in our series “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/a-place-called-what/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Place Called What?!\u003c/a>” we head to Forks of Salmon, California. Know an unusual place name in California? Tell us about it in the comments below, or send a note to calreport@kqed.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forks of Salmon, California is nestled in between Arcata and Mt. Shasta in the far northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kind of smack in the middle nowhere,” says native son Rush Sturges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, it’s in the middle of the North and South Fork of the Salmon River, hence the name Forks of Salmon. Growing up surrounded by all that water had a big influence on Sturges’ life and livelihood.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was a sailor, and he ended up getting into whitewater kayaking back in the ’70s,” Sturges explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started a \u003ca href=\"http://otterbar.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">small school\u003c/a> [in Forks] for teaching people kayaking and mountain biking and adventure-driven sports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that young Rush learned how to kayak, and his love for adventure sports bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he is a professional kayaker and \u003ca href=\"https://river-roots.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adventure sport filmmaker\u003c/a> who travels around the world riding and filming rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11629212 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27915_11058636_850330615044983_2471646603678884961_n-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Rush Sturges and his dad in Forks of Salmon. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rush Sturges)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the harsh, natural landscape that Sturges loves doesn’t exactly make it easy on visitors who might want to visit Forks of Salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The road also scares people away from going there,” Sturges says laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s one lane [where] it’s just like Himalayan-style driving… A couple hundred foot drop off to your side. And in the winter when it’s icy and scary, it keeps the keeps the crowd away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are definitely no crowds in Forks of Salmon with a population that barely cracks triple digits. Sturges went to school in a one-room schoolhouse with 10 other kids. Everybody has to generate their own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up in an environment where everybody is in one room together,” Sturges says, “I think it was actually awesome. I feel like it made me able to get along with people easier, and overall I just really loved it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/195565422\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sturges thanks Forks of Salmon for the life he has now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know I’m super super lucky. I don’t think there’s any way that I would have been able to sort of find this path had I not grown up in a place like Forks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sturges now lives and works in White Salmon, Washington, but his parents still live in Forks. He sees himself going back there one day, when he’s done working, to settle down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a certain type of person to be able to to live in that kind of environment in that sort of location,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Cracks Down On Weed Killer As Lawsuits Abound",
"title": "California Cracks Down On Weed Killer As Lawsuits Abound",
"headTitle": "Kaiser Health News | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Jack McCall was a fixture at the local farmers market, where he sold avocados and other fruits he grew on his 20-acre ranch in Cambria, on California’s Central Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. postal worker and Little League coach was “very environmentally friendly,” said Teri McCall, his wife of 41 years. He avoided chemicals, using only his tractor-mower to root out the thistle and other weeds that continually sprouted on the flat areas of the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did make one exception to that rule — a fateful one, his wife now believes. For more than three decades, on the hilly parts of the ranch where he grew the avocados, and around newly planted fruit trees, Jack donned a backpack sprayer and doused weeds with the widely sold herbicide Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He believed Roundup was safe,” Teri McCall said, noting that St. Louis-based Monsanto Co. has regularly touted its flagship product as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJboNdWoFws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">harmless to people and pets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the McCalls’ 6-year-old dog, Duke, who regularly accompanied Jack around the farm, fell ill with swollen lymph nodes in his neck and died shortly afterward of lymphoma — a type of blood cancer. Three years later, Jack discovered swollen lymph nodes in his own neck, Teri said. The diagnosis: a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which killed him on Dec. 26, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought, ‘That’s kind of a coincidence that they both got lumps in their neck,’” Teri recalled. “Then I thought about all the time Duke spent sticking his nose in grass that had been sprayed with Roundup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2016, McCall filed a \u003ca href=\"http://baumhedlundlaw.com/pdf/monsanto-documents/Teri-McCall-Monsanto-Roundup-Lawsuit-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrongful death lawsuit\u003c/a> against Monsanto, alleging that the company concealed the cancer risk posed by a chemical called “glyphosate,” the active ingredient in Roundup, which she now blames for the deaths of her husband and their dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of similar lawsuits are pending in federal and state courthouses around the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto vigorously contests them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be clear: The underlying science behind glyphosate is not at question,” said Scott Partridge, the company’s vice president of global strategy. “Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicides have a long history of safe use and have been studied in real-world application, including the largest study ever of the actual use of pesticides by farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto’s Partridge contended that “cherry-picking isolated documents out of context is an attempt by the plaintiffs’ attorneys in pending litigation to distract from the science, which is not on their side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of glyphosate has grown exponentially in the past two decades. The chemical has found its way into the food chain — and into people’s bodies. A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2658306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published this week in the medical journal JAMA showed that the number of Southern California adults who tested positive for glyphosate in their urine rose dramatically from 1993 to 2016, as did the amount of the chemical in those who excreted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, California added glyphosate to its list of cancer-causing chemicals under the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986.\u003c/a> The act, also known as Proposition 65, requires businesses to warn consumers if their products or facilities contain potentially unsafe amounts of any toxic substances known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first state in the U.S. to “take regulatory action to protect our residents from this chemical,” said Olga Naidenko, senior science adviser for the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization. The move is “a huge step and has global implications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, which is responsible for listing chemicals under Proposition 65, has proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/glyphosate032917isor.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threshold\u003c/a> of 1.1 milligrams of glyphosate a day for an adult weighing 70 kilograms, or 154 pounds. That’s about 122 times more stringent than the federal Environmental Protection Agency’s safety guideline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency is studying more than 1,300 written public comments, along with oral testimony from a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/060717glyphosatetranscript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">June hearing\u003c/a>, to decide whether it should implement or revise its proposed limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prop. 65 listing requires warning labels beginning next July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies, including Dow AgroSciences and DuPont, also sell products containing glyphosate, since Monsanto’s patent expired in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s decision to list the chemical was triggered by a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/MonographVolume112.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the World Health Organization that described the chemical as “probably carcinogenic to humans” and cited “convincing evidence that glyphosate also can cause cancer in laboratory animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer found a “positive association” between exposure to glyphosate and malignancy in humans, though it added that other explanations could not be excluded. In particular, the international agency found a possible link to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the type of cancer that killed Jack McCall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto sued in state Superior Court to overrule the California listing but \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-roundup-california-20170314-story.html\">lost in March\u003c/a>, and it has appealed that decision. Its bid to temporarily halt the cancer listing pending trial was rejected by a state appellate court and the California Supreme Court. The company says that labeling glyphosate a cancer risk is unjustified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It argues that the International Agency for Research on Cancer erred by neglecting to consider data suggesting no link between glyphosate and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. That research was in an unpublished part of the multiyear and multifaceted \u003ca href=\"https://aghealth.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Health Study\u003c/a>, which assesses the effects of pesticide exposure on farmers. The international cancer agency, an independent panel of scientists, said it weighs only published, peer-reviewed studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies also have failed to establish a convincing link between glyphosate and cancer. Earlier this year, the European Union’s chemical safety regulator determined there was \u003ca href=\"https://echa.europa.eu/-/glyphosate-not-classified-as-a-carcinogen-by-echa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not sufficient evidence\u003c/a> to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, though it did say the compound could cause eye damage and long-term harm to aquatic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the international cancer agency, which said it examined about 1,000 studies, determined there was enough information to support its finding of a link between glyphosate and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for farmers say California’s plan to require warning labels for glyphosate-based products is wrong-headed. At a June hearing, Cynthia Cory, environmental affairs director for the nonprofit California Farm Bureau Federation, told the board of the health hazard assessment agency that the herbicide is an important tool for farmers. It ultimately benefits the environment, she said, because “it allows us to reduce our tractor passes, which means you have cleaner air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michelle Perro, a pediatrician who treats children for glyphosate exposure, offered the board a different viewpoint. “What I am seeing is sicker kids,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research suggests that Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides may be linked not only to cancer but to a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1416\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other health problems\u003c/a>. Recent studies link the compound to DNA and chromosomal damage in human cells, kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, intestinal disorders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celiac disease\u003c/a> and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 250 million pounds of glyphosate were sprayed on U.S. crops in 2014, a ninefold increase in just under two decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-016-0070-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study\u003c/a> in the journal Environmental Sciences Europe. Two-thirds of all the glyphosate used in the U.S. during the 40 years from 1974 to 2014 was sprayed in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to live next to farm fields to be exposed to it, said Dr. Paul Winchester, a clinical professor of neonatology at Indiana University School of Medicine and medical director of the neonatal unit at Franciscan St. Francis Health in Indianapolis. “It turns out it’s in almost every [non-organic] food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns him in light of a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that suggests chromosomal damage caused by pesticides has the potential to embed in DNA and get passed down to future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teri McCall said she applauds California’s decision to list glyphosate as a carcinogen and hopes it will help protect others from the kind of loss she’s suffered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her husband’s death, “it’s kind of like my life of living color has gone to black-and-white,” she said. “My life with Jack was just so full of joy and laughter and fun, and this has just left a huge void. … Every day is just a series of efforts to escape the loss and there’s just no escaping it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jack McCall was a fixture at the local farmers market, where he sold avocados and other fruits he grew on his 20-acre ranch in Cambria, on California’s Central Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. postal worker and Little League coach was “very environmentally friendly,” said Teri McCall, his wife of 41 years. He avoided chemicals, using only his tractor-mower to root out the thistle and other weeds that continually sprouted on the flat areas of the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did make one exception to that rule — a fateful one, his wife now believes. For more than three decades, on the hilly parts of the ranch where he grew the avocados, and around newly planted fruit trees, Jack donned a backpack sprayer and doused weeds with the widely sold herbicide Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He believed Roundup was safe,” Teri McCall said, noting that St. Louis-based Monsanto Co. has regularly touted its flagship product as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJboNdWoFws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">harmless to people and pets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the McCalls’ 6-year-old dog, Duke, who regularly accompanied Jack around the farm, fell ill with swollen lymph nodes in his neck and died shortly afterward of lymphoma — a type of blood cancer. Three years later, Jack discovered swollen lymph nodes in his own neck, Teri said. The diagnosis: a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which killed him on Dec. 26, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought, ‘That’s kind of a coincidence that they both got lumps in their neck,’” Teri recalled. “Then I thought about all the time Duke spent sticking his nose in grass that had been sprayed with Roundup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2016, McCall filed a \u003ca href=\"http://baumhedlundlaw.com/pdf/monsanto-documents/Teri-McCall-Monsanto-Roundup-Lawsuit-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrongful death lawsuit\u003c/a> against Monsanto, alleging that the company concealed the cancer risk posed by a chemical called “glyphosate,” the active ingredient in Roundup, which she now blames for the deaths of her husband and their dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of similar lawsuits are pending in federal and state courthouses around the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto vigorously contests them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be clear: The underlying science behind glyphosate is not at question,” said Scott Partridge, the company’s vice president of global strategy. “Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicides have a long history of safe use and have been studied in real-world application, including the largest study ever of the actual use of pesticides by farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto’s Partridge contended that “cherry-picking isolated documents out of context is an attempt by the plaintiffs’ attorneys in pending litigation to distract from the science, which is not on their side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of glyphosate has grown exponentially in the past two decades. The chemical has found its way into the food chain — and into people’s bodies. A \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2658306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published this week in the medical journal JAMA showed that the number of Southern California adults who tested positive for glyphosate in their urine rose dramatically from 1993 to 2016, as did the amount of the chemical in those who excreted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, California added glyphosate to its list of cancer-causing chemicals under the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986.\u003c/a> The act, also known as Proposition 65, requires businesses to warn consumers if their products or facilities contain potentially unsafe amounts of any toxic substances known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first state in the U.S. to “take regulatory action to protect our residents from this chemical,” said Olga Naidenko, senior science adviser for the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization. The move is “a huge step and has global implications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, which is responsible for listing chemicals under Proposition 65, has proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/glyphosate032917isor.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threshold\u003c/a> of 1.1 milligrams of glyphosate a day for an adult weighing 70 kilograms, or 154 pounds. That’s about 122 times more stringent than the federal Environmental Protection Agency’s safety guideline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency is studying more than 1,300 written public comments, along with oral testimony from a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/060717glyphosatetranscript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">June hearing\u003c/a>, to decide whether it should implement or revise its proposed limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prop. 65 listing requires warning labels beginning next July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies, including Dow AgroSciences and DuPont, also sell products containing glyphosate, since Monsanto’s patent expired in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s decision to list the chemical was triggered by a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/MonographVolume112.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the World Health Organization that described the chemical as “probably carcinogenic to humans” and cited “convincing evidence that glyphosate also can cause cancer in laboratory animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer found a “positive association” between exposure to glyphosate and malignancy in humans, though it added that other explanations could not be excluded. In particular, the international agency found a possible link to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the type of cancer that killed Jack McCall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto sued in state Superior Court to overrule the California listing but \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-roundup-california-20170314-story.html\">lost in March\u003c/a>, and it has appealed that decision. Its bid to temporarily halt the cancer listing pending trial was rejected by a state appellate court and the California Supreme Court. The company says that labeling glyphosate a cancer risk is unjustified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It argues that the International Agency for Research on Cancer erred by neglecting to consider data suggesting no link between glyphosate and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. That research was in an unpublished part of the multiyear and multifaceted \u003ca href=\"https://aghealth.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Health Study\u003c/a>, which assesses the effects of pesticide exposure on farmers. The international cancer agency, an independent panel of scientists, said it weighs only published, peer-reviewed studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies also have failed to establish a convincing link between glyphosate and cancer. Earlier this year, the European Union’s chemical safety regulator determined there was \u003ca href=\"https://echa.europa.eu/-/glyphosate-not-classified-as-a-carcinogen-by-echa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not sufficient evidence\u003c/a> to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, though it did say the compound could cause eye damage and long-term harm to aquatic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the international cancer agency, which said it examined about 1,000 studies, determined there was enough information to support its finding of a link between glyphosate and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for farmers say California’s plan to require warning labels for glyphosate-based products is wrong-headed. At a June hearing, Cynthia Cory, environmental affairs director for the nonprofit California Farm Bureau Federation, told the board of the health hazard assessment agency that the herbicide is an important tool for farmers. It ultimately benefits the environment, she said, because “it allows us to reduce our tractor passes, which means you have cleaner air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michelle Perro, a pediatrician who treats children for glyphosate exposure, offered the board a different viewpoint. “What I am seeing is sicker kids,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research suggests that Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides may be linked not only to cancer but to a variety of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1416\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other health problems\u003c/a>. Recent studies link the compound to DNA and chromosomal damage in human cells, kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, intestinal disorders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celiac disease\u003c/a> and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 250 million pounds of glyphosate were sprayed on U.S. crops in 2014, a ninefold increase in just under two decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-016-0070-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study\u003c/a> in the journal Environmental Sciences Europe. Two-thirds of all the glyphosate used in the U.S. during the 40 years from 1974 to 2014 was sprayed in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to live next to farm fields to be exposed to it, said Dr. Paul Winchester, a clinical professor of neonatology at Indiana University School of Medicine and medical director of the neonatal unit at Franciscan St. Francis Health in Indianapolis. “It turns out it’s in almost every [non-organic] food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns him in light of a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that suggests chromosomal damage caused by pesticides has the potential to embed in DNA and get passed down to future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teri McCall said she applauds California’s decision to list glyphosate as a carcinogen and hopes it will help protect others from the kind of loss she’s suffered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her husband’s death, “it’s kind of like my life of living color has gone to black-and-white,” she said. “My life with Jack was just so full of joy and laughter and fun, and this has just left a huge void. … Every day is just a series of efforts to escape the loss and there’s just no escaping it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=850.4.\">1963 law\u003c/a> blocks firefighting contractors from suing the state of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of private contractors help California battle wildfires, yet these contract workers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/08/a-1960s-law-blocks-firefighting-contractors-from-suing-state/\">get different protections\u003c/a> than state employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies that help Cal Fire battle wildfires are supposed to have current workers’ compensation coverage for their employees — but KQED has found three instances over the past year or so where that is not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>State authorities are investigating the fatal shooting of a protected southern sea otter that had been rescued and returned to the ocean last year, officials said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead otter was found floating in Morro Bay in September and a necropsy determined it was killed with a pellet gun, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A numbered tag identified the animal as an otter that had previously been found tangled in a fishing line. It was rehabilitated and returned to the wild in July 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killing was the latest in a rash of sea otter crimes along the stretch of coastline between San Francisco and Los Angeles, the department said. A skinned otter was found in September. Three otters were shot to death in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern sea otters, which are sometimes called California sea otters, are protected under the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act and California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violations for harming or harassing otters, or possessing their pelts or other body parts without permits, are punishable by fines up to $100,000 and potential imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rescue and rehabilitation of the Morro Bay otter that was later found dead involved Fish and Wildlife staff, the local harbor patrol, the Marine Mammal Center and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The senseless shooting of any sea otter is concerning,\" Mike Harris, a Fish and Wildlife environmental scientist who helped with the rescue, said in a statement. \"But to discover a case such as this, where a team of conservation organizations had already successfully treated the animal for a life-threatening entanglement, is exceptionally troubling and frustrating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were once several hundred thousand to more than a million sea otters worldwide but their numbers were devastated by the fur trade during the 18th and 19th centuries, the fish and wildlife department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's sea otter population was thought to have become extinct early in the 20th century until a tiny group was discovered along the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population has been counted annually under a standardized method since 1982. This year's survey tallied 3,186 otters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State authorities are investigating the fatal shooting of a protected southern sea otter that had been rescued and returned to the ocean last year, officials said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead otter was found floating in Morro Bay in September and a necropsy determined it was killed with a pellet gun, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A numbered tag identified the animal as an otter that had previously been found tangled in a fishing line. It was rehabilitated and returned to the wild in July 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killing was the latest in a rash of sea otter crimes along the stretch of coastline between San Francisco and Los Angeles, the department said. A skinned otter was found in September. Three otters were shot to death in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern sea otters, which are sometimes called California sea otters, are protected under the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act and California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violations for harming or harassing otters, or possessing their pelts or other body parts without permits, are punishable by fines up to $100,000 and potential imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rescue and rehabilitation of the Morro Bay otter that was later found dead involved Fish and Wildlife staff, the local harbor patrol, the Marine Mammal Center and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The senseless shooting of any sea otter is concerning,\" Mike Harris, a Fish and Wildlife environmental scientist who helped with the rescue, said in a statement. \"But to discover a case such as this, where a team of conservation organizations had already successfully treated the animal for a life-threatening entanglement, is exceptionally troubling and frustrating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were once several hundred thousand to more than a million sea otters worldwide but their numbers were devastated by the fur trade during the 18th and 19th centuries, the fish and wildlife department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's sea otter population was thought to have become extinct early in the 20th century until a tiny group was discovered along the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population has been counted annually under a standardized method since 1982. This year's survey tallied 3,186 otters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Ecologists Strike Back Against Invasive Green Crabs",
"title": "California Ecologists Strike Back Against Invasive Green Crabs",
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"content": "\u003cp>As far as crabs go, the European green crab might not look like much. They're small -- only about 4 inches wide -- and lack the giant claws of fiddler crabs or spindly limbs of king crabs. But don’t be fooled. Green crabs are voracious predators that rank among the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://rewilding.org/rewildit/images/IUCN-GISP.pdf\">worst invasive species\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate green crabs cost the fishing industry close to $19 million annually \u003ca href=\"https://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwAN/EE-0513-01.pdf/%24file/EE-0513-01.pdf\">on the East Coast alone\u003c/a>. And in recent years, they have been spotted along the West Coast from Monterey Bay to British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consortium of California ecologists, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/grosholz/GreenCrab/index.html\">Green Crab Project,\u003c/a> is striking back. The team has been removing thousands of European green crabs from a small inlet north of San Francisco called Seadrift Lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sleepy Marin County vacation spot holds the highest concentration of the invasive species on the West Coast. When the Green Crab Project launched in 2009, the crabs' population in Seadrift approached 90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/11/InvasiveCrabsArcuni.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27838_Green-Crab-1-uncropped-1920x1082.jpg\" Title=\"Ecologists Strike Back Against Invasive Green Crabs\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People around here tell stories about how they would walk into the lagoon or start swimming in the lagoon, and the crabs would be crawling over their feet and legs,” said Kate Bimrose, who coordinates the project for the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.org/\">Greater Farallones Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bimrose and her colleagues make weekly trips to Seadrift each summer, hauling out hundreds of crabs a day from traps off single-seat kayaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bimrose says green crabs pose a serious threat to commercial fisheries in the region because they decimate populations of native clams, mussels and other crabs. The ripple effects threaten the entire coastal food web, from Dungeness crab to large fish and shorebirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ecological and economic fallout has yet to reach the levels observed on the East Coast. But scientists like Ted Grosholz, whose lab at UC Davis is a major contributor to the Green Crab Project, believes it may only be a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They seem to be able to make their way into new places and then adapt to new conditions,” Grosholz said. “So there is the very real concern that the number of green crabs could increase dramatically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green crabs were first observed on the West Coast in San Francisco Bay in 1989. Researchers think they hitchhiked here in boxes of live fishing bait shipped from the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female European green crab gravid with eggs. Ecologists say a single female can disperse up to a million eggs over its life span. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once established, the crabs can spread to other bays in the ballast waters of ships or on currents in the larval state. And because Seadrift exchanges water with the adjacent Bolinas Lagoon -- which connects to a larger system of currents -- the crabs here have potential to fuel a much larger population boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grosholz says the removal efforts in Seadrift have been a proving ground for how to best control invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, after the team had removed most of the larger adult crabs from the lagoon, they saw the population skyrocket to over 300,000. It turns outs the adults cannibalize baby green crabs, keeping the population in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jYl1WBVonvGO08ORcrZn52Hj5RxIPFRN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we did was undertake a management method, to find it failed horribly,” Grosholz said. “So now we have a strong recommendation for future efforts to control species like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grosholz's findings help support an environmental theory known as overcompensation. The idea posits that controlling an invasive species can backfire unless it's possible to remove every individual at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team now leaves a number of adult crabs in the lagoon so the population can, in part, manage itself. Grosholz says introducing other predatory species like leopard sharks could also help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628300\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A plastic tub filled with green crabs pulled from Seadrift Lagoon one morning in August. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The population of green crabs in Seadrift has now dropped below 40,000. That's a much more manageable number, according to Grosholz -- though he admits there is still an element of “wait and worry” when it comes to the fate of the West Coast green crab invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy Chang, an ecologist with the Green Crab Project, likens the challenge of fending off the invasion to figuring out how to “put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of trial and error, Bimrose says they have begun to see the return of other species to Seadrift Lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we first started this project, there weren’t much in the way of other species. Pretty much everything you got was all green crabs,\" she said. This summer, the team started seeing a small number of shrimp and fish, and even a handful of other crabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens to the thousands of green crabs pulled from Seadrift each year? So far, their best use is as fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been told by the farm owners that the green crabs make for great crop fertilizer due to the large amounts of calcium in their exoskeleton combined with nitrogen in the tissue,\" said the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), which has a lab in Marin and participates in the Green Crab Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We like to call it a fully surf-to-turf project,\" Bimrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The ripple effects from their growing population threaten fisheries and the entire coastal food web — but scientists are figuring out how to fight them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As far as crabs go, the European green crab might not look like much. They're small -- only about 4 inches wide -- and lack the giant claws of fiddler crabs or spindly limbs of king crabs. But don’t be fooled. Green crabs are voracious predators that rank among the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://rewilding.org/rewildit/images/IUCN-GISP.pdf\">worst invasive species\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate green crabs cost the fishing industry close to $19 million annually \u003ca href=\"https://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwAN/EE-0513-01.pdf/%24file/EE-0513-01.pdf\">on the East Coast alone\u003c/a>. And in recent years, they have been spotted along the West Coast from Monterey Bay to British Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consortium of California ecologists, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/grosholz/GreenCrab/index.html\">Green Crab Project,\u003c/a> is striking back. The team has been removing thousands of European green crabs from a small inlet north of San Francisco called Seadrift Lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sleepy Marin County vacation spot holds the highest concentration of the invasive species on the West Coast. When the Green Crab Project launched in 2009, the crabs' population in Seadrift approached 90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People around here tell stories about how they would walk into the lagoon or start swimming in the lagoon, and the crabs would be crawling over their feet and legs,” said Kate Bimrose, who coordinates the project for the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.org/\">Greater Farallones Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bimrose and her colleagues make weekly trips to Seadrift each summer, hauling out hundreds of crabs a day from traps off single-seat kayaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bimrose says green crabs pose a serious threat to commercial fisheries in the region because they decimate populations of native clams, mussels and other crabs. The ripple effects threaten the entire coastal food web, from Dungeness crab to large fish and shorebirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ecological and economic fallout has yet to reach the levels observed on the East Coast. But scientists like Ted Grosholz, whose lab at UC Davis is a major contributor to the Green Crab Project, believes it may only be a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They seem to be able to make their way into new places and then adapt to new conditions,” Grosholz said. “So there is the very real concern that the number of green crabs could increase dramatically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green crabs were first observed on the West Coast in San Francisco Bay in 1989. Researchers think they hitchhiked here in boxes of live fishing bait shipped from the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27839_Gravid-Crab-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female European green crab gravid with eggs. Ecologists say a single female can disperse up to a million eggs over its life span. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once established, the crabs can spread to other bays in the ballast waters of ships or on currents in the larval state. And because Seadrift exchanges water with the adjacent Bolinas Lagoon -- which connects to a larger system of currents -- the crabs here have potential to fuel a much larger population boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grosholz says the removal efforts in Seadrift have been a proving ground for how to best control invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, after the team had removed most of the larger adult crabs from the lagoon, they saw the population skyrocket to over 300,000. It turns outs the adults cannibalize baby green crabs, keeping the population in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we did was undertake a management method, to find it failed horribly,” Grosholz said. “So now we have a strong recommendation for future efforts to control species like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grosholz's findings help support an environmental theory known as overcompensation. The idea posits that controlling an invasive species can backfire unless it's possible to remove every individual at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team now leaves a number of adult crabs in the lagoon so the population can, in part, manage itself. Grosholz says introducing other predatory species like leopard sharks could also help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11628300\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11628300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27840_DSCF2586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A plastic tub filled with green crabs pulled from Seadrift Lagoon one morning in August. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The population of green crabs in Seadrift has now dropped below 40,000. That's a much more manageable number, according to Grosholz -- though he admits there is still an element of “wait and worry” when it comes to the fate of the West Coast green crab invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy Chang, an ecologist with the Green Crab Project, likens the challenge of fending off the invasion to figuring out how to “put the toothpaste back in the tube.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of trial and error, Bimrose says they have begun to see the return of other species to Seadrift Lagoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we first started this project, there weren’t much in the way of other species. Pretty much everything you got was all green crabs,\" she said. This summer, the team started seeing a small number of shrimp and fish, and even a handful of other crabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens to the thousands of green crabs pulled from Seadrift each year? So far, their best use is as fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been told by the farm owners that the green crabs make for great crop fertilizer due to the large amounts of calcium in their exoskeleton combined with nitrogen in the tissue,\" said the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), which has a lab in Marin and participates in the Green Crab Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We like to call it a fully surf-to-turf project,\" Bimrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As Fires Approached, Some Wealthy North Bay Homeowners Got Extra Help",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update, Tuesday Nov. 7 12:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the nation’s largest insurance companies sent teams of retired firefighters into Napa and Sonoma counties to help protect several hundred homes of the wealthy during last month’s fire siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firms offer “wildfire protection units” for thousands of houses covered by more expensive homeowner insurance plans in several states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the service is offered to policyholders in a “private client group” managed by American International Group (AIG). That particular program insures 40 percent of the Forbes 400 richest Americans, according to Stephen Poux, the group’s global head of risk management services and loss prevention. The policies AIG has with the added service can cost more than $100,000 a year, Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIG began the practice in 2005 and several other companies, including Chubb Limited, USAA and Privilege Underwriters Reciprocal Exchange (PURE), have created plans since then. Some of the companies told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-wildfires-raged-insurers-sent-in-private-firefighters-to-protect-homes-of-the-wealthy-1509886801?mod=e2tw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> they get a jump in consumer interest when “homeowners see the special treatment received by their neighbors during big fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yHVZnFHTcK0DRhVzvD1nhsC3151oAMKI”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance plans provide teams made up of former firefighters with Cal Fire, the U.S. Forest Service and local fire departments to work with homeowners on ways to prevent wildfires from damaging or destroying their properties. The units suggest changes to landscaping and reduce brush near houses “so the home has the best possible chance to withstand the encroachment of a wildfire,” Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those teams also rush into neighborhoods as wildfires are beginning to threaten homes of customers with the wildfire coverage. The private crews move wood piles and barbecues away from homes, take out foam cushions from patio furniture, remove leaves from gutters and trim branches from nearby trees. They also set up sprinklers and apply fire retardant chemicals directly to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because a home is covered by the wildfire coverage doesn’t necessarily mean it’s saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chubb’s wildfire teams visited the homes of more than 250 policyholders in the recent Northern California wildfires, according to company spokesman Jeffrey Zack. The group worked to protect more than half of those properties, Zack said in an email. At least nine of those properties were saved, but Zack did not disclose how many homes were damaged or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means but for the actions taken by Chubb, the homes would have been lost,” Zack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”K5cFzA7MVOAd0GUtjhIiIYdoPFJzOo7l”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PURE’s wildfire risk team “took action” on more than 100 properties owned by its Northern California customers during last month’s blazes, Scott Spencer, a senior vice president of risk management at the company, said in an emailed statement Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team applied fire retardant to 30 percent of those properties that were in the direct path of fire, Spencer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a handful of homes were structurally compromised, the majority of the homes PURE served were saved due to the efforts of these crews,” said Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIG had multiple teams in the area that visited several hundred homes, but the company would not release specific data on how many were saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one insurance company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaa.com/inet/wc/faq_Enterprise_Wildfire_Response_Program_index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USAA\u003c/a>, offers the service to policyholders, regardless of the value of their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry emphasizes that its insurance wildfire units are not firefighters. “We do not respond to structure fires. That’s the job of the fire departments,” Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire says the presence of wildfire insurance units in big wildfire situations is increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing more during these major events, and more so within Napa and Sonoma counties,” Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire insurance teams are required to get permission from state fire officials to enter areas threatened by blazes, according to McLean, who added that the groups have to wear protective equipment and provide documents associated with their companies and the homes they plan to check on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ImTiBmBsS4kj3Bi85iySsLRVgM7dKbmf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can come when there’s an evacuation advisory or warning. However, when that turns into an evacuation order to leave, they must leave,” McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, Cal Fire wants the insurance company fire crews to stay in their lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re doing their job and taking fuel away from that fire, sure, that’s a help,” McLean said. “But … they need to stay on that property and take care of what they’re supposed to do. If they leave … and start going around the fire area, then no, they cannot do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are aware that some insurance companies offer extra wildfire protection but they do not have a full grasp of how prevalent the fire risk units are, according to Nancy Kincaid, press secretary for Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is part of a company’s rate/form filing, we do not track them or keep data on how many companies offer this type of coverage,” Kincaid said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consumer advocacy group wants the industry to spread the service around to more consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance companies have the knowledge, they have access to the technology and they have access to resources to make homes more resistant to damage,” said Amy Bach, executive director of United Policyholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want them to use that knowledge to benefit their policy holders, not just the few, but the many,” Bach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: A PURE representative had told KQED previously that the company’s wildfire risk team visited 81 homes in Northern California during last month’s blazes and three of those houses were destroyed. But, the company issued a revised statement on Tuesday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update, Tuesday Nov. 7 12:00 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the nation’s largest insurance companies sent teams of retired firefighters into Napa and Sonoma counties to help protect several hundred homes of the wealthy during last month’s fire siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firms offer “wildfire protection units” for thousands of houses covered by more expensive homeowner insurance plans in several states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the service is offered to policyholders in a “private client group” managed by American International Group (AIG). That particular program insures 40 percent of the Forbes 400 richest Americans, according to Stephen Poux, the group’s global head of risk management services and loss prevention. The policies AIG has with the added service can cost more than $100,000 a year, Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIG began the practice in 2005 and several other companies, including Chubb Limited, USAA and Privilege Underwriters Reciprocal Exchange (PURE), have created plans since then. Some of the companies told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-wildfires-raged-insurers-sent-in-private-firefighters-to-protect-homes-of-the-wealthy-1509886801?mod=e2tw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> they get a jump in consumer interest when “homeowners see the special treatment received by their neighbors during big fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance plans provide teams made up of former firefighters with Cal Fire, the U.S. Forest Service and local fire departments to work with homeowners on ways to prevent wildfires from damaging or destroying their properties. The units suggest changes to landscaping and reduce brush near houses “so the home has the best possible chance to withstand the encroachment of a wildfire,” Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those teams also rush into neighborhoods as wildfires are beginning to threaten homes of customers with the wildfire coverage. The private crews move wood piles and barbecues away from homes, take out foam cushions from patio furniture, remove leaves from gutters and trim branches from nearby trees. They also set up sprinklers and apply fire retardant chemicals directly to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because a home is covered by the wildfire coverage doesn’t necessarily mean it’s saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chubb’s wildfire teams visited the homes of more than 250 policyholders in the recent Northern California wildfires, according to company spokesman Jeffrey Zack. The group worked to protect more than half of those properties, Zack said in an email. At least nine of those properties were saved, but Zack did not disclose how many homes were damaged or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means but for the actions taken by Chubb, the homes would have been lost,” Zack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PURE’s wildfire risk team “took action” on more than 100 properties owned by its Northern California customers during last month’s blazes, Scott Spencer, a senior vice president of risk management at the company, said in an emailed statement Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team applied fire retardant to 30 percent of those properties that were in the direct path of fire, Spencer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a handful of homes were structurally compromised, the majority of the homes PURE served were saved due to the efforts of these crews,” said Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIG had multiple teams in the area that visited several hundred homes, but the company would not release specific data on how many were saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one insurance company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaa.com/inet/wc/faq_Enterprise_Wildfire_Response_Program_index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USAA\u003c/a>, offers the service to policyholders, regardless of the value of their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry emphasizes that its insurance wildfire units are not firefighters. “We do not respond to structure fires. That’s the job of the fire departments,” Poux said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire says the presence of wildfire insurance units in big wildfire situations is increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing more during these major events, and more so within Napa and Sonoma counties,” Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire insurance teams are required to get permission from state fire officials to enter areas threatened by blazes, according to McLean, who added that the groups have to wear protective equipment and provide documents associated with their companies and the homes they plan to check on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can come when there’s an evacuation advisory or warning. However, when that turns into an evacuation order to leave, they must leave,” McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, Cal Fire wants the insurance company fire crews to stay in their lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re doing their job and taking fuel away from that fire, sure, that’s a help,” McLean said. “But … they need to stay on that property and take care of what they’re supposed to do. If they leave … and start going around the fire area, then no, they cannot do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are aware that some insurance companies offer extra wildfire protection but they do not have a full grasp of how prevalent the fire risk units are, according to Nancy Kincaid, press secretary for Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is part of a company’s rate/form filing, we do not track them or keep data on how many companies offer this type of coverage,” Kincaid said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One consumer advocacy group wants the industry to spread the service around to more consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance companies have the knowledge, they have access to the technology and they have access to resources to make homes more resistant to damage,” said Amy Bach, executive director of United Policyholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want them to use that knowledge to benefit their policy holders, not just the few, but the many,” Bach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: A PURE representative had told KQED previously that the company’s wildfire risk team visited 81 homes in Northern California during last month’s blazes and three of those houses were destroyed. But, the company issued a revised statement on Tuesday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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