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"content": "\u003cp>The Southern California Gas Co. says a gas leak occurred at the Aliso Canyon Natural Gas Storage Facility in Porter Ranch just before 5 p.m. Monday night. This comes just two years after one of the nation's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/10/31/77195/lawsuits-costs-continue-to-mount-in-gas-leak/\">largest accidental gas leaks\u003c/a> at the same facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to San Fernando Valley residents, SoCal Gas says the gas leak happened during a routine operation to pressurize equipment. A gasket on the equipment did not function properly, resulting in an accidental release of natural gas for about 50 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas leak was detected on the fence-line monitoring system, and nearby residents were notified about 7:40 p.m. Monday, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Leak-Recently-Reported-at-Aliso-Canyon-465152843.html\">NBC LA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas says the leak \"did not present a health or safety risk to the community,\" but some people may have been able to smell the odor near the facility. More than 30 people reported symptoms such as headaches, nosebleeds and burning of the eyes and throat, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-aliso-leak-20171218-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in Porter Ranch say they experienced similar symptoms during the previous leak, which started in October 2015, lasted months and dumped some 5.4 billion cubic feet of methane into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fyTtDlEvynib6CQiXszZNvtZKRErzZps\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porter Ranch resident Lori Aivazian said she felt the effects of the gas release around 4:50 p.m. when she was outside doing errands at the Porter Ranch Town Center and when she arrived home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked in with a migraine headache, coughing, wheezing, short of breath, and nauseous,” she said in an email. “My daughter, home from college for winter break had a headache as well. I didn’t hear about the leak on social media until after 6:00 p.m. Headache stuck with me until midnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northridge resident Andrew Krowne is an accountant who works in Porter Ranch. He is one of those who experienced health symptoms while the well blowout was active from October 2015 through February 2016. He also gets the symptoms when new releases of gas occur at the Aliso Canyon field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have fatigue, headache, blurry vision. Those are kind of my telltale signs when I’m in the middle of that exposure,” Krowne said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on Jan. 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and others who live and work in Porter Ranch have been recording their symptoms on an app Krowne created called \u003ca href=\"https://environmentalhealthtracker.com/\">Environmental Health Tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tracker does not relay the information to health authorities, Krowne said, because the level of trust in the county Department of Public Health is low and because the department’s own reporting process is too cumbersome, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People began reporting symptoms such as burning eyes, coughing, fatigue, headache and nausea beginning at 4:48 p.m. Reports came from 26 locations by midnight, according to data collected by the app that Krowne provided to KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas declined to comment on the crowdsourced health tracker. The soil, air and dust samples collected by several agencies, including the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, shows that “there was and is no long-term risk to public health or safety from the gas leak,” company spokesman Chris Gilbride said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Health says that not enough is known from SoCal Gas about the makeup of the chemicals that came from the four-month gas leak to conclude that the community sustained no harm. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health wants SoCal Gas to pay for a long-term study of community health costing upward of $35 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sets of air quality monitors posted on the fenceline between the gas storage field and homes showed elevated levels of chemicals that indicate the presence of natural gas. The SoCal Gas monitor showed 66.6 parts per million of methane in the air, which is far above the 2 parts per million that would normally be in the air. Another monitor showed spikes in the methane level between 4 and 6 p.m. Monday. That monitor is operated by an independent firm and sponsored by attorneys who represent residents who are suing SoCal Gas over the big gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Southern California Gas Co. says a gas leak occurred at the Aliso Canyon Natural Gas Storage Facility in Porter Ranch just before 5 p.m. Monday night. This comes just two years after one of the nation's \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2017/10/31/77195/lawsuits-costs-continue-to-mount-in-gas-leak/\">largest accidental gas leaks\u003c/a> at the same facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to San Fernando Valley residents, SoCal Gas says the gas leak happened during a routine operation to pressurize equipment. A gasket on the equipment did not function properly, resulting in an accidental release of natural gas for about 50 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas leak was detected on the fence-line monitoring system, and nearby residents were notified about 7:40 p.m. Monday, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Leak-Recently-Reported-at-Aliso-Canyon-465152843.html\">NBC LA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas says the leak \"did not present a health or safety risk to the community,\" but some people may have been able to smell the odor near the facility. More than 30 people reported symptoms such as headaches, nosebleeds and burning of the eyes and throat, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-aliso-leak-20171218-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in Porter Ranch say they experienced similar symptoms during the previous leak, which started in October 2015, lasted months and dumped some 5.4 billion cubic feet of methane into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porter Ranch resident Lori Aivazian said she felt the effects of the gas release around 4:50 p.m. when she was outside doing errands at the Porter Ranch Town Center and when she arrived home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked in with a migraine headache, coughing, wheezing, short of breath, and nauseous,” she said in an email. “My daughter, home from college for winter break had a headache as well. I didn’t hear about the leak on social media until after 6:00 p.m. Headache stuck with me until midnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northridge resident Andrew Krowne is an accountant who works in Porter Ranch. He is one of those who experienced health symptoms while the well blowout was active from October 2015 through February 2016. He also gets the symptoms when new releases of gas occur at the Aliso Canyon field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have fatigue, headache, blurry vision. Those are kind of my telltale signs when I’m in the middle of that exposure,” Krowne said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on Jan. 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and others who live and work in Porter Ranch have been recording their symptoms on an app Krowne created called \u003ca href=\"https://environmentalhealthtracker.com/\">Environmental Health Tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tracker does not relay the information to health authorities, Krowne said, because the level of trust in the county Department of Public Health is low and because the department’s own reporting process is too cumbersome, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People began reporting symptoms such as burning eyes, coughing, fatigue, headache and nausea beginning at 4:48 p.m. Reports came from 26 locations by midnight, according to data collected by the app that Krowne provided to KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas declined to comment on the crowdsourced health tracker. The soil, air and dust samples collected by several agencies, including the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, shows that “there was and is no long-term risk to public health or safety from the gas leak,” company spokesman Chris Gilbride said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Health says that not enough is known from SoCal Gas about the makeup of the chemicals that came from the four-month gas leak to conclude that the community sustained no harm. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health wants SoCal Gas to pay for a long-term study of community health costing upward of $35 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sets of air quality monitors posted on the fenceline between the gas storage field and homes showed elevated levels of chemicals that indicate the presence of natural gas. The SoCal Gas monitor showed 66.6 parts per million of methane in the air, which is far above the 2 parts per million that would normally be in the air. Another monitor showed spikes in the methane level between 4 and 6 p.m. Monday. That monitor is operated by an independent firm and sponsored by attorneys who represent residents who are suing SoCal Gas over the big gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Defensible Space' Couldn't Keep Thomas Fire From Burning Ventura County",
"title": "'Defensible Space' Couldn't Keep Thomas Fire From Burning Ventura County",
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"content": "\u003cp>A lot of things about the Thomas Fire surprised veteran Ventura County firefighter Steve Kaufmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that it burned 70 square miles in 12 hours. The fact that it nearly incinerated City Hall in downtown Ventura. But perhaps the most shocking to him was that by daybreak on the first full day of the fire, more than 150 homes had been destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t normally see major structure devastation on our wildland fires,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County has long been known for its strict enforcement of fire protection rules. So it's surprising to Kaufmann and other fire officials that most of the roughly thousand structures that have burned so far in the Thomas Fire have been within its borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, Ventura County has experienced just a single wildfire that burned more than 18 homes, according to data from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. (It was the Simi Fire, which burned during \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/downloads/2003FireStoryInternet.pdf\">the epic 2003 wildfire season.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WL5A8ZeLFCmX3Ltkp2kgzwdJwMA61elQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego and San Bernardino counties all had multiple fires that were more destructive during that same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, residents in areas of high wildfire risk have to maintain 100 feet of clearing around their homes. It's what's known as \"defensible space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counties have a lot of discretion on how to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ventura County, if you don’t clear your brush, officials will fine you $1,658 (it goes up to $1,800 in 2018). They’ll also do the yard work themselves and then bill you for the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Roper, the former fire chief of Ventura County who retired in 2012, said numerous fire officials have called to ask him what they can learn from Ventura’s approach. When he tells them about the high fines, “They say, thanks for the information, but if I tried that in my jurisdiction, we’d be shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Bob Roper, former fire chief with Ventura County Fire Department, at the site of a burned home in the Upper Ojai Valley on December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Roper, former fire chief with Ventura County Fire Department, at the site of a burned home in the Upper Ojai Valley on Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Ventura County is much more aggressive than most of its neighbors. San Bernardino charges only $100 for failing to clear brush. And Orange County doesn’t have the authority to remove brush on private property at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the back of Roper’s mind, he always knew that one out of control, wind-blown wildfire could upend his county’s track record of success. Because in those situations, even people who have done everything right can lose their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show me what he meant, he invited me up to Ojai for a drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Day 10 of the Thomas Fire, Dec. 13, and the Ojai Valley looked the way I imagine a smoggy Los Angeles did in the 1960s. The sun was a blood orange, and the mountains were a gradient of hazy pastels. The smoke got worse over the course of the day, and after a few hours of driving around, I felt nauseous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-800x469.jpg\" alt=\"Smoke from the Thomas Fire fills the Ojai Valley on December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-800x469.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-1020x598.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-1180x691.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-960x563.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-240x141.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-375x220.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smoke from the Thomas Fire fills the Ojai Valley on Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we climbed into the Upper Ojai Valley, most of the houses we saw along Highway 150 had burned. I saw the charred skeletons of stationary bicycles and the rims of cars melted into silvery puddles. As we pulled into the ash-speckled driveway of another destroyed home, Roper told me the residents had done a great job clearing brush from around their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It happened to be when the wind blows hard enough, you end up with what we call a firestorm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the face of the Thomas Fire, and it has raised a question across Ventura County: Are its policies actually doing enough to protect homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Moritz says no. He's a wildfire expert with the UC Cooperative Extension in Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defensible space has a very specific use. It’s to provide a place for firefighters to do their work. It doesn’t actually necessarily in and of itself protect the home from ignition,” he said. “We also have to think of the structure itself. What if nobody is there to defend it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638383\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638383\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"Many of the houses that burned in Ventura County, like this one off Highway 150 in the Upper Ojai Valley, complied with the county's strict brush clearing policies. December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-800x492.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-1020x627.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-960x591.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-240x148.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-375x231.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of the houses that burned in Ventura County, like this one off Highway 150 in the Upper Ojai Valley, complied with the county's strict brush clearing policies. Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most houses that burn in a wildfire ignite not from a wall of fire, but\u003ca href=\"http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8393.pdf\"> from windblown embers that can travel up to 4 miles.\u003c/a> That means fireproofing a home really depends on how it's built. If a hot ember lands on the roof or deck, will it catch? Can embers blow into attic vents or crawl spaces? Are gutters cleared out, or full of pine needles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_protection/fire_protection_wildland\">requires all new houses in the highest-risk wildfire zones\u003c/a> to be built using fire-resistant materials. But there are many older homes in these areas that aren’t required to meet the code unless they're renovated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pkyBq5rmkJkTtRIZbl40liU6j8JjzFoa\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Modern building codes are great for new construction,” said Roper. “But the majority of the homes in the wildfire-prone area are already built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richard Halsey, director of the Chaparral Institute, the problem isn’t just \u003cem>what\u003c/em> the houses are made of, but \u003cem>where\u003c/em> they’re built. He believes elected officials who permit construction in fire-prone areas should be held liable when they burn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot keep putting people out in dangerous conditions, like we’re doing, we just can’t,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2017/12/12/60649/three-ways-housing-can-be-better-developed-to-mini/\">he told KPCC’s Take Two\u003c/a>. “I know there’s a housing crisis, but we’re going to have a mortality crisis if we keep doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roper thinks even the strictest policies in the world won’t stop every firestorm. In 70 mph winds, the most fireproof homes can burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes Mother Nature is more powerful than us,” he said, as we drove down from the Upper Ojai Valley in thickening smoke. “We can’t win every fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The county is known for its strict enforcement of fire protection rules. So it surprised officials that most of the roughly 1,000 structures burned so far have been within county borders.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A lot of things about the Thomas Fire surprised veteran Ventura County firefighter Steve Kaufmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that it burned 70 square miles in 12 hours. The fact that it nearly incinerated City Hall in downtown Ventura. But perhaps the most shocking to him was that by daybreak on the first full day of the fire, more than 150 homes had been destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t normally see major structure devastation on our wildland fires,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County has long been known for its strict enforcement of fire protection rules. So it's surprising to Kaufmann and other fire officials that most of the roughly thousand structures that have burned so far in the Thomas Fire have been within its borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, Ventura County has experienced just a single wildfire that burned more than 18 homes, according to data from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. (It was the Simi Fire, which burned during \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/downloads/2003FireStoryInternet.pdf\">the epic 2003 wildfire season.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego and San Bernardino counties all had multiple fires that were more destructive during that same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, residents in areas of high wildfire risk have to maintain 100 feet of clearing around their homes. It's what's known as \"defensible space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counties have a lot of discretion on how to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ventura County, if you don’t clear your brush, officials will fine you $1,658 (it goes up to $1,800 in 2018). They’ll also do the yard work themselves and then bill you for the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Roper, the former fire chief of Ventura County who retired in 2012, said numerous fire officials have called to ask him what they can learn from Ventura’s approach. When he tells them about the high fines, “They say, thanks for the information, but if I tried that in my jurisdiction, we’d be shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Bob Roper, former fire chief with Ventura County Fire Department, at the site of a burned home in the Upper Ojai Valley on December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-960x638.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Roper-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Roper, former fire chief with Ventura County Fire Department, at the site of a burned home in the Upper Ojai Valley on Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Ventura County is much more aggressive than most of its neighbors. San Bernardino charges only $100 for failing to clear brush. And Orange County doesn’t have the authority to remove brush on private property at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the back of Roper’s mind, he always knew that one out of control, wind-blown wildfire could upend his county’s track record of success. Because in those situations, even people who have done everything right can lose their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show me what he meant, he invited me up to Ojai for a drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Day 10 of the Thomas Fire, Dec. 13, and the Ojai Valley looked the way I imagine a smoggy Los Angeles did in the 1960s. The sun was a blood orange, and the mountains were a gradient of hazy pastels. The smoke got worse over the course of the day, and after a few hours of driving around, I felt nauseous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-800x469.jpg\" alt=\"Smoke from the Thomas Fire fills the Ojai Valley on December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-800x469.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-1020x598.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-1180x691.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-960x563.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-240x141.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-375x220.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiSmoke-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smoke from the Thomas Fire fills the Ojai Valley on Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we climbed into the Upper Ojai Valley, most of the houses we saw along Highway 150 had burned. I saw the charred skeletons of stationary bicycles and the rims of cars melted into silvery puddles. As we pulled into the ash-speckled driveway of another destroyed home, Roper told me the residents had done a great job clearing brush from around their house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It happened to be when the wind blows hard enough, you end up with what we call a firestorm,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the face of the Thomas Fire, and it has raised a question across Ventura County: Are its policies actually doing enough to protect homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Moritz says no. He's a wildfire expert with the UC Cooperative Extension in Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defensible space has a very specific use. It’s to provide a place for firefighters to do their work. It doesn’t actually necessarily in and of itself protect the home from ignition,” he said. “We also have to think of the structure itself. What if nobody is there to defend it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638383\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638383\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"Many of the houses that burned in Ventura County, like this one off Highway 150 in the Upper Ojai Valley, complied with the county's strict brush clearing policies. December 13, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-800x492.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-1020x627.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-1180x726.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-960x591.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-240x148.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-375x231.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/BurnedHomeVentura-520x320.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of the houses that burned in Ventura County, like this one off Highway 150 in the Upper Ojai Valley, complied with the county's strict brush clearing policies. Dec. 13, 2017. \u003ccite>(Emily Guerin/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most houses that burn in a wildfire ignite not from a wall of fire, but\u003ca href=\"http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8393.pdf\"> from windblown embers that can travel up to 4 miles.\u003c/a> That means fireproofing a home really depends on how it's built. If a hot ember lands on the roof or deck, will it catch? Can embers blow into attic vents or crawl spaces? Are gutters cleared out, or full of pine needles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_protection/fire_protection_wildland\">requires all new houses in the highest-risk wildfire zones\u003c/a> to be built using fire-resistant materials. But there are many older homes in these areas that aren’t required to meet the code unless they're renovated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Modern building codes are great for new construction,” said Roper. “But the majority of the homes in the wildfire-prone area are already built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richard Halsey, director of the Chaparral Institute, the problem isn’t just \u003cem>what\u003c/em> the houses are made of, but \u003cem>where\u003c/em> they’re built. He believes elected officials who permit construction in fire-prone areas should be held liable when they burn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot keep putting people out in dangerous conditions, like we’re doing, we just can’t,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2017/12/12/60649/three-ways-housing-can-be-better-developed-to-mini/\">he told KPCC’s Take Two\u003c/a>. “I know there’s a housing crisis, but we’re going to have a mortality crisis if we keep doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roper thinks even the strictest policies in the world won’t stop every firestorm. In 70 mph winds, the most fireproof homes can burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes Mother Nature is more powerful than us,” he said, as we drove down from the Upper Ojai Valley in thickening smoke. “We can’t win every fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lawsuit Blames Utilities for Contributing to Thomas Fire",
"title": "Lawsuit Blames Utilities for Contributing to Thomas Fire",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Dawn and Dana Ceniceros always enjoyed walking visitors through their artsy Ojai home in the remote Matilija Canyon. But the couple never expected to tour what was left of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caught in the path of the massive Thomas Fire in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties -- one of the largest fires in California history -- their home is now mostly a pile of rubble and ash. It's one of more than 700 homes destroyed by the blaze that has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/calmer-winds-critical-in-southern-california-firefight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">already consumed\u003c/a> more than a quarter of a million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EIsYmjNwzLe7SOj55vbb1WGdqiTWpnxP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flames devoured the Ceniceros' home after a wind-fueled flare-up of the Thomas Fire exploded one night along Ojai's northern mountains, devouring many of the homes in the once-lush canyon. Dawn says the couple had evacuated a few hours earlier because of heavy smoke and thought they would be back soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think back, like the other things I could have taken, and I just didn't believe it was going to happen,\" she says. \"I actually was vacuuming my living room before we evacuated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/12/WildfireLawsuitsOneill2way171218.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana2-36e8445f0946148acf6febbe0d1b3fbeee841e98.jpg\" Title=\"Lawsuit Blames Utilities for Contributing to Thomas Fire\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while they took some family heirlooms, they didn't think about the irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together -- like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had these beautiful little sketchbooks, stories of when we were teenagers, and those were in a hope chest, and they're all gone,\" Dana says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County attorney Alex Robertson has spent days on the phone with people in the same position as Dawn and her husband: They've lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson filed a lawsuit this week on behalf of some residents and business owners against two utility companies and the city of Ventura. Dawn and Dana Ceniceros are not part of the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11637947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048.jpg\" alt=\"The Ceniceroses lost irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together — like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together.\" width=\"639\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ceniceroses lost irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together — like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit contends, in part, that Southern California Edison crews working above a campground near the town of Santa Paula are the likely cause of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were working up there before the fires started, and then at about 6:20 p.m., one of our clients who worked at the campground observed an orange glow coming from that canyon, and that's where the fire started,\" Robertson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the electric company declined to comment on the lawsuit but said the utility is cooperating with fire investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit also alleges that water hydrants operated by the city of Ventura and the Casitas Municipal Water District didn't work properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many people are very angry at the water companies because the firemen were just standing there,\" Robertson says. \"You know, they had plenty of firemen and firetrucks on their streets, but they had no water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qJxfRWL5J1dwwQfTXjdtnVO4raDMHM1m\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water utility says that its fire hydrants were working and that it's not liable for any of the losses. The city of Ventura did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they move forward, Dawn and Dana Ceniceros point out that their last name means \"from the ashes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to sift through this ash, and any little broken piece or whatever I'm going to reclaim it and make something beautiful out of it,\" Dawn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Isabel Dobrin in Digital News produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Utilities+Blamed+For+Contributing+To+California%27s+Thomas+Fire&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dawn and Dana Ceniceros always enjoyed walking visitors through their artsy Ojai home in the remote Matilija Canyon. But the couple never expected to tour what was left of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caught in the path of the massive Thomas Fire in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties -- one of the largest fires in California history -- their home is now mostly a pile of rubble and ash. It's one of more than 700 homes destroyed by the blaze that has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/calmer-winds-critical-in-southern-california-firefight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">already consumed\u003c/a> more than a quarter of a million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flames devoured the Ceniceros' home after a wind-fueled flare-up of the Thomas Fire exploded one night along Ojai's northern mountains, devouring many of the homes in the once-lush canyon. Dawn says the couple had evacuated a few hours earlier because of heavy smoke and thought they would be back soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think back, like the other things I could have taken, and I just didn't believe it was going to happen,\" she says. \"I actually was vacuuming my living room before we evacuated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while they took some family heirlooms, they didn't think about the irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together -- like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She had these beautiful little sketchbooks, stories of when we were teenagers, and those were in a hope chest, and they're all gone,\" Dana says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County attorney Alex Robertson has spent days on the phone with people in the same position as Dawn and her husband: They've lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson filed a lawsuit this week on behalf of some residents and business owners against two utility companies and the city of Ventura. Dawn and Dana Ceniceros are not part of the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11637947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048.jpg\" alt=\"The Ceniceroses lost irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together — like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together.\" width=\"639\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/dawn-and-dana1-1e003e602fa726b0b410f21a5b5531ebe6693048-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ceniceroses lost irreplaceable mementos of their 40 years together — like their children's artwork, a 15-year collection of Dawn's oil paintings, love letters and other treasures that date back to their teen years together. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit contends, in part, that Southern California Edison crews working above a campground near the town of Santa Paula are the likely cause of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were working up there before the fires started, and then at about 6:20 p.m., one of our clients who worked at the campground observed an orange glow coming from that canyon, and that's where the fire started,\" Robertson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the electric company declined to comment on the lawsuit but said the utility is cooperating with fire investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit also alleges that water hydrants operated by the city of Ventura and the Casitas Municipal Water District didn't work properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many people are very angry at the water companies because the firemen were just standing there,\" Robertson says. \"You know, they had plenty of firemen and firetrucks on their streets, but they had no water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water utility says that its fire hydrants were working and that it's not liable for any of the losses. The city of Ventura did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they move forward, Dawn and Dana Ceniceros point out that their last name means \"from the ashes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to sift through this ash, and any little broken piece or whatever I'm going to reclaim it and make something beautiful out of it,\" Dawn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Isabel Dobrin in Digital News produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Utilities+Blamed+For+Contributing+To+California%27s+Thomas+Fire&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Firms Fined for Pesticide Incident That Sickened 92 in Bakersfield",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Kern County agricultural commissioner has imposed nearly $50,000 in fines against five companies after investigating a pesticide incident that sickened 92 farmworkers harvesting garlic on the outskirts of Bakersfield last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fines involve two separate pesticide applications: one that sickened a harvest crew and a second nearby that, although it apparently didn't affect the workers, violated state pesticide regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were summoned on Aug. 2 after garlic harvesters fell ill while working in a field near Taft Highway and Gosford Road, between Highway 99 and Interstate 5 on the city's southwestern edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers complained that their eyes were burning and itching. Some were coughing, and others said they felt nauseous and had headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt suffocated, dizzy, my eyes were irritated and watery,\" an unidentified worker told Kern County investigators. \"I felt like there was chili powder in the air.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started to smell a chemical odor and I started to get a headache, burning eyes and started to become nauseous,\" another worker said in the investigation report. \"I could see the entire crew that was in the garlic field was also getting sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't see and couldn't breathe well. ... It felt like I had been pepper sprayed in the eyes,\" a third employee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen of the harvest workers had to be decontaminated and several sought medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"25b20dsf2XE8X62vjypuFBCy1OKSiVpE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's investigation found that a soil fumigant, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amvac-chemical.com/Product-Details/pid/202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vapam\u003c/a>, that had been injected hours earlier into an adjacent field seeped out of the ground and drifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest penalty, $42,000, is against \u003ca href=\"http://www.tastefulselections.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tasteful Selections\u003c/a>, an Arvin-based firm that grows and processes specialty potatoes. The agricultural commissioner fined the company for failing to tell the 167 workers in the area that a pesticide had been injected in soil nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a poor choice and probably shouldn't have been done,\" Glenn Fankhauser, the county agricultural commissioner, said in an interview. \"This was really a bad decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Bender, the president and general manager of Tasteful Selections, declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner's office is citing the three farm labor contractors that employed the workers -- Ag Star Harvesting, Harvest Kings and Pacific Farm Management -- for failing to ensure the exposed harvesters got medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They each had workers that complained of symptoms and they were not immediately taken to the doctor,\" Fankhauser said. \"Instead, they just moved them to a different area of the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the labor contractors, each facing $1,000 fines, could be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of investigating the Tasteful Selections case, the commissioner learned that around the same time the workers were getting sick, a helicopter was spraying \u003ca href=\"http://www.croplife.com/crop-inputs/insecticides/mana-introduces-vulcan-insecticide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vulcan\u003c/a>, a pesticide that contains chlorpyrifos, on a nearby alfalfa field. The chemical drifted to yet another site nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks ago \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/12/01/chlorpyrifos-makes-california-list-of-most-dangerous-chemicals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California regulators\u003c/a> added chlorpyrifos to the state's list of substances known to cause cancer, birth defects and reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters who responded to the incident that morning told the pilot who was spraying the chemical to land, according to Fankhauser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing done on the clothing of the sickened farmworkers did not detect chlorpyrifos. But the county levied a $3,850 fine against the firm doing the spraying, Agra Fly, for violating several pesticide regulations. Those include spraying the chemical from the air within a quarter-mile of residences, for allowing the pesticide to drift to an adjacent field and for not filing a notice of intent with the county to use the chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Wprc6mHeUg0BklnZvqHyQciL0cd12z6u\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner also cited the pest control adviser who wrote the recommendation to conduct the aerial spraying. That man, Edgar Bolt, is facing a $250 fine, and could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five companies and the pesticide adviser can request hearings to contest the penalties. They can appeal a ruling on that case to the California Department of Pesticide Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fines come several months after the Kern County ag commissioner issued more than $50,000 in fines against \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two companies\u003c/a>, including Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties oranges, for violating pesticide rules in an incident that sickened 37 farmworkers near the town of Maricopa in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's rare that we have fines of this caliber,\" Fankhauser said. \"This year we've had two, which are much higher than we normally do. That's because of the egregiousness and the multiple people that are involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June the Santa Cruz County agricultural commissioner launched an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/01/driscolls-tied-to-central-coast-chemical-incident-that-sickened-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> into several firms, including two affiliated with the Dole Food Co. and one tied to Driscoll's, in connection with a chemical release that sickened raspberry workers in Watsonville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month a group of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/chemicals-sicken-two-dozen-central-coast-farm-workers-in-one-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">celery workers\u003c/a> in Salinas was rushed to the hospital after becoming sick, possibly because of an insecticide, prompting an investigation by the agricultural commissioner in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Kern County agricultural commissioner has imposed nearly $50,000 in fines against five companies after investigating a pesticide incident that sickened 92 farmworkers harvesting garlic on the outskirts of Bakersfield last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fines involve two separate pesticide applications: one that sickened a harvest crew and a second nearby that, although it apparently didn't affect the workers, violated state pesticide regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were summoned on Aug. 2 after garlic harvesters fell ill while working in a field near Taft Highway and Gosford Road, between Highway 99 and Interstate 5 on the city's southwestern edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers complained that their eyes were burning and itching. Some were coughing, and others said they felt nauseous and had headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt suffocated, dizzy, my eyes were irritated and watery,\" an unidentified worker told Kern County investigators. \"I felt like there was chili powder in the air.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started to smell a chemical odor and I started to get a headache, burning eyes and started to become nauseous,\" another worker said in the investigation report. \"I could see the entire crew that was in the garlic field was also getting sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't see and couldn't breathe well. ... It felt like I had been pepper sprayed in the eyes,\" a third employee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen of the harvest workers had to be decontaminated and several sought medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's investigation found that a soil fumigant, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amvac-chemical.com/Product-Details/pid/202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vapam\u003c/a>, that had been injected hours earlier into an adjacent field seeped out of the ground and drifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest penalty, $42,000, is against \u003ca href=\"http://www.tastefulselections.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tasteful Selections\u003c/a>, an Arvin-based firm that grows and processes specialty potatoes. The agricultural commissioner fined the company for failing to tell the 167 workers in the area that a pesticide had been injected in soil nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a poor choice and probably shouldn't have been done,\" Glenn Fankhauser, the county agricultural commissioner, said in an interview. \"This was really a bad decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Bender, the president and general manager of Tasteful Selections, declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner's office is citing the three farm labor contractors that employed the workers -- Ag Star Harvesting, Harvest Kings and Pacific Farm Management -- for failing to ensure the exposed harvesters got medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They each had workers that complained of symptoms and they were not immediately taken to the doctor,\" Fankhauser said. \"Instead, they just moved them to a different area of the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the labor contractors, each facing $1,000 fines, could be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the process of investigating the Tasteful Selections case, the commissioner learned that around the same time the workers were getting sick, a helicopter was spraying \u003ca href=\"http://www.croplife.com/crop-inputs/insecticides/mana-introduces-vulcan-insecticide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vulcan\u003c/a>, a pesticide that contains chlorpyrifos, on a nearby alfalfa field. The chemical drifted to yet another site nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks ago \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/12/01/chlorpyrifos-makes-california-list-of-most-dangerous-chemicals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California regulators\u003c/a> added chlorpyrifos to the state's list of substances known to cause cancer, birth defects and reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters who responded to the incident that morning told the pilot who was spraying the chemical to land, according to Fankhauser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing done on the clothing of the sickened farmworkers did not detect chlorpyrifos. But the county levied a $3,850 fine against the firm doing the spraying, Agra Fly, for violating several pesticide regulations. Those include spraying the chemical from the air within a quarter-mile of residences, for allowing the pesticide to drift to an adjacent field and for not filing a notice of intent with the county to use the chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner also cited the pest control adviser who wrote the recommendation to conduct the aerial spraying. That man, Edgar Bolt, is facing a $250 fine, and could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five companies and the pesticide adviser can request hearings to contest the penalties. They can appeal a ruling on that case to the California Department of Pesticide Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fines come several months after the Kern County ag commissioner issued more than $50,000 in fines against \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two companies\u003c/a>, including Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties oranges, for violating pesticide rules in an incident that sickened 37 farmworkers near the town of Maricopa in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's rare that we have fines of this caliber,\" Fankhauser said. \"This year we've had two, which are much higher than we normally do. That's because of the egregiousness and the multiple people that are involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June the Santa Cruz County agricultural commissioner launched an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/01/driscolls-tied-to-central-coast-chemical-incident-that-sickened-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> into several firms, including two affiliated with the Dole Food Co. and one tied to Driscoll's, in connection with a chemical release that sickened raspberry workers in Watsonville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month a group of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/30/chemicals-sicken-two-dozen-central-coast-farm-workers-in-one-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">celery workers\u003c/a> in Salinas was rushed to the hospital after becoming sick, possibly because of an insecticide, prompting an investigation by the agricultural commissioner in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Calmer Winds 'Critical' in Southern California Firefight",
"title": "Calmer Winds 'Critical' in Southern California Firefight",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES -- Crews trying to corral Southern California's enormous wildfire hope to take advantage of a two-day window of calmer winds before potentially dangerous gusts return at midweek, officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze that broke out two weeks ago still threatens communities northwest of Los Angeles, where thousands remain under evacuation orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooler temperatures, slightly higher humidity and light winds forecast for Monday and Tuesday will be \"critical\" for firefighters hoping to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Fire\u003c/a>, said fire spokesman Capt. Rick Crawford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1QT3h5ioycmbF0xoB6XPilRGeM5iSdkn7\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For right now the winds seem very favorable,\" he said. \"We're always looking out for those unpredictable gusts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hot, gusty winds that caused a huge flare-up and forced more residents to flee over the weekend are expected to come back Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire churning through brush in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties has burned more than 1,000 structures, including at least 750 homes. Some 18,000 more residences are still threatened. The 270,500-acre (422-square-mile) blaze, the third largest in state history, is 45 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television news footage showed at least one structure burned on property in the wealthy enclave of Montecito, and authorities said damage assessments could take days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael and Sonia Behrman told KABC-TV they fled their hillside home when heavy smoke blew in and returned to find it in ashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just hard to put into words,\" Michael Behrman said. \"It's where we live. It's just smoke and ruin right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAL_FIRE/status/942758922288373760\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/cal-fire-crew-member-killed-as-thomas-fire-continues-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">firefighter killed while battling the blaze\u003c/a> was transported Sunday in a procession that rolled through five counties before ending up at a funeral home in San Diego. Mourners stood on freeway overpasses to pay respects to firefighter Cory Iverson, 32, who died Dec. 14 of burns and smoke inhalation. He is survived by his pregnant wife and a 2-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is also blamed for the Dec. 6 death of a 70-year-old woman who died in a car crash on an evacuation route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything about the fire has been massive, from the sheer scale of destruction that destroyed entire neighborhoods to the legions of people attacking it. More than 8,000 firefighters from nearly a dozen states battled the third-largest wildfire in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause remains under investigation. So far, firefighting costs have surpassed $117 million.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Thomas Fire that broke out two weeks ago still threatens communities northwest of Los Angeles, where thousands remain under evacuation orders.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES -- Crews trying to corral Southern California's enormous wildfire hope to take advantage of a two-day window of calmer winds before potentially dangerous gusts return at midweek, officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze that broke out two weeks ago still threatens communities northwest of Los Angeles, where thousands remain under evacuation orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooler temperatures, slightly higher humidity and light winds forecast for Monday and Tuesday will be \"critical\" for firefighters hoping to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Fire\u003c/a>, said fire spokesman Capt. Rick Crawford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1QT3h5ioycmbF0xoB6XPilRGeM5iSdkn7\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For right now the winds seem very favorable,\" he said. \"We're always looking out for those unpredictable gusts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hot, gusty winds that caused a huge flare-up and forced more residents to flee over the weekend are expected to come back Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire churning through brush in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties has burned more than 1,000 structures, including at least 750 homes. Some 18,000 more residences are still threatened. The 270,500-acre (422-square-mile) blaze, the third largest in state history, is 45 percent contained, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television news footage showed at least one structure burned on property in the wealthy enclave of Montecito, and authorities said damage assessments could take days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael and Sonia Behrman told KABC-TV they fled their hillside home when heavy smoke blew in and returned to find it in ashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just hard to put into words,\" Michael Behrman said. \"It's where we live. It's just smoke and ruin right now.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The body of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/cal-fire-crew-member-killed-as-thomas-fire-continues-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">firefighter killed while battling the blaze\u003c/a> was transported Sunday in a procession that rolled through five counties before ending up at a funeral home in San Diego. Mourners stood on freeway overpasses to pay respects to firefighter Cory Iverson, 32, who died Dec. 14 of burns and smoke inhalation. He is survived by his pregnant wife and a 2-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze is also blamed for the Dec. 6 death of a 70-year-old woman who died in a car crash on an evacuation route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything about the fire has been massive, from the sheer scale of destruction that destroyed entire neighborhoods to the legions of people attacking it. More than 8,000 firefighters from nearly a dozen states battled the third-largest wildfire in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause remains under investigation. So far, firefighting costs have surpassed $117 million.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The National Weather Service has issued an unusual December red-flag fire weather warning for the Bay Area this weekend, a move that has prompted many local agencies to issue their own alerts to residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters say a combination of high winds, extremely low humidity and lack of rain in recent weeks will raise fire danger to critical levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area red-flag warning covers higher elevations throughout the region, including the Santa Cruz Mountains, the East Bay and North Bay hills, Mount Diablo and the Diablo Range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast for areas above 1,000 feet is for winds of 15 mph to 30 mph and gusts up to 50 mph. Daytime humidity is expected to fall to the 10 percent to 20 percent range, recovering at night to about 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alert prompted several Bay Area public safety agencies to issue their own advisories. Fire officials in Alameda, Marin and Napa counties issued a ban on outdoor burning for the weekend. Sonoma County, which suffered the worst damage from the devastating October fires that swept the North Bay, advised residents to avoid outdoor fires for the next two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley, the Fire Department urged residents in the city's hills neighborhoods to park in driveways and garages and leave streets clear for emergency vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire has increased staffing and resource levels in the region ahead of the forecast winds, agency spokeswoman Janet Upton said in an email Friday. That includes 42 Cal Fire engines, 13 bulldozers, and 26 fire crews of 12 to 15 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upton said the agency is also paying for 44 more local government fire engines to be staffed with either Cal Fire or local fire department personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether she had ever seen such an intensive staffing effort so late in the year, Upton said by email, \"Not in all my 31 years with Cal Fire.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red-flag warnings are also in place for much of Southern California, the Sierra Nevada foothills and the northern two-thirds of the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greater Los Angeles area has been under a red-flag warning for \u003ca href=\"http://beta.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-thomas-fire-grows-20171215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a record 12 straight days\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gusty winds and low humidity continue to pose a challenge for the 8,400 firefighters struggling to contain the Thomas Fire in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The blaze has burned more than 250,000 acres, or nearly 400 square miles, destroyed more than 900 structures and killed two people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire weather warnings are a result of a long-lasting ridge of high pressure just off the West Coast that has blocked storms from reaching California and is responsible for dry northerly or northeasterly winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter fire weather warnings are unusual but not unprecedented in the Bay Area. The National Weather Service issued three such warnings for the region during December 2013 and January 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The National Weather Service has issued an unusual December red-flag fire weather warning for the Bay Area this weekend, a move that has prompted many local agencies to issue their own alerts to residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters say a combination of high winds, extremely low humidity and lack of rain in recent weeks will raise fire danger to critical levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area red-flag warning covers higher elevations throughout the region, including the Santa Cruz Mountains, the East Bay and North Bay hills, Mount Diablo and the Diablo Range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast for areas above 1,000 feet is for winds of 15 mph to 30 mph and gusts up to 50 mph. Daytime humidity is expected to fall to the 10 percent to 20 percent range, recovering at night to about 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alert prompted several Bay Area public safety agencies to issue their own advisories. Fire officials in Alameda, Marin and Napa counties issued a ban on outdoor burning for the weekend. Sonoma County, which suffered the worst damage from the devastating October fires that swept the North Bay, advised residents to avoid outdoor fires for the next two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley, the Fire Department urged residents in the city's hills neighborhoods to park in driveways and garages and leave streets clear for emergency vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire has increased staffing and resource levels in the region ahead of the forecast winds, agency spokeswoman Janet Upton said in an email Friday. That includes 42 Cal Fire engines, 13 bulldozers, and 26 fire crews of 12 to 15 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upton said the agency is also paying for 44 more local government fire engines to be staffed with either Cal Fire or local fire department personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether she had ever seen such an intensive staffing effort so late in the year, Upton said by email, \"Not in all my 31 years with Cal Fire.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red-flag warnings are also in place for much of Southern California, the Sierra Nevada foothills and the northern two-thirds of the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greater Los Angeles area has been under a red-flag warning for \u003ca href=\"http://beta.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-thomas-fire-grows-20171215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a record 12 straight days\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gusty winds and low humidity continue to pose a challenge for the 8,400 firefighters struggling to contain the Thomas Fire in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The blaze has burned more than 250,000 acres, or nearly 400 square miles, destroyed more than 900 structures and killed two people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire weather warnings are a result of a long-lasting ridge of high pressure just off the West Coast that has blocked storms from reaching California and is responsible for dry northerly or northeasterly winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter fire weather warnings are unusual but not unprecedented in the Bay Area. The National Weather Service issued three such warnings for the region during December 2013 and January 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses",
"title": "California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”LcSgHwyUrSgeHuT37gDzJJpkuOIgs9wn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream project\u003c/a>, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This fall’s massive, deadly California fires reveal key gaps in policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments, says fire expert Max Moritz.",
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"title": "California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>University of California, Santa Barbara for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioresealion\">closed San Francisco’s Aquatic Park to swimming\u003c/a> after two serious attacks by sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One swimmer was bitten in the groin and another on the arm, both injuries were considered serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one of the swimmers was a member of San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"http://serc.com/\">South End Rowing Club\u003c/a> that was established in 1873. (Full disclosure: I’m a former member but a terrible swimmer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Noso Vita Social Cafe was among the first businesses to reopen in downtown Ojai this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coffee shop is popular among locals and tourists, and co-owner Sean Mason says it felt good to get back behind the counter, even though the pastry shelf was empty of the usual muffins and the computerized payment machine was on the fritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It almost feels like opening for the very first time three years ago,” Mason said. “These uncertain things and not knowing how things are going to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zpudHJo1a9vGavpMwqzW3zVEkxlp2Fwm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason is among the business owners in this picturesque tourist town now bracing for a tough holiday season. Smoky skies from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/cal-fire-crew-member-killed-as-thomas-fire-continues-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still-raging Thomas Fire\u003c/a> have forced the closure of local hotels, and many businesses in town fear it could wreak havoc on holiday tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason said while it felt great to connect with some of the locals he hasn’t seen for a week, he remains concerned about the coffee shop. Sales were down by at least 75 percent, thanks in large part to extremely poor air quality that’s keeping many here indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most residents who do venture out sport surgical-style face masks to protect against the thick smoke pouring in from the Thomas Fire, burning in Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the smoke will eventually clear, the image is exactly the wrong kind of PR for a tourist town approaching the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637411\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"The Thomas Fire burns on a hillside as seen from downtown Ojai.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Thomas Fire burns on a hillside as seen from downtown Ojai. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Ojai Valley has been a tourist-driven economy since Charlie Chaplin told his friends they should come here and take a dip in a hot spring,” said business owner Jeremy Haffner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haffner co-owns the Ojai Valley Brewery, which has been closed since his family evacuated twice from their home that ultimately withstood the fast-moving and erratic fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a massive impact on every single business in this town -- especially around Christmas, especially among people selling homemade wares and restaurants and hospitality,” Haffner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of hotels are shutting down through the holidays. Among them, the 300-room Ojai Valley Inn & Spa. A call to the luxury resort is answered by a recording.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Ojai Valley Inn is currently closed for the safety of our associates and guests with a planned reopening of Thursday, Jan. 11.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oaks at Ojai, a health resort for women, has also shut its doors for a while. Manager Kyle Griffith said it could take until February before the spa is ready again for visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get everything cleaned,\" Griffith said. \"I mean I can’t have guests coming to stay in a hotel that reeks of smoke or the air quality isn’t sufficient and healthy, especially given we are a health retreat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week about 80 business owners gathered at a local restaurant to discuss the economic fallout from the fire and how best to support the shops and restaurants that are likely to suffer a big hit this holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Noso Vita Social Cafe was among the first businesses to reopen in downtown Ojai this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coffee shop is popular among locals and tourists, and co-owner Sean Mason says it felt good to get back behind the counter, even though the pastry shelf was empty of the usual muffins and the computerized payment machine was on the fritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It almost feels like opening for the very first time three years ago,” Mason said. “These uncertain things and not knowing how things are going to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason is among the business owners in this picturesque tourist town now bracing for a tough holiday season. Smoky skies from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/cal-fire-crew-member-killed-as-thomas-fire-continues-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still-raging Thomas Fire\u003c/a> have forced the closure of local hotels, and many businesses in town fear it could wreak havoc on holiday tourism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason said while it felt great to connect with some of the locals he hasn’t seen for a week, he remains concerned about the coffee shop. Sales were down by at least 75 percent, thanks in large part to extremely poor air quality that’s keeping many here indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most residents who do venture out sport surgical-style face masks to protect against the thick smoke pouring in from the Thomas Fire, burning in Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the smoke will eventually clear, the image is exactly the wrong kind of PR for a tourist town approaching the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637411\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"The Thomas Fire burns on a hillside as seen from downtown Ojai.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/OjaiFireDowntown-1-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Thomas Fire burns on a hillside as seen from downtown Ojai. \u003ccite>(Stephanie O'Neill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Ojai Valley has been a tourist-driven economy since Charlie Chaplin told his friends they should come here and take a dip in a hot spring,” said business owner Jeremy Haffner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haffner co-owns the Ojai Valley Brewery, which has been closed since his family evacuated twice from their home that ultimately withstood the fast-moving and erratic fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a massive impact on every single business in this town -- especially around Christmas, especially among people selling homemade wares and restaurants and hospitality,” Haffner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of hotels are shutting down through the holidays. Among them, the 300-room Ojai Valley Inn & Spa. A call to the luxury resort is answered by a recording.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Ojai Valley Inn is currently closed for the safety of our associates and guests with a planned reopening of Thursday, Jan. 11.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oaks at Ojai, a health resort for women, has also shut its doors for a while. Manager Kyle Griffith said it could take until February before the spa is ready again for visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get everything cleaned,\" Griffith said. \"I mean I can’t have guests coming to stay in a hotel that reeks of smoke or the air quality isn’t sufficient and healthy, especially given we are a health retreat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week about 80 business owners gathered at a local restaurant to discuss the economic fallout from the fire and how best to support the shops and restaurants that are likely to suffer a big hit this holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two unusual sea lion attacks in San Francisco Bay at Aquatic Park led authorities to close the popular area to swimmers Friday as officials try to determine the reason for the aggressive behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sea lion bit a man in the groin area Friday morning as he swam in the waters off San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, said park spokesman Lynn Cullivan. It was “a very serious bite,” and the man was taken to a hospital, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cove hosts swimming and rowing clubs and is a favorite spot for dedicated swimmers. It’s usually a transit area for sea lions heading to Pier 39, where they normally congregate, Cullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area just off Ghirardelli Square, a popular square with shops and restaurants, will be closed to swimmers until Monday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another swimmer was seriously injured Thursday after a sea lion bit him on the arm. Officers applied a tourniquet and he was transported to a hospital. Officials say he’s expected to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea lion got near the swimmer so he splashed water on it, but the animal did not go away, said Matthew Reiter with the San Francisco Police Department’s Marine Unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it didn’t work, he yelled at it and then the sea lion came up and bit him on the arm,” Reiter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man on a nearby sailboat saw the swimmer in distress, pulled him onto his boat and called police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/BvFNUY3w9HA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aggressive behavior is so unusual for sea lions that officials think the same animal attacked both swimmers, Cullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could just be a sea lion being territorial, or it could be an injured or sick mammal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The swimmers have not been identified, but Cullivan said they were swimming closer to the bay than to the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think the bay is their backyard, but it really is the beginning of the wilderness,” he said. “There is wilderness out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two unusual sea lion attacks in San Francisco Bay at Aquatic Park led authorities to close the popular area to swimmers Friday as officials try to determine the reason for the aggressive behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sea lion bit a man in the groin area Friday morning as he swam in the waters off San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, said park spokesman Lynn Cullivan. It was “a very serious bite,” and the man was taken to a hospital, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cove hosts swimming and rowing clubs and is a favorite spot for dedicated swimmers. It’s usually a transit area for sea lions heading to Pier 39, where they normally congregate, Cullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area just off Ghirardelli Square, a popular square with shops and restaurants, will be closed to swimmers until Monday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another swimmer was seriously injured Thursday after a sea lion bit him on the arm. Officers applied a tourniquet and he was transported to a hospital. Officials say he’s expected to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea lion got near the swimmer so he splashed water on it, but the animal did not go away, said Matthew Reiter with the San Francisco Police Department’s Marine Unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it didn’t work, he yelled at it and then the sea lion came up and bit him on the arm,” Reiter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man on a nearby sailboat saw the swimmer in distress, pulled him onto his boat and called police.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BvFNUY3w9HA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BvFNUY3w9HA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The aggressive behavior is so unusual for sea lions that officials think the same animal attacked both swimmers, Cullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could just be a sea lion being territorial, or it could be an injured or sick mammal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The swimmers have not been identified, but Cullivan said they were swimming closer to the bay than to the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think the bay is their backyard, but it really is the beginning of the wilderness,” he said. “There is wilderness out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The fourth-largest fire in California history grew overnight to 252,500 acres as hot, dry winds continued to fan the flames, though crews managed to increase containment slightly to 35 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/thomas-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Fire\u003c/a> has raged for 11 days in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, destroying at least 700 homes, forcing thousands to evacuate and on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/cal-fire-crew-member-killed-as-thomas-fire-continues-to-spread/\">claiming the life of a San Diego firefighter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qCwzlCtWAbvjf907ofpg7s7HW7r84q8x\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire engineer Cory Iverson, 32, died while he was on the fire line. Officials have not released any further details about the circumstances of his death. Iverson is survived by his 2-year-old daughter and his wife, who is expecting their second child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire's Scott McLean said Iverson's death was devastating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, this was an individual who passed away on the fire lines protecting life, safety. ... This will be definitely a trying time,\" McLean told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1QT3h5ioycmbF0xoB6XPilRGeM5iSdkn7\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a 70-year-old woman was killed in a car crash while she was trying to get out of an evacuation area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least six major wildfires have broken out since last Monday, and all were fueled by a combination of unseasonably warm temperatures, high winds and low humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Red Flag warning was first issued on Dec. 2 and has since been extended four times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says it's the longest stretch for such a warning to be in effect for Southern California since the agency started keeping track in 2004. The period of elevated fire danger was set to expire at 10 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 8,000 people are still working to contain the sprawling fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/12/15/78933/thomas-fire-grows-to-nearly-390-square-miles/#evacs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for KPCC's updated list of evacuations and school closures\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, this was an individual who passed away on the fire lines protecting life, safety. ... This will be definitely a trying time,\" McLean told KPCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1QT3h5ioycmbF0xoB6XPilRGeM5iSdkn7\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a 70-year-old woman was killed in a car crash while she was trying to get out of an evacuation area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least six major wildfires have broken out since last Monday, and all were fueled by a combination of unseasonably warm temperatures, high winds and low humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Red Flag warning was first issued on Dec. 2 and has since been extended four times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says it's the longest stretch for such a warning to be in effect for Southern California since the agency started keeping track in 2004. The period of elevated fire danger was set to expire at 10 a.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 8,000 people are still working to contain the sprawling fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/12/15/78933/thomas-fire-grows-to-nearly-390-square-miles/#evacs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for KPCC's updated list of evacuations and school closures\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Central Coast Farmworkers Worked Through Thomas Fire Without Health Protections",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from the Thomas Fire burning in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. But workers in the area’s agricultural fields stayed on the job, breathing in smoke and ash as they picked strawberry and celery crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocacy groups say they noticed, the day after the fire started, thousands of workers in the fields without protective equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lNuewrhUUbCUG9mz6K0YbeSKeomqpO4o\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were telling us to hurry up, to keep working harder because it was a bad environment and we had to pick the produce. The tractor was moving faster than we were moving, and they were just telling us to hurry up and the supervisor was telling us to push more,\" said one farmworker, who requested anonymity for fear of losing his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was told to work more quickly so he wouldn’t work as long in the falling ash and thick smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Coast Alliance United for a Sustainable Economy (CAUSE) sprang into action, buying masks and attempting to distribute them. Lucas Zucker of CAUSE said that while the workers eagerly accepted the masks, their supervisors behaved differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637113\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 658px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11637113\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"658\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0.png 658w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-240x321.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-375x502.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-520x695.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the advocacy group CAUSE hand out masks to farmworkers in Ventura before, they say, being kicked off the farm by supervisors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CAUSE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"On some farms, owners and supervisors [were] kind of kicking people off. We've had some pretty, you know, pretty hostile confrontations,\" Zucker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm going to give them credit for trying to take action to help out. You know, it's a fairly vulnerable population out there, very important to our industry, but they're trying to go directly into fields and hand out masks,\" said John Krist, CEO of the Ventura County Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think in the future we need to make sure we have a better working relationship with those organizations, because what they're doing actually is trespassing,\" Krist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA monitors workplace safety, and agency spokeswoman Erika Monterroza says while it’s up to farm owners to take the steps necessary to protect their workers, Cal/OSHA is focused on ensuring they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take reports of work site hazards very, very seriously. And we also take workers rights very seriously,\" Monterroza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups like CAUSE say even days after the fire started, the majority of growers still weren’t handing out masks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from the Thomas Fire burning in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. But workers in the area’s agricultural fields stayed on the job, breathing in smoke and ash as they picked strawberry and celery crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocacy groups say they noticed, the day after the fire started, thousands of workers in the fields without protective equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were telling us to hurry up, to keep working harder because it was a bad environment and we had to pick the produce. The tractor was moving faster than we were moving, and they were just telling us to hurry up and the supervisor was telling us to push more,\" said one farmworker, who requested anonymity for fear of losing his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was told to work more quickly so he wouldn’t work as long in the falling ash and thick smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Coast Alliance United for a Sustainable Economy (CAUSE) sprang into action, buying masks and attempting to distribute them. Lucas Zucker of CAUSE said that while the workers eagerly accepted the masks, their supervisors behaved differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637113\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 658px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11637113\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"658\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0.png 658w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-160x214.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-240x321.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-375x502.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/screen_shot_2017-12-13_at_2.20.58_pm_0-520x695.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the advocacy group CAUSE hand out masks to farmworkers in Ventura before, they say, being kicked off the farm by supervisors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CAUSE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"On some farms, owners and supervisors [were] kind of kicking people off. We've had some pretty, you know, pretty hostile confrontations,\" Zucker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm going to give them credit for trying to take action to help out. You know, it's a fairly vulnerable population out there, very important to our industry, but they're trying to go directly into fields and hand out masks,\" said John Krist, CEO of the Ventura County Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think in the future we need to make sure we have a better working relationship with those organizations, because what they're doing actually is trespassing,\" Krist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA monitors workplace safety, and agency spokeswoman Erika Monterroza says while it’s up to farm owners to take the steps necessary to protect their workers, Cal/OSHA is focused on ensuring they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take reports of work site hazards very, very seriously. And we also take workers rights very seriously,\" Monterroza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups like CAUSE say even days after the fire started, the majority of growers still weren’t handing out masks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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