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"content": "\u003cp>Gobee is a no-go — at least in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France’s first dockless bike-sharing program, which launched in October, has shut down operations across the country, citing “the mass destruction” of its fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to shut down on Saturday was “disappointing and extremely frustrating,” the Hong Kong-based company wrote in its \u003ca href=\"http://gobee.bike/goodbye-en/\">announcement\u003c/a>. “We hoped for the best. But we were wrong … In 4 months, 60% of our fleet was destroyed, stolen or privatized, making the whole European project no longer sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dockless bike-share programs allow users to rent bikes using a smartphone app, usually by scanning a code on the bike to trigger it to unlock. At the end of the trip, bicycles can be parked anywhere; more established bike-share systems, like Paris’ Velib program, require bikes to be returned to “docking stations” set up around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Docklessness appealed to some users, like Alexandre Jacques, a 23-year-old computer science student in Paris who spoke to NPR’s Eleanor Beardsley about the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I discovered Gobee bikes in December and I really liked it,” Jacques said. “With the app and GPS you could always find a bike near you. I rode it to school every day. It was better than Velib because you didn’t have to find a bike stand to return the bike — you could just leave it anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too bad it’s not working anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuters \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-paris-bicycles/dockless-bike-share-pioneer-gobee-quits-paris-idUSKCN1G723V\">reports\u003c/a> that are other dockless bike options in Paris, at least for now:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Gobee’s exit leaves Paris with three remaining Asian-owned operators, Singapore’s oBike, with about 1,800 grey-orange bikes, and two major Chinese firms: Ofo, with about 1,000 yellow bikes, and Mobike, with several thousand red bikes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Dockless bikes first caught on in Asia, particularly in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/22/bike-wars-dockless-china-millions-bicycles-hangzhou\">large cities in China\u003c/a>, where multiple startups are competing in a crowded market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Steve Inskeep and Miranda Kennedy reported from Beijing this past November:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“China’s push to lower emissions, and the sheer impracticality of driving on traffic-clogged streets, means that in some places bikes are having a second coming — in the form of bike-shares. The new image of the streets of Beijing is a millennial riding a sturdy, brightly colored bicycle — orange, yellow or green, depending on the brand. More than two dozen bike-share companies are operating in China now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are between 16 million and 18 million shared bikes on China’s streets — dockless, with an automatic electronic wheel lock. Once locked, the bikes can be safely left unattended, and they are — thousands at a time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In October, Gobee became the first dockless bike program to launch in France, with a soft launch in Lille and a big debut in Paris. As the company’s\u003ca href=\"https://gobee.bike/gobee-to-become-the-first-dockless-bike-sharing-operator-in-france/\"> extremely cheerful press release\u003c/a> put it at the time, “The City of Lights greeted our eco-friendly fleet with boundless joy and enthusiasm. Amidst the excitement of being the first dockless bikeshare operator in town, adoption was rapid, with Parisians signing up and registering for a Gobee account the very same day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope to instill a greater conscience for sustainability and clean living amongst city dwellers,” the company wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lack of conscience among city dwellers took the company down. Gobee wrote in their less-joyful au revoir this past weekend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Over the months of December and January, the mass destruction of our fleet has become the new entertainment of underaged individuals, encouraged by content broadly shared on social media. In total, it is more than a thousand bikes stolen or privatized, nearly 3,400 bikes broken nationwide, around 280 complaints filed to the French Municipal Police and close to 6,500 repairs performed by our on-the-ground agents and repair partners.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>France has been home to several groundbreaking bike-sharing efforts, as the Atlantic’s CityLab \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/city-makers-connections/bike-share/\">detailed\u003c/a> a few years ago. The first city-scale bike-share program to use RFID technology was in Rennes, France; the first smart bike-share system with 1,500 bikes was in Lyon; and Velib set a new record when it launched in Paris in 2007 with 6,000 bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even as Gobee is shuttering, the once-revolutionary Velib programs is facing problems of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paris is switching to a new operator for the program, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/25/wheels-fall-latest-paris-bike-scheme-thefts-vandalism/\">The Telegraph reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The switchover, which involves replacing all of the bikes with new ones, a third of which will be electric, has been largely seen as a fiasco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By early February only 200 of about 1,400 planned docking stations were up and running, leaving only a fraction of the planned fleet of 20,000 bikes in operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smovengo, the new operator, has blamed the delays on electrical problems and a legal dispute with JCDecaux, the firm that has run the scheme since it was launched in 2007.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bike-Share+Firm+Hits+The+Brakes+In+France+After+%27Mass+Destruction%27+Of+Dockless+Bikes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gobee is a no-go — at least in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>France’s first dockless bike-sharing program, which launched in October, has shut down operations across the country, citing “the mass destruction” of its fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to shut down on Saturday was “disappointing and extremely frustrating,” the Hong Kong-based company wrote in its \u003ca href=\"http://gobee.bike/goodbye-en/\">announcement\u003c/a>. “We hoped for the best. But we were wrong … In 4 months, 60% of our fleet was destroyed, stolen or privatized, making the whole European project no longer sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dockless bike-share programs allow users to rent bikes using a smartphone app, usually by scanning a code on the bike to trigger it to unlock. At the end of the trip, bicycles can be parked anywhere; more established bike-share systems, like Paris’ Velib program, require bikes to be returned to “docking stations” set up around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Docklessness appealed to some users, like Alexandre Jacques, a 23-year-old computer science student in Paris who spoke to NPR’s Eleanor Beardsley about the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I discovered Gobee bikes in December and I really liked it,” Jacques said. “With the app and GPS you could always find a bike near you. I rode it to school every day. It was better than Velib because you didn’t have to find a bike stand to return the bike — you could just leave it anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too bad it’s not working anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuters \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-paris-bicycles/dockless-bike-share-pioneer-gobee-quits-paris-idUSKCN1G723V\">reports\u003c/a> that are other dockless bike options in Paris, at least for now:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Gobee’s exit leaves Paris with three remaining Asian-owned operators, Singapore’s oBike, with about 1,800 grey-orange bikes, and two major Chinese firms: Ofo, with about 1,000 yellow bikes, and Mobike, with several thousand red bikes.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Dockless bikes first caught on in Asia, particularly in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/22/bike-wars-dockless-china-millions-bicycles-hangzhou\">large cities in China\u003c/a>, where multiple startups are competing in a crowded market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Steve Inskeep and Miranda Kennedy reported from Beijing this past November:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“China’s push to lower emissions, and the sheer impracticality of driving on traffic-clogged streets, means that in some places bikes are having a second coming — in the form of bike-shares. The new image of the streets of Beijing is a millennial riding a sturdy, brightly colored bicycle — orange, yellow or green, depending on the brand. More than two dozen bike-share companies are operating in China now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are between 16 million and 18 million shared bikes on China’s streets — dockless, with an automatic electronic wheel lock. Once locked, the bikes can be safely left unattended, and they are — thousands at a time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In October, Gobee became the first dockless bike program to launch in France, with a soft launch in Lille and a big debut in Paris. As the company’s\u003ca href=\"https://gobee.bike/gobee-to-become-the-first-dockless-bike-sharing-operator-in-france/\"> extremely cheerful press release\u003c/a> put it at the time, “The City of Lights greeted our eco-friendly fleet with boundless joy and enthusiasm. Amidst the excitement of being the first dockless bikeshare operator in town, adoption was rapid, with Parisians signing up and registering for a Gobee account the very same day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope to instill a greater conscience for sustainability and clean living amongst city dwellers,” the company wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lack of conscience among city dwellers took the company down. Gobee wrote in their less-joyful au revoir this past weekend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Over the months of December and January, the mass destruction of our fleet has become the new entertainment of underaged individuals, encouraged by content broadly shared on social media. In total, it is more than a thousand bikes stolen or privatized, nearly 3,400 bikes broken nationwide, around 280 complaints filed to the French Municipal Police and close to 6,500 repairs performed by our on-the-ground agents and repair partners.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>France has been home to several groundbreaking bike-sharing efforts, as the Atlantic’s CityLab \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/city-makers-connections/bike-share/\">detailed\u003c/a> a few years ago. The first city-scale bike-share program to use RFID technology was in Rennes, France; the first smart bike-share system with 1,500 bikes was in Lyon; and Velib set a new record when it launched in Paris in 2007 with 6,000 bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even as Gobee is shuttering, the once-revolutionary Velib programs is facing problems of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paris is switching to a new operator for the program, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/25/wheels-fall-latest-paris-bike-scheme-thefts-vandalism/\">The Telegraph reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The switchover, which involves replacing all of the bikes with new ones, a third of which will be electric, has been largely seen as a fiasco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By early February only 200 of about 1,400 planned docking stations were up and running, leaving only a fraction of the planned fleet of 20,000 bikes in operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smovengo, the new operator, has blamed the delays on electrical problems and a legal dispute with JCDecaux, the firm that has run the scheme since it was launched in 2007.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bike-Share+Firm+Hits+The+Brakes+In+France+After+%27Mass+Destruction%27+Of+Dockless+Bikes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Wake of Oroville Crisis, Brown Signs Bill Requiring Tougher Dam Inspections",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:55 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/13/on-oroville-anniversary-lawmakers-ok-bill-to-toughen-dam-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a bill\u003c/a> passed in response to last February's Oroville spillway disaster that aims to strengthen the state's system of dam inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's chief author, \u003ca href=\"https://ad03.asmrc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assemblyman James Gallagher\u003c/a>, R-Yuba City, was among the estimated 188,000 people forced to evacuate their homes when part of Oroville Dam's emergency spillway system threatened to collapse and unleash catastrophic flooding down the Feather River. The episode began with a massive breach in the dam's massive concrete main spillway and led to unanticipated severe erosion of the adjacent unpaved hillside that served as the dam's emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1270\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1270\u003c/a> was a direct result of the spillway episode. Both official and unofficial investigations and reviews found the state Department of Water Resources bore responsibility for the near-calamity through a series of missteps dating back to before the dam was built -- poor design, substandard construction, and ineffective inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallagher's bill, co-authored by state Sen. Jim Nielsen, R-Tehama, and Susan Talamantes Eggman, D-Stockton, among others, requires DWR to consult national dam safety experts for wide-ranging re-evaluations of its dam safety standards and practices and to propose amendments by next Jan. 1. The new law mandates reassessment of safety standards every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For high hazard and extremely high hazard dams -- the ratings reflect the potential hazard to downstream communities, not the condition of the facilities themselves -- the new law requires reviews of the facilities' original design and construction as well as consideration of a host of other factors, including structures' current \"geotechnical, structural, hydraulic, hydrological, geologic, seismic hazard, monitoring and instrumentation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision grows out of \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4349374/Independent-Forensic-Team-Report-Final-01-05-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the January report\u003c/a> from an independent forensic team appointed by DWR at the direction of federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team said it had \"not seen any indication that such a review was ever conducted for the service (main) spillway chute at Oroville Dam since the original construction. ... Such a review would likely have 'connected the dots' \" of factors that led to the spillway failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallagher told The California Report on Tuesday that bringing in outside perspectives and regularly re-evaluating inspection standards are steps intended to address investigators' criticism of DWR as \"an insular organization.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to get to where we're operating at the highest level of public safety at these dams,\" Gallagher said. \"And I think this outside perspective of constantly challenging our thinking, and requiring that our thinking be challenged when we update our protocols, that's what's going to help us get there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other major provisions of AB 1270:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dams with hazard ratings of significant, high or extremely high -- categories comprising more than two-thirds of California dams -- shall be inspected at least once per fiscal year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Inspections will include visual inspections of major dam features and the dam’s outlet works (i.e., spillways).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dam owners must operate critical outlet and spillway control features on an annual basis and shall demonstrate their full operability in the presence of the department every three years or as directed by the department.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Robert Bea, a professor emeritus of civil engineering at UC Berkeley who has led \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">an outside effort\u003c/a> to analyze the spillway failures, said he was encouraged by the bill but feels it's only the first of many steps that the Department of Water Resources and regulatory agencies will need to take to improve safety at Oroville and dams around the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm very heartened by what Assemblyman Gallagher and his colleagues have done,\" Bea said Monday. \"We've recognized that we've got an important challenge regarding our dam infrastructure and water infrastructure systems here in California.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He praised the new law's embrace of risk-based management of the state's dams -- an approach that looks beyond the results of individual inspections and considers the consequences of major failures of dam and infrastructure systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is known internationally as goal-based management,\" Bea said. \"And the goal is to consistently develop and maintain risks that are as low as reasonably practicable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bea, who has been critical of the Department of Water Resources and its actions before and since the Oroville events, added that he believes major, permanent change is needed in the agency's culture, competence and leadership to accomplish the law's safety goals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, the bill is a great first step -- to a trail that never ends,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:55 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/13/on-oroville-anniversary-lawmakers-ok-bill-to-toughen-dam-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a bill\u003c/a> passed in response to last February's Oroville spillway disaster that aims to strengthen the state's system of dam inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's chief author, \u003ca href=\"https://ad03.asmrc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assemblyman James Gallagher\u003c/a>, R-Yuba City, was among the estimated 188,000 people forced to evacuate their homes when part of Oroville Dam's emergency spillway system threatened to collapse and unleash catastrophic flooding down the Feather River. The episode began with a massive breach in the dam's massive concrete main spillway and led to unanticipated severe erosion of the adjacent unpaved hillside that served as the dam's emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1270\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1270\u003c/a> was a direct result of the spillway episode. Both official and unofficial investigations and reviews found the state Department of Water Resources bore responsibility for the near-calamity through a series of missteps dating back to before the dam was built -- poor design, substandard construction, and ineffective inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallagher's bill, co-authored by state Sen. Jim Nielsen, R-Tehama, and Susan Talamantes Eggman, D-Stockton, among others, requires DWR to consult national dam safety experts for wide-ranging re-evaluations of its dam safety standards and practices and to propose amendments by next Jan. 1. The new law mandates reassessment of safety standards every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For high hazard and extremely high hazard dams -- the ratings reflect the potential hazard to downstream communities, not the condition of the facilities themselves -- the new law requires reviews of the facilities' original design and construction as well as consideration of a host of other factors, including structures' current \"geotechnical, structural, hydraulic, hydrological, geologic, seismic hazard, monitoring and instrumentation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision grows out of \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4349374/Independent-Forensic-Team-Report-Final-01-05-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the January report\u003c/a> from an independent forensic team appointed by DWR at the direction of federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team said it had \"not seen any indication that such a review was ever conducted for the service (main) spillway chute at Oroville Dam since the original construction. ... Such a review would likely have 'connected the dots' \" of factors that led to the spillway failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallagher told The California Report on Tuesday that bringing in outside perspectives and regularly re-evaluating inspection standards are steps intended to address investigators' criticism of DWR as \"an insular organization.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to get to where we're operating at the highest level of public safety at these dams,\" Gallagher said. \"And I think this outside perspective of constantly challenging our thinking, and requiring that our thinking be challenged when we update our protocols, that's what's going to help us get there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other major provisions of AB 1270:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dams with hazard ratings of significant, high or extremely high -- categories comprising more than two-thirds of California dams -- shall be inspected at least once per fiscal year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Inspections will include visual inspections of major dam features and the dam’s outlet works (i.e., spillways).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dam owners must operate critical outlet and spillway control features on an annual basis and shall demonstrate their full operability in the presence of the department every three years or as directed by the department.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Robert Bea, a professor emeritus of civil engineering at UC Berkeley who has led \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">an outside effort\u003c/a> to analyze the spillway failures, said he was encouraged by the bill but feels it's only the first of many steps that the Department of Water Resources and regulatory agencies will need to take to improve safety at Oroville and dams around the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm very heartened by what Assemblyman Gallagher and his colleagues have done,\" Bea said Monday. \"We've recognized that we've got an important challenge regarding our dam infrastructure and water infrastructure systems here in California.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He praised the new law's embrace of risk-based management of the state's dams -- an approach that looks beyond the results of individual inspections and considers the consequences of major failures of dam and infrastructure systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is known internationally as goal-based management,\" Bea said. \"And the goal is to consistently develop and maintain risks that are as low as reasonably practicable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bea, who has been critical of the Department of Water Resources and its actions before and since the Oroville events, added that he believes major, permanent change is needed in the agency's culture, competence and leadership to accomplish the law's safety goals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, the bill is a great first step -- to a trail that never ends,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Student Activists Take Up Gun Control\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida on Feb. 14 has revived a heated debate over gun control — only this time, young people are leading the charge. Their message to adults: You haven’t done enough to stop gun violence. Students across the country are staging demonstrations, rallies and walkouts, calling for lawmakers to take stronger action or face consequences at the polls this fall. We talk to two students to find out what Bay Area youth are doing to get their voices heard.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lily Conable, Encinal High School junior\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maxwell Stern, Oakland Tech High School freshman\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Strategies for Gun Control Advocates\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the wake of the Parkland, Florida, school shooting, gun control advocacy organization Giffords released a TV ad criticizing Florida Gov. Rick Scott’s record on gun control. We talk to Giffords’ executive director, Peter Ambler, on what kind of change his organization wants to see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco Mayor Mark Farrell\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors appointed Mark Farrell as mayor, ousting Board of Supervisors President London Breed, who served as acting mayor following the sudden death of Mayor Ed Lee in December. In June, San Francisco voters will elect a new mayor. But until then, Farrell will face a number of challenges, including rising homelessness as the city struggles to build more affordable housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guest: Mayor Mark Farrell, City of San Francisco\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Preview: California Democratic Convention\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend, Democrats convene one last time before the June primary. Candidates from around the state are stumping in hopes of landing the party endorsement. There are also some clouds hanging over the party, including the resignation this week of state Sen. Tony Mendoza (D-Los Angeles), who stepped down in the wake of sexual harassment allegations. We get a preview of the challenges facing the state Democratic Party from KQED’s politics team.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Katie Orr, KQED politics and government reporter \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government senior editor \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Student Activists Take Up Gun Control\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida on Feb. 14 has revived a heated debate over gun control — only this time, young people are leading the charge. Their message to adults: You haven’t done enough to stop gun violence. Students across the country are staging demonstrations, rallies and walkouts, calling for lawmakers to take stronger action or face consequences at the polls this fall. We talk to two students to find out what Bay Area youth are doing to get their voices heard.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lily Conable, Encinal High School junior\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maxwell Stern, Oakland Tech High School freshman\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Strategies for Gun Control Advocates\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the wake of the Parkland, Florida, school shooting, gun control advocacy organization Giffords released a TV ad criticizing Florida Gov. Rick Scott’s record on gun control. We talk to Giffords’ executive director, Peter Ambler, on what kind of change his organization wants to see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco Mayor Mark Farrell\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors appointed Mark Farrell as mayor, ousting Board of Supervisors President London Breed, who served as acting mayor following the sudden death of Mayor Ed Lee in December. In June, San Francisco voters will elect a new mayor. But until then, Farrell will face a number of challenges, including rising homelessness as the city struggles to build more affordable housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach may be headed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Billionaire investor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/23/silicon-valley-billionaire-takes-case-over-public-beach-access-to-u-s-supreme-court/\">Vinod Khosla has asked the court to review a previous California appeals court decision\u003c/a>, which ordered him to open a beach access road to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Supreme Court agrees to hear just a small fraction of cases from petitioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coastal Act of 1972 requires that California beaches be accessible to the public. In 2008, Khosla bought 89 acres surrounding Martins Beach and has attempted since then to limit public access to the beach and to maintain it as private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach may be headed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Billionaire investor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/23/silicon-valley-billionaire-takes-case-over-public-beach-access-to-u-s-supreme-court/\">Vinod Khosla has asked the court to review a previous California appeals court decision\u003c/a>, which ordered him to open a beach access road to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Supreme Court agrees to hear just a small fraction of cases from petitioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coastal Act of 1972 requires that California beaches be accessible to the public. In 2008, Khosla bought 89 acres surrounding Martins Beach and has attempted since then to limit public access to the beach and to maintain it as private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Now That Pot Is Legal, Should You Worry About Secondhand Smoke? California Scientist Says Yes",
"title": "Now That Pot Is Legal, Should You Worry About Secondhand Smoke? California Scientist Says Yes",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Commercial sales of cannabis to recreational users began Jan. 1 in California. It hasn't been even two months in this brave new world, but new questions about marijuana's health impacts are already popping up. Is smoking cannabis bad for your health? If so, how bad? And are we talking physically or mentally? What about secondhand smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scientist at University of California San Francisco decided to tackle that last question after attending a Paul McCartney concert a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Springer doesn't remember what song the former Beatle was playing when he had a research epiphany, but he does remember that it happened when dozens of fans decided it was that time during the concert when it might be good to \"toke up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visible haze of pot smoke rose above the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in front of me started lighting up and then other people started lighting up. And for a few naive split seconds I was thinking to myself, 'Hey, they can't smoke in the AT&T Park! I'm sure that's not allowed.' And then I realized that it was all marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paul McCartney actually stopped between numbers and sniffed the air and said, ‘There's something in the air — must be San Francisco!’ ” he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s when Springer started thinking: San Franciscans would \u003cem>never \u003c/em>tolerate those levels of cigarette smoke anymore. So why were they OK with pot smoke? Did people just assume that cannabis smoke isn’t harmful the way tobacco smoke is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any good scientist, he wondered: Is that true? Or is secondhand smoke from cannabis bad for us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While anyone might have been able to ask these questions, Dr. Springer is one of the few people in the world who could actually answer them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s a pre-eminent researcher on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke\u003c/a>. He was already running tests on rats, using cigarettes, at \u003ca href=\"http://cardiolab.ucsf.edu/molcardiolab/lab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his lab\u003c/a> at UCSF. Maybe he could run the same tests using joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time I left the concert, I was resolved to at least try to make this happen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew it wouldn’t be easy. Because pot is still illegal under federal law, and Springer's research uses federal funds, he can’t just stroll down the hill and buy some from a dispensary, or from someone in Golden Gate Park. He has to purchase specially approved government cannabis and he can’t test on humans; hence, the rats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Springer puts a cigarette or joint in a plexiglass box. Then he lights it, and the chamber fills with smoke. An anesthetized rat, laying with its head sticking just inside the chamber, is exposed to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(If you’re wondering if the rodents ever get stoned, Springer said he doesn’t know, and anyway, they're asleep.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Springer and his colleagues have published research demonstrating that secondhand smoke makes it harder for the rats’ arteries to expand and allow a healthy flow of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With tobacco products, this effect lasts about 30 minutes, and then the arteries recover their normal function. But if it happens over and over, because a person is smoking cigarette after cigarette, the arterial walls can become permanently damaged, and that damage can cause blood clots, heart attack or stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer demonstrated that the exact same physiological effect occurs after inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana. Not only that, the arteries take 90 minutes to recover -- \u003cem>three times as long\u003c/em>, compared to the 30 minutes with cigarette smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer's discovery describes just one harmful impact for non-smokers exposed to marijuana smoke. Statewide sampling surveys of cannabis products sold in marijuana dispensaries have shown that cannabis products may contain \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article131391629.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous bacteria or mold\u003c/a>, or residues from \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170926/NEWS/170929857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pesticides and solvents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does requires testing for these contaminants, but the regulations are being rolled out in \u003ca href=\"http://bcc.ca.gov/about_us/documents/17-261_required_testing_chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three phases\u003c/a> over the course of 2018. And since much of the marijuana being sold now was harvested last fall, consumers will have to wait until early 2019 before they can purchase products that have been fully tested according to state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think cannabis is fine because it's 'natural,' ” Springer said. “I hear this a lot. I don't know what it means.” He concedes that tightly regulated marijuana, which has been fully tested, doesn’t have as many chemical additives as cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the cannabis tests clean, you’re still inhaling smoke, Spring emphasized, and smoke itself is bad for your lungs, heart and blood vessels. And that's just cardiovascular effects -- other researchers are still exploring the relationship between marijuana smoke and long-term cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should think of this not as an anti-THC conclusion, but an anti-smoke conclusion,” Springer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the solution simply to avoid smoke from combustion \u003cem>per se\u003c/em>, by eating cannabis-infused products, or using \"smokeless\" e-cigarette or vaping devices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer still urges caution, because vaping can have its own health effects. Even though vaping devices don’t produce smoke from combustion, they do release a cloud of aerosolized chemicals. Springer is studying the health effects of those chemicals, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this research takes time. Meanwhile, Springer worries that people might come to the wrong conclusion, that \"no news is good news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We in the public health community have been telling them for decades to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from tobacco,” Springer says. “We have not been telling them to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke for marijuana, and that's not because it's not bad for you, it's because we just haven't known. The experiments haven't been done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-smoking campaigners say we can’t afford to wait until the research is complete. Recreational pot is already a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Hallett is the president of \u003ca href=\"http://Americans%20for%20Nonsmokers%20Rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights\u003c/a>, based in Berkeley. The organization was established in 1976, before there was a lot known about the health effects of secondhand smoke from tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that cannabis is becoming more common across the country, her organization is taking it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett said some of the arguments being made in support of cannabis remind her of the arguments made on behalf of tobacco decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm seeing a parallel between this argument that, ‘Gee, we just don't have a lot of science and so therefore let's wait and see,’ ” Hallett told me. “The tobacco companies used to say the same thing about tobacco cigarettes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, you are prohibited from smoking cannabis anywhere where you’re not allowed to smoke tobacco -- that includes schools, airplanes and most workplaces. But Hallett is worried that the legalization of pot could be used to erode those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It starts on the premise of decriminalization,” she said, and then over time there’s “a chipping away at strong policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of cannabis advocates want to see pot regulated like alcohol. They want cities to issue permits for specialized smoking lounges, similar to wine bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hallett pointed out that smoke drifts and affects workers in a way that alcohol doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The difference is, if I were to spill my beer on you in a bar, it wouldn’t affect your long-term health. If I choose to smoke, it can affect the health of the person near me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot is more like tobacco in that respect — and Hallett said it should be regulated that way, at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett believes many pot smokers are still in denial -- after fighting so hard for legalization, it’s hard to admit there are potential harms. She said this time in California culture brings to mind a similar time in the 1970s and '80s, when Americans started demanding more regulations for secondhand smoke, and a new etiquette around smoking took form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to marijuana, Hallett said, “it is \u003cem>still\u003c/em> polite for you to say: ‘Would you mind not smoking around me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/menu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnolia\u003c/a>, a cannabis dispensary in Oakland, a reporter asked some regular pot smokers about what responsibilities -- if any -- they should have when it came to nearby nonsmokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that I have heard secondhand smoke in reference to cannabis,” admitted Lee Crow, a patient-services clerk at Magnolia. “I’ve tried to be courteous, just common courtesy like with anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for most of the people I talked to at Magnolia. Even the dispensary’s director of clinical services, Barbara Blaser, admits she thinks a lot about secondhand smoke from cigarettes, but not pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both of my parents died of lung cancer!” she said. “I will stop a stranger and say, 'You shouldn’t be smoking. My dad died of that!' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blaser, like many cannabis consumers, hasn't really started thinking about the health impacts of cannabis smoke -- much less its secondhand smoke -- in quite the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 calls for some of the state tax revenue from the sale of pot to be distributed to cannabis researchers. In addition, the state Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board is examining workplace hazards that are specific to the cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Californians might have already legalized pot, but have only just begun to explore the science behind the smoke and to create a new etiquette for how to handle it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by KQED Health Editor Carrie Feibel. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story first aired on \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/programs/crosscurrents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KALW’s Crosscurrents.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Commercial sales of cannabis to recreational users began Jan. 1 in California. It hasn't been even two months in this brave new world, but new questions about marijuana's health impacts are already popping up. Is smoking cannabis bad for your health? If so, how bad? And are we talking physically or mentally? What about secondhand smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scientist at University of California San Francisco decided to tackle that last question after attending a Paul McCartney concert a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Springer doesn't remember what song the former Beatle was playing when he had a research epiphany, but he does remember that it happened when dozens of fans decided it was that time during the concert when it might be good to \"toke up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visible haze of pot smoke rose above the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in front of me started lighting up and then other people started lighting up. And for a few naive split seconds I was thinking to myself, 'Hey, they can't smoke in the AT&T Park! I'm sure that's not allowed.' And then I realized that it was all marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paul McCartney actually stopped between numbers and sniffed the air and said, ‘There's something in the air — must be San Francisco!’ ” he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s when Springer started thinking: San Franciscans would \u003cem>never \u003c/em>tolerate those levels of cigarette smoke anymore. So why were they OK with pot smoke? Did people just assume that cannabis smoke isn’t harmful the way tobacco smoke is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any good scientist, he wondered: Is that true? Or is secondhand smoke from cannabis bad for us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While anyone might have been able to ask these questions, Dr. Springer is one of the few people in the world who could actually answer them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s a pre-eminent researcher on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke\u003c/a>. He was already running tests on rats, using cigarettes, at \u003ca href=\"http://cardiolab.ucsf.edu/molcardiolab/lab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his lab\u003c/a> at UCSF. Maybe he could run the same tests using joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time I left the concert, I was resolved to at least try to make this happen,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew it wouldn’t be easy. Because pot is still illegal under federal law, and Springer's research uses federal funds, he can’t just stroll down the hill and buy some from a dispensary, or from someone in Golden Gate Park. He has to purchase specially approved government cannabis and he can’t test on humans; hence, the rats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Springer puts a cigarette or joint in a plexiglass box. Then he lights it, and the chamber fills with smoke. An anesthetized rat, laying with its head sticking just inside the chamber, is exposed to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(If you’re wondering if the rodents ever get stoned, Springer said he doesn’t know, and anyway, they're asleep.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Springer and his colleagues have published research demonstrating that secondhand smoke makes it harder for the rats’ arteries to expand and allow a healthy flow of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With tobacco products, this effect lasts about 30 minutes, and then the arteries recover their normal function. But if it happens over and over, because a person is smoking cigarette after cigarette, the arterial walls can become permanently damaged, and that damage can cause blood clots, heart attack or stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer demonstrated that the exact same physiological effect occurs after inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana. Not only that, the arteries take 90 minutes to recover -- \u003cem>three times as long\u003c/em>, compared to the 30 minutes with cigarette smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer's discovery describes just one harmful impact for non-smokers exposed to marijuana smoke. Statewide sampling surveys of cannabis products sold in marijuana dispensaries have shown that cannabis products may contain \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article131391629.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous bacteria or mold\u003c/a>, or residues from \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170926/NEWS/170929857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pesticides and solvents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does requires testing for these contaminants, but the regulations are being rolled out in \u003ca href=\"http://bcc.ca.gov/about_us/documents/17-261_required_testing_chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three phases\u003c/a> over the course of 2018. And since much of the marijuana being sold now was harvested last fall, consumers will have to wait until early 2019 before they can purchase products that have been fully tested according to state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think cannabis is fine because it's 'natural,' ” Springer said. “I hear this a lot. I don't know what it means.” He concedes that tightly regulated marijuana, which has been fully tested, doesn’t have as many chemical additives as cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the cannabis tests clean, you’re still inhaling smoke, Spring emphasized, and smoke itself is bad for your lungs, heart and blood vessels. And that's just cardiovascular effects -- other researchers are still exploring the relationship between marijuana smoke and long-term cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should think of this not as an anti-THC conclusion, but an anti-smoke conclusion,” Springer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the solution simply to avoid smoke from combustion \u003cem>per se\u003c/em>, by eating cannabis-infused products, or using \"smokeless\" e-cigarette or vaping devices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer still urges caution, because vaping can have its own health effects. Even though vaping devices don’t produce smoke from combustion, they do release a cloud of aerosolized chemicals. Springer is studying the health effects of those chemicals, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this research takes time. Meanwhile, Springer worries that people might come to the wrong conclusion, that \"no news is good news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We in the public health community have been telling them for decades to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from tobacco,” Springer says. “We have not been telling them to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke for marijuana, and that's not because it's not bad for you, it's because we just haven't known. The experiments haven't been done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-smoking campaigners say we can’t afford to wait until the research is complete. Recreational pot is already a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Hallett is the president of \u003ca href=\"http://Americans%20for%20Nonsmokers%20Rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights\u003c/a>, based in Berkeley. The organization was established in 1976, before there was a lot known about the health effects of secondhand smoke from tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that cannabis is becoming more common across the country, her organization is taking it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett said some of the arguments being made in support of cannabis remind her of the arguments made on behalf of tobacco decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm seeing a parallel between this argument that, ‘Gee, we just don't have a lot of science and so therefore let's wait and see,’ ” Hallett told me. “The tobacco companies used to say the same thing about tobacco cigarettes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, you are prohibited from smoking cannabis anywhere where you’re not allowed to smoke tobacco -- that includes schools, airplanes and most workplaces. But Hallett is worried that the legalization of pot could be used to erode those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It starts on the premise of decriminalization,” she said, and then over time there’s “a chipping away at strong policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of cannabis advocates want to see pot regulated like alcohol. They want cities to issue permits for specialized smoking lounges, similar to wine bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hallett pointed out that smoke drifts and affects workers in a way that alcohol doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The difference is, if I were to spill my beer on you in a bar, it wouldn’t affect your long-term health. If I choose to smoke, it can affect the health of the person near me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot is more like tobacco in that respect — and Hallett said it should be regulated that way, at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett believes many pot smokers are still in denial -- after fighting so hard for legalization, it’s hard to admit there are potential harms. She said this time in California culture brings to mind a similar time in the 1970s and '80s, when Americans started demanding more regulations for secondhand smoke, and a new etiquette around smoking took form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to marijuana, Hallett said, “it is \u003cem>still\u003c/em> polite for you to say: ‘Would you mind not smoking around me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/menu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnolia\u003c/a>, a cannabis dispensary in Oakland, a reporter asked some regular pot smokers about what responsibilities -- if any -- they should have when it came to nearby nonsmokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that I have heard secondhand smoke in reference to cannabis,” admitted Lee Crow, a patient-services clerk at Magnolia. “I’ve tried to be courteous, just common courtesy like with anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for most of the people I talked to at Magnolia. Even the dispensary’s director of clinical services, Barbara Blaser, admits she thinks a lot about secondhand smoke from cigarettes, but not pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both of my parents died of lung cancer!” she said. “I will stop a stranger and say, 'You shouldn’t be smoking. My dad died of that!' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blaser, like many cannabis consumers, hasn't really started thinking about the health impacts of cannabis smoke -- much less its secondhand smoke -- in quite the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 calls for some of the state tax revenue from the sale of pot to be distributed to cannabis researchers. In addition, the state Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board is examining workplace hazards that are specific to the cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Californians might have already legalized pot, but have only just begun to explore the science behind the smoke and to create a new etiquette for how to handle it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by KQED Health Editor Carrie Feibel. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Orange County Starts Clearing River Encampments, Issuing Motel Vouchers to Homeless",
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"content": "\u003cp>Orange County on Tuesday began a court-ordered effort to clear encampments from the Santa Ana riverbed and provide alternative shelter for the estimated 400 homeless people living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At midmorning, about 100 people, some carrying packed suitcases, stood in line before tables of county employees across from the Honda Center, waiting to check in for motel vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a deal struck last week between county officials and lawyers representing homeless people camped at the riverbed, the county is offering food and motel vouchers for a minimum of 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jillrep/status/966000110285942784\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As those in line gave their names, county employees checked to see if they were on a list of riverbed residents compiled by the sheriff’s department and homeless outreach workers. Those on the list were told to wait for a motel voucher. Those not on the list were told they could go to a homeless shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County homeless czar Susan Price said the county was on track to locate a sufficient number of motel rooms for residents of the riverbed encampment, including a deal to lease 100 rooms at one motel. County lawyers had filed a court brief over the weekend reporting difficulties finding motels willing to house the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Price, 144 people have been moved into motels since Feb. 14, and a few have already been evicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3M95AHaLg0vfRpGhjMmA77pWwaYwZKeP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price acknowledged that some motel owners had backed out of offers to accept riverbed homeless people after hearing reports of bad conduct by some who have accepted motel vouchers. But she vowed to find housing to fulfill the judge’s order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Incrementally, we’ll make anything happen and we are doing that each and every day,” Price said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said cars had been dropping homeless people off at the riverbed in recent days, complicating the county’s effort to comply with a judge’s order to provide shelter for those who had been camped long term along the riverbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Carol Sobel, one of the lawyers representing homeless people camped along the riverbed, said some long-term campers had left the riverbed only in recent weeks and should be eligible for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman, Brandy Phelps, said she came to the riverbed Monday with her two sons, ages 14 and 16, in hopes of getting a 30-day motel voucher. She said she has been homeless since November and has been bouncing around between motels and shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was hoping for a little breather to be able to get something going,” she said. “Be able to plant my stuff and my kids somewhere and not have to worry for a few days, and be able to get hustling and working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A county worker told Phelps she would try to find an alternative for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serena Welch, who has lived along the riverbed for more than four years, waited in line Tuesday morning carrying a pink backpack and trying to keep track of her small dog. She carried a county-issued ID card that she got Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2l4w3vfcR8Ns0uClllIeImOyp4pCrG4a\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeless people have been unable to move into motels because they lacked valid identification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch said she was tired of standing in lines but was hopeful that a motel stay would help her get back on her feet. She said her adult son, who had also been living at the river, had gotten a motel voucher in recent days and was now looking for an apartment for both of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just need to get myself into a motel until then so I can get myself together,” Welch said. \"This had to happen for me to start doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the front of the line, a county worker found Welch’s name on the list and directed her to wait for transportation to a motel. Welch said she’d come to collect the rest of her belongings once she was settled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel, the lawyer, called the county’s process for offering motel vouchers on Tuesday “a little bit chaotic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be amazing if they actually get people cleared out today,” she said. Judge David O. Carter, who signed off on the deal to clear the riverbed, has said he wants the area to be cleared by the end of the day, if possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter lifted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/judge-halts-clearing-of-orange-county-homeless-encampments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporary restraining order \u003c/a>Tuesday morning that has prevented the county from clearing homeless people out of the area without offering them alternative housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Sawyer, a captain with the Orange County Sheriff’s Department, said deputies could start arresting people who refuse to move by the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know from prior experiences out here that not everyone is going to accept the resources we’re offering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter gave his tentative approval to the plan last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hours of closed-door negotiations between county officials and lawyers for the homeless, Orange County Supervisor Andrew Do told the judge that the county would commit to offering up to 400 hotel rooms for people currently camped out at the riverbed. He later said the county would pay for them for up to 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do also pledged an additional 60 beds that would be placed in temporary structures in the parking lot of a county homeless shelter in Anaheim, 100 beds at a women’s shelter and some 200 beds that could be placed in tents at two county-owned parking lots in Orange and Santa Ana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QqIRuo8cA4nY59xJoB7xsMWalPYMYTfH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do later said that the new emergency shelters in parking lots would be offered as places for people to go after the 30 days in hotel rooms. He said wraparound services, like case management and mental health support, would also be offered to those who accept the hotel vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s hearing was the first court date in a lawsuit filed by advocates for the homeless seeking to halt the county’s plans to clear the sprawling riverbed homeless encampment. Earlier this month, Carter ordered the county to temporarily stop telling homeless people to leave, pending the outcome of the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also took aim at the cities of Anaheim, Orange and Costa Mesa for their anti-camping and anti-loitering ordinances. Advocates for the homeless argue that people removed from the riverbed would be forced to move into surrounding cities, where they would face punishment for violating local anti-camping laws.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Orange County on Tuesday began a court-ordered effort to clear encampments from the Santa Ana riverbed and provide alternative shelter for the estimated 400 homeless people living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At midmorning, about 100 people, some carrying packed suitcases, stood in line before tables of county employees across from the Honda Center, waiting to check in for motel vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a deal struck last week between county officials and lawyers representing homeless people camped at the riverbed, the county is offering food and motel vouchers for a minimum of 30 days.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>As those in line gave their names, county employees checked to see if they were on a list of riverbed residents compiled by the sheriff’s department and homeless outreach workers. Those on the list were told to wait for a motel voucher. Those not on the list were told they could go to a homeless shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County homeless czar Susan Price said the county was on track to locate a sufficient number of motel rooms for residents of the riverbed encampment, including a deal to lease 100 rooms at one motel. County lawyers had filed a court brief over the weekend reporting difficulties finding motels willing to house the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Price, 144 people have been moved into motels since Feb. 14, and a few have already been evicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price acknowledged that some motel owners had backed out of offers to accept riverbed homeless people after hearing reports of bad conduct by some who have accepted motel vouchers. But she vowed to find housing to fulfill the judge’s order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Incrementally, we’ll make anything happen and we are doing that each and every day,” Price said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said cars had been dropping homeless people off at the riverbed in recent days, complicating the county’s effort to comply with a judge’s order to provide shelter for those who had been camped long term along the riverbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Carol Sobel, one of the lawyers representing homeless people camped along the riverbed, said some long-term campers had left the riverbed only in recent weeks and should be eligible for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman, Brandy Phelps, said she came to the riverbed Monday with her two sons, ages 14 and 16, in hopes of getting a 30-day motel voucher. She said she has been homeless since November and has been bouncing around between motels and shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was hoping for a little breather to be able to get something going,” she said. “Be able to plant my stuff and my kids somewhere and not have to worry for a few days, and be able to get hustling and working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A county worker told Phelps she would try to find an alternative for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serena Welch, who has lived along the riverbed for more than four years, waited in line Tuesday morning carrying a pink backpack and trying to keep track of her small dog. She carried a county-issued ID card that she got Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeless people have been unable to move into motels because they lacked valid identification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch said she was tired of standing in lines but was hopeful that a motel stay would help her get back on her feet. She said her adult son, who had also been living at the river, had gotten a motel voucher in recent days and was now looking for an apartment for both of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just need to get myself into a motel until then so I can get myself together,” Welch said. \"This had to happen for me to start doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the front of the line, a county worker found Welch’s name on the list and directed her to wait for transportation to a motel. Welch said she’d come to collect the rest of her belongings once she was settled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel, the lawyer, called the county’s process for offering motel vouchers on Tuesday “a little bit chaotic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be amazing if they actually get people cleared out today,” she said. Judge David O. Carter, who signed off on the deal to clear the riverbed, has said he wants the area to be cleared by the end of the day, if possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter lifted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/judge-halts-clearing-of-orange-county-homeless-encampments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporary restraining order \u003c/a>Tuesday morning that has prevented the county from clearing homeless people out of the area without offering them alternative housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Sawyer, a captain with the Orange County Sheriff’s Department, said deputies could start arresting people who refuse to move by the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know from prior experiences out here that not everyone is going to accept the resources we’re offering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter gave his tentative approval to the plan last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hours of closed-door negotiations between county officials and lawyers for the homeless, Orange County Supervisor Andrew Do told the judge that the county would commit to offering up to 400 hotel rooms for people currently camped out at the riverbed. He later said the county would pay for them for up to 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do also pledged an additional 60 beds that would be placed in temporary structures in the parking lot of a county homeless shelter in Anaheim, 100 beds at a women’s shelter and some 200 beds that could be placed in tents at two county-owned parking lots in Orange and Santa Ana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do later said that the new emergency shelters in parking lots would be offered as places for people to go after the 30 days in hotel rooms. He said wraparound services, like case management and mental health support, would also be offered to those who accept the hotel vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s hearing was the first court date in a lawsuit filed by advocates for the homeless seeking to halt the county’s plans to clear the sprawling riverbed homeless encampment. Earlier this month, Carter ordered the county to temporarily stop telling homeless people to leave, pending the outcome of the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also took aim at the cities of Anaheim, Orange and Costa Mesa for their anti-camping and anti-loitering ordinances. Advocates for the homeless argue that people removed from the riverbed would be forced to move into surrounding cities, where they would face punishment for violating local anti-camping laws.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Drought Returns, Water Use Climbs in Southern California Enclaves",
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"content": "\u003cp>Overall water use is climbing in Southern California as parts of the state plunge back into drought, driving state and regional water managers to consider permanently reinstating some watering bans and conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown lifted California's drought emergency status a year ago, after a wet winter that snapped a historic 2013-2017 drought, and the state ended his 25 percent mandatory conservation order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use has been moving steadily upward since then, especially in a six-county area of Southern California that includes the biggest chunk of the state's nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"oPPjM8Xqvfmf7abEWZUbgLuHqGMmYiqi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use there was up 3 percent in December, the last month for which figures are available, compared to the same month in 2013 before mandatory conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the biggest offenders are well-off communities, with sweeping lawns to keep alive. The average residential user in one Malibu water district, for instance, used 255 gallons a day, according to the state water board — three times the U.S. average of 83 gallons per person per day. It's also up 7 percent from the same month in 2013, before Brown ordered the 25 percent conservation by cities and towns in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district for La Canada Flintridge, an enclave north of Pasadena, hit 270 gallons of water per person, per day in December. Residents of an east Orange County water district used 203 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a fall and winter that have brought Los Angeles less than one-fourth of normal rainfall, \"you still see thick green lawns\" in some communities, said Conner Everts, a Los Angeles-based conservation specialist who works with nonprofits and government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Silva, a 57-year-old homemaker from the Orange County city of Santa Ana, wasn't lured by multimillion-dollar rebate programs during the drought that paid homeowners to remove thirsty lawns, and admits to her husband giving their lawn extra water since conservation orders eased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva said she's glad to have her green grass back after seeing it turn brown during the drought. She doesn't plan to swap it out for drought-tolerant landscaping as some of her neighbors in arid Southern California have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KLk7MNKyUHyxQCSSLd6pLj2GXEMhfFo4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I like the lawn,\" she said. \"I don't like the desert look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other Southern California communities have winnowed water use to well below the national average over successive droughts, water officials say. Residents of lower-income communities — with much less lawn — are some of the heroes when it comes to keeping water use down. That includes residents of East Los Angeles, who used an average of 42 gallons a day, and people in Huntington Park, who got by on just 34 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drought.gov/drought/states/california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought monitors this month\u003c/a> declared parts of Southern California back in severe drought, just months after the state emerged from that category of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A winter of shorts and T-shirts, record warm days and growing worry over water supply in Southern California are leading California's Water Resources Control Board to consider next week whether to permanently reinstate some bans on water use that were imposed during the drought state of emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If board members say yes, a handful of old-style water practices including using a hose to wash down sidewalks, and leaving automatic sprinklers on during and just after a rain, would be specifically outlawed statewide and could draw $500 fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pending state legislation, meanwhile, would also give local water districts that kind of enforcement power over wasteful water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members of the Los Angeles-area Metropolitan Water District, the nation's largest urban water wholesaler, also are looking this winter and spring at making drought-style public-education conservation campaigns on social and news media permanent, along with programs encouraging homeowners to replace lawns. More than two-thirds of the water households consume is used outdoors, chiefly for lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JOSe0op8nbnJhPOVgdlbH6pU7LAMa6o4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permanent water restrictions that the state is looking at acknowledge that what California is facing now is growing extremes in wet spells and dry spells, not just the occasional drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measures are about \"transforming the relationship we have with water, which is increasingly scarce due to climate change,\" said Max Gomberg, a leader of water conservation programs at the state water agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the country's top state economy and agricultural producer, depends on 700 miles of canals and pipelines and a network of dams, reservoirs and pumps to pipe water from the wetter north to Silicon Valley and the farms and population centers of the Central Valley and Southern California. Weather trends are undermining the state's complex water system, however. Rising temperatures and changing storm patterns mean less snow is falling in the Sierra Nevada. Much of the snow that does fall melts in place before spring runoff ever reaches the reservoirs that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water reservoirs are full from last winter's welcome, near-record rain. But if Californians draw them down over a dry year, and \"we head back into next winter and it's really dry, we're right back in emergency this time next year,\" Gomberg said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Overall water use is climbing in Southern California as parts of the state plunge back into drought, driving state and regional water managers to consider permanently reinstating some watering bans and conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown lifted California's drought emergency status a year ago, after a wet winter that snapped a historic 2013-2017 drought, and the state ended his 25 percent mandatory conservation order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use has been moving steadily upward since then, especially in a six-county area of Southern California that includes the biggest chunk of the state's nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use there was up 3 percent in December, the last month for which figures are available, compared to the same month in 2013 before mandatory conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the biggest offenders are well-off communities, with sweeping lawns to keep alive. The average residential user in one Malibu water district, for instance, used 255 gallons a day, according to the state water board — three times the U.S. average of 83 gallons per person per day. It's also up 7 percent from the same month in 2013, before Brown ordered the 25 percent conservation by cities and towns in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district for La Canada Flintridge, an enclave north of Pasadena, hit 270 gallons of water per person, per day in December. Residents of an east Orange County water district used 203 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a fall and winter that have brought Los Angeles less than one-fourth of normal rainfall, \"you still see thick green lawns\" in some communities, said Conner Everts, a Los Angeles-based conservation specialist who works with nonprofits and government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Silva, a 57-year-old homemaker from the Orange County city of Santa Ana, wasn't lured by multimillion-dollar rebate programs during the drought that paid homeowners to remove thirsty lawns, and admits to her husband giving their lawn extra water since conservation orders eased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva said she's glad to have her green grass back after seeing it turn brown during the drought. She doesn't plan to swap it out for drought-tolerant landscaping as some of her neighbors in arid Southern California have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I like the lawn,\" she said. \"I don't like the desert look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other Southern California communities have winnowed water use to well below the national average over successive droughts, water officials say. Residents of lower-income communities — with much less lawn — are some of the heroes when it comes to keeping water use down. That includes residents of East Los Angeles, who used an average of 42 gallons a day, and people in Huntington Park, who got by on just 34 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drought.gov/drought/states/california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought monitors this month\u003c/a> declared parts of Southern California back in severe drought, just months after the state emerged from that category of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A winter of shorts and T-shirts, record warm days and growing worry over water supply in Southern California are leading California's Water Resources Control Board to consider next week whether to permanently reinstate some bans on water use that were imposed during the drought state of emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If board members say yes, a handful of old-style water practices including using a hose to wash down sidewalks, and leaving automatic sprinklers on during and just after a rain, would be specifically outlawed statewide and could draw $500 fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pending state legislation, meanwhile, would also give local water districts that kind of enforcement power over wasteful water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members of the Los Angeles-area Metropolitan Water District, the nation's largest urban water wholesaler, also are looking this winter and spring at making drought-style public-education conservation campaigns on social and news media permanent, along with programs encouraging homeowners to replace lawns. More than two-thirds of the water households consume is used outdoors, chiefly for lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permanent water restrictions that the state is looking at acknowledge that what California is facing now is growing extremes in wet spells and dry spells, not just the occasional drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measures are about \"transforming the relationship we have with water, which is increasingly scarce due to climate change,\" said Max Gomberg, a leader of water conservation programs at the state water agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the country's top state economy and agricultural producer, depends on 700 miles of canals and pipelines and a network of dams, reservoirs and pumps to pipe water from the wetter north to Silicon Valley and the farms and population centers of the Central Valley and Southern California. Weather trends are undermining the state's complex water system, however. Rising temperatures and changing storm patterns mean less snow is falling in the Sierra Nevada. Much of the snow that does fall melts in place before spring runoff ever reaches the reservoirs that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water reservoirs are full from last winter's welcome, near-record rain. But if Californians draw them down over a dry year, and \"we head back into next winter and it's really dry, we're right back in emergency this time next year,\" Gomberg said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Betty Reid Soskin has seen a lot in her 96 years. During World War II, Soskin worked as a file clerk helping African-American workers. She was active in the civil rights struggle and founded a record store in Berkeley that still stands today. Currently she’s the oldest full-time national park ranger and works at the Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, where she helps visitors understand the contributions of women and African-Americans to the war effort. Her new book, \u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayhouse.com/sign-my-name-to-freedom-ebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sign My Name to Freedom\u003c/a>,\u003c/i> chronicles her remarkable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: Betty Reid Soskin, Author, \u003ci>Sign My Name to Freedom\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Betty Reid Soskin has seen a lot in her 96 years. During World War II, Soskin worked as a file clerk helping African-American workers. She was active in the civil rights struggle and founded a record store in Berkeley that still stands today. Currently she’s the oldest full-time national park ranger and works at the Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, where she helps visitors understand the contributions of women and African-Americans to the war effort. Her new book, \u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayhouse.com/sign-my-name-to-freedom-ebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sign My Name to Freedom\u003c/a>,\u003c/i> chronicles her remarkable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: Betty Reid Soskin, Author, \u003ci>Sign My Name to Freedom\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Attorneys representing victims of the Thomas Fire have filed a temporary restraining order asking a judge to stop the utility company -- Southern California Edison -- from removing power lines that, attorneys say, could be potential evidence in determining the cause and origin of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Santa Barbara County judge will hold a hearing Tuesday to make a decision about the request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two months after the Thomas Fire tore through Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, burning 281,893 acres and destroying 1,000 structures, investigators still haven’t determined a cause. In the weeks after the fire, residents filed a number of lawsuits putting the blame on local utility companies and seeking the cost to repair their properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/02/ThomasFireNeely180216.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/PowerLines-1180x838.jpg\" Title=\"After the Thomas Fire, a Fight Over the Repair of Power Lines\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys believe, in removing damaged lines, SoCal Edison is compromising the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we wanted to do with the restraining order is just ask the court to preserve the status quo until we can work out some sort of protocol with Edison to allow, not only our fire investigators, but all of the other parties who are interested in having access to the same evidence,\" said Alex Robertson, one of the attorneys representing approximately 100 plaintiffs whose homes burned or were destroyed by the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/montecito/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montecito Mudslide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"I72HNaPGmI1I9vGfEGaejNxpfo1ZMNtZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Southern California Edison said it \"believes the granting of the requested temporary restraining order would harm the public interest by further delaying the restoration of power to customers in the Anlauf Canyon area who have been without utility service since December 4, 2017, as well as leaving in place fire-damaged poles that pose a safety risk to the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said that all poles are photographed and tagged and stored in a \"secure, weather-protected evidence preservation facility,\" which interested parties will have the opportunity to inspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson said once power poles and lines are moved, it's a lot harder to determine whether they played a role in the wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We then have to put all of the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle back together again, so it’s a lot different than seeing it in place and looking up and saying, ‘Oh there’s a charred power line.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/lawmaker-why-is-it-taking-years-to-map-fire-hazards-from-utilities/\">approved strict new regulations \u003c/a>requiring large utility companies to do more to prevent power lines from starting fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County Fire officials say it's taking longer than usual to determine the cause because of the number of counties and agencies involved in the investigation. More than $1.8 billion in insurance claims have been filed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Attorneys representing victims of the Thomas Fire have filed a temporary restraining order asking a judge to stop the utility company -- Southern California Edison -- from removing power lines that, attorneys say, could be potential evidence in determining the cause and origin of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Santa Barbara County judge will hold a hearing Tuesday to make a decision about the request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two months after the Thomas Fire tore through Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, burning 281,893 acres and destroying 1,000 structures, investigators still haven’t determined a cause. In the weeks after the fire, residents filed a number of lawsuits putting the blame on local utility companies and seeking the cost to repair their properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we wanted to do with the restraining order is just ask the court to preserve the status quo until we can work out some sort of protocol with Edison to allow, not only our fire investigators, but all of the other parties who are interested in having access to the same evidence,\" said Alex Robertson, one of the attorneys representing approximately 100 plaintiffs whose homes burned or were destroyed by the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/montecito/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montecito Mudslide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Southern California Edison said it \"believes the granting of the requested temporary restraining order would harm the public interest by further delaying the restoration of power to customers in the Anlauf Canyon area who have been without utility service since December 4, 2017, as well as leaving in place fire-damaged poles that pose a safety risk to the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said that all poles are photographed and tagged and stored in a \"secure, weather-protected evidence preservation facility,\" which interested parties will have the opportunity to inspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson said once power poles and lines are moved, it's a lot harder to determine whether they played a role in the wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We then have to put all of the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle back together again, so it’s a lot different than seeing it in place and looking up and saying, ‘Oh there’s a charred power line.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/lawmaker-why-is-it-taking-years-to-map-fire-hazards-from-utilities/\">approved strict new regulations \u003c/a>requiring large utility companies to do more to prevent power lines from starting fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventura County Fire officials say it's taking longer than usual to determine the cause because of the number of counties and agencies involved in the investigation. More than $1.8 billion in insurance claims have been filed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "40-million-later-effort-to-boost-californias-white-seabass-stocks-shows-little-success",
"title": "$40 Million Later, Effort to Boost California's White Seabass Stocks Shows Little Success",
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"content": "\u003cp>Back in 1983, it seemed like a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local populations of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/NCCFRMP/White-Seabass\">white seabass\u003c/a> — a favorite among recreational and commercial fishermen, prized for its mild, tender, flaky white flesh — were declining. While a fishery management plan didn’t exist back then, sports fishermen had noticed a decline in their catches and asked officials for help. State lawmakers then reached out to the marine biologists at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego to see if they could boost stocks by trying something unusual — raising the fish in a hatchery and releasing them into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t an entirely new idea. Americans have been attempting to raise fish in hatcheries in some form or another for at least 150 years. But this would be the first time scientists would try it with white seabass, launching a program that would become a model for other states hoping to bolster waning populations of wild fish — a process known as marine enhancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as is often the case, things weren’t so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 35 years and nearly $40 million later, the future of the Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program (as it’s formally called) is in jeopardy: The first \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=154110&inline\">formal scientific evaluation\u003c/a> has concluded that the program had increased white seabass populations by less than 1 percent — a stunningly low success rate. Compare that to Alaska’s salmon hatchery program, which typically accounts for one-third of the state’s total harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that if you’re going to enhance stocks using a hatchery, species matters, and white seabass may not have been the best starting point. The hatchery-grown seabass suffered from high mortality rates within the first few months of being released into the wild. Even with tiny tags embedded in their heads, tracking them in the open ocean proved difficult. Of the more than 2 million fish that have been released since the program’s start, only 199 adult and just over 1,770 juvenile white seabass have been recaptured as of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike salmon, which are hardwired to return to their original spawning grounds (or hatchery stream), making them easy to count, white seabass roam without returning. And over the years, there were plenty of significant challenges to overcome: developing broodstock; caring for fish in their most sensitive larval stages; determining when and how to successfully release young fish into the wild; figuring out the best temperatures and feed mix to produce thriving fish; and trying to understand why exactly the breeding program continued to see malformed fish — a factor that also likely contributed to low survival numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1983, the idea to grow and release white seabass was a bold one. Even to this day, the program is considered a pioneer of marine enhancement efforts. It currently falls under the authority of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, but much of the work and expertise come from researchers at Hubbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should we have started the project with a different fish? It’s something we talk about quite a bit,” says Mark Drawbridge, a senior research scientist at the institute, who joined the program in 1989. “I think halibut [a fish that was considered in the program’s early stages] would have been easier in a lot of ways. But the halibut research was discontinued because there wasn’t enough funding to go around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An enhancement program that garners less than a 1 percent bump in white seabass stocks might easily be dismissed as a failure. But officials from state and federal governments, as well as researchers from California Sea Grant and the science advisory committee that performed the evaluation, all say not so fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Was the ultimate goal scientific knowledge? No, it was to enhance the wild populations. But there’s a lot of [scientific] value from what we gained, even if we didn’t reach that ultimate goal,” says Kathryn Johnson, an environmental scientist at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Rust, a science adviser for NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture, says information gained from the program is in some ways as valuable as the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With stock enhancement programs, you have the opportunity to tag a whole group of fish, put them in the ecosystem, see where they go, what they eat and how they grow at different temperatures. The value is in the information you get. From NOAA’s perspective, the enhancement is a bonus,” says Rust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While marine enhancement programs may not capture the public’s attention or media spotlight in the way that oyster and salmon farming do, there are several programs in operation around the country. Alaska’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishinghatcheries.main\">salmon fishery enhancement program\u003c/a> might be the best known, but there are also marine enhancement programs in \u003ca href=\"https://tpwd.texas.gov/fishing/sea-center-texas/marine-fish-hatchery\">Texas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://myfwc.com/research/saltwater/stock-enhancement/general-information/marine/\">Florida\u003c/a> and South Carolina hatching and releasing economically important species like red drum, snook, spotted sea trout, southern flounder \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/stocking/research/cobiaenhancement.html\">and cobia\u003c/a>. The Texas red drum marine enhancement program, for example, is considered a success, with return rates that vary from just 0.2 percent to 17 percent, depending on the bay where samples were taken, the year and the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But measuring success can be tricky, when perhaps the more pointed question should be: Do marine enhancement programs actually do anything to fix the underlying problem of why a stock needs a boost in the first place? In the case of white seabass, the answer is no. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.capamresearch.org/sites/default/files/WSB_SA_Report_Summary_2016.pdf\">2016 stock assessment\u003c/a> of California white seabass showed stocks are currently considered depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kai Lorenzen, a professor of integrative fisheries science at the University of Florida, says there’s been a shift in thinking about the way marine enhancement programs might best be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the white seabass program was conceived, there was the idea [that] enhancing a fishery would be a good thing as long as you applied careful genetic management. But since then, our understanding of enhancement programs has evolved,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using these programs to sustain or rebuild a very small population that would be lost would be a good use, he says. Stocking fish to be recaptured rather than to enhance the natural population — like Alaska’s program — could also be considered a good use. And, as climate change brings with it changes in ocean conditions, enhancement programs might become a critical tool for fisheries managers, especially for species that are sensitive to water temperature changes in their early lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to some of \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12573/abstract\">Lorenzen’s research\u003c/a>, many marine enhancement programs simply fail to deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having looked at many, maybe one-third of enhancement [programs] would be successful on some criteria,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings in the new report will likely prompt other states to reassess their own marine enhancement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will decide to end its program and close the hatchery or move forward with a different species is yet to be decided. The state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife is planning to hold a set of regional public meetings in the coming months to gather input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That input — from scientists, fishermen and the public — will be critical to the future of marine enhancement programs, says Theresa Sinicrope Talley, a coastal specialist with California Sea Grant who led the review of the seabass program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether enhancement programs like this are considered a success or not, depends on the goals — what the state and society decide they really want out of these programs,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (FERN), a nonprofit investigative journalism organization.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%2440+Million+Later%2C+A+Pioneering+Plan+To+Boost+Wild+Fish+Stocks+Shows+Little+Success+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in 1983, it seemed like a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local populations of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/NCCFRMP/White-Seabass\">white seabass\u003c/a> — a favorite among recreational and commercial fishermen, prized for its mild, tender, flaky white flesh — were declining. While a fishery management plan didn’t exist back then, sports fishermen had noticed a decline in their catches and asked officials for help. State lawmakers then reached out to the marine biologists at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego to see if they could boost stocks by trying something unusual — raising the fish in a hatchery and releasing them into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t an entirely new idea. Americans have been attempting to raise fish in hatcheries in some form or another for at least 150 years. But this would be the first time scientists would try it with white seabass, launching a program that would become a model for other states hoping to bolster waning populations of wild fish — a process known as marine enhancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as is often the case, things weren’t so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 35 years and nearly $40 million later, the future of the Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program (as it’s formally called) is in jeopardy: The first \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=154110&inline\">formal scientific evaluation\u003c/a> has concluded that the program had increased white seabass populations by less than 1 percent — a stunningly low success rate. Compare that to Alaska’s salmon hatchery program, which typically accounts for one-third of the state’s total harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that if you’re going to enhance stocks using a hatchery, species matters, and white seabass may not have been the best starting point. The hatchery-grown seabass suffered from high mortality rates within the first few months of being released into the wild. Even with tiny tags embedded in their heads, tracking them in the open ocean proved difficult. Of the more than 2 million fish that have been released since the program’s start, only 199 adult and just over 1,770 juvenile white seabass have been recaptured as of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike salmon, which are hardwired to return to their original spawning grounds (or hatchery stream), making them easy to count, white seabass roam without returning. And over the years, there were plenty of significant challenges to overcome: developing broodstock; caring for fish in their most sensitive larval stages; determining when and how to successfully release young fish into the wild; figuring out the best temperatures and feed mix to produce thriving fish; and trying to understand why exactly the breeding program continued to see malformed fish — a factor that also likely contributed to low survival numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1983, the idea to grow and release white seabass was a bold one. Even to this day, the program is considered a pioneer of marine enhancement efforts. It currently falls under the authority of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, but much of the work and expertise come from researchers at Hubbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should we have started the project with a different fish? It’s something we talk about quite a bit,” says Mark Drawbridge, a senior research scientist at the institute, who joined the program in 1989. “I think halibut [a fish that was considered in the program’s early stages] would have been easier in a lot of ways. But the halibut research was discontinued because there wasn’t enough funding to go around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An enhancement program that garners less than a 1 percent bump in white seabass stocks might easily be dismissed as a failure. But officials from state and federal governments, as well as researchers from California Sea Grant and the science advisory committee that performed the evaluation, all say not so fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Was the ultimate goal scientific knowledge? No, it was to enhance the wild populations. But there’s a lot of [scientific] value from what we gained, even if we didn’t reach that ultimate goal,” says Kathryn Johnson, an environmental scientist at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Rust, a science adviser for NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture, says information gained from the program is in some ways as valuable as the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With stock enhancement programs, you have the opportunity to tag a whole group of fish, put them in the ecosystem, see where they go, what they eat and how they grow at different temperatures. The value is in the information you get. From NOAA’s perspective, the enhancement is a bonus,” says Rust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While marine enhancement programs may not capture the public’s attention or media spotlight in the way that oyster and salmon farming do, there are several programs in operation around the country. Alaska’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishinghatcheries.main\">salmon fishery enhancement program\u003c/a> might be the best known, but there are also marine enhancement programs in \u003ca href=\"https://tpwd.texas.gov/fishing/sea-center-texas/marine-fish-hatchery\">Texas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://myfwc.com/research/saltwater/stock-enhancement/general-information/marine/\">Florida\u003c/a> and South Carolina hatching and releasing economically important species like red drum, snook, spotted sea trout, southern flounder \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/stocking/research/cobiaenhancement.html\">and cobia\u003c/a>. The Texas red drum marine enhancement program, for example, is considered a success, with return rates that vary from just 0.2 percent to 17 percent, depending on the bay where samples were taken, the year and the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But measuring success can be tricky, when perhaps the more pointed question should be: Do marine enhancement programs actually do anything to fix the underlying problem of why a stock needs a boost in the first place? In the case of white seabass, the answer is no. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.capamresearch.org/sites/default/files/WSB_SA_Report_Summary_2016.pdf\">2016 stock assessment\u003c/a> of California white seabass showed stocks are currently considered depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kai Lorenzen, a professor of integrative fisheries science at the University of Florida, says there’s been a shift in thinking about the way marine enhancement programs might best be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the white seabass program was conceived, there was the idea [that] enhancing a fishery would be a good thing as long as you applied careful genetic management. But since then, our understanding of enhancement programs has evolved,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using these programs to sustain or rebuild a very small population that would be lost would be a good use, he says. Stocking fish to be recaptured rather than to enhance the natural population — like Alaska’s program — could also be considered a good use. And, as climate change brings with it changes in ocean conditions, enhancement programs might become a critical tool for fisheries managers, especially for species that are sensitive to water temperature changes in their early lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to some of \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12573/abstract\">Lorenzen’s research\u003c/a>, many marine enhancement programs simply fail to deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having looked at many, maybe one-third of enhancement [programs] would be successful on some criteria,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings in the new report will likely prompt other states to reassess their own marine enhancement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will decide to end its program and close the hatchery or move forward with a different species is yet to be decided. The state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife is planning to hold a set of regional public meetings in the coming months to gather input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That input — from scientists, fishermen and the public — will be critical to the future of marine enhancement programs, says Theresa Sinicrope Talley, a coastal specialist with California Sea Grant who led the review of the seabass program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether enhancement programs like this are considered a success or not, depends on the goals — what the state and society decide they really want out of these programs,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (FERN), a nonprofit investigative journalism organization.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%2440+Million+Later%2C+A+Pioneering+Plan+To+Boost+Wild+Fish+Stocks+Shows+Little+Success+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Senate Bill Would Triple Penalties for Refinery Air Violations",
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"content": "\u003cp>State Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa, wants to triple some of the most serious penalties local air districts can levy against oil companies when their refineries violate emissions regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd, who represents a district that's home to refineries owned by Shell, Tesoro and Valero, introduced legislation on Wednesday that would raise the limits on certain fines for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is, oil refineries are still part of our transportation system and the bottom line is, we have to be as safe as possible,\" Dodd said in an interview. \"The fines ought to be commensurate with the actions, or lack of actions, taken by the refineries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says his bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1144\u003c/a>, was prompted largely by two recent refinery incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, a power outage at Valero's Benicia refinery led to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/14/benicia-still-looking-for-answers-from-valero-six-months-after-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release\u003c/a> of more than 80,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide, resulting in evacuation and shelter-in-place orders for nearby residents. In late 2016, an oil spill at the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/09/under-pressure-air-district-says-its-still-investigating-vallejo-fumes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sickened dozens of Vallejo residents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maximum fine against an oil company found liable for violating air quality rules is $10,000 a day, an amount critics have described as pocket change for the energy industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd's bill would raise that to as much as $30,000 a day in cases where a refinery or power plant accident injures at least one person or impacts at least 25 people -- for instance, in an incident that leads to a shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil refiners that are found negligent would see fines go from a maximum of $25,000 to as much as $75,000 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rare cases, when a refinery knows about a violation but fails to correct it in a reasonable time, current law calls for a fine of up to $40,000 a day. The bill would raise the maximum to $125,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases where an energy company intentionally violates an emissions rule, maximum fines would jump from $75,000 to $250,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penalties would also increase to as much as $500,000 a day for refineries responsible for the same serious violation within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and local air regulators agree that the current penalties are not high enough to provide a financial incentive for the industry to avoid serious violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia, who represents an area that's home to Richmond's Chevron refinery, says Dodd's proposal doesn't go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had far too many chemical and refinery releases over the years and we need a higher penalty to provide even greater incentive for these companies to work even harder,\" said Gioia, who is a board member at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would welcome the opportunity to work with Sen. Dodd to strengthen the bill so that it does truly have a meaningful impact on these facilities and protect public health,\" Gioia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district has sponsored previous legislative efforts to raise the fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example in 2013, on the heels of a major fire at Richmond's Chevron facility, then state Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Berkeley, introduced legislation to raise the penalties higher than what Dodd is proposing. Under Hancock's measure, the maximum fine against a refinery found liable for a violation would rise to $100,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was approved by the state Senate but failed on the Assembly floor amid opposition from energy companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fines are so low. They are merely a cost of doing business for any large corporation,\" Hancock said. \"They need to be greatly increased to provide an incentive for better safety practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd, who's considered a moderate, business-friendly Democrat, says he understands the power of the energy industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do recognize that there's a huge lobby from the oil industry,\" Dodd said. \"I've gotten some very difficult bills across the finish line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry group that represents the region's refineries has yet to take a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are looking at Sen. Dodd's proposed legislation and how it might impact existing laws and air quality regulations,\" said Kevin Slagle, a spokesman for the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The safety and protection of our employees and the communities in which we operate are our members' top priority,\" Slagle said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in charge of investigating air quality violations, has long supported an increase in fines. But the agency says it won't announce whether it will back the legislation until a vote by its board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Bay Area air district has long supported efforts to reform the penalties for those who violate air quality laws,\" said Tom Addison, a senior policy adviser at the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some violations for which the penalties in statute today are inadequate. When people comply with air quality regulations, public health is protected,\" Addison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is expected to face its first hearing next month, before the state Senate Environmental Quality Committee.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Proposal from state Sen. Bill Dodd comes in response to incidents in Vallejo and Benicia. One local critic says fines should be even higher than those proposed in legislation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa, wants to triple some of the most serious penalties local air districts can levy against oil companies when their refineries violate emissions regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd, who represents a district that's home to refineries owned by Shell, Tesoro and Valero, introduced legislation on Wednesday that would raise the limits on certain fines for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is, oil refineries are still part of our transportation system and the bottom line is, we have to be as safe as possible,\" Dodd said in an interview. \"The fines ought to be commensurate with the actions, or lack of actions, taken by the refineries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says his bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1144\u003c/a>, was prompted largely by two recent refinery incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, a power outage at Valero's Benicia refinery led to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/14/benicia-still-looking-for-answers-from-valero-six-months-after-refinery-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release\u003c/a> of more than 80,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide, resulting in evacuation and shelter-in-place orders for nearby residents. In late 2016, an oil spill at the Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/09/under-pressure-air-district-says-its-still-investigating-vallejo-fumes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sickened dozens of Vallejo residents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maximum fine against an oil company found liable for violating air quality rules is $10,000 a day, an amount critics have described as pocket change for the energy industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd's bill would raise that to as much as $30,000 a day in cases where a refinery or power plant accident injures at least one person or impacts at least 25 people -- for instance, in an incident that leads to a shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil refiners that are found negligent would see fines go from a maximum of $25,000 to as much as $75,000 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rare cases, when a refinery knows about a violation but fails to correct it in a reasonable time, current law calls for a fine of up to $40,000 a day. The bill would raise the maximum to $125,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases where an energy company intentionally violates an emissions rule, maximum fines would jump from $75,000 to $250,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penalties would also increase to as much as $500,000 a day for refineries responsible for the same serious violation within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and local air regulators agree that the current penalties are not high enough to provide a financial incentive for the industry to avoid serious violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia, who represents an area that's home to Richmond's Chevron refinery, says Dodd's proposal doesn't go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had far too many chemical and refinery releases over the years and we need a higher penalty to provide even greater incentive for these companies to work even harder,\" said Gioia, who is a board member at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would welcome the opportunity to work with Sen. Dodd to strengthen the bill so that it does truly have a meaningful impact on these facilities and protect public health,\" Gioia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district has sponsored previous legislative efforts to raise the fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example in 2013, on the heels of a major fire at Richmond's Chevron facility, then state Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Berkeley, introduced legislation to raise the penalties higher than what Dodd is proposing. Under Hancock's measure, the maximum fine against a refinery found liable for a violation would rise to $100,000 a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was approved by the state Senate but failed on the Assembly floor amid opposition from energy companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fines are so low. They are merely a cost of doing business for any large corporation,\" Hancock said. \"They need to be greatly increased to provide an incentive for better safety practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd, who's considered a moderate, business-friendly Democrat, says he understands the power of the energy industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do recognize that there's a huge lobby from the oil industry,\" Dodd said. \"I've gotten some very difficult bills across the finish line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry group that represents the region's refineries has yet to take a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are looking at Sen. Dodd's proposed legislation and how it might impact existing laws and air quality regulations,\" said Kevin Slagle, a spokesman for the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The safety and protection of our employees and the communities in which we operate are our members' top priority,\" Slagle said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in charge of investigating air quality violations, has long supported an increase in fines. But the agency says it won't announce whether it will back the legislation until a vote by its board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Bay Area air district has long supported efforts to reform the penalties for those who violate air quality laws,\" said Tom Addison, a senior policy adviser at the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some violations for which the penalties in statute today are inadequate. When people comply with air quality regulations, public health is protected,\" Addison said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is expected to face its first hearing next month, before the state Senate Environmental Quality Committee.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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