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But for this California couple, the soggy depths of San Francisco Bay have long helped to stoke the flames of romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723442\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Roberta and John head out for their swim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberta and John head out for their swim. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta and John, who are both in their 70s, swim in the Bay several times a week. It's an activity that has played a central role in their relationship for more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could say our lives are designed around the swimming schedule,\" says John with a chuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John and Roberta are longtime members of the \u003ca href=\"https://serc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">South End Rowing Club\u003c/a>, a San Francisco institution dating back to the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723447\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723447 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Out on the Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Out on the Bay. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, he’s sporting a black speedo, a red swim-cap and bright green fins. She’s in a black one piece and canary yellow cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions aren't ideal. A big storm has just blown through, leaving debris, including floating logs, all over the shore and shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the fast-moving current, John decides to go in backwards. Roberta is doubtful about how easy it'll be to swim back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the water’s chilly, even by these veteran swimmers’ standards, at around 50 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for safety, Roberta and John have developed this highly distinctive call and response system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to John's call here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/02/JohnRebelYellCall.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to Roberta's call here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/02/RobertaDyingSealCall.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it 'dying seal,'\" says John of his wife's call. \"But I don’t think Roberta likes that name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John says his call — which he calls the 'Rebel Yell' — puts him in the fighting spirit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's what the Confederate soldiers used to do before they charged the Union lines,\" John says. \"It's supposed to scare everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberta’s call is also wild. But in a different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't pick the seal sound; it picked me,\" she says. \"That's just what came out. And it stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723443 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Roberta and John outside the South End Rowing Club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberta and John outside the South End Rowing Club. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta and John met at the club in the 1980s, and started using their calls soon after they became involved in a clandestine romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Originally, we didn't want people to know that we had made it official,\" Roberta says of those early days. \"So that, I believe, is how we started those calls. They were like a secret code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’d use the calls to find out if the other one was around at the club. Roberta would call to see if John was there. And vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Roberta and John went public about their relationship, they also started to put their calls to a different use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When Roberta and I started swimming together more regularly, it was a good way to signal to each other,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He'll know by how far away the call is where I am in the water, and know to locate me in the water,\" Roberta says. \"Ditto with John.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723446 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The kiss on the Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The kiss on the Bay. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta recently had a hip replacement and John has dealt with heart arrhythmia. So their piercing vocalizations can be especially useful in rough conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like on the morning I meet up with them, about 15 minutes into their swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been keeping up a steady stroke, side by side. But because John’s wearing fins, in no time, he’s pulled far ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberta yells “Hey John!” to try to attract his attention. But he doesn't hear her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's treading water, trying to figure out which of the several heads bobbing about in the distance belongs to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell which is you!\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to bring out the dying seal. She yells out to John with her signature call. At first, no luck. So she tries again. Then suddenly, bouncing across the waves, comes the Rebel Yell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John swims towards his wife. They embrace, belt out one last call, and then make their way back to shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks to the South End Rowing Club, and special thanks to club rowers Eli Rubel and Virginia Waik, and club swimmer Kristin Scheel, for their help with this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a cold, grey winter morning, Roberta Guise and John Rohosky greet each other on the dock outside their swim club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Heya bruiser,\" Roberta says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How ya doin', doll?\" her husband responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cold water isn’t a well-known aphrodisiac. But for this California couple, the soggy depths of San Francisco Bay have long helped to stoke the flames of romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723442\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Roberta and John head out for their swim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-4.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberta and John head out for their swim. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta and John, who are both in their 70s, swim in the Bay several times a week. It's an activity that has played a central role in their relationship for more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could say our lives are designed around the swimming schedule,\" says John with a chuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John and Roberta are longtime members of the \u003ca href=\"https://serc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">South End Rowing Club\u003c/a>, a San Francisco institution dating back to the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723447\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723447 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Out on the Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Out on the Bay. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, he’s sporting a black speedo, a red swim-cap and bright green fins. She’s in a black one piece and canary yellow cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions aren't ideal. A big storm has just blown through, leaving debris, including floating logs, all over the shore and shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the fast-moving current, John decides to go in backwards. Roberta is doubtful about how easy it'll be to swim back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the water’s chilly, even by these veteran swimmers’ standards, at around 50 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for safety, Roberta and John have developed this highly distinctive call and response system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to John's call here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/02/JohnRebelYellCall.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to Roberta's call here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/02/RobertaDyingSealCall.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it 'dying seal,'\" says John of his wife's call. \"But I don’t think Roberta likes that name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John says his call — which he calls the 'Rebel Yell' — puts him in the fighting spirit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's what the Confederate soldiers used to do before they charged the Union lines,\" John says. \"It's supposed to scare everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberta’s call is also wild. But in a different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't pick the seal sound; it picked me,\" she says. \"That's just what came out. And it stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723443 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Roberta and John outside the South End Rowing Club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberta and John outside the South End Rowing Club. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta and John met at the club in the 1980s, and started using their calls soon after they became involved in a clandestine romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Originally, we didn't want people to know that we had made it official,\" Roberta says of those early days. \"So that, I believe, is how we started those calls. They were like a secret code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’d use the calls to find out if the other one was around at the club. Roberta would call to see if John was there. And vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Roberta and John went public about their relationship, they also started to put their calls to a different use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When Roberta and I started swimming together more regularly, it was a good way to signal to each other,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He'll know by how far away the call is where I am in the water, and know to locate me in the water,\" Roberta says. \"Ditto with John.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11723446 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/bay-swimmers-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The kiss on the Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The kiss on the Bay. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberta recently had a hip replacement and John has dealt with heart arrhythmia. So their piercing vocalizations can be especially useful in rough conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like on the morning I meet up with them, about 15 minutes into their swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been keeping up a steady stroke, side by side. But because John’s wearing fins, in no time, he’s pulled far ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberta yells “Hey John!” to try to attract his attention. But he doesn't hear her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's treading water, trying to figure out which of the several heads bobbing about in the distance belongs to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell which is you!\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to bring out the dying seal. She yells out to John with her signature call. At first, no luck. So she tries again. Then suddenly, bouncing across the waves, comes the Rebel Yell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John swims towards his wife. They embrace, belt out one last call, and then make their way back to shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks to the South End Rowing Club, and special thanks to club rowers Eli Rubel and Virginia Waik, and club swimmer Kristin Scheel, for their help with this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723524/at-93-this-california-dj-is-still-connecting-loved-ones-on-the-air\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">At 93, This California DJ Is Still Connecting Loved Ones on the Air\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Art Laboe is a California DJ who’s crooned to lovers on the airwaves for more than 75 years. He's 93, and claims to have invented the on-air dedication, where lovers send songs to each other over the airwaves. Some of those lovers are separated by prison. Host Sasha Khokha visited Art in his Palm Springs studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Couple’s Wild Calls Display Passion for Swimming, Safety, and Each Other\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When you think of aphrodisiacs, you probably think of sappy love songs, oysters, or fine wine. Not swimming in freezing cold water. But for one California couple, the soggy depths of San Francisco Bay have helped stoke their romance. And they’ve even invented special calls to keep track of each other in the open water. KQED's Chloe Veltman brings us their story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723590/a-love-worth-fighting-for\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">A Love Worth Fighting For\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amita Swadhin and Patricio Manuel might seem like an unexpected pairing. Patricio is a pro boxer, and Amita works to stop violence. But their love story transcends these differences, and they both support and find strength in one another: Patricio, as the first trans man to fight and win a professional boxing match, and Amita, as a sexual violence survivor and vocal advocate for the LGBTQ community. They talk with Sasha Khokha about falling in love, how they help each other fight against the patriarchy (without fighting each other), and share relationship advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study has found that a mix of insecticides and fungicides could be the culprit in massive die-offs of honeybees at almond groves in California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research showed that the chemicals do not harm honeybees on their own. It’s when these pesticides mingle in the air together — as they do in almond groves — that they become a lethal combination for bees, according to the study from Ohio State University and the Almond Board of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Almonds.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Fungicides, often needed for crop protection, are routinely used during almond bloom, but in many cases growers were also adding insecticides to the mix,” wrote Reed Johnson, a bee expert at Ohio State University and one of the study’s authors, in an \u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/culprit-found-for-honeybee-deaths-in-almond-groves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">article for Ohio State News\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research shows that some combinations are deadly to the bees, and the simplest thing is to just take the insecticide out of the equation during almond bloom,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the month of February, trucks full of honeybee hives — some 1.5 million colonies — arrive in California. The bees pollinate the almonds, a crop that’s valued at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">more than $5 billion a year.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record die-offs have been documented for years in California. Then, in 2014, things got worse as researchers and farmers observed entire honeybee colonies die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson and the study’s other authors recommend that almond growers completely stop using the pesticides when almond trees are blooming in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honeybees are essential to almond production,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.almonds.com/content/new-ohio-state-university-research-confirms-importance-of-almond-board%E2%80%99s-honey-bee-best\">a statement by Bob Curtis\u003c/a>, pollination consultant and retired director of Agricultural Affairs for the Almond Board of California. “Every almond we eat exists because a honeybee pollinated an almond blossom so it’s in farmers best interest to keep them safe. Our livelihood depends on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lily Jamali and Marnette Federis contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study has found that a mix of insecticides and fungicides could be the culprit in massive die-offs of honeybees at almond groves in California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research showed that the chemicals do not harm honeybees on their own. It’s when these pesticides mingle in the air together — as they do in almond groves — that they become a lethal combination for bees, according to the study from Ohio State University and the Almond Board of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Almonds.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Fungicides, often needed for crop protection, are routinely used during almond bloom, but in many cases growers were also adding insecticides to the mix,” wrote Reed Johnson, a bee expert at Ohio State University and one of the study’s authors, in an \u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/culprit-found-for-honeybee-deaths-in-almond-groves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">article for Ohio State News\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research shows that some combinations are deadly to the bees, and the simplest thing is to just take the insecticide out of the equation during almond bloom,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the month of February, trucks full of honeybee hives — some 1.5 million colonies — arrive in California. The bees pollinate the almonds, a crop that’s valued at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">more than $5 billion a year.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Whether it’s a deadly cold snap or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/hole-opens-under-antarctic-glacier-big-enough-fit-two-thirds-ncna965696\">hole under an Antarctic glacier\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/08/655360909/grim-forecast-from-u-n-on-global-climate-change\">terrifying new report\u003c/a>, there seem to be constant reminders now of the dangers that climate change poses to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., and Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass., think they have a start to a solution. Thursday they \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5729033-Green-New-Deal-FINAL\">introduced\u003c/a> a framework defining what they call a “Green New Deal” — what they foresee as a massive policy package that would remake the U.S. economy and, they hope, eliminate all U.S. carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least five Democratic presidential hopefuls in the Senate — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714733/kamala-harris-announces-bid-for-presidency-in-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kamala Harris\u003c/a> of California, Cory Booker of New Jersey, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Bernie Sanders of Vermont — co-sponsored the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said she welcomed “the enthusiasm,” she fell short of endorsing it — noting she had not yet read the resolution. “I welcome the new deal and any other proposals,” said Pelosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Speaker Nancy Pelosi performs Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's (right) swearing-in on Jan. 3, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Speaker Nancy Pelosi performs Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s (right) swearing-in on Jan. 3, 2019. \u003ccite>(SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of Pelosi’s concern may be that it’s a really big — potentially impossibly big — undertaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocasio-Cortez said, however, that’s exactly what’s needed. And she downplayed perceptions of criticism from the House Speaker, telling the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> she’s on good terms with the California Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even the solutions that we have considered big and bold are nowhere near the scale of the actual problem that climate change presents to us,” Ocasio-Cortez told NPR’s Steve Inskeep in an interview that aired Thursday on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “It could be part of a larger solution, but no one has actually scoped out what that larger solution would entail. And so that’s really what we’re trying to accomplish with the Green New Deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Green New Deal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In very broad strokes, the Green New Deal legislation laid out by Ocasio-Cortez and Markey sets goals for some drastic measures to cut carbon emissions across the economy, from electricity generation to transportation to agriculture. In the process, it aims to create jobs and boost the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that vein, the proposal stresses that it aims to meet its ambitious goals while paying special attention to groups like the poor, disabled and minority communities that might be disproportionately affected by massive economic transitions like those the Green New Deal calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/692259103/692259104\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Importantly, it’s a nonbinding resolution, meaning that even if it were to pass (more on the challenges to that below), it wouldn’t itself create any new programs. Instead, it would potentially affirm the House’s intention that these things should be done in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers pass nonbinding resolutions for things as simple as \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/58\">congratulating Super Bowl winners\u003c/a>, as well as to send political messages — for example, \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/business/2018/07/trump-and-trade-congress-passes-non-binding-purely-symbolic-motion-to-not-really-stop-him.html\">telling the president they disapprove of his trade policies\u003c/a>, as the Senate did in summer 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the specifics of that framework?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf\">bill calls for a\u003c/a> “10-year national mobilizations” toward accomplishing a series of goals that the resolution lays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Note: Ocasio-Cortez’s office released an \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf\">updated version\u003c/a> of the bill on Thursday. The earlier version, which was included in a prior version of this story, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5729033-Green-New-Deal-FINAL.html\">still available here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Nrel-solar.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Among the most prominent issues, the deal calls for “meeting 100 percent of the power demand in the United States through clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources.” The ultimate goal is to stop using fossil fuels entirely, Ocasio-Cortez’s office told NPR, as well as to transition away from nuclear energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the framework, as described in the legislation as well as a \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/media/blog-posts/green-new-deal-faq\">blog post\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5729035-Green-New-Deal-FAQ\">“FAQs”\u003c/a> from Ocasio-Cortez’s office, calls for a variety of other lofty goals:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“upgrading all existing buildings” in the country for energy efficiency;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>working with farmers “to eliminate pollution and greenhouse gas emissions … as much as is technologically feasible” (while supporting family farms and promoting “universal access to healthy food”);\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“overhauling transportation systems” to reduce emissions — including expanding electric car manufacturing, building “charging stations everywhere,” and expanding high-speed rail to “a scale where air travel stops becoming necessary”;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>a guaranteed job “with a family-sustaining wage, adequate family and medical leave, paid vacations and retirement security” for every American;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“high-quality health care” for all Americans.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Which is to say: the Green New Deal framework combines big climate-change-related ideas with a wish list of progressive economic proposals that, taken together, would touch nearly every American and overhaul the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are those ideas doable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the climate science community, as well as Green New Deal proponents, agree that saving the world from disastrous effects of climate change requires aggressive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of the Green New Deal’s goals are indeed aggressive. For example, Ocasio-Cortez told NPR that “in 10 years, we’re trying to go carbon-neutral.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to Jesse Jenkins, a postdoctoral environmental fellow at Harvard’s Kennedy School, that may be an unreachable goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where we need to be targeting really is a net-zero carbon economy by about 2050, which itself is an enormous challenge and will require reductions in carbon emissions much faster than have been achieved historically,” he said. “2030 might be a little bit early to be targeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, removing combustible engines from the roads or expanding high-speed rail to largely eliminate air travel would require nothing short of revolutionizing transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, some of the more progressive economic policies — universal health care and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/08/609091985/likely-2020-democratic-candidates-want-to-guarantee-a-job-to-every-american\">a job guarantee\u003c/a>, for example — while popular among some Democrats, would also be very difficult to implement and transition into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of all that, implementing all of these policies could cost trillions upon trillions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724494\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"900\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11724494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-1200x844.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert is the world’s largest solar farm. A plan for 100% renewable energy would require more investment on a similar scale. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the Green New Deal is a loose framework. It does not lay out guidance on \u003cem>how \u003c/em>to implement these policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the idea is to “begin work immediately on Green New Deal bills to put the nuts and bolts on the plan described in this resolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again, all of this is hypothetical — it would be tough to implement and potentially extremely expensive … \u003cem>if \u003c/em>it passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So did the idea of a Green New Deal start with Ocasio-Cortez?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Green New Deal has in the last year or so grown central to progressive Democrats’ policy conversations, the idea of a Green New Deal itself is well over a decade old. Environmentalists were talking about it as far back as 2003, when the term popped up in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/Mother-Earth-s-cozy-conference-Annual-Bioneers-2570429.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> about an environmentalist conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gained traction with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/opinion/19friedman.html\">2007\u003cem> New York Times\u003c/em> column\u003c/a> from Thomas Friedman, where he used the phrase to describe the scope of energy investments he thought would be necessary to slow climate change on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phrase was also used around President Barack Obama’s 2009 stimulus, which had \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/01/15/the-trouble-with-the-green-new-deal-223977\">around $90 billion\u003c/a> worth of environmental initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>‘It will be one of several or maybe many suggestions\u003c/strong> that we receive. The green dream or whatever they call it, nobody knows what it is, but they’re for it right?’\u003ccite>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the idea gained some currency in Europe and also in the Green Party, it wasn’t until after the 2016 election that it really gained broad popularity on the left in the U.S. (Vox’s Dave Roberts has a more \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/12/21/18144138/green-new-deal-alexandria-ocasio-cortez\">thorough history here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest iteration is different both in the political energy that it has amassed and the grand scope it is taking. While it was a product of the progressive activist community, Ocasio-Cortez has been perhaps the most visible proponent of the plan and has helped it gain nationwide attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So will it pass?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That looks unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s some energy for it on the left — some House Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/green-new-deal-house-resolution-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-9bca3bd8-3932-43e8-87c9-caf2011ed533.html\">have already said they will support the bill\u003c/a>. However, there are indications House leadership isn’t prioritizing the idea as much as those more liberal Democrats would like — Speaker Nancy Pelosi \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/423492-house-dems-formalize-climate-committee-plans-without-green-new-deal\">frustrated Green New Deal proponents\u003c/a> by not giving them the kind of committee they wanted to put the policies together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the deal’s Thursday release, she also cast the plan as simply one of any number of environmental proposals the House might consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be one of several or maybe many suggestions that we receive,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/07/pelosi-trump-government-shutdown-1154355\">Pelosi told Politico\u003c/a>. “The green dream or whatever they call it, nobody knows what it is, but they’re for it right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocasio-Cortez, though, said she wasn’t offended that Pelosi called the resolution “the green dream” and that she doesn’t “consider that to be a dismissive term.” The freshman Congresswoman also downplayed her absence from a select panel studying climate change. She said Pelosi asked her to serve on the committee, but she declined because it focuses on investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi tapped eight Democrats to serve on the special committee, which will also include six Republicans. Among those committee members are Californians Julia Brownley, Jared Huffman and Mike Levin. Pelosi said the committee “will be vital in advancing ambitious progress for our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both Pelosi and those backing Ocasio-Cortez’s proposal agree drastic action is needed on climate change, it’s easy to see how the bill could also be dangerous for moderate House Democrats, many of whom come from swing districts and may be loath to touch such a progressive proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Republicans — even those worried about climate change — the package, with its liberal economic ideas, will also likely be a nonstarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Someone’s going to have to prove to me how that can be accomplished because it looks to me like for the foreseeable future we’re gonna be using a substantial amount of fossil fuels,” said Rep. Francis Rooney, R-Fla., co-chair of the bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus, speaking to NPR before the Green New Deal’s text was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Rooney is in favor of a carbon tax, \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/418596-bipartisan-group-of-lawmakers-propose-landmark-carbon-tax\">a policy he helped propose\u003c/a> with a bipartisan group of lawmakers in November. Information from Ocasio-Cortez’s office says that the Green New Deal could include a carbon tax, but that it would be “a tiny part” of the total package of policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there’s little chance of a Green New Deal getting a vote in the Republican-controlled Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If it’s not going to pass and it’s not even binding, why is it worth even talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth talking about because it already is a politically powerful idea among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, presidential candidates are being asked whether they support the idea of a Green New Deal, meaning it’s easy to see the issue becoming a litmus test for some voters in both the 2020 congressional elections and the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/smokestacks-featured.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To more liberal Democrats, the prospect of such an ambitious economic and environmental package at the center of the 2020 campaign may be particularly energizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s like a really weird instinct that the Democratic Party develops to not be exciting intentionally,” said Sean McElwee, co-founder of the progressive think tank Data for Progress. “Most of politics is getting people excited enough to show up and vote for you. And I think that a Green New Deal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/01/30/689930022/several-democrats-eying-a-presidential-run-embrace-medicare-for-all\">Medicare-for-all\u003c/a> — these are ideas that are big enough to get people excited and show up to vote for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Ocasio-Cortez says that a policy like the Green New Deal could get voters excited enough to pressure their Congress members to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>‘It’s a big legislation because it’s a huge [expletive] problem!\u003c/strong> We’re all going to die.’\u003ccite>Sean McElwee, co-founder of the progressive think tank Data for Progress\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I do think that when there’s a wide spectrum of debate on an issue, that is where the public plays a role. That is where the public needs to call their member of Congress and say, ‘This is something that I care about,’ ” she told NPR, adding, “Where I do have trust is in my colleagues’ capacity to change and evolve and be adaptable and listen to their constituents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, it’s easy to see how a Green New Deal litmus test could backfire on that front, endangering some Democrats — particularly in swing districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just about national politics. The national-level energy for a Green New Deal could boost efforts in cities and states. \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-green-new-deal-included-2019-executive-budget\">New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo\u003c/a>, for example, has been pushing a Green New Deal in his state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the politics, there’s the fact that climate change remains an impending threat — one for which the world has yet to come up with a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big legislation because it’s a huge [expletive] problem! We’re all going to die,” said McElwee. “Every week it seems like the risks of climate change become more real, and the amount of devastation it is going to wreak upon humanity becomes larger, and that means we have to do bigger things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whether it’s a deadly cold snap or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/hole-opens-under-antarctic-glacier-big-enough-fit-two-thirds-ncna965696\">hole under an Antarctic glacier\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/08/655360909/grim-forecast-from-u-n-on-global-climate-change\">terrifying new report\u003c/a>, there seem to be constant reminders now of the dangers that climate change poses to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., and Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass., think they have a start to a solution. Thursday they \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5729033-Green-New-Deal-FINAL\">introduced\u003c/a> a framework defining what they call a “Green New Deal” — what they foresee as a massive policy package that would remake the U.S. economy and, they hope, eliminate all U.S. carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least five Democratic presidential hopefuls in the Senate — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714733/kamala-harris-announces-bid-for-presidency-in-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kamala Harris\u003c/a> of California, Cory Booker of New Jersey, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Bernie Sanders of Vermont — co-sponsored the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said she welcomed “the enthusiasm,” she fell short of endorsing it — noting she had not yet read the resolution. “I welcome the new deal and any other proposals,” said Pelosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Speaker Nancy Pelosi performs Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's (right) swearing-in on Jan. 3, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/PelosiCortez.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Speaker Nancy Pelosi performs Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s (right) swearing-in on Jan. 3, 2019. \u003ccite>(SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of Pelosi’s concern may be that it’s a really big — potentially impossibly big — undertaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocasio-Cortez said, however, that’s exactly what’s needed. And she downplayed perceptions of criticism from the House Speaker, telling the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> she’s on good terms with the California Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even the solutions that we have considered big and bold are nowhere near the scale of the actual problem that climate change presents to us,” Ocasio-Cortez told NPR’s Steve Inskeep in an interview that aired Thursday on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “It could be part of a larger solution, but no one has actually scoped out what that larger solution would entail. And so that’s really what we’re trying to accomplish with the Green New Deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Green New Deal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In very broad strokes, the Green New Deal legislation laid out by Ocasio-Cortez and Markey sets goals for some drastic measures to cut carbon emissions across the economy, from electricity generation to transportation to agriculture. In the process, it aims to create jobs and boost the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that vein, the proposal stresses that it aims to meet its ambitious goals while paying special attention to groups like the poor, disabled and minority communities that might be disproportionately affected by massive economic transitions like those the Green New Deal calls for.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/692259103/692259104\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Importantly, it’s a nonbinding resolution, meaning that even if it were to pass (more on the challenges to that below), it wouldn’t itself create any new programs. Instead, it would potentially affirm the House’s intention that these things should be done in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers pass nonbinding resolutions for things as simple as \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/58\">congratulating Super Bowl winners\u003c/a>, as well as to send political messages — for example, \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/business/2018/07/trump-and-trade-congress-passes-non-binding-purely-symbolic-motion-to-not-really-stop-him.html\">telling the president they disapprove of his trade policies\u003c/a>, as the Senate did in summer 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the specifics of that framework?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf\">bill calls for a\u003c/a> “10-year national mobilizations” toward accomplishing a series of goals that the resolution lays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Note: Ocasio-Cortez’s office released an \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf\">updated version\u003c/a> of the bill on Thursday. The earlier version, which was included in a prior version of this story, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5729033-Green-New-Deal-FINAL.html\">still available here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Can California Really Go 100 Percent Renewable Energy?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915384/can-california-really-go-100-percent-renewable-energy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Nrel-solar.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Among the most prominent issues, the deal calls for “meeting 100 percent of the power demand in the United States through clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources.” The ultimate goal is to stop using fossil fuels entirely, Ocasio-Cortez’s office told NPR, as well as to transition away from nuclear energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the framework, as described in the legislation as well as a \u003ca href=\"https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/media/blog-posts/green-new-deal-faq\">blog post\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5729035-Green-New-Deal-FAQ\">“FAQs”\u003c/a> from Ocasio-Cortez’s office, calls for a variety of other lofty goals:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“upgrading all existing buildings” in the country for energy efficiency;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>working with farmers “to eliminate pollution and greenhouse gas emissions … as much as is technologically feasible” (while supporting family farms and promoting “universal access to healthy food”);\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“overhauling transportation systems” to reduce emissions — including expanding electric car manufacturing, building “charging stations everywhere,” and expanding high-speed rail to “a scale where air travel stops becoming necessary”;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>a guaranteed job “with a family-sustaining wage, adequate family and medical leave, paid vacations and retirement security” for every American;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“high-quality health care” for all Americans.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Which is to say: the Green New Deal framework combines big climate-change-related ideas with a wish list of progressive economic proposals that, taken together, would touch nearly every American and overhaul the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are those ideas doable?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the climate science community, as well as Green New Deal proponents, agree that saving the world from disastrous effects of climate change requires aggressive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of the Green New Deal’s goals are indeed aggressive. For example, Ocasio-Cortez told NPR that “in 10 years, we’re trying to go carbon-neutral.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why 100 Percent Clean Energy in California is Gonna Be Tricky\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/solar-roof-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to Jesse Jenkins, a postdoctoral environmental fellow at Harvard’s Kennedy School, that may be an unreachable goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where we need to be targeting really is a net-zero carbon economy by about 2050, which itself is an enormous challenge and will require reductions in carbon emissions much faster than have been achieved historically,” he said. “2030 might be a little bit early to be targeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, removing combustible engines from the roads or expanding high-speed rail to largely eliminate air travel would require nothing short of revolutionizing transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, some of the more progressive economic policies — universal health care and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/08/609091985/likely-2020-democratic-candidates-want-to-guarantee-a-job-to-every-american\">a job guarantee\u003c/a>, for example — while popular among some Democrats, would also be very difficult to implement and transition into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of all that, implementing all of these policies could cost trillions upon trillions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724494\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"900\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11724494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Ivanpah5-1200x844.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert is the world’s largest solar farm. A plan for 100% renewable energy would require more investment on a similar scale. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Altogether, the Green New Deal is a loose framework. It does not lay out guidance on \u003cem>how \u003c/em>to implement these policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the idea is to “begin work immediately on Green New Deal bills to put the nuts and bolts on the plan described in this resolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again, all of this is hypothetical — it would be tough to implement and potentially extremely expensive … \u003cem>if \u003c/em>it passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So did the idea of a Green New Deal start with Ocasio-Cortez?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Green New Deal has in the last year or so grown central to progressive Democrats’ policy conversations, the idea of a Green New Deal itself is well over a decade old. Environmentalists were talking about it as far back as 2003, when the term popped up in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/Mother-Earth-s-cozy-conference-Annual-Bioneers-2570429.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> about an environmentalist conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gained traction with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/opinion/19friedman.html\">2007\u003cem> New York Times\u003c/em> column\u003c/a> from Thomas Friedman, where he used the phrase to describe the scope of energy investments he thought would be necessary to slow climate change on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phrase was also used around President Barack Obama’s 2009 stimulus, which had \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/01/15/the-trouble-with-the-green-new-deal-223977\">around $90 billion\u003c/a> worth of environmental initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>‘It will be one of several or maybe many suggestions\u003c/strong> that we receive. The green dream or whatever they call it, nobody knows what it is, but they’re for it right?’\u003ccite>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the idea gained some currency in Europe and also in the Green Party, it wasn’t until after the 2016 election that it really gained broad popularity on the left in the U.S. (Vox’s Dave Roberts has a more \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/12/21/18144138/green-new-deal-alexandria-ocasio-cortez\">thorough history here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest iteration is different both in the political energy that it has amassed and the grand scope it is taking. While it was a product of the progressive activist community, Ocasio-Cortez has been perhaps the most visible proponent of the plan and has helped it gain nationwide attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So will it pass?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That looks unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s some energy for it on the left — some House Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/green-new-deal-house-resolution-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-9bca3bd8-3932-43e8-87c9-caf2011ed533.html\">have already said they will support the bill\u003c/a>. However, there are indications House leadership isn’t prioritizing the idea as much as those more liberal Democrats would like — Speaker Nancy Pelosi \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/423492-house-dems-formalize-climate-committee-plans-without-green-new-deal\">frustrated Green New Deal proponents\u003c/a> by not giving them the kind of committee they wanted to put the policies together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the deal’s Thursday release, she also cast the plan as simply one of any number of environmental proposals the House might consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be one of several or maybe many suggestions that we receive,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/07/pelosi-trump-government-shutdown-1154355\">Pelosi told Politico\u003c/a>. “The green dream or whatever they call it, nobody knows what it is, but they’re for it right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocasio-Cortez, though, said she wasn’t offended that Pelosi called the resolution “the green dream” and that she doesn’t “consider that to be a dismissive term.” The freshman Congresswoman also downplayed her absence from a select panel studying climate change. She said Pelosi asked her to serve on the committee, but she declined because it focuses on investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi tapped eight Democrats to serve on the special committee, which will also include six Republicans. Among those committee members are Californians Julia Brownley, Jared Huffman and Mike Levin. Pelosi said the committee “will be vital in advancing ambitious progress for our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both Pelosi and those backing Ocasio-Cortez’s proposal agree drastic action is needed on climate change, it’s easy to see how the bill could also be dangerous for moderate House Democrats, many of whom come from swing districts and may be loath to touch such a progressive proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Republicans — even those worried about climate change — the package, with its liberal economic ideas, will also likely be a nonstarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Report: Climate Change Already Hurting U.S. Communities\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934809/federal-report-climate-change-already-hurting-u-s-communities\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Someone’s going to have to prove to me how that can be accomplished because it looks to me like for the foreseeable future we’re gonna be using a substantial amount of fossil fuels,” said Rep. Francis Rooney, R-Fla., co-chair of the bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus, speaking to NPR before the Green New Deal’s text was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Rooney is in favor of a carbon tax, \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/418596-bipartisan-group-of-lawmakers-propose-landmark-carbon-tax\">a policy he helped propose\u003c/a> with a bipartisan group of lawmakers in November. Information from Ocasio-Cortez’s office says that the Green New Deal could include a carbon tax, but that it would be “a tiny part” of the total package of policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there’s little chance of a Green New Deal getting a vote in the Republican-controlled Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If it’s not going to pass and it’s not even binding, why is it worth even talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth talking about because it already is a politically powerful idea among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, presidential candidates are being asked whether they support the idea of a Green New Deal, meaning it’s easy to see the issue becoming a litmus test for some voters in both the 2020 congressional elections and the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/smokestacks-featured.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To more liberal Democrats, the prospect of such an ambitious economic and environmental package at the center of the 2020 campaign may be particularly energizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s like a really weird instinct that the Democratic Party develops to not be exciting intentionally,” said Sean McElwee, co-founder of the progressive think tank Data for Progress. “Most of politics is getting people excited enough to show up and vote for you. And I think that a Green New Deal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/01/30/689930022/several-democrats-eying-a-presidential-run-embrace-medicare-for-all\">Medicare-for-all\u003c/a> — these are ideas that are big enough to get people excited and show up to vote for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Ocasio-Cortez says that a policy like the Green New Deal could get voters excited enough to pressure their Congress members to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>‘It’s a big legislation because it’s a huge [expletive] problem!\u003c/strong> We’re all going to die.’\u003ccite>Sean McElwee, co-founder of the progressive think tank Data for Progress\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I do think that when there’s a wide spectrum of debate on an issue, that is where the public plays a role. That is where the public needs to call their member of Congress and say, ‘This is something that I care about,’ ” she told NPR, adding, “Where I do have trust is in my colleagues’ capacity to change and evolve and be adaptable and listen to their constituents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, it’s easy to see how a Green New Deal litmus test could backfire on that front, endangering some Democrats — particularly in swing districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just about national politics. The national-level energy for a Green New Deal could boost efforts in cities and states. \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-green-new-deal-included-2019-executive-budget\">New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo\u003c/a>, for example, has been pushing a Green New Deal in his state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the politics, there’s the fact that climate change remains an impending threat — one for which the world has yet to come up with a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big legislation because it’s a huge [expletive] problem! We’re all going to die,” said McElwee. “Every week it seems like the risks of climate change become more real, and the amount of devastation it is going to wreak upon humanity becomes larger, and that means we have to do bigger things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Feds, State Investigating 3-Alarm Natural Gas Blast and Blaze in San Francisco",
"title": "Feds, State Investigating 3-Alarm Natural Gas Blast and Blaze in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Friday, Feb. 8, 4:30 p.m.:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press conference on Friday afternoon, an NTSB official told reporters that the investigative team will be working on the timeline of events surrounding the incident. Tomorrow the team plans to conduct more interviews and visit the pipeline control center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of the FBI, the NTSB is working to secure a 3-4 foot length of the pipeline that may be sent to Washington, D.C. for testing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Feb. 7:\u003c/strong> State and federal officials have launched an investigation into a fire sparked by a ruptured high-pressure gas line in San Francisco's Inner Richmond neighborhood Wednesday afternoon — an incident that featured a two-hour struggle by PG&E crews to shut off the flow of highly flammable natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the spectacular nature of the blast and fire, no injuries were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unknown number of people were displaced from up to seven residential units because of the fire. PG&E said about 300 gas customers and 2,500 electric customers lost service because of the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.D. Guidi, a PG&E spokesman, said electricity was restored to all of the affected customers early Thursday morning. PG&E crews were working to remove water left over from the firefight in order to introduce gas back into the area's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters as the fire roared nearby, San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White said a construction crew installing underground fiber-optic equipment touched off the fire by hitting the natural gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident involved a worker using an excavator to dig a trench, according to Frank Polizzi, a spokesman for California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Verizon spokeswoman confirmed Thursday morning that one of its contractors was working in the area of the blast.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11724415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg 5395w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5395px) 100vw, 5395px\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10829492/s-f-officials-upheld-in-firing-of-construction-firm-involved-in-gas-line-breaks\">S.F. Officials Upheld in Firing of Construction Firm Involved in Gas Line Breaks\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10543975/state-investigating-whisteblower-report-of-potentially-explosive-pipeline-errors\">State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Yesterday's fire in San Francisco's Inner Richmond District is tragic for the people impacted by the incident and resulting power outage,\" said Heidi Flato, a company representative, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"MasTec, a vendor contracted by Verizon, was working at that location yesterday. We understand that MasTec is cooperating with investigators as they determine the root cause of the incident. The fiber installation has been halted pending the outcome of the investigation by local authorities,\" Flato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A top executive for MasTec, an infrastructure construction company based in Florida, expressed concern about the incident and said the company was conducting its own probe of the explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to express our deep concern for those affected by the gas line rupture,\" said John Higgins, president of MasTec's Utility Services Group, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MasTec has been the subject of three previous Cal/OSHA inspections and two citations, according to Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those infractions included a serious citation involving an incident in Concord in 2015. MasTec and other companies were working on a site to demolish high voltage overhead power lines when an employee of another firm \"suffered an electric shock\" as he cut into a riser that housed a live power line, Polizzi said in an email Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polizzi said Cal/OSHA launched an investigation into the incident on Thursday. MasTec and two of its subcontractors, Advanced Fiber Works and Kilford Engineering, are the subject of that probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wednesday's incident contractors had called to determine where the gas lines where in the area, and PG&E marked where the lines were, according to PG&E spokeswoman Andrea Menniti. However, that does not indicate whether PG&E correctly marked the lines. Marking errors have caused serious problems in the past, including an explosion that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PG-amp-E-Carmel-home-explosion-blamed-on-bad-5316064.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed a home in Carmel\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is also investigating the incident, commission spokeswoman Terrie Prosper said in an email Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board plans to send a team to the area to investigate as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NTSB_Newsroom/status/1093563726756831237\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Catherine Stefani, who represents the district where the blaze occurred, said on Thursday that she plans to call for a hearing on the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to have [an] understanding of why this happened and how we can prevent it in the future,\" Stefani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People want to understand. How could this happen? How could someone break into a line? ... Why did it take so long? [It took] two and a half hours ... people are very concerned about that. Those are two of the main things we’ll be looking at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Fire Department said that it was alerted to the initial blast at 1:18 p.m. Wednesday. Flames continued to leap from the breached line for about two hours and 20 minutes until PG&E crews finally managed to stop the flow of gas fueling the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFFDPIO/status/1093293926302212097\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters then turned their attention to nearby buildings that had caught fire during the 140 minutes the flames roared from the rupture.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nCrews from the utility used heavy equipment and hand tools in a frantic effort that involved digging into two locations in the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As crews excavated craters in the pavement nearby, PG&E spokesman Paul Doherty said the fire was caused \"by third-party dig-in that had nothing to do\" with the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724207\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Media crews set up Wednesday afternoon as emergency crews struggled to contain a fire caused by a ruptured PG&E gas line. \u003ccite>(Raquel Maria Dillon/)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blair Jones, another PG&E spokesman, said it took time to shut off the gas because of \"a complex array of utilities,\" including a 12-inch gas line, a 2-inch gas line, electrical lines and water mains, at the incident site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews needed to proceed cautiously, Jones said, to avoid inadvertently disrupting gas and electric service over a wider area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least five buildings suffered damage in the blast and fire, Chief Hayes-White said, and firefighters continued to direct jets of water onto nearby buildings attempting to limit the spread of flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our job will become easier once PG&E does theirs,\" Hayes-White said before the gas stopped flowing, adding that it would be a complex task to shut down the gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"The charred exterior of the Hong Kong Lounge II pictured on Feb. 7, the day after the blast.\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The charred exterior of the Hong Kong Lounge II pictured on Feb. 7, the day after the blast. \u003ccite>(Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The main building involved in the blaze was Hong Kong Lounge II, a popular dim sum restaurant and night spot that appeared to have been gutted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was an iconic restaurant, so many people have been very sad to see the damage done,\" said Supervisor Stefani of the lounge. \"I let [the owners] know the city is here for them and we’re going to do whatever we can to help them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other buildings are currently deemed uninhabitable, according to a statement from Stefani and San Francisco Mayor London Breed. And the city is working to help residents and businesses impacted by the blast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--Hayes-White said there had been eight workers at the scene, all of whom had been accounted for. She said there were no reports of injuries.-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--The Fire Department, which had about 120 firefighters on the scene, said that a mandatory evacuation was initially ordered within one block of the blaze.-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thankfully no one was hurt as a result of this fire and our focus remains helping the people affected get back on their feet and connected with housing and services. I am working with our City departments to make sure that we provide every available resource at our disposal,” said Breed in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents could be eligible for assistance through the San Francisco Human Services Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here for the people who have been displaced and facing hardship because of this fire,” stated Trent Rhorer, Executive Director, San Francisco Human Services Agency. “People who have been affected by the fire are encouraged to take advantage of our City assistance programs, such as those that help renters find replacement housing while their homes are being repaired. Our hearts go out to these families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impacted businesses may also tap into a Small Business Disaster Relief Fund through the Office of Economic and Workforce Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Raquel Maria Dillon and Kate Wolffe.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The CPUC and NTSB are looking into the fire, which was sparked by a ruptured gas line on Wednesday. S.F. Supervisor Catherine Stefani has also called for a hearing.\r\n",
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"description": "The CPUC and NTSB are looking into the fire, which was sparked by a ruptured gas line on Wednesday. S.F. Supervisor Catherine Stefani has also called for a hearing.\r\n",
"title": "Feds, State Investigating 3-Alarm Natural Gas Blast and Blaze in San Francisco | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Friday, Feb. 8, 4:30 p.m.:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press conference on Friday afternoon, an NTSB official told reporters that the investigative team will be working on the timeline of events surrounding the incident. Tomorrow the team plans to conduct more interviews and visit the pipeline control center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of the FBI, the NTSB is working to secure a 3-4 foot length of the pipeline that may be sent to Washington, D.C. for testing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Feb. 7:\u003c/strong> State and federal officials have launched an investigation into a fire sparked by a ruptured high-pressure gas line in San Francisco's Inner Richmond neighborhood Wednesday afternoon — an incident that featured a two-hour struggle by PG&E crews to shut off the flow of highly flammable natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the spectacular nature of the blast and fire, no injuries were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unknown number of people were displaced from up to seven residential units because of the fire. PG&E said about 300 gas customers and 2,500 electric customers lost service because of the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.D. Guidi, a PG&E spokesman, said electricity was restored to all of the affected customers early Thursday morning. PG&E crews were working to remove water left over from the firefight in order to introduce gas back into the area's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters as the fire roared nearby, San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White said a construction crew installing underground fiber-optic equipment touched off the fire by hitting the natural gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident involved a worker using an excavator to dig a trench, according to Frank Polizzi, a spokesman for California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Verizon spokeswoman confirmed Thursday morning that one of its contractors was working in the area of the blast.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11724415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg 5395w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5395px) 100vw, 5395px\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10829492/s-f-officials-upheld-in-firing-of-construction-firm-involved-in-gas-line-breaks\">S.F. Officials Upheld in Firing of Construction Firm Involved in Gas Line Breaks\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10543975/state-investigating-whisteblower-report-of-potentially-explosive-pipeline-errors\">State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Yesterday's fire in San Francisco's Inner Richmond District is tragic for the people impacted by the incident and resulting power outage,\" said Heidi Flato, a company representative, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"MasTec, a vendor contracted by Verizon, was working at that location yesterday. We understand that MasTec is cooperating with investigators as they determine the root cause of the incident. The fiber installation has been halted pending the outcome of the investigation by local authorities,\" Flato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A top executive for MasTec, an infrastructure construction company based in Florida, expressed concern about the incident and said the company was conducting its own probe of the explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to express our deep concern for those affected by the gas line rupture,\" said John Higgins, president of MasTec's Utility Services Group, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MasTec has been the subject of three previous Cal/OSHA inspections and two citations, according to Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those infractions included a serious citation involving an incident in Concord in 2015. MasTec and other companies were working on a site to demolish high voltage overhead power lines when an employee of another firm \"suffered an electric shock\" as he cut into a riser that housed a live power line, Polizzi said in an email Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polizzi said Cal/OSHA launched an investigation into the incident on Thursday. MasTec and two of its subcontractors, Advanced Fiber Works and Kilford Engineering, are the subject of that probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wednesday's incident contractors had called to determine where the gas lines where in the area, and PG&E marked where the lines were, according to PG&E spokeswoman Andrea Menniti. However, that does not indicate whether PG&E correctly marked the lines. Marking errors have caused serious problems in the past, including an explosion that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PG-amp-E-Carmel-home-explosion-blamed-on-bad-5316064.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed a home in Carmel\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is also investigating the incident, commission spokeswoman Terrie Prosper said in an email Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board plans to send a team to the area to investigate as well.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Catherine Stefani, who represents the district where the blaze occurred, said on Thursday that she plans to call for a hearing on the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to have [an] understanding of why this happened and how we can prevent it in the future,\" Stefani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People want to understand. How could this happen? How could someone break into a line? ... Why did it take so long? [It took] two and a half hours ... people are very concerned about that. Those are two of the main things we’ll be looking at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Fire Department said that it was alerted to the initial blast at 1:18 p.m. Wednesday. Flames continued to leap from the breached line for about two hours and 20 minutes until PG&E crews finally managed to stop the flow of gas fueling the blaze.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Firefighters then turned their attention to nearby buildings that had caught fire during the 140 minutes the flames roared from the rupture.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nCrews from the utility used heavy equipment and hand tools in a frantic effort that involved digging into two locations in the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As crews excavated craters in the pavement nearby, PG&E spokesman Paul Doherty said the fire was caused \"by third-party dig-in that had nothing to do\" with the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724207\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1596.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Media crews set up Wednesday afternoon as emergency crews struggled to contain a fire caused by a ruptured PG&E gas line. \u003ccite>(Raquel Maria Dillon/)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blair Jones, another PG&E spokesman, said it took time to shut off the gas because of \"a complex array of utilities,\" including a 12-inch gas line, a 2-inch gas line, electrical lines and water mains, at the incident site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews needed to proceed cautiously, Jones said, to avoid inadvertently disrupting gas and electric service over a wider area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least five buildings suffered damage in the blast and fire, Chief Hayes-White said, and firefighters continued to direct jets of water onto nearby buildings attempting to limit the spread of flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our job will become easier once PG&E does theirs,\" Hayes-White said before the gas stopped flowing, adding that it would be a complex task to shut down the gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"The charred exterior of the Hong Kong Lounge II pictured on Feb. 7, the day after the blast.\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/KH2Lounge.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The charred exterior of the Hong Kong Lounge II pictured on Feb. 7, the day after the blast. \u003ccite>(Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The main building involved in the blaze was Hong Kong Lounge II, a popular dim sum restaurant and night spot that appeared to have been gutted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was an iconic restaurant, so many people have been very sad to see the damage done,\" said Supervisor Stefani of the lounge. \"I let [the owners] know the city is here for them and we’re going to do whatever we can to help them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other buildings are currently deemed uninhabitable, according to a statement from Stefani and San Francisco Mayor London Breed. And the city is working to help residents and businesses impacted by the blast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--Hayes-White said there had been eight workers at the scene, all of whom had been accounted for. She said there were no reports of injuries.-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--The Fire Department, which had about 120 firefighters on the scene, said that a mandatory evacuation was initially ordered within one block of the blaze.-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thankfully no one was hurt as a result of this fire and our focus remains helping the people affected get back on their feet and connected with housing and services. I am working with our City departments to make sure that we provide every available resource at our disposal,” said Breed in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents could be eligible for assistance through the San Francisco Human Services Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here for the people who have been displaced and facing hardship because of this fire,” stated Trent Rhorer, Executive Director, San Francisco Human Services Agency. “People who have been affected by the fire are encouraged to take advantage of our City assistance programs, such as those that help renters find replacement housing while their homes are being repaired. Our hearts go out to these families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Impacted businesses may also tap into a Small Business Disaster Relief Fund through the Office of Economic and Workforce Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Raquel Maria Dillon and Kate Wolffe.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>PG&E Plans to Shut Down Power More in New Wildfire Plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric has unveiled a new plan for wildfire safety that may lead to the utility shutting off power to more customers during times of extreme fire danger.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Dan Brekke\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>L.A. County to Purge 1.5 Million from Voter Rolls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles County, a settlement with a conservative group has set off fears of a mass purge of voter registrations. Purging the rolls is common practice in some states like Ohio and Georgia, and civil rights groups say it can cause voter disenfranchisement. But officials maintain that’s not the case in L.A.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Mary Franklin Harvin\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Homeless Myth: They're All Drug Addicts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As counties across our state conduct homeless counts we continue our look at common myths about what it's like to be homeless. Mahan Naeim, who lives in Orange County, does outreach with drug users there.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Michelle Wiley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Central Valley Environmentalists and Farmers Disagree on Interior Department Nominee\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week President Trump nominated a former lobbyist for the Westlands Water District in the Central Valley for secretary of the interior. Nominee David Bernhardt has been the acting secretary since Ryan Zinke resigned. Big Ag is praising the decision but environmentalists say he pits farmers against fish.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Monica Velez\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kunr.org/post/nevada-lawmakers-kick-majority-female-session#stream/0\">Can California Learn from Nevada's Majority Female Legislature?\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week Nevada became the first state in the country with a female majority in its state legislature. It’s a milestone to be sure, but what can Nevada’s accomplishment tell us about our own state?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Paul Boger\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003ch2>A Battle in Sacramento Over Police Use of Deadly Force\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There's a battle brewing in the state Legislature over changes to the laws governing police use of deadly force. Competing bills are being introduced this week.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Emslie\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Congressional Freshmen React to State of the Union\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last night's State of the Union was the first for seven Democratic California congressmembers in attendance.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Guy Marzorati\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Looming Water Crisis on Key California Water Source\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of California’s critical water sources, the Colorado River, is fast approaching a crisis. The hope is that seven states on the river can agree to share water. But a Friday deadline passed without a completed deal and now, the federal government is ratcheting up the pressure.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Lauren Sommer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Diego Repeals Ban On People Living In Cars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It's no longer a crime in San Diego to live in a car. The City Council voted unanimously to repeal a law Tuesday under pressure from a lawsuit.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Andrew Bowen\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Little More Rain Could Bring Another Wildflower 'Super Bloom' to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California's wet and rainy winter is getting both wildflower experts and enthusiasts excited about the potential of another \"super bloom\" this spring.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tiffany Camhi\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Cyber-sabotage, Wildfires, Weather—a Web of Threats to the Power Supply Could Leave Californians in the Dark",
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"content": "\u003cp>Russians hack Ukraine’s electricity network, turning lights off and on at will, rendering the country’s best tech hands helpless to intervene. North Korea takes over the controls of a South Korean nuclear power plant. Snipers with high-velocity rifles unleash a fusillade on a transmission station near San Jose, inflicting $15 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the plot of the latest spy novel. Rather, it’s small sampling of actual attacks, the kind of sabotage against vulnerable energy systems that can cut off power with the click of a mouse and bring officials to their knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say energy grids are the new front in cyber-terrorism. Although the wildfires that periodically dominate the news are a serious threat to California’s power supply, cyber-invaders are an around-the clock danger, trying to penetrate grid security every minute of every day. An all-hands-on-deck battle is being waged against them, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-electricity-grid-modernization-efforts-cost/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the network\u003c/a> that serves nearly 40 million people’s homes, industries and public-safety agencies depends on a successful defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the grid be hijacked, the entire state could be held hostage, experts say. Can the state prevent what one utility executive likened to “a hostile takeover?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never has California’s aging electricity infrastructure been more vulnerable, even as the government plans to rely on it more completely with 5 million electric cars and, eventually, to fully operate the world’s fifth-largest economy. Moreover, fire and sophisticated hacking aren’t the only risks to the consistent flow of electrical power: The grid can also be undone by California’s formidable natural forces—wind, earthquakes, floods—and the most humble of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gnawing squirrels have brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/squirrels-trading-new-york-stock-exchange/398108/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stock trading\u003c/a> to a halt more than once by chewing electricity lines and disrupting NASDAQ computers. Rodents also interrupted some \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/07/81407/but-is-it-squirrel-proof-lax-and-dwp-s-120-million/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operations\u003c/a> at Los Angeles International Airport on Thanksgiving Day in 2015, briefly stopping elevators, baggage screening and other functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widespread, sustained power outage is frightening to contemplate, with the tools we use to navigate our lives taken from us: no lights, telephone service or charging capacity; no heating or cooling; no computers, working gas pumps or ATMs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/article225293965.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think of the internet as a weapon of mass destruction,” says former news anchor Ted Koppel, whose book “Lights Out” explores threats to U.S. electricity grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the challenge to keep the lights on was drawn in sharp relief in November at Stanford University, where experts gathered to peer into the energy future. Hint–it’s murky and potentially dark, including ransom schemes and even grid attacks intended to sow chaos ahead of terrorist ground assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our adversaries are advancing at a rapid clip,” said Sue Gordon, principal deputy director of national intelligence, the federal government’s leading cybersecurity agency and a \u003ca href=\"https://gef.stanford.edu/videos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conference\u003c/a> participant. “Within a few years Russia and China will have the ability to conduct on-demand, localized disruption of service, including of control systems in multiple sectors, simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vulnerable electricity infrastructure has the attention of lawmakers in Sacramento. Some have faulted the oversight of safety procedures at power companies, a displeasure that has brought new scrutiny to the Public Utilities Commission, which regulates those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> requires utilities to undertake broader, more aggressive planning for reducing fire risks associated with utility equipment, though regulators say they have neither funding nor technology to comprehensively monitor even the measures companies already have in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state operates two entities tasked with analyzing and addressing potential hacking threats, particularly to critical infrastructure such as power stations and the dams where hydroelectric power is generated, and coordinating their efforts with utility companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles) speaks during debate at the Capitol on June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, state Senator Bob Hertzberg, who has an extensive background in the power sector, worries that California is underprepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable, oh my God; there are so many things that can go wrong,” said the Democrat from Van Nuys, who authored a law last year pinpointing threats to the grid from electromagnetic attacks. “Security is a big deal, and it’s become a big deal because we rely on electricity for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator, the private company that is the state’s grid overlord, is obsessed with security. A spokeswoman said it has significantly increased investment in cybersecurity in recent years and regularly conducts internal testing. It even relocated its fortress-like facility to cocoon its operations against harm—sited on high ground, away from known seismic faults, close (but not too close) to Sacramento and a highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every utility and power company in the state, the grid operator has marauders at its cyber-gate every minute of every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are always being attacked,” said Mark Rothleder, a CAISO vice president, gazing down at the gymnasium-sized control room where electricity supply and demand are constantly monitored. “We have mechanisms in place ... but it’s constantly changing. It’s a constantly evolving threat we have to defend against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security managers universally seem to adopt a “security through obscurity” approach, not wishing to discuss specific strategies other than to say they are in place. In addition, the state’s largest investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric—all have specific departments to defend against cyber-incursions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/81ffb848-5f9f-47d8-9445-bb8965ab6e41?src=embed\" title=\"Type \" width=\"924\" height=\"588\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attacks can come from an unknown source, anywhere in the world. Some hackers gain access to a host system and do nothing more than hide in the figurative bushes, getting to know the lay of the cyber-land and biding time. Malware lurks in dark corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take three to six months to detect a computer breach, according to David Goeckeler, Executive Vice President of San Jose-based CISCO, the computer networking giant with cybersecurity expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as often, hackers bang on the digital front door, on the off-chance it will be mistakenly opened. Goeckeler, speaking at the Stanford energy forum, said saboteurs attempt to hack CISCO’s systems 20 billion times a day. Yes, billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such threats have become a priority for the federal government. California utilities participate with those of other states in federal exercises such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/GridEX/GridEx%20IV%20Public%20Lessons%20Learned%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GridEx\u003c/a>, a war game that simulates grid attacks and coordinates potential responses with local and state emergency agencies, law enforcement, the Department of Defense and telecommunications and banking firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/grid-part-2-PHOTO-2-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoraya Griffin.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At SDG&E, which has 3.6 million electricity customers, “there’s always some type of an intrusion attempt daily,” said Zoraya Griffin, the company’s emergency operations manager. “It’s not a matter of if we have them, but how many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to threats that are difficult to see, such as those posed by hackers, some vulnerabilities are literally before our eyes. Aging equipment. Poorly maintained circuits and other key equipment. Miles of wires surrounded by overgrown vegetation and tinder-dry trees that can ignite in a flash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s response to the issue has been accelerated by the wildfire threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have ordered utilities to “harden” their equipment with such measures as replacing wooden power poles with metal or composite ones, swathing lines in more robust insulation and wrapping other equipment in metal or other fire-resistant material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission is awaiting companies’ specific fire-mitigation \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/SB901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plans\u003c/a>, due in early February. Those reports are to detail how the utilities will construct, maintain and operate their equipment to minimize its risk of causing catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work will carry a sobering price tag. For example, a federal judge has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/23/688058715/pg-e-says-federal-judge-s-safety-plan-is-infeasible-and-too-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that PG&E inspect its entire transmission system–including nearly 100,000 miles of power lines–and make its equipment more fire-safe. The utility balked, saying the work would cost $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why expose equipment and circuits to fire danger in the first place? Money. It makes the most financial sense for utilities to traverse California’s steep mountain passes and broad deserts by erecting power towers that march with giant steps across those vast landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although companies tend to locate power lines underground in new housing tracts, relocating above-ground lines under the earth is expensive–as much as $3 million a mile. In addition, digging new trenches in established neighborhoods and congested areas typically meets local resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723631\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utilities have stepped up their resiliency efforts, clearing brush and cutting trees, installing cameras to monitor far-flung equipment and focusing more on the potential of weather to cause problems. But one company, San Diego Gas & Electric, is ahead of the pack in elevating weather forecasting to a high priority, investing billions of dollars to respond to threats from nature..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s first line of defense begins 20 feet up on power poles, with compact but complex remote weather stations. The utility has the state’s most extensive weather-monitoring network, with 177 stations across 4,000 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every 10 minutes the stations beam real-time information about temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction to a command center in San Diego. The \u003ca href=\"https://sdgeweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> is also available to the public on the company’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In conditions of high wildfire risk—excessive heat or wind, for example—the information is folded into twice-daily emails shared with the state firefighting agency and local responders. The weather forecast is also included in a separate email dispatched every morning at 6:30 a.m. to company leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remote-controlled cameras provide a picture of what’s happening not only with the company’s equipment but also with the surrounding landscape. Trouble can be spotted more quickly, crews can be better positioned and power shutoffs can occur earlier when necessary. Control of the cameras can be handed off to fire officials during emergencies. In a revenge-of-the-nerds moment, meteorologists and fire forecasters now have a seat at the company table alongside the brass and the engineers when emergencies arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding the weather enables decision making,” said Chris Arends, who manages the utility’s meteorology program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Nahai is the former head of another company, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the largest municipal utility in the United States. He said keeping the lights on requires investment, planning and constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think about natural disaster all the time. You think about fires all the time. It’s an everyday priority,” Nahai said. “That doesn’t mean you can withstand everything that we are vulnerable to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/category/projects/frayed-wires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of articles\u003c/a>, published in partnership with The Sacramento Bee, to explore California’s need to modernize the electricity network that powers the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Russians hack Ukraine’s electricity network, turning lights off and on at will, rendering the country’s best tech hands helpless to intervene. North Korea takes over the controls of a South Korean nuclear power plant. Snipers with high-velocity rifles unleash a fusillade on a transmission station near San Jose, inflicting $15 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the plot of the latest spy novel. Rather, it’s small sampling of actual attacks, the kind of sabotage against vulnerable energy systems that can cut off power with the click of a mouse and bring officials to their knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say energy grids are the new front in cyber-terrorism. Although the wildfires that periodically dominate the news are a serious threat to California’s power supply, cyber-invaders are an around-the clock danger, trying to penetrate grid security every minute of every day. An all-hands-on-deck battle is being waged against them, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-electricity-grid-modernization-efforts-cost/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the network\u003c/a> that serves nearly 40 million people’s homes, industries and public-safety agencies depends on a successful defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the grid be hijacked, the entire state could be held hostage, experts say. Can the state prevent what one utility executive likened to “a hostile takeover?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never has California’s aging electricity infrastructure been more vulnerable, even as the government plans to rely on it more completely with 5 million electric cars and, eventually, to fully operate the world’s fifth-largest economy. Moreover, fire and sophisticated hacking aren’t the only risks to the consistent flow of electrical power: The grid can also be undone by California’s formidable natural forces—wind, earthquakes, floods—and the most humble of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gnawing squirrels have brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/squirrels-trading-new-york-stock-exchange/398108/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stock trading\u003c/a> to a halt more than once by chewing electricity lines and disrupting NASDAQ computers. Rodents also interrupted some \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/07/81407/but-is-it-squirrel-proof-lax-and-dwp-s-120-million/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operations\u003c/a> at Los Angeles International Airport on Thanksgiving Day in 2015, briefly stopping elevators, baggage screening and other functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widespread, sustained power outage is frightening to contemplate, with the tools we use to navigate our lives taken from us: no lights, telephone service or charging capacity; no heating or cooling; no computers, working gas pumps or ATMs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/article225293965.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think of the internet as a weapon of mass destruction,” says former news anchor Ted Koppel, whose book “Lights Out” explores threats to U.S. electricity grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the challenge to keep the lights on was drawn in sharp relief in November at Stanford University, where experts gathered to peer into the energy future. Hint–it’s murky and potentially dark, including ransom schemes and even grid attacks intended to sow chaos ahead of terrorist ground assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our adversaries are advancing at a rapid clip,” said Sue Gordon, principal deputy director of national intelligence, the federal government’s leading cybersecurity agency and a \u003ca href=\"https://gef.stanford.edu/videos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conference\u003c/a> participant. “Within a few years Russia and China will have the ability to conduct on-demand, localized disruption of service, including of control systems in multiple sectors, simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vulnerable electricity infrastructure has the attention of lawmakers in Sacramento. Some have faulted the oversight of safety procedures at power companies, a displeasure that has brought new scrutiny to the Public Utilities Commission, which regulates those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> requires utilities to undertake broader, more aggressive planning for reducing fire risks associated with utility equipment, though regulators say they have neither funding nor technology to comprehensively monitor even the measures companies already have in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state operates two entities tasked with analyzing and addressing potential hacking threats, particularly to critical infrastructure such as power stations and the dams where hydroelectric power is generated, and coordinating their efforts with utility companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles) speaks during debate at the Capitol on June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, state Senator Bob Hertzberg, who has an extensive background in the power sector, worries that California is underprepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable, oh my God; there are so many things that can go wrong,” said the Democrat from Van Nuys, who authored a law last year pinpointing threats to the grid from electromagnetic attacks. “Security is a big deal, and it’s become a big deal because we rely on electricity for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator, the private company that is the state’s grid overlord, is obsessed with security. A spokeswoman said it has significantly increased investment in cybersecurity in recent years and regularly conducts internal testing. It even relocated its fortress-like facility to cocoon its operations against harm—sited on high ground, away from known seismic faults, close (but not too close) to Sacramento and a highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every utility and power company in the state, the grid operator has marauders at its cyber-gate every minute of every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are always being attacked,” said Mark Rothleder, a CAISO vice president, gazing down at the gymnasium-sized control room where electricity supply and demand are constantly monitored. “We have mechanisms in place ... but it’s constantly changing. It’s a constantly evolving threat we have to defend against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security managers universally seem to adopt a “security through obscurity” approach, not wishing to discuss specific strategies other than to say they are in place. In addition, the state’s largest investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric—all have specific departments to defend against cyber-incursions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/81ffb848-5f9f-47d8-9445-bb8965ab6e41?src=embed\" title=\"Type \" width=\"924\" height=\"588\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attacks can come from an unknown source, anywhere in the world. Some hackers gain access to a host system and do nothing more than hide in the figurative bushes, getting to know the lay of the cyber-land and biding time. Malware lurks in dark corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take three to six months to detect a computer breach, according to David Goeckeler, Executive Vice President of San Jose-based CISCO, the computer networking giant with cybersecurity expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as often, hackers bang on the digital front door, on the off-chance it will be mistakenly opened. Goeckeler, speaking at the Stanford energy forum, said saboteurs attempt to hack CISCO’s systems 20 billion times a day. Yes, billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such threats have become a priority for the federal government. California utilities participate with those of other states in federal exercises such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/GridEX/GridEx%20IV%20Public%20Lessons%20Learned%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GridEx\u003c/a>, a war game that simulates grid attacks and coordinates potential responses with local and state emergency agencies, law enforcement, the Department of Defense and telecommunications and banking firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/grid-part-2-PHOTO-2-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoraya Griffin.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At SDG&E, which has 3.6 million electricity customers, “there’s always some type of an intrusion attempt daily,” said Zoraya Griffin, the company’s emergency operations manager. “It’s not a matter of if we have them, but how many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to threats that are difficult to see, such as those posed by hackers, some vulnerabilities are literally before our eyes. Aging equipment. Poorly maintained circuits and other key equipment. Miles of wires surrounded by overgrown vegetation and tinder-dry trees that can ignite in a flash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s response to the issue has been accelerated by the wildfire threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have ordered utilities to “harden” their equipment with such measures as replacing wooden power poles with metal or composite ones, swathing lines in more robust insulation and wrapping other equipment in metal or other fire-resistant material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission is awaiting companies’ specific fire-mitigation \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/SB901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plans\u003c/a>, due in early February. Those reports are to detail how the utilities will construct, maintain and operate their equipment to minimize its risk of causing catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work will carry a sobering price tag. For example, a federal judge has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/23/688058715/pg-e-says-federal-judge-s-safety-plan-is-infeasible-and-too-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that PG&E inspect its entire transmission system–including nearly 100,000 miles of power lines–and make its equipment more fire-safe. The utility balked, saying the work would cost $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why expose equipment and circuits to fire danger in the first place? Money. It makes the most financial sense for utilities to traverse California’s steep mountain passes and broad deserts by erecting power towers that march with giant steps across those vast landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although companies tend to locate power lines underground in new housing tracts, relocating above-ground lines under the earth is expensive–as much as $3 million a mile. In addition, digging new trenches in established neighborhoods and congested areas typically meets local resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723631\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utilities have stepped up their resiliency efforts, clearing brush and cutting trees, installing cameras to monitor far-flung equipment and focusing more on the potential of weather to cause problems. But one company, San Diego Gas & Electric, is ahead of the pack in elevating weather forecasting to a high priority, investing billions of dollars to respond to threats from nature..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s first line of defense begins 20 feet up on power poles, with compact but complex remote weather stations. The utility has the state’s most extensive weather-monitoring network, with 177 stations across 4,000 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every 10 minutes the stations beam real-time information about temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction to a command center in San Diego. The \u003ca href=\"https://sdgeweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> is also available to the public on the company’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In conditions of high wildfire risk—excessive heat or wind, for example—the information is folded into twice-daily emails shared with the state firefighting agency and local responders. The weather forecast is also included in a separate email dispatched every morning at 6:30 a.m. to company leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remote-controlled cameras provide a picture of what’s happening not only with the company’s equipment but also with the surrounding landscape. Trouble can be spotted more quickly, crews can be better positioned and power shutoffs can occur earlier when necessary. Control of the cameras can be handed off to fire officials during emergencies. In a revenge-of-the-nerds moment, meteorologists and fire forecasters now have a seat at the company table alongside the brass and the engineers when emergencies arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding the weather enables decision making,” said Chris Arends, who manages the utility’s meteorology program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Nahai is the former head of another company, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the largest municipal utility in the United States. He said keeping the lights on requires investment, planning and constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think about natural disaster all the time. You think about fires all the time. It’s an everyday priority,” Nahai said. “That doesn’t mean you can withstand everything that we are vulnerable to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/category/projects/frayed-wires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of articles\u003c/a>, published in partnership with The Sacramento Bee, to explore California’s need to modernize the electricity network that powers the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bay-area-peaks-could-get-some-snow-overnight",
"title": "Bay Area Peaks, Surrounding Mountains Get Dusting of Snow",
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"headTitle": "Bay Area Peaks, Surrounding Mountains Get Dusting of Snow | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Feb. 5, 12 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents woke Tuesday morning to find snow dusting hilltops and mountains following a rare combination of cold temperatures and precipitation that hit the region Monday. Snow fell on Mount Hamilton, Mount Diablo, Mount Tamalpais, on hills surrounding San Jose, across the Santa Cruz Mountains and a portion of Upper Skyline Boulevard in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service even reported a slight dusting of snow on Twin Peaks in San Francisco at approximately 3 a.m. on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1092787665638957057\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snow caused some road closures overnight. Highway 17 between Santa Clara and Santa Cruz counties was closed for about an hour early Tuesday. Northbound lanes of U.S. Highway 101 in unincorporated Marin County were temporarily closed Monday night into early Tuesday morning due to icy conditions, according to the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks took to social media, posting their photos of the rare event. Philip Klotzbach posted to Twitter Tuesday morning that about 3 inches of snow had fallen on the summit of Mount Diablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KQED/status/1092867994839969792\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SarRavani/status/1092812346853011456\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newly installed cameras used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.firesafemarin.org/remote-fire-detection-cameras/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scan for wildfires in Marin County\u003c/a> allowed for online views of snow-dusted peaks, such as on Mt. Tamalpais.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/marincountyfire/status/1092621471157866497\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And enough snow fell in the Santa Cruz mountains to build a snowman, albeit a small one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service reports there will be a slight chance of showers Tuesday afternoon. Highs will be near 50 with winds gusting to 20 to 30 mph in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday night will be partly cloudy in the evening, then becoming mostly clear. Lows will be in the upper 30s to mid 40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s forecast calls for sunny skies with high temps the lower 50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️❄️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SantaCruz?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SantaCruz\u003c/a> kids playing in the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BayAreaSnow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BayAreaSnow\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BonnyDoon?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BonnyDoon\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Acacia Kautz via Instagram \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>❄️❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️ \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CQfvzuFNWa\">pic.twitter.com/CQfvzuFNWa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED (@KQED) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED/status/1093229227954954241?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 6, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️❄️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, it’s not the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/PolarVortex?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#PolarVortex\u003c/a>, but dusting of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BayAreaSnow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BayAreaSnow\u003c/a> can still be beautiful. Here’s a shot up \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Berkeley?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Berkeley\u003c/a>’s Grizzly Peak, from Noah Starr on Instagram \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>❄️❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️ \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/GgA7tEbM9d\">pic.twitter.com/GgA7tEbM9d\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED (@KQED) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED/status/1093229240777039872?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 6, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">A winter wonderland on the summit of Mount Diablo (3849 feet) in the East Bay this morning. About 3 inches of snow at the summit. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/snow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#snow\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MtDiablo?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MtDiablo\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/X4GQlnP1Ds\">pic.twitter.com/X4GQlnP1Ds\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Philip Klotzbach (@philklotzbach) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/philklotzbach/status/1092828606907084801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 5, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this update.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Feb. 4:\u003c/strong> After the National Weather Service’s \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=winter%20weather%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prediction\u003c/a> of snow at its lowest levels \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/17464/snow-in-san-francisco-the-photos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since 2011\u003c/a>, the flurry of tweets about #BayAreaSnow was thick enough to blanket Bay Area newsfeeds in two feet of weather-related hype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1092552890626048000\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report\u003c/a> itself actually predicts is the potential for snow accumulation at lower levels than usual in the Bay Area, starting Monday afternoon and lasting until Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s break it down by region:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Bay: Snow mixed with rain could occur lower than 1,000 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Cruz and East Bay: Snow levels predicted at above 1,000 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Lucia Mountains and Southern Gabilan Range: Snow levels anticipated about 1,500 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely rare, though not unprecedented,” said Ryan Walbrun, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is experiencing a rare (for the area) combination of cold temperatures and precipitation and, as of Monday afternoon, there were already confirmed reports of snow in the hills. Walbrun said the lowest confirmed snow was in Lake County at 1,300 feet, while hills around Livermore also had reports of the white stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Walbrun said he wouldn’t be surprised if they got reports of snow at lower elevations, though San Francisco itself shouldn’t be as hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s even harder to get it in the city just because it’s surrounded by water on all three sides,” Walbrun said. The only places in San Francisco with even the smallest potential for snow sightings would be Twin Peaks or Mount Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The places with a much higher likelihood of accumulation are going to be the peaks in other parts of the Bay Area. Mount Tam, Mount Saint Helena, Mount Diablo and even Skyline Boulevard in the Santa Cruz mountains could see some snow. The best times for the combination of cold and wet weather to bring snow would be between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be smart in the morning if there’s ice or snow,” Walbrun warned. “Delay your time because it won’t take much to cause accidents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handy map from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> that highlights their Winter Weather Advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11723388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People took to social media to share photos and videos of the unusual Bay Area weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MarinSheriff/status/1092510391836467201\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chuckclifford/status/1092490797545472000\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/codeuncommenter/status/1092532867001798657\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we eagerly await snowy photos in our newsfeeds tonight, let’s take a wintery stroll through the history of notable Bay Area snowfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1962\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 573px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"573\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962.jpg 573w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children playing in the snow at Westmore High School. \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1939\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572.jpg 449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572-160x143.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fisherman’s Wharf after a snow fall. (1939) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1932\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 544px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836.jpg\" alt=\"Cows in the snow on Twin Peaks, houses in background.\" width=\"544\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836.jpg 544w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows in the snow on Twin Peaks, houses in background. (1932) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1882\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Square, San Francisco, snow storm. (1882) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Feb. 5, 12 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents woke Tuesday morning to find snow dusting hilltops and mountains following a rare combination of cold temperatures and precipitation that hit the region Monday. Snow fell on Mount Hamilton, Mount Diablo, Mount Tamalpais, on hills surrounding San Jose, across the Santa Cruz Mountains and a portion of Upper Skyline Boulevard in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service even reported a slight dusting of snow on Twin Peaks in San Francisco at approximately 3 a.m. on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The snow caused some road closures overnight. Highway 17 between Santa Clara and Santa Cruz counties was closed for about an hour early Tuesday. Northbound lanes of U.S. Highway 101 in unincorporated Marin County were temporarily closed Monday night into early Tuesday morning due to icy conditions, according to the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks took to social media, posting their photos of the rare event. Philip Klotzbach posted to Twitter Tuesday morning that about 3 inches of snow had fallen on the summit of Mount Diablo.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Newly installed cameras used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.firesafemarin.org/remote-fire-detection-cameras/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scan for wildfires in Marin County\u003c/a> allowed for online views of snow-dusted peaks, such as on Mt. Tamalpais.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>And enough snow fell in the Santa Cruz mountains to build a snowman, albeit a small one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service reports there will be a slight chance of showers Tuesday afternoon. Highs will be near 50 with winds gusting to 20 to 30 mph in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday night will be partly cloudy in the evening, then becoming mostly clear. Lows will be in the upper 30s to mid 40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s forecast calls for sunny skies with high temps the lower 50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️❄️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SantaCruz?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SantaCruz\u003c/a> kids playing in the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BayAreaSnow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BayAreaSnow\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BonnyDoon?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BonnyDoon\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Acacia Kautz via Instagram \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>❄️❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️ \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CQfvzuFNWa\">pic.twitter.com/CQfvzuFNWa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED (@KQED) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED/status/1093229227954954241?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 6, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️❄️\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, it’s not the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/PolarVortex?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#PolarVortex\u003c/a>, but dusting of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BayAreaSnow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BayAreaSnow\u003c/a> can still be beautiful. Here’s a shot up \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Berkeley?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Berkeley\u003c/a>’s Grizzly Peak, from Noah Starr on Instagram \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>❄️❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️❄️\u003cbr>❄️ \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/GgA7tEbM9d\">pic.twitter.com/GgA7tEbM9d\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED (@KQED) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED/status/1093229240777039872?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 6, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">A winter wonderland on the summit of Mount Diablo (3849 feet) in the East Bay this morning. About 3 inches of snow at the summit. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/snow?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#snow\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MtDiablo?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MtDiablo\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/X4GQlnP1Ds\">pic.twitter.com/X4GQlnP1Ds\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Philip Klotzbach (@philklotzbach) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/philklotzbach/status/1092828606907084801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 5, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay City News contributed to this update.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post Feb. 4:\u003c/strong> After the National Weather Service’s \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=winter%20weather%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prediction\u003c/a> of snow at its lowest levels \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/17464/snow-in-san-francisco-the-photos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since 2011\u003c/a>, the flurry of tweets about #BayAreaSnow was thick enough to blanket Bay Area newsfeeds in two feet of weather-related hype.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>What \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report\u003c/a> itself actually predicts is the potential for snow accumulation at lower levels than usual in the Bay Area, starting Monday afternoon and lasting until Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s break it down by region:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Bay: Snow mixed with rain could occur lower than 1,000 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Cruz and East Bay: Snow levels predicted at above 1,000 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Lucia Mountains and Southern Gabilan Range: Snow levels anticipated about 1,500 feet.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely rare, though not unprecedented,” said Ryan Walbrun, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is experiencing a rare (for the area) combination of cold temperatures and precipitation and, as of Monday afternoon, there were already confirmed reports of snow in the hills. Walbrun said the lowest confirmed snow was in Lake County at 1,300 feet, while hills around Livermore also had reports of the white stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Walbrun said he wouldn’t be surprised if they got reports of snow at lower elevations, though San Francisco itself shouldn’t be as hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s even harder to get it in the city just because it’s surrounded by water on all three sides,” Walbrun said. The only places in San Francisco with even the smallest potential for snow sightings would be Twin Peaks or Mount Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The places with a much higher likelihood of accumulation are going to be the peaks in other parts of the Bay Area. Mount Tam, Mount Saint Helena, Mount Diablo and even Skyline Boulevard in the Santa Cruz mountains could see some snow. The best times for the combination of cold and wet weather to bring snow would be between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be smart in the morning if there’s ice or snow,” Walbrun warned. “Delay your time because it won’t take much to cause accidents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a handy map from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> that highlights their Winter Weather Advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11723388\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WeatherStory2.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People took to social media to share photos and videos of the unusual Bay Area weather.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While we eagerly await snowy photos in our newsfeeds tonight, let’s take a wintery stroll through the history of notable Bay Area snowfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1962\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 573px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"573\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962.jpg 573w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/1962-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children playing in the snow at Westmore High School. \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1939\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572.jpg 449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAB-8572-160x143.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fisherman’s Wharf after a snow fall. (1939) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1932\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 544px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836.jpg\" alt=\"Cows in the snow on Twin Peaks, houses in background.\" width=\"544\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836.jpg 544w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAZ-0836-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows in the snow on Twin Peaks, houses in background. (1932) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1882\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11723438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AAA-7124-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Square, San Francisco, snow storm. (1882) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Weather Geek, Why Do Some Parts of the Bay Area Always Get More Rain?",
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"headTitle": "Weather Geek, Why Do Some Parts of the Bay Area Always Get More Rain? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap] random weather question surfaces in the KQED newsroom, to wit: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“A member of my household (OK, my husband) would like to know why do some parts of the Bay Area always get more rain than others? We get the same storm systems, so why do parts of the North Bay and the Santa Cruz Mountains get hit so much harder?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone with a coffee mug that reads “Weather Geek,” I’ve been called upon to reply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to begin: Yes, it’s a real thing. There are parts of the North Bay, which the local office of the National Weather Service defines as stretching all the way to the Sonoma-Mendocino county line, that are well known for their high winter rain totals. Ditto for the area around Mount Tamalpais in Marin County and the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what we’ve seen in our most recent series of storms, during which nearly 10 inches of rain has fallen in the mountains south of San Jose and nearly nine inches has come down in northern Sonoma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main cause here, as in regions throughout California and the world, is local topography and what meteorologists term \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=orographic+lifting\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">orographic lifting\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists point to other factors, too, especially the general tendency for rainfall to increase on the West Coast as one moves from south to north due to large-scale atmospheric factors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, as to that orographic thing: That’s a process in which air colliding with obstacles in the landscape — mountains, ridges and hills — is forced to rise. Rising air cools, and the cooling causes water vapor in the air to condense. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ggweather/status/827669195877908481\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When moisture-laden air is driven across coastal terrain by vigorous winter storm winds, that process of orographic lifting leads to significantly higher amounts of rainfall over the mountains and hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, areas to the east of the high terrain are in “rain shadows” that receive dramatically lower amounts of precipitation than sites in or to the west of the mountains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens with orographics … that air flow that’s below two or three thousand feet, or in the case of San Francisco below a thousand feet, it can’t run through the mountains, so it gets forced up over the top,” says veteran Bay Area meteorologist Jan Null. “That process lifts that air up, and our better precipitation-producing clouds are those that have stronger vertical motions. So you get vertical motion, you get more air rising up, you get more precipitation out of it. On the east side, then you get sinking air, which is detrimental to the formation of precipitation.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neil Lareau, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Nevada, Reno, says the orientation of the mountains and ridges in the Bay Area — they generally face southwest — is also important in squeezing out more rainfall from storm winds blowing from that direction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southwest-facing mountains “are lifting that really moist layer of marine air … and they’re adding a whole bunch of water to clouds at a low level as the air runs up the mountain slopes,” Lareau says. “Technically, this is called a warm-rain process — you can picture it as really, really intense drizzle that gets added to the storm system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since rain will start much sooner in such orographically favored areas, he says, “those places get a huge amount of rain, both in terms of intensity and duration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/982489479125585920\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]hese effects — enhanced orographic rainfall and corresponding rain shadows — can lead to surprisingly dramatic differences in rainfall over short distances. Bay Area meteorologist Jan Null points out in his narrative \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">summary of San Francisco’s climate\u003c/a> that the city’s average annual rainfall varies from more than 22 inches in the hills in south-central neighborhoods to 18 inches in the city’s northeastern corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best-known example of a local contrast between a wet site and a nearby dry site is in the South Bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At San Jose airport, you get 15 inches of rain a year,” Null says. “You get up around the Ben Lomond area in the Santa Cruz Mountains, you get around 60 inches. That’s a 4-to-1 ratio in about 15 miles as the crow flies.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar, if less startling differences, can be found throughout the region. Half Moon Bay, on the San Mateo coast, gets about 29 inches of rain a year; Palo Alto, 15 miles to the southeast, and across ridges that rise to more than 2,000 feet, gets about 16 inches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau notes that a couple of other factors explain the tendency for more rain to fall in the northern half of the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is called “terrain channeling and convergence,” in which southerly winds blowing from the Santa Clara Valley and up the bay meet a moist flow of air flowing through the Golden Gate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This can lead to an enhancement of precipitation where those two air streams run together,” Lareau says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also points to the Bay Area’s location relative to the winter jet stream — a sort of high-altitude blast of air that plays a central role in steering and enhancing storms and plumes of moisture arriving from the Pacific. The jet often takes aim at our part of the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is remarkably at this dividing point — the South Bay versus the North Bay, there are many more hours of precipitation once you move up into Marin and locations to the north than there are to the south. And really, that dividing line is just about San Francisco,” Lareau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the region’s rainiest spots — in the hills and ridges of the Russian River watershed in northern Sonoma County — owe their reputations mostly to orographic influences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cazadero, a tiny community north of the river and about 10 miles inland from the coast, was once dubbed by no less than the Los Angeles Times the “\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/26/news/mn-23285\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">state’s wettest town\u003c/a>.” It’s a mess finding up-to-date climate data for the area, but according to one fragmentary record from the Western Regional Climate Center, Cazadero and environs records average rainfall in the 75- to 80-inch range.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937679/proposed-scale-for-atmospheric-river-storms-runs-from-beneficial-to-hazardous\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Storms Get Some Respect With New Scale\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937679/proposed-scale-for-atmospheric-river-storms-runs-from-beneficial-to-hazardous\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/RS8626_467299859-1020x668.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The storms known as ‘atmospheric rivers’ can be highly beneficial to California’s water supply. They can also be deadly. A new scale helps sort them out — but will it catch on?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Which is a lot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we hear more frequently these days about Venado, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a remote ridgetop location\u003c/a> just west of Healdsburg, which has a networked and frequently reported-on rain gauge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to my own crunching of \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/dynamicapp/QueryDaily?s=VEN&end=2019-04-04&span=430months\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Venado’s rainfall numbers\u003c/a> from the Department of Water Resources California Data Exchange Center, Venado has averaged about 59 inches of rain a year since the early 1980s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado does deserve acknowledgment, though, for its ridiculous rainfall total two seasons ago, in the water year that ran from Oct. 1, 2016, through Sept. 30, 2017. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll remember that was a fabulously wet non-El Niño year, featuring all sorts of weather mayhem. According to California-Nevada River Forecast Center records, 48 stations in the state, from the mountains above Big Sur to the highlands above Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville to the Oregon border, recorded 100 inches of rainfall or more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado received 154.2 inches of rain for that season — ranking No. 4 in the state behind three sites in the mercilessly deluged Feather River watershed above Oroville. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The main reason we see major variations in rainfall from place to place? It's got a lot to do with the local landscape. ",
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"title": "Weather Geek, Why Do Some Parts of the Bay Area Always Get More Rain? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> random weather question surfaces in the KQED newsroom, to wit: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“A member of my household (OK, my husband) would like to know why do some parts of the Bay Area always get more rain than others? We get the same storm systems, so why do parts of the North Bay and the Santa Cruz Mountains get hit so much harder?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone with a coffee mug that reads “Weather Geek,” I’ve been called upon to reply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to begin: Yes, it’s a real thing. There are parts of the North Bay, which the local office of the National Weather Service defines as stretching all the way to the Sonoma-Mendocino county line, that are well known for their high winter rain totals. Ditto for the area around Mount Tamalpais in Marin County and the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what we’ve seen in our most recent series of storms, during which nearly 10 inches of rain has fallen in the mountains south of San Jose and nearly nine inches has come down in northern Sonoma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main cause here, as in regions throughout California and the world, is local topography and what meteorologists term \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=orographic+lifting\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">orographic lifting\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists point to other factors, too, especially the general tendency for rainfall to increase on the West Coast as one moves from south to north due to large-scale atmospheric factors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, as to that orographic thing: That’s a process in which air colliding with obstacles in the landscape — mountains, ridges and hills — is forced to rise. Rising air cools, and the cooling causes water vapor in the air to condense. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>When moisture-laden air is driven across coastal terrain by vigorous winter storm winds, that process of orographic lifting leads to significantly higher amounts of rainfall over the mountains and hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, areas to the east of the high terrain are in “rain shadows” that receive dramatically lower amounts of precipitation than sites in or to the west of the mountains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens with orographics … that air flow that’s below two or three thousand feet, or in the case of San Francisco below a thousand feet, it can’t run through the mountains, so it gets forced up over the top,” says veteran Bay Area meteorologist Jan Null. “That process lifts that air up, and our better precipitation-producing clouds are those that have stronger vertical motions. So you get vertical motion, you get more air rising up, you get more precipitation out of it. On the east side, then you get sinking air, which is detrimental to the formation of precipitation.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neil Lareau, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Nevada, Reno, says the orientation of the mountains and ridges in the Bay Area — they generally face southwest — is also important in squeezing out more rainfall from storm winds blowing from that direction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The southwest-facing mountains “are lifting that really moist layer of marine air … and they’re adding a whole bunch of water to clouds at a low level as the air runs up the mountain slopes,” Lareau says. “Technically, this is called a warm-rain process — you can picture it as really, really intense drizzle that gets added to the storm system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since rain will start much sooner in such orographically favored areas, he says, “those places get a huge amount of rain, both in terms of intensity and duration.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hese effects — enhanced orographic rainfall and corresponding rain shadows — can lead to surprisingly dramatic differences in rainfall over short distances. Bay Area meteorologist Jan Null points out in his narrative \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">summary of San Francisco’s climate\u003c/a> that the city’s average annual rainfall varies from more than 22 inches in the hills in south-central neighborhoods to 18 inches in the city’s northeastern corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best-known example of a local contrast between a wet site and a nearby dry site is in the South Bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At San Jose airport, you get 15 inches of rain a year,” Null says. “You get up around the Ben Lomond area in the Santa Cruz Mountains, you get around 60 inches. That’s a 4-to-1 ratio in about 15 miles as the crow flies.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar, if less startling differences, can be found throughout the region. Half Moon Bay, on the San Mateo coast, gets about 29 inches of rain a year; Palo Alto, 15 miles to the southeast, and across ridges that rise to more than 2,000 feet, gets about 16 inches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau notes that a couple of other factors explain the tendency for more rain to fall in the northern half of the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is called “terrain channeling and convergence,” in which southerly winds blowing from the Santa Clara Valley and up the bay meet a moist flow of air flowing through the Golden Gate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This can lead to an enhancement of precipitation where those two air streams run together,” Lareau says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also points to the Bay Area’s location relative to the winter jet stream — a sort of high-altitude blast of air that plays a central role in steering and enhancing storms and plumes of moisture arriving from the Pacific. The jet often takes aim at our part of the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is remarkably at this dividing point — the South Bay versus the North Bay, there are many more hours of precipitation once you move up into Marin and locations to the north than there are to the south. And really, that dividing line is just about San Francisco,” Lareau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the region’s rainiest spots — in the hills and ridges of the Russian River watershed in northern Sonoma County — owe their reputations mostly to orographic influences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cazadero, a tiny community north of the river and about 10 miles inland from the coast, was once dubbed by no less than the Los Angeles Times the “\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/26/news/mn-23285\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">state’s wettest town\u003c/a>.” It’s a mess finding up-to-date climate data for the area, but according to one fragmentary record from the Western Regional Climate Center, Cazadero and environs records average rainfall in the 75- to 80-inch range.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937679/proposed-scale-for-atmospheric-river-storms-runs-from-beneficial-to-hazardous\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Storms Get Some Respect With New Scale\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937679/proposed-scale-for-atmospheric-river-storms-runs-from-beneficial-to-hazardous\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/RS8626_467299859-1020x668.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The storms known as ‘atmospheric rivers’ can be highly beneficial to California’s water supply. They can also be deadly. A new scale helps sort them out — but will it catch on?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Which is a lot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we hear more frequently these days about Venado, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a remote ridgetop location\u003c/a> just west of Healdsburg, which has a networked and frequently reported-on rain gauge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to my own crunching of \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/dynamicapp/QueryDaily?s=VEN&end=2019-04-04&span=430months\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Venado’s rainfall numbers\u003c/a> from the Department of Water Resources California Data Exchange Center, Venado has averaged about 59 inches of rain a year since the early 1980s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado does deserve acknowledgment, though, for its ridiculous rainfall total two seasons ago, in the water year that ran from Oct. 1, 2016, through Sept. 30, 2017. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll remember that was a fabulously wet non-El Niño year, featuring all sorts of weather mayhem. According to California-Nevada River Forecast Center records, 48 stations in the state, from the mountains above Big Sur to the highlands above Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville to the Oregon border, recorded 100 inches of rainfall or more. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado received 154.2 inches of rain for that season — ranking No. 4 in the state behind three sites in the mercilessly deluged Feather River watershed above Oroville. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves",
"title": "February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves",
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"headTitle": "February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t’s February. Which means almond growers around the state — you’ve heard \u003ca href=\"http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2017%20Almanac%20Final%20-%20updated%207.5.18.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">we grow almonds\u003c/a> here, right? — are getting ready for the most crucial few weeks in their entire season. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when bees \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">by the billions\u003c/a> swarm the more than 2,000 square miles of almond orchards in the Central Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees, trucked in from all over the country, buzz through the vast expanses of almond trees and their trillions of white and pink blossoms to pollinate the crop. It’s an agricultural epic, regarded as the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">largest managed pollination event\u003c/a>” on the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the season when bees — whole hives of them, sometimes dozens or hundreds of hives at a time — start to go missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our recent habit of reading Facebook posts from the Butte County Sheriff’s Office, we came across \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the following item\u003c/a>: A couple was arrested Friday in the community of Biggs, just outside Oroville, on charges of felony possession of stolen property. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property in question: several beehives that had vanished a couple of days earlier from a commercial beekeeping operation about 13 miles west of Biggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butte sheriff’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the arrests said evidence at the scene of the theft suggested someone had taken the hives, put them on a small trailer and driven away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the hives went missing, the Sheriff’s Office said, Deputy Jay Freeman was alerted to a small utility trailer parked in the driveway of a home in Biggs. The trailer was suspicious, Freeman was told, because the residents were not known to have kept bees or beehives in the past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies determined the hives matched those reported stolen and arrested the home’s residents, Kenneth Dwayne Allen, 55, and Linda Milstead, 52. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fbcsonews%2Fposts%2F1261222800694662&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the sheriff’s statement, Allen and Milstead said they had intended to place the stolen hives in an orchard near Winters, in Yolo County, under a contract for almond pollination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted on the possession of stolen property charge, they could face up to a year in county jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged Biggs theft wasn’t the only one reported to Butte County authorities last week. The California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/1-28-2019-hive-theft-alert/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a second incident\u003c/a> west of the town of Richvale in which eight hives were stolen by thieves who may have used a flatbed truck equipped with a boom to carry the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CSBA alert says, the suspected thieves might have returned to the scene of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evening of Jan. 28, the owner of the hives was at the apiary yard getting ready to load bees for almond pollination,” the CSBA said. “An older model late 1980s Chevrolet or similar, 14-foot flatbed truck with a boom on it drove up to the yard after dark, at approximately 6 p.m. When the driver of the vehicle saw there were people in the yard they drove off and out of the area and never returned. It is believed based off the evidence and circumstances that this vehicle may have been involved in the prior theft and was returning to steal more beehives. It is also believed that this vehicle will continue to search for hives to steal as almond pollination is upon us in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ee thievery is not new. News outlets all over the country have reported on one of the biggest known heists, a Fresno case in which two men were busted in possession of as many as 2,500 beehives reportedly worth nearly $1 million. (See, for instance, in-depth reporting by \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/californias-almond-harvest-has-created-a-golden-opportunity-for-bee-thieves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-06-26/how-to-steal-50-million-bees\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is it happening? \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almonds are big business. California’s crop is valued at more than $5 billion a year, and bees that make that payoff possible are impressive earners in their own right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond growers typically deploy two hives per acre of orchard, with the hives generally renting at between $180 and $200 each for a season that lasts four or five weeks at most. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 2 million or so hives hired out for almond pollination, that adds up to gross revenue of hundreds of millions of dollars earned in about a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen large-scale beekeeping operations reported on a California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018-CSBA-Survey.xlsx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey\u003c/a> last year that they hired out total of 91,000 hives for almond pollination and grossed about $17.3 million — an average of more than $1 million each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is behind the thefts? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consensus among those in the industry is that experienced beekeepers are often responsible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,” one bee contractor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was apparently the case in the big Fresno case. One of the two men arrested in the 2017 Fresno bee rustling, Pavel Tveretinov, is a beekeeper from Sacramento County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the headlines it generated, that case is still months from going to trial. After numerous delays, Tveretinov and an alleged accomplice are now scheduled for a preliminary hearing in June — more than two years after their arrests.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>t’s February. Which means almond growers around the state — you’ve heard \u003ca href=\"http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2017%20Almanac%20Final%20-%20updated%207.5.18.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">we grow almonds\u003c/a> here, right? — are getting ready for the most crucial few weeks in their entire season. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when bees \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">by the billions\u003c/a> swarm the more than 2,000 square miles of almond orchards in the Central Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees, trucked in from all over the country, buzz through the vast expanses of almond trees and their trillions of white and pink blossoms to pollinate the crop. It’s an agricultural epic, regarded as the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">largest managed pollination event\u003c/a>” on the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the season when bees — whole hives of them, sometimes dozens or hundreds of hives at a time — start to go missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our recent habit of reading Facebook posts from the Butte County Sheriff’s Office, we came across \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the following item\u003c/a>: A couple was arrested Friday in the community of Biggs, just outside Oroville, on charges of felony possession of stolen property. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property in question: several beehives that had vanished a couple of days earlier from a commercial beekeeping operation about 13 miles west of Biggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butte sheriff’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the arrests said evidence at the scene of the theft suggested someone had taken the hives, put them on a small trailer and driven away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the hives went missing, the Sheriff’s Office said, Deputy Jay Freeman was alerted to a small utility trailer parked in the driveway of a home in Biggs. The trailer was suspicious, Freeman was told, because the residents were not known to have kept bees or beehives in the past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies determined the hives matched those reported stolen and arrested the home’s residents, Kenneth Dwayne Allen, 55, and Linda Milstead, 52. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fbcsonews%2Fposts%2F1261222800694662&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the sheriff’s statement, Allen and Milstead said they had intended to place the stolen hives in an orchard near Winters, in Yolo County, under a contract for almond pollination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted on the possession of stolen property charge, they could face up to a year in county jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged Biggs theft wasn’t the only one reported to Butte County authorities last week. The California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/1-28-2019-hive-theft-alert/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a second incident\u003c/a> west of the town of Richvale in which eight hives were stolen by thieves who may have used a flatbed truck equipped with a boom to carry the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CSBA alert says, the suspected thieves might have returned to the scene of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evening of Jan. 28, the owner of the hives was at the apiary yard getting ready to load bees for almond pollination,” the CSBA said. “An older model late 1980s Chevrolet or similar, 14-foot flatbed truck with a boom on it drove up to the yard after dark, at approximately 6 p.m. When the driver of the vehicle saw there were people in the yard they drove off and out of the area and never returned. It is believed based off the evidence and circumstances that this vehicle may have been involved in the prior theft and was returning to steal more beehives. It is also believed that this vehicle will continue to search for hives to steal as almond pollination is upon us in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ee thievery is not new. News outlets all over the country have reported on one of the biggest known heists, a Fresno case in which two men were busted in possession of as many as 2,500 beehives reportedly worth nearly $1 million. (See, for instance, in-depth reporting by \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/californias-almond-harvest-has-created-a-golden-opportunity-for-bee-thieves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-06-26/how-to-steal-50-million-bees\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is it happening? \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almonds are big business. California’s crop is valued at more than $5 billion a year, and bees that make that payoff possible are impressive earners in their own right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond growers typically deploy two hives per acre of orchard, with the hives generally renting at between $180 and $200 each for a season that lasts four or five weeks at most. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 2 million or so hives hired out for almond pollination, that adds up to gross revenue of hundreds of millions of dollars earned in about a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen large-scale beekeeping operations reported on a California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018-CSBA-Survey.xlsx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey\u003c/a> last year that they hired out total of 91,000 hives for almond pollination and grossed about $17.3 million — an average of more than $1 million each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is behind the thefts? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consensus among those in the industry is that experienced beekeepers are often responsible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,” one bee contractor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was apparently the case in the big Fresno case. One of the two men arrested in the 2017 Fresno bee rustling, Pavel Tveretinov, is a beekeeper from Sacramento County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the headlines it generated, that case is still months from going to trial. After numerous delays, Tveretinov and an alleged accomplice are now scheduled for a preliminary hearing in June — more than two years after their arrests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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