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"content": "\u003cp>The 2,000-mile border between the U.S. and Mexico traverses hundreds of miles of public lands, including six national parks. Environmentalists have long argued that a border wall has negative impacts on wildlife and on delicate desert and mountainous terrains. With President Trump's national emergency declaration, those concerns will only grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, Congress gave the Department of Homeland Security authority to waive environmental regulations for national security reasons. The government can bypass a whole host of laws, including the Endangered Species and Clean Air Acts, in order to expedite border wall construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns environmentalists like Laiken Jordahl, with the Tucson-based Center for Biological Diversity. On a recent overcast morning, he stood in front of a new section of border fence near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in southern New Mexico. The 20-mile-long steel fence was constructed last year, replacing waist-high vehicle barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11727929 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/wall1-937797ff260eb587d7c756a5a479566ec095ecc7-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"New 18-foot, steel bollard fencing is replacing an old vehicle border near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in New Mexico. Environmentalists are concerned the new fencing will block off wildlife corridors.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New 18-foot steel bollard fencing is replacing an old vehicle border near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in New Mexico. Environmentalists are concerned the new fencing will block off wildlife corridors. \u003ccite>(Mallory Falk/KRWG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"To think we could do something like this free of significant environmental consequences, it's delusional,\" Jordahl said. \"We're fundamentally changing the landscape here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, the Chihuahuan Desert seems somewhat deserted — mostly sand, spotted with mesquite and soaptree yucca. But it's actually home to lots of wildlife, from mountain lions and coyotes to the endangered Mexican gray wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sorts of animals have evolved for millennia untold to migrate freely through the desert,\" Jordahl said. \"And now we have, really, this landscape-scale obstruction that will stop all species in their tracks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11727546/redistributing-funds-to-build-the-wall\">Redistributing Funds to Build the Wall\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11727546/redistributing-funds-to-build-the-wall\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/wallfunds_022019_final-1020x716.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity and other groups have filed numerous lawsuits challenging the government's authority to waive environmental regulations. So far, most have failed. Now, the Center has joined two other conservation groups in \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/border-wall-02-16-2019.php\">a new lawsuit\u003c/a> against the national emergency declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection takes issue with claims that the wall is damaging local environments. A CBP official explained that the agency \"conducts all necessary research and surveys to include environmental clearances prior to beginning any construction to identify and avoid or mitigate potential impacts to sensitive locations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some conservationists remain skeptical and frustrated with the rhetoric around border barriers. \"There's a lot of silly semantics going on in the national debate over whether it's a wall or a fence,\" says Kevin Bixby, with the Southwest Environmental Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico. \"From our perspective, if it's a big structure that prevents the passage of wildlife, it's a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of new wall construction is expected along the Rio Grande River in Texas. CBP says they have engaged local, state, federal and non-governmental organizations there to \"identify and address potential impacts to cultural, historical and natural resources that may be within planned barrier alignment in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. This is an example of our efforts to protect the environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new border fencing in the Rio Grande Valley could end up cutting through critical floodplains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josiah Heyman directs the Center for Inter-American and Border Studies at the University of Texas, El Paso. \"The fence-wall is a huge barrier to the normal movement of water,\" he says. Trash and debris can clog the structure, effectively forming a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/696372731/696399021\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a border wall was constructed in 2008 in parts of Arizona, monsoon floodwaters built up behind the wall and poured into the Mexican city of Nogales. Heyman says something similar could happen on both sides of the border in the Rio Grande Valley — especially if a hurricane blows in from the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really do share the same water, and it's something that you can't build a wall through,\" Heyman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20190211/CRPT-116hrpt9.pdf\">newly signed border security bill\u003c/a>, some south Texas environmental sites were specifically protected, like the Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge and the National Butterfly Garden. But it's not clear what might happens to those sites now that President Trump has declared a national emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 KRWG. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 2,000-mile border between the U.S. and Mexico traverses hundreds of miles of public lands, including six national parks. Environmentalists have long argued that a border wall has negative impacts on wildlife and on delicate desert and mountainous terrains. With President Trump's national emergency declaration, those concerns will only grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, Congress gave the Department of Homeland Security authority to waive environmental regulations for national security reasons. The government can bypass a whole host of laws, including the Endangered Species and Clean Air Acts, in order to expedite border wall construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns environmentalists like Laiken Jordahl, with the Tucson-based Center for Biological Diversity. On a recent overcast morning, he stood in front of a new section of border fence near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in southern New Mexico. The 20-mile-long steel fence was constructed last year, replacing waist-high vehicle barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11727929 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/wall1-937797ff260eb587d7c756a5a479566ec095ecc7-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"New 18-foot, steel bollard fencing is replacing an old vehicle border near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in New Mexico. Environmentalists are concerned the new fencing will block off wildlife corridors.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New 18-foot steel bollard fencing is replacing an old vehicle border near the Santa Teresa Port of Entry in New Mexico. Environmentalists are concerned the new fencing will block off wildlife corridors. \u003ccite>(Mallory Falk/KRWG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"To think we could do something like this free of significant environmental consequences, it's delusional,\" Jordahl said. \"We're fundamentally changing the landscape here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, the Chihuahuan Desert seems somewhat deserted — mostly sand, spotted with mesquite and soaptree yucca. But it's actually home to lots of wildlife, from mountain lions and coyotes to the endangered Mexican gray wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sorts of animals have evolved for millennia untold to migrate freely through the desert,\" Jordahl said. \"And now we have, really, this landscape-scale obstruction that will stop all species in their tracks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11727546/redistributing-funds-to-build-the-wall\">Redistributing Funds to Build the Wall\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11727546/redistributing-funds-to-build-the-wall\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/wallfunds_022019_final-1020x716.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity and other groups have filed numerous lawsuits challenging the government's authority to waive environmental regulations. So far, most have failed. Now, the Center has joined two other conservation groups in \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/border-wall-02-16-2019.php\">a new lawsuit\u003c/a> against the national emergency declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection takes issue with claims that the wall is damaging local environments. A CBP official explained that the agency \"conducts all necessary research and surveys to include environmental clearances prior to beginning any construction to identify and avoid or mitigate potential impacts to sensitive locations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some conservationists remain skeptical and frustrated with the rhetoric around border barriers. \"There's a lot of silly semantics going on in the national debate over whether it's a wall or a fence,\" says Kevin Bixby, with the Southwest Environmental Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico. \"From our perspective, if it's a big structure that prevents the passage of wildlife, it's a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of new wall construction is expected along the Rio Grande River in Texas. CBP says they have engaged local, state, federal and non-governmental organizations there to \"identify and address potential impacts to cultural, historical and natural resources that may be within planned barrier alignment in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. This is an example of our efforts to protect the environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new border fencing in the Rio Grande Valley could end up cutting through critical floodplains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josiah Heyman directs the Center for Inter-American and Border Studies at the University of Texas, El Paso. \"The fence-wall is a huge barrier to the normal movement of water,\" he says. Trash and debris can clog the structure, effectively forming a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/696372731/696399021\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a border wall was constructed in 2008 in parts of Arizona, monsoon floodwaters built up behind the wall and poured into the Mexican city of Nogales. Heyman says something similar could happen on both sides of the border in the Rio Grande Valley — especially if a hurricane blows in from the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really do share the same water, and it's something that you can't build a wall through,\" Heyman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20190211/CRPT-116hrpt9.pdf\">newly signed border security bill\u003c/a>, some south Texas environmental sites were specifically protected, like the Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge and the National Butterfly Garden. But it's not clear what might happens to those sites now that President Trump has declared a national emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 KRWG. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.krwg.org\">KRWG\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Critics+Say+Border+Wall+Could+Harm+Wildlife+Corridors+And+Sensitive+Desert+Terrain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Could Be Worse Than the Next Big Fire? The Next Big Fire Caused by PG&E",
"title": "What Could Be Worse Than the Next Big Fire? The Next Big Fire Caused by PG&E",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722186/5-things-to-know-about-the-pge-bankruptcy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bankruptcy\u003c/a> has set off a financial race among creditors, bondholders, wildfire victims, insurers and others hoping to recover as much money as they can from California’s largest utility. The road to rehabilitation is expected to be twisty and long, lasting two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Californians confronting the new normal of climate-driven wildfire, PG&E’s woes have an additional wrinkle: the likelihood that the state’s pain will be compounded if PG&E ends up causing the next big disaster — which, given PG&E’s size and record, is a real possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read more of KQED's coverage\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">PG&E Unveils Wildfire Safety Plan Featuring Possible Large-Scale Power Cutoffs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725974/what-happens-when-the-next-big-wildfire-hits\">What Happens When the Next Big Wildfire Hits?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11720738/cal-fire-pge-not-at-fault-in-fire-that-destroyed-parts-of-santa-rosa\">Cal Fire: PG&E Power Lines Did Not Start Fire That Destroyed Parts of Santa Rosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Like all California utilities, PG&E has filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">extensive wildfire prevention plans\u003c/a>. In addition to removing trees, adding weather stations and insulating equipment, the utility serving northern and central California has vowed to expand power shut-off territory to as many as 5.4 million customers, up from 570,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, PG&E is a prime suspect in the deadliest fire in state history, the Butte County \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>. And a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-utilities-wildfires-regulators-20190128-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times report\u003c/a> citing the California Public Utilities Commission found that of more than 2,000 wildfires between June 2014 and December 2017 traced to utilities, more than 1,500 were caused by PG&E equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should PG&E be liable for another major wildfire while the company is still reorganizing in bankruptcy court, it would add costs for consumers and complicate claims for victims. PG&E’s 16 million customers, who are already expected to shoulder bankruptcy debts, would have to pay off new wildfire costs and any new safety measures ordered by a federal judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a twist, victims of the next PG&E fire would jump ahead of existing PG&E victims — and likely collect more — as a result of how claims get prioritized in bankruptcy proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were an existing tort victim, I’d say it’s terrible,” said Robert Rasmussen, a law professor specializing in bankruptcy at the Gould School of Law at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing risk and high stakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727141\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-1020x707.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-1200x832.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redding firefighters look on as the Carr Fire moves through the area on July 28, 2018. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The PG&E story is playing out against the broader realization that climate change is about to become breathtakingly costly. Already, insurers are adjusting premiums to reflect the rising frequency and severity of disaster in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire damages from the past two years alone have been so staggering that insurance companies say it could take until the middle of the century for them to break even. Meanwhile, as insurance rates climb in wildfire country, insurers say homeowners, may be scrimping or buying no coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rex Frazier, president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California, said studies show that as insurance rates rise, consumers are more likely to consciously under-insure, often not even covering their cost of rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an affordability issue,” Frazier said. “People just buy less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>'This pressure comes at a time when the entire energy market is evolving\u003c/strong> … Regulations and insurance practices created decades ago didn’t anticipate these changes.'\u003ccite>Gov. Gavin Newsom,\u003cbr>2019 State of the State\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the environmental risk grows. State and federal forestry officials announced this week that 147 million trees have died in California since 2010. The trees are the direct victims of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/what-is-killing-californias-trees/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">drought and disease\u003c/a> and become fuel for the next wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At ground zero of that ongoing risk are California’s utilities, who fight increasingly long odds as they struggle to keep equipment from sparking towering infernos while keeping the lights on. For them, too, the market has spoken. Credit rating agencies have downgraded not just PG&E but also Southern California Edison and the parent company of San Diego Gas & Electric amid concerns about exposure to fire claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has offered state lawmakers few easy political solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This pressure comes at a time when the entire energy market is evolving,” Gov. Gavin Newsom noted in his \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsom-state-of-the-state-annotated/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">State of the State address\u003c/a>. “From roof-top solar and wind generation to smart grid technologies, from community choice aggregators to direct access service, otherwise known as power purchasing agreements, more and more of our electricity now is procured outside of investor-owned utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulations and insurance practices created decades ago didn’t anticipate these changes. So we must map out longer-term strategies, not just for the utilities’ future, but for California’s energy future, to ensure that the cost of climate change doesn’t fall on those least able to afford it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has assembled a strike team of climate experts and bankruptcy lawyers to deal with the PG&E fallout, and said they’ll be working for the next two months on a comprehensive strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Victims vs. victims\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1129061916-e1550521953504.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1129061916-e1550521953504.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727143\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial of wooden crosses line the road in Paradise three months after the Camp Fire in honor of those who lost their lives. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even before the bankruptcy, legal experts and lawmakers warned that those who lost loved ones and homes in the recent wildfires might end up being shortchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing 2017 and 2018 fire victims understood that a Chapter 11 filing disadvantaged their clients as unsecured creditors in bankruptcy proceedings. When a company files for bankruptcy, civil lawsuits get put on hold. This automatic “stay,” impairs the negotiating leverage of plaintiffs, who often end up settling for a fraction of what they might have gotten otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing this, fire victims held a last-ditch rally at the Capitol with legal activist \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-tubbs-fire-california-hate/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Erin Brockovich\u003c/a> to demand the state keep PG&E out of bankruptcy. But that was just one example of the complexity posed by bankruptcy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another legal surprise, any new wildfire victims could jump ahead of old victims because new claims would be have to be filed in bankruptcy court, as opposed to state court. Bankruptcy follows different proceedings, which would deem them administrative claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen said that creates tension between new and old victims. And, he added, bankruptcy proceedings could allow the new victims to be more speedily paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why a PG&E bankruptcy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Down power lines off Atlas Peak Road in Napa after the fires in the fall of 2017. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under state law, utilities face strict liability for damages from any fire traced to its equipment, even if they were not negligent. This is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680950/a-political-firestorm-is-about-to-hit-the-capitol-who-will-pay-for-wildfire-damages\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">inverse condemnation\u003c/a>. Though the legal doctrine has been around for decades, it has become problematic for utilities as the state experiences longer bouts of drought and hot weather. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Seven of the 10\u003c/a> most destructive wildfires in state history have happened in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, state regulators have seemingly made it harder to pass liability costs to customers. In 2017, the five-member California Public Utilities Commission, the state agency that oversees investor-owned utilities, blocked San Diego Gas & Electric from passing on $379 million in liability costs on the premise that the utility’s management of its facilities is unreasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/742bbf72-137e-476d-a57d-498cb6a9cbf9?src=embed\" title=\"PG&E disasters\" width=\"700\" height=\"1400\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though PG&E was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-tubbs-fire-california-hate/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">exonerated\u003c/a> in the 2017 Tubbs Fire in California’s wine country, Cal Fire has linked the company to 17 other major wildfires that year. Investigators have not yet determined whether PG&E equipment sparked the massive Camp Fire, as suspected, but that November catastrophe left \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">85 people dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has estimated its potential liability as high as $30 billion. With the utility still on federal probation for six felonies related to the San Bruno gas line explosion, it opted not to ask state regulators for permission to pass on costs to its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it filed bankruptcy, saying it was the only \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-bankruptcy-problems-wildfires-outcomes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">viable option\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does PG&E love bankruptcy so much? Because customers don’t have a voice,” said Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman for The Utility Reform Network, a consumer rights organization. She noted that when PG&E filed bankruptcy in 2001, customers were left paying back \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/what-happens-if-pge-goes-bankrupt/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">$8 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current bankruptcy, the San Francisco-based company argued that it was facing a cash flow problem and needed access to financing in order to make its grid safer. When it filed bankruptcy, it listed $51.7 billion in debts and $71.4 billion in assets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to work together with our customers, employees and other stakeholders to create a more sustainable foundation for the delivery of safe, reliable and affordable service in the years ahead,” said PG&E interim CEO John Simon in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/pge_global/common/pdfs/about-pge/company-information/reorganization/PCG-First%20Day-Press-Release.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>. “This is our goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Safety costs, human liability\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-1200x796.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A home burns during the Camp fire in Paradise on Nov. 8, 2018. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali, who is assigned to oversee the restructuring, approves a trust to be set up for the wildfire victims, it would let PG&E cap its liabilities up to the point of the January bankruptcy filing. It would be in the company’s favor to lowball the estimated claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen, the law professor, said that’s what happened in the 1980s when claims were grossly underestimated in an asbestos case related to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/08/business/the-bitter-fight-over-the-manville-trust.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Johns-Manville company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally there was some thought they’d be paid close to 100 cents on the dollar,” Rasmussen said. “As it turns out, asbestos has a long latency. You could have been injured decades ago, and you go to the trust fund, you get paid something like five cents on the dollar.” \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Going forward, PG&E is going to have to pay everyone it deals with.'\u003ccite>USC law professor Robert Rasmussen \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy, however, may not get PG&E off the hook for much-needed safety improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who has declared PG&E in violation of its probation in the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion, could order the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722386/san-francisco-judge-blasts-pge-for-lack-of-commitment-to-wildfire-safety\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">to spend $75 billion to $150 billion\u003c/a> to thoroughly inspect its electricity grid and extensive vegetation management ahead of the fire season. A PG&E attorney told the judge such an order could take eight years because there aren’t enough trained tree trimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also requiring major utilities to submit annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/sb901/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">fire prevention plans\u003c/a>, which include trimming trees, replacing wood poles with metal poles, shutting off power during red flag weather warnings and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen said any decision Judge Alsup makes will be deemed an administrative claim along with potential new wildfire victims. Administrative claims fall behind creditors with collateral but before unsecured claims such as bondholders and tort claims, including existing wildfire victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, PG&E is going to have to pay everyone it deals with,” the law professor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘What was accomplished?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727156\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Dodd, Democrat of Napa, speaks during a meeting of the Wildfire Preparedness and Response Legislative Conference Committee, Aug. 7, 2018 \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state has yet to be tested on whether a new wildfire cost recovery plan will be enough to assure Wall Street lenders that California’s utilities have a viable process for withstanding disasters. Otherwise the state’s major investor-owned utilities will continue to experience credit \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsletters/climate-change-electricity-crisis-lausd-school-strike/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">downgrades\u003c/a> that raise the price of all Californians’ electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature made it easier last year for utility companies to absorb the cost of fire damages by borrowing from the state and charging customers to pay back the bonds over many years, a procedure called securitization. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>'We were trying to make sure victims don’t get victimized again.\u003c/strong> It was how do we make sure ratepayers don’t get hammered in this whole process. The only way to do that was to keep PG&E out of junk-bond status and keep PG&E out of bankruptcy.'\u003ccite>Democratic Sen. Bill Dodd of Napa, on SB 901\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Bill Dodd, whose district includes fire-ravaged Napa, said lawmakers voted for the plan, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfire-prevention-bill-issues/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB 901\u003c/a>, not because they wanted to bail out PG&E, but to protect wildfire victims and customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were trying to make sure victims don’t get victimized again,” he said. “It was how do we make sure ratepayers don’t get hammered in this whole process. The only way to do that was to keep PG&E out of junk-bond status and keep PG&E out of bankruptcy. And the reality of the cost of doing that was far less than the cost to ratepayers and victims if they did file bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, that bankruptcy has occurred anyway—a move that Dodd calls \"the ultimate PG&E bailout\" — and state policymakers aren’t sure how much it will complicate the state’s new wildfire rules for utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s another mega-wildfire with PG&E at fault, those homeowners with insurance would be paid by their insurance companies. The utility, too, would be able to use its own insurance to offset some of the costs. PG&E would then ask state regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission for permission to pass on the remaining fraction that they need help paying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 901, the state can take into account the financial health of the company; a five-member Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery would help regulators decide whether utilities can pass costs onto consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, though, is that SB 901 wasn’t enough to keep PG&E from filing bankruptcy. Behind the scenes, suggestions for financial fixes or creating a disaster insurance similar to the state’s earthquake insurance program are being tossed around. But even if California’s utilities truly need help reducing liability, no one in Sacramento wants to be viewed as bailing out PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spatt of the consumer advocacy group TURN said political repairs won’t do unless the company truly prioritizes safety. Half of PG&E’s board of directors is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/6beed677f92f42fa86978ada61381aa8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">unlikely to return\u003c/a> after its May shareholder meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was accomplished?” she said of last year’s legislative debate. “The company still went bankrupt. No difference was made in safety operations. What a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/dd40f897-4cda-40e6-b61c-019c093b437a?src=embed\" title=\"PG&E Solutions\" width=\"700\" height=\"1400\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a two-part series. Previously: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725974/what-happens-when-the-next-big-wildfire-hits\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">From a fire-fighting air force to power shutoffs, what are the plans–and the costs–to fight the next big wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Should PG&E be liable for another major wildfire while the company is still reorganizing in bankruptcy court, it would add costs for consumers and complicate claims for victims.",
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"description": "Should PG&E be liable for another major wildfire while the company is still reorganizing in bankruptcy court, it would add costs for consumers and complicate claims for victims.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/judy-lin/\">Judy Lin\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/next-california-wildfire-pge-victims-bankruptcy-law/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722186/5-things-to-know-about-the-pge-bankruptcy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bankruptcy\u003c/a> has set off a financial race among creditors, bondholders, wildfire victims, insurers and others hoping to recover as much money as they can from California’s largest utility. The road to rehabilitation is expected to be twisty and long, lasting two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Californians confronting the new normal of climate-driven wildfire, PG&E’s woes have an additional wrinkle: the likelihood that the state’s pain will be compounded if PG&E ends up causing the next big disaster — which, given PG&E’s size and record, is a real possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read more of KQED's coverage\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">PG&E Unveils Wildfire Safety Plan Featuring Possible Large-Scale Power Cutoffs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725974/what-happens-when-the-next-big-wildfire-hits\">What Happens When the Next Big Wildfire Hits?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11720738/cal-fire-pge-not-at-fault-in-fire-that-destroyed-parts-of-santa-rosa\">Cal Fire: PG&E Power Lines Did Not Start Fire That Destroyed Parts of Santa Rosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Like all California utilities, PG&E has filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">extensive wildfire prevention plans\u003c/a>. In addition to removing trees, adding weather stations and insulating equipment, the utility serving northern and central California has vowed to expand power shut-off territory to as many as 5.4 million customers, up from 570,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, PG&E is a prime suspect in the deadliest fire in state history, the Butte County \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>. And a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-utilities-wildfires-regulators-20190128-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times report\u003c/a> citing the California Public Utilities Commission found that of more than 2,000 wildfires between June 2014 and December 2017 traced to utilities, more than 1,500 were caused by PG&E equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should PG&E be liable for another major wildfire while the company is still reorganizing in bankruptcy court, it would add costs for consumers and complicate claims for victims. PG&E’s 16 million customers, who are already expected to shoulder bankruptcy debts, would have to pay off new wildfire costs and any new safety measures ordered by a federal judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a twist, victims of the next PG&E fire would jump ahead of existing PG&E victims — and likely collect more — as a result of how claims get prioritized in bankruptcy proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were an existing tort victim, I’d say it’s terrible,” said Robert Rasmussen, a law professor specializing in bankruptcy at the Gould School of Law at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing risk and high stakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727141\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-1020x707.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS32084_GettyImages-1006877402-qut-1200x832.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redding firefighters look on as the Carr Fire moves through the area on July 28, 2018. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The PG&E story is playing out against the broader realization that climate change is about to become breathtakingly costly. Already, insurers are adjusting premiums to reflect the rising frequency and severity of disaster in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire damages from the past two years alone have been so staggering that insurance companies say it could take until the middle of the century for them to break even. Meanwhile, as insurance rates climb in wildfire country, insurers say homeowners, may be scrimping or buying no coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rex Frazier, president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California, said studies show that as insurance rates rise, consumers are more likely to consciously under-insure, often not even covering their cost of rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an affordability issue,” Frazier said. “People just buy less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>'This pressure comes at a time when the entire energy market is evolving\u003c/strong> … Regulations and insurance practices created decades ago didn’t anticipate these changes.'\u003ccite>Gov. Gavin Newsom,\u003cbr>2019 State of the State\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the environmental risk grows. State and federal forestry officials announced this week that 147 million trees have died in California since 2010. The trees are the direct victims of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/what-is-killing-californias-trees/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">drought and disease\u003c/a> and become fuel for the next wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At ground zero of that ongoing risk are California’s utilities, who fight increasingly long odds as they struggle to keep equipment from sparking towering infernos while keeping the lights on. For them, too, the market has spoken. Credit rating agencies have downgraded not just PG&E but also Southern California Edison and the parent company of San Diego Gas & Electric amid concerns about exposure to fire claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has offered state lawmakers few easy political solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This pressure comes at a time when the entire energy market is evolving,” Gov. Gavin Newsom noted in his \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsom-state-of-the-state-annotated/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">State of the State address\u003c/a>. “From roof-top solar and wind generation to smart grid technologies, from community choice aggregators to direct access service, otherwise known as power purchasing agreements, more and more of our electricity now is procured outside of investor-owned utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulations and insurance practices created decades ago didn’t anticipate these changes. So we must map out longer-term strategies, not just for the utilities’ future, but for California’s energy future, to ensure that the cost of climate change doesn’t fall on those least able to afford it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has assembled a strike team of climate experts and bankruptcy lawyers to deal with the PG&E fallout, and said they’ll be working for the next two months on a comprehensive strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Victims vs. victims\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1129061916-e1550521953504.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1129061916-e1550521953504.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727143\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial of wooden crosses line the road in Paradise three months after the Camp Fire in honor of those who lost their lives. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even before the bankruptcy, legal experts and lawmakers warned that those who lost loved ones and homes in the recent wildfires might end up being shortchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing 2017 and 2018 fire victims understood that a Chapter 11 filing disadvantaged their clients as unsecured creditors in bankruptcy proceedings. When a company files for bankruptcy, civil lawsuits get put on hold. This automatic “stay,” impairs the negotiating leverage of plaintiffs, who often end up settling for a fraction of what they might have gotten otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing this, fire victims held a last-ditch rally at the Capitol with legal activist \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-tubbs-fire-california-hate/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Erin Brockovich\u003c/a> to demand the state keep PG&E out of bankruptcy. But that was just one example of the complexity posed by bankruptcy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another legal surprise, any new wildfire victims could jump ahead of old victims because new claims would be have to be filed in bankruptcy court, as opposed to state court. Bankruptcy follows different proceedings, which would deem them administrative claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen said that creates tension between new and old victims. And, he added, bankruptcy proceedings could allow the new victims to be more speedily paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why a PG&E bankruptcy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS27297_downed_power_and_burned-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Down power lines off Atlas Peak Road in Napa after the fires in the fall of 2017. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under state law, utilities face strict liability for damages from any fire traced to its equipment, even if they were not negligent. This is known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680950/a-political-firestorm-is-about-to-hit-the-capitol-who-will-pay-for-wildfire-damages\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">inverse condemnation\u003c/a>. Though the legal doctrine has been around for decades, it has become problematic for utilities as the state experiences longer bouts of drought and hot weather. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Seven of the 10\u003c/a> most destructive wildfires in state history have happened in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, state regulators have seemingly made it harder to pass liability costs to customers. In 2017, the five-member California Public Utilities Commission, the state agency that oversees investor-owned utilities, blocked San Diego Gas & Electric from passing on $379 million in liability costs on the premise that the utility’s management of its facilities is unreasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/742bbf72-137e-476d-a57d-498cb6a9cbf9?src=embed\" title=\"PG&E disasters\" width=\"700\" height=\"1400\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though PG&E was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-tubbs-fire-california-hate/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">exonerated\u003c/a> in the 2017 Tubbs Fire in California’s wine country, Cal Fire has linked the company to 17 other major wildfires that year. Investigators have not yet determined whether PG&E equipment sparked the massive Camp Fire, as suspected, but that November catastrophe left \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">85 people dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has estimated its potential liability as high as $30 billion. With the utility still on federal probation for six felonies related to the San Bruno gas line explosion, it opted not to ask state regulators for permission to pass on costs to its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it filed bankruptcy, saying it was the only \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/pge-bankruptcy-problems-wildfires-outcomes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">viable option\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does PG&E love bankruptcy so much? Because customers don’t have a voice,” said Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman for The Utility Reform Network, a consumer rights organization. She noted that when PG&E filed bankruptcy in 2001, customers were left paying back \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/what-happens-if-pge-goes-bankrupt/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">$8 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current bankruptcy, the San Francisco-based company argued that it was facing a cash flow problem and needed access to financing in order to make its grid safer. When it filed bankruptcy, it listed $51.7 billion in debts and $71.4 billion in assets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to work together with our customers, employees and other stakeholders to create a more sustainable foundation for the delivery of safe, reliable and affordable service in the years ahead,” said PG&E interim CEO John Simon in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/pge_global/common/pdfs/about-pge/company-information/reorganization/PCG-First%20Day-Press-Release.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>. “This is our goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Safety costs, human liability\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727154\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33764_GettyImages-1059345696-qut-1200x796.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A home burns during the Camp fire in Paradise on Nov. 8, 2018. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali, who is assigned to oversee the restructuring, approves a trust to be set up for the wildfire victims, it would let PG&E cap its liabilities up to the point of the January bankruptcy filing. It would be in the company’s favor to lowball the estimated claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen, the law professor, said that’s what happened in the 1980s when claims were grossly underestimated in an asbestos case related to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/08/business/the-bitter-fight-over-the-manville-trust.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Johns-Manville company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally there was some thought they’d be paid close to 100 cents on the dollar,” Rasmussen said. “As it turns out, asbestos has a long latency. You could have been injured decades ago, and you go to the trust fund, you get paid something like five cents on the dollar.” \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Going forward, PG&E is going to have to pay everyone it deals with.'\u003ccite>USC law professor Robert Rasmussen \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy, however, may not get PG&E off the hook for much-needed safety improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who has declared PG&E in violation of its probation in the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion, could order the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722386/san-francisco-judge-blasts-pge-for-lack-of-commitment-to-wildfire-safety\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">to spend $75 billion to $150 billion\u003c/a> to thoroughly inspect its electricity grid and extensive vegetation management ahead of the fire season. A PG&E attorney told the judge such an order could take eight years because there aren’t enough trained tree trimmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also requiring major utilities to submit annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/sb901/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">fire prevention plans\u003c/a>, which include trimming trees, replacing wood poles with metal poles, shutting off power during red flag weather warnings and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasmussen said any decision Judge Alsup makes will be deemed an administrative claim along with potential new wildfire victims. Administrative claims fall behind creditors with collateral but before unsecured claims such as bondholders and tort claims, including existing wildfire victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, PG&E is going to have to pay everyone it deals with,” the law professor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘What was accomplished?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11727156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11727156\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Wildfire-committee_Robbie-Short_003-600x400-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Dodd, Democrat of Napa, speaks during a meeting of the Wildfire Preparedness and Response Legislative Conference Committee, Aug. 7, 2018 \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state has yet to be tested on whether a new wildfire cost recovery plan will be enough to assure Wall Street lenders that California’s utilities have a viable process for withstanding disasters. Otherwise the state’s major investor-owned utilities will continue to experience credit \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsletters/climate-change-electricity-crisis-lausd-school-strike/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">downgrades\u003c/a> that raise the price of all Californians’ electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature made it easier last year for utility companies to absorb the cost of fire damages by borrowing from the state and charging customers to pay back the bonds over many years, a procedure called securitization. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>'We were trying to make sure victims don’t get victimized again.\u003c/strong> It was how do we make sure ratepayers don’t get hammered in this whole process. The only way to do that was to keep PG&E out of junk-bond status and keep PG&E out of bankruptcy.'\u003ccite>Democratic Sen. Bill Dodd of Napa, on SB 901\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Bill Dodd, whose district includes fire-ravaged Napa, said lawmakers voted for the plan, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfire-prevention-bill-issues/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB 901\u003c/a>, not because they wanted to bail out PG&E, but to protect wildfire victims and customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were trying to make sure victims don’t get victimized again,” he said. “It was how do we make sure ratepayers don’t get hammered in this whole process. The only way to do that was to keep PG&E out of junk-bond status and keep PG&E out of bankruptcy. And the reality of the cost of doing that was far less than the cost to ratepayers and victims if they did file bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, that bankruptcy has occurred anyway—a move that Dodd calls \"the ultimate PG&E bailout\" — and state policymakers aren’t sure how much it will complicate the state’s new wildfire rules for utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s another mega-wildfire with PG&E at fault, those homeowners with insurance would be paid by their insurance companies. The utility, too, would be able to use its own insurance to offset some of the costs. PG&E would then ask state regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission for permission to pass on the remaining fraction that they need help paying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 901, the state can take into account the financial health of the company; a five-member Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery would help regulators decide whether utilities can pass costs onto consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, though, is that SB 901 wasn’t enough to keep PG&E from filing bankruptcy. Behind the scenes, suggestions for financial fixes or creating a disaster insurance similar to the state’s earthquake insurance program are being tossed around. But even if California’s utilities truly need help reducing liability, no one in Sacramento wants to be viewed as bailing out PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spatt of the consumer advocacy group TURN said political repairs won’t do unless the company truly prioritizes safety. Half of PG&E’s board of directors is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/6beed677f92f42fa86978ada61381aa8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">unlikely to return\u003c/a> after its May shareholder meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was accomplished?” she said of last year’s legislative debate. “The company still went bankrupt. No difference was made in safety operations. What a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/dd40f897-4cda-40e6-b61c-019c093b437a?src=embed\" title=\"PG&E Solutions\" width=\"700\" height=\"1400\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a two-part series. Previously: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725974/what-happens-when-the-next-big-wildfire-hits\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">From a fire-fighting air force to power shutoffs, what are the plans–and the costs–to fight the next big wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "One Gene Makes Me Painfully Sensitive to Rejection. Now What?",
"title": "One Gene Makes Me Painfully Sensitive to Rejection. Now What?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Originally published on Sept 27, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, I ordered a home genetic testing kit. I didn’t do it because I wanted to know about my ancestry. I did it because I’d heard about a genetic variation that can make people more sensitive to rejection — and I was convinced I had it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have always been a bit overly sensitive. I remember a particularly devastating moment in fourth grade. Ms. Brown had asked a question I knew the answer to. I raised my hand, stretching my whole body up so she would notice. She made eye contact with me, commented that I had already gotten to answer a question that day, and then called on a student behind me.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">I have long struggled with bouts of depression; my relationships are typically a roller coaster of anxieties. If I were a G-carrier, it could explain so much of what I was experiencing.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I could feel my face flush with embarrassment. A knot started to form in my throat as, almost in a whisper, I asked to be excused, the tears welling up in my eyes. Once I was safe behind the bathroom door, I used my shirt to muffle the sounds of my crying. Simply because the teacher hadn’t called on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later in middle school, my friend Jennifer slipped a note into my locker saying that she wanted to play with another kid at recess, not me. That night — and for many nights after — I lay curled up in my bed for hours, the note on my nightstand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I got older, it got worse. The emotional pain I experienced in social situations changed how I felt about myself and how I behaved with other people. As an adult, if a friend didn’t respond to a text, I would pull away and avoid them. When someone I barely knew ghosted me, I convinced myself that I wasn’t desirable to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends told me I was overreacting. Sure, everyone feels a little hurt by these things, but to become so debilitated each time was a bit over the top, they told me. Finally, in my late 20s, I started to wonder if maybe there was something wrong with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Oversensitivity Biological?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/35/15079\">a ground-breaking study\u003c/a> investigated the link between emotional sensitivity and our genetics. Scientists already knew that a particular gene, the OPRM1 gene, could influence our sensitivity to physical pain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719451\">Previous studies\u003c/a> had shown that people with a G allele on this gene required higher doses of morphine to curb pain, suggesting they experience pain more intensely than others. Because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/175807/can-taking-tylenol-help-you-get-over-a-romantic-breakup-maybe\">physical pain and emotional pain are processed in similar regions of the brain\u003c/a>, researchers wondered if G-allele carriers might also experience more intense \u003cem>emotional \u003c/em>pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the question, neuroscientists at the University of California Los Angeles recruited 122 people, 49 of whom were G-carriers, the rest of whom were not. Participants came into the lab and played a computer game intended to evoke feelings of rejection. In the game, each participant would toss a ball back and forth to two other virtual players on a screen. The two players would, at some point, exclude the participant. Meanwhile, the participant lay in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanner that measured blood flow to the pain regions of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-443244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1020x381.jpg\" alt=\"Brain scan showing yellow dots\" width=\"640\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1020x381.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-160x60.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-800x299.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-768x287.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1200x448.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1920x717.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1180x441.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-960x359.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-240x90.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-375x140.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-520x194.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">fMRI scan of brain showing activation of pain regions (including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). The image comes from a study in which participants played “Cyberball” while lying in the fMRI scanner—a game designed to induce feelings of rejection. \u003ccite>(Baldwin Way)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What the researchers found was that there was an exaggerated response [in G carriers],” says Jon-Kar Zubieta, a psychiatric researcher at the University of Utah. “Individuals who were G-allele carriers had greater responses to the negative emotional challenge, which was associated with greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex,” a pain region of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had called up Zubieta to get his take on the research for this story — but my questions were also personally motivated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“G-carriers seem to have less capacity to compensate for negative emotion,” he told me. And it doesn’t matter whether that negative emotion is in response to physical pain or the social pain of rejection, like what study participants experienced during the ball-tossing game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zubieta also told me that G-carriers — who make up 15 to 20 percent of the general population — not only feel more hurt in everyday social interactions, “these individuals \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330509/\">have traits\u003c/a> that make them more prone to developing conditions such as depression and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-443245 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta.jpg\" alt=\"A man speaks in front of a white board.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon-Kar Zubieta, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the University of Utah Neuropsychiatric Institute. \u003ccite>(University of Utah Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listening to Zubieta recount such findings, I found myself nodding my head. All of it resonated with me. I have long struggled with bouts of depression; my relationships are typically a roller coaster of anxieties. If I were a G-carrier, it could explain so much of what I was experiencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do G-Carriers Feel More Pain?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the genetic kit finally arrived at my house, I opened it and pulled out the clear test tube. I collected my saliva, sealed it back up, and shipped it off to the lab to be tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the weeks I spent waiting for my results, I looked up more research on how the OPRM1 gene could lead to a heightened sense of pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']As it turns out, the gene controls the number of opioid receptors in the brain. In a typical brain, when a person is experiencing pain, neurons fire in regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex. In response, the body releases endorphins — our natural pain killers. The endorphins rush into the brain and attach to neuron receptors, inhibiting those cells from firing, effectively stopping the pain signal. This process is actually what happens during the “runner’s high,” and the same process occurs for most people when they experience the pain of rejection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if a person doesn’t have enough opioid receptors or doesn’t release a sufficient amount of endorphins, they could experience more suffering than others. Zubieta says this is likely what happens to G-carriers; they appear to have fewer receptors in critical areas of the brain and, he adds, “they may have less capacity to release natural opioids in general.” This means, Zubieta says, that G-carriers “have less capacity to suppress responses to pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So … Am I A G-Carrier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks after shipping off my saliva, I was at home when an email popped up in my inbox; my results had come in. My stomach dropped and I sat staring at the unopened email for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would it mean if I were a G-carrier? It would feel validating, of course. For so long I had felt like I was emotionally weak. If I were a G-carrier then it would mean there was a biological explanation for my feelings. It would mean that I hadn’t been overreacting all these years; rather, I had been reacting proportionally to the pain I was feeling — pain that 80 to 85 percent of the population simply doesn’t feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if I weren’t a G-carrier, I wasn’t sure where that would leave me. I could feel my heart beating faster. My hands shook slightly as I struggled to steady my breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I opened the email and scrolled through lines of the genetic code until I found the OPRM1 gene on chromosome 6. Typed in small font was a “G.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442608\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Cantrell stretches prior to running at Dolores Park in San Francisco, Calif., on Monday, June 11, 2018. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So am I stuck with unbearable pain forever? A prisoner to my genetics? On the phone with Zubieta, I ask him if a G-carrier like me could do anything about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember that the opioid system becomes active when there are things like exercise or stressors,” so when you do physically demanding sports or activities that in some way cause pain “you are training the system.” In other words, Zubieta says, you can modify your brain’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advice makes sense. Exercise not only releases endorphins that decrease pain in the moment, regularly challenging your body with physical activity can strengthen the overall functioning of the opioid system, potentially prompting your brain to create new receptors and urging your body to increase the amount of endorphins released each time you experience a stressor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this could make the system more optimal, more prepared to kick into full gear when it encounters pain, be it physical or emotional. Interestingly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/003193849190418N\">chocolate\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/09/12/rspb.2011.1373.short\">laughter\u003c/a> may also help — they bump up endorphin release, which could alleviate pain in the moment as well as have longer term effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zubieta continued with his suggestions. “So you could do yoga… or run marathons.” Something physically demanding, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure about a marathon,” I laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the idea stuck with me as I hung up the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do envision a life for myself someday in which I have slightly thicker skin — a life in which I don’t cry because a friend forgets to return my text. So, after a few days of mulling it over, I decide to take Zubieta’s advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past two months I have been on a strict running schedule, gradually increasing my miles, preparing for a half marathon I’m signed up to run next month. Is the physical training helping me tame my emotions? It’s hard to say. I have definitely experienced moments of rejection over the last few weeks that I feel have been easier to deal with. But it’s hard to know if the marathon training is the cause of my increased ability to cope, or if it’s just the power of having a label. Maybe just knowing I’m a G-carrier — knowing that my pain might be more intense than others — is what I have needed all along. My own self-awareness might just be the first real step in changing how I react to the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Originally published on Sept 27, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months ago, I ordered a home genetic testing kit. I didn’t do it because I wanted to know about my ancestry. I did it because I’d heard about a genetic variation that can make people more sensitive to rejection — and I was convinced I had it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have always been a bit overly sensitive. I remember a particularly devastating moment in fourth grade. Ms. Brown had asked a question I knew the answer to. I raised my hand, stretching my whole body up so she would notice. She made eye contact with me, commented that I had already gotten to answer a question that day, and then called on a student behind me.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">I have long struggled with bouts of depression; my relationships are typically a roller coaster of anxieties. If I were a G-carrier, it could explain so much of what I was experiencing.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I could feel my face flush with embarrassment. A knot started to form in my throat as, almost in a whisper, I asked to be excused, the tears welling up in my eyes. Once I was safe behind the bathroom door, I used my shirt to muffle the sounds of my crying. Simply because the teacher hadn’t called on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later in middle school, my friend Jennifer slipped a note into my locker saying that she wanted to play with another kid at recess, not me. That night — and for many nights after — I lay curled up in my bed for hours, the note on my nightstand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I got older, it got worse. The emotional pain I experienced in social situations changed how I felt about myself and how I behaved with other people. As an adult, if a friend didn’t respond to a text, I would pull away and avoid them. When someone I barely knew ghosted me, I convinced myself that I wasn’t desirable to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends told me I was overreacting. Sure, everyone feels a little hurt by these things, but to become so debilitated each time was a bit over the top, they told me. Finally, in my late 20s, I started to wonder if maybe there was something wrong with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Oversensitivity Biological?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/35/15079\">a ground-breaking study\u003c/a> investigated the link between emotional sensitivity and our genetics. Scientists already knew that a particular gene, the OPRM1 gene, could influence our sensitivity to physical pain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719451\">Previous studies\u003c/a> had shown that people with a G allele on this gene required higher doses of morphine to curb pain, suggesting they experience pain more intensely than others. Because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/175807/can-taking-tylenol-help-you-get-over-a-romantic-breakup-maybe\">physical pain and emotional pain are processed in similar regions of the brain\u003c/a>, researchers wondered if G-allele carriers might also experience more intense \u003cem>emotional \u003c/em>pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the question, neuroscientists at the University of California Los Angeles recruited 122 people, 49 of whom were G-carriers, the rest of whom were not. Participants came into the lab and played a computer game intended to evoke feelings of rejection. In the game, each participant would toss a ball back and forth to two other virtual players on a screen. The two players would, at some point, exclude the participant. Meanwhile, the participant lay in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanner that measured blood flow to the pain regions of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-443244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1020x381.jpg\" alt=\"Brain scan showing yellow dots\" width=\"640\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1020x381.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-160x60.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-800x299.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-768x287.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1200x448.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1920x717.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-1180x441.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-960x359.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-240x90.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-375x140.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/4_dACC-and-aI-labelled-520x194.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">fMRI scan of brain showing activation of pain regions (including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). The image comes from a study in which participants played “Cyberball” while lying in the fMRI scanner—a game designed to induce feelings of rejection. \u003ccite>(Baldwin Way)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What the researchers found was that there was an exaggerated response [in G carriers],” says Jon-Kar Zubieta, a psychiatric researcher at the University of Utah. “Individuals who were G-allele carriers had greater responses to the negative emotional challenge, which was associated with greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex,” a pain region of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had called up Zubieta to get his take on the research for this story — but my questions were also personally motivated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“G-carriers seem to have less capacity to compensate for negative emotion,” he told me. And it doesn’t matter whether that negative emotion is in response to physical pain or the social pain of rejection, like what study participants experienced during the ball-tossing game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zubieta also told me that G-carriers — who make up 15 to 20 percent of the general population — not only feel more hurt in everyday social interactions, “these individuals \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330509/\">have traits\u003c/a> that make them more prone to developing conditions such as depression and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_443245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-443245 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta.jpg\" alt=\"A man speaks in front of a white board.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/07/Zubieta-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon-Kar Zubieta, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the University of Utah Neuropsychiatric Institute. \u003ccite>(University of Utah Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listening to Zubieta recount such findings, I found myself nodding my head. All of it resonated with me. I have long struggled with bouts of depression; my relationships are typically a roller coaster of anxieties. If I were a G-carrier, it could explain so much of what I was experiencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do G-Carriers Feel More Pain?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the genetic kit finally arrived at my house, I opened it and pulled out the clear test tube. I collected my saliva, sealed it back up, and shipped it off to the lab to be tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the weeks I spent waiting for my results, I looked up more research on how the OPRM1 gene could lead to a heightened sense of pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As it turns out, the gene controls the number of opioid receptors in the brain. In a typical brain, when a person is experiencing pain, neurons fire in regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex. In response, the body releases endorphins — our natural pain killers. The endorphins rush into the brain and attach to neuron receptors, inhibiting those cells from firing, effectively stopping the pain signal. This process is actually what happens during the “runner’s high,” and the same process occurs for most people when they experience the pain of rejection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if a person doesn’t have enough opioid receptors or doesn’t release a sufficient amount of endorphins, they could experience more suffering than others. Zubieta says this is likely what happens to G-carriers; they appear to have fewer receptors in critical areas of the brain and, he adds, “they may have less capacity to release natural opioids in general.” This means, Zubieta says, that G-carriers “have less capacity to suppress responses to pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So … Am I A G-Carrier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several weeks after shipping off my saliva, I was at home when an email popped up in my inbox; my results had come in. My stomach dropped and I sat staring at the unopened email for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would it mean if I were a G-carrier? It would feel validating, of course. For so long I had felt like I was emotionally weak. If I were a G-carrier then it would mean there was a biological explanation for my feelings. It would mean that I hadn’t been overreacting all these years; rather, I had been reacting proportionally to the pain I was feeling — pain that 80 to 85 percent of the population simply doesn’t feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if I weren’t a G-carrier, I wasn’t sure where that would leave me. I could feel my heart beating faster. My hands shook slightly as I struggled to steady my breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I opened the email and scrolled through lines of the genetic code until I found the OPRM1 gene on chromosome 6. Typed in small font was a “G.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442608\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/RS31383_CANTRELL_003-sfi-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Cantrell stretches prior to running at Dolores Park in San Francisco, Calif., on Monday, June 11, 2018. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So am I stuck with unbearable pain forever? A prisoner to my genetics? On the phone with Zubieta, I ask him if a G-carrier like me could do anything about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember that the opioid system becomes active when there are things like exercise or stressors,” so when you do physically demanding sports or activities that in some way cause pain “you are training the system.” In other words, Zubieta says, you can modify your brain’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advice makes sense. Exercise not only releases endorphins that decrease pain in the moment, regularly challenging your body with physical activity can strengthen the overall functioning of the opioid system, potentially prompting your brain to create new receptors and urging your body to increase the amount of endorphins released each time you experience a stressor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this could make the system more optimal, more prepared to kick into full gear when it encounters pain, be it physical or emotional. Interestingly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/003193849190418N\">chocolate\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/09/12/rspb.2011.1373.short\">laughter\u003c/a> may also help — they bump up endorphin release, which could alleviate pain in the moment as well as have longer term effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zubieta continued with his suggestions. “So you could do yoga… or run marathons.” Something physically demanding, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure about a marathon,” I laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the idea stuck with me as I hung up the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do envision a life for myself someday in which I have slightly thicker skin — a life in which I don’t cry because a friend forgets to return my text. So, after a few days of mulling it over, I decide to take Zubieta’s advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past two months I have been on a strict running schedule, gradually increasing my miles, preparing for a half marathon I’m signed up to run next month. Is the physical training helping me tame my emotions? It’s hard to say. I have definitely experienced moments of rejection over the last few weeks that I feel have been easier to deal with. But it’s hard to know if the marathon training is the cause of my increased ability to cope, or if it’s just the power of having a label. Maybe just knowing I’m a G-carrier — knowing that my pain might be more intense than others — is what I have needed all along. My own self-awareness might just be the first real step in changing how I react to the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Happens When the Next Big Wildfire Hits?",
"title": "What Happens When the Next Big Wildfire Hits?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Don’t be fooled by the precipitation, the snowpack, the wildflowers. When winter ends, it’s unlikely that California’s iconic landscape will sustain the moisture to withstand the 100-degree summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has yet to recover from the 5-year drought that began in 2012. For four years, record wildfires have ravaged the state, including the Tubbs Fire in Napa and Sonoma in 2017 and the Camp Fire last year that wiped out the town of Paradise in Butte County. The 2019 wildfire season officially kicks off in mid-May, but California’s wildfire season is essentially year-round now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\">Read More of KQED's wildfire coverage\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/RS28367_GettyImages-887599032-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So what happens when the next big wildfire hits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State fire officials are already amassing new aircraft that drop thousands of gallons of bright red flame retardant. Emergency responders are pre-positioning fire crews in high-threat areas even before a fire starts. State officials will no longer second guess the use of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647045/pointing-to-north-bay-fires-fcc-votes-for-improved-wireless-alerts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wireless emergency alerts\u003c/a> that grab people’s attention by making smartphones vibrate and squawk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas & Electric—now plan to shut off power, even where fire risk is minimal, during red flag weather warnings. It’s considered a public-safety measure of last resort because a power outage can cut off internet access and make communication difficult for hospitals, firefighters and emergency personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/c7ea085d-5b35-4321-aad1-87c20354d9de?src=embed\" title=\"Top 10 Destructive Wildfires\" width=\"940\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities also plan to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-power-companies-fireproofing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fireproof\u003c/a> California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723564/cyber-sabotage-wildfires-weather-a-web-of-threats-to-the-power-supply-could-leave-californians-in-the-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electricity grid\u003c/a>, a result of their equipment being implicated in so many recent disasters. That includes clearing brush and trees away from transmission lines, replacing wooden poles with metal ones, and using drones and weather monitoring stations to gauge danger via wind and smoke patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even these expensive precautions may not ward off the next towering inferno, say fire officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we are better prepared,” said Kelly Huston, deputy director of the state Office of Emergency Services. “The real question is whether or not that’s enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A sense of urgency’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire damage is seen from the air in the Coffey ParkFire damage is seen from the air in the Coffey Park after the 2017 Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(ELIJAH NOUVELAGE/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that California has been caught off-guard by the new climate-driven fire seasons, amplified by longer hot summers and extended droughts. Seven of the 10 most destructive wildfires in state history have happened in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires are behaving so much differently than they have before,” Huston said, noting the new wildfires are “virtually impossible to fight” as they leap mountains and gallop for miles, creating their own weather systems. “You couldn’t have predicted this based on past fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Picker told state lawmakers on Jan. 30 that climate change-driven wildfire is happening much faster than anyone predicted. But for the state regulatory agency to enforce safety at the state’s eight investor-owned utilities, Picker said, he would need \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsletters/pge-bankruptcy-probation-climate-wildfires-trump-judges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15,000 to 20,000\u003c/a> new staff to police every electricity pole and wire. The agency has, roughly, a 1,300-member staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">PG&E Unveils Wildfire Safety Plan Featuring Possible Large-Scale Power Cutoffs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/39937492173_41bdc37b85_o-1020x738.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The CPUC regulates not only privately owned utilities from telecom to water, but also rail crossing safety, limos and ride sharing. Historically, Picker’s role has been more like that of an administrative judge than a police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to get the Legislature to allow me to be a total dictator, make decisions overnight, I’m happy,” Picker elaborated to reporters afterward. “That’s not what our job is. We are like a technical court. People have to have their day in court. It’s not a fast process. Have you been in a court proceeding that took one day?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his answer on the challenges of enforcement frustrated lawmakers, on whom political pressure has mounted with every disaster. The CPUC is not known for swiftness. It took nine years to issue a statewide \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/FireThreatMaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fire-threat map\u003c/a> after Southern California fires, caused by Santa Ana winds whipping power lines, prompted commissioners in 2009 to demand one. It has laid out a two-month \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/sb901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">schedule\u003c/a> just for reviewing fire prevention plans utilities must submit under recent and hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfire-prevention-bill-issues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire safety legislation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Picker’s testimony, Democratic Assemblyman Jim Wood, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfires-legislator-forensic-dentist/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a forensic dentist\u003c/a> who represents fire-ravaged Santa Rosa, took to Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JimWoodAD2/status/1090746940461989888\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Amassing ‘more tools’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 915px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726358\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"915\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg 915w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768-160x134.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768-800x671.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malibu residents flee the Woolsey Fire in November 2018. \u003ccite>(via Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the fire challenge involves painful long-term decisions such as how to reconcile the acute demand for California housing with the suddenly limited supply of land that isn’t in a high-risk fire zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term, Democratic state Sen. Bill Dodd of Napa is among those who hope incremental improvements might make a difference. He is proposing the commission work with Cal Fire and the Office of Emergency Services to improve coordination for turning off power in red-flag weather, alerting residents to evacuate and better targeting crews to fight fires. His bill, SB 209, would establish an official, statewide California \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/dodd-proposes-california-wildfire-warning-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire warning center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Everybody I talk to in our neighborhood pretty much either had family call or a neighbor knock on the door. I don’t know of anyone that got an emergency alert.'\u003ccite>Patrick McCallum\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It would give us more tools in trying to make sure this doesn’t happen again,\" Dodd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency officials also are studying past fires, and preparing. Survivors of the Tubbs Fire in Napa and Sonoma counties complained they had little or no warning when the flames flared up at night under dry windy conditions. Local officials opted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625884/outdoor-emergency-sirens-werent-used-in-north-bay-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">against sending out a mass alert\u003c/a> for fear of causing panic or hindering emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody I talk to in our neighborhood pretty much either had family call or a neighbor knock on the door. I don’t know of anyone that got an emergency alert,\" said Patrick McCallum, a higher education lobbyist who barely \u003ca href=\"https://www.holdpgeaccountable.com/our-stories.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">escaped\u003c/a> his Santa Rosa home with his wife, Sonoma State University President Judy Sakaki. \"Worse, there were police and fire engines running around but they were not allowed to put their alarms on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In coming weeks, the state is expected to issue clearer guidance to all 58 counties for issuing alerts and warnings to the public across multiple platforms. The new thinking is to over-communicate, rather than rely on the alerts of the 1980s sent over television and radio or ringing landlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is something people depend on to make decisions in a crisis,” OES’ Huston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also believes pushing out wireless emergency alerts on smartphones similar to an Amber Alert can now be done effectively without creating chaos. This simple weather \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/us/cellphone-alerts-california-fires.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warning\u003c/a> was sent out to seven counties encompassing 22 million people in Southern California in December 2017 as a precaution after authorities saw dry windy conditions similar to the wine country fire two months earlier:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Strong winds overnight creating extreme fire danger. Stay Alert. Listen to authorities.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fire season, Californians may see it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A firefighting Air Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726365\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667-800x534.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire tanker drops flame retardant. The agency is amassing one of the world’s largest firefighting fleets. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Cal Fire is beefing up its capabilities. And rather than waiting to respond to a wildfire, emergency personnel have shifted to pre-positioning strike teams before a fire even starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726354/after-years-of-busting-its-firefighting-budget-should-california-get-disaster-insurance\">After Years of Busting its Firefighting Budget, Should California Get Disaster Insurance?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726354/after-years-of-busting-its-firefighting-budget-should-california-get-disaster-insurance\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AirTanker.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The switch comes at a price; Cal Fire’s expenses now already \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfires-statistics-tracker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">routinely exceed its budget\u003c/a>. Last year’s fire spending set a new record, and the political climate has made the outlays difficult to question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s expensive because you’re paying the same amount of money for firefighters whether they’re fighting a fire or sitting waiting for a fire to start,” Huston said. “But you have to weigh that against the potential for loss and the expense of a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state already boasts a formidable firefighting air force, featuring S-2T air tankers that dump 1,200 gallons of flame retardant and Huey helicopters for lifting fire crews in and out of steep terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, the Hueys will start to be replaced by more modern Black Hawks, the Army’s frontline utility helicopter. The first one is expected to be ready in May, said Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And over the next two years, Cal Fire will add seven C-130 Hercules cargo planes. Those will be retrofitted to carry between 3,000 and 4,000 gallons of flame retardant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will have one of, if not the largest, firefighting air forces in the world,” McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about the utilities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1405\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-1020x746.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-1200x878.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E worker cuts damaged power lines after the Camp Fire in Paradise. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At ground zero in much of the state are California’s investor-owned utilities and their spark-prone equipment. PG&E has vowed to expand power shut-off territory to as many as \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M263/K673/263673423.PDF#page=17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5.4 million customers\u003c/a>, up from 570,000 today. SCE is focused on better weather monitoring, adding 62 high-definition cameras and 350 micro weather stations as part of a broader \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.edison.com/releases/southern-california-edison-files-2019-wildfire-mitigation-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$582 million\u003c/a> safety plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And SDG&E, which has been most aggressive with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdgenews.com/article/sdges-2019-wildfire-mitigation-plan-builds-past-successes-further-strengthen-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1 billion\u003c/a> in safety upgrades, will continue to replace wood poles with steel poles, hire a helitanker on standby year-round, and contract with firefighters especially trained to put out electrical fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there’s no statewide standard for deciding when the power should be shut off. Instead, participating utilities base decisions on temperature, wind, humidity and other factors. SDG&E has been lauded for its \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/deenergization/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proactive use of public safety power shutoffs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s rollout has been less reassuring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days before the most destructive wildfire in California history ignited, 62,000 PG&E customers in eight counties, including Butte, were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUCWebsite/Content/News_Room/NewsUpdates/2018/11-27-18%20PGE%20PSPS%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned\u003c/a> that their power could be turned off as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“This is an important safety alert from Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Extreme weather conditions and high fire-danger are forecasted in Butte County. These conditions may cause power outages in the area of your address. To protect public safety, PG&E may also temporarily turn off power in your neighborhood or community. If there is an outage, we will work to restore service as soon as it is safe to do so.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—6:30 p.m. Nov. 6, 2018\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire reports the Camp Fire ignited around 6:30 a.m. on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E never shut off power. In fact, the utility went on to issue cancellation notifications hours after the deadly blaze started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“This is an important safety update from Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Weather conditions have improved in your area, and we are not planning to turn off electricity for safety in the area of your address.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—2 p.m. Nov. 8, 2018\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wouldn’t comment on its decision. The California Public Utilities Commision would say only that it is investigating when asked if the state was looking at why the utility didn’t initiate a blackout.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThis is the first in a two-part series from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>. Next: With PG&E in bankruptcy proceedings, utilities on the defensive and insurance costs rising, what the next victims of a utility-sparked wildfire can expect.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'I think we are better prepared,' said Kelly Huston, deputy director of the state Office of Emergency Services. 'The real question is whether or not that’s enough.'",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/judy-lin/\">Judy Lin\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/what-happens-next-wildfire-california/\">CALmatters\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Don’t be fooled by the precipitation, the snowpack, the wildflowers. When winter ends, it’s unlikely that California’s iconic landscape will sustain the moisture to withstand the 100-degree summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has yet to recover from the 5-year drought that began in 2012. For four years, record wildfires have ravaged the state, including the Tubbs Fire in Napa and Sonoma in 2017 and the Camp Fire last year that wiped out the town of Paradise in Butte County. The 2019 wildfire season officially kicks off in mid-May, but California’s wildfire season is essentially year-round now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\">Read More of KQED's wildfire coverage\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/RS28367_GettyImages-887599032-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So what happens when the next big wildfire hits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State fire officials are already amassing new aircraft that drop thousands of gallons of bright red flame retardant. Emergency responders are pre-positioning fire crews in high-threat areas even before a fire starts. State officials will no longer second guess the use of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647045/pointing-to-north-bay-fires-fcc-votes-for-improved-wireless-alerts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wireless emergency alerts\u003c/a> that grab people’s attention by making smartphones vibrate and squawk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas & Electric—now plan to shut off power, even where fire risk is minimal, during red flag weather warnings. It’s considered a public-safety measure of last resort because a power outage can cut off internet access and make communication difficult for hospitals, firefighters and emergency personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/c7ea085d-5b35-4321-aad1-87c20354d9de?src=embed\" title=\"Top 10 Destructive Wildfires\" width=\"940\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities also plan to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-power-companies-fireproofing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fireproof\u003c/a> California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723564/cyber-sabotage-wildfires-weather-a-web-of-threats-to-the-power-supply-could-leave-californians-in-the-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electricity grid\u003c/a>, a result of their equipment being implicated in so many recent disasters. That includes clearing brush and trees away from transmission lines, replacing wooden poles with metal ones, and using drones and weather monitoring stations to gauge danger via wind and smoke patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even these expensive precautions may not ward off the next towering inferno, say fire officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we are better prepared,” said Kelly Huston, deputy director of the state Office of Emergency Services. “The real question is whether or not that’s enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A sense of urgency’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS29025_GettyImages-860323902-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire damage is seen from the air in the Coffey ParkFire damage is seen from the air in the Coffey Park after the 2017 Tubbs Fire. \u003ccite>(ELIJAH NOUVELAGE/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that California has been caught off-guard by the new climate-driven fire seasons, amplified by longer hot summers and extended droughts. Seven of the 10 most destructive wildfires in state history have happened in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires are behaving so much differently than they have before,” Huston said, noting the new wildfires are “virtually impossible to fight” as they leap mountains and gallop for miles, creating their own weather systems. “You couldn’t have predicted this based on past fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Picker told state lawmakers on Jan. 30 that climate change-driven wildfire is happening much faster than anyone predicted. But for the state regulatory agency to enforce safety at the state’s eight investor-owned utilities, Picker said, he would need \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/newsletters/pge-bankruptcy-probation-climate-wildfires-trump-judges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15,000 to 20,000\u003c/a> new staff to police every electricity pole and wire. The agency has, roughly, a 1,300-member staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">PG&E Unveils Wildfire Safety Plan Featuring Possible Large-Scale Power Cutoffs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724248/pge-unveils-wildfire-safety-plan-featuring-possible-large-scale-power-cutoffs\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/39937492173_41bdc37b85_o-1020x738.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The CPUC regulates not only privately owned utilities from telecom to water, but also rail crossing safety, limos and ride sharing. Historically, Picker’s role has been more like that of an administrative judge than a police chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to get the Legislature to allow me to be a total dictator, make decisions overnight, I’m happy,” Picker elaborated to reporters afterward. “That’s not what our job is. We are like a technical court. People have to have their day in court. It’s not a fast process. Have you been in a court proceeding that took one day?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his answer on the challenges of enforcement frustrated lawmakers, on whom political pressure has mounted with every disaster. The CPUC is not known for swiftness. It took nine years to issue a statewide \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/FireThreatMaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fire-threat map\u003c/a> after Southern California fires, caused by Santa Ana winds whipping power lines, prompted commissioners in 2009 to demand one. It has laid out a two-month \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/sb901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">schedule\u003c/a> just for reviewing fire prevention plans utilities must submit under recent and hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfire-prevention-bill-issues/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire safety legislation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Picker’s testimony, Democratic Assemblyman Jim Wood, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfires-legislator-forensic-dentist/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a forensic dentist\u003c/a> who represents fire-ravaged Santa Rosa, took to Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>Amassing ‘more tools’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 915px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726358\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"915\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768.jpg 915w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768-160x134.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Woolsey_Fire_evacuation_from_Malibu_on_November_9_2018-1-915x768-800x671.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malibu residents flee the Woolsey Fire in November 2018. \u003ccite>(via Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the fire challenge involves painful long-term decisions such as how to reconcile the acute demand for California housing with the suddenly limited supply of land that isn’t in a high-risk fire zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term, Democratic state Sen. Bill Dodd of Napa is among those who hope incremental improvements might make a difference. He is proposing the commission work with Cal Fire and the Office of Emergency Services to improve coordination for turning off power in red-flag weather, alerting residents to evacuate and better targeting crews to fight fires. His bill, SB 209, would establish an official, statewide California \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/dodd-proposes-california-wildfire-warning-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire warning center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Everybody I talk to in our neighborhood pretty much either had family call or a neighbor knock on the door. I don’t know of anyone that got an emergency alert.'\u003ccite>Patrick McCallum\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It would give us more tools in trying to make sure this doesn’t happen again,\" Dodd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency officials also are studying past fires, and preparing. Survivors of the Tubbs Fire in Napa and Sonoma counties complained they had little or no warning when the flames flared up at night under dry windy conditions. Local officials opted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625884/outdoor-emergency-sirens-werent-used-in-north-bay-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">against sending out a mass alert\u003c/a> for fear of causing panic or hindering emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody I talk to in our neighborhood pretty much either had family call or a neighbor knock on the door. I don’t know of anyone that got an emergency alert,\" said Patrick McCallum, a higher education lobbyist who barely \u003ca href=\"https://www.holdpgeaccountable.com/our-stories.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">escaped\u003c/a> his Santa Rosa home with his wife, Sonoma State University President Judy Sakaki. \"Worse, there were police and fire engines running around but they were not allowed to put their alarms on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In coming weeks, the state is expected to issue clearer guidance to all 58 counties for issuing alerts and warnings to the public across multiple platforms. The new thinking is to over-communicate, rather than rely on the alerts of the 1980s sent over television and radio or ringing landlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is something people depend on to make decisions in a crisis,” OES’ Huston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also believes pushing out wireless emergency alerts on smartphones similar to an Amber Alert can now be done effectively without creating chaos. This simple weather \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/us/cellphone-alerts-california-fires.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warning\u003c/a> was sent out to seven counties encompassing 22 million people in Southern California in December 2017 as a precaution after authorities saw dry windy conditions similar to the wine country fire two months earlier:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Strong winds overnight creating extreme fire danger. Stay Alert. Listen to authorities.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fire season, Californians may see it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A firefighting Air Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726365\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/CalFire2-1000x667-800x534.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire tanker drops flame retardant. The agency is amassing one of the world’s largest firefighting fleets. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Cal Fire is beefing up its capabilities. And rather than waiting to respond to a wildfire, emergency personnel have shifted to pre-positioning strike teams before a fire even starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726354/after-years-of-busting-its-firefighting-budget-should-california-get-disaster-insurance\">After Years of Busting its Firefighting Budget, Should California Get Disaster Insurance?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726354/after-years-of-busting-its-firefighting-budget-should-california-get-disaster-insurance\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/AirTanker.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The switch comes at a price; Cal Fire’s expenses now already \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-wildfires-statistics-tracker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">routinely exceed its budget\u003c/a>. Last year’s fire spending set a new record, and the political climate has made the outlays difficult to question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s expensive because you’re paying the same amount of money for firefighters whether they’re fighting a fire or sitting waiting for a fire to start,” Huston said. “But you have to weigh that against the potential for loss and the expense of a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state already boasts a formidable firefighting air force, featuring S-2T air tankers that dump 1,200 gallons of flame retardant and Huey helicopters for lifting fire crews in and out of steep terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, the Hueys will start to be replaced by more modern Black Hawks, the Army’s frontline utility helicopter. The first one is expected to be ready in May, said Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And over the next two years, Cal Fire will add seven C-130 Hercules cargo planes. Those will be retrofitted to carry between 3,000 and 4,000 gallons of flame retardant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will have one of, if not the largest, firefighting air forces in the world,” McLean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about the utilities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11726441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1405\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-1020x746.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33944_111318_AW_CampFire_31-qut-1200x878.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E worker cuts damaged power lines after the Camp Fire in Paradise. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At ground zero in much of the state are California’s investor-owned utilities and their spark-prone equipment. PG&E has vowed to expand power shut-off territory to as many as \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M263/K673/263673423.PDF#page=17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5.4 million customers\u003c/a>, up from 570,000 today. SCE is focused on better weather monitoring, adding 62 high-definition cameras and 350 micro weather stations as part of a broader \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.edison.com/releases/southern-california-edison-files-2019-wildfire-mitigation-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$582 million\u003c/a> safety plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And SDG&E, which has been most aggressive with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdgenews.com/article/sdges-2019-wildfire-mitigation-plan-builds-past-successes-further-strengthen-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1 billion\u003c/a> in safety upgrades, will continue to replace wood poles with steel poles, hire a helitanker on standby year-round, and contract with firefighters especially trained to put out electrical fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there’s no statewide standard for deciding when the power should be shut off. Instead, participating utilities base decisions on temperature, wind, humidity and other factors. SDG&E has been lauded for its \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/deenergization/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proactive use of public safety power shutoffs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s rollout has been less reassuring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days before the most destructive wildfire in California history ignited, 62,000 PG&E customers in eight counties, including Butte, were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedFiles/CPUCWebsite/Content/News_Room/NewsUpdates/2018/11-27-18%20PGE%20PSPS%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned\u003c/a> that their power could be turned off as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“This is an important safety alert from Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Extreme weather conditions and high fire-danger are forecasted in Butte County. These conditions may cause power outages in the area of your address. To protect public safety, PG&E may also temporarily turn off power in your neighborhood or community. If there is an outage, we will work to restore service as soon as it is safe to do so.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—6:30 p.m. Nov. 6, 2018\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire reports the Camp Fire ignited around 6:30 a.m. on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E never shut off power. In fact, the utility went on to issue cancellation notifications hours after the deadly blaze started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“This is an important safety update from Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Weather conditions have improved in your area, and we are not planning to turn off electricity for safety in the area of your address.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—2 p.m. Nov. 8, 2018\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wouldn’t comment on its decision. The California Public Utilities Commision would say only that it is investigating when asked if the state was looking at why the utility didn’t initiate a blackout.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nThis is the first in a two-part series from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>. Next: With PG&E in bankruptcy proceedings, utilities on the defensive and insurance costs rising, what the next victims of a utility-sparked wildfire can expect.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "contractor-tied-to-san-francisco-pipeline-explosion-didnt-have-a-license",
"title": "Contractor Tied to San Francisco Pipeline Explosion Didn’t Have a License",
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"headTitle": "Contractor Tied to San Francisco Pipeline Explosion Didn’t Have a License | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California regulators say a New Jersey telecommunications company tasked with installing fiber optic cables in San Francisco’s Inner Richmond neighborhood — a job linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723887/s-f-firefighters-battle-3-alarm-natural-gas-blaze-on-geary-boulevard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">natural gas pipeline explosion\u003c/a> last week — did not have a state contractor’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advanced Fiber Works, a subcontractor on the project, specializes in fiber optics construction and activation. However, it does not have a license in California and there’s no record that it has applied for one, according Rick Lopes, a spokesman for the Contractors State License Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company was granted a \u003ca href=\"https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=04233536-25545873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business license\u003c/a> by the California Secretary of State’s office on Jan. 29. Verizon’s permit from San Francisco Public Works indicated the Geary Boulevard project was to begin on that date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later Advanced Fiber Works notified merchants and residents in the area that it was preparing to do work at the site and that they should get ready for noise and other disruptions from the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please be advised that we will be starting some excavation work in the road outside your building. We are installing fiber optic conduit,” states the flier written with Advanced Fiber Works letterhead but with the contact information for another subcontractor on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the people who received those notices had to evacuate from their stores and homes on Feb. 6, when crews dug into a four-inch PG&E pipeline at Geary Boulevard and Parker Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly flammable gas burst from the rupture, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723887/s-f-firefighters-battle-3-alarm-natural-gas-blaze-on-geary-boulevard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">caught fire\u003c/a> and sent a column of flames soaring 50 feet into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-alarm blaze burned for more than two hours as PG&E crews struggled to cut off the flow of gas at the site. The fire gutted a restaurant, damaged several other buildings and prompted investigations by the National Transportation Safety Board, the California Public Utilities Commission, California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health and the San Francisco Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Supervisors Catherine Stefani and Sandra Lee Fewer called for a hearing to review the incident and asked that representatives of several agencies speak before the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to ensure that contractors conducting work on our streets maintain the highest standards and meet all safety requirements at the federal, state and local level,” Stefani said before the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5395\" height=\"3540\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11724415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg 5395w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5395px) 100vw, 5395px\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10829492/s-f-officials-upheld-in-firing-of-construction-firm-involved-in-gas-line-breaks\">S.F. Officials Upheld in Firing of Construction Firm Involved in Gas Line Breaks\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10543975/state-investigating-whisteblower-report-of-potentially-explosive-pipeline-errors\">State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of the investigations into the explosion will be aimed at determining the plans and delegation of work for the fiber optic installation that spanned six blocks of Geary between Parker Avenue and Emerson Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project involved several companies in four states. Telecommunications giant Verizon applied for and received a permit from the city for the installation. Verizon then hired MasTec, a Florida infrastructure engineering firm, as its main contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MasTec, in turn, contracted with Advanced Fiber Works, which hired a recently created San Francisco company — Kilford Engineering — for part of the construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Advanced Fiber Works disputed the idea that it was doing physical work on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work being performed at the job-site had been subcontracted to Kilford Engineering, a state- and city-licensed contractor with many years of experience in underground cable installation. AFW had no employees on site at the time of the incident nor was it performing any physical work associated with the project. At no point was AFW responsible for assigning or providing employees to the job site,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Weiner, a representative for Advanced Fiber Works, said the project was the first the two firms had worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiner did not answer repeated questions about what actual work AFW was tasked with on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1599-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Crews from PG&E and the San Francisco Fire Department at the scene of a natural gas blast and fire on Geary Boulevard in the city's Inner Richmond neighborhood.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews from PG&E and the San Francisco Fire Department at the scene of a natural gas blast and fire on Geary Boulevard in the city’s Inner Richmond neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Raquel Maria Dillon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An employee for Kilford Engineering was driving the excavator that struck the underground natural gas pipeline that ruptured, according to Frank Polizzi, a spokesman for Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polizzi said Kilford was hired to dig a trench, install conduit and seal up the excavation. AFW was supposed to eventually snake cables through the conduit, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA is currently investigating Kilford Engineering in connection with the explosion — not the other firms involved in the work, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilford Engineering, which obtained its state business and contractors licenses late last year, issued a statement through a communications firm in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important to note that no cause of the fire has been established and any speculation to the contrary undermines the integrity of this investigation, which must be given time to reveal answers as to what occurred,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopes, the spokesman for the contractors board, said if AFW was involved in physically installing communication lines, the contractor would be in violation of state regulations requiring a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cslb.ca.gov/About_Us/Library/Licensing_Classifications/C-7_-_Low_Voltage_Systems_Contractor.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C-7\u003c/a> license to do the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon has not answered questions about the incident since it issued a statement hours after the explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for MasTec has not answered questions about the role AFW played on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, NTSB investigators have focused on PG&E’s actions. Last Friday, officials with the federal agency said they were trying to find out how long it took PG&E to shut off the gas after the line was broken. Federal investigators planned to secure several feet of the ruptured pipeline and possibly send it to a lab for more analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokeswoman declined to name the contractor that contacted the utility to determine where gas lines were in the area. PG&E has said that it marked the location of the lines before work began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Weiss, a spokesman for the NTSB, said the agency expects to release a preliminary report on the case in the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California regulators say a New Jersey telecommunications company tasked with installing fiber optic cables in San Francisco’s Inner Richmond neighborhood — a job linked to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723887/s-f-firefighters-battle-3-alarm-natural-gas-blaze-on-geary-boulevard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">natural gas pipeline explosion\u003c/a> last week — did not have a state contractor’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advanced Fiber Works, a subcontractor on the project, specializes in fiber optics construction and activation. However, it does not have a license in California and there’s no record that it has applied for one, according Rick Lopes, a spokesman for the Contractors State License Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company was granted a \u003ca href=\"https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=04233536-25545873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">business license\u003c/a> by the California Secretary of State’s office on Jan. 29. Verizon’s permit from San Francisco Public Works indicated the Geary Boulevard project was to begin on that date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later Advanced Fiber Works notified merchants and residents in the area that it was preparing to do work at the site and that they should get ready for noise and other disruptions from the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please be advised that we will be starting some excavation work in the road outside your building. We are installing fiber optic conduit,” states the flier written with Advanced Fiber Works letterhead but with the contact information for another subcontractor on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the people who received those notices had to evacuate from their stores and homes on Feb. 6, when crews dug into a four-inch PG&E pipeline at Geary Boulevard and Parker Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly flammable gas burst from the rupture, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723887/s-f-firefighters-battle-3-alarm-natural-gas-blaze-on-geary-boulevard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">caught fire\u003c/a> and sent a column of flames soaring 50 feet into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-alarm blaze burned for more than two hours as PG&E crews struggled to cut off the flow of gas at the site. The fire gutted a restaurant, damaged several other buildings and prompted investigations by the National Transportation Safety Board, the California Public Utilities Commission, California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health and the San Francisco Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Supervisors Catherine Stefani and Sandra Lee Fewer called for a hearing to review the incident and asked that representatives of several agencies speak before the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to ensure that contractors conducting work on our streets maintain the highest standards and meet all safety requirements at the federal, state and local level,” Stefani said before the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5395\" height=\"3540\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11724415\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954.jpg 5395w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/GettyImages-1095654954-1920x1260.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5395px) 100vw, 5395px\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10829492/s-f-officials-upheld-in-firing-of-construction-firm-involved-in-gas-line-breaks\">S.F. Officials Upheld in Firing of Construction Firm Involved in Gas Line Breaks\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10543975/state-investigating-whisteblower-report-of-potentially-explosive-pipeline-errors\">State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of the investigations into the explosion will be aimed at determining the plans and delegation of work for the fiber optic installation that spanned six blocks of Geary between Parker Avenue and Emerson Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project involved several companies in four states. Telecommunications giant Verizon applied for and received a permit from the city for the installation. Verizon then hired MasTec, a Florida infrastructure engineering firm, as its main contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MasTec, in turn, contracted with Advanced Fiber Works, which hired a recently created San Francisco company — Kilford Engineering — for part of the construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Advanced Fiber Works disputed the idea that it was doing physical work on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work being performed at the job-site had been subcontracted to Kilford Engineering, a state- and city-licensed contractor with many years of experience in underground cable installation. AFW had no employees on site at the time of the incident nor was it performing any physical work associated with the project. At no point was AFW responsible for assigning or providing employees to the job site,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Weiner, a representative for Advanced Fiber Works, said the project was the first the two firms had worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiner did not answer repeated questions about what actual work AFW was tasked with on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11724205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11724205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_1599-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Crews from PG&E and the San Francisco Fire Department at the scene of a natural gas blast and fire on Geary Boulevard in the city's Inner Richmond neighborhood.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews from PG&E and the San Francisco Fire Department at the scene of a natural gas blast and fire on Geary Boulevard in the city’s Inner Richmond neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Raquel Maria Dillon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An employee for Kilford Engineering was driving the excavator that struck the underground natural gas pipeline that ruptured, according to Frank Polizzi, a spokesman for Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polizzi said Kilford was hired to dig a trench, install conduit and seal up the excavation. AFW was supposed to eventually snake cables through the conduit, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA is currently investigating Kilford Engineering in connection with the explosion — not the other firms involved in the work, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilford Engineering, which obtained its state business and contractors licenses late last year, issued a statement through a communications firm in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important to note that no cause of the fire has been established and any speculation to the contrary undermines the integrity of this investigation, which must be given time to reveal answers as to what occurred,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopes, the spokesman for the contractors board, said if AFW was involved in physically installing communication lines, the contractor would be in violation of state regulations requiring a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cslb.ca.gov/About_Us/Library/Licensing_Classifications/C-7_-_Low_Voltage_Systems_Contractor.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C-7\u003c/a> license to do the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon has not answered questions about the incident since it issued a statement hours after the explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for MasTec has not answered questions about the role AFW played on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, NTSB investigators have focused on PG&E’s actions. Last Friday, officials with the federal agency said they were trying to find out how long it took PG&E to shut off the gas after the line was broken. Federal investigators planned to secure several feet of the ruptured pipeline and possibly send it to a lab for more analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokeswoman declined to name the contractor that contacted the utility to determine where gas lines were in the area. PG&E has said that it marked the location of the lines before work began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Weiss, a spokesman for the NTSB, said the agency expects to release a preliminary report on the case in the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Years of Busting its Firefighting Budget, Should California Get Disaster Insurance?",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has blown through its firefighting budget in seven of the past 10 years. Now, some state leaders are proposing a novel way to pay for those overruns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara and state Sen. Bill Dodd unveiled legislation Thursday that would pave the way for California to take out an insurance policy for disasters, including the devastating wildfires that have ripped through numerous communities in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works just like your home insurance but for our actual state. You pay a premium each year, and we are protected,” Lara said. “If a disaster strikes, once you cover the deductible, the plan pays you back for your losses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd noted that California spent $947 million fighting wildfires over the fiscal year that ended last July — $450 million more than state leaders budgeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argued that letting an insurance company carry more risk could free up state resources for preventing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising wildfire suppression costs can strain California’s financial resources and threaten cuts to critical programs,” said Sen. Dodd, D-Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climate change continues to contribute to devastating infernos, we need a strategy to reduce the pressure on state and community coffers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11726439 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara and State Sen. Bill Dodd hold a press conference on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-1020x664.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-1200x781.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara, right, and state Sen. Bill Dodd hold a press conference on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. \u003ccite>(Marisa Lagos/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal wouldn’t require the state to take out an insurance policy, but would authorize the governor, insurance commissioner and treasurer to explore the possibility. Similar programs have been embraced by the state of Oregon and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one large insurance group said it would back the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurers understand the need for new products and strategies to finance the mitigation and recovery from these unprecedented wildfires,” Armand Feliciano, vice president for the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said in a written statement. “We look forward to working with the legislature and statewide elected officials to consider and develop innovative ways to prevent and fight future wildfires. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has blown through its firefighting budget in seven of the past 10 years. Now, some state leaders are proposing a novel way to pay for those overruns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara and state Sen. Bill Dodd unveiled legislation Thursday that would pave the way for California to take out an insurance policy for disasters, including the devastating wildfires that have ripped through numerous communities in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works just like your home insurance but for our actual state. You pay a premium each year, and we are protected,” Lara said. “If a disaster strikes, once you cover the deductible, the plan pays you back for your losses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd noted that California spent $947 million fighting wildfires over the fiscal year that ended last July — $450 million more than state leaders budgeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argued that letting an insurance company carry more risk could free up state resources for preventing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising wildfire suppression costs can strain California’s financial resources and threaten cuts to critical programs,” said Sen. Dodd, D-Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climate change continues to contribute to devastating infernos, we need a strategy to reduce the pressure on state and community coffers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11726439 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara and State Sen. Bill Dodd hold a press conference on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-1020x664.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara-1200x781.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/DoddLara.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara, right, and state Sen. Bill Dodd hold a press conference on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. \u003ccite>(Marisa Lagos/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal wouldn’t require the state to take out an insurance policy, but would authorize the governor, insurance commissioner and treasurer to explore the possibility. Similar programs have been embraced by the state of Oregon and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one large insurance group said it would back the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurers understand the need for new products and strategies to finance the mitigation and recovery from these unprecedented wildfires,” Armand Feliciano, vice president for the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said in a written statement. “We look forward to working with the legislature and statewide elected officials to consider and develop innovative ways to prevent and fight future wildfires. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The National Butterfly Center, in danger of losing access to most of its wildlife nature preserve along the Rio Grande, is asking a court to stop federal officials from building a border wall across its land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Butterfly Association \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/364442-butterfly-group-sues-trump-administration-over-border-wall\">first sued\u003c/a> more than a year ago after government officials allegedly cut down trees and cleared brush on its Texas property. The planned wall would cut the 100-acre property in two, with as much as 70 percent of the land inaccessible between the wall and the Rio Grande, Butterfly Center Executive Director Marianna Trevino Wright has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/660671247/butterfly-preserve-on-the-border-threatened-by-trumps-wall\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevino Wright \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/05/politics/trump-border-wall-texas-butterfly-center/index.html\">told CNN\u003c/a> last week that the case had been \"languishing\" in the court since then and that she was exploring further legal action. This week, she asked the court to stop the government from bringing heavy machinery onto its land, until the court can rule on its original 2017 request.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715197/california-monarch-butterfly-population-down-86-percent-in-one-year\">California Monarch Butterfly Population Down 86 Percent in One Year\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715197/california-monarch-butterfly-population-down-86-percent-in-one-year\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34542_monarch-feature-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's the latest court challenge brought by environmental groups that lament the damage caused by construction of barriers between U.S. and Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a federal court ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/12/693777466/government-can-waive-environmental-laws-to-build-border-wall-prototypes-court-ru\">the Trump administration has broad authority\u003c/a> to waive environmental laws in the name of border security. The Department of Homeland Security has already said \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/11/2018-22063/determination-pursuant-to-section-102-of-the-illegal-immigration-reform-and-immigrant-responsibility\">it will waive regulations\u003c/a> to build along the Rio Grande.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, government officials have \"driven their trucks and heavy machinery back and forth across the Butterfly Center as if they own it,\" NABA \u003ca href=\"https://www.expressnews.com/file/381/2/3812-NBCrestrainingorder.pdf\">told the court\u003c/a>. They've also \"blocked access to more than two-thirds of the Butterfly Center with law enforcement vehicles and by cutting the Butterfly Center's lock on one of its gates and replacing it with one of their own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As border wall construction begins on land next to the butterfly center, the Trump administration's \"constitutional violations are escalating,\" NABA wrote, alleging its property was being destroyed in violation of the Fourth and Fifth amendments to the U.S. Constitution. NABA says government officials have installed cameras on its private property and have \"engaged in harassment\" of Butterfly Center staff and visitors since the summer of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Customs and Border Protection spokesman \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/butterfly-conservationists-ask-court-to-stop-border-wall-construction/index.html\">told CNN\u003c/a> they wouldn't comment, citing ongoing litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been talking about butterflies versus border security, but this case is about so much more than that,\" Trevino Wright said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/north-american-butterfly-association-files-for-injunctive-relief-to-halt-illegal-seizure-of-its-property-for-border-wall-construction-300794133.html\">statement\u003c/a>. \"It is about constitutional protections, the right to due process, the illegal waiver of laws duly enacted by Congress, and the lawlessness of the federal government's actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine going home to your house one day and finding people cutting down your trees, knocking down your fence and destroying your yard,\" Trevino Wright \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/673022628/south-texas-butterfly-sanctuary-threatened-by-trumps-border-wall\">told NPR \u003c/a>last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The butterfly center has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/protect-the-national-butterfly-center\">GoFundMe page\u003c/a> to help with its legal defense costs. So far, it has raised nearly $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue is not whether butterflies can fly over a wall, but whether private property (farms, businesses, homes) should be seized and destroyed for a project that does not serve the greater good or enhance national security,\" the center wrote. The wall essentially \"pushes the boundaries of Mexico north of the Rio Grande and makes America smaller,\" it said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Butterflies+Vs.+Border+Wall%3A+National+Butterfly+Center+Seeks+Restraining+Order&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The National Butterfly Center, in danger of losing access to most of its wildlife nature preserve along the Rio Grande, is asking a court to stop federal officials from building a border wall across its land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Butterfly Association \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/364442-butterfly-group-sues-trump-administration-over-border-wall\">first sued\u003c/a> more than a year ago after government officials allegedly cut down trees and cleared brush on its Texas property. The planned wall would cut the 100-acre property in two, with as much as 70 percent of the land inaccessible between the wall and the Rio Grande, Butterfly Center Executive Director Marianna Trevino Wright has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/660671247/butterfly-preserve-on-the-border-threatened-by-trumps-wall\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevino Wright \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/05/politics/trump-border-wall-texas-butterfly-center/index.html\">told CNN\u003c/a> last week that the case had been \"languishing\" in the court since then and that she was exploring further legal action. This week, she asked the court to stop the government from bringing heavy machinery onto its land, until the court can rule on its original 2017 request.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715197/california-monarch-butterfly-population-down-86-percent-in-one-year\">California Monarch Butterfly Population Down 86 Percent in One Year\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715197/california-monarch-butterfly-population-down-86-percent-in-one-year\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34542_monarch-feature-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's the latest court challenge brought by environmental groups that lament the damage caused by construction of barriers between U.S. and Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a federal court ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/12/693777466/government-can-waive-environmental-laws-to-build-border-wall-prototypes-court-ru\">the Trump administration has broad authority\u003c/a> to waive environmental laws in the name of border security. The Department of Homeland Security has already said \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/11/2018-22063/determination-pursuant-to-section-102-of-the-illegal-immigration-reform-and-immigrant-responsibility\">it will waive regulations\u003c/a> to build along the Rio Grande.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, government officials have \"driven their trucks and heavy machinery back and forth across the Butterfly Center as if they own it,\" NABA \u003ca href=\"https://www.expressnews.com/file/381/2/3812-NBCrestrainingorder.pdf\">told the court\u003c/a>. They've also \"blocked access to more than two-thirds of the Butterfly Center with law enforcement vehicles and by cutting the Butterfly Center's lock on one of its gates and replacing it with one of their own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As border wall construction begins on land next to the butterfly center, the Trump administration's \"constitutional violations are escalating,\" NABA wrote, alleging its property was being destroyed in violation of the Fourth and Fifth amendments to the U.S. Constitution. NABA says government officials have installed cameras on its private property and have \"engaged in harassment\" of Butterfly Center staff and visitors since the summer of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Customs and Border Protection spokesman \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/butterfly-conservationists-ask-court-to-stop-border-wall-construction/index.html\">told CNN\u003c/a> they wouldn't comment, citing ongoing litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been talking about butterflies versus border security, but this case is about so much more than that,\" Trevino Wright said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/north-american-butterfly-association-files-for-injunctive-relief-to-halt-illegal-seizure-of-its-property-for-border-wall-construction-300794133.html\">statement\u003c/a>. \"It is about constitutional protections, the right to due process, the illegal waiver of laws duly enacted by Congress, and the lawlessness of the federal government's actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine going home to your house one day and finding people cutting down your trees, knocking down your fence and destroying your yard,\" Trevino Wright \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/673022628/south-texas-butterfly-sanctuary-threatened-by-trumps-border-wall\">told NPR \u003c/a>last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The butterfly center has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/protect-the-national-butterfly-center\">GoFundMe page\u003c/a> to help with its legal defense costs. So far, it has raised nearly $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue is not whether butterflies can fly over a wall, but whether private property (farms, businesses, homes) should be seized and destroyed for a project that does not serve the greater good or enhance national security,\" the center wrote. The wall essentially \"pushes the boundaries of Mexico north of the Rio Grande and makes America smaller,\" it said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Butterflies+Vs.+Border+Wall%3A+National+Butterfly+Center+Seeks+Restraining+Order&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gov. Newsom Says He'll Scale Back Two Massive Projects",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725616/gov-gavin-newsom-gives-first-state-of-the-state-address\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the State: Newsom to Scale Back Tunnel and Rail Projects\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In his first State of the State address, Gov. Gavin Newsom said his administration will significantly scale back two massive public projects: high-speed rail and the Delta tunnels. Those are both projects that his predecessor championed.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725908/l-a-county-scraps-mental-health-jail\">L.A. County Scraps Mental Health Jail\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County has scrapped its plan to build a jail that treats inmates with mental health issues. Instead, the Board of Supervisors voted yesterday to move forward with a dedicated mental health treatment facility for inmates.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alyssa Jeong Perry\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725911/l-a-to-replace-3-gas-power-plants\">L.A. to Replace 3 Gas Power Plants\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is pretty focused on its green agenda, which is now more ambitious than ever with a goal to be carbon neutral by 2045. Environmentalists say meeting that goal means natural gas, once considered a clean alternative to coal, has to go. Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti announced plans Tuesday to replace three aging gas power plants with clean energy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Larry Buhl\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725582/a-double-barreled-storm-gets-ready-to-blast-bay-area-northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Double-Barreled Storm Rolls Into Bay Area, Northern California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A double-barreled Pacific storm system arrived in Northern California late Tuesday with heavy rains, high winds and just enough uncertainty about exactly where it will direct its fiercest energy to prompt forecasters to put the entire region on notice for the possibility of widespread flooding and power outages.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Dan Brekke\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725914/western-franciscan-order-allowing-accused-priests-to-stay-on-board\">Western Franciscan Order Allowing Accused Priests to Stay on Board\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In response to reignited public outrage over the Catholic Church sex abuse scandal, diocese and religious orders, like the Franciscans, are working to update public lists of priests accused of sexual misconduct with minors. But some of them are blowing past self-imposed deadlines. Leading that effort for his order is the Rev. David Gaa, the head of the Franciscans in the western United States.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Polly Stryker\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11725920/paradise-plans-to-bring-in-consultants-to-help-with-camp-fire-rebuild\">Paradise Plans to Bring in Consultants to Help with Camp Fire Rebuild\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The devastation from the Camp Fire in Paradise is far too large for the town to handle on its own. As the town works toward recovery, it's bringing in a lot of outside help to make it happen.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sonja Hutson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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