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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Five Bay Area counties could lose a collective $180 million annually if lawmakers pass the governor’s current budget proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The money is at the center of an ongoing battle between the state and counties with some of the highest property taxes in the state. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco, Marin, San Mateo, Napa and Santa Clara are the only five counties in California that generate more property taxes than their obligations to the Educational Revenue Augmentation Fund, which is used to meet funding mandates for public schools across the state. The leftovers are called “excess ERAF.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For years, the state Department of Finance has said those counties are miscalculating the amount they owe to the fund by omitting kids in charter schools from their daily attendance counts. The state uses those figures to determine how much money it allocates to school districts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The counties thought recent lawsuits had settled the issue in their favor. However, under the governor’s current budget, charter schools would be counted for ERAF funding, which would essentially remove the excess property tax revenue that the counties use in their general funds. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“For more than 30 years, these revenues have been directed to fund K–12 schools, but charter schools have been recently left out of the equation,” H.D. Palmer, a spokesperson for the state Department of Finance, said. “This proposal would ensure that all local educational agencies receive these funds.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In February, Matthew Hymel, then-Marin County executive, wrote \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.gov/departments/executive/budget-and-priority-setting/legislative-support-and-advocacy/legislative-3\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a letter to state lawmakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> calling the move unconstitutional, saying it would cost the county $1.1 million per year, affecting some 65 governmental entities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“This is the latest in a series of attempts by the State Department of Finance (DOF) to take constitutionally protected funds from local governments for State use at the expense of local health and safety programs and services,” Hymel’s statement reads.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than $47 million is at stake in Santa Clara County, between the county and its cities. County Executive James Williams argues that the governor’s proposal goes against a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sca_4_cfa_20040729_111134_asm_floor.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2004 constitutional amendment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> passed by voters that precludes state lawmakers from enacting new “ERAF shifts” to take property tax money away from local governments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“There should be no more grab of local government money, and that’s why we’re urging the legislature to reject this,” Williams said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michelle Allersma, director of budget and analysis in the San Francisco Controller’s Office, said San Francisco alone risks losing $43 million a year, which it uses to pay for basic services. It began using excess ERAF in the 2016–17 budget year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’re still kind of pulling ourselves out of the kind of pandemic aftermath,” Allersma said. “We’re still working on building back our local economy, so $43 million is objectively just an incredibly large number for us to backfill.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Williams said the dispute goes back to 1988 when California voters passed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/2005/prop_98_primer/prop_98_primer_020805.htm#:~:text=Generally%2C%20Proposition%2098%20provides%20K,and%20local%20property%20tax%20revenues.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proposition 98\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which guarantees funding for K–14 schools through a combination of money from the state’s general fund and local property taxes, creating ERAF. Property taxes fill those funding buckets first. If the counties don’t supply enough, the state’s general fund fills the rest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bay Area counties at issue have five of the six highest property taxes per resident in the state. That means their share of the buckets gets filled, and the leftover flows back into the counties to fund other services, like public health and safety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The specific change that they’re proposing is to add another bucket: charter schools,” Williams said. “Today, that bucket gets filled by the state general fund. Instead, the Department of Finance wants that bucket to get filled by ERAF.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Department of Finance previously tried to make that change through a directive from the state controller. That ended up with all interested parties in court. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4193\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2020 report from the Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> said the five counties were calculating their ERAF “in ways that seem contrary to state law and shift too much property tax revenue from schools to other agencies” to the tune of roughly $170 million per year. They anticipated that the amount would rise every year as property taxes increase.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, the Department of Finance said ERAF funding calculations should include charter school daily attendance numbers. In response, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/statute/california-codes/california-revenue-and-taxation-code/division-1-property-taxation/part-05-implementation-of-article-xiiia-of-the-california-constitution/chapter-6-allocation-of-property-tax-revenue/article-3-revenue-allocation-shifts-for-education/section-972-modifications-for-certain-fiscal-years\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">state lawmakers compromised\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the five Bay Area counties, holding them harmless for past years so long as they followed guidance from the state controller. The Legislature passed the 2020–21 budget, assuming counties would meet the higher Proposition 98 guarantee by counting charter schools.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sco.ca.gov/Files-ARD-Local/sco_eraf_guidance.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the controller’s guidance (PDF)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, issued in February 2021, omitted charter schools from the definition of a school district in terms of ERAF funding “because they do not directly receive property tax revenue.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11986893,news_11981977,news_11985798\"]\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The California School Boards Association (CSBA) objected, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://publications.csba.org/reports/ela/2022-annual-report/school-funding-educational-revenue-augmentation-fund/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arguing in a lawsuit\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> against the state controller that the guidance was unlawful, violating the California constitution’s minimum funding guarantee because charter schools should not be excluded from daily attendance-based funding or minimum property tax funding, with local funding being “passed through” a school district to the charter school. They estimated that nearly $1 billion was lost to excess ERAF at that time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three of the five counties — Marin, San Francisco and Santa Clara — intervened in the case. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In June 2022, a judge found the controller’s guidance was within the law. The CSBA appealed, and local governments that use excess ERAF funding closely watched the case, with some even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.milpitas.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3397/FY23-24-Proposed-Budget-20230425-FINAL\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">budgeting for legal bills in the case\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Last July, an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/case/cal-sch-bds-assn-v-cohen\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appellate court ruled\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the controller’s and counties’ favor, essentially putting the issue to rest.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or so they thought, until the release of the governor’s current budget proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“To explicitly address charter schools and their interaction with existing ERAF distribution statutes, the Budget proposes statutory changes to clarify that charter schools are eligible to receive ERAF,” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the budget states (PDF)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the governor’s budget proposes counting charter school kids, the legislative version of the budget doesn’t. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even if the governor’s proposal makes it into the final budget, counties would still have another year before the change takes effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The worst case scenario is that they agree on it, and it goes into effect on July 1, 2025,” Allersma said. “If it goes into effect, it would be at least out one year.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State lawmakers are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/budget/californias-budget-process/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">required to vote\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the budget by June 15.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For years, the state Department of Finance has said those counties are miscalculating the amount they owe to the fund by omitting kids in charter schools from their daily attendance counts. The state uses those figures to determine how much money it allocates to school districts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The counties thought recent lawsuits had settled the issue in their favor. However, under the governor’s current budget, charter schools would be counted for ERAF funding, which would essentially remove the excess property tax revenue that the counties use in their general funds. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“For more than 30 years, these revenues have been directed to fund K–12 schools, but charter schools have been recently left out of the equation,” H.D. Palmer, a spokesperson for the state Department of Finance, said. “This proposal would ensure that all local educational agencies receive these funds.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In February, Matthew Hymel, then-Marin County executive, wrote \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.gov/departments/executive/budget-and-priority-setting/legislative-support-and-advocacy/legislative-3\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a letter to state lawmakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> calling the move unconstitutional, saying it would cost the county $1.1 million per year, affecting some 65 governmental entities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“This is the latest in a series of attempts by the State Department of Finance (DOF) to take constitutionally protected funds from local governments for State use at the expense of local health and safety programs and services,” Hymel’s statement reads.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than $47 million is at stake in Santa Clara County, between the county and its cities. County Executive James Williams argues that the governor’s proposal goes against a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sca_4_cfa_20040729_111134_asm_floor.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2004 constitutional amendment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> passed by voters that precludes state lawmakers from enacting new “ERAF shifts” to take property tax money away from local governments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“There should be no more grab of local government money, and that’s why we’re urging the legislature to reject this,” Williams said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michelle Allersma, director of budget and analysis in the San Francisco Controller’s Office, said San Francisco alone risks losing $43 million a year, which it uses to pay for basic services. It began using excess ERAF in the 2016–17 budget year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’re still kind of pulling ourselves out of the kind of pandemic aftermath,” Allersma said. “We’re still working on building back our local economy, so $43 million is objectively just an incredibly large number for us to backfill.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Williams said the dispute goes back to 1988 when California voters passed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/2005/prop_98_primer/prop_98_primer_020805.htm#:~:text=Generally%2C%20Proposition%2098%20provides%20K,and%20local%20property%20tax%20revenues.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proposition 98\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which guarantees funding for K–14 schools through a combination of money from the state’s general fund and local property taxes, creating ERAF. Property taxes fill those funding buckets first. If the counties don’t supply enough, the state’s general fund fills the rest. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bay Area counties at issue have five of the six highest property taxes per resident in the state. That means their share of the buckets gets filled, and the leftover flows back into the counties to fund other services, like public health and safety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The specific change that they’re proposing is to add another bucket: charter schools,” Williams said. “Today, that bucket gets filled by the state general fund. Instead, the Department of Finance wants that bucket to get filled by ERAF.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Department of Finance previously tried to make that change through a directive from the state controller. That ended up with all interested parties in court. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4193\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2020 report from the Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> said the five counties were calculating their ERAF “in ways that seem contrary to state law and shift too much property tax revenue from schools to other agencies” to the tune of roughly $170 million per year. They anticipated that the amount would rise every year as property taxes increase.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, the Department of Finance said ERAF funding calculations should include charter school daily attendance numbers. In response, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/statute/california-codes/california-revenue-and-taxation-code/division-1-property-taxation/part-05-implementation-of-article-xiiia-of-the-california-constitution/chapter-6-allocation-of-property-tax-revenue/article-3-revenue-allocation-shifts-for-education/section-972-modifications-for-certain-fiscal-years\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">state lawmakers compromised\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the five Bay Area counties, holding them harmless for past years so long as they followed guidance from the state controller. The Legislature passed the 2020–21 budget, assuming counties would meet the higher Proposition 98 guarantee by counting charter schools.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sco.ca.gov/Files-ARD-Local/sco_eraf_guidance.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the controller’s guidance (PDF)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, issued in February 2021, omitted charter schools from the definition of a school district in terms of ERAF funding “because they do not directly receive property tax revenue.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The California School Boards Association (CSBA) objected, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://publications.csba.org/reports/ela/2022-annual-report/school-funding-educational-revenue-augmentation-fund/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arguing in a lawsuit\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> against the state controller that the guidance was unlawful, violating the California constitution’s minimum funding guarantee because charter schools should not be excluded from daily attendance-based funding or minimum property tax funding, with local funding being “passed through” a school district to the charter school. They estimated that nearly $1 billion was lost to excess ERAF at that time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three of the five counties — Marin, San Francisco and Santa Clara — intervened in the case. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In June 2022, a judge found the controller’s guidance was within the law. The CSBA appealed, and local governments that use excess ERAF funding closely watched the case, with some even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.milpitas.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3397/FY23-24-Proposed-Budget-20230425-FINAL\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">budgeting for legal bills in the case\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Last July, an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/case/cal-sch-bds-assn-v-cohen\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appellate court ruled\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the controller’s and counties’ favor, essentially putting the issue to rest.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or so they thought, until the release of the governor’s current budget proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“To explicitly address charter schools and their interaction with existing ERAF distribution statutes, the Budget proposes statutory changes to clarify that charter schools are eligible to receive ERAF,” \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the budget states (PDF)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the governor’s budget proposes counting charter school kids, the legislative version of the budget doesn’t. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even if the governor’s proposal makes it into the final budget, counties would still have another year before the change takes effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The worst case scenario is that they agree on it, and it goes into effect on July 1, 2025,” Allersma said. “If it goes into effect, it would be at least out one year.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State lawmakers are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/budget/californias-budget-process/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">required to vote\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the budget by June 15.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s children rank in the bottom third of all states in overall well-being, according to a new report released this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aecf.org/resources/2024-kids-count-data-book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being\u003c/a>,” found that over half of California’s 3- and 4-year-olds are not in school, less than one-fourth of its eighth graders are proficient in math, and a greater number children and teens per 100,000 died than in previous years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One way to think about it is where we see the most progress are the states who are investing in their children — heavily in their children,” said Leslie Boissiere, vice president of external affairs at the Annie E. Casey Foundation, who oversaw the compilation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its 35th year and published by the foundation, a private philanthropy and research organization, the annual report measures children’s well-being across 16 indicators within the categories of education, economic well-being, health, and family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of all states, California ranked 43rd in economic well-being, 35th in education, 10th in health, and 37th in family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s children only fared better than most other states in the health indicator. Even so, the number of babies with low birth weight slightly increased from 7.1% in 2019 to 7.4% in 2022, as did the number of child and teen deaths, rising from 18 per 100,000 in 2019 to 22 per 100,000 in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The movement in indicators generally follows investments, and it depends on the particular state of how they’re investing in their children,” Boissiere said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s report largely focused on comparisons between 2019 and 2022 data to provide a pre-pandemic and post-pandemic view of how children are faring, Boissiere said. Sources for the data included the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. Department of Education, the National Center for Education Statistics, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of low well-being on chronic absenteeism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The authors noted that the report’s findings provide context to the conversation on chronic absenteeism, which is defined as missing 10% or more of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The percentage of \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/californias-dramatic-jump-in-chronically-absent-students-part-of-a-nationwide-surge/695439\">chronically absent students in California\u003c/a> skyrocketed from the pre-pandemic rate of 12.1% in the 2018–19 school year to 30% in 2021–22. The reasons for such high absenteeism vary from district to district and even from student to student, but experts agree that the issue is exacerbated when children’s basic needs are not being met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we know is that it’s critically important that all children arrive in the classroom ready to learn and, in order for them to be ready to learn, their basic needs have to be met,” Boissiere said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data included in the report highlighted the relationship between absences and academic performance. The more students miss school, the lower their reading proficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"mindshift_63984,news_11989955,mindshift_63241\" label=\"Related Stories\"]In 2022, the percentage of fourth-grade students nationwide scoring proficient in reading was 40% for students with zero absences the month before they took the National Assessment of Educational Progress or NAEP. Reading proficiency lowered to 34% with one to two absent days in that month; to 28% with three to four absences; 25% with five to 10 absences, and down to 14% for students who had more than 10 absences in the same one-month time frame prior to taking the NAEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also found that racial inequities play a critical role in nearly all the index measures in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result of generationslong inequities and discriminatory policies and practices that persist, children of color face high hurdles to success on many indicators,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the authors found “alarming increases” in the rate of child and teen death rates among Black children nationally and that American Indian or Alaska Native children “were more than twice as likely to lack health insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disaggregating racial demographic data also pointed to notable inequities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, authors found that Asian and Pacific Islander children experienced one of the lowest rates of poverty nationally at 11%; the rate of poverty among Burmese children was 29%, 24% for Mongolian children, and 23% for Thai children. The national average for child poverty is 16%, per the report, highlighting the stark poverty rates for many Asian children nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at distinct racial inequities, the authors found exceptions where children of color fared better than the national average. For example, Black children were more likely to be in school at ages 3 and 4, to be insured, and to have a head of household with at least a high school diploma. Latino children and teens had lower death rates, and they were also less likely to have low birth weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, kids of color represent a majority of the children in the country, as well as in 14 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands,” the authors wrote. “The future success of our nation depends on our ability to ensure all children have the chance to be successful.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s children rank in the bottom third of all states in overall well-being, according to a new report released this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aecf.org/resources/2024-kids-count-data-book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being\u003c/a>,” found that over half of California’s 3- and 4-year-olds are not in school, less than one-fourth of its eighth graders are proficient in math, and a greater number children and teens per 100,000 died than in previous years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One way to think about it is where we see the most progress are the states who are investing in their children — heavily in their children,” said Leslie Boissiere, vice president of external affairs at the Annie E. Casey Foundation, who oversaw the compilation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its 35th year and published by the foundation, a private philanthropy and research organization, the annual report measures children’s well-being across 16 indicators within the categories of education, economic well-being, health, and family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of all states, California ranked 43rd in economic well-being, 35th in education, 10th in health, and 37th in family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s children only fared better than most other states in the health indicator. Even so, the number of babies with low birth weight slightly increased from 7.1% in 2019 to 7.4% in 2022, as did the number of child and teen deaths, rising from 18 per 100,000 in 2019 to 22 per 100,000 in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The movement in indicators generally follows investments, and it depends on the particular state of how they’re investing in their children,” Boissiere said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s report largely focused on comparisons between 2019 and 2022 data to provide a pre-pandemic and post-pandemic view of how children are faring, Boissiere said. Sources for the data included the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. Department of Education, the National Center for Education Statistics, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of low well-being on chronic absenteeism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The authors noted that the report’s findings provide context to the conversation on chronic absenteeism, which is defined as missing 10% or more of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The percentage of \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/californias-dramatic-jump-in-chronically-absent-students-part-of-a-nationwide-surge/695439\">chronically absent students in California\u003c/a> skyrocketed from the pre-pandemic rate of 12.1% in the 2018–19 school year to 30% in 2021–22. The reasons for such high absenteeism vary from district to district and even from student to student, but experts agree that the issue is exacerbated when children’s basic needs are not being met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we know is that it’s critically important that all children arrive in the classroom ready to learn and, in order for them to be ready to learn, their basic needs have to be met,” Boissiere said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data included in the report highlighted the relationship between absences and academic performance. The more students miss school, the lower their reading proficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 2022, the percentage of fourth-grade students nationwide scoring proficient in reading was 40% for students with zero absences the month before they took the National Assessment of Educational Progress or NAEP. Reading proficiency lowered to 34% with one to two absent days in that month; to 28% with three to four absences; 25% with five to 10 absences, and down to 14% for students who had more than 10 absences in the same one-month time frame prior to taking the NAEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also found that racial inequities play a critical role in nearly all the index measures in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result of generationslong inequities and discriminatory policies and practices that persist, children of color face high hurdles to success on many indicators,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the authors found “alarming increases” in the rate of child and teen death rates among Black children nationally and that American Indian or Alaska Native children “were more than twice as likely to lack health insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disaggregating racial demographic data also pointed to notable inequities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, authors found that Asian and Pacific Islander children experienced one of the lowest rates of poverty nationally at 11%; the rate of poverty among Burmese children was 29%, 24% for Mongolian children, and 23% for Thai children. The national average for child poverty is 16%, per the report, highlighting the stark poverty rates for many Asian children nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at distinct racial inequities, the authors found exceptions where children of color fared better than the national average. For example, Black children were more likely to be in school at ages 3 and 4, to be insured, and to have a head of household with at least a high school diploma. Latino children and teens had lower death rates, and they were also less likely to have low birth weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, kids of color represent a majority of the children in the country, as well as in 14 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands,” the authors wrote. “The future success of our nation depends on our ability to ensure all children have the chance to be successful.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989615/california-struggles-with-classroom-space-for-transitional-kindergarten\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen the end-of-day bell buzzes in Mrs. Nobriga’s transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord, her students excitedly cluster on the carpet, waiting to be picked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student, Galilea, runs to her family and hugs her dad, Victor Buendia, and younger brother, Fabian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Buendia, the simple act of picking up his daughter from school requires some maneuvering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an emergency medical technician, he used to work a day shift and wouldn’t get home until late in the evening. But he switched his schedule to start at 4 a.m., so now he’s off by noon — giving him enough to get home, change, load his 2-year-old son Fabian in the car and pick up Galilea when school ends at 1:35 p.m. His wife, Karina Buendia, handles the morning drop-off before heading to her 9-to-5 job as a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We talked, and we were like, ‘You know what? It’s going to be an early shift,’ but I know I’m going to be out early. I’m going to be able to come and pick her up,” Victor Buendia said. “We want her to know that we’re there for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Victor and Karina Buendia pick up their daughter Galilea, 5, after a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Buendias are among the thousands of parents who have opted into California’s ambitious $2.7 billion expansion of transitional kindergarten. In 2021, lawmakers voted to gradually phase in the grade on public school campuses over a five-year period until it covers all 4-year-olds in the state. Gov. Gavin Newsom has made universal TK a hallmark of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment has significantly increased to 150,000 students this past school year, but the state still has a long way to go to reach its goal of serving more than 300,000 by the fall of 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program’s growth will largely depend on parents buying into the program, but the transition to this new grade creates logistical challenges that force working parents like the Buendias to make difficult choices.[aside postID=news_11989465 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-27-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']KQED interviewed several families about their experiences with TK and many said drop-off and pick-up arrangements are a major hurdle. Others said their neighborhood school didn’t offer TK, and programs at other schools were difficult to travel to. Some parents said they missed key deadlines because they didn’t know their child was eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major expansion over the course of five years — it’s historic,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute. To accommodate a new grade, schools need additional classroom space, supplies, teachers and outreach to families. The state has provided funding, but progress has varied by school district and individual school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very exciting that California has prioritized early learning,” Melnick said. “It’s going to be messy no matter where you go to expand this quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Learning Policy Institute surveyed parents who didn’t enroll their kids in TK and found that the most common reasons were that the school did not offer before- or after-school care or that the available school was not close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some families have opted out of public school altogether or are waiting longer to enroll their kids, like when they are 6 years old. But there is still a gap of missing students, Melnick said, who are not enrolled in public school, private school or homeschooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988709\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Victor and Karina Buendia, along with their son Fabian, 3, pick up their daughter Galilea, 5, after a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We knew coming from the pandemic that enrollment across the country has fallen in preschool everywhere,” she said. “We simply don’t really know what’s happening with a lot of families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many parents, the Buendias worried about sending their 4-year-old to an elementary school and wondered if she would adapt to a structured school environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kind of skeptical,” Victor Buendia said. “At first, I was like, I don’t know how I feel about leaving my kid for long hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before starting TK, Galilea stayed home with her grandparents, which had its benefits, but she also spent a lot of time isolated from other kids during the pandemic. When she did see other kids, like at the park, she didn’t know how to interact with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Galilea will be off to kindergarten next fall, her parents are thrilled with the progress she’s made socially and academically and said enrolling her in TK was the right choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our case, [TK] was a great help,” Karina Buendia said. “Galilea turned 1 during COVID-19. She was struggling with socialization, so for us, she is getting the skills she needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting into school and getting there\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda mom, Jennifer Currier, said when she first heard about transitional kindergarten, signing up her daughter Kaia seemed like a no-brainer. She heard great things about Alameda’s public schools and enrolling could help them save the $2,000 monthly tuition they were paying for private preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, their neighborhood school did not offer TK, so they had to consider other schools in the district, some of which would require driving through “horrendous traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989660\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989660\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer and Steve Currier leave the house with their two children, Kaia, 5, and Kane, 2, in Alameda on June 10, before Steve takes the kids to camp and Jennifer leaves for work. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Only one Alameda school offering TK was a feasible distance away for Currier’s daughter, so landing a spot was crucial. She compared registration to securing tickets to the Coachella music festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last school year, 81% of school districts, county offices of education and charter schools reported offering TK at all of their elementary schools. In addition, 82% reported providing full-day classes, and sometimes alongside part-day classes, according to the state Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda Unified School District has taken a deliberately slow approach to implementing universal TK, said Tanya Harris, director for elementary education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has nine elementary schools but has added TK incrementally since the statewide expansion started. This fall, six of the district’s schools will offer TK before expanding to all or most of the schools by fall 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand has been high, with classes filling up to capacity each year, Harris said, but the district has not wanted to rush to add more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been nice to have the slower rollout to be really thoughtful and really find the right folks to be in the classroom,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Currier managed to enroll her daughter, the next step was figuring out transportation. Currier, an eye doctor, and her husband, an air traffic controller, need to be out of the house well before the kids start school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer and Steve Currier prepare their two children, Kaia, 5, and Kane, 2, for summer camp at their home in Alameda on June 10. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So they hired a morning nanny who ferries their daughter to school and their 3-year-old son to preschool. In the afternoon, their daughter stays on for after-school care. Even with paying for the morning nanny at $35 per hour and after-school care at $525 per month, the Curriers are saving about $800 a month on childcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the difficulties, Currier said she feels grateful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a really good fit for [Kaia] to be in TK because she was able to encounter lots of different people from different parts of Alameda,” she said. But she knows others may not be able to make the same choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hours [for TK] can be challenging for a lot of people,” she said. “My husband and I have talked about this a lot, how do people make it work?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials say they’re encouraged by increased enrollment to TK across all racial and ethnic groups because one of their goals is to provide equitable access to the state’s youngest learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s that overall hope that more and more families find access to high-quality, universal pre-K and that TK is one of those really strong options that’s available to them in a really good way in their community,” said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at the CDE. A mark of quality, she added, includes having children in the same neighborhood going to the same TK classroom, regardless of their family’s income level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s hard to compete with free’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For some parents, the high cost of child care drove them to choose TK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to compete with free,” said Alexis Ford, who lives in Concord and enrolled her son Mikey in TK last fall at the same school as Galilea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexis Ford works at a Head Start child care center, which serves low-income families, but couldn’t enroll her son there because her family’s earnings were above the eligibility requirement for the federal preschool program. Before TK, Mikey was cared for by his grandparents and went to a private preschool part-time because full-time care was too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989820\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989820\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mikey, 5, (right) works on an exercise with another student in a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At first, Ford said she was hesitant about making the transition to TK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could have afforded to send Mikey for full-time at St. Michael’s, we probably would have kept them there until kindergarten,” she said. “Preschool centers and family child care homes can offer a smaller group, more individualized care, for longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mikey was diagnosed with autism when he was three and now receives specialized services at school to help him with speech and other skills. So far, he’s done well in a regular classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pretty satisfied,” Ford said. “The plan is he will be here through eighth grade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some parents, the shifting eligibility deadlines for TK have created confusion. For this current school year, kids had to turn 4 by April 2. For the class entering this fall, the cut-off is June 2. And for the 2025-26 school year, the cut-off date will move for good to Sept. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Martinez of Concord said she feels like her daughter, Skye Ruiz, “fell through the TK cracks.”[aside postID=news_11989615 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg']Skye was too young to enroll in TK last fall. This year, she’s eligible for kindergarten because she will be 5 by Sept. 1, but her mother is unsure if she’s ready. Skye has been attending a half-day program that is mostly play-based. It’s great, Martinez said but hasn’t provided her daughter much academic preparation for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez decided to enroll Skye in a private TK program at St. Mary’s, a Catholic School in Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she hopes the extra year will help Skye ease into school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to pay whatever I have to pay to make sure my kids get an acceptable education at this point,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole process of deciding on which school and which grade to start with was “very stressful,” Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not anticipate that at all,” she said. “These are the things you do not think about when you’re going to have a baby. Like, wow, I’m going to have to think about your whole academic career when you’re 4.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that her family has decided, she’s looking forward to her daughter starting school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just hopefully optimistic,” Martinez said, “that it’s the right place for my daughter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/daisynguyen\">\u003cem>Daisy Nguyen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed reporting for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As California moves toward its goal of serving more than 300,000 students by the fall of 2025, the success of universal TK will largely depend on parents buying into the program.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989615/california-struggles-with-classroom-space-for-transitional-kindergarten\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen the end-of-day bell buzzes in Mrs. Nobriga’s transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord, her students excitedly cluster on the carpet, waiting to be picked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student, Galilea, runs to her family and hugs her dad, Victor Buendia, and younger brother, Fabian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Buendia, the simple act of picking up his daughter from school requires some maneuvering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an emergency medical technician, he used to work a day shift and wouldn’t get home until late in the evening. But he switched his schedule to start at 4 a.m., so now he’s off by noon — giving him enough to get home, change, load his 2-year-old son Fabian in the car and pick up Galilea when school ends at 1:35 p.m. His wife, Karina Buendia, handles the morning drop-off before heading to her 9-to-5 job as a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We talked, and we were like, ‘You know what? It’s going to be an early shift,’ but I know I’m going to be out early. I’m going to be able to come and pick her up,” Victor Buendia said. “We want her to know that we’re there for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-53-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Victor and Karina Buendia pick up their daughter Galilea, 5, after a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Buendias are among the thousands of parents who have opted into California’s ambitious $2.7 billion expansion of transitional kindergarten. In 2021, lawmakers voted to gradually phase in the grade on public school campuses over a five-year period until it covers all 4-year-olds in the state. Gov. Gavin Newsom has made universal TK a hallmark of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment has significantly increased to 150,000 students this past school year, but the state still has a long way to go to reach its goal of serving more than 300,000 by the fall of 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program’s growth will largely depend on parents buying into the program, but the transition to this new grade creates logistical challenges that force working parents like the Buendias to make difficult choices.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>KQED interviewed several families about their experiences with TK and many said drop-off and pick-up arrangements are a major hurdle. Others said their neighborhood school didn’t offer TK, and programs at other schools were difficult to travel to. Some parents said they missed key deadlines because they didn’t know their child was eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major expansion over the course of five years — it’s historic,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute. To accommodate a new grade, schools need additional classroom space, supplies, teachers and outreach to families. The state has provided funding, but progress has varied by school district and individual school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very exciting that California has prioritized early learning,” Melnick said. “It’s going to be messy no matter where you go to expand this quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Learning Policy Institute surveyed parents who didn’t enroll their kids in TK and found that the most common reasons were that the school did not offer before- or after-school care or that the available school was not close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some families have opted out of public school altogether or are waiting longer to enroll their kids, like when they are 6 years old. But there is still a gap of missing students, Melnick said, who are not enrolled in public school, private school or homeschooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988709\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-60-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Victor and Karina Buendia, along with their son Fabian, 3, pick up their daughter Galilea, 5, after a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We knew coming from the pandemic that enrollment across the country has fallen in preschool everywhere,” she said. “We simply don’t really know what’s happening with a lot of families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many parents, the Buendias worried about sending their 4-year-old to an elementary school and wondered if she would adapt to a structured school environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kind of skeptical,” Victor Buendia said. “At first, I was like, I don’t know how I feel about leaving my kid for long hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before starting TK, Galilea stayed home with her grandparents, which had its benefits, but she also spent a lot of time isolated from other kids during the pandemic. When she did see other kids, like at the park, she didn’t know how to interact with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Galilea will be off to kindergarten next fall, her parents are thrilled with the progress she’s made socially and academically and said enrolling her in TK was the right choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our case, [TK] was a great help,” Karina Buendia said. “Galilea turned 1 during COVID-19. She was struggling with socialization, so for us, she is getting the skills she needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting into school and getting there\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda mom, Jennifer Currier, said when she first heard about transitional kindergarten, signing up her daughter Kaia seemed like a no-brainer. She heard great things about Alameda’s public schools and enrolling could help them save the $2,000 monthly tuition they were paying for private preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, their neighborhood school did not offer TK, so they had to consider other schools in the district, some of which would require driving through “horrendous traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989660\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989660\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-43-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer and Steve Currier leave the house with their two children, Kaia, 5, and Kane, 2, in Alameda on June 10, before Steve takes the kids to camp and Jennifer leaves for work. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Only one Alameda school offering TK was a feasible distance away for Currier’s daughter, so landing a spot was crucial. She compared registration to securing tickets to the Coachella music festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last school year, 81% of school districts, county offices of education and charter schools reported offering TK at all of their elementary schools. In addition, 82% reported providing full-day classes, and sometimes alongside part-day classes, according to the state Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda Unified School District has taken a deliberately slow approach to implementing universal TK, said Tanya Harris, director for elementary education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has nine elementary schools but has added TK incrementally since the statewide expansion started. This fall, six of the district’s schools will offer TK before expanding to all or most of the schools by fall 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand has been high, with classes filling up to capacity each year, Harris said, but the district has not wanted to rush to add more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been nice to have the slower rollout to be really thoughtful and really find the right folks to be in the classroom,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Currier managed to enroll her daughter, the next step was figuring out transportation. Currier, an eye doctor, and her husband, an air traffic controller, need to be out of the house well before the kids start school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-37-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer and Steve Currier prepare their two children, Kaia, 5, and Kane, 2, for summer camp at their home in Alameda on June 10. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So they hired a morning nanny who ferries their daughter to school and their 3-year-old son to preschool. In the afternoon, their daughter stays on for after-school care. Even with paying for the morning nanny at $35 per hour and after-school care at $525 per month, the Curriers are saving about $800 a month on childcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the difficulties, Currier said she feels grateful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a really good fit for [Kaia] to be in TK because she was able to encounter lots of different people from different parts of Alameda,” she said. But she knows others may not be able to make the same choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hours [for TK] can be challenging for a lot of people,” she said. “My husband and I have talked about this a lot, how do people make it work?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials say they’re encouraged by increased enrollment to TK across all racial and ethnic groups because one of their goals is to provide equitable access to the state’s youngest learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s that overall hope that more and more families find access to high-quality, universal pre-K and that TK is one of those really strong options that’s available to them in a really good way in their community,” said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at the CDE. A mark of quality, she added, includes having children in the same neighborhood going to the same TK classroom, regardless of their family’s income level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s hard to compete with free’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For some parents, the high cost of child care drove them to choose TK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to compete with free,” said Alexis Ford, who lives in Concord and enrolled her son Mikey in TK last fall at the same school as Galilea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexis Ford works at a Head Start child care center, which serves low-income families, but couldn’t enroll her son there because her family’s earnings were above the eligibility requirement for the federal preschool program. Before TK, Mikey was cared for by his grandparents and went to a private preschool part-time because full-time care was too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989820\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989820\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKParentsDilemma-01-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mikey, 5, (right) works on an exercise with another student in a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At first, Ford said she was hesitant about making the transition to TK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could have afforded to send Mikey for full-time at St. Michael’s, we probably would have kept them there until kindergarten,” she said. “Preschool centers and family child care homes can offer a smaller group, more individualized care, for longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mikey was diagnosed with autism when he was three and now receives specialized services at school to help him with speech and other skills. So far, he’s done well in a regular classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pretty satisfied,” Ford said. “The plan is he will be here through eighth grade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some parents, the shifting eligibility deadlines for TK have created confusion. For this current school year, kids had to turn 4 by April 2. For the class entering this fall, the cut-off is June 2. And for the 2025-26 school year, the cut-off date will move for good to Sept. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Martinez of Concord said she feels like her daughter, Skye Ruiz, “fell through the TK cracks.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Skye was too young to enroll in TK last fall. This year, she’s eligible for kindergarten because she will be 5 by Sept. 1, but her mother is unsure if she’s ready. Skye has been attending a half-day program that is mostly play-based. It’s great, Martinez said but hasn’t provided her daughter much academic preparation for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez decided to enroll Skye in a private TK program at St. Mary’s, a Catholic School in Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she hopes the extra year will help Skye ease into school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to pay whatever I have to pay to make sure my kids get an acceptable education at this point,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole process of deciding on which school and which grade to start with was “very stressful,” Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not anticipate that at all,” she said. “These are the things you do not think about when you’re going to have a baby. Like, wow, I’m going to have to think about your whole academic career when you’re 4.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that her family has decided, she’s looking forward to her daughter starting school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just hopefully optimistic,” Martinez said, “that it’s the right place for my daughter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/daisynguyen\">\u003cem>Daisy Nguyen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed reporting for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-struggles-with-classroom-space-for-transitional-kindergarten",
"title": "California Struggles With Classroom Space For Transitional Kindergarten",
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"headTitle": "California Struggles With Classroom Space For Transitional Kindergarten | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen Thomas Pace, director of facilities at San Bernardino City Unified, thinks about all the construction that needs to happen at the schools in his district, he struggles to get the math to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the existing kindergarten classrooms don’t meet \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/kindergartenstandard.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">state standards\u003c/a>, and now, they’re preparing to layer in another grade for young children: transitional kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California embarked on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/09/california-roars-back-governor-newsom-signs-historic-education-package-to-reimagine-public-schools/\">$2.7 billion plan\u003c/a> to offer TK to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free pre-K program in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts across the state, like Pace’s, are struggling to build or modify the facilities most appropriate for these new young learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the rollout is expensive and hard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified is at the tail end of using $250 million in bond money the city raised over a decade ago for school improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the specialized space is highly expensive, and for those school districts that lack the local resources, we struggle to make those improvements on a grand scale,” Pace said. “So we were already struggling to catch up even in the kinder realm. Now, you add in a greater offering for TK, it just puts a larger burden on local school districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock-ups showing a planned new building and field hang on a fence in front of a construction site at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/title5regs.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">State requirements\u003c/a> for\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/em/kinderfaq.asp\"> new TK classrooms\u003c/a> (and kindergarten classrooms) are different than those of typical classrooms. Four-year-olds can’t just sit at desks all day. They also need space to play, indoors and outdoors. They also need supervision when going to the bathroom, which means having a restroom inside the classroom, or close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, 150 of the 190 early education classrooms don’t meet those standards, Pace said.[aside postID=news_11989465 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-27-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']An initial analysis of state data by the Learning Policy Institute, yet to be published, found most districts reported having classroom space for early learners, but a third expressed concerns about adequate facilities, including square footage, bathrooms and outdoor play areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, California expanded a\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OPSC/Services/Page-Content/Office-of-Public-School-Construction-Services-List-Folder/Access-Full-Day-Kindergarten-Facilities-Grant-Program-Funding\"> grant program\u003c/a> to help school districts build or renovate transitional kindergarten classrooms. Through two rounds of funding, the state has given out over $585 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that program requires school districts to be able to provide matching funds at the local level. And districts have asserted that the way funding is structured makes it harder for lower-resourced districts to get money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of classrooms that need to be modified,” Pace said. “We lack the local funding source to match, and we lack the state funding for it. So if the governor doesn’t continue to fund TK improvements to facilities, we are going to struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the governor, in his May revised budget, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/governor-newsom-budget-revise-money-for-transitional-kindergarten-classrooms\">cut more than half a billion dollars\u003c/a> for that program. Lawmakers are weighing putting a statewide bond on the ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of General Services said in its last filing round, $1.04 billion worth of requests were not funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/18298913/embed?auto=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why learning environments matter\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children gather around on a large colorful rug in the center of a TK classroom at Will Rogers Elementary in Santa Monica. The classroom has a wooden toddler play loft, puppets and toys and tiny-sized furniture for 4-year-olds. But it’s only about 900 square feet and doesn’t have a restroom inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space is important for young children because they learn through play, said Susan Samarge-Powell, director of early learning at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1536x1051.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Samarge-Powell, director of Child Development Services at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So rather than students sitting at a desk all day long, that’s not what our early learning environments are about,” she said. “It’s about moving around, they’re moving all day long. And so, having that space to afford them that ability is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said restrooms are also a big deal because four-year-olds don’t have quite the same bladder control as older kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have little bodies, they have to go to the bathroom often. With the older kids, we can say, we’re going before recess. But with littles, whenever they’re ready, you have to go. So, it’s a challenge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the other side of the elementary school, construction is underway to build new early learning classrooms that offer students an ideal environment — with their own play yard and bathrooms. District officials hope it’ll be ready by the summer of 2025, but the district won’t be finished with most of its other TK construction until 2026 or 2027, said Carey Upton, the district’s chief operations officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re playing catchup, and I think all school districts are,” Upton said. But Upton added his district, which includes Malibu, has the benefit of high-assessed property values and bond measures that tend to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works OK for school districts that have funding. It works really poorly for school districts that don’t who don’t have the money to front the costs,” Upton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should the state wait to expand TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/05/governor-newsom-signs-early-childhood-legislation-highlights-transformative-investments-in-early-learning/\">announced the expansion of TK in 2021\u003c/a>, officials said it would provide “high-quality learning opportunities” for every child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sara Hinkley, a program manager for the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools, said quality may vary based on ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989679\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1536x1006.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The transitional kindergarten classroom’s pet hamster at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you see that as being very uneven, then the idea of TK being a way to make up the difference between kids who have access to nice, expensive preschool experiences and kids whose families can’t afford to send them to those kinds of experiences — we’ve kind of missed the entire goal of the expanded program, and that would be a shame,” Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’ll also end up seeing is that local districts that can raise money locally, that can issue voter-approved general obligation bonds to retrofit these facilities, will have better educational environments for their very young kids,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAist reached out to Assemblymember Kevin McCarty, who authored the \u003ca href=\"https://a06.asmdc.org/universal-transitional-kindergarten\">expansion of transitional kindergarten\u003c/a>. His office said he was unable to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, professor emeritus at Vanderbilt University, said the state should wait to implement TK until schools have the appropriate spaces for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Kids] need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t in the classroom, for instance, or their lunch is in the cafeteria with older students, it leads to more “transition” time, she explained, with kids having to line up to go to the bathroom or walk down the hall. Not only does that lead to less learning time, but it also leads to teachers having to exert more behavioral control on kids, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of just waiting. And what happens with 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, is they get fidgety during all that wait time, right? And they may even start talking to a friend. And that leads teachers then to start what we call ‘behavior disapproval,’ Like, ‘Put a bubble in your mouth,’ or ‘I told you no talking in the hall,’” she said. “And so, children are hearing a lot more nos than they are hearing yeses. And that’s also not good for children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farran worked on a 2022 study in Tennessee that found that students who went to Tennessee’s public pre-K program had more behavior problems and lower test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not done right, she said: “It will solidify the inequity at an earlier age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state help besides money?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education said there are ways to make classrooms best suited for children, beyond the actual building. It’s advising local school districts on best practices — on how to arrange child-sized furniture and making classrooms appropriate for 4-year-olds. The department also has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caeducatorstogether.org/resources/124848/developmentally-appropriate-toileting-practices-toolkit-final\">toolkit for helping kids go to the bathroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t inside the classroom, teachers work with aides and other support staff to ensure they take kids to the restrooms in teams and developmentally appropriate ways, said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at CDE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989677\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An official holds mock-ups for future buildings currently under construction at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it goes far beyond what the school looks like now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/qa/transitional-kindergarten-qa-karen-manship\">American Institutes for Research\u003c/a> found children who attended TK in California had stronger literacy and math skills when entering kindergarten than kids who didn’t attend the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neville-Morgan also pointed to touring Boston preschools, where in one case, children had to go up a floor to use the restroom because they were in an older building. “But their outcomes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2021/05/18/997501946/the-case-for-universal-pre-k-just-got-stronger\">their results\u003c/a> from the Boston public schools, universal pre-K are phenomenal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said giving 4-year-olds access to transitional kindergarten will better set them up for success later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re investing in [universal TK] … to give more children those chances, those opportunities to later go out and have access to home ownership, to higher ed or for pathways that give them, not just a living wage, but a really good salary occupation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do districts without local funds do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified received some funding from the state grant program to help build an early learning center at the site of a high school. But that would just be for seven classrooms across a very large district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pace said the district didn’t apply for another round because they didn’t have enough local money to put up a match, which the state requires for the grants. There’s an exception for financial hardship, but that adds some limits on how money can be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989680\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instruction books are displayed inside a transitional kindergarten classroom. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s the inequitable part about the system — if you have the money, you can turn in [the applications],” Pace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana Unified School District applied for more than $23 million but hasn’t received any of it and the district is in the process of putting a bond in November. Leslie Barnes, associate superintendent of business services at Fontana Unified, said the district is looking to put TK classrooms in seven schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they haven’t slowed down the TK rollout, but yet aren’t providing the funding, we need to be available to provide that on our own,” Barnes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Reising, business services administrator with Long Beach Unified and chair of the Coalition for Adequate School Housing, said districts will be forced to re-prioritize their local dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disappointing because there’s such a demand out there for [the funding],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether or not we are ready for them, students are coming,” Reising said. “And so, we will do what we have done for decades, which is we will make do with what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year. KQED and LAist are teaming up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">on a series\u003c/a> examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen Thomas Pace, director of facilities at San Bernardino City Unified, thinks about all the construction that needs to happen at the schools in his district, he struggles to get the math to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the existing kindergarten classrooms don’t meet \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/kindergartenstandard.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">state standards\u003c/a>, and now, they’re preparing to layer in another grade for young children: transitional kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California embarked on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/09/california-roars-back-governor-newsom-signs-historic-education-package-to-reimagine-public-schools/\">$2.7 billion plan\u003c/a> to offer TK to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free pre-K program in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts across the state, like Pace’s, are struggling to build or modify the facilities most appropriate for these new young learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the rollout is expensive and hard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified is at the tail end of using $250 million in bond money the city raised over a decade ago for school improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the specialized space is highly expensive, and for those school districts that lack the local resources, we struggle to make those improvements on a grand scale,” Pace said. “So we were already struggling to catch up even in the kinder realm. Now, you add in a greater offering for TK, it just puts a larger burden on local school districts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKConstruction-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock-ups showing a planned new building and field hang on a fence in front of a construction site at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/fa/sf/title5regs.asp#:~:text=Kindergarten%20classroom%20size%20for%20permanent,all%20areas%20of%20the%20classroom.\">State requirements\u003c/a> for\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/em/kinderfaq.asp\"> new TK classrooms\u003c/a> (and kindergarten classrooms) are different than those of typical classrooms. Four-year-olds can’t just sit at desks all day. They also need space to play, indoors and outdoors. They also need supervision when going to the bathroom, which means having a restroom inside the classroom, or close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Bernardino, 150 of the 190 early education classrooms don’t meet those standards, Pace said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>An initial analysis of state data by the Learning Policy Institute, yet to be published, found most districts reported having classroom space for early learners, but a third expressed concerns about adequate facilities, including square footage, bathrooms and outdoor play areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, California expanded a\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OPSC/Services/Page-Content/Office-of-Public-School-Construction-Services-List-Folder/Access-Full-Day-Kindergarten-Facilities-Grant-Program-Funding\"> grant program\u003c/a> to help school districts build or renovate transitional kindergarten classrooms. Through two rounds of funding, the state has given out over $585 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that program requires school districts to be able to provide matching funds at the local level. And districts have asserted that the way funding is structured makes it harder for lower-resourced districts to get money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lots of classrooms that need to be modified,” Pace said. “We lack the local funding source to match, and we lack the state funding for it. So if the governor doesn’t continue to fund TK improvements to facilities, we are going to struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the governor, in his May revised budget, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/governor-newsom-budget-revise-money-for-transitional-kindergarten-classrooms\">cut more than half a billion dollars\u003c/a> for that program. Lawmakers are weighing putting a statewide bond on the ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of General Services said in its last filing round, $1.04 billion worth of requests were not funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/18298913/embed?auto=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why learning environments matter\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children gather around on a large colorful rug in the center of a TK classroom at Will Rogers Elementary in Santa Monica. The classroom has a wooden toddler play loft, puppets and toys and tiny-sized furniture for 4-year-olds. But it’s only about 900 square feet and doesn’t have a restroom inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Space is important for young children because they learn through play, said Susan Samarge-Powell, director of early learning at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1314\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKSamargePowell-1536x1051.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Samarge-Powell, director of Child Development Services at Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So rather than students sitting at a desk all day long, that’s not what our early learning environments are about,” she said. “It’s about moving around, they’re moving all day long. And so, having that space to afford them that ability is a big deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said restrooms are also a big deal because four-year-olds don’t have quite the same bladder control as older kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have little bodies, they have to go to the bathroom often. With the older kids, we can say, we’re going before recess. But with littles, whenever they’re ready, you have to go. So, it’s a challenge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the other side of the elementary school, construction is underway to build new early learning classrooms that offer students an ideal environment — with their own play yard and bathrooms. District officials hope it’ll be ready by the summer of 2025, but the district won’t be finished with most of its other TK construction until 2026 or 2027, said Carey Upton, the district’s chief operations officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re playing catchup, and I think all school districts are,” Upton said. But Upton added his district, which includes Malibu, has the benefit of high-assessed property values and bond measures that tend to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works OK for school districts that have funding. It works really poorly for school districts that don’t who don’t have the money to front the costs,” Upton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should the state wait to expand TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When state lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/05/governor-newsom-signs-early-childhood-legislation-highlights-transformative-investments-in-early-learning/\">announced the expansion of TK in 2021\u003c/a>, officials said it would provide “high-quality learning opportunities” for every child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sara Hinkley, a program manager for the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools, said quality may vary based on ZIP code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989679\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-800x524.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKClassWall-1536x1006.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The transitional kindergarten classroom’s pet hamster at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you see that as being very uneven, then the idea of TK being a way to make up the difference between kids who have access to nice, expensive preschool experiences and kids whose families can’t afford to send them to those kinds of experiences — we’ve kind of missed the entire goal of the expanded program, and that would be a shame,” Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’ll also end up seeing is that local districts that can raise money locally, that can issue voter-approved general obligation bonds to retrofit these facilities, will have better educational environments for their very young kids,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAist reached out to Assemblymember Kevin McCarty, who authored the \u003ca href=\"https://a06.asmdc.org/universal-transitional-kindergarten\">expansion of transitional kindergarten\u003c/a>. His office said he was unable to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, professor emeritus at Vanderbilt University, said the state should wait to implement TK until schools have the appropriate spaces for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Kids] need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t in the classroom, for instance, or their lunch is in the cafeteria with older students, it leads to more “transition” time, she explained, with kids having to line up to go to the bathroom or walk down the hall. Not only does that lead to less learning time, but it also leads to teachers having to exert more behavioral control on kids, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of just waiting. And what happens with 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, is they get fidgety during all that wait time, right? And they may even start talking to a friend. And that leads teachers then to start what we call ‘behavior disapproval,’ Like, ‘Put a bubble in your mouth,’ or ‘I told you no talking in the hall,’” she said. “And so, children are hearing a lot more nos than they are hearing yeses. And that’s also not good for children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farran worked on a 2022 study in Tennessee that found that students who went to Tennessee’s public pre-K program had more behavior problems and lower test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If not done right, she said: “It will solidify the inequity at an earlier age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state help besides money?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education said there are ways to make classrooms best suited for children, beyond the actual building. It’s advising local school districts on best practices — on how to arrange child-sized furniture and making classrooms appropriate for 4-year-olds. The department also has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caeducatorstogether.org/resources/124848/developmentally-appropriate-toileting-practices-toolkit-final\">toolkit for helping kids go to the bathroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When bathrooms aren’t inside the classroom, teachers work with aides and other support staff to ensure they take kids to the restrooms in teams and developmentally appropriate ways, said Sarah Neville-Morgan, deputy superintendent at CDE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989677\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKPersonHoldingFolder-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An official holds mock-ups for future buildings currently under construction at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think it goes far beyond what the school looks like now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/qa/transitional-kindergarten-qa-karen-manship\">American Institutes for Research\u003c/a> found children who attended TK in California had stronger literacy and math skills when entering kindergarten than kids who didn’t attend the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neville-Morgan also pointed to touring Boston preschools, where in one case, children had to go up a floor to use the restroom because they were in an older building. “But their outcomes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2021/05/18/997501946/the-case-for-universal-pre-k-just-got-stronger\">their results\u003c/a> from the Boston public schools, universal pre-K are phenomenal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said giving 4-year-olds access to transitional kindergarten will better set them up for success later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re investing in [universal TK] … to give more children those chances, those opportunities to later go out and have access to home ownership, to higher ed or for pathways that give them, not just a living wage, but a really good salary occupation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do districts without local funds do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified received some funding from the state grant program to help build an early learning center at the site of a high school. But that would just be for seven classrooms across a very large district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pace said the district didn’t apply for another round because they didn’t have enough local money to put up a match, which the state requires for the grants. There’s an exception for financial hardship, but that adds some limits on how money can be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989680\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/KindergartenBooks-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instruction books are displayed inside a transitional kindergarten classroom. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s the inequitable part about the system — if you have the money, you can turn in [the applications],” Pace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fontana Unified School District applied for more than $23 million but hasn’t received any of it and the district is in the process of putting a bond in November. Leslie Barnes, associate superintendent of business services at Fontana Unified, said the district is looking to put TK classrooms in seven schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they haven’t slowed down the TK rollout, but yet aren’t providing the funding, we need to be available to provide that on our own,” Barnes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Reising, business services administrator with Long Beach Unified and chair of the Coalition for Adequate School Housing, said districts will be forced to re-prioritize their local dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disappointing because there’s such a demand out there for [the funding],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether or not we are ready for them, students are coming,” Reising said. “And so, we will do what we have done for decades, which is we will make do with what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Teacher Shortage Hinders Transitional Kindergarten and Bilingual Education Goals",
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"headTitle": "California Teacher Shortage Hinders Transitional Kindergarten and Bilingual Education Goals | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free preschool program in the country. KQED and LAist are teaming up on a series examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or students in the transitional kindergarten classroom at Oakland’s International Community Elementary School, the day is split in half. They spend their mornings speaking and learning Spanish from teacher Cintya Valdivia. After lunch, they learn everything in English from teacher Sophie Siebert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the school year began, the 4- and 5-year-olds dreaded switching to English, Seibert said. The school is in Fruitvale, home to the city’s largest Latin American immigrant community, and with many students speaking Spanish or a Mayan language called Mam at home, they were not yet comfortable with English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the end of the year, assessments showed that the students were picking up a lot of English, Seibert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student she called her “favorite, rebellious Venezuelan kid” often avoided talking to her by saying, “I can’t speak English, Miss.” He wound up passing his assessments with flying colors, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just looked at him like, ‘OK, you can’t understand me? You did pretty well, bilingual genius,’” Seibert said. “And so, it’s really cool to see their confidence grow in another language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles as she plays with students at an outdoor play gym slide\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Sophie Seiberth speaks with transitional kindergarten students during recess at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Valdivia said the Spanish-speaking students’ vocabulary grew in their native language, and their sentence structures became more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdivia and Siebert’s classroom is a model of California’s effort to boost bilingual education while it also works to make transitional kindergarten available to all 4-year-olds by next fall. School districts are offering TK classes in Spanish, Vietnamese, Korean and other languages that reflect the linguistic diversity of their community and to seize upon the window when young learners are most open to language development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have a lot of catching up to do: California\u003ca href=\"https://tcf.org/content/report/moving-from-vision-to-reality-establishing-california-as-a-national-bilingual-education-and-dual-language-immersion-leader/\"> is behind other states\u003c/a> when it comes to investing in bilingual education and enrolling English learners in dual-language immersion programs, experts said, and the state may not have enough teachers to reach its big goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988062\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young student stands and raises her hand in class as other students around her remain seated in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are enormous numbers of dual language learners in California, and taking advantage of those children’s languages and helping them develop them fully is going to be a really big lift,” said Conor Williams, a researcher at The Century Foundation who examined the state’s bilingual education policies. “Could the state do more? Absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, nearly 60% of children under the age of 6 live in homes where a language other than English is spoken, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-nciip_dll-fact-sheet2022_ca-final.pdf\">an analysis of U.S Census data\u003c/a>. [aside postID=news_11979071 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240309-EARLY-START-DEVELOPMENTAL-DELAYS-MD-02-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/blog-post/how-expanding-transitional-kindergarten-california-can-benefit-dual-language\">A five-year study shows\u003c/a> these dual language learners, who are more likely to live in low-income households, benefit the most from a year of transitional kindergarten. When they get to kindergarten, they’re ahead of their peers in math and literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, we hear, ‘Oh, if they want to learn English, we need to get them in English classrooms,’ but actually, the opposite is true,” said Carolyne Crolotte, who promotes dual language learner programs for Early Edge California. “If children have a very strong foundation in their home language, they actually learn English more easily.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts across the state are promoting the value of bilingualism. In Oakland, parents can attend district-sponsored presentations on how to keep a child’s home language alive so they don’t lose it when they start going to school. In Los Angeles County, billboards and bus stop benches are plastered with the message “two languages, twice the opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a dramatic shift in public attitude and policy toward bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, California voters passed Proposition 227, which limited bilingual education in public schools. Backers of the measure were worried bilingual instruction was delaying dual language learners’ ability to read, write and speak English because they were spending too much time learning in their home language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11146643/the-return-of-bilingual-education-in-california\">voters overturned that policy\u003c/a>, paving the way for language immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by that time, the damage was done. Proposition 227 dismantled bilingual teacher training programs, Crolotte said, and now school districts struggle to find qualified teachers as the demand for language immersion programs grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a challenge trying to get teachers back into the classroom and then also to get new bilingual teachers to fill these classrooms,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage affects all grades, but is particularly acute at the TK level because each classroom needs more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988071\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl reads a bilingual exercise book at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reads a book in English and Spanish in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state sets the average class size for transitional kindergarten at 24, with one adult for every 12 students to ensure they receive enough attention and supervision — two marks of a high-quality early childhood education program. By the 2025–26 school year, the demand for teachers will be greater as the state lowers the average class size to 20, or one adult for every 10 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, school districts and charter schools surveyed by the California Department of Education said they’re having a hard time finding fully credentialed teachers to teach TK by the 2025–26 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agencies also had challenges hiring assistant teachers to maintain adult-child ratios, resulting in a 12% vacancy rate for the position at the beginning of the 2022–23 school year. That number slightly improved to 8% by the middle of that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These positions are some of the most difficult to staff because pay is lower, and often those positions are part-day,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute, who analyzed the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988057\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles in a classroom as a line of young children line up in front of her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Cintya Valdivia prepares to take transitional kindergarten students outside for recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sample audit of school districts found that at least 20 school districts and 50 charter schools failed to comply with the TK class size requirement and/or adult-to-child ratio in the 2022–23 year when the four-year expansion began. These districts and charter schools faced fines ranging from $1,706 to nearly $7 million, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/these-districts-charters-were-fined-for-violating-tk-requirements/712207\">according to a report by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts blamed the problem on a nationwide teacher shortage and difficulty hiring assistant teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California invested $25 million to address the shortage to prepare teachers to work in dual-language classroom settings. As part of the TK expansion, the state also invested hundreds of millions of dollars to increase the number of early educators in TK and the California State Preschool Program, which serves income-eligible 3- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state is missing out on \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/publications/data-snapshot/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\">a valuable source of teachers\u003c/a>: those who already have experience working with 4-year-olds in private and nonprofit child care settings and may already have met some of the requirements for a teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl looks at a bilingual calendar on a classroom wall\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on a language exercise in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also point out that women of color and immigrant women form the backbone of the early child care workforce, and by easing their way into the TK classrooms, they could better reflect the diversity of the student body and improve their wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to young children, you come to work with your entire heart and your full emotional self. That requires training and experience, and just having more education [from a credentialing program] isn’t going to create that,” said Krystell Guzman, co-director of La Plazita Preschool, a private preschool chain in Oakland and San Leandro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said most 4-year-old students are leaving her program to attend the Spanish immersion TK classes at OUSD, leaving her to scramble to preserve jobs for the immigrant women on her staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for racial equity in public education support \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1106/id/2829894\">a bill by Central Valley Assemblymember Esmeralda Soria\u003c/a> that would incentivize educators already in the early learning and care field to train to become TK teachers. Offering stipends, child care, transportation and academic support to those educators — many of whom already have bachelor’s degrees — would give them a boost as they pursue their credential, said Natalie Wheatfall-Lum, director of TK–12 policy at EdTrust-West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988066\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988066\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two young students, photographed from above, work on an exercise at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that being in a culturally and linguistically affirming environment and being taught by culturally and linguistically diverse educators is an effective equity strategy — that’s part of what ‘quality’ means,” she said. “So we want families to be able to choose TK without having to compromise on quality — including a space where they feel welcomed and can see themselves represented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education is responding to this concern by advising educators that even when they don’t speak their student’s home language, they can learn a few words or provide books that recognize the child’s home language. This recommendation will be included in a new edition of the Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations, which the department will release this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts like Oakland Unified are partnering with a local college to recruit new teachers and offering financial aid to current staff who want to work in TK classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibert received an emergency permit through the district to co-teach the dual immersion TK classroom at International Community Elementary School while she earned her credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young children in the foreground work on an exercise as a bilingual alphabet hangs on the wall of a classroom behind them\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 29-year-old has experience working at a private preschool but said she was drawn to the statewide effort to provide free early education for all children. She said working side-by-side with Valdivia, and getting additional support from a classroom aide, gave her a chance to hone her teaching skills and provide one-on-one support to the students who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was to help students get used to the routines of the school day, learn to solve problems and collaborate with their peers — skills that she said would help them succeed in kindergarten and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are key goals we’re trying to reach. All the letter recognition, rhyming skills and counting are just like the icing on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knows she’s fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the district won’t have enough funding to put two teachers and an aide in one classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "California Teacher Shortage Hinders Transitional Kindergarten and Bilingual Education Goals | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>California is in the middle of an ambitious plan to offer transitional kindergarten to all 4-year-olds by the 2025–26 school year in what’s poised to be the largest free preschool program in the country. KQED and LAist are teaming up on a series examining the challenges the state faces as it tries to add a new grade to its sprawling public school system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>or students in the transitional kindergarten classroom at Oakland’s International Community Elementary School, the day is split in half. They spend their mornings speaking and learning Spanish from teacher Cintya Valdivia. After lunch, they learn everything in English from teacher Sophie Siebert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the school year began, the 4- and 5-year-olds dreaded switching to English, Seibert said. The school is in Fruitvale, home to the city’s largest Latin American immigrant community, and with many students speaking Spanish or a Mayan language called Mam at home, they were not yet comfortable with English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the end of the year, assessments showed that the students were picking up a lot of English, Seibert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student she called her “favorite, rebellious Venezuelan kid” often avoided talking to her by saying, “I can’t speak English, Miss.” He wound up passing his assessments with flying colors, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just looked at him like, ‘OK, you can’t understand me? You did pretty well, bilingual genius,’” Seibert said. “And so, it’s really cool to see their confidence grow in another language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles as she plays with students at an outdoor play gym slide\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-55-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Sophie Seiberth speaks with transitional kindergarten students during recess at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Valdivia said the Spanish-speaking students’ vocabulary grew in their native language, and their sentence structures became more complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdivia and Siebert’s classroom is a model of California’s effort to boost bilingual education while it also works to make transitional kindergarten available to all 4-year-olds by next fall. School districts are offering TK classes in Spanish, Vietnamese, Korean and other languages that reflect the linguistic diversity of their community and to seize upon the window when young learners are most open to language development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have a lot of catching up to do: California\u003ca href=\"https://tcf.org/content/report/moving-from-vision-to-reality-establishing-california-as-a-national-bilingual-education-and-dual-language-immersion-leader/\"> is behind other states\u003c/a> when it comes to investing in bilingual education and enrolling English learners in dual-language immersion programs, experts said, and the state may not have enough teachers to reach its big goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988062\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young student stands and raises her hand in class as other students around her remain seated in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-98-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are enormous numbers of dual language learners in California, and taking advantage of those children’s languages and helping them develop them fully is going to be a really big lift,” said Conor Williams, a researcher at The Century Foundation who examined the state’s bilingual education policies. “Could the state do more? Absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, nearly 60% of children under the age of 6 live in homes where a language other than English is spoken, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-nciip_dll-fact-sheet2022_ca-final.pdf\">an analysis of U.S Census data\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.air.org/resource/blog-post/how-expanding-transitional-kindergarten-california-can-benefit-dual-language\">A five-year study shows\u003c/a> these dual language learners, who are more likely to live in low-income households, benefit the most from a year of transitional kindergarten. When they get to kindergarten, they’re ahead of their peers in math and literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes, we hear, ‘Oh, if they want to learn English, we need to get them in English classrooms,’ but actually, the opposite is true,” said Carolyne Crolotte, who promotes dual language learner programs for Early Edge California. “If children have a very strong foundation in their home language, they actually learn English more easily.”\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts across the state are promoting the value of bilingualism. In Oakland, parents can attend district-sponsored presentations on how to keep a child’s home language alive so they don’t lose it when they start going to school. In Los Angeles County, billboards and bus stop benches are plastered with the message “two languages, twice the opportunities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a dramatic shift in public attitude and policy toward bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, California voters passed Proposition 227, which limited bilingual education in public schools. Backers of the measure were worried bilingual instruction was delaying dual language learners’ ability to read, write and speak English because they were spending too much time learning in their home language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11146643/the-return-of-bilingual-education-in-california\">voters overturned that policy\u003c/a>, paving the way for language immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by that time, the damage was done. Proposition 227 dismantled bilingual teacher training programs, Crolotte said, and now school districts struggle to find qualified teachers as the demand for language immersion programs grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a challenge trying to get teachers back into the classroom and then also to get new bilingual teachers to fill these classrooms,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage affects all grades, but is particularly acute at the TK level because each classroom needs more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988071\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl reads a bilingual exercise book at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-130-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student reads a book in English and Spanish in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state sets the average class size for transitional kindergarten at 24, with one adult for every 12 students to ensure they receive enough attention and supervision — two marks of a high-quality early childhood education program. By the 2025–26 school year, the demand for teachers will be greater as the state lowers the average class size to 20, or one adult for every 10 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, school districts and charter schools surveyed by the California Department of Education said they’re having a hard time finding fully credentialed teachers to teach TK by the 2025–26 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agencies also had challenges hiring assistant teachers to maintain adult-child ratios, resulting in a 12% vacancy rate for the position at the beginning of the 2022–23 school year. That number slightly improved to 8% by the middle of that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These positions are some of the most difficult to staff because pay is lower, and often those positions are part-day,” said Hanna Melnick, senior policy advisor at the Learning Policy Institute, who analyzed the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988057\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher smiles in a classroom as a line of young children line up in front of her\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-45-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Cintya Valdivia prepares to take transitional kindergarten students outside for recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sample audit of school districts found that at least 20 school districts and 50 charter schools failed to comply with the TK class size requirement and/or adult-to-child ratio in the 2022–23 year when the four-year expansion began. These districts and charter schools faced fines ranging from $1,706 to nearly $7 million, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/these-districts-charters-were-fined-for-violating-tk-requirements/712207\">according to a report by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts blamed the problem on a nationwide teacher shortage and difficulty hiring assistant teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California invested $25 million to address the shortage to prepare teachers to work in dual-language classroom settings. As part of the TK expansion, the state also invested hundreds of millions of dollars to increase the number of early educators in TK and the California State Preschool Program, which serves income-eligible 3- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the state is missing out on \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/publications/data-snapshot/early-educators-equipped-to-teach-tk/\">a valuable source of teachers\u003c/a>: those who already have experience working with 4-year-olds in private and nonprofit child care settings and may already have met some of the requirements for a teaching credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young girl looks at a bilingual calendar on a classroom wall\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-107-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on a language exercise in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They also point out that women of color and immigrant women form the backbone of the early child care workforce, and by easing their way into the TK classrooms, they could better reflect the diversity of the student body and improve their wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to young children, you come to work with your entire heart and your full emotional self. That requires training and experience, and just having more education [from a credentialing program] isn’t going to create that,” said Krystell Guzman, co-director of La Plazita Preschool, a private preschool chain in Oakland and San Leandro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said most 4-year-old students are leaving her program to attend the Spanish immersion TK classes at OUSD, leaving her to scramble to preserve jobs for the immigrant women on her staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for racial equity in public education support \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1106/id/2829894\">a bill by Central Valley Assemblymember Esmeralda Soria\u003c/a> that would incentivize educators already in the early learning and care field to train to become TK teachers. Offering stipends, child care, transportation and academic support to those educators — many of whom already have bachelor’s degrees — would give them a boost as they pursue their credential, said Natalie Wheatfall-Lum, director of TK–12 policy at EdTrust-West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988066\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988066\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two young students, photographed from above, work on an exercise at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-113-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that being in a culturally and linguistically affirming environment and being taught by culturally and linguistically diverse educators is an effective equity strategy — that’s part of what ‘quality’ means,” she said. “So we want families to be able to choose TK without having to compromise on quality — including a space where they feel welcomed and can see themselves represented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education is responding to this concern by advising educators that even when they don’t speak their student’s home language, they can learn a few words or provide books that recognize the child’s home language. This recommendation will be included in a new edition of the Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations, which the department will release this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts like Oakland Unified are partnering with a local college to recruit new teachers and offering financial aid to current staff who want to work in TK classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibert received an emergency permit through the district to co-teach the dual immersion TK classroom at International Community Elementary School while she earned her credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young children in the foreground work on an exercise as a bilingual alphabet hangs on the wall of a classroom behind them\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-123-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on language exercises in a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 29-year-old has experience working at a private preschool but said she was drawn to the statewide effort to provide free early education for all children. She said working side-by-side with Valdivia, and getting additional support from a classroom aide, gave her a chance to hone her teaching skills and provide one-on-one support to the students who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was to help students get used to the routines of the school day, learn to solve problems and collaborate with their peers — skills that she said would help them succeed in kindergarten and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are key goals we’re trying to reach. All the letter recognition, rhyming skills and counting are just like the icing on top,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knows she’s fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the district won’t have enough funding to put two teachers and an aide in one classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Judge Orders Temporary Halt to UC Academic Workers' Strike Over War in Gaza",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of academic workers on strike at the University of California were ordered by a state judge on Friday to temporarily cease their weekslong strike over the war in Gaza — a decision that a UC Irvine law professor described as setting a ‘dangerous’ precedent for California labor law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County Superior Court Judge Randall J. Sherman issued the emergency restraining order after UC lawyers argued that the ongoing strike would cause irreversible harm as students are nearing finals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university system sued United Auto Workers Local 4811 on Tuesday even though both sides have competing unfair practice labor claims pending before the California Public Employment Relations Board (PERB), which declined twice to issue an emergency injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union, which represents 48,000 graduate students who work as teaching assistants, tutors, researchers and other academic employees on the 10-campus UC system, started its \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/uc-strike-palestine-protests-gaza-e31f9318cfe966d7541a92184642b9e4\">strike on May 20 in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>. The strike has since \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/university-of-california-student-workers-strike-bb95380f005e410709aded5b56efc981\">expanded to UC campuses in Davis, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, Irvine, Santa Barbara and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Matella, associate vice president for labor relations, expressed gratitude for the order, saying in a statement that the ongoing strike would have set back students’ learning and possibly stalled critical research projects. Officials say the strike is unrelated to employment terms and violates the union’s contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the union said it is protesting the treatment of its members, some of whom were arrested and forcibly ejected by police \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466\">in demonstrations calling for an end\u003c/a> to the war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Gross, a UC Santa Cruz graduate student and union leader, said Friday they are surveying rank-and-file workers on how to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The struggle is not over,” she said. “It really hasn’t been confirmed yet … that what we’re doing here is illegal in any way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">UC Irvine law professor Veena Dubal, who teaches employment and labor law, said \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that the Superior Court judge should have left the decision to PERB.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue was alive, still at the agency, and the judge ignored that,” said Dubal in an interview with KQED on Saturday. “I think that more and more employers will feel emboldened to not defer to the agency and go straight to court where they’re more likely to get the things that they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it does whittle away at the authority of PERB, which is quite dangerous for the soundness of labor law in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 1, police in riot gear ordered the dispersal of more than a thousand people gathered on campus to support Palestine and warned that those who refused to leave would face arrest. The night before, police had waited to intervene as counter-protesters attacked the pro-Palestinian encampment, causing injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian protests have roiled campuses across the U.S. and in Europe as students demand their universities \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-divestment-transparency-616b5d9d78e90bd478d6b5e2ee50164c\">stop doing business\u003c/a> with Israel or companies that support its war efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-stanford-israel-gaza-f1ec47dcac1b55839e96b5442ebcf00d\">protesters at Stanford University\u003c/a> after they occupied the office of the school president for several hours on Wednesday. Officials said demonstrators caused extensive vandalism inside and outside the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Attila Pelit and Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union, which represents 48,000 graduate students who work as teaching assistants, tutors, researchers and other academic employees on the 10-campus UC system, started its \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/uc-strike-palestine-protests-gaza-e31f9318cfe966d7541a92184642b9e4\">strike on May 20 in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>. The strike has since \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/university-of-california-student-workers-strike-bb95380f005e410709aded5b56efc981\">expanded to UC campuses in Davis, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, Irvine, Santa Barbara and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Matella, associate vice president for labor relations, expressed gratitude for the order, saying in a statement that the ongoing strike would have set back students’ learning and possibly stalled critical research projects. Officials say the strike is unrelated to employment terms and violates the union’s contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the union said it is protesting the treatment of its members, some of whom were arrested and forcibly ejected by police \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466\">in demonstrations calling for an end\u003c/a> to the war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Gross, a UC Santa Cruz graduate student and union leader, said Friday they are surveying rank-and-file workers on how to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The struggle is not over,” she said. “It really hasn’t been confirmed yet … that what we’re doing here is illegal in any way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">UC Irvine law professor Veena Dubal, who teaches employment and labor law, said \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that the Superior Court judge should have left the decision to PERB.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue was alive, still at the agency, and the judge ignored that,” said Dubal in an interview with KQED on Saturday. “I think that more and more employers will feel emboldened to not defer to the agency and go straight to court where they’re more likely to get the things that they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it does whittle away at the authority of PERB, which is quite dangerous for the soundness of labor law in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 1, police in riot gear ordered the dispersal of more than a thousand people gathered on campus to support Palestine and warned that those who refused to leave would face arrest. The night before, police had waited to intervene as counter-protesters attacked the pro-Palestinian encampment, causing injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian protests have roiled campuses across the U.S. and in Europe as students demand their universities \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-divestment-transparency-616b5d9d78e90bd478d6b5e2ee50164c\">stop doing business\u003c/a> with Israel or companies that support its war efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-stanford-israel-gaza-f1ec47dcac1b55839e96b5442ebcf00d\">protesters at Stanford University\u003c/a> after they occupied the office of the school president for several hours on Wednesday. Officials said demonstrators caused extensive vandalism inside and outside the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Attila Pelit and Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-schools-police-calls-shed-light-on-student-safety-concerns",
"title": "California Schools' Police Calls Shed Light on Student Safety Concerns",
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"headTitle": "California Schools’ Police Calls Shed Light on Student Safety Concerns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This is the first in a continuing investigation into school policing in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Middle schooler allegedly attacks classmate twice, choking him severely. Police recommend attempted murder charges to district attorney.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>School staff calls police to report squirrel with injured leg in school courtyard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Unknown man in swimsuit briefs adorned with Australian flag trespassing at high school pool. Lifeguard sees a man follow boys 9 and 12, into the locker room. Man strips, pulls back the shower curtain to see the boy and asks: “Does this make you uncomfortable?” Man flees. Police list indecent exposure and lewd acts as possible offenses.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Officer dispatched to investigate ringing school alarm. Burnt English muffin found in teachers’ lounge. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Crescent City, Weed and Alturas in the far north to Calexico and El Cajon nearly 800 miles south, all along the Pacific Coast, across the sprawling Central Valley and up into the High Sierra and down into the Mojave Desert, police are dispatched to California schools thousands of times on any given day classes are in session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reasons are myriad: Students bringing guns and knives — and even a spear and a bow and arrow — to school, sexual assaults and “perversion reports” and fights. Then there are lost keys, malfunctioning alarms, and dogs — even cattle — loose on school grounds. Once, police were called for help with a swarm of bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cops rush to reports of students attempting suicide and overdosing on drugs, bullying, sexual assault and unwanted touching. They surveil high schoolers leaving campuses for lunch. They break up fights between parents over spots in elementary school pickup queues. They haul drunken adults from the stands at school sporting events. They once investigated a teacher’s claim that someone stole $10,000 from her classroom desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the call logs capture the anguish of youngsters with mental health challenges, victims whose nude photos are showing up on social media for all to see and parents turning to school administrators to deal with it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such details emerged from \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly 46,000 police call logs and dispatch records EdSource obtained\u003c/a> from 164 law enforcement agencies in 57 of California’s 58 counties as part of a sweeping statewide investigation into school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data offered a raw, first-blush look at why school staff summon cops, reasons that sometimes lead to juvenile and adult arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101905485,news_11987651\" label=\"Related Stories\"]All incidents included in the police logs largely remain out of public view due to state laws that shield juveniles and allow police to withhold information on investigations. As a result, the data collected as a representative sample of the state is also clearly an undercount of what routinely occurs in California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EdSource analysis found that nearly a third of all calls for police were for incidents deemed serious. After consulting police experts, EdSource tagged the data with a definition for serious incidents as those that reasonably required a police presence. Included among serious incidents are those tagged as violent, which include anything involving a violent act, including self-harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The share of serious incidents increases to 4 out of 10 when police patrols are set aside. They make up about a third of all records, but most have little detail on what police were doing at or near the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis also showed that high school students in districts with their own police departments are policed at a higher rate than in districts that rely on municipal police and sheriffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School police calls across California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years after Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin murdered George Floyd, igniting a national revolt and the defund-the-police movement, only about 20 of California’s 977 public school districts made significant changes to school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most that acted ended contracts with municipal police departments to post cops — commonly called school resource officers — in schools. And three districts that made changes reversed course and brought police back after short hiatuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EdSource’s investigation sampled records showing calls from and about schools to city and school district police departments and county sheriffs. In some cases, officers stationed in schools dispatch themselves to a problem by radioing their dispatcher. Schools without campus police often call 911. Typically, police record their activity as “patrol” or “school check,” vague descriptions that raise questions about the use of public resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever a school resource officer ran along a corridor, one hand on a radio microphone, or a sheriff’s deputy raced along a country road with lights and sirens on to reach a distant rural school, they contributed to what data showed is a vast, continuing police presence in California’s pre-K to 12 public education, EdSource found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records resurfaced a debate lingering years after Floyd’s killing about how much policing schools need and if deploying armed officers does more harm than good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly to police debates at the municipal level, school policing can be polarizing. Across California, the issue emerges as a political divide, with some seeing the police as necessary to ensure safety and others seeing them as agents of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the ACLU of Southern California issued a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/no_police_in_schools_-_report_-_aclu_-_082421.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scathing report\u003c/a> that recommended an end to school policing in the Golden State, calling it “discriminatory, costly, and counterproductive.” In schools with regularly assigned cops, students across “all groups” were more likely to be arrested or referred to law enforcement, researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2020 University of Maryland study published in the journal Criminology and Public Policy, found school districts that increased policing through federal grants “did not increase school safety.” Researchers recommended improving safety through “the many alternatives” to police in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, school policing is “a structure. It’s part of the budgets, it’s part of the vocabulary of the schools. It’s part of what the expectation is from the parents and the students,” said Southwestern Law School professor Jyoti Nandam, who has researched school policing for 25 years and calls it “completely unnecessary,” adding, America is the lone civilized country where it is practiced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural California, school policing is seen as routine, allowing students to become “comfortable interacting with someone in a uniform, wearing a badge, and carrying a gun, so that as they grew older, they see those people as a friendly face, a resource that they could go to as opposed to someone that they should be afraid of,” Tulare County School Superintendent Tim Hire told EdSource. The practice is spreading in Tulare, where three small districts recently agreed to share a resource officer to travel among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such decisions are often couched as safety matters, a vigilant effort to prevent the next school shooting and avoid the failure of Uvalde, Texas police to stop the gunman who slaughtered 19 students and two teachers in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state Assemblymember Bill Essayli (R-Riverside) introduced legislation in February to require an armed police officer in each public school with more than 50 students, he described the need in base terms: “We need good guys and girls with guns, ready to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essayli’s idea is “a step backward,” Assembly Education Committee member Mia Bonta (D-Alameda) said at a hearing where the bill died in April. “We know it to be true that there’s a disproportionate impact on Black and brown students when police officers are in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A matter of local control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Education offers no guidance or best practices, calling policing a local matter, a spokesperson said. There’s little consistency statewide in whether police are deployed in schools. Nineteen school districts have their own police departments, including Los Angeles United, which refused to release its police call data, some with only a handful of officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified cut its police department’s budget by 35% in 2020 and banned officers from being posted in schools. Following reports of escalating violence, the district recently reinstated police to two schools through mid-June. Superintendent Alberto Carvalho had informed the school board that he was planning to return police to 20 schools, but he got community and trustee backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified disbanded its police department in favor of non-police staffers to keep peace in schools and respond to emergencies. Principals were trained on when to call city police only as a last resort. Still, data shows eight of the district’s 18 traditional middle and high schools combined to call city police 225 times, with nearly half of them serious, between Jan. 15 and June 30, 2023. Reasons include assault with a deadly weapon, suicide attempts, battery and terrorist/criminal threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired Long Beach and San Diego school Superintendent Carl Cohn, who served on the California State Board of Education from 2011 to 2018, said Oakland’s model of deploying people to talk students through peaceful resolutions of disputes can work. In the early 1990s, he ran the Long Beach schools anti-gang task force, hiring people with “street cred,” including former gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They “could stop instantly what was going on on a campus by their mere presence,” Cohn said. “Their credibility with youngsters that might be on the verge of gang affiliation was really powerful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Cohn’s “not on board with this notion of ‘let’s abandon the school police altogether.’ It’s the type of thing where ultimately there’s enough bad things from time to time happening that the safety of children has to be front and center.” Police must be well-trained, and school officials must cooperate with them, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shutting down the Oakland Unified police department of 11 officers and changing its policing culture is tough and ongoing, said a leader of a racial justice group that pushed for the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still the ideology of policing that exists on campus and is embedded in the infrastructure of schools that we’re also up against,” said Jessica Black, a Black Organizing Project activist. “The criminalization of young people, implicit bias, and anti-Black racist practices” still need to be confronted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only after Floyd’s murder that Dr. Tony Moos, a physician, learned that her four children, who had each attended high school in the affluent Santa Clara County city of Los Altos, had “negative interactions” with school resources officers “that they’d kept to themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moos was motivated to act and got the city to examine school police practices and make changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearings that included a Black high school teacher saying a resource officer had once pushed her to the ground, the city pulled police from the high school. The city also replaced its police chief in 2022. The new hire, a Black woman, came with much-needed experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Out of public view\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California law grants police-wide powers to withhold documents, including investigatory records, requested under the Public Records Act without revealing how many such records are being withheld. Many departments withheld from EdSource some — or even all — of the school calls they received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same is true about what information police can reveal in news releases or public statements about individual school incidents, especially involving juveniles. The public is often then not informed about police activity in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the serious incidents — weapons, death threats, rapes, assaults, fights, drugs — that police are responding to in 3 out of 10 calls often remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police in Crescent City, Del Norte County, for example, didn’t release information about the attempted murder of a student at Crescent Elk Middle School by a classmate who allegedly repeatedly choked him on Jan. 23, 2023, until EdSource asked about the incident more than a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When EdSource asked police in Avenal, Kings County to elaborate on a call record of a late-night report of “shots fired” at the city’s high school, a lawyer responded claiming the information was exempt from disclosure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that (the exemptions) apply to virtually everything law enforcement does. They never expire. So, every police report is potentially covered by the investigatory records exemption,” said David Loy, legal director of the First Amendment Coalition, an open government group. The lack of disclosure of police activity in schools makes it all the harder to determine what the correct level of policing should be, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the importance of the issue, the lack of information is troubling, Loy said. The debate over school policing “should be held on the basis of full and complete data and not driven by anecdote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A day of policing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The one-day record of police responding to a school for serious incidents was 10, the data sample shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was May 17, 2023, at \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/15737421531367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burroughs High School\u003c/a> in the Sierra Sands Unified School District in Ridgecrest, a desert city of 28,000 in eastern Kern County near Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first occurred at 8:38 a.m. when a school resource officer arrested a student for battery and released him to his parents. District Assistant Superintendent Brian Auld, who’s in charge of security, told EdSource the student “didn’t even go to the police station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was followed at 9:09 a.m. by reports of two students who appeared to be under the influence of drugs. They were evaluated and returned to class. Another report of two students apparently under the influence came in at 10:26 a.m. One student was impaired and released to their parents, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 10 minutes later, the resource officer responded to a student in “mental distress” who was taken for a psychological evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 1:23 p.m., police were alerted to a terrorist threat that ended up involving a student threatening to beat up someone, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 minutes later, two girls began fighting in art class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One grabbed what Auld called “an art project” — apparently a ceramic object — and allegedly swung it at the other girl’s head. Police called it assault with a deadly weapon, arresting the aggressor. “Deadly weapon sounds like a knife or a gun. The officer made the decision that (the object) could have done serious bodily harm,” Auld said. “I’m not downplaying it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 3:14 p.m. a report of disturbing the peace came in. No details were provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 10:26 p.m., a vandalism report to the police turned out to be benign — police found that soon-to-graduate seniors had decorated the school with toilet paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ridgecrest is “a unique, isolated community” near a military base. The school district considers its relationship with the police as a successful partnership, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials “have some, or even total, discretion regarding whether or not an arrest is made,” he added. The district has 15 counselors, mental health therapists and a registered behavioral therapist, Auld said. It’s also implementing restorative practices and social-emotional learning to “change behaviors before they result in suspensions, expulsions and arrests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Kings of calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most total call and dispatch records in the data for one school that relies on calling 911 was \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/16639821635606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lemoore High School\u003c/a>, in Lemoore, a city of 26,600 in Kings County with 471 calls over a nearly six-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemoore police, which refers to school police as youth development officers, provided scant detail on the reasons for the calls, listing hundreds in records as premises checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Lt. Alvaro Santos, who supervises Lemoore’s school policing, attributed the numbers to the department’s practice of having all available officers “drop what they’re doing” during the times students arrive at school and leave for lunch and later go home, basically surrounding the buildings, some on side streets out of view of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re around the school. They could be either parked on a side street or they could be driving by looking for vehicle code violations or anything that would pose a danger to the students,” Santos said. He said the schools are near a main road through the city and that there are concerns about drunk drivers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More serious calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sampled data shows that middle schools have a higher rate of serious incidents reported to police than high schools. At \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/41689990136093\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, in East Palo Alto, 41% of calls to police reported violent incidents, threats and sexual misconduct, data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of two calls that East Palo Alto police labeled “perversion report,” a student allegedly used a phone to make “a TikTok” of another girl using the restroom, according to a recording of a heavily redacted 911 call to police from a school official. Police refused to release any details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/10621660129338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gaston Middle School\u003c/a> is in a neighborhood plagued by violence, gangs and drugs, all of which follow students through the school doors, both police and Fresno Unified Superintendent Bob Nelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2528px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989267\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A police vehicle is parked on dirt with children playing basketball in the background.\" width=\"2528\" height=\"1604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM.png 2528w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-800x508.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1020x647.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1536x975.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-2048x1299.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1920x1218.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2528px) 100vw, 2528px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Encore High School play basketball as a San Bernardino County Sheriff deputy parks outside of the school Sept. 22, 2016 in Hesperia. \u003ccite>(James Quigg/The Daily Press via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would love for there to be no acts of any physical harm on another person, but that’s impossible,” Sgt. Anthony Alvarado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified has been debating what level of policing to have in its schools for several years. In 2020 police were pulled from the district’s middle schools but remained in high schools. After several violent incidents, police were returned to some middle schools in 2022 and the rest in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School “feels like a prison”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The daily presence of Kern High School District police at Mira Monte High in Bakersfield “feels ghetto,” sophomore Jose Delgado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school “feels like a prison. It’s like they don’t trust us at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Delgado said, he understands the need for police, noting a lot of fights at the school. “It’s for the best, but it makes us feel ghetto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/15635290116400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data shows 163 police call records at Delgado’s school\u003c/a> for the five-and-a-half-month period. They describe incidents including assault with a deadly weapon, an irate parent, out-of-control juveniles and resisting a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado’s sense of school as a prison and not being trusted are among the reasons why the negatives of school policing “completely outweigh the positives,” Nandam, the Southwestern Law School professor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who police typically interact with “are not the children that are doing well in school,” Nandam said. “Part of why there isn’t an outrage, a global outrage, is because it’s not impacting the people that are in power, the people who have agency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children seeing police in schools can be akin to going to an airport and encountering armed officers at a security checkpoint, said University of Florida education professor Chris Curran, who has studied school policing extensively. “It’s natural to wonder what’s wrong, why are there people with guns?” he said. “You find yourself saying, ‘What do I not know about? What’s this danger that has necessitated assault rifles?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No state guidance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When he was a state Assembly member in 2020, California Attorney General Rob Bonta, Assemblymember Mia Bonta’s spouse, clearly came down on the side of removing police from schools when he spoke at a forum after Floyd’s murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really important to call out this incredible moment,” he said, lauding districts, including Oakland, that ended policing. “There’s a general dehumanization of children of color, a belief that they need to be surveilled and monitored and watched and policed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2594px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A Black man wearing a suit gestures with his hands in front of a microphone.\" width=\"2594\" height=\"1594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM.png 2594w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-800x492.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1020x627.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1536x944.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-2048x1258.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1920x1180.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2594px) 100vw, 2594px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond. \u003ccite>(Andrew Reed/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The outcomes don’t make our students safer,” he said. School policing is “not achieving what we’re seeking,” \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAEducation/videos/288417659174199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video of the forum\u003c/a> shows. It was hosted by State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked recently if Bonta’s position on school policing as the state’s top law enforcement officer mirrors what he said in 2020, his press secretary replied “no” via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta, who’s expected to enter the 2026 governor’s race, “has always believed that there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution for school safety and that schools need to work towards data-driven policies that fit their community,” Alexandra Duquet wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School resource officers can be an important component of ensuring students and school personnel safety,” Duquet wrote. “Their primary focus should be ensuring the safety of all on-campus — not discipline — and they be given tools such as implicit bias training that ensure the equitable treatment of all students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-tony-thurmond-education-schools-e31cbf14dbec595f962b615bb8704915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a declared 2026 gubernatorial candidate\u003c/a>, took no position on school policing during the forum. He recently told EdSource that he favors “well-trained school resource officers to handle serious situations.” He also called for “more training of school staff so they’re not calling police for something that’s a student discipline matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond also said that during his time as a member of the West Contra Costa Unified School District board from 2008–12, he saw police officers help students, calling them “some of the best social workers I’ve worked with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley) who during Thurmond’s forum praised Oakland’s shuttering of its school police department, said in an interview that school districts should consider alternatives to police the way some cities have started using trained civilians to respond to 911 mental-health-crisis calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2388px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a white jacket holds a piece of paper and speaks into a microphone in a room.\" width=\"2388\" height=\"1608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM.png 2388w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-800x539.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1020x687.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1536x1034.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-2048x1379.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1920x1293.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2388px) 100vw, 2388px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/The Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Kids are emotional. Kids don’t have impulse control the way adults should, and to bring an officer in, especially since all of our officers are armed, can, rather than defuse the situation, make it worse,” Skinner said. Kids can act out what they experience at home or on the street, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner, the author of several major police accountability bills, also said she saw value in the data EdSource obtained and published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police logs can help officials decide if civilian staff should deal with more school incidents at a time when California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/01/09/even-at-112000-starting-pay-fewer-people-want-to-be-cops/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suffering a police shortage\u003c/a>, she said. That could leave sworn officers available for “real public safety needs. We never want to prevent a school from calling 911 if that’s needed. However, there might be some appropriate guidelines or boundaries that cities and schools could work out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stopping a police chase\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The executive director of the Alabama-based National Association of School Resource Officers, Mo Candy, a retired cop, said districts would be mistaken to remove resource officers from campuses. Police will always be needed to respond to schools, and “we need for students and faculty to be able to feel like this officer is more than just a law enforcement officer, that they really are another trusted adult in that school environment.” A trained and well-known officer, “may be the person who comes into a situation with the coolest head,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loretta Whitson, executive director of the California School Counselors Association, has seen what can happen when police approach a student situation lacking the cool-headedness Candy described.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a school counselor in the Monrovia Unified School District in Los Angeles County, she once worked with a child who ran away from school multiple times. Finally, an exacerbated principal called the police, who chased after the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principal didn’t stop them. I felt as (officers) went on in their rant this kid is getting more damaged. So, I said, ‘Stop, stop,”’ Whitson said. “We already had a very damaged kid, and this wasn’t helping.” The student was later found to need special education services, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Nolan, a retired Boston police lieutenant turned sociologist who’s taught at several universities and studied school policing, said when law enforcement officers are called into a school situation, “they become the shot callers,” deciding what to do whether it is in the child’s best interest or not. Too often, principals are calling them for minor problems like lost keys and disciplinary matters, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research is unequivocal in demonstrating that the police coming into schools, or police being assigned to schools, is almost always a bad idea. It has bad outcomes for children. It has bad outcomes for school safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nolan said police are not school counselors and shouldn’t play that role. “That’s something that’s a very specific skill set that is attained through years of graduate level study by mental health practitioners and clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Police Chiefs Association declined to make anyone from its leadership available for an interview. In an email, its executive director described school policing as a matter best discussed at local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Marvel, president of the Peace Officers Research Association of California, a powerful federation of police unions, wasn’t available for an interview, a spokesperson said. In a statement, Marvel, a San Diego police officer, said cops assigned to schools “play an important role in” schools. They act as “educators, emergency/crisis managers, first responders, informal counselors, mentors, and model the kind of behavior that builds trust and respect between law enforcement and the communities they serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that sometimes, regardless of who might be available to counsel or advise a student, one may just do something dumb, like putting a death threat in writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 15, 2023, James Morris, the county administrator who also acts as Inglewood Unified superintendent, received a death threat via email, police call records show. Morris, a veteran administrator, was brought on to lift Inglewood out of years of state receivership because of fiscal woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can just say, generally, it was a student,” Morris said when asked about the threat. Police took a report, but Morris said he didn’t want charges filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been doing this for 44 years. It takes a lot to rattle me,” he said. “It was a young person who just needed help.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This is the first in a continuing investigation into school policing in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Middle schooler allegedly attacks classmate twice, choking him severely. Police recommend attempted murder charges to district attorney.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>School staff calls police to report squirrel with injured leg in school courtyard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Unknown man in swimsuit briefs adorned with Australian flag trespassing at high school pool. Lifeguard sees a man follow boys 9 and 12, into the locker room. Man strips, pulls back the shower curtain to see the boy and asks: “Does this make you uncomfortable?” Man flees. Police list indecent exposure and lewd acts as possible offenses.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Officer dispatched to investigate ringing school alarm. Burnt English muffin found in teachers’ lounge. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Crescent City, Weed and Alturas in the far north to Calexico and El Cajon nearly 800 miles south, all along the Pacific Coast, across the sprawling Central Valley and up into the High Sierra and down into the Mojave Desert, police are dispatched to California schools thousands of times on any given day classes are in session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reasons are myriad: Students bringing guns and knives — and even a spear and a bow and arrow — to school, sexual assaults and “perversion reports” and fights. Then there are lost keys, malfunctioning alarms, and dogs — even cattle — loose on school grounds. Once, police were called for help with a swarm of bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cops rush to reports of students attempting suicide and overdosing on drugs, bullying, sexual assault and unwanted touching. They surveil high schoolers leaving campuses for lunch. They break up fights between parents over spots in elementary school pickup queues. They haul drunken adults from the stands at school sporting events. They once investigated a teacher’s claim that someone stole $10,000 from her classroom desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the call logs capture the anguish of youngsters with mental health challenges, victims whose nude photos are showing up on social media for all to see and parents turning to school administrators to deal with it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such details emerged from \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly 46,000 police call logs and dispatch records EdSource obtained\u003c/a> from 164 law enforcement agencies in 57 of California’s 58 counties as part of a sweeping statewide investigation into school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data offered a raw, first-blush look at why school staff summon cops, reasons that sometimes lead to juvenile and adult arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>All incidents included in the police logs largely remain out of public view due to state laws that shield juveniles and allow police to withhold information on investigations. As a result, the data collected as a representative sample of the state is also clearly an undercount of what routinely occurs in California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EdSource analysis found that nearly a third of all calls for police were for incidents deemed serious. After consulting police experts, EdSource tagged the data with a definition for serious incidents as those that reasonably required a police presence. Included among serious incidents are those tagged as violent, which include anything involving a violent act, including self-harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The share of serious incidents increases to 4 out of 10 when police patrols are set aside. They make up about a third of all records, but most have little detail on what police were doing at or near the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis also showed that high school students in districts with their own police departments are policed at a higher rate than in districts that rely on municipal police and sheriffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School police calls across California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years after Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin murdered George Floyd, igniting a national revolt and the defund-the-police movement, only about 20 of California’s 977 public school districts made significant changes to school policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most that acted ended contracts with municipal police departments to post cops — commonly called school resource officers — in schools. And three districts that made changes reversed course and brought police back after short hiatuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EdSource’s investigation sampled records showing calls from and about schools to city and school district police departments and county sheriffs. In some cases, officers stationed in schools dispatch themselves to a problem by radioing their dispatcher. Schools without campus police often call 911. Typically, police record their activity as “patrol” or “school check,” vague descriptions that raise questions about the use of public resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever a school resource officer ran along a corridor, one hand on a radio microphone, or a sheriff’s deputy raced along a country road with lights and sirens on to reach a distant rural school, they contributed to what data showed is a vast, continuing police presence in California’s pre-K to 12 public education, EdSource found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records resurfaced a debate lingering years after Floyd’s killing about how much policing schools need and if deploying armed officers does more harm than good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly to police debates at the municipal level, school policing can be polarizing. Across California, the issue emerges as a political divide, with some seeing the police as necessary to ensure safety and others seeing them as agents of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the ACLU of Southern California issued a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/no_police_in_schools_-_report_-_aclu_-_082421.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scathing report\u003c/a> that recommended an end to school policing in the Golden State, calling it “discriminatory, costly, and counterproductive.” In schools with regularly assigned cops, students across “all groups” were more likely to be arrested or referred to law enforcement, researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2020 University of Maryland study published in the journal Criminology and Public Policy, found school districts that increased policing through federal grants “did not increase school safety.” Researchers recommended improving safety through “the many alternatives” to police in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, school policing is “a structure. It’s part of the budgets, it’s part of the vocabulary of the schools. It’s part of what the expectation is from the parents and the students,” said Southwestern Law School professor Jyoti Nandam, who has researched school policing for 25 years and calls it “completely unnecessary,” adding, America is the lone civilized country where it is practiced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural California, school policing is seen as routine, allowing students to become “comfortable interacting with someone in a uniform, wearing a badge, and carrying a gun, so that as they grew older, they see those people as a friendly face, a resource that they could go to as opposed to someone that they should be afraid of,” Tulare County School Superintendent Tim Hire told EdSource. The practice is spreading in Tulare, where three small districts recently agreed to share a resource officer to travel among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such decisions are often couched as safety matters, a vigilant effort to prevent the next school shooting and avoid the failure of Uvalde, Texas police to stop the gunman who slaughtered 19 students and two teachers in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state Assemblymember Bill Essayli (R-Riverside) introduced legislation in February to require an armed police officer in each public school with more than 50 students, he described the need in base terms: “We need good guys and girls with guns, ready to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essayli’s idea is “a step backward,” Assembly Education Committee member Mia Bonta (D-Alameda) said at a hearing where the bill died in April. “We know it to be true that there’s a disproportionate impact on Black and brown students when police officers are in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A matter of local control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Education offers no guidance or best practices, calling policing a local matter, a spokesperson said. There’s little consistency statewide in whether police are deployed in schools. Nineteen school districts have their own police departments, including Los Angeles United, which refused to release its police call data, some with only a handful of officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified cut its police department’s budget by 35% in 2020 and banned officers from being posted in schools. Following reports of escalating violence, the district recently reinstated police to two schools through mid-June. Superintendent Alberto Carvalho had informed the school board that he was planning to return police to 20 schools, but he got community and trustee backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified disbanded its police department in favor of non-police staffers to keep peace in schools and respond to emergencies. Principals were trained on when to call city police only as a last resort. Still, data shows eight of the district’s 18 traditional middle and high schools combined to call city police 225 times, with nearly half of them serious, between Jan. 15 and June 30, 2023. Reasons include assault with a deadly weapon, suicide attempts, battery and terrorist/criminal threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired Long Beach and San Diego school Superintendent Carl Cohn, who served on the California State Board of Education from 2011 to 2018, said Oakland’s model of deploying people to talk students through peaceful resolutions of disputes can work. In the early 1990s, he ran the Long Beach schools anti-gang task force, hiring people with “street cred,” including former gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They “could stop instantly what was going on on a campus by their mere presence,” Cohn said. “Their credibility with youngsters that might be on the verge of gang affiliation was really powerful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Cohn’s “not on board with this notion of ‘let’s abandon the school police altogether.’ It’s the type of thing where ultimately there’s enough bad things from time to time happening that the safety of children has to be front and center.” Police must be well-trained, and school officials must cooperate with them, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shutting down the Oakland Unified police department of 11 officers and changing its policing culture is tough and ongoing, said a leader of a racial justice group that pushed for the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still the ideology of policing that exists on campus and is embedded in the infrastructure of schools that we’re also up against,” said Jessica Black, a Black Organizing Project activist. “The criminalization of young people, implicit bias, and anti-Black racist practices” still need to be confronted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only after Floyd’s murder that Dr. Tony Moos, a physician, learned that her four children, who had each attended high school in the affluent Santa Clara County city of Los Altos, had “negative interactions” with school resources officers “that they’d kept to themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moos was motivated to act and got the city to examine school police practices and make changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearings that included a Black high school teacher saying a resource officer had once pushed her to the ground, the city pulled police from the high school. The city also replaced its police chief in 2022. The new hire, a Black woman, came with much-needed experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Out of public view\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California law grants police-wide powers to withhold documents, including investigatory records, requested under the Public Records Act without revealing how many such records are being withheld. Many departments withheld from EdSource some — or even all — of the school calls they received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same is true about what information police can reveal in news releases or public statements about individual school incidents, especially involving juveniles. The public is often then not informed about police activity in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the serious incidents — weapons, death threats, rapes, assaults, fights, drugs — that police are responding to in 3 out of 10 calls often remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police in Crescent City, Del Norte County, for example, didn’t release information about the attempted murder of a student at Crescent Elk Middle School by a classmate who allegedly repeatedly choked him on Jan. 23, 2023, until EdSource asked about the incident more than a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When EdSource asked police in Avenal, Kings County to elaborate on a call record of a late-night report of “shots fired” at the city’s high school, a lawyer responded claiming the information was exempt from disclosure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that (the exemptions) apply to virtually everything law enforcement does. They never expire. So, every police report is potentially covered by the investigatory records exemption,” said David Loy, legal director of the First Amendment Coalition, an open government group. The lack of disclosure of police activity in schools makes it all the harder to determine what the correct level of policing should be, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the importance of the issue, the lack of information is troubling, Loy said. The debate over school policing “should be held on the basis of full and complete data and not driven by anecdote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A day of policing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The one-day record of police responding to a school for serious incidents was 10, the data sample shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was May 17, 2023, at \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/15737421531367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burroughs High School\u003c/a> in the Sierra Sands Unified School District in Ridgecrest, a desert city of 28,000 in eastern Kern County near Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first occurred at 8:38 a.m. when a school resource officer arrested a student for battery and released him to his parents. District Assistant Superintendent Brian Auld, who’s in charge of security, told EdSource the student “didn’t even go to the police station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was followed at 9:09 a.m. by reports of two students who appeared to be under the influence of drugs. They were evaluated and returned to class. Another report of two students apparently under the influence came in at 10:26 a.m. One student was impaired and released to their parents, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 10 minutes later, the resource officer responded to a student in “mental distress” who was taken for a psychological evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 1:23 p.m., police were alerted to a terrorist threat that ended up involving a student threatening to beat up someone, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 minutes later, two girls began fighting in art class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One grabbed what Auld called “an art project” — apparently a ceramic object — and allegedly swung it at the other girl’s head. Police called it assault with a deadly weapon, arresting the aggressor. “Deadly weapon sounds like a knife or a gun. The officer made the decision that (the object) could have done serious bodily harm,” Auld said. “I’m not downplaying it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 3:14 p.m. a report of disturbing the peace came in. No details were provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 10:26 p.m., a vandalism report to the police turned out to be benign — police found that soon-to-graduate seniors had decorated the school with toilet paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ridgecrest is “a unique, isolated community” near a military base. The school district considers its relationship with the police as a successful partnership, Auld said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District officials “have some, or even total, discretion regarding whether or not an arrest is made,” he added. The district has 15 counselors, mental health therapists and a registered behavioral therapist, Auld said. It’s also implementing restorative practices and social-emotional learning to “change behaviors before they result in suspensions, expulsions and arrests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Kings of calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most total call and dispatch records in the data for one school that relies on calling 911 was \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/16639821635606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lemoore High School\u003c/a>, in Lemoore, a city of 26,600 in Kings County with 471 calls over a nearly six-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemoore police, which refers to school police as youth development officers, provided scant detail on the reasons for the calls, listing hundreds in records as premises checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Lt. Alvaro Santos, who supervises Lemoore’s school policing, attributed the numbers to the department’s practice of having all available officers “drop what they’re doing” during the times students arrive at school and leave for lunch and later go home, basically surrounding the buildings, some on side streets out of view of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re around the school. They could be either parked on a side street or they could be driving by looking for vehicle code violations or anything that would pose a danger to the students,” Santos said. He said the schools are near a main road through the city and that there are concerns about drunk drivers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More serious calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sampled data shows that middle schools have a higher rate of serious incidents reported to police than high schools. At \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/41689990136093\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, in East Palo Alto, 41% of calls to police reported violent incidents, threats and sexual misconduct, data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of two calls that East Palo Alto police labeled “perversion report,” a student allegedly used a phone to make “a TikTok” of another girl using the restroom, according to a recording of a heavily redacted 911 call to police from a school official. Police refused to release any details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/10621660129338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gaston Middle School\u003c/a> is in a neighborhood plagued by violence, gangs and drugs, all of which follow students through the school doors, both police and Fresno Unified Superintendent Bob Nelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2528px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989267\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A police vehicle is parked on dirt with children playing basketball in the background.\" width=\"2528\" height=\"1604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM.png 2528w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-800x508.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1020x647.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1536x975.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-2048x1299.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.05.55 PM-1920x1218.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2528px) 100vw, 2528px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Encore High School play basketball as a San Bernardino County Sheriff deputy parks outside of the school Sept. 22, 2016 in Hesperia. \u003ccite>(James Quigg/The Daily Press via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would love for there to be no acts of any physical harm on another person, but that’s impossible,” Sgt. Anthony Alvarado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified has been debating what level of policing to have in its schools for several years. In 2020 police were pulled from the district’s middle schools but remained in high schools. After several violent incidents, police were returned to some middle schools in 2022 and the rest in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School “feels like a prison”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The daily presence of Kern High School District police at Mira Monte High in Bakersfield “feels ghetto,” sophomore Jose Delgado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school “feels like a prison. It’s like they don’t trust us at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Delgado said, he understands the need for police, noting a lot of fights at the school. “It’s for the best, but it makes us feel ghetto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://callingthecops.edsource.org/school/15635290116400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data shows 163 police call records at Delgado’s school\u003c/a> for the five-and-a-half-month period. They describe incidents including assault with a deadly weapon, an irate parent, out-of-control juveniles and resisting a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado’s sense of school as a prison and not being trusted are among the reasons why the negatives of school policing “completely outweigh the positives,” Nandam, the Southwestern Law School professor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who police typically interact with “are not the children that are doing well in school,” Nandam said. “Part of why there isn’t an outrage, a global outrage, is because it’s not impacting the people that are in power, the people who have agency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children seeing police in schools can be akin to going to an airport and encountering armed officers at a security checkpoint, said University of Florida education professor Chris Curran, who has studied school policing extensively. “It’s natural to wonder what’s wrong, why are there people with guns?” he said. “You find yourself saying, ‘What do I not know about? What’s this danger that has necessitated assault rifles?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No state guidance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When he was a state Assembly member in 2020, California Attorney General Rob Bonta, Assemblymember Mia Bonta’s spouse, clearly came down on the side of removing police from schools when he spoke at a forum after Floyd’s murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really important to call out this incredible moment,” he said, lauding districts, including Oakland, that ended policing. “There’s a general dehumanization of children of color, a belief that they need to be surveilled and monitored and watched and policed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2594px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A Black man wearing a suit gestures with his hands in front of a microphone.\" width=\"2594\" height=\"1594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM.png 2594w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-800x492.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1020x627.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1536x944.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-2048x1258.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.40 PM-1920x1180.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2594px) 100vw, 2594px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond. \u003ccite>(Andrew Reed/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The outcomes don’t make our students safer,” he said. School policing is “not achieving what we’re seeking,” \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAEducation/videos/288417659174199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video of the forum\u003c/a> shows. It was hosted by State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked recently if Bonta’s position on school policing as the state’s top law enforcement officer mirrors what he said in 2020, his press secretary replied “no” via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta, who’s expected to enter the 2026 governor’s race, “has always believed that there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution for school safety and that schools need to work towards data-driven policies that fit their community,” Alexandra Duquet wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School resource officers can be an important component of ensuring students and school personnel safety,” Duquet wrote. “Their primary focus should be ensuring the safety of all on-campus — not discipline — and they be given tools such as implicit bias training that ensure the equitable treatment of all students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-tony-thurmond-education-schools-e31cbf14dbec595f962b615bb8704915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a declared 2026 gubernatorial candidate\u003c/a>, took no position on school policing during the forum. He recently told EdSource that he favors “well-trained school resource officers to handle serious situations.” He also called for “more training of school staff so they’re not calling police for something that’s a student discipline matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurmond also said that during his time as a member of the West Contra Costa Unified School District board from 2008–12, he saw police officers help students, calling them “some of the best social workers I’ve worked with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley) who during Thurmond’s forum praised Oakland’s shuttering of its school police department, said in an interview that school districts should consider alternatives to police the way some cities have started using trained civilians to respond to 911 mental-health-crisis calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2388px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48%E2%80%AFPM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"A white woman wearing glasses and a white jacket holds a piece of paper and speaks into a microphone in a room.\" width=\"2388\" height=\"1608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM.png 2388w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-800x539.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1020x687.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1536x1034.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-2048x1379.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-06-at-12.06.48 PM-1920x1293.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2388px) 100vw, 2388px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/The Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Kids are emotional. Kids don’t have impulse control the way adults should, and to bring an officer in, especially since all of our officers are armed, can, rather than defuse the situation, make it worse,” Skinner said. Kids can act out what they experience at home or on the street, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner, the author of several major police accountability bills, also said she saw value in the data EdSource obtained and published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police logs can help officials decide if civilian staff should deal with more school incidents at a time when California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/01/09/even-at-112000-starting-pay-fewer-people-want-to-be-cops/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suffering a police shortage\u003c/a>, she said. That could leave sworn officers available for “real public safety needs. We never want to prevent a school from calling 911 if that’s needed. However, there might be some appropriate guidelines or boundaries that cities and schools could work out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stopping a police chase\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The executive director of the Alabama-based National Association of School Resource Officers, Mo Candy, a retired cop, said districts would be mistaken to remove resource officers from campuses. Police will always be needed to respond to schools, and “we need for students and faculty to be able to feel like this officer is more than just a law enforcement officer, that they really are another trusted adult in that school environment.” A trained and well-known officer, “may be the person who comes into a situation with the coolest head,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loretta Whitson, executive director of the California School Counselors Association, has seen what can happen when police approach a student situation lacking the cool-headedness Candy described.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a school counselor in the Monrovia Unified School District in Los Angeles County, she once worked with a child who ran away from school multiple times. Finally, an exacerbated principal called the police, who chased after the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principal didn’t stop them. I felt as (officers) went on in their rant this kid is getting more damaged. So, I said, ‘Stop, stop,”’ Whitson said. “We already had a very damaged kid, and this wasn’t helping.” The student was later found to need special education services, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Nolan, a retired Boston police lieutenant turned sociologist who’s taught at several universities and studied school policing, said when law enforcement officers are called into a school situation, “they become the shot callers,” deciding what to do whether it is in the child’s best interest or not. Too often, principals are calling them for minor problems like lost keys and disciplinary matters, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research is unequivocal in demonstrating that the police coming into schools, or police being assigned to schools, is almost always a bad idea. It has bad outcomes for children. It has bad outcomes for school safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nolan said police are not school counselors and shouldn’t play that role. “That’s something that’s a very specific skill set that is attained through years of graduate level study by mental health practitioners and clinicians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Police Chiefs Association declined to make anyone from its leadership available for an interview. In an email, its executive director described school policing as a matter best discussed at local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Marvel, president of the Peace Officers Research Association of California, a powerful federation of police unions, wasn’t available for an interview, a spokesperson said. In a statement, Marvel, a San Diego police officer, said cops assigned to schools “play an important role in” schools. They act as “educators, emergency/crisis managers, first responders, informal counselors, mentors, and model the kind of behavior that builds trust and respect between law enforcement and the communities they serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that sometimes, regardless of who might be available to counsel or advise a student, one may just do something dumb, like putting a death threat in writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 15, 2023, James Morris, the county administrator who also acts as Inglewood Unified superintendent, received a death threat via email, police call records show. Morris, a veteran administrator, was brought on to lift Inglewood out of years of state receivership because of fiscal woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can just say, generally, it was a student,” Morris said when asked about the threat. Police took a report, but Morris said he didn’t want charges filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "uc-berkeley-can-start-building-on-peoples-park-california-supreme-court-rules",
"title": "UC Berkeley Can Start Building on People's Park, California Supreme Court Rules",
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"headTitle": "UC Berkeley Can Start Building on People’s Park, California Supreme Court Rules | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:30 p.m. Friday, June 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capping a decades-long \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/a>, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased and relieved that the Supreme Court’s decision enables the campus to resume construction at People’s Park,” Kyle Gibson, UC Berkeley’s director of communications, said in a statement. “The housing components of the project are desperately needed by our students and unhoused people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be losing a lot with People’s Park,” Harvey Smith, president of the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, said on Thursday. “It’s a national historic site, so this goes beyond Berkeley; it goes beyond the state of California. All that is being ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters from his Berkeley office Friday, Mayor Jesse \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">acknowledged the park’s more than half-century-long role as a center for political activism and community building. But, he said, “H\u003c/span>istory should not stop us from progress\u003ci>.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We face these huge challenges as a city, as a region, as a state, of rampant homelessness and housing affordability,” he said. “And I think that the city of Berkeley and the university need to do something to address those those challenges, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood groups had sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2023, an appellate court agreed with the groups and ruled that the university had to study the noise from future residents and its impact on neighbors, as well as consider alternative sites for the proposed development at People’s Park and housing built elsewhere on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled that none of Make UC A Good Neighbor’s claims about social noise had merit and reversed the Court of Appeal’s judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decline to consider Good Neighbor’s alternative locations argument with respect to potential future housing projects,” the opinion read. “In short, as all parties have effectively acknowledged, this lawsuit poses no obstacle to the development of the People’s Park housing project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11981358,news_11971915,news_11971858 label='related coverage']In the face of the state’s and UC Berkeley’s student housing crisis, many California legislators had sought alternative ways to protect the university’s campus expansion plan. Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Berkeley) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959483/legislation-that-could-push-peoples-park-student-housing-project-forward-heads-to-newsom\">penned AB 1307\u003c/a>, a bill specifically tailored to this project. It amended CEQA so developers don’t have to consider noise generated by future residents as having a “significant effect on the environment” and allowed public universities not to have to consider alternative locations for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was quickly signed into law and effectively cleared the way for the People’s Park development, but it left the door open on whether UC Berkeley would have to study noise impacts and consider alternative sites for other housing projects in its Long Range Development Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling closed that door, stating that “the new law applies to both the People’s Park housing project and the development plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín, who is \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/03/06/state-senate-results-district-7-berkeley-oakland/\">running for a state Senate seat\u003c/a>, lauded the ruling, calling the lower court’s decision “misguided” and “not based in fact or law.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine how that could be weaponized by NIMBYs throughout California to stop affordable housing, to stop permanent supportive housing and stop student housing?” he said. “Thankfully, that will no longer be a barrier for this project or any project in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, courts have taken a more expansive view of CEQA seeking to protect the environment, according to UC Davis land-use law professor Chris Elmendorf. This ruling suggests a shift in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Supreme Court is interpreting CEQA in light of current legislative sentiments rather than in light of judicial sentiments from the 1970s,” Elmendorf said. “The court is sort of trying to make CEQA responsive to present-day needs, as expressed by the political branches of government, rather than carrying forward a vision of CEQA that was first advanced in the courts in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university currently provides the lowest amount of student housing within the UC system: about 22% of its more than 45,000 undergraduate and graduate students have access to university-provided housing. The People’s Park project and other housing included in the long-range plan would effectively double the number of beds the university provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The campus is turning its attention to the timeline for resuming construction now that all legal challenges have been resolved by the California Supreme Court,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Erin Baldassari contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Capping a decadeslong battle, the state’s highest court is allowing UC Berkeley to construct a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the historic People’s Park.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:30 p.m. Friday, June 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capping a decades-long \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/a>, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased and relieved that the Supreme Court’s decision enables the campus to resume construction at People’s Park,” Kyle Gibson, UC Berkeley’s director of communications, said in a statement. “The housing components of the project are desperately needed by our students and unhoused people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be losing a lot with People’s Park,” Harvey Smith, president of the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, said on Thursday. “It’s a national historic site, so this goes beyond Berkeley; it goes beyond the state of California. All that is being ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters from his Berkeley office Friday, Mayor Jesse \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">acknowledged the park’s more than half-century-long role as a center for political activism and community building. But, he said, “H\u003c/span>istory should not stop us from progress\u003ci>.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We face these huge challenges as a city, as a region, as a state, of rampant homelessness and housing affordability,” he said. “And I think that the city of Berkeley and the university need to do something to address those those challenges, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood groups had sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2023, an appellate court agreed with the groups and ruled that the university had to study the noise from future residents and its impact on neighbors, as well as consider alternative sites for the proposed development at People’s Park and housing built elsewhere on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled that none of Make UC A Good Neighbor’s claims about social noise had merit and reversed the Court of Appeal’s judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decline to consider Good Neighbor’s alternative locations argument with respect to potential future housing projects,” the opinion read. “In short, as all parties have effectively acknowledged, this lawsuit poses no obstacle to the development of the People’s Park housing project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the face of the state’s and UC Berkeley’s student housing crisis, many California legislators had sought alternative ways to protect the university’s campus expansion plan. Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Berkeley) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959483/legislation-that-could-push-peoples-park-student-housing-project-forward-heads-to-newsom\">penned AB 1307\u003c/a>, a bill specifically tailored to this project. It amended CEQA so developers don’t have to consider noise generated by future residents as having a “significant effect on the environment” and allowed public universities not to have to consider alternative locations for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was quickly signed into law and effectively cleared the way for the People’s Park development, but it left the door open on whether UC Berkeley would have to study noise impacts and consider alternative sites for other housing projects in its Long Range Development Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling closed that door, stating that “the new law applies to both the People’s Park housing project and the development plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín, who is \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/03/06/state-senate-results-district-7-berkeley-oakland/\">running for a state Senate seat\u003c/a>, lauded the ruling, calling the lower court’s decision “misguided” and “not based in fact or law.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine how that could be weaponized by NIMBYs throughout California to stop affordable housing, to stop permanent supportive housing and stop student housing?” he said. “Thankfully, that will no longer be a barrier for this project or any project in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, courts have taken a more expansive view of CEQA seeking to protect the environment, according to UC Davis land-use law professor Chris Elmendorf. This ruling suggests a shift in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Supreme Court is interpreting CEQA in light of current legislative sentiments rather than in light of judicial sentiments from the 1970s,” Elmendorf said. “The court is sort of trying to make CEQA responsive to present-day needs, as expressed by the political branches of government, rather than carrying forward a vision of CEQA that was first advanced in the courts in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university currently provides the lowest amount of student housing within the UC system: about 22% of its more than 45,000 undergraduate and graduate students have access to university-provided housing. The People’s Park project and other housing included in the long-range plan would effectively double the number of beds the university provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The campus is turning its attention to the timeline for resuming construction now that all legal challenges have been resolved by the California Supreme Court,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Erin Baldassari contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "UC Sues Academic Workers Union to Halt Pro-Palestinian Solidarity Strikes",
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"content": "\u003cp>The University of California on Wednesday announced that it is suing the union representing its academic workers, a move that follows \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988823/state-board-upholds-uc-workers-right-to-strike-over-response-to-campus-protests\">two failed attempts\u003c/a> to have state labor regulators stop thousands of graduate teaching assistants, researchers and others from striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its suit filed Monday in Orange County Superior Court, the university system alleges that the United Auto Workers Local 4811, which represents 48,000 academic workers across the UC, is violating the no-strike clause of its contract. The union has said its rolling walkouts are in response to campuses’ handling of pro-Palestinian protests and the police actions against them, leading UC officials to label the strike a political action, not a labor one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blatant breach of the parties’ no-strike clauses by UAW will continue to cause irreversible harm to the University as it will disrupt the education of thousands of students in the form of canceled classes and delayed grades,” said Melissa Matella, associate vice president for systemwide labor relations, in a statement. “The breach of contract also endangers life-saving research in hundreds of laboratories across the university and will also cause the university substantial monetary damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striking UAW workers have blocked entrances to hospitals and childcare centers, caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988039/pro-palestinian-protests-block-uc-santa-cruz-entrances-pushing-classes-back-online\">disruption to operations at UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987499/academic-workers-at-ucla-davis-are-next-to-strike-over-response-to-protests\">barricaded themselves in buildings at UCLA\u003c/a>, according to UC officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Jaime, a Ph.D. student at UCLA and president of UAW 4811, accused the UC system of ignoring the authority of the California Public Employment Relations Board, or PERB, which on Monday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987737/academic-workers-strike-will-roll-on-as-ucs-request-for-court-order-is-denied\">declined for the second time\u003c/a> to rule the strikes illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UC continues to shirk accountability for the violence it has caused and allowed against union members and the campus community,” Jaime said. “UC should respect the law, return to mediation, and resolve their serious unfair labor practices instead of continuing to insist that the rules do not apply to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 academic workers at UC Santa Cruz walked out last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987173/uc-academic-workers-strike-is-limited-to-santa-cruz-so-far-heres-why\">the first campus to go on strike\u003c/a> after an authorization vote by union members. Soon after, UCLA and UC Davis workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987905/following-uc-santa-cruzs-lead-academic-workers-at-uc-davis-and-ucla-join-strike-over-response-to-pro-palestinian-protests\">joined the strike\u003c/a>. UC Santa Barbara and UC San Diego workers followed suit on Monday, and UC Irvine joined the strike on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers want to restore their “fundamental right to protest,” UAW 4811 \u003ca href=\"https://www.uaw4811.org/ucs-u-turn\">wrote on its website\u003c/a>. UC has used force on student and worker protesters, they wrote, including allowing police to give protesters “serious injuries,” including burns and nerve damage, in an effort to clear demonstrators from public areas and an empty building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s decision by PERB found the UC did not demonstrate “sufficient grounds” for bringing its complaint, the second time in recent weeks that it declined to order an immediate end to the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='campus-protests']J. Felix De La Torre, PERB’s general counsel, told KQED that the UC’s civil complaint could have been filed with the court without first filing an unfair practice charge with PERB unless the UC’s contract with the union has a binding arbitration provision. If so, the court will send them to arbitration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After PERB’s decision, Matella had said the UC would elevate its claim in court. In \u003ca href=\"https://ucnet.universityofcalifornia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-04-2729-xUC-filing_2.pdf\">the UC suit\u003c/a>, Matella references contract clauses that claim academic staffers cannot strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such clause reads, “The UAW, on behalf of its officers, agents, and members agrees there shall be no strikes, including sympathy strikes, stoppages, interruptions of work, or other concerted activities which interfere directly or indirectly with University operations during the life of this Agreement or any written extension thereof.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some actions by protesting workers went beyond taking part in encampments and directly interrupted classes, Matella said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis on May 28, for instance, Matella said protesters carrying UAW signs entered classrooms and “were disruptive,” leading instructors to cancel classes, some of which were taking exams. In at least one classroom, protesters “attempted to shame students and instructors into joining the protest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact number of classes interrupted or canceled by academic staffers isn’t known, Matella said, because they don’t inform campus administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just do it, again increasing the uncertainty and adding to the chaos of their unlawful strike,” Matella said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The University of California on Wednesday announced that it is suing the union representing its academic workers, a move that follows \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988823/state-board-upholds-uc-workers-right-to-strike-over-response-to-campus-protests\">two failed attempts\u003c/a> to have state labor regulators stop thousands of graduate teaching assistants, researchers and others from striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its suit filed Monday in Orange County Superior Court, the university system alleges that the United Auto Workers Local 4811, which represents 48,000 academic workers across the UC, is violating the no-strike clause of its contract. The union has said its rolling walkouts are in response to campuses’ handling of pro-Palestinian protests and the police actions against them, leading UC officials to label the strike a political action, not a labor one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blatant breach of the parties’ no-strike clauses by UAW will continue to cause irreversible harm to the University as it will disrupt the education of thousands of students in the form of canceled classes and delayed grades,” said Melissa Matella, associate vice president for systemwide labor relations, in a statement. “The breach of contract also endangers life-saving research in hundreds of laboratories across the university and will also cause the university substantial monetary damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striking UAW workers have blocked entrances to hospitals and childcare centers, caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988039/pro-palestinian-protests-block-uc-santa-cruz-entrances-pushing-classes-back-online\">disruption to operations at UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987499/academic-workers-at-ucla-davis-are-next-to-strike-over-response-to-protests\">barricaded themselves in buildings at UCLA\u003c/a>, according to UC officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafael Jaime, a Ph.D. student at UCLA and president of UAW 4811, accused the UC system of ignoring the authority of the California Public Employment Relations Board, or PERB, which on Monday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987737/academic-workers-strike-will-roll-on-as-ucs-request-for-court-order-is-denied\">declined for the second time\u003c/a> to rule the strikes illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UC continues to shirk accountability for the violence it has caused and allowed against union members and the campus community,” Jaime said. “UC should respect the law, return to mediation, and resolve their serious unfair labor practices instead of continuing to insist that the rules do not apply to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 academic workers at UC Santa Cruz walked out last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987173/uc-academic-workers-strike-is-limited-to-santa-cruz-so-far-heres-why\">the first campus to go on strike\u003c/a> after an authorization vote by union members. Soon after, UCLA and UC Davis workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987905/following-uc-santa-cruzs-lead-academic-workers-at-uc-davis-and-ucla-join-strike-over-response-to-pro-palestinian-protests\">joined the strike\u003c/a>. UC Santa Barbara and UC San Diego workers followed suit on Monday, and UC Irvine joined the strike on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers want to restore their “fundamental right to protest,” UAW 4811 \u003ca href=\"https://www.uaw4811.org/ucs-u-turn\">wrote on its website\u003c/a>. UC has used force on student and worker protesters, they wrote, including allowing police to give protesters “serious injuries,” including burns and nerve damage, in an effort to clear demonstrators from public areas and an empty building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s decision by PERB found the UC did not demonstrate “sufficient grounds” for bringing its complaint, the second time in recent weeks that it declined to order an immediate end to the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>J. Felix De La Torre, PERB’s general counsel, told KQED that the UC’s civil complaint could have been filed with the court without first filing an unfair practice charge with PERB unless the UC’s contract with the union has a binding arbitration provision. If so, the court will send them to arbitration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After PERB’s decision, Matella had said the UC would elevate its claim in court. In \u003ca href=\"https://ucnet.universityofcalifornia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-04-2729-xUC-filing_2.pdf\">the UC suit\u003c/a>, Matella references contract clauses that claim academic staffers cannot strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such clause reads, “The UAW, on behalf of its officers, agents, and members agrees there shall be no strikes, including sympathy strikes, stoppages, interruptions of work, or other concerted activities which interfere directly or indirectly with University operations during the life of this Agreement or any written extension thereof.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some actions by protesting workers went beyond taking part in encampments and directly interrupted classes, Matella said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis on May 28, for instance, Matella said protesters carrying UAW signs entered classrooms and “were disruptive,” leading instructors to cancel classes, some of which were taking exams. In at least one classroom, protesters “attempted to shame students and instructors into joining the protest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exact number of classes interrupted or canceled by academic staffers isn’t known, Matella said, because they don’t inform campus administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just do it, again increasing the uncertainty and adding to the chaos of their unlawful strike,” Matella said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Few college students participate in the state’s CalFresh food program despite being eligible, according to a report published Tuesday by the University of California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Policy Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/news/new-report-finds-the-majority-of-california-college-students-who-are-eligible-for-calfresh-benefits-dont-participate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Filling the Gap: CalFresh Eligibility Among University of California and California Community College Students\u003c/a>,” is the first to link together datasets that provide estimates on the number of California college students who are eligible for CalFresh, the state’s food benefits program, in addition to their take-up rate — the share of students who are eligible and also participate in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors found that CalFresh eligibility and students’ subsequent enrollment in the program depended significantly on which institution of higher learning they attended, age, housing situation, and other factors. The school they were enrolled in was often connected to the level of outreach they received, informing them of the food benefits program and whether they received a certain financial aid grant that made them eligible for CalFresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11978394,news_11974262\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“California, in the last few years, has been increasingly focused on this channel of potential support for college students. It’s one of the pieces that students can paste together to put together a financial package that allows them to go to college,” said Jesse Rothstein, report co-author, about the CalFresh program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalFresh, once known as food stamps, is designed to provide money for groceries for California residents, making it a significant support program for low-income students. College students are typically eligible for CalFresh if they meet the regular rules that everyone, whether a student or not, must meet, in addition to at least one of more than a dozen exemptions. Understanding the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/CalFresh/Students/CF6177.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long list of eligibility criteria\u003c/a> specific to students has long been seen as a significant barrier for students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But because CalFresh is run by a different agency — it’s not part of the education system — I think it’s hard for students to navigate,” said Rothstein, Carmel P. Friesen Professor of Public Policy and Economics at UC Berkeley and the faculty director of the California Policy Lab’s UC Berkeley site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC’s California Policy Lab collected the data for the report from four institutions: California Community College Chancellor’s Office, University of California Office of the President, California Department of Social Services and California Student Aid Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In gathering data from these four agencies, the authors developed a database connecting college enrollment numbers, monthly CalFresh participation records, and annual federal financial aid (FAFSA) details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data points to differences in eligibility and take-up rates between students in the California community colleges and the UC campuses, as well as which students actually enroll to receive the benefits if they are eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the fall of 2019, the semester immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, provides one of the clearest examples. During that time, the data showed a significant discrepancy between students who were eligible for CalFresh versus those who applied to receive the food aid — and further disparities depending on whether students were enrolled in a community college or a UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that 19% of community college students, 31% of UC undergraduates and 6% of UC graduate students were likely eligible for CalFresh. Yet just 30% of eligible community college students, 22% of eligible UC undergraduates, and 29% of eligible UC graduate students actually enrolled to receive CalFresh benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors suggest a few reasons for the discrepancies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, UC students are less likely to live at home with their parents, increasing their chances of being eligible for CalFresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, students in the community colleges are overall less likely to be eligible for CalFresh. This is because “the version of the Cal Grant given to UC students qualifies many of them for CalFresh eligibility, but the version given to CCC students does not,” per the report’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, finally, the UC has increased outreach efforts to enroll more eligible students into basic needs programs like CalFresh. This would explain, the authors wrote, why the take-up rate among UC undergraduates has increased substantially since 2017, while the same rate among community college students has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors note that they can only provide data estimates in the report because the multiple eligibility determination factors may be captured inaccurately, although errors were likely insignificant and “our estimates are a good approximation of the share of students who would be found eligible under individualized determinations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deeper look into data from the fall of 2019 highlights important details, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Central Coast’s UC Santa Barbara had the third-highest eligibility rate at 36% but the highest take-up rate at 37%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Of the community college regions statewide, the Central Valley had both the highest eligibility rate at 23% and the highest take-up rate at 38%, while the Bay Area had the lowest eligibility rate at 12% and the lowest take-up rate at 22%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Black and Latino students were more likely to be eligible than white or Asian peers regardless of the institution attended\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When it came to actually enrolling in CalFresh, Black and Latino students were more likely to do so if attending a UC, but Latino students were less likely to enroll in the program if attending a community college\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students over the age of 23 had higher take-up rates than those 23 years and younger at both institutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of those details were expected, given the history of outreach out of certain institutions. Santa Barbara County and UC Santa Barbara, for example, have long worked toward smoothing out the process for students to both determine their CalFresh eligibility and to apply for the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other details, such as the low take-up rates in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area, highlight the potential need for additional outreach in regions with increasingly high housing and cost-of-living expenses. Among community college students in Los Angeles, just 4% of the population were both eligible and participating in CalFresh during the fall of 2019. That number is 3% during the same timeframe in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The development of a new dataset\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The report included data from millions of students who attended UC and community college campuses between the 2010-11 and 2021-22 school years. While the report’s authors were largely focused on the most recent data, they included previous years’ data that was consistent across the four agencies they had data-sharing agreements with — and this happened to take them as far back as the 2010-11 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the project took about four years to complete, according to Rothstein, who noted that this project took “longer than most” he’s worked on in his career. The team first needed to execute data-sharing agreements between each of the institutions included in the report and then clean it up to ensure accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really beyond the ability of the individual agencies to do this kind of project,” Rothstein said.“It just takes too long and requires too much collaboration between agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably missing from the institutions that shared their data was California State University, which is the nation’s largest four-year public university system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSU “was more reluctant” to share their data, Rothstein said, and his team decided to move forward without that system’s information. He noted that his team plans to work on another edition of the report in which they hope to be able to include CSU data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that by kind of developing long-term relationships with the agencies, we can build the trust that’s required to do this kind of project,” Rothstein said. “We can also build the kind of specialized knowledge of the individual data sets that makes it possible.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few college students participate in the state’s CalFresh food program despite being eligible, according to a report published Tuesday by the University of California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Policy Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.capolicylab.org/news/new-report-finds-the-majority-of-california-college-students-who-are-eligible-for-calfresh-benefits-dont-participate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Filling the Gap: CalFresh Eligibility Among University of California and California Community College Students\u003c/a>,” is the first to link together datasets that provide estimates on the number of California college students who are eligible for CalFresh, the state’s food benefits program, in addition to their take-up rate — the share of students who are eligible and also participate in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors found that CalFresh eligibility and students’ subsequent enrollment in the program depended significantly on which institution of higher learning they attended, age, housing situation, and other factors. The school they were enrolled in was often connected to the level of outreach they received, informing them of the food benefits program and whether they received a certain financial aid grant that made them eligible for CalFresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“California, in the last few years, has been increasingly focused on this channel of potential support for college students. It’s one of the pieces that students can paste together to put together a financial package that allows them to go to college,” said Jesse Rothstein, report co-author, about the CalFresh program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalFresh, once known as food stamps, is designed to provide money for groceries for California residents, making it a significant support program for low-income students. College students are typically eligible for CalFresh if they meet the regular rules that everyone, whether a student or not, must meet, in addition to at least one of more than a dozen exemptions. Understanding the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/CalFresh/Students/CF6177.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long list of eligibility criteria\u003c/a> specific to students has long been seen as a significant barrier for students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But because CalFresh is run by a different agency — it’s not part of the education system — I think it’s hard for students to navigate,” said Rothstein, Carmel P. Friesen Professor of Public Policy and Economics at UC Berkeley and the faculty director of the California Policy Lab’s UC Berkeley site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC’s California Policy Lab collected the data for the report from four institutions: California Community College Chancellor’s Office, University of California Office of the President, California Department of Social Services and California Student Aid Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In gathering data from these four agencies, the authors developed a database connecting college enrollment numbers, monthly CalFresh participation records, and annual federal financial aid (FAFSA) details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data points to differences in eligibility and take-up rates between students in the California community colleges and the UC campuses, as well as which students actually enroll to receive the benefits if they are eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the fall of 2019, the semester immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, provides one of the clearest examples. During that time, the data showed a significant discrepancy between students who were eligible for CalFresh versus those who applied to receive the food aid — and further disparities depending on whether students were enrolled in a community college or a UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that 19% of community college students, 31% of UC undergraduates and 6% of UC graduate students were likely eligible for CalFresh. Yet just 30% of eligible community college students, 22% of eligible UC undergraduates, and 29% of eligible UC graduate students actually enrolled to receive CalFresh benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors suggest a few reasons for the discrepancies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, UC students are less likely to live at home with their parents, increasing their chances of being eligible for CalFresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, students in the community colleges are overall less likely to be eligible for CalFresh. This is because “the version of the Cal Grant given to UC students qualifies many of them for CalFresh eligibility, but the version given to CCC students does not,” per the report’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, finally, the UC has increased outreach efforts to enroll more eligible students into basic needs programs like CalFresh. This would explain, the authors wrote, why the take-up rate among UC undergraduates has increased substantially since 2017, while the same rate among community college students has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors note that they can only provide data estimates in the report because the multiple eligibility determination factors may be captured inaccurately, although errors were likely insignificant and “our estimates are a good approximation of the share of students who would be found eligible under individualized determinations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deeper look into data from the fall of 2019 highlights important details, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Central Coast’s UC Santa Barbara had the third-highest eligibility rate at 36% but the highest take-up rate at 37%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Of the community college regions statewide, the Central Valley had both the highest eligibility rate at 23% and the highest take-up rate at 38%, while the Bay Area had the lowest eligibility rate at 12% and the lowest take-up rate at 22%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Black and Latino students were more likely to be eligible than white or Asian peers regardless of the institution attended\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When it came to actually enrolling in CalFresh, Black and Latino students were more likely to do so if attending a UC, but Latino students were less likely to enroll in the program if attending a community college\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students over the age of 23 had higher take-up rates than those 23 years and younger at both institutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of those details were expected, given the history of outreach out of certain institutions. Santa Barbara County and UC Santa Barbara, for example, have long worked toward smoothing out the process for students to both determine their CalFresh eligibility and to apply for the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other details, such as the low take-up rates in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area, highlight the potential need for additional outreach in regions with increasingly high housing and cost-of-living expenses. Among community college students in Los Angeles, just 4% of the population were both eligible and participating in CalFresh during the fall of 2019. That number is 3% during the same timeframe in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The development of a new dataset\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The report included data from millions of students who attended UC and community college campuses between the 2010-11 and 2021-22 school years. While the report’s authors were largely focused on the most recent data, they included previous years’ data that was consistent across the four agencies they had data-sharing agreements with — and this happened to take them as far back as the 2010-11 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the project took about four years to complete, according to Rothstein, who noted that this project took “longer than most” he’s worked on in his career. The team first needed to execute data-sharing agreements between each of the institutions included in the report and then clean it up to ensure accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really beyond the ability of the individual agencies to do this kind of project,” Rothstein said.“It just takes too long and requires too much collaboration between agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably missing from the institutions that shared their data was California State University, which is the nation’s largest four-year public university system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSU “was more reluctant” to share their data, Rothstein said, and his team decided to move forward without that system’s information. He noted that his team plans to work on another edition of the report in which they hope to be able to include CSU data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office",
"title": "Stanford Protest Camp Dismantled After 13 Arrests at Pro-Palestinian Occupation",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:35 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 13 people were arrested when pro-Palestinian activists barricaded themselves inside the office of Stanford’s president Wednesday morning, campus officials cleared \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">a protest encampment\u003c/a> that had been set up weeks earlier on a central plaza, university officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters entered the building housing the offices of the university president and provost off the main quad early Wednesday, the final day of classes for the spring quarter, saying they planned to stay until their demands were met or they were forcibly removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford police and Santa Clara County sheriff’s officials responded and began arresting people within about two hours, and by 9:45 a.m. the building was cleared, according to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters trying to interfere with a transport vehicle shoved a public safety officer, who was injured, university spokesperson Dee Mostofi said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said they found damage inside the building, and the sandstone exterior of the building and others around it in the main quad area were graffitied with messages including “kill cops,” “death to Israel” and “free Palestine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This graffiti conveys vile and hateful sentiments that we condemn in the strongest terms,” President Richard Saller and Provost Jenny Martinez wrote in a statement. “Whether the graffiti was created by members of the Stanford community or outsiders, we expect that the vast majority of our community joins us in rejecting this assault on our campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who were arrested will be immediately suspended, and any who are seniors will be barred from graduating, Saller and Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989121\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University workers remove American and Israeli flags from an installment at White Plaza on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the people arrested was a \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> reporter covering the occupation, according to a representative for the student newspaper. In a statement, the \u003cem>Daily\u003c/em> told KQED that the student was wearing \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> attire and a press badge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the law enforcement arrests, campus officials also cleared the pro-Palestinian encampment on Stanford’s White Plaza as well as a nearby pro-Israel installation with U.S. and Israeli flags. Barricades were set up around the university’s main quad and White Plaza, where the encampment had been since early April. In a statement, the university said that the encampment violated a number of university policies but had been allowed to remain in place prior to the occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation on campus has now crossed the line from peaceful protest to actions that threaten the safety of our community,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989123\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989123\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University workers break down a pro-Palestinian encampment in White Plaza on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aaron Schimmel, a Jewish graduate student at Stanford, said he felt the university had not taken violations of school rules by protesters seriously enough before the occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just mob rule on campus,” Schimmel said while standing outside the president’s office Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tree, a 20-year-old student who declined to share her last name for fear of retaliation by the university, called the school’s decision to remove the encampment “cowardly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='campus-protests']“It’s more important now than ever to mobilize and keep our eyes and keep our goals towards a free Palestine, because that is ultimately what we are fighting for,” Tree told KQED. “More than divestment, more than just our right to free speech, more than more rights and protections for Muslim, Palestinian and Arab students, we want a free Palestine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group behind the building occupation, Stanford for Palestine, wants Stanford’s Board of Trustees to consider a proposal to divest from companies tied to Israel’s military assault on the Gaza Strip and for Saller to support the bill. Activists also demand that the university drop all disciplinary action against students involved in previous pro-Palestinian protests on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Emily Williams, a spokesperson for the students, they “believe that Stanford has not acted in good faith or moved in the direction of divestment, and so their demands still remain the same, which are divestment from companies that are materially and or monetarily contributing to or working with the Zionist, Israeli entity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said the students who were arrested were being held at the Santa Clara County Main Jail in San Jose as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Joseph Geha contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Stanford Protest Camp Dismantled After 13 Arrests at Pro-Palestinian Occupation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:35 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 13 people were arrested when pro-Palestinian activists barricaded themselves inside the office of Stanford’s president Wednesday morning, campus officials cleared \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">a protest encampment\u003c/a> that had been set up weeks earlier on a central plaza, university officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters entered the building housing the offices of the university president and provost off the main quad early Wednesday, the final day of classes for the spring quarter, saying they planned to stay until their demands were met or they were forcibly removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford police and Santa Clara County sheriff’s officials responded and began arresting people within about two hours, and by 9:45 a.m. the building was cleared, according to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters trying to interfere with a transport vehicle shoved a public safety officer, who was injured, university spokesperson Dee Mostofi said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said they found damage inside the building, and the sandstone exterior of the building and others around it in the main quad area were graffitied with messages including “kill cops,” “death to Israel” and “free Palestine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This graffiti conveys vile and hateful sentiments that we condemn in the strongest terms,” President Richard Saller and Provost Jenny Martinez wrote in a statement. “Whether the graffiti was created by members of the Stanford community or outsiders, we expect that the vast majority of our community joins us in rejecting this assault on our campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who were arrested will be immediately suspended, and any who are seniors will be barred from graduating, Saller and Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989121\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University workers remove American and Israeli flags from an installment at White Plaza on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the people arrested was a \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> reporter covering the occupation, according to a representative for the student newspaper. In a statement, the \u003cem>Daily\u003c/em> told KQED that the student was wearing \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> attire and a press badge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the law enforcement arrests, campus officials also cleared the pro-Palestinian encampment on Stanford’s White Plaza as well as a nearby pro-Israel installation with U.S. and Israeli flags. Barricades were set up around the university’s main quad and White Plaza, where the encampment had been since early April. In a statement, the university said that the encampment violated a number of university policies but had been allowed to remain in place prior to the occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation on campus has now crossed the line from peaceful protest to actions that threaten the safety of our community,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989123\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989123\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University workers break down a pro-Palestinian encampment in White Plaza on June 5, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aaron Schimmel, a Jewish graduate student at Stanford, said he felt the university had not taken violations of school rules by protesters seriously enough before the occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just mob rule on campus,” Schimmel said while standing outside the president’s office Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tree, a 20-year-old student who declined to share her last name for fear of retaliation by the university, called the school’s decision to remove the encampment “cowardly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s more important now than ever to mobilize and keep our eyes and keep our goals towards a free Palestine, because that is ultimately what we are fighting for,” Tree told KQED. “More than divestment, more than just our right to free speech, more than more rights and protections for Muslim, Palestinian and Arab students, we want a free Palestine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group behind the building occupation, Stanford for Palestine, wants Stanford’s Board of Trustees to consider a proposal to divest from companies tied to Israel’s military assault on the Gaza Strip and for Saller to support the bill. Activists also demand that the university drop all disciplinary action against students involved in previous pro-Palestinian protests on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Emily Williams, a spokesperson for the students, they “believe that Stanford has not acted in good faith or moved in the direction of divestment, and so their demands still remain the same, which are divestment from companies that are materially and or monetarily contributing to or working with the Zionist, Israeli entity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said the students who were arrested were being held at the Santa Clara County Main Jail in San Jose as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Joseph Geha contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "oakland-schools-ditch-the-diesel-with-new-all-electric-school-bus-fleet",
"title": "Oakland Schools Ditch Diesel With New All-Electric School Bus Fleet",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland Unified will soon become the first major district in the country to host an all-electric fleet of school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 1,300 special education students in the district, who have the option of riding the buses, can look forward to quieter and cleaner rides starting at the beginning of the next school year, in August. (Unlike some other Bay Area districts, OUSD does not offer busing for most of its students.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ousdnews/posts/pfbid0KE5MdV5nv4LbQ993mYiZ7ZttedxMoJXF72n4LgaSx3ocPsneydKqp973nRiyHbwfl\">a Facebook post last month\u003c/a>, the district announced its new partnership with school transportation company Zum (pronounced ZOOM), based in Redwood City, which is providing and managing the 74-bus fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ridezum.com/blog/zum-launches-nations-first-100-electrified-bidirectional-v2g-school-bus-fleet-in-oakland-ca/\">Zum estimates\u003c/a> the buses will prevent about 25,000 tons of greenhouse gases from entering the environment each year — the amount it said that 74 diesel buses would likely produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicles are all equipped with bidirectional chargers that replenish the buses overnight but can also enable them to serve as power sources when needed. Zum said its AI technology monitors the buses’ energy use and determines the best times to return power back to the grid while calculating the most efficient bus routes based on traffic patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families will also be able to use an app to track the buses their children are riding on and receive updates about delays, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its initial five-year contract, OUSD will pay Zum $11.2 million a year to run the buses, according to Kimberly Raney, OUSD’s transportation director. About half of the district’s total costs for the service will be covered by federal, state and private grants, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a true partnership of how we do what’s right for the kids,” Raney said. “Oakland is really the perfect place for this. We have a lot of special education kids who need to travel to school using our bus systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel exhaust is one of the main air pollutants in California and has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and aggravated asthma, among other negative health impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=mcnair#:~:text=Visits%20in%20Oakland,-There%20is%20an&text=For%20West%20Oakland%20children%20aged,rate%20of%20421.9%20per%20100%2C000\">2017 study\u003c/a> found significantly elevated rates of asthma among children in West and East Oakland living near freeways, the port and other high-traffic corridors, with Black and Latino children making up more than 60% of Alameda County’s asthma-related hospitalizations.[aside postID=\"news_11973450,news_11980715,science_1992222\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“OUSD is the first, but there is an eagerness from federal, state, and local partners across the country to electrify their school bus fleets,” Ritu Narayan, Zum’s CEO and co-founder, said in an email. The company, she notes, already has existing contracts with smaller Southern California districts as well as contracts with San Francisco and Los Angeles school districts. “Our goal is to expand the program and have 10,000 electric school buses deployed across the country over the next several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E worked with Zum for two years to complete the large East Oakland charging site for the bus fleet, a project that required significant infrastructure upgrades, including the installation of a new transformer and 171 feet of underground infrastructure, according to Paul Doherty, a spokesperson for the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although OUSD is ahead of the curve in its bus electrification efforts, the district’s move marks a transition that most school districts in California will have to start making within the next decade. That’s due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AB-579-Signing-Message.pdf\">a 2023 state law\u003c/a> requiring all new or leased state school buses to be zero-emission beginning in 2035 — with extensions for rural school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing for the state to spend $1.8 billion over the next five years to help districts acquire more zero-emission buses and charging equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature had initially committed $500 million annually toward electric school buses for the next two school years. Newson’s budget plan would add nearly $400 million more to the pot for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987992\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987992\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a green shirt and a man wearing a dark shirt stand in between two school buses and a charging station.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zum CEO Ritu Narayan (front) and COO Vivek Garg pose with the first of the 74 electric school buses it will be running in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Zum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/newsom-prioritizes-electric-school-buses-over-preschool-for-children-with-disabilities/712445\">proposal has proven controversial\u003c/a> among some education advocates and parents, as the money would come at the expense of the state’s Inclusive Early Education Expansion Program, which helps train preschool teachers to better serve children with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a special education administrator and somebody who’s been in the special education field, I think students with disabilities are more important than electric buses,” Anthony Rebelo, chair of the Coalition for Adequate Funding for Special Education, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/newsom-prioritizes-electric-school-buses-over-preschool-for-children-with-disabilities/712445\">recently told EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School bus driver Marjorie Urbina has been picking up and dropping off students in San Francisco for decades and has experience driving more than a dozen different types of school buses. She began working in Oakland two years ago and now drives for Zum on a contract basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urbina said the Zum buses are much quieter and easier to clean, and the driver’s seat is more comfortable than other buses she’s driven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new buses also have driver-side tablets that display navigation tools and allow drivers and dispatchers to connect in real-time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the new buses, we asked for certain things, like making the ceiling more soundproof to help diffuse the noise of the kids,” Urbina said, noting that those improvements have made her job a bit easier. “That atmosphere of having a quiet bus keeps the environment inside a little more relaxed.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many special education students in Oakland will ride on quieter and cleaner buses starting next school year, when Oakland Unified becomes the first major district in the country to launch an all-electric fleet of school buses. ",
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"title": "Oakland Schools Ditch Diesel With New All-Electric School Bus Fleet | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland Unified will soon become the first major district in the country to host an all-electric fleet of school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 1,300 special education students in the district, who have the option of riding the buses, can look forward to quieter and cleaner rides starting at the beginning of the next school year, in August. (Unlike some other Bay Area districts, OUSD does not offer busing for most of its students.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ousdnews/posts/pfbid0KE5MdV5nv4LbQ993mYiZ7ZttedxMoJXF72n4LgaSx3ocPsneydKqp973nRiyHbwfl\">a Facebook post last month\u003c/a>, the district announced its new partnership with school transportation company Zum (pronounced ZOOM), based in Redwood City, which is providing and managing the 74-bus fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ridezum.com/blog/zum-launches-nations-first-100-electrified-bidirectional-v2g-school-bus-fleet-in-oakland-ca/\">Zum estimates\u003c/a> the buses will prevent about 25,000 tons of greenhouse gases from entering the environment each year — the amount it said that 74 diesel buses would likely produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicles are all equipped with bidirectional chargers that replenish the buses overnight but can also enable them to serve as power sources when needed. Zum said its AI technology monitors the buses’ energy use and determines the best times to return power back to the grid while calculating the most efficient bus routes based on traffic patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families will also be able to use an app to track the buses their children are riding on and receive updates about delays, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its initial five-year contract, OUSD will pay Zum $11.2 million a year to run the buses, according to Kimberly Raney, OUSD’s transportation director. About half of the district’s total costs for the service will be covered by federal, state and private grants, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a true partnership of how we do what’s right for the kids,” Raney said. “Oakland is really the perfect place for this. We have a lot of special education kids who need to travel to school using our bus systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel exhaust is one of the main air pollutants in California and has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and aggravated asthma, among other negative health impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=mcnair#:~:text=Visits%20in%20Oakland,-There%20is%20an&text=For%20West%20Oakland%20children%20aged,rate%20of%20421.9%20per%20100%2C000\">2017 study\u003c/a> found significantly elevated rates of asthma among children in West and East Oakland living near freeways, the port and other high-traffic corridors, with Black and Latino children making up more than 60% of Alameda County’s asthma-related hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“OUSD is the first, but there is an eagerness from federal, state, and local partners across the country to electrify their school bus fleets,” Ritu Narayan, Zum’s CEO and co-founder, said in an email. The company, she notes, already has existing contracts with smaller Southern California districts as well as contracts with San Francisco and Los Angeles school districts. “Our goal is to expand the program and have 10,000 electric school buses deployed across the country over the next several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E worked with Zum for two years to complete the large East Oakland charging site for the bus fleet, a project that required significant infrastructure upgrades, including the installation of a new transformer and 171 feet of underground infrastructure, according to Paul Doherty, a spokesperson for the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although OUSD is ahead of the curve in its bus electrification efforts, the district’s move marks a transition that most school districts in California will have to start making within the next decade. That’s due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AB-579-Signing-Message.pdf\">a 2023 state law\u003c/a> requiring all new or leased state school buses to be zero-emission beginning in 2035 — with extensions for rural school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing for the state to spend $1.8 billion over the next five years to help districts acquire more zero-emission buses and charging equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature had initially committed $500 million annually toward electric school buses for the next two school years. Newson’s budget plan would add nearly $400 million more to the pot for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987992\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987992\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a green shirt and a man wearing a dark shirt stand in between two school buses and a charging station.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1708\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/Zum_0307_highres-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zum CEO Ritu Narayan (front) and COO Vivek Garg pose with the first of the 74 electric school buses it will be running in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Zum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/newsom-prioritizes-electric-school-buses-over-preschool-for-children-with-disabilities/712445\">proposal has proven controversial\u003c/a> among some education advocates and parents, as the money would come at the expense of the state’s Inclusive Early Education Expansion Program, which helps train preschool teachers to better serve children with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a special education administrator and somebody who’s been in the special education field, I think students with disabilities are more important than electric buses,” Anthony Rebelo, chair of the Coalition for Adequate Funding for Special Education, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/newsom-prioritizes-electric-school-buses-over-preschool-for-children-with-disabilities/712445\">recently told EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School bus driver Marjorie Urbina has been picking up and dropping off students in San Francisco for decades and has experience driving more than a dozen different types of school buses. She began working in Oakland two years ago and now drives for Zum on a contract basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urbina said the Zum buses are much quieter and easier to clean, and the driver’s seat is more comfortable than other buses she’s driven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new buses also have driver-side tablets that display navigation tools and allow drivers and dispatchers to connect in real-time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the new buses, we asked for certain things, like making the ceiling more soundproof to help diffuse the noise of the kids,” Urbina said, noting that those improvements have made her job a bit easier. “That atmosphere of having a quiet bus keeps the environment inside a little more relaxed.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
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