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"content": "\u003cp>DETROIT — A federal judge's order that bars Uber from using technology taken by a star engineer before he left Waymo is bad news for Uber and likely will hurt the ride-hailing company's own self-driving research, according to legal experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by District Judge William Alsup in San Francisco Monday was mainly a victory for Waymo, the autonomous car unit spun off from Google, even though the judge refused to order a halt to Uber's autonomous car research as Waymo had requested, the experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo showed \"compelling evidence\" that a former Waymo engineer named Anthony Levandowski downloaded thousands of confidential files before leaving the company, the order said. Levandowski set up his own firms, which then were sold to Uber for $680 million. Evidence showed that Levandowski and Uber planned the acquisitions before Levandowski left Waymo, Alsup's order said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He clearly believes that Levandowski is guilty as sin and that Uber hired him, knowing this full well,\" said John Coffee, a Columbia University law professor who specializes in white-collar crime and corporate governance. \"He is ruling that some of this information is stolen (or \"misappropriated\"), and in the long run that will likely have a devastating impact on Uber.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yWajGW1N6igWyBiSKpFUSxT3P2ykOew5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/24/google-spin-off-sues-uber-saying-leader-of-autonomous-vehicle-unit-stole-key-designs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued Uber in February\u003c/a> alleging that the ride-hailing company is using stolen self-driving technology to build its own autonomous cars. Monday's ruling prevents Uber from using the technology on a laser navigational tool called Lidar that robotic cars use to see what's around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is the evidence indicates that Uber hired Levandowski, even though it knew or should have known that he possessed over 14,000 confidential Waymo files,\" Alsup wrote. \"At least some information from those files, if not the files themselves, has seeped into Uber's own Lidar development efforts.\" Uber was ordered to return all downloaded materials to Waymo by noon on May 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup ordered Uber to remove Levandowski from any role in Lidar, and that it stop him from copying or otherwise using the downloaded materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459442\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"The judge's ruling prevents Uber from using technology on a laser navigational tool called Lidar that robotic cars use to see what’s around them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-800x508.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-1180x750.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-960x610.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-520x330.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The judge's ruling prevents Uber from using technology on a laser navigational tool called Lidar that robotic cars use to see what’s around them. \u003ccite>(Jeff Swensen/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Waymo had sought to shut down Uber's autonomous car program until the dispute is settled. But Alsup determined that Waymo's patent infringement theories were too weak to support such an order. The judge ruled that although it's hard to imagine that Levandowski \"plundered Waymo's vault the way he did\" with no intent to use the material, Waymo still fell short of showing that the trade secrets were used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber said in a statement Monday that it's pleased the court allowed it to continue the research, including its own Lidar innovations. \"We look forward to moving toward trial and continuing to demonstrate that our technology has been built independently from the ground up,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo, which is part of Google parent Alphabet Inc., said it welcomed the order stopping Uber from using \"stolen documents containing trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, coupled with Alsup's order last week referring the case to federal prosecutors, signals that Alsup is leaning toward Waymo based on evidence thus far, said Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond. \"I think it's pretty clear that he sees it for the plaintiffs as opposed to defendants,\" Tobias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-stakes corporate espionage case now will proceed to evidence exchanges between both sides and will go to trial if not settled, Tobias said. It could take months or more than a year to be resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling will hamper Uber's ability to develop a self-driving car more quickly than Waymo, Coffee said, but it's too early to say if Uber will be crippled by the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levandowski formed Ottomotto, a self-driving vehicle startup, on Jan. 15, 2016. Twelve days later, he resigned from Waymo without any notice. The following August, Uber bought Ottomotto and hired Levandowski to lead its self-driving car efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Alsup took the rare step of referring the case to federal prosecutors for an investigation of possible criminal misconduct. The U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco hasn't responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Monday, Waymo confirmed that it is teaming up to test autonomous vehicles with Lyft, Uber's main ride-hailing competitor, in a potential challenge to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is the evidence indicates that Uber hired Levandowski, even though it knew or should have known that he possessed over 14,000 confidential Waymo files,\" Alsup wrote. \"At least some information from those files, if not the files themselves, has seeped into Uber's own Lidar development efforts.\" Uber was ordered to return all downloaded materials to Waymo by noon on May 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup ordered Uber to remove Levandowski from any role in Lidar, and that it stop him from copying or otherwise using the downloaded materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459442\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459442\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"The judge's ruling prevents Uber from using technology on a laser navigational tool called Lidar that robotic cars use to see what’s around them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-800x508.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-1180x750.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-960x610.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/UberSelfDriving2-520x330.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The judge's ruling prevents Uber from using technology on a laser navigational tool called Lidar that robotic cars use to see what’s around them. \u003ccite>(Jeff Swensen/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Waymo had sought to shut down Uber's autonomous car program until the dispute is settled. But Alsup determined that Waymo's patent infringement theories were too weak to support such an order. The judge ruled that although it's hard to imagine that Levandowski \"plundered Waymo's vault the way he did\" with no intent to use the material, Waymo still fell short of showing that the trade secrets were used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber said in a statement Monday that it's pleased the court allowed it to continue the research, including its own Lidar innovations. \"We look forward to moving toward trial and continuing to demonstrate that our technology has been built independently from the ground up,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo, which is part of Google parent Alphabet Inc., said it welcomed the order stopping Uber from using \"stolen documents containing trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, coupled with Alsup's order last week referring the case to federal prosecutors, signals that Alsup is leaning toward Waymo based on evidence thus far, said Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond. \"I think it's pretty clear that he sees it for the plaintiffs as opposed to defendants,\" Tobias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-stakes corporate espionage case now will proceed to evidence exchanges between both sides and will go to trial if not settled, Tobias said. It could take months or more than a year to be resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling will hamper Uber's ability to develop a self-driving car more quickly than Waymo, Coffee said, but it's too early to say if Uber will be crippled by the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levandowski formed Ottomotto, a self-driving vehicle startup, on Jan. 15, 2016. Twelve days later, he resigned from Waymo without any notice. The following August, Uber bought Ottomotto and hired Levandowski to lead its self-driving car efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Alsup took the rare step of referring the case to federal prosecutors for an investigation of possible criminal misconduct. The U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco hasn't responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Monday, Waymo confirmed that it is teaming up to test autonomous vehicles with Lyft, Uber's main ride-hailing competitor, in a potential challenge to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ex-Governor's Ambitions Paved Way to Oroville Dam Crisis, Records Say",
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"content": "\u003cp>Historical records reveal\u003ca href=\"http://governors.library.ca.gov/32-pbrown.html\"> the late Gov. Pat Brown\u003c/a> misled voters about the cost of building the nation's tallest dam, ignored recommendations to delay construction and dismissed allegations that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">substandard materials\u003c/a> were used to build the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years before a damaged spillway at the Oroville Dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/13/180000-still-evacuated-from-oroville-dam-emergency/\">forced thousands of people to evacuate\u003c/a>, Brown's administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article150278687.html\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville Dam is one of the anchors of the state's water supply system. In February, two spillways at the 770-foot-tall dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/15/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded/\">began ripping away \u003c/a>under unusually heavy rain and snow melt, threatening to flood towns downstream. Nearly 200,000 people were given only an hour's notice to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459354\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11459354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg 592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-375x476.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-520x660.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edmund G. \"Pat\" Brown, 32nd governor of California \u003ccite>(California State Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state got a handle on the crisis, and it is rushing to carry out hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the next rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bee said it didn't find anything in the historical records that directly foreshadowed the spillway troubles. But experts believe the mess was caused at least in part by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\"> design and construction problems\u003c/a> decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may come back to engineering hubris, and engineering hubris inevitably comes back to bite us in the butt in California,\" said Jeffrey Mount, a geologist and water expert at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was bent on building a dam and the accompanying\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\"> State Water Project\u003c/a> to expand water deliveries to the parched southern half of California, state archives, oral history interviews and other documents reveal. He campaigned relentlessly and convinced the Legislature and then the voters to approve a $1.75 billion bond measure when the federal government couldn't help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later acknowledged in an interview for an oral history project at UC Berkeley that he and his advisers realized the project's true cost was probably around $2.5 billion, but they weren't sure voters could handle such a number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believed cost didn't really matter, given what was at stake. When advisers urged him to postpone construction because of cost issues, he reasoned that delay would only lead to higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need water. Whatever it costs, you have to have it,\" he told the Berkeley interviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam's construction took five years and was rife with problems. Local historians say 34 men died building the dam and the surrounding infrastructure. Workers went on numerous strikes, and in 1964 at least three state workers were fired for buying land near the dam site, knowing they'd profit when the state bought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy came in 1964 when an Oroville newspaper published allegations that substandard materials were being used at the construction site. Brown called the story \"irresponsible and erroneous.\" State officials later wrote a report that said there was no evidence that the dam \"was designed or is being built in an unsafe manner.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"m0arIJKKfesRWOrf4Wopo0gqhM9xKG96\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. David Rogers, an engineering expert and dam historian at Missouri University of Science & Technology, said the main spillway apparently didn't get the same level of attention as the main dam. Top engineers and consultants were brought in from all over the world to ensure the bedrock was strong enough to support the dam. The spillways, however, were built on much more weathered rock that easily crumbled this winter, Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After construction was completed in 1968, the dam and Lake Oroville played a critical role in California's booming economic and population growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No other state ever attempted anything like this,\" Rogers said. \"It was larger than any federal dam when it was built. It was the largest non-federal public works project in world history. Nothing else out there was as big and as ambitious as the California Water Project.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Brown saw the Oroville Dam and the water project as chances to leave his personal legacy. \"I think it's a monument to me, and I'm very proud of it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Historical records reveal\u003ca href=\"http://governors.library.ca.gov/32-pbrown.html\"> the late Gov. Pat Brown\u003c/a> misled voters about the cost of building the nation's tallest dam, ignored recommendations to delay construction and dismissed allegations that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">substandard materials\u003c/a> were used to build the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years before a damaged spillway at the Oroville Dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/13/180000-still-evacuated-from-oroville-dam-emergency/\">forced thousands of people to evacuate\u003c/a>, Brown's administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article150278687.html\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville Dam is one of the anchors of the state's water supply system. In February, two spillways at the 770-foot-tall dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/15/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded/\">began ripping away \u003c/a>under unusually heavy rain and snow melt, threatening to flood towns downstream. Nearly 200,000 people were given only an hour's notice to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459354\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11459354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg 592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-375x476.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-520x660.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edmund G. \"Pat\" Brown, 32nd governor of California \u003ccite>(California State Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state got a handle on the crisis, and it is rushing to carry out hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the next rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bee said it didn't find anything in the historical records that directly foreshadowed the spillway troubles. But experts believe the mess was caused at least in part by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\"> design and construction problems\u003c/a> decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may come back to engineering hubris, and engineering hubris inevitably comes back to bite us in the butt in California,\" said Jeffrey Mount, a geologist and water expert at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was bent on building a dam and the accompanying\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\"> State Water Project\u003c/a> to expand water deliveries to the parched southern half of California, state archives, oral history interviews and other documents reveal. He campaigned relentlessly and convinced the Legislature and then the voters to approve a $1.75 billion bond measure when the federal government couldn't help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later acknowledged in an interview for an oral history project at UC Berkeley that he and his advisers realized the project's true cost was probably around $2.5 billion, but they weren't sure voters could handle such a number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believed cost didn't really matter, given what was at stake. When advisers urged him to postpone construction because of cost issues, he reasoned that delay would only lead to higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need water. Whatever it costs, you have to have it,\" he told the Berkeley interviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam's construction took five years and was rife with problems. Local historians say 34 men died building the dam and the surrounding infrastructure. Workers went on numerous strikes, and in 1964 at least three state workers were fired for buying land near the dam site, knowing they'd profit when the state bought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy came in 1964 when an Oroville newspaper published allegations that substandard materials were being used at the construction site. Brown called the story \"irresponsible and erroneous.\" State officials later wrote a report that said there was no evidence that the dam \"was designed or is being built in an unsafe manner.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. David Rogers, an engineering expert and dam historian at Missouri University of Science & Technology, said the main spillway apparently didn't get the same level of attention as the main dam. Top engineers and consultants were brought in from all over the world to ensure the bedrock was strong enough to support the dam. The spillways, however, were built on much more weathered rock that easily crumbled this winter, Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After construction was completed in 1968, the dam and Lake Oroville played a critical role in California's booming economic and population growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No other state ever attempted anything like this,\" Rogers said. \"It was larger than any federal dam when it was built. It was the largest non-federal public works project in world history. Nothing else out there was as big and as ambitious as the California Water Project.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Brown saw the Oroville Dam and the water project as chances to leave his personal legacy. \"I think it's a monument to me, and I'm very proud of it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers blasted state water officials Thursday for their oversight of the half-century-old dam that anchors the state's water system in a hearing focusing on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">design problems and aging\u003c/a> that contributed to the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This frightens me, that this was built in this manner,\" state Assemblyman Jim Frazier, a Democrat and an engineer by training, told the state officials overseeing the Oroville Dam, the nation's tallest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frazier cited \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">post-crisis inspection reports\u003c/a> of concrete as thin as the width of the palm of a hand on Oroville's main spillway. \"We have some things we need to address so this doesn't happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water-release spillways at the 770-foot-high dam, completed in the late 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/16/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong/\">washed away\u003c/a> during heavy rain and snow in February. Authorities ordered the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/six-weeks-after-crisis-oroville-evacuation-orders-finally-lifted/\">evacuation of people \u003c/a>in parts of three counties downstream, for fear that water was about to spill out of the lake — the state's second-largest — and roar through cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a hearing in Sacramento on the crisis, lawmakers cited emerging technical reports from two independent teams of experts on the Oroville Dam's two spillways. Problem areas identified so far include concrete that was far thinner than modern standards call for, cracks, tree roots that had blocked spillway drains, and bedrock anchoring the dam that was far weaker than assumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public and private dam-safety officials say the investigation into the problems at the Oroville Dam is being watched nationally, for lessons and warnings about the nation's other aging dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,\" said James Gallagher, a Republican Assemblyman who had been one of the people downstream of the dam evacuating with an hour's notice on Feb. 12. \"It risks the lives of my constituents and the complete shutdown of California's water system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Water Resources officials have repeatedly acknowledged that the earthen dam was designed to looser standards than today. David Gutierrez, a consultant for the state water agency, told lawmakers that the state's inspections of the spillways before the crisis had fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we've got to take a look at the process, because it didn't work,\" Gutierrez said of the state's routine for inspections of the Oroville dam's main spillway.[contextly_sidebar id=\"iISX5L3VgyYuzX9gyKGz2n2FMePWJCca\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sheriff ordered the evacuation when the main spillway and then the emergency spillway at Oroville collapsed over several days, raising fears that several dozen feet of the earth and concrete that made up the emergency spillway could give way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting director of the state water agency, rejected complaints from some critics that the state had focused on the Oroville Dam as a water supply for roughly two dozen water companies and about 26 million Californians, rather than as a flooding threat to communities below. \"The decisions we've had to make ... are focused on public safety as No. 1,\" Croyle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently puts the cost of managing the spillway crisis and repairing the damage at more than a half-billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources said earlier this week it was asking the Federal Emergency Management Agency to fund 75 percent of all construction costs, on the grounds it was a public safety emergency. Federal authorities have not yet responded publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by lawmakers to explain\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/15/oroville-dam-crisis-highlights-infrastructure-needs-within-state/\"> the state's plans \u003c/a>for funding the repairs, John Laird, the state's secretary of natural resources, pointed to water districts in Central and Southern California that rely on water from the Oroville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got a contract with the state water contractors, so that's where it starts,\" Laird said. \"They pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers blasted state water officials Thursday for their oversight of the half-century-old dam that anchors the state's water system in a hearing focusing on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">design problems and aging\u003c/a> that contributed to the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This frightens me, that this was built in this manner,\" state Assemblyman Jim Frazier, a Democrat and an engineer by training, told the state officials overseeing the Oroville Dam, the nation's tallest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frazier cited \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">post-crisis inspection reports\u003c/a> of concrete as thin as the width of the palm of a hand on Oroville's main spillway. \"We have some things we need to address so this doesn't happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water-release spillways at the 770-foot-high dam, completed in the late 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/16/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong/\">washed away\u003c/a> during heavy rain and snow in February. Authorities ordered the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/six-weeks-after-crisis-oroville-evacuation-orders-finally-lifted/\">evacuation of people \u003c/a>in parts of three counties downstream, for fear that water was about to spill out of the lake — the state's second-largest — and roar through cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a hearing in Sacramento on the crisis, lawmakers cited emerging technical reports from two independent teams of experts on the Oroville Dam's two spillways. Problem areas identified so far include concrete that was far thinner than modern standards call for, cracks, tree roots that had blocked spillway drains, and bedrock anchoring the dam that was far weaker than assumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public and private dam-safety officials say the investigation into the problems at the Oroville Dam is being watched nationally, for lessons and warnings about the nation's other aging dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,\" said James Gallagher, a Republican Assemblyman who had been one of the people downstream of the dam evacuating with an hour's notice on Feb. 12. \"It risks the lives of my constituents and the complete shutdown of California's water system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Water Resources officials have repeatedly acknowledged that the earthen dam was designed to looser standards than today. David Gutierrez, a consultant for the state water agency, told lawmakers that the state's inspections of the spillways before the crisis had fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we've got to take a look at the process, because it didn't work,\" Gutierrez said of the state's routine for inspections of the Oroville dam's main spillway.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sheriff ordered the evacuation when the main spillway and then the emergency spillway at Oroville collapsed over several days, raising fears that several dozen feet of the earth and concrete that made up the emergency spillway could give way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting director of the state water agency, rejected complaints from some critics that the state had focused on the Oroville Dam as a water supply for roughly two dozen water companies and about 26 million Californians, rather than as a flooding threat to communities below. \"The decisions we've had to make ... are focused on public safety as No. 1,\" Croyle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently puts the cost of managing the spillway crisis and repairing the damage at more than a half-billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources said earlier this week it was asking the Federal Emergency Management Agency to fund 75 percent of all construction costs, on the grounds it was a public safety emergency. Federal authorities have not yet responded publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by lawmakers to explain\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/15/oroville-dam-crisis-highlights-infrastructure-needs-within-state/\"> the state's plans \u003c/a>for funding the repairs, John Laird, the state's secretary of natural resources, pointed to water districts in Central and Southern California that rely on water from the Oroville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got a contract with the state water contractors, so that's where it starts,\" Laird said. \"They pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Does a $400 Juice Machine Matter?",
"title": "Does a $400 Juice Machine Matter?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>Ever see a technology story come across your news feed or hear your friends talking about some amazing new scientific study and find yourself unsure of what to believe, and whether it's important to your life? \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Us, too. That's why we're starting a new segment called \u003cb>Does This Matter?\u003c/b> \u003ci>It's a news game show where technology and science journalists try to convince host John Sepulvado that the buzzy technology and science does -- or doesn't -- matter.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/05/2017-05-11d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Juicero-800x389.jpg\" Title=\"Does a $400 Juice Machine Matter?\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Juicero: Out-of-Touch Venture Capitalists or Run-of-the-Mill Silicon Valley Flop?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Doug Evans loves cold-pressed juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He helped found Organic Avenue, a popular juice shop in New York City, in 2002. Ten years later, he was out of a job there and looking to get his cold-pressed juice fix at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans spent more than three years working through a \u003ca href=\"https://www.juicero.com/blog/juicero/the-journey-to-juicero/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dozen prototypes\u003c/a> before unveiling Juicero: a countertop juice maker that squeezes pre-packaged cut-up fruits and vegetables into an 8-ounce glass of juice. Here's the rub: Many of the venture capitalists who invested a combined $120 million in Evans' juicer never saw any of those prototypes before handing over their money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also costs $400, down from its original $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the internet pounced on Evans and Juicero, (see: \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/19/15357340/juicero-juicer-not-actually-necessary-for-juicing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/the-juice-revolution-is-bullshit-1769366734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/965142/startups-like-juicero-are-incapable-of-seeing-their-own-absurdities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/VDower/status/859084141765283841\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SteveLemongello/status/854785080363016192\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BronzeHammer/status/854714881697865728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fjuicero_us_58f793abe4b0de5bac43242f\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things got even worse for the tech company when Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-04-19/silicon-valley-s-400-juicer-may-be-feeling-the-squeeze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a video\u003c/a> showing one of their reporters squeezing the bags of cut-up fruits and vegetables with her bare hands and getting essentially the same glass of juice the $400 machine makes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lutHF5HhVA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, it was a textbook example of a real problem: out-of-touch Silicon Valley investors throwing money at a product that has no use for regular people. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/4/21/15376038/juicero-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Others\u003c/a> argue that Silicon Valley companies have to be allowed to fail spectacularly if others are going to change the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We put the question to Bloomberg's Ellen Huet, whose hands have been seen around the world squeezing Juicero juice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does Juicero matter?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think I can argue that Juicero the machine matters,\" Huet says, \"but it shows that there are these cracks in our venture capital system and it's worth examining how did that happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huet says part of it is who venture capitalists usually are: wealthy men who might be more interested in shelling out $400 for a glass of juice than a regular person. This lack of diversity can lead investors to fund companies that might appeal only to a small segment of the population and leave other companies without the money they need to get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we think the wrong companies are getting funded,\" Huet says, \"it's probably worth discussing what are different structures and incentives we could try to create in the venture capital industry where we would be funding companies that are arguably more worthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Huet admits the Juicero does make a delicious glass of juice, she says the fact that this company succeeded in raising $120 million from investors without them seeing so much as a prototype is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about a lot more than just juice,\" she says. \"It's about how we get new businesses and how people manage to make the next startups we're going to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans spent more than three years working through a \u003ca href=\"https://www.juicero.com/blog/juicero/the-journey-to-juicero/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dozen prototypes\u003c/a> before unveiling Juicero: a countertop juice maker that squeezes pre-packaged cut-up fruits and vegetables into an 8-ounce glass of juice. Here's the rub: Many of the venture capitalists who invested a combined $120 million in Evans' juicer never saw any of those prototypes before handing over their money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also costs $400, down from its original $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the internet pounced on Evans and Juicero, (see: \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/19/15357340/juicero-juicer-not-actually-necessary-for-juicing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/the-juice-revolution-is-bullshit-1769366734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/965142/startups-like-juicero-are-incapable-of-seeing-their-own-absurdities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Things got even worse for the tech company when Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-04-19/silicon-valley-s-400-juicer-may-be-feeling-the-squeeze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a video\u003c/a> showing one of their reporters squeezing the bags of cut-up fruits and vegetables with her bare hands and getting essentially the same glass of juice the $400 machine makes.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5lutHF5HhVA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5lutHF5HhVA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>For many, it was a textbook example of a real problem: out-of-touch Silicon Valley investors throwing money at a product that has no use for regular people. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/4/21/15376038/juicero-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Others\u003c/a> argue that Silicon Valley companies have to be allowed to fail spectacularly if others are going to change the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We put the question to Bloomberg's Ellen Huet, whose hands have been seen around the world squeezing Juicero juice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Does Juicero matter?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think I can argue that Juicero the machine matters,\" Huet says, \"but it shows that there are these cracks in our venture capital system and it's worth examining how did that happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huet says part of it is who venture capitalists usually are: wealthy men who might be more interested in shelling out $400 for a glass of juice than a regular person. This lack of diversity can lead investors to fund companies that might appeal only to a small segment of the population and leave other companies without the money they need to get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we think the wrong companies are getting funded,\" Huet says, \"it's probably worth discussing what are different structures and incentives we could try to create in the venture capital industry where we would be funding companies that are arguably more worthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Huet admits the Juicero does make a delicious glass of juice, she says the fact that this company succeeded in raising $120 million from investors without them seeing so much as a prototype is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about a lot more than just juice,\" she says. \"It's about how we get new businesses and how people manage to make the next startups we're going to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As California lawmakers continue to kill soda tax proposals, a new analysis found that the industry has disproportionately directed campaign contributions to members of the Latino Caucus in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MapLight\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that tracks campaign spending, found that the soda industry gave, on average, twice as much campaign cash to members of the Latino Caucus as to the average member of the state Legislature in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis of campaign contributions from beverage trade groups, as well as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, found that while the 24-member Latino Caucus makes up less than one-quarter of the overall Legislature, they received 42 percent of soda industry contributions during the 2015-16 election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Fw56cLdaksGnPnRZCo8KkXZcyGiQnLnC\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alec Saslow, MapLight's communications director, said the organization was surprised by the findings -- and even more interested when it looked at how members who received money from the soda industry voted on past soda tax proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been five proposed taxes since 2002. The most recent was \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1003\">held in the Assembly Health Committee last month for study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, said Saslow, members simply abstained from weighing in on soda tax proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we took a look at the voting patterns and a bill that died in the Assembly Health Committee in 2015, we found that three Latino Caucus members abstained from voting, and those members received an average $16,000 from the soda industry, and were among the top recipients of soda industry money,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saslow said the trend extended to the entire health committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis found that the industry funneled 2.3 times as much money to members of the committee that voted against or abstained from voting on the proposed tax as to those who voted for the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Latino Caucus members were given $5,198 by the soda industry, but the top recipients were given between $14,000 and nearly $19,000 last election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, the industry gave about $332,000 to lawmakers last campaign cycle, a tiny proportion of overall campaign contributions. For example, the top recipient of soda money, Assemblyman Miguel Santiago, received $18,925.82 from the soda industry but $1.2 million in overall campaign contributions. A spokesman for Santiago declined to comment on the MapLight analysis. The American Beverage Association did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saslow said the findings are still striking, even if other industries are bigger players in Sacramento. He said $300,000 is a lot of money to most voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does deserve public attention that self-interested corporations ... are making use of money to even potentially influence a vote,\" he said. \"The contribution pattern itself underscores a larger systematic problem, which is essentially the outsized influence of corporations and wealthy donors in funding elections. And ultimately that undermines the confidence the public has that lawmakers are indeed working in the public interest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all members of the Latino Caucus are opposed to a soda tax, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaker Anthony Rendon, for example, received the second-most soda money last campaign cycle: $15,806.57. But Rendon co-sponsored past soda tax proposals. Assemblyman Tony Thurmond voted for the soda tax and received no soda money.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California lawmakers continue to kill soda tax proposals, a new analysis found that the industry has disproportionately directed campaign contributions to members of the Latino Caucus in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MapLight\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that tracks campaign spending, found that the soda industry gave, on average, twice as much campaign cash to members of the Latino Caucus as to the average member of the state Legislature in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis of campaign contributions from beverage trade groups, as well as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, found that while the 24-member Latino Caucus makes up less than one-quarter of the overall Legislature, they received 42 percent of soda industry contributions during the 2015-16 election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alec Saslow, MapLight's communications director, said the organization was surprised by the findings -- and even more interested when it looked at how members who received money from the soda industry voted on past soda tax proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been five proposed taxes since 2002. The most recent was \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1003\">held in the Assembly Health Committee last month for study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, said Saslow, members simply abstained from weighing in on soda tax proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we took a look at the voting patterns and a bill that died in the Assembly Health Committee in 2015, we found that three Latino Caucus members abstained from voting, and those members received an average $16,000 from the soda industry, and were among the top recipients of soda industry money,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saslow said the trend extended to the entire health committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis found that the industry funneled 2.3 times as much money to members of the committee that voted against or abstained from voting on the proposed tax as to those who voted for the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Latino Caucus members were given $5,198 by the soda industry, but the top recipients were given between $14,000 and nearly $19,000 last election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, the industry gave about $332,000 to lawmakers last campaign cycle, a tiny proportion of overall campaign contributions. For example, the top recipient of soda money, Assemblyman Miguel Santiago, received $18,925.82 from the soda industry but $1.2 million in overall campaign contributions. A spokesman for Santiago declined to comment on the MapLight analysis. The American Beverage Association did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saslow said the findings are still striking, even if other industries are bigger players in Sacramento. He said $300,000 is a lot of money to most voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does deserve public attention that self-interested corporations ... are making use of money to even potentially influence a vote,\" he said. \"The contribution pattern itself underscores a larger systematic problem, which is essentially the outsized influence of corporations and wealthy donors in funding elections. And ultimately that undermines the confidence the public has that lawmakers are indeed working in the public interest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all members of the Latino Caucus are opposed to a soda tax, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaker Anthony Rendon, for example, received the second-most soda money last campaign cycle: $15,806.57. But Rendon co-sponsored past soda tax proposals. Assemblyman Tony Thurmond voted for the soda tax and received no soda money.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Amid Housing Crisis, Why 2 Out of 5 Young Californians Still Live at Home",
"title": "Amid Housing Crisis, Why 2 Out of 5 Young Californians Still Live at Home",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>State lawmakers have introduced more than 130 bills this legislative session to try to solve California’s housing affordability crisis, proposing everything from 150 square-foot \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB352\">apartments\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-12-06-senate-introduces-%E2%80%9Ccalifornia-rebuild%E2%80%9D-infrastructure-proposals\">a $3 billion affordable housing bond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while many see the flurry of political activity as an encouraging sign, for millions of younger Californians, all the talk of infill development, CEQA reform and developer fees can be reduced to one simple question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will any of this stuff finally help me move out of my parents’ place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade removed from the depths of the Great Recession, a staggering 38 percent of California’s 18- to 34-year-olds still live with their parents, according to U.S. Census data. That’s roughly 3.6 million people stuck at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way: If “unlaunched” California millennials formed their own state, they would be entitled to more electoral votes than Connecticut, Iowa or Utah. If they formed their own city, it would be the third largest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the trend appears to have accelerated over the past few years. Many researchers expected that the “boomerangers” of the recession would flee their parents’ domiciles once the economy recovered and the labor market started roaring again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California has its lowest unemployment rate since 2007 -- and millennials still aren’t moving out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would have thought and did think for a long time that as the labor market got better, more young adults would get jobs and the share of them living with their parents would start declining,” says Richard Fry, a senior researcher at the Pew Research Center. “But I’m increasingly thinking this is not a cyclical phenomenon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what exactly is keeping California’s millennials from breaking free of their parents? Part of the explanation is intuitive: California’s skyrocketing housing costs. But digging deeper into who exactly these stay-at-homers are, and how they’re different from younger adults from previous generations, shows other forces are also at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wasn’t it common for previous generations of young Californians to live at home for a while?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No -- not really.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least not compared to today, or to the rest of the country at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/generation_unlaunched?src=embed\" title=\"Generation Unlaunched\" width=\"800\" height=\"733\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1980, when baby boomers were young adults, only 1 in 5 younger Californians lived with their parents. That fraction ticked up only marginally for more than two decades and roughly kept pace with what was happening in the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the turn of the millennium, the ranks of the stay-at-home have increased dramatically. Between 1980 and 2000, California saw about a 5 percentage point increase in its share of young people living at home. Between 2000 and 2015, that percentage grew by 14 points, outpacing the trend in the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How bad is it compared to other states?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aging California parents and their adult children can take some solace in the fact that many of their out-of-state relatives are experiencing the same type of overcrowded household they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the sixth-highest rate of millennial stay-at-homers in the country. But we’re not close to touching New Jersey, where 47 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds live with mom and/or dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-DdTZX\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/DdTZX/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with what we know about \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/the-withering-california-dreamby-the-numbers/\">income mobility patterns\u003c/a> across the U.S., young people in the “plains states” tend to live more independently. In North Dakota, an astonishingly low 14 percent of young people live at home. California does the worst out of all its West Coast neighbors, leading Arizona, Oregon, Washington and Nevada by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Homebound millennials are working -- they’re just not making enough money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Let’s focus on older California millennials still living at home -- those in the 25-to-34 age range, who conceivably have had more time to complete schooling and enter the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a CALmatters analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://usa.ipums.org/usa/\">American Community Survey data\u003c/a>, about 1 in 4 Californians age 25-to-34 live with their parents -- more than 1.3 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of this population is working or in school -- most are not lounging around idly. About 70 percent of older California millennials living with parents reported being employed in 2015. About 20 percent also report being in school (those activities are not mutually exclusive). In fact, significantly more of these Californians are enrolled in school than their counterparts elsewhere in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/employment-598438?src=embed\" title=\"Employment\" width=\"550\" height=\"717\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem lies in how much money these older millennials make. The median earned income for an older millennial living at home is around $21,000 (among those with positive earnings). That’s not chump change, and it’s slightly more than what older millennials who live at home elsewhere in the country make (around $20,000).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not a lot, and it’s less than what younger people from previous generations of Californians used to earn. In inflation-adjusted dollars, median earnings for full-time working young adult Californians have dropped by 11 percent since 1990. That follows a national pattern of wage stagnation for younger Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And leaner earnings are especially problematic for younger Californians because ...\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Most millennials living with their parents are in pricier parts of the state\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>More than 40 percent of all older California millennials living with their parents are in the greater Los Angeles metro area, one of the highest-cost rental markets in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 10 percent are in the San Francisco-Hayward-Oakland area. According to the apartment rental listing site Zumper, a median one-bedroom apartment in Los Angeles goes for $2,090 a month, and in Oakland a one-bedroom goes for $2,060. While those prices are on the higher side of median estimates, both easily surpass the monthly take-home of the typical millennial at home with mom and dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even more affordable parts of the state with concentrated poverty see a large number of stay-at-homers. While sample size constraints make precise estimates unreliable, the El Centro metro area -- where a quarter of the population fall below the poverty line -- saw roughly 40 percent of its 25-to-34-year-olds live at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But there’s more at play than just housing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to disentangle the decision to live at home from other major life choices -- especially marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people with a spouse are much more likely to live away from home than the unmarried. And the proportion of young unmarried Californians, much like elsewhere in the country, has grown significantly over the decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/never_married-036?src=embed\" title=\"Percent of never-married 18 to 34-year-olds\" width=\"550\" height=\"656\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are young people postponing marriage because they’re living at home, or are they living at home because they’re postponing marriage? It’s a chicken-and-egg question for demographers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With one demographic factor you can explain pretty much the entire increase in young adults living at home—marriage,” says Fry, the Pew researcher. “But that’s not really satisfactory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of education in the workforce is also an important factor. Completing at least four years of college gives you an 83 percent chance of avoiding living with your parents in your late 20s and early 30s, about 8 percentage points higher than if you complete less education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So even if legislators were magically able to reduce housing costs overnight, it will still be difficult for single, young adults with lower education levels to strike out on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers have introduced more than 130 bills this legislative session to try to solve California’s housing affordability crisis, proposing everything from 150 square-foot \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB352\">apartments\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-12-06-senate-introduces-%E2%80%9Ccalifornia-rebuild%E2%80%9D-infrastructure-proposals\">a $3 billion affordable housing bond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while many see the flurry of political activity as an encouraging sign, for millions of younger Californians, all the talk of infill development, CEQA reform and developer fees can be reduced to one simple question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will any of this stuff finally help me move out of my parents’ place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade removed from the depths of the Great Recession, a staggering 38 percent of California’s 18- to 34-year-olds still live with their parents, according to U.S. Census data. That’s roughly 3.6 million people stuck at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way: If “unlaunched” California millennials formed their own state, they would be entitled to more electoral votes than Connecticut, Iowa or Utah. If they formed their own city, it would be the third largest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the trend appears to have accelerated over the past few years. Many researchers expected that the “boomerangers” of the recession would flee their parents’ domiciles once the economy recovered and the labor market started roaring again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California has its lowest unemployment rate since 2007 -- and millennials still aren’t moving out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would have thought and did think for a long time that as the labor market got better, more young adults would get jobs and the share of them living with their parents would start declining,” says Richard Fry, a senior researcher at the Pew Research Center. “But I’m increasingly thinking this is not a cyclical phenomenon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what exactly is keeping California’s millennials from breaking free of their parents? Part of the explanation is intuitive: California’s skyrocketing housing costs. But digging deeper into who exactly these stay-at-homers are, and how they’re different from younger adults from previous generations, shows other forces are also at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wasn’t it common for previous generations of young Californians to live at home for a while?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No -- not really.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least not compared to today, or to the rest of the country at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/generation_unlaunched?src=embed\" title=\"Generation Unlaunched\" width=\"800\" height=\"733\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1980, when baby boomers were young adults, only 1 in 5 younger Californians lived with their parents. That fraction ticked up only marginally for more than two decades and roughly kept pace with what was happening in the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the turn of the millennium, the ranks of the stay-at-home have increased dramatically. Between 1980 and 2000, California saw about a 5 percentage point increase in its share of young people living at home. Between 2000 and 2015, that percentage grew by 14 points, outpacing the trend in the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How bad is it compared to other states?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aging California parents and their adult children can take some solace in the fact that many of their out-of-state relatives are experiencing the same type of overcrowded household they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the sixth-highest rate of millennial stay-at-homers in the country. But we’re not close to touching New Jersey, where 47 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds live with mom and/or dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-DdTZX\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/DdTZX/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with what we know about \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/the-withering-california-dreamby-the-numbers/\">income mobility patterns\u003c/a> across the U.S., young people in the “plains states” tend to live more independently. In North Dakota, an astonishingly low 14 percent of young people live at home. California does the worst out of all its West Coast neighbors, leading Arizona, Oregon, Washington and Nevada by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Homebound millennials are working -- they’re just not making enough money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Let’s focus on older California millennials still living at home -- those in the 25-to-34 age range, who conceivably have had more time to complete schooling and enter the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a CALmatters analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://usa.ipums.org/usa/\">American Community Survey data\u003c/a>, about 1 in 4 Californians age 25-to-34 live with their parents -- more than 1.3 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of this population is working or in school -- most are not lounging around idly. About 70 percent of older California millennials living with parents reported being employed in 2015. About 20 percent also report being in school (those activities are not mutually exclusive). In fact, significantly more of these Californians are enrolled in school than their counterparts elsewhere in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/employment-598438?src=embed\" title=\"Employment\" width=\"550\" height=\"717\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem lies in how much money these older millennials make. The median earned income for an older millennial living at home is around $21,000 (among those with positive earnings). That’s not chump change, and it’s slightly more than what older millennials who live at home elsewhere in the country make (around $20,000).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not a lot, and it’s less than what younger people from previous generations of Californians used to earn. In inflation-adjusted dollars, median earnings for full-time working young adult Californians have dropped by 11 percent since 1990. That follows a national pattern of wage stagnation for younger Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And leaner earnings are especially problematic for younger Californians because ...\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Most millennials living with their parents are in pricier parts of the state\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>More than 40 percent of all older California millennials living with their parents are in the greater Los Angeles metro area, one of the highest-cost rental markets in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 10 percent are in the San Francisco-Hayward-Oakland area. According to the apartment rental listing site Zumper, a median one-bedroom apartment in Los Angeles goes for $2,090 a month, and in Oakland a one-bedroom goes for $2,060. While those prices are on the higher side of median estimates, both easily surpass the monthly take-home of the typical millennial at home with mom and dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even more affordable parts of the state with concentrated poverty see a large number of stay-at-homers. While sample size constraints make precise estimates unreliable, the El Centro metro area -- where a quarter of the population fall below the poverty line -- saw roughly 40 percent of its 25-to-34-year-olds live at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But there’s more at play than just housing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to disentangle the decision to live at home from other major life choices -- especially marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people with a spouse are much more likely to live away from home than the unmarried. And the proportion of young unmarried Californians, much like elsewhere in the country, has grown significantly over the decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//e.infogr.am/never_married-036?src=embed\" title=\"Percent of never-married 18 to 34-year-olds\" width=\"550\" height=\"656\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are young people postponing marriage because they’re living at home, or are they living at home because they’re postponing marriage? It’s a chicken-and-egg question for demographers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With one demographic factor you can explain pretty much the entire increase in young adults living at home—marriage,” says Fry, the Pew researcher. “But that’s not really satisfactory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of education in the workforce is also an important factor. Completing at least four years of college gives you an 83 percent chance of avoiding living with your parents in your late 20s and early 30s, about 8 percentage points higher than if you complete less education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So even if legislators were magically able to reduce housing costs overnight, it will still be difficult for single, young adults with lower education levels to strike out on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Entrepreneur in a Low-Income Area? Good Luck Getting a Bank Loan",
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"headTitle": "Entrepreneur in a Low-Income Area? Good Luck Getting a Bank Loan | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Raul Maya first came to the U.S. from southern Mexico, he worked as a dishwasher at a restaurant making less than $5 an hour. Then he moved up to working as a busboy and cashier. It took him years to save enough money to open up a menswear shop, Fashion Palace, in Oakland’s predominantly Latino Fruitvale district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/05/LowIncEntrepreneursRomero20170509.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1.jpg\" Title=\"Are Low-Income Businesses Shortchanged by Big Banks?\" program=\"News Fix\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Maya’s customers live nearby. On a recent afternoon, they streamed into the store from shifts at restaurants and construction sites; some still wore paint stains on their clothes. They came looking for suits and Maya’s own designs of long-sleeved cotton shirts to wear at weddings and events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone going to parties around here, I help them get dressed up,” said Maya in Spanish, and chuckled. “Sometimes they’ll end up buying more clothes because they see they look great!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s been a nagging issue for him and other small-business owners he knows in the neighborhood: access to credit through banks, which generally offer the lowest interest rates in the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in lower-income census tracts in Alameda County, including the area where Maya is located, received significantly fewer bank loans and credit cards than the wealthiest business districts in 2015, according to a KQED analysis of the most recent federal public data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists say this points to an unmet need for bank credit among entrepreneurs in predominantly minority and underserved communities. That in turn, pushes small-business owners to get more expensive loans that can eat up their profits and limit their ability to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large banks and other lenders counter that many entrepreneurs — particularly in the communities hardest hit by the Great Recession — struggle to meet the criteria that qualify them for responsible financing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bizLoanNoLoans]\u003cstrong>Rates Higher For Business Owners with Low Credit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, Maya ran into a serious cash-flow problem and tried applying for a credit card from his bank, but was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They said my credit score wasn’t high enough. I never got a loan or credit card, not even for $50, from a bank,” said Maya, who\u003c/span> turned instead to a more costly loan for $5,000 from a non-bank lender nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not want to name the lender, as he is still paying them an additional $3,000 in interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You know that they are charging you too much in interest, but because of your economic situation you have to take it,” said Maya. “Although later you are in hell and it’s a long road to finish paying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya’s loan adds up to about a 35 percent annual percentage rate (APR). But he could have paid much more. Hundreds of thousands of borrowers are facing triple-digit interest rates in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbo.ca.gov/Press/press_releases/2016/2015_CFLL_Annual_Report_Press_Release_06-30-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the state’s Department of Business Oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lending companies need to charge more to provide much needed access to credit for customers who would not receive it at banks, said Thomas Leonard, executive director of the California Financial Service Providers Association, which represents dozens of non-bank lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rates are going to be higher for customers that have a lesser amount of credit. And what you find is that the interest rates become really a product of risk,” said Leonard, a former banker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Unequal Access’ To Credit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/latino-businesses-struggle-to-get-funding-to-grow-survey-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">starting businesses\u003c/a> at a faster rate than other groups in the country. But their ventures have higher failure rates or grow at a slower pace partly because they have less capital, said Robert Fairlie, an economist at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re less likely to get bank loans. They’re less likely to be able to tap into family and friends’ wealth or neighborhood wealth. So all those things kind of work against them,” said Fairlie, who has researched minority-owned enterprises for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unequal access to credit, said Fairlie, contributes to the massive wealth gap in this country because small businesses generate jobs and wealth for their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median wealth of white households in this country in 2011 was $110,000, compared with less than $8,000 for Latinos and African-Americans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/wealth/data.html\">according to the U.S. Census\u003c/a>. Median wealth — also known as net worth — is the difference between one’s assets, such as income, savings and a home — and liabilities, or debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople for Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/lbr/current/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> largest banks\u003c/a> in the U.S., said that increasing lending to small businesses in diverse communities is a priority.[contextly_sidebar id=”iv4OFUALi0E0wBhEYoCmlKmKFiXktbMJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make every responsible loan we possibly can to help creditworthy small businesses that are seeking credit,” wrote Ruben Pulido, a spokesman for Wells Fargo in San Francisco. He added that credit-readiness, including the ability of small-business owners to show they are able to repay, is a top limiting factor in making more loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both banks are donating and lending millions of dollars to nonprofits in the Oakland area. Those nonprofits work with diverse and lower-income small-business owners to help them get access to credit. This means training them on how to qualify for loans, and relending money from the big banks to these entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banks are obligated to help meet the credit needs of the communities where they operate under the\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/consumerscommunities/cra_about.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Community Reinvestment Act\u003c/a> (CRA), a federal law that was passed almost 40 years ago. The law has increased the flow of credit to lower-income areas, according to various studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the business district where Raul Maya’s store is located received only 45 loans and credit card lines of $100,000 or less in 2015, far fewer than wealthier districts in the city with a comparable number of businesses, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.ffiec.gov/cra/craproducts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> data\u003c/a> reported by large financial institutions under the CRA. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.woodstockinst.org/research/patterns-disparity-small-business-lending-chicago-and-los-angeles-san-diego-regions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> of the Los Angeles, San Diego and Chicago areas by the Woodstock Institute found disparities in bank lending by income and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED focused on loans of $100,000 and under because, according to experts, they are most likely to support small local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal agency that supervises and grades big national banks on their CRA performance, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/speeches/2016/pub-speech-2016-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated\u003c/a> that it is aware more work is needed to address “important remaining issues” on the law’s implementation. The OCC has been reviewing its examination procedures in an effort to make them more rigorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SmallBizAmountLoans]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdfunding As An Inexpensive Alternative\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After getting his high-interest loan through the non-bank lender, Maya found out he could get an inexpensive loan through the crowdfunding website Kiva. The nonprofit offers entrepreneurs in the U.S. and abroad a platform to fundraise for loans with zero interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Business ownership is a great way to build wealth. (But) the wealth gap persists. So what we’re trying to do is just break that paradigm,” said Jonny Price, head of Kiva’s U.S. operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the blessing of the city of Oakland, the organization has ramped up crowdfunding for local small-business owners. Kiva is also trying a new tactic in the Fruitvale by meeting face to face with entrepreneurs who have technical or language barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11450853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11450853 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonny Price and Alejandra Pena confer at Kiva’s headquarters in San Francisco on March 29, 2017. The nonprofit is trying a new approach with entrepreneurs in Oakland’s Fruitvale, which includes technical and language assistance. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Tuesday morning, a dozen women entrepreneurs, some with children in tow, huddled around a table at Maya’s store and lent $100 to each other through Kiva. Then they become eligible to start fundraising up to $2,000 from the organization’s worldwide pool of lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bety Ugalde, a single mom of three, sells shoes imported from Mexico. She said her business is taking off. Before opening it, she used to work two jobs as a cook, sleeping only three hours some nights, but was still unable to afford her rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I feel happier because I have this business and a half-time job and I can make ends meet,” said Ugalde in Spanish. She added she plans to use her loan to stock more merchandise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overseeing all this activity at his store is Maya. He bustles about, bringing coffee and sweet bread to the women entrepreneurs at the weekly meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s nice is that you can lend that money again to a new person who’s starting,” said Maya. “I tell them, we have to be united. We’ve got to support new people coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group that meets at Maya’s shop has now grown to about 70 people.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A KQED investigation found that the wealthiest business districts in Alameda County got the most in loans and credit cards in 2015. While economists say that lack of access constrains small businesses in predominantly minority communities, large banks say many of these entrepreneurs struggle to meet the criteria that qualify them for financing. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Raul Maya first came to the U.S. from southern Mexico, he worked as a dishwasher at a restaurant making less than $5 an hour. Then he moved up to working as a busboy and cashier. It took him years to save enough money to open up a menswear shop, Fashion Palace, in Oakland’s predominantly Latino Fruitvale district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Maya’s customers live nearby. On a recent afternoon, they streamed into the store from shifts at restaurants and construction sites; some still wore paint stains on their clothes. They came looking for suits and Maya’s own designs of long-sleeved cotton shirts to wear at weddings and events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone going to parties around here, I help them get dressed up,” said Maya in Spanish, and chuckled. “Sometimes they’ll end up buying more clothes because they see they look great!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s been a nagging issue for him and other small-business owners he knows in the neighborhood: access to credit through banks, which generally offer the lowest interest rates in the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in lower-income census tracts in Alameda County, including the area where Maya is located, received significantly fewer bank loans and credit cards than the wealthiest business districts in 2015, according to a KQED analysis of the most recent federal public data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists say this points to an unmet need for bank credit among entrepreneurs in predominantly minority and underserved communities. That in turn, pushes small-business owners to get more expensive loans that can eat up their profits and limit their ability to succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large banks and other lenders counter that many entrepreneurs — particularly in the communities hardest hit by the Great Recession — struggle to meet the criteria that qualify them for responsible financing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bizLoanNoLoans]\u003cstrong>Rates Higher For Business Owners with Low Credit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, Maya ran into a serious cash-flow problem and tried applying for a credit card from his bank, but was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They said my credit score wasn’t high enough. I never got a loan or credit card, not even for $50, from a bank,” said Maya, who\u003c/span> turned instead to a more costly loan for $5,000 from a non-bank lender nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not want to name the lender, as he is still paying them an additional $3,000 in interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You know that they are charging you too much in interest, but because of your economic situation you have to take it,” said Maya. “Although later you are in hell and it’s a long road to finish paying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya’s loan adds up to about a 35 percent annual percentage rate (APR). But he could have paid much more. Hundreds of thousands of borrowers are facing triple-digit interest rates in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbo.ca.gov/Press/press_releases/2016/2015_CFLL_Annual_Report_Press_Release_06-30-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the state’s Department of Business Oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lending companies need to charge more to provide much needed access to credit for customers who would not receive it at banks, said Thomas Leonard, executive director of the California Financial Service Providers Association, which represents dozens of non-bank lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rates are going to be higher for customers that have a lesser amount of credit. And what you find is that the interest rates become really a product of risk,” said Leonard, a former banker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Unequal Access’ To Credit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/latino-businesses-struggle-to-get-funding-to-grow-survey-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">starting businesses\u003c/a> at a faster rate than other groups in the country. But their ventures have higher failure rates or grow at a slower pace partly because they have less capital, said Robert Fairlie, an economist at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re less likely to get bank loans. They’re less likely to be able to tap into family and friends’ wealth or neighborhood wealth. So all those things kind of work against them,” said Fairlie, who has researched minority-owned enterprises for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unequal access to credit, said Fairlie, contributes to the massive wealth gap in this country because small businesses generate jobs and wealth for their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median wealth of white households in this country in 2011 was $110,000, compared with less than $8,000 for Latinos and African-Americans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/wealth/data.html\">according to the U.S. Census\u003c/a>. Median wealth — also known as net worth — is the difference between one’s assets, such as income, savings and a home — and liabilities, or debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople for Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/lbr/current/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> largest banks\u003c/a> in the U.S., said that increasing lending to small businesses in diverse communities is a priority.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make every responsible loan we possibly can to help creditworthy small businesses that are seeking credit,” wrote Ruben Pulido, a spokesman for Wells Fargo in San Francisco. He added that credit-readiness, including the ability of small-business owners to show they are able to repay, is a top limiting factor in making more loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both banks are donating and lending millions of dollars to nonprofits in the Oakland area. Those nonprofits work with diverse and lower-income small-business owners to help them get access to credit. This means training them on how to qualify for loans, and relending money from the big banks to these entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banks are obligated to help meet the credit needs of the communities where they operate under the\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/consumerscommunities/cra_about.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Community Reinvestment Act\u003c/a> (CRA), a federal law that was passed almost 40 years ago. The law has increased the flow of credit to lower-income areas, according to various studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the business district where Raul Maya’s store is located received only 45 loans and credit card lines of $100,000 or less in 2015, far fewer than wealthier districts in the city with a comparable number of businesses, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.ffiec.gov/cra/craproducts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> data\u003c/a> reported by large financial institutions under the CRA. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.woodstockinst.org/research/patterns-disparity-small-business-lending-chicago-and-los-angeles-san-diego-regions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> of the Los Angeles, San Diego and Chicago areas by the Woodstock Institute found disparities in bank lending by income and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED focused on loans of $100,000 and under because, according to experts, they are most likely to support small local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal agency that supervises and grades big national banks on their CRA performance, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/speeches/2016/pub-speech-2016-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated\u003c/a> that it is aware more work is needed to address “important remaining issues” on the law’s implementation. The OCC has been reviewing its examination procedures in an effort to make them more rigorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SmallBizAmountLoans]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdfunding As An Inexpensive Alternative\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After getting his high-interest loan through the non-bank lender, Maya found out he could get an inexpensive loan through the crowdfunding website Kiva. The nonprofit offers entrepreneurs in the U.S. and abroad a platform to fundraise for loans with zero interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Business ownership is a great way to build wealth. (But) the wealth gap persists. So what we’re trying to do is just break that paradigm,” said Jonny Price, head of Kiva’s U.S. operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the blessing of the city of Oakland, the organization has ramped up crowdfunding for local small-business owners. Kiva is also trying a new tactic in the Fruitvale by meeting face to face with entrepreneurs who have technical or language barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11450853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11450853 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25304_IMG_0614-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonny Price and Alejandra Pena confer at Kiva’s headquarters in San Francisco on March 29, 2017. The nonprofit is trying a new approach with entrepreneurs in Oakland’s Fruitvale, which includes technical and language assistance. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Tuesday morning, a dozen women entrepreneurs, some with children in tow, huddled around a table at Maya’s store and lent $100 to each other through Kiva. Then they become eligible to start fundraising up to $2,000 from the organization’s worldwide pool of lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bety Ugalde, a single mom of three, sells shoes imported from Mexico. She said her business is taking off. Before opening it, she used to work two jobs as a cook, sleeping only three hours some nights, but was still unable to afford her rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I feel happier because I have this business and a half-time job and I can make ends meet,” said Ugalde in Spanish. She added she plans to use her loan to stock more merchandise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overseeing all this activity at his store is Maya. He bustles about, bringing coffee and sweet bread to the women entrepreneurs at the weekly meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s nice is that you can lend that money again to a new person who’s starting,” said Maya. “I tell them, we have to be united. We’ve got to support new people coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group that meets at Maya’s shop has now grown to about 70 people.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Valero Refinery Outage, Three Probes ... and Rising Gas Prices",
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"content": "\u003cp>State workplace regulators have begun an investigation into the power outage at Valero's Benicia refinery that has been sending flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky for close to a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is renewing concern among environmentalists and could soon be felt by consumers around the region: a leading oil expert says the refinery’s shutdown will increase the cost of gas throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident, which began Friday morning, led to the release of a large plume of smoke that sent at least 12 people to local hospitals, according to Solano County health officials. It prompted the evacuation of a nearby industrial area and shelter-in-place orders for two elementary schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says its refinery is still working to restore operations, a process that is causing intermittent flaring. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/7f32b10d0259de568825811c006be190?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another flaring incident\u003c/a> at the Benicia plant was reported to state emergency officials on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) started its probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The focus of the investigation is to ensure the safe operation of the refinery, to determine whether last week's incident damaged any equipment, and if so, ensure that there are appropriate repairs made,\" said Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Valero workers were injured in the incident, but Cal/OSHA does occasionally probe refineries after significant safety incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's investigation comes as local air regulators conduct their own investigations into Valero's flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Friday's outage, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District has issued \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2017/2017_045_valeronovs_050917-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> to the refinery for excess emissions and public nuisance.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TJ7LjckRfi9xYpZunjde9L5OeiQBsX66\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, for the first time in 18 months, Solano County is investigating the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazardous materials specialists at the county's Department of Resource Management interviewed Valero officials about the incident on Wednesday, according to its director, Terry Schmidtbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main thing is, how does a plant lose complete power?\" Schmidtbauer said in an interview Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric says the outage began shortly after crews took one of two transmission lines offline to complete upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says it does not have a backup power source because it never got a permit to create a co-generation unit -- an addition that the company says would increase its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time Solano County conducted a probe of Valero was following a petroleum release in December 2015 after an above-ground tank at the facility became corroded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has inspected the refinery five times in the last 2½ years, said Schmidtbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Friday's incident the company is required to file a follow-up report to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services within 30 days, said Robb Mayberry, a Cal OES spokesman.[contextly_sidebar id=\"SSdojvDvj7Buvew7Sx2C9XnHo4OYmwkK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Benicia officials are conducting a top-to-bottom review of their emergency responses after the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outage revealed weaknesses \u003c/a>in the way the city communicates with its residents about potential disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the flaring is another reason for stricter oversight of the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The black clouds of pollution from this latest accident are a vivid reminder of how dangerous these refineries are to nearby communities,\" said Hollin Kretzmann of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This dirty industry has a long and disturbing history of violating our clean air protections,\" said Kretzmann. \"We need to crack down on these accident-prone refineries immediately and rapidly shift toward cleaner, safer energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is expected to increase the cost of gasoline in the Bay Area, according to Denton Cinquegrana, chief oil analyst at the Oil Price Information Service, who's been watching gasoline market trades in reaction to Valero's shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prices have been falling off as of late, but now they're starting to move back up based on the event,\" Cinquegrana said. \"I do believe that you're going to start to see that kind of make its way downstream and out to the street level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery, the Phillips 66 facility in Rodeo and Shell's Martinez plant \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/bay-area-refinery-malfunctions-lead-to-jump-in-gasoline-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent local gas prices up in January\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of a gallon of regular unleaded in California was $2.97, Triple A announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State workplace regulators have begun an investigation into the power outage at Valero's Benicia refinery that has been sending flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky for close to a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is renewing concern among environmentalists and could soon be felt by consumers around the region: a leading oil expert says the refinery’s shutdown will increase the cost of gas throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident, which began Friday morning, led to the release of a large plume of smoke that sent at least 12 people to local hospitals, according to Solano County health officials. It prompted the evacuation of a nearby industrial area and shelter-in-place orders for two elementary schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says its refinery is still working to restore operations, a process that is causing intermittent flaring. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/7f32b10d0259de568825811c006be190?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another flaring incident\u003c/a> at the Benicia plant was reported to state emergency officials on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) started its probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The focus of the investigation is to ensure the safe operation of the refinery, to determine whether last week's incident damaged any equipment, and if so, ensure that there are appropriate repairs made,\" said Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Valero workers were injured in the incident, but Cal/OSHA does occasionally probe refineries after significant safety incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's investigation comes as local air regulators conduct their own investigations into Valero's flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Friday's outage, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District has issued \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2017/2017_045_valeronovs_050917-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> to the refinery for excess emissions and public nuisance.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, for the first time in 18 months, Solano County is investigating the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazardous materials specialists at the county's Department of Resource Management interviewed Valero officials about the incident on Wednesday, according to its director, Terry Schmidtbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main thing is, how does a plant lose complete power?\" Schmidtbauer said in an interview Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric says the outage began shortly after crews took one of two transmission lines offline to complete upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says it does not have a backup power source because it never got a permit to create a co-generation unit -- an addition that the company says would increase its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time Solano County conducted a probe of Valero was following a petroleum release in December 2015 after an above-ground tank at the facility became corroded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has inspected the refinery five times in the last 2½ years, said Schmidtbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Friday's incident the company is required to file a follow-up report to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services within 30 days, said Robb Mayberry, a Cal OES spokesman.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Benicia officials are conducting a top-to-bottom review of their emergency responses after the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outage revealed weaknesses \u003c/a>in the way the city communicates with its residents about potential disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the flaring is another reason for stricter oversight of the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The black clouds of pollution from this latest accident are a vivid reminder of how dangerous these refineries are to nearby communities,\" said Hollin Kretzmann of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This dirty industry has a long and disturbing history of violating our clean air protections,\" said Kretzmann. \"We need to crack down on these accident-prone refineries immediately and rapidly shift toward cleaner, safer energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is expected to increase the cost of gasoline in the Bay Area, according to Denton Cinquegrana, chief oil analyst at the Oil Price Information Service, who's been watching gasoline market trades in reaction to Valero's shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prices have been falling off as of late, but now they're starting to move back up based on the event,\" Cinquegrana said. \"I do believe that you're going to start to see that kind of make its way downstream and out to the street level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery, the Phillips 66 facility in Rodeo and Shell's Martinez plant \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/bay-area-refinery-malfunctions-lead-to-jump-in-gasoline-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent local gas prices up in January\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of a gallon of regular unleaded in California was $2.97, Triple A announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Salinas' Chinatown Design Its Way Out of Violence?",
"title": "Can Salinas' Chinatown Design Its Way Out of Violence?",
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"content": "\u003cp>With surprise and intrigue in his voice, local tour guide Wellington Lee describes the murder plot that targeted his grandfather in Salinas' Chinatown in April 1912.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They shot up the whole place. It ended up where four men were killed and four were arrested and they sent the guilty to San Quentin,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee is standing in front of the spot where the failed assassination took place -- his former home. The violence, he says, stemmed from a \u003ca href=\"http://juliareynolds.com/?page_id=998\" target=\"_blank\">rivalry between Chinese tongs\u003c/a>, a type of association comparable to the Italian Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward from the early 1900s to the 1940s and '50s, when Lee grew up in Chinatown. At that point, the tongs were still running the place. They were in charge of the gambling halls and brothels that were the center of adult entertainment for the surrounding soldiers and fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/05/2017-05-09d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-28-800x533.jpg\" Title=\"Can Salinas' Chinatown Design Its Way Out of Violence?\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The weekends were jumping,” Lee says as he walks down Soledad Street, the main thoroughfare. \"This is where everyone came for all the vices, prostitution, whatever. I was just a kid growing up, smelling all this perfume. And then the music blaring from all the bars. It’s nothing like that anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinatown of today is unrecognizable, compared with the Chinatown that Lee and his grandfather knew. The tongs have been replaced by gangs, and the violence and chaos that comes with them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Chinatown saw \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/my-safety/2017/02/16/quadruple-shooting-erupts-salinas-chinatown/97982072/\" target=\"_blank\">four shootings\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kion546.com/news/salinas-police-investigating-homicide-in-chinatown/356053420\" target=\"_blank\">one homicide\u003c/a> in the span of nine days. A month after that, a historic \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/blogs/news_blog/salinas-fire-officials-announce-chinatown-fire-was-an-accident/article_b1e62446-1982-11e7-9f21-3fdc3155fb91.html\" target=\"_blank\">Chinatown building caught fire\u003c/a> and is set to be torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"square\" ids=\"11418255,11418530,11418537,11418529,11418533,11418528,11418531,11418534,11418535\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the bars that Lee once frequented to watch TV as a kid have either been torn down or shuttered up. And Lee’s home, where the shootings took place in 1912, was demolished. In its stead is an empty lot, covered in weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was part of the urban renewal plan,\" Lee says. \"They asked people to move. We had to have someone tear our home down because we couldn’t keep up with the repairs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That happened in 1961. In the '70s, Lee saw Chinatown go downhill. That's when the streets around the community were widened to make it faster for cars to get to the highway. And that meant that all the streets going from Chinatown into downtown Salinas -- across the railroad tracks -- were cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418502\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418502\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Chinatown resident walks down Soledad Street -- pointed one-way -- to take a shower at the recently opened Chinatown Health Services Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Chinatown resident walks down Soledad Street -- pointed one way -- to take a shower at the recently opened Chinatown Health Services Center. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee thinks the design was planned to keep all the vices contained in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/search/chinatown,+salinas/@36.6781423,-121.6522571,17z\" target=\"_blank\">small five-block neighborhood\u003c/a>. The result -- whether intentional or not -- isolated the area. And this isolation made the vices of Chinatown worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime homeless residents Jimmy Rice and Diana West noticed the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This used to be a really nice place to come,” Rice says. “But all the drugs moved in and the businesses were shut down because of drugs.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with drugs, the area also saw an increase in prostitution. It got so bad that the city changed all the streets to be one way and to point in the same direction. The reasoning was that it would discourage traffic, but Rice and West see it differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"square\" columns=\"2\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"11418323,11418322,11418400,11418404\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All these one-way streets didn't deter nothing,” says Rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West agrees. \"It didn’t deter nothing. If you were coming in, you knew what you were coming in for -- either for drugs, prostitution or to get high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the first time in over 30 years the homeless couple has lived there, the design of those streets could change. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/local/2016/11/30/salinas-awards-212k-chinatown-deal/94649416/\" target=\"_blank\">city of Salinas is trying to plan\u003c/a> its way out of the dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much everyone is on board to get rid of the one-way streets, put in a pedestrian railroad crossing and make Chinatown more walkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The view out of Commander Crabill's police vehicle shows homeless residents standing outside Victory Mission, a homeless services center in Salinas' Chinatown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view out of Cmdr. David Crabill's police vehicle shows homeless residents standing outside Victory Mission, a homeless services center in Salinas' Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://csumb.edu/directory/people/seth-pollack\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Pollack\u003c/a>, a professor of service learning at CSU Monterey Bay, believes in this power of design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With simple design changes, Pollack says, “You’re going to have energy, you’re going to have people exchanging, you’re going to have new business, you’re going to have people come to Chinatown for something other than prostitution, drugs and alcohol. Wouldn’t it be nice to come to Chinatown for some Chinese food? Or for good food in general? Or to see some art?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as when we cut off air flow or circulation -- whether it’s a part of your body or a city -- decay happens. But Pollack says it’s not just the built environment that will change Chinatown. He sees it as a first step for changing our mental environment and demystifying the \"other\" -- the \"other\" being the huge homeless population that currently resides there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418517\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Diana Blaylock cuddles with one of her two dogs on Soledad Street in Salinas' Chinatown. She's been homeless for 3 years and was shaken by the recent shooting that happened three tents down from hers. "At first the shooting scared me, but I'm fixing to get out of here."\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diana Blaylock cuddles with one of her two dogs on Soledad Street in Salinas' Chinatown. She's been homeless for three years and was shaken by the recent shooting that happened three tents down from hers. \"At first the shooting scared me, but I'm fixing to get out of here.\" \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsalinas.org/our-city-services/city-manager/community-safety-division/profiles/jose-arreola\" target=\"_blank\">Jose Arreola\u003c/a>, director of the city’s Community Safety Division, it’s less about demystifying the other than it is about moving the other to a different location. Or moving the activities that go on -- mainly using and dealing drugs -- elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those drugs are gonna get sold, that’s a huge business. The demand for it is not going to go away, so they will get sold someplace else,\" he says. \"What we will get rid of, it looks like, is the concentration of those problems in one area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether this concentration is good or bad depends on who you talk to. And the next step in the planning process is to talk to all of the stakeholders in the area -- homeless organizations, the Asian community, surrounding businesses, etc. This input has already been collected twice before -- in 2007 and 2010 -- during \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/local/2016/09/01/salinas-starts-chinatown-revitalization/89747042/\" target=\"_blank\">previous Chinatown revitalization plans\u003c/a>. But they failed because the funding fell through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To discourage those who come to Chinatown to deal the daily fix, the city will have to wait over a year for the plan to be completed. Then it is looking at an estimated price tag -- taken from the 2010 plan -- of $30 million to $50 million to implement it. But maybe, this time around, the third plan’s a charm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man rests from pushing his cart as the sun sets behind the railroad tracks in Salinas' Chinatown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man rests from pushing his cart as the sun sets behind the railroad tracks in Salinas' Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With surprise and intrigue in his voice, local tour guide Wellington Lee describes the murder plot that targeted his grandfather in Salinas' Chinatown in April 1912.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They shot up the whole place. It ended up where four men were killed and four were arrested and they sent the guilty to San Quentin,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee is standing in front of the spot where the failed assassination took place -- his former home. The violence, he says, stemmed from a \u003ca href=\"http://juliareynolds.com/?page_id=998\" target=\"_blank\">rivalry between Chinese tongs\u003c/a>, a type of association comparable to the Italian Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward from the early 1900s to the 1940s and '50s, when Lee grew up in Chinatown. At that point, the tongs were still running the place. They were in charge of the gambling halls and brothels that were the center of adult entertainment for the surrounding soldiers and fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinatown of today is unrecognizable, compared with the Chinatown that Lee and his grandfather knew. The tongs have been replaced by gangs, and the violence and chaos that comes with them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Chinatown saw \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/my-safety/2017/02/16/quadruple-shooting-erupts-salinas-chinatown/97982072/\" target=\"_blank\">four shootings\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kion546.com/news/salinas-police-investigating-homicide-in-chinatown/356053420\" target=\"_blank\">one homicide\u003c/a> in the span of nine days. A month after that, a historic \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/blogs/news_blog/salinas-fire-officials-announce-chinatown-fire-was-an-accident/article_b1e62446-1982-11e7-9f21-3fdc3155fb91.html\" target=\"_blank\">Chinatown building caught fire\u003c/a> and is set to be torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the bars that Lee once frequented to watch TV as a kid have either been torn down or shuttered up. And Lee’s home, where the shootings took place in 1912, was demolished. In its stead is an empty lot, covered in weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was part of the urban renewal plan,\" Lee says. \"They asked people to move. We had to have someone tear our home down because we couldn’t keep up with the repairs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That happened in 1961. In the '70s, Lee saw Chinatown go downhill. That's when the streets around the community were widened to make it faster for cars to get to the highway. And that meant that all the streets going from Chinatown into downtown Salinas -- across the railroad tracks -- were cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418502\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418502\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Chinatown resident walks down Soledad Street -- pointed one-way -- to take a shower at the recently opened Chinatown Health Services Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-27.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Chinatown resident walks down Soledad Street -- pointed one way -- to take a shower at the recently opened Chinatown Health Services Center. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee thinks the design was planned to keep all the vices contained in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/search/chinatown,+salinas/@36.6781423,-121.6522571,17z\" target=\"_blank\">small five-block neighborhood\u003c/a>. The result -- whether intentional or not -- isolated the area. And this isolation made the vices of Chinatown worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime homeless residents Jimmy Rice and Diana West noticed the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This used to be a really nice place to come,” Rice says. “But all the drugs moved in and the businesses were shut down because of drugs.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with drugs, the area also saw an increase in prostitution. It got so bad that the city changed all the streets to be one way and to point in the same direction. The reasoning was that it would discourage traffic, but Rice and West see it differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All these one-way streets didn't deter nothing,” says Rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West agrees. \"It didn’t deter nothing. If you were coming in, you knew what you were coming in for -- either for drugs, prostitution or to get high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the first time in over 30 years the homeless couple has lived there, the design of those streets could change. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/local/2016/11/30/salinas-awards-212k-chinatown-deal/94649416/\" target=\"_blank\">city of Salinas is trying to plan\u003c/a> its way out of the dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much everyone is on board to get rid of the one-way streets, put in a pedestrian railroad crossing and make Chinatown more walkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The view out of Commander Crabill's police vehicle shows homeless residents standing outside Victory Mission, a homeless services center in Salinas' Chinatown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-21.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view out of Cmdr. David Crabill's police vehicle shows homeless residents standing outside Victory Mission, a homeless services center in Salinas' Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://csumb.edu/directory/people/seth-pollack\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Pollack\u003c/a>, a professor of service learning at CSU Monterey Bay, believes in this power of design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With simple design changes, Pollack says, “You’re going to have energy, you’re going to have people exchanging, you’re going to have new business, you’re going to have people come to Chinatown for something other than prostitution, drugs and alcohol. Wouldn’t it be nice to come to Chinatown for some Chinese food? Or for good food in general? Or to see some art?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as when we cut off air flow or circulation -- whether it’s a part of your body or a city -- decay happens. But Pollack says it’s not just the built environment that will change Chinatown. He sees it as a first step for changing our mental environment and demystifying the \"other\" -- the \"other\" being the huge homeless population that currently resides there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418517\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Diana Blaylock cuddles with one of her two dogs on Soledad Street in Salinas' Chinatown. She's been homeless for 3 years and was shaken by the recent shooting that happened three tents down from hers. "At first the shooting scared me, but I'm fixing to get out of here."\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-11.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diana Blaylock cuddles with one of her two dogs on Soledad Street in Salinas' Chinatown. She's been homeless for three years and was shaken by the recent shooting that happened three tents down from hers. \"At first the shooting scared me, but I'm fixing to get out of here.\" \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsalinas.org/our-city-services/city-manager/community-safety-division/profiles/jose-arreola\" target=\"_blank\">Jose Arreola\u003c/a>, director of the city’s Community Safety Division, it’s less about demystifying the other than it is about moving the other to a different location. Or moving the activities that go on -- mainly using and dealing drugs -- elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those drugs are gonna get sold, that’s a huge business. The demand for it is not going to go away, so they will get sold someplace else,\" he says. \"What we will get rid of, it looks like, is the concentration of those problems in one area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether this concentration is good or bad depends on who you talk to. And the next step in the planning process is to talk to all of the stakeholders in the area -- homeless organizations, the Asian community, surrounding businesses, etc. This input has already been collected twice before -- in 2007 and 2010 -- during \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/local/2016/09/01/salinas-starts-chinatown-revitalization/89747042/\" target=\"_blank\">previous Chinatown revitalization plans\u003c/a>. But they failed because the funding fell through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To discourage those who come to Chinatown to deal the daily fix, the city will have to wait over a year for the plan to be completed. Then it is looking at an estimated price tag -- taken from the 2010 plan -- of $30 million to $50 million to implement it. But maybe, this time around, the third plan’s a charm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man rests from pushing his cart as the sun sets behind the railroad tracks in Salinas' Chinatown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/SecondEdits-26.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man rests from pushing his cart as the sun sets behind the railroad tracks in Salinas' Chinatown. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A San Francisco-based nonprofit has pledged to raise $100 million to reduce chronic homelessness in the city, widely known for its sidewalk tent encampments amid multimillion-dollar homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://tippingpoint.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tipping Point Community\u003c/a> said the money will come from private donations and go toward affordable housing and homeless services provided by other nonprofit groups as well as government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Mayor Ed Lee says it's the largest private commitment ever made in the city to combat homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no silver bullet to confronting homelessness. We need new ideas to address this issue and must tackle it from all angles,\" Lee said in a statement. \"We’re going to ... work hard on the fact that we have private sector participation. That makes everybody lift their game up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/05/201705085302way.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/29090734782_7887b79aa5_o-1920x1440.jpg\" Title=\"San Francisco Nonprofit Pledges $100 Million to Battle Homelessness\" program=\"KQED News\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor's office reports there are about 2,000 people in the city who are chronically homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines the chronically homeless as people who have been living on the streets for more than a year and have a disability such as drug addiction or mental health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Lurie, Tipping Point's chief executive and founder, wants to cut the number of chronically homeless in half. He says such poverty is unacceptable in such a wealthy region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Homelessness is a humanitarian crisis and the issue of our time,\" Lurie said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Lurie noted the high costs of building housing, and indicated and openness to finding other solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now it costs $500,000 and five years to build one unit of supportive housing, that cannot stand,\" he said. \"There’s new ways of building these days. There’s modular. We want to work with unions. We want to work with the city to find sites that are available. There are options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipping Point said in a press release that it has already raised $60 million. The group's board of directors will oversee the money.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A San Francisco-based nonprofit has pledged to raise $100 million to reduce chronic homelessness in the city, widely known for its sidewalk tent encampments amid multimillion-dollar homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://tippingpoint.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tipping Point Community\u003c/a> said the money will come from private donations and go toward affordable housing and homeless services provided by other nonprofit groups as well as government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Mayor Ed Lee says it's the largest private commitment ever made in the city to combat homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no silver bullet to confronting homelessness. We need new ideas to address this issue and must tackle it from all angles,\" Lee said in a statement. \"We’re going to ... work hard on the fact that we have private sector participation. That makes everybody lift their game up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines the chronically homeless as people who have been living on the streets for more than a year and have a disability such as drug addiction or mental health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Lurie, Tipping Point's chief executive and founder, wants to cut the number of chronically homeless in half. He says such poverty is unacceptable in such a wealthy region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Homelessness is a humanitarian crisis and the issue of our time,\" Lurie said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Lurie noted the high costs of building housing, and indicated and openness to finding other solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now it costs $500,000 and five years to build one unit of supportive housing, that cannot stand,\" he said. \"There’s new ways of building these days. There’s modular. We want to work with unions. We want to work with the city to find sites that are available. There are options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipping Point said in a press release that it has already raised $60 million. The group's board of directors will oversee the money.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rising minimum wages are increasing the chance some restaurants in the Bay Area will close, but not just any restaurants -- mostly those with average and poor Yelp reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the findings of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/MW_Exit_7a89f82f-b2fa-42f2-9a0e-f8a61e95b679.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new paper\u003c/a> published by the Harvard Business School titled \"Survival of the Fittest: The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Firm Exit.\" While the study links rising minimum wage, low Yelp reviews and restaurant closures, the authors say we should not conclude from their work that rising minimum wages are generally bad for the economy or employment. The story about the total effects of minimum wage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/uc-berkeley-study-predicts-positive-economic-benefit-from-californias-minimum-wage-increases/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far more complex\u003c/a>, with many positive and negative ramifications to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors Dara Lee Luca and Michael Luca looked at Yelp data from 2008 to 2016. During that time they found that lower Yelp ratings meant a higher probability of closing. Places with only 3½ stars, about average, were 14 percent more likely to close after a minimum wage increase of $1. Restaurants with five stars, a perfect rating, were not affected at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The restaurants that are already struggling are more likely to be affected by shocks to their cost structure,” Michael Luca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists are excited about this paper in part because it uses a novel data set: Yelp reviews. Michael Luca says it was possible to link that data to minimum wages in a meaningful way because different cities across the Bay Area are increasing those wages at different times. This allows for many comparisons and to control for other factors that might be affecting restaurant closings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The Bay Area is basically a laboratory for understanding the minimum wage.' \u003ccite>Michael Luca, Harvard Business School professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is basically a laboratory for understanding the minimum wage,” Michael Luca says. “There have been 21 different minimum wage changes during our study period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the restaurant business, where margins are just a few percent, extra pressure like increased labor costs can send a place already on the edge overboard. Take \u003ca href=\"http://rosepistolasf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rose Pistola\u003c/a> for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose Pistola was an Italian restaurant in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood with a 3.5 rating on Yelp. Laurie Thomas owned the place, along with two other restaurants. Her two additional establishments are still in operation, but she closed Rose Pistola in February after a 21-year run. That is a long run. According to analysis in the Harvard Business School paper, places in San Francisco usually last around six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose Pistola was Thomas’ largest restaurant. It had an event space and took a lot of staff to run. She said the restaurant’s business model made more economic sense when you could pay people less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it was 20 years ago,” when they opened, she said, and there was “very low minimum wage, no health care requirements, no sick pay requirements.” Thomas added that even though increased labor costs made it harder on her business, she is happy that pay and benefits have increased for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said the increased labor cost was just one of many reasons she had to close the restaurant. She said in recent years there had been less tourist foot traffic in North Beach, perhaps because people started heading to newly trendy neighborhoods like the Mission. Thomas said last summer’s season was especially slow, and then the January rains came, which further dampened business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'The full-service restaurant space in general is kind of in a crisis mode.' \u003ccite>Gwyneth Borden, Golden Gate Restaurant Association director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Restaurants similar to Thomas’ are in danger, according to Gwyneth Borden, executive director of the Golden Gate Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The full-service restaurant space in general, not just in San Francisco but throughout the country, is kind of in a crisis mode,\" Borden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dining is changing. Borden said we are seeing the rise of more fast casual places with counter service and less staff. In San Francisco, there is also tons of competition. Maybe too much. According to 2010 census data, the city has about \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/02/san-francisco-restaurants_n_1735091.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one restaurant for every 250 households\u003c/a>. Borden said that is the highest per capita in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all that, Borden said, “It's not particularly surprising that lower-starred restaurants on Yelp exit as minimum wage increases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also not surprising the Harvard paper’s findings are being mischaracterized and weaponized, as so often happens in the contentious minimum wage debate. Even \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/08/what-does-it-really-mean-when-reporters-say-wage-hike/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the language\u003c/a> used in the media to describe changes in minimum wage policies is politicized and polarizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative bloggers are writing that the paper shows raising the minimum wage hurts those it intends to help, and also that it causes affordable restaurants to suffer and for their employees to have fewer job opportunities. The paper's co-authors said the study shows no such things. Paul Wolfson, a research associate at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the paper I would say it's an interesting effect of the minimum wage,” Wolfson said. “I don't think I would go from that to say it is good or bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case maybe rising minimum wages are just weeding out mediocre restaurants that will be replaced by ones better suited for the market. Maybe the extra money in workers’ pockets will boost the economy and create more and better jobs. Wolfson said the overall economic impact of minimum wage increases is difficult to suss out even after years of research on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the literature has been too narrow and hasn't been really the kind of quality you would want to make grand claims about the effects of the minimum wage,” Wolfson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has probably read more papers on minimum wage than almost anyone. He co-wrote a book that analyzes and evaluates the state of the research called, “What Does the Minimum Wage Do?” He said economists have long focused on one thing, potential negative effects on employment, particularly for teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's been incredible tunnel vision,” Wolfson said, adding that it will be years before we have a clearer picture. To work toward that goal, economists are turning to the Bay Area, where all the different minimum wage increases are creating a kind of laboratory for real-world study.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rising minimum wages are increasing the chance some restaurants in the Bay Area will close, but not just any restaurants -- mostly those with average and poor Yelp reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the findings of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/MW_Exit_7a89f82f-b2fa-42f2-9a0e-f8a61e95b679.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new paper\u003c/a> published by the Harvard Business School titled \"Survival of the Fittest: The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Firm Exit.\" While the study links rising minimum wage, low Yelp reviews and restaurant closures, the authors say we should not conclude from their work that rising minimum wages are generally bad for the economy or employment. The story about the total effects of minimum wage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/13/uc-berkeley-study-predicts-positive-economic-benefit-from-californias-minimum-wage-increases/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far more complex\u003c/a>, with many positive and negative ramifications to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors Dara Lee Luca and Michael Luca looked at Yelp data from 2008 to 2016. During that time they found that lower Yelp ratings meant a higher probability of closing. Places with only 3½ stars, about average, were 14 percent more likely to close after a minimum wage increase of $1. Restaurants with five stars, a perfect rating, were not affected at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The restaurants that are already struggling are more likely to be affected by shocks to their cost structure,” Michael Luca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists are excited about this paper in part because it uses a novel data set: Yelp reviews. Michael Luca says it was possible to link that data to minimum wages in a meaningful way because different cities across the Bay Area are increasing those wages at different times. This allows for many comparisons and to control for other factors that might be affecting restaurant closings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The Bay Area is basically a laboratory for understanding the minimum wage.' \u003ccite>Michael Luca, Harvard Business School professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is basically a laboratory for understanding the minimum wage,” Michael Luca says. “There have been 21 different minimum wage changes during our study period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the restaurant business, where margins are just a few percent, extra pressure like increased labor costs can send a place already on the edge overboard. Take \u003ca href=\"http://rosepistolasf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rose Pistola\u003c/a> for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose Pistola was an Italian restaurant in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood with a 3.5 rating on Yelp. Laurie Thomas owned the place, along with two other restaurants. Her two additional establishments are still in operation, but she closed Rose Pistola in February after a 21-year run. That is a long run. According to analysis in the Harvard Business School paper, places in San Francisco usually last around six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose Pistola was Thomas’ largest restaurant. It had an event space and took a lot of staff to run. She said the restaurant’s business model made more economic sense when you could pay people less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it was 20 years ago,” when they opened, she said, and there was “very low minimum wage, no health care requirements, no sick pay requirements.” Thomas added that even though increased labor costs made it harder on her business, she is happy that pay and benefits have increased for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said the increased labor cost was just one of many reasons she had to close the restaurant. She said in recent years there had been less tourist foot traffic in North Beach, perhaps because people started heading to newly trendy neighborhoods like the Mission. Thomas said last summer’s season was especially slow, and then the January rains came, which further dampened business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'The full-service restaurant space in general is kind of in a crisis mode.' \u003ccite>Gwyneth Borden, Golden Gate Restaurant Association director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Restaurants similar to Thomas’ are in danger, according to Gwyneth Borden, executive director of the Golden Gate Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The full-service restaurant space in general, not just in San Francisco but throughout the country, is kind of in a crisis mode,\" Borden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dining is changing. Borden said we are seeing the rise of more fast casual places with counter service and less staff. In San Francisco, there is also tons of competition. Maybe too much. According to 2010 census data, the city has about \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/02/san-francisco-restaurants_n_1735091.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one restaurant for every 250 households\u003c/a>. Borden said that is the highest per capita in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all that, Borden said, “It's not particularly surprising that lower-starred restaurants on Yelp exit as minimum wage increases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also not surprising the Harvard paper’s findings are being mischaracterized and weaponized, as so often happens in the contentious minimum wage debate. Even \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/08/what-does-it-really-mean-when-reporters-say-wage-hike/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the language\u003c/a> used in the media to describe changes in minimum wage policies is politicized and polarizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative bloggers are writing that the paper shows raising the minimum wage hurts those it intends to help, and also that it causes affordable restaurants to suffer and for their employees to have fewer job opportunities. The paper's co-authors said the study shows no such things. Paul Wolfson, a research associate at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the paper I would say it's an interesting effect of the minimum wage,” Wolfson said. “I don't think I would go from that to say it is good or bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case maybe rising minimum wages are just weeding out mediocre restaurants that will be replaced by ones better suited for the market. Maybe the extra money in workers’ pockets will boost the economy and create more and better jobs. Wolfson said the overall economic impact of minimum wage increases is difficult to suss out even after years of research on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the literature has been too narrow and hasn't been really the kind of quality you would want to make grand claims about the effects of the minimum wage,” Wolfson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has probably read more papers on minimum wage than almost anyone. He co-wrote a book that analyzes and evaluates the state of the research called, “What Does the Minimum Wage Do?” He said economists have long focused on one thing, potential negative effects on employment, particularly for teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's been incredible tunnel vision,” Wolfson said, adding that it will be years before we have a clearer picture. To work toward that goal, economists are turning to the Bay Area, where all the different minimum wage increases are creating a kind of laboratory for real-world study.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Did a Court Just Create a New Pathway to 'Tax' Californians?",
"title": "Did a Court Just Create a New Pathway to 'Tax' Californians?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Could a few words buried within a recent court ruling make it easier for the state to raise money from Californians?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The words -- contained within a decision \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/C075930.PDF\">affirming\u003c/a> the constitutionality of California’s policy of charging polluters -- are causing a stir among some state budget experts, who wonder if the ruling could be used to pry loose constitutional constraints that have long restricted lawmakers’ ability to increase taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its 2-1 ruling, California’s 3rd District Court of Appeal declared that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/133691850\">cap-and-trade\u003c/a> climate program is neither a tax nor a fee -- the two categories into which state jurists have traditionally slotted all revenue raisers -- but falls into a mysterious \u003cem>none of the above\u003c/em> category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such semantic distinctions matter in California because the state constitution puts tight restrictions on lawmakers' ability to raise money from taxpayers. Voters in 1978 passed the most famous of these restrictions, property-tax-cutting \u003ca href=\"https://www.hjta.org/propositions/proposition-13/original-proposition-13/\">Proposition 13\u003c/a>, which also lifted the legislative threshold for new state and local tax hikes from a simple majority to a two-thirds “supermajority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit, filed by the California Chamber of Commerce and other business groups, contended that when the Legislature created the cap-and-trade program in 2006, it introduced a new tax with only a simple majority vote -- violating the two-thirds vote requirements of Proposition 13. (Since then, the auctions have generated $4.4 billion for the state.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iLj5jUbECqekfaKH9rqV3bc5RjwlKX2Q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what is a tax? In explaining its decision, the court offered a new, narrower definition of the word: “A tax has two hallmarks: (1) it is compulsory, and (2) it does not grant any special benefit to the payor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tony Francois from the Pacific Legal Foundation, which represents one of the plaintiffs in the case, that definition leaves out many of the levies that most Californians would be surprised to learn aren’t “taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under (the court’s) analysis, any transaction-based tax, such as the sales tax or the gasoline tax, is voluntary instead of compulsory,” he says. “Anyone can choose whether to drive their own car and buy gas for it or not. And, all of these transaction taxes provide something of value to the payer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seemingly anticipating that broad interpretation, the court’s majority opinion insisted there was an obvious distinction between a payment made for a thing of value (in this case, an allowance for emitting greenhouse gases) and a sales tax, which one pays “but receives nothing of particular value for the tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some conservatives find that distinction too blurry for comfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the Legislature has to do is say, ‘We’re not taxing the purchase of the commodity, we’re just selling you the right to purchase the commodity,’ ” says Mike Genest, who directed the Department of Finance under Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and is the founding partner at Capitol Matrix Consulting. “If you take that logic and apply it liberally, you could probably apply it to any tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10845734\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10845734\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"A customer prepares to pump gas into his truck at a Valero gas station in Mill Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-400x259.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-768x497.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-1440x932.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-1180x763.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-960x621.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer prepares to pump gas into his truck at a Valero gas station in Mill Valley. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The court has “invalidated the Proposition 13 two-thirds requirement,” he says. Even, he argues, as it applies to the income tax: “You just purchased the right to live and work in California for only 13 percent of your income -- congratulations!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many legal analysts, policy advocates and lawmakers disagree that the ruling is quite so earth-shattering. A spokesperson for the Department of Finance says that they are still reviewing the ruling and its implications. And although the offices of both Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León declined to comment, numerous legislative staff members around the Capitol said that they do not expect to see a raft of new tax-hiking legislation emerge on the basis of this ruling, both because the ruling was narrowly focused on cap and trade, and because the case is being \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificlegal.org/releases/release-4/14/17-ab32-Morning-Star-1-1408\">appealed\u003c/a> to the California Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t take one appellate court ruling as a landslide,” says Danny Cullenward, a lawyer and energy economist at Stanford University and a research associate with the nonprofit Near Zero. “If one is convinced, as the plaintiffs are, that this fundamentally changes the line, I think there’s good reason to believe that the state Supreme Court would at least look into the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many are not convinced that this ruling fundamentally changes anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not some sort of revolution,” says Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law, who also filed an amicus\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/content/amicus_brief_nature_conservancy_final.pdf\"> brief\u003c/a> in support of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not really reversing what we used to think. It’s really just figuring out for the first time what a cap-and-trade auction really is in the context of tax law,” she says. The court may have broken from \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltax.org/sinclair.htm\">precedent\u003c/a> by establishing a “neither tax nor fee” classification of revenue generator, but Horowitz says that the cap-and-trade program is so unique it’s hard to imagine how this new third category could be applied to much else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no instances that jump out at me of other California regulations that I now think of differently in light of this opinion,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, even if the ruling does undermine Proposition 13, there are other constraints on lawmakers’ ability to raise taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, voters approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.boe.ca.gov/lawguides/property/current/ptlg/ccp/XIII-A-3.html\">Proposition 26\u003c/a>, a chamber-sponsored measure that significantly broadened the definition of tax, leaving only a few, specific exceptions. Prop. 26 didn’t enter into the court’s ruling this time around because the Legislature voted to enact the cap-and-trade program before voters approved the initiated constitutional amendment\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so little case law developing the idea of how Proposition 26 defines a tax, it’s really hard to say what the courts will conclude,” says Horowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a question that will have to be answered before too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under current law, California’s cap-and-trade program phases out in 2020. As Democratic lawmakers in both chambers introduce various extension proposals, the Brown administration has demanded a two-thirds vote to put any questions about the legal validity of the program in the rear view mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if Gov. Jerry Brown sees a supermajority as politically necessary, it might not be legally so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Legislative Counsel, which prepares summaries on all new bills and serves as the Legislature’s official lawyer, has designated the two \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB151\">extension\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB378\">bills\u003c/a> in the Assembly as simple majority votes. Not coincidentally, a third \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB775\">bill\u003c/a>, introduced in the Senate this week, has been written to require a two-thirds vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, even if the appellate court’s ruling does blow a hole in Proposition 13 and even if it is upheld by the Supreme Court, Proposition 26 still reigns. Or at the very least, that may be a question for a later day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A few words buried in a decision affirming the constitutionality of cap-and-trade are causing a stir among some state budget experts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Could a few words buried within a recent court ruling make it easier for the state to raise money from Californians?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The words -- contained within a decision \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/C075930.PDF\">affirming\u003c/a> the constitutionality of California’s policy of charging polluters -- are causing a stir among some state budget experts, who wonder if the ruling could be used to pry loose constitutional constraints that have long restricted lawmakers’ ability to increase taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its 2-1 ruling, California’s 3rd District Court of Appeal declared that the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/133691850\">cap-and-trade\u003c/a> climate program is neither a tax nor a fee -- the two categories into which state jurists have traditionally slotted all revenue raisers -- but falls into a mysterious \u003cem>none of the above\u003c/em> category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such semantic distinctions matter in California because the state constitution puts tight restrictions on lawmakers' ability to raise money from taxpayers. Voters in 1978 passed the most famous of these restrictions, property-tax-cutting \u003ca href=\"https://www.hjta.org/propositions/proposition-13/original-proposition-13/\">Proposition 13\u003c/a>, which also lifted the legislative threshold for new state and local tax hikes from a simple majority to a two-thirds “supermajority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit, filed by the California Chamber of Commerce and other business groups, contended that when the Legislature created the cap-and-trade program in 2006, it introduced a new tax with only a simple majority vote -- violating the two-thirds vote requirements of Proposition 13. (Since then, the auctions have generated $4.4 billion for the state.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what is a tax? In explaining its decision, the court offered a new, narrower definition of the word: “A tax has two hallmarks: (1) it is compulsory, and (2) it does not grant any special benefit to the payor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Tony Francois from the Pacific Legal Foundation, which represents one of the plaintiffs in the case, that definition leaves out many of the levies that most Californians would be surprised to learn aren’t “taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under (the court’s) analysis, any transaction-based tax, such as the sales tax or the gasoline tax, is voluntary instead of compulsory,” he says. “Anyone can choose whether to drive their own car and buy gas for it or not. And, all of these transaction taxes provide something of value to the payer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seemingly anticipating that broad interpretation, the court’s majority opinion insisted there was an obvious distinction between a payment made for a thing of value (in this case, an allowance for emitting greenhouse gases) and a sales tax, which one pays “but receives nothing of particular value for the tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some conservatives find that distinction too blurry for comfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the Legislature has to do is say, ‘We’re not taxing the purchase of the commodity, we’re just selling you the right to purchase the commodity,’ ” says Mike Genest, who directed the Department of Finance under Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and is the founding partner at Capitol Matrix Consulting. “If you take that logic and apply it liberally, you could probably apply it to any tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10845734\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10845734\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"A customer prepares to pump gas into his truck at a Valero gas station in Mill Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-400x259.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-768x497.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-1440x932.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-1180x763.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/PumpingGas-960x621.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer prepares to pump gas into his truck at a Valero gas station in Mill Valley. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The court has “invalidated the Proposition 13 two-thirds requirement,” he says. Even, he argues, as it applies to the income tax: “You just purchased the right to live and work in California for only 13 percent of your income -- congratulations!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many legal analysts, policy advocates and lawmakers disagree that the ruling is quite so earth-shattering. A spokesperson for the Department of Finance says that they are still reviewing the ruling and its implications. And although the offices of both Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León declined to comment, numerous legislative staff members around the Capitol said that they do not expect to see a raft of new tax-hiking legislation emerge on the basis of this ruling, both because the ruling was narrowly focused on cap and trade, and because the case is being \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificlegal.org/releases/release-4/14/17-ab32-Morning-Star-1-1408\">appealed\u003c/a> to the California Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t take one appellate court ruling as a landslide,” says Danny Cullenward, a lawyer and energy economist at Stanford University and a research associate with the nonprofit Near Zero. “If one is convinced, as the plaintiffs are, that this fundamentally changes the line, I think there’s good reason to believe that the state Supreme Court would at least look into the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many are not convinced that this ruling fundamentally changes anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not some sort of revolution,” says Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law, who also filed an amicus\u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/content/amicus_brief_nature_conservancy_final.pdf\"> brief\u003c/a> in support of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not really reversing what we used to think. It’s really just figuring out for the first time what a cap-and-trade auction really is in the context of tax law,” she says. The court may have broken from \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltax.org/sinclair.htm\">precedent\u003c/a> by establishing a “neither tax nor fee” classification of revenue generator, but Horowitz says that the cap-and-trade program is so unique it’s hard to imagine how this new third category could be applied to much else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no instances that jump out at me of other California regulations that I now think of differently in light of this opinion,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, even if the ruling does undermine Proposition 13, there are other constraints on lawmakers’ ability to raise taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, voters approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.boe.ca.gov/lawguides/property/current/ptlg/ccp/XIII-A-3.html\">Proposition 26\u003c/a>, a chamber-sponsored measure that significantly broadened the definition of tax, leaving only a few, specific exceptions. Prop. 26 didn’t enter into the court’s ruling this time around because the Legislature voted to enact the cap-and-trade program before voters approved the initiated constitutional amendment\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so little case law developing the idea of how Proposition 26 defines a tax, it’s really hard to say what the courts will conclude,” says Horowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a question that will have to be answered before too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under current law, California’s cap-and-trade program phases out in 2020. As Democratic lawmakers in both chambers introduce various extension proposals, the Brown administration has demanded a two-thirds vote to put any questions about the legal validity of the program in the rear view mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if Gov. Jerry Brown sees a supermajority as politically necessary, it might not be legally so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Legislative Counsel, which prepares summaries on all new bills and serves as the Legislature’s official lawyer, has designated the two \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB151\">extension\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB378\">bills\u003c/a> in the Assembly as simple majority votes. Not coincidentally, a third \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB775\">bill\u003c/a>, introduced in the Senate this week, has been written to require a two-thirds vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, even if the appellate court’s ruling does blow a hole in Proposition 13 and even if it is upheld by the Supreme Court, Proposition 26 still reigns. Or at the very least, that may be a question for a later day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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