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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm policyholders in California are likely to soon see sizable increases on their bills after Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara approved the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025436/state-farm-seeks-emergency-rate-hike-california-after-la-fires\">request for an emergency rate hike\u003c/a>, state regulators announced Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval comes with provisions: The insurer will have to present financial records at a public hearing on April 8 to establish its “dire financial condition” before the rate increase can take effect, the California Department of Insurance said in a statement. Additionally, Lara is asking State Farm’s California arm to pause non-renewals and ask for a $500 million infusion of capital from its parent company. State Farm has said it would continue all existing policies for “at least one year” if the rate increase is approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for certainty in the California insurance market for our customers,” State Farm General, the company’s California arm, said in a statement Friday. “The provisional nature of today’s decision does not improve that certainty but it’s a step in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm requested its emergency rate hike in February, saying it was needed to avert financial disaster after January’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12027578/how-we-rebuild-what-comes-after-the-la-fires\">Los Angeles County wildfires\u003c/a> forced it to process more than 2,000 claims and pay out an estimated $7 billion in losses and damages. The average increase would be 22% for homeowners insurance, 15% for condominium owners insurance, and 38% for renters insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that although it can pay out current claims, another bad fire season could cause it to risk insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One credit rating agency already \u003ca href=\"https://news.ambest.com/pr/PressContent.aspx?refnum=34559&altsrc=2\">downgraded State Farm\u003c/a> in May, and further downgrades could place people at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insurance market problems highlighted by the Los Angeles-area fires have legislators rushing to offer up possible solutions. A house burned by the Eaton Fire in Altadena, Jan. 26, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If that were to happen, customers with a mortgage might not be able to use State Farm General insurance as collateral backing for their mortgage,” a letter from State Farm said, requesting the emergency increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Friday statement, State Farm said it “will continue to monitor capacity to support its risks and build sufficient capital for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm, the largest insurer in California with more than 20% of the state’s homeowners insurance market, has more aggressively been seeking sizable rate hikes in the past year, even after being granted several increases in recent years.\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992399/state-farm-seeks-enormous-rate-increases-in-california-to-prevent-insolvency\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992399/state-farm-seeks-enormous-rate-increases-in-california-to-prevent-insolvency\">requested increases ranging from 30% to 52%\u003c/a> to prevent insolvency, but new rates did not go into effect before the L.A.-area fires.[aside postID=news_12029129 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/0A4A3428-1020x680.jpg']The news of the emergency rate hike approval brought a sigh of relief for insurance broker Karl Susman, of Susman Insurance Agency, who was worried about the prospect of State Farm pulling out of California if it couldn’t raise rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a market in California right now able to absorb millions of policies,” he said. “The fact that they have so many policyholders means they have so much more to lose. And if they did decide that they’re not going to be able to survive [in California] without these rates, they absolutely would have left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while increased rates can help insurance companies stay afloat in the short and medium term, ultimately, there are larger problems to be solved, said Dave Jones, director of the Climate Risk Initiative at UC Berkeley’s Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment and a former California insurance commissioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run, increased rates are being outrun by the increased risk and losses from climate change,” Jones said. “So insurance is really the climate crisis canary in the coal mine, and the canary is dying. Unless we focus on what’s actually driving this problem, it’s only going to get worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm policyholders in California are likely to soon see sizable increases on their bills after Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara approved the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025436/state-farm-seeks-emergency-rate-hike-california-after-la-fires\">request for an emergency rate hike\u003c/a>, state regulators announced Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval comes with provisions: The insurer will have to present financial records at a public hearing on April 8 to establish its “dire financial condition” before the rate increase can take effect, the California Department of Insurance said in a statement. Additionally, Lara is asking State Farm’s California arm to pause non-renewals and ask for a $500 million infusion of capital from its parent company. State Farm has said it would continue all existing policies for “at least one year” if the rate increase is approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for certainty in the California insurance market for our customers,” State Farm General, the company’s California arm, said in a statement Friday. “The provisional nature of today’s decision does not improve that certainty but it’s a step in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm requested its emergency rate hike in February, saying it was needed to avert financial disaster after January’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12027578/how-we-rebuild-what-comes-after-the-la-fires\">Los Angeles County wildfires\u003c/a> forced it to process more than 2,000 claims and pay out an estimated $7 billion in losses and damages. The average increase would be 22% for homeowners insurance, 15% for condominium owners insurance, and 38% for renters insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that although it can pay out current claims, another bad fire season could cause it to risk insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One credit rating agency already \u003ca href=\"https://news.ambest.com/pr/PressContent.aspx?refnum=34559&altsrc=2\">downgraded State Farm\u003c/a> in May, and further downgrades could place people at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12030811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12030811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/012625_Eaton-Fire-Rain_JH_CM_56-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Insurance market problems highlighted by the Los Angeles-area fires have legislators rushing to offer up possible solutions. A house burned by the Eaton Fire in Altadena, Jan. 26, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If that were to happen, customers with a mortgage might not be able to use State Farm General insurance as collateral backing for their mortgage,” a letter from State Farm said, requesting the emergency increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Friday statement, State Farm said it “will continue to monitor capacity to support its risks and build sufficient capital for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm, the largest insurer in California with more than 20% of the state’s homeowners insurance market, has more aggressively been seeking sizable rate hikes in the past year, even after being granted several increases in recent years.\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992399/state-farm-seeks-enormous-rate-increases-in-california-to-prevent-insolvency\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992399/state-farm-seeks-enormous-rate-increases-in-california-to-prevent-insolvency\">requested increases ranging from 30% to 52%\u003c/a> to prevent insolvency, but new rates did not go into effect before the L.A.-area fires.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The news of the emergency rate hike approval brought a sigh of relief for insurance broker Karl Susman, of Susman Insurance Agency, who was worried about the prospect of State Farm pulling out of California if it couldn’t raise rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a market in California right now able to absorb millions of policies,” he said. “The fact that they have so many policyholders means they have so much more to lose. And if they did decide that they’re not going to be able to survive [in California] without these rates, they absolutely would have left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while increased rates can help insurance companies stay afloat in the short and medium term, ultimately, there are larger problems to be solved, said Dave Jones, director of the Climate Risk Initiative at UC Berkeley’s Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment and a former California insurance commissioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run, increased rates are being outrun by the increased risk and losses from climate change,” Jones said. “So insurance is really the climate crisis canary in the coal mine, and the canary is dying. Unless we focus on what’s actually driving this problem, it’s only going to get worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF School Layoffs Are Coming, But the Total Is Far From Board’s Worst-Case Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:40 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-unified-school-district\">San Francisco Unified School District\u003c/a> announced Thursday evening that it will issue about 170 preliminary layoff notices as it works to close a massive budget deficit by year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pink slips will be sent to 34 counselors and 143 paraeducators — a sharp reduction from the hundreds of potential notices \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028317/sf-schools-brace-hundreds-layoffs-including-teachers-librarians-counselors\">the school board approved\u003c/a> in February — but the smaller list does not guarantee that staff reductions won’t be more significant next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Maria Su has said the district spends about 80% of its $1.3 billion budget on staffing and faces about a $113 million shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is very painful, it is very necessary for us to reduce our existing workforce in both our central office as well as throughout our schools,” she told reporters in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other teachers, social workers, counselors and paraeducators will leave the district through an early retirement buyout, which more than 300 agreed to in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Due to the overwhelming popularity of the supplemental early retirement plan, I am really grateful to say that we do not have to issue any preliminary layoff notices to our teachers across the district,” Su said at a budget town hall Thursday night. “This is really great news for us because we were hoping and trying to find a way to preserve consistency of our [classroom] teaching staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Educators of San Francisco Vice President Frank Lara said the district is also cross-referencing about 280 sunsetting temporary contracts and could opt not to replace some educators who leave the district voluntarily in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already sent 57 assistant principals preliminary letters of release or reassignment, some of whom could be moved into classroom positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD shared a baseline staffing formula last month stating that classroom teachers, principals, clerks and janitors will be funded at its schools. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Go6kR6mU85O8bcHVZlBHntXBYvuZo-qQ/view\">new supplementary staffing guide\u003c/a>, schools will only be able to hire new social workers, nurses, librarians and counselors after those roles are covered at their campus. Schools with supplemental funding can also hire assistant principals. Hiring for some additional roles, such as English language and intervention specialists, will be on hold until 92% of classroom teaching positions across the district are filled.[aside postID=news_12028317 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241009-SFUSDCLOSURESMARCH-29-BL-KQED.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guide also disallows hiring class size reduction teachers, angering some parent-teacher associations, which have traditionally funded these roles — such as two positions at Chinese Immersion School at DeAvila — at their children’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many years in San Francisco, PTAs have stepped up to fill budget gaps for a variety of operating costs,” reads \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/let-parents-help-fund-sfusd-teachers\">a petition signed by more than 500 parents\u003c/a> opposing the new policy. “These PTA-funded resources have allowed schools to continue performing well academically despite inadequate funding and continued uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district said the notices being sent are preliminary and that it is “hopeful” final notices won’t be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As site budgets are finalized, we will gain a clearer understanding of which positions schools will choose to fund,” an SFUSD spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:40 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-unified-school-district\">San Francisco Unified School District\u003c/a> announced Thursday evening that it will issue about 170 preliminary layoff notices as it works to close a massive budget deficit by year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pink slips will be sent to 34 counselors and 143 paraeducators — a sharp reduction from the hundreds of potential notices \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028317/sf-schools-brace-hundreds-layoffs-including-teachers-librarians-counselors\">the school board approved\u003c/a> in February — but the smaller list does not guarantee that staff reductions won’t be more significant next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Maria Su has said the district spends about 80% of its $1.3 billion budget on staffing and faces about a $113 million shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is very painful, it is very necessary for us to reduce our existing workforce in both our central office as well as throughout our schools,” she told reporters in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other teachers, social workers, counselors and paraeducators will leave the district through an early retirement buyout, which more than 300 agreed to in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Due to the overwhelming popularity of the supplemental early retirement plan, I am really grateful to say that we do not have to issue any preliminary layoff notices to our teachers across the district,” Su said at a budget town hall Thursday night. “This is really great news for us because we were hoping and trying to find a way to preserve consistency of our [classroom] teaching staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Educators of San Francisco Vice President Frank Lara said the district is also cross-referencing about 280 sunsetting temporary contracts and could opt not to replace some educators who leave the district voluntarily in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already sent 57 assistant principals preliminary letters of release or reassignment, some of whom could be moved into classroom positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD shared a baseline staffing formula last month stating that classroom teachers, principals, clerks and janitors will be funded at its schools. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Go6kR6mU85O8bcHVZlBHntXBYvuZo-qQ/view\">new supplementary staffing guide\u003c/a>, schools will only be able to hire new social workers, nurses, librarians and counselors after those roles are covered at their campus. Schools with supplemental funding can also hire assistant principals. Hiring for some additional roles, such as English language and intervention specialists, will be on hold until 92% of classroom teaching positions across the district are filled.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guide also disallows hiring class size reduction teachers, angering some parent-teacher associations, which have traditionally funded these roles — such as two positions at Chinese Immersion School at DeAvila — at their children’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many years in San Francisco, PTAs have stepped up to fill budget gaps for a variety of operating costs,” reads \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/let-parents-help-fund-sfusd-teachers\">a petition signed by more than 500 parents\u003c/a> opposing the new policy. “These PTA-funded resources have allowed schools to continue performing well academically despite inadequate funding and continued uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district said the notices being sent are preliminary and that it is “hopeful” final notices won’t be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As site budgets are finalized, we will gain a clearer understanding of which positions schools will choose to fund,” an SFUSD spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "metas-efforts-to-block-explosive-expose-in-arbitration-likely-to-fail-labor-experts-say",
"title": "Meta’s Efforts to Block Explosive Expose in Arbitration Likely to Fail, Labor Experts Say",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal labor law enforcement is up in the air these days, thanks to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\"> the Trump administration’s\u003c/a> effort to downsize the government. But experts say there are a host of laws — federal and state — that protect the just-released memoir \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/1250391237\">\u003cem>Careless People\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>: A Cautionary Tale of Power, Greed, and Lost Idealism\u003c/em>, written by a former director of global public policy at Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book by former Facebook employee Sarah Wynn-Williams makes \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/books/review/careless-people-sarah-wynn-williams.html\">incendiary allegations\u003c/a> of sexual harassment and other potentially illegal behavior by top-level executives during her seven years at the social media giant based in Menlo Park. In a blurb on Amazon, the book promises “shocking accounts of misogyny and double standards behind the scenes,” along with depictions of “unfettered power and a rotten company culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn-Williams also filed\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/03/09/meta-china-censorship-facebook-mark-zuckerberg/\"> a whistle-blower complaint\u003c/a> to the Securities and Exchange Commission last week, claiming Meta was so desperate to operate in China and ingratiate itself with the Chinese Communist Party that it was willing to censor content and shut down political dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, an arbitrator temporarily stopped Wynn-Williams from promoting the book, siding with Meta’s argument that she had violated the non-disparagement agreement or NDA she signed when she was an employee of the company. In the \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Arbitration-Interim-Award.pdf\">ruling\u003c/a>, emergency arbitrator Nicholas Gowen wrote that Meta “has established a likelihood of success on the merits of its contractual non-disparagement claim against Respondent Wynn-Williams and that immediate and irreparable loss will result in the absence of emergency relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Meta spokesperson wrote KQED, “We took immediate legal action due to the false and defamatory nature of the allegations.” They added, “This book is a mix of out-of-date and previously reported claims about the company and false accusations about our executives. Eight years ago, Sarah Wynn-Williams was fired for poor performance and toxic behavior, and an investigation at the time determined she made misleading and unfounded allegations of harassment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12020607\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12020607\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"733\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg 1100w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta, testifies during the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, ‘Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis,’ in Washington, D.C., on Jan. 31, 2024. \u003ccite>(Brendan Smialowski/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some former Meta employees are coming forward to defend the company, including Mike Rognlien, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@badmikeyt/post/DHHfpWQykPC?xmt=AQGz0MND3an--2-q2sfIURuFSqWVXPJHKm2FCxNZRrV_lA\">wrote on Threads\u003c/a>, “People are so thirsty for anything disparaging to Meta. I sat next to Sarah for 18 months when we both worked in the New York office and we were both working closely with Sheryl Sandberg at the time. Never a word of this was mentioned, and we talked shit about loooooots of stuff. I have recently/publicly taken meta task for everything that they’re doing to dismantle dei, but I didn’t have to make up a thing to tell the story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arbitration is commonly understood to favor employers over employees, but “an arbitrator cannot violate the law,” said Catherine Fisk of UC Berkeley’s Law School, where she teaches employment and labor law. She also works as an arbitrator in labor management matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that [Wynn-Williams] is criticizing working conditions, employees have had a right to criticize working conditions under federal labor law for, lo, these 90 years. And unless — and until — Congress repeals that statute, or the [the National Labor Relations Board] overturns its decision, or the Supreme Court overturns that decision, it’s protected concerted activities,” Fisk told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11860458 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/1369_transform-2-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford labor law professor William Gould, who served as chair of the NLRB from 1994 to 1998, wrote in an email, “The Biden National Labor Relations Board has held that an employer cannot lawfully condition a severance arrangement upon a non disclosure non disparagement promise agreement.” While Gould acknowledged the ruling is likely to be reversed by Trump appointees, the Biden ruling remains intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law also makes it clear \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/06/973439404/it-really-is-a-gag-order-california-may-limit-nondisclosure-agreements\">workers can talk about sexual harassment\u003c/a> or gender-related misconduct without fear of reprisal from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisk added the arbitrator, Gowen, has no jurisdiction over the publishing company, although Meta could sue or threaten to sue the publisher for defamation. Macmillan Publishers, which published the book under its Flatiron Books imprint, posted on\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1271075701251400&set=a.820130836345891\"> Facebook\u003c/a>, “We are appalled by Meta’s tactics to silence our author through the use of a non-disparagement clause in a severance agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Meta said it would no longer force employees to\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/technology/facebook-arbitration-harassment.html\"> settle sexual harassment claims in private arbitration\u003c/a>. In 2022, Meta’s board of directors wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000132680122000043/meta2022definitiveproxysta.htm\">shareholder report\u003c/a>, “We do not require or encourage our personnel to remain silent about harassment or discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, the NLRB ruled that it is generally illegal for companies to offer severance agreements that prohibit workers from making potentially disparaging statements about former employers, including discussing sexual harassment or sexual assault accusations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Meta is battling to stop sales of an explosive memoir from a former employee in arbitration, but legal experts say federal and state labor laws in California protect the book and its author.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal labor law enforcement is up in the air these days, thanks to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\"> the Trump administration’s\u003c/a> effort to downsize the government. But experts say there are a host of laws — federal and state — that protect the just-released memoir \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/1250391237\">\u003cem>Careless People\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>: A Cautionary Tale of Power, Greed, and Lost Idealism\u003c/em>, written by a former director of global public policy at Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book by former Facebook employee Sarah Wynn-Williams makes \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/books/review/careless-people-sarah-wynn-williams.html\">incendiary allegations\u003c/a> of sexual harassment and other potentially illegal behavior by top-level executives during her seven years at the social media giant based in Menlo Park. In a blurb on Amazon, the book promises “shocking accounts of misogyny and double standards behind the scenes,” along with depictions of “unfettered power and a rotten company culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn-Williams also filed\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/03/09/meta-china-censorship-facebook-mark-zuckerberg/\"> a whistle-blower complaint\u003c/a> to the Securities and Exchange Commission last week, claiming Meta was so desperate to operate in China and ingratiate itself with the Chinese Communist Party that it was willing to censor content and shut down political dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, an arbitrator temporarily stopped Wynn-Williams from promoting the book, siding with Meta’s argument that she had violated the non-disparagement agreement or NDA she signed when she was an employee of the company. In the \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Arbitration-Interim-Award.pdf\">ruling\u003c/a>, emergency arbitrator Nicholas Gowen wrote that Meta “has established a likelihood of success on the merits of its contractual non-disparagement claim against Respondent Wynn-Williams and that immediate and irreparable loss will result in the absence of emergency relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Meta spokesperson wrote KQED, “We took immediate legal action due to the false and defamatory nature of the allegations.” They added, “This book is a mix of out-of-date and previously reported claims about the company and false accusations about our executives. Eight years ago, Sarah Wynn-Williams was fired for poor performance and toxic behavior, and an investigation at the time determined she made misleading and unfounded allegations of harassment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12020607\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12020607\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"733\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg 1100w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta, testifies during the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, ‘Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis,’ in Washington, D.C., on Jan. 31, 2024. \u003ccite>(Brendan Smialowski/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some former Meta employees are coming forward to defend the company, including Mike Rognlien, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@badmikeyt/post/DHHfpWQykPC?xmt=AQGz0MND3an--2-q2sfIURuFSqWVXPJHKm2FCxNZRrV_lA\">wrote on Threads\u003c/a>, “People are so thirsty for anything disparaging to Meta. I sat next to Sarah for 18 months when we both worked in the New York office and we were both working closely with Sheryl Sandberg at the time. Never a word of this was mentioned, and we talked shit about loooooots of stuff. I have recently/publicly taken meta task for everything that they’re doing to dismantle dei, but I didn’t have to make up a thing to tell the story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arbitration is commonly understood to favor employers over employees, but “an arbitrator cannot violate the law,” said Catherine Fisk of UC Berkeley’s Law School, where she teaches employment and labor law. She also works as an arbitrator in labor management matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that [Wynn-Williams] is criticizing working conditions, employees have had a right to criticize working conditions under federal labor law for, lo, these 90 years. And unless — and until — Congress repeals that statute, or the [the National Labor Relations Board] overturns its decision, or the Supreme Court overturns that decision, it’s protected concerted activities,” Fisk told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford labor law professor William Gould, who served as chair of the NLRB from 1994 to 1998, wrote in an email, “The Biden National Labor Relations Board has held that an employer cannot lawfully condition a severance arrangement upon a non disclosure non disparagement promise agreement.” While Gould acknowledged the ruling is likely to be reversed by Trump appointees, the Biden ruling remains intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law also makes it clear \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/06/973439404/it-really-is-a-gag-order-california-may-limit-nondisclosure-agreements\">workers can talk about sexual harassment\u003c/a> or gender-related misconduct without fear of reprisal from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisk added the arbitrator, Gowen, has no jurisdiction over the publishing company, although Meta could sue or threaten to sue the publisher for defamation. Macmillan Publishers, which published the book under its Flatiron Books imprint, posted on\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1271075701251400&set=a.820130836345891\"> Facebook\u003c/a>, “We are appalled by Meta’s tactics to silence our author through the use of a non-disparagement clause in a severance agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Meta said it would no longer force employees to\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/technology/facebook-arbitration-harassment.html\"> settle sexual harassment claims in private arbitration\u003c/a>. In 2022, Meta’s board of directors wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000132680122000043/meta2022definitiveproxysta.htm\">shareholder report\u003c/a>, “We do not require or encourage our personnel to remain silent about harassment or discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, the NLRB ruled that it is generally illegal for companies to offer severance agreements that prohibit workers from making potentially disparaging statements about former employers, including discussing sexual harassment or sexual assault accusations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A two-mile section of San Francisco’s oceanfront \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/great-highway\">Great Highway\u003c/a> has closed permanently to vehicle traffic, setting it up for a transformation into park space that voters approved last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 5 a.m., Friday, the closure took effect on the Upper Great Highway between Lincoln Way and Sloat Boulevard. City crews will work to clear sand — regular maintenance work that has often forced the windblown commuter corridor to close. Traffic improvements will also continue, and public art will be installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new park is planning a grand opening celebration for April 12. It still needs a name, though. Anyone can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfrecpark.org/1824/The-Great-Park-Naming-Contest\">submit suggestions\u003c/a> through Sunday, and the final choice will be unveiled on April 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transformation has drawn considerable backlash from westside residents, including a last-ditch lawsuit filed this week to block the closure and a recall effort targeting the local member of the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A San Francisco park ranger closes the gate prohibiting vehicles on the Great Highway between Sloat Boulevard and Lincoln Way in San Francisco on Nov. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more on how we got here, check out past coverage from KQED reporters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>March 12:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030751/days-before-san-franciscos-great-highway-closure-opponents-aim-block-it\">\u003cem>Days Before San Francisco’s Great Highway Closure, Opponents Aim to Block It\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Feb. 21:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028190/san-franciscos-new-ocean-beach-park-on-track-for-spring-debut\">\u003cem>San Francisco’s New Ocean Beach Park on Track for Spring Debut\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dec. 3, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016404/divide-over-sfs-great-highway-closure-sparks-recall-push-against-supervisor\">\u003cem>Divide Over SF’s Great Highway Closure Sparks Recall Push Against Supervisor\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 16, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995182/proposition-k-victory-closing-part-of-the-great-highway-sparks-debate-and-delight\">\u003cem>Proposition K Victory: Closing Part of the Great Highway Sparks Debate and Delight\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 9, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995077/yes-on-k-declares-victory-on-san-franciscos-proposition-k\">\u003cem>Yes on K Declares Victory on San Francisco’s Proposition K\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 2, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012206/12012206\">\u003cem>San Francisco Is on a Tear Opening New Parks. Is Another on the Way?\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Oct. 17, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12009607/turning-sfs-great-highway-park-major-ecological-benefits-report-says\">\u003cem>Turning SF’s Great Highway Into a Park Will Have Major Ecological Benefits, Report Says\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new park is planning a grand opening celebration for April 12. It still needs a name, though. Anyone can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfrecpark.org/1824/The-Great-Park-Naming-Contest\">submit suggestions\u003c/a> through Sunday, and the final choice will be unveiled on April 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transformation has drawn considerable backlash from westside residents, including a last-ditch lawsuit filed this week to block the closure and a recall effort targeting the local member of the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/241115-PropKFolo-10-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A San Francisco park ranger closes the gate prohibiting vehicles on the Great Highway between Sloat Boulevard and Lincoln Way in San Francisco on Nov. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more on how we got here, check out past coverage from KQED reporters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>March 12:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030751/days-before-san-franciscos-great-highway-closure-opponents-aim-block-it\">\u003cem>Days Before San Francisco’s Great Highway Closure, Opponents Aim to Block It\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Feb. 21:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028190/san-franciscos-new-ocean-beach-park-on-track-for-spring-debut\">\u003cem>San Francisco’s New Ocean Beach Park on Track for Spring Debut\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dec. 3, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016404/divide-over-sfs-great-highway-closure-sparks-recall-push-against-supervisor\">\u003cem>Divide Over SF’s Great Highway Closure Sparks Recall Push Against Supervisor\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 16, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995182/proposition-k-victory-closing-part-of-the-great-highway-sparks-debate-and-delight\">\u003cem>Proposition K Victory: Closing Part of the Great Highway Sparks Debate and Delight\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 9, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995077/yes-on-k-declares-victory-on-san-franciscos-proposition-k\">\u003cem>Yes on K Declares Victory on San Francisco’s Proposition K\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Nov. 2, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012206/12012206\">\u003cem>San Francisco Is on a Tear Opening New Parks. Is Another on the Way?\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Oct. 17, 2024:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12009607/turning-sfs-great-highway-park-major-ecological-benefits-report-says\">\u003cem>Turning SF’s Great Highway Into a Park Will Have Major Ecological Benefits, Report Says\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-california-railroads-surprising-impact-on-food-and-civil-rights",
"title": "The California Railroad's Surprising Impact on Food and Civil Rights",
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"headTitle": "The California Railroad’s Surprising Impact on Food and Civil Rights | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Amtrak’s California Zephyr \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">from the Bay Area\u003c/a> to Chicago had always been an item on passengers Jamie Thomas and Shreya Jalan’s bucket lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always took trains with my dad,” Thomas told KQED. “My fondest memories are sitting with him, chatting or getting dinner together. It was a very good place to connect with people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This includes strangers. The dining car, where Thomas was seated next to fellow Bay Area resident Jalan, practices “community seating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of stories we get to hear and exchange, I think it’s really beautiful,” said Jalan, who didn’t know Thomas before the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, fourth graders learn about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">the transcontinental railroad\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/201507271000/stanford-project-unearths-personal-histories-of-chinese-railroad-workers-2\">the mostly Chinese laborers\u003c/a> who laid the track eastward from Sacramento, leveling, drilling and tunneling through the Sierra Nevada to connect with the westward tracks. The so-called “Big Four” railroad tycoons behind the construction — the Central Pacific Railroad — are also well-known. However, some of this history can get overlooked, like how the railroad – and its connection to food – shaped much of California’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018787\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018787\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Place settings in a dining car on display on Dec. 18, 2024, at the California State Railroad Museum. \u003ccite>(Kelly B. Huston/California State Railroad Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trains would go on to make the Golden State a powerhouse. But innovation went hand in hand with exploitation of land and rail workers, whose resistance against discrimination led to breakthroughs in labor and civil rights. As author and archivist, Benjamin Jenkins put it, “The railroad really revolutionizes just about every part of California’s politics, society and economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Laying The Tracks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://dp.la/exhibitions/transcontinental-railroad/nation-transformed/connection-exclusion?item=967\">routes\u003c/a> of the Zephyr line parallels that of the first transcontinental railroad. One of the most beautiful train routes in the United States, Zephyr’s California path alone is stunning. Leaving Emeryville, near Oakland, it hugs the Bay before passing under the Carquinez Bridge and heading into the Delta, snaking by islands and waterways. After stopping in Sacramento, it climbs through California’s foothills, then into the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On shorter routes, a lot of trains have cafe cars with drinks, snacks and pre-packaged food. But many of the longer Amtrak routes have dining cars like this one, with a full kitchen taking up the whole lower level. Diners mingle over white table cloths, flower vases and plastic plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12029482 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/al-akbar-band-1020x686.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the Central Pacific was completed in 1869, trains with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/dining-in-transit-the-introduction-of-the-railroad\">dining cars\u003c/a> were already running out of Chicago. It would take California a while to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Big Four had big plans. They purchased a small railroad line, the Southern Pacific, and expanded it dramatically, stretching from the Bay Area down to Los Angeles and across hundreds of miles to Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early days of the Southern Pacific, the Big Four had a near-monopoly in California. Riding the train was prohibitively expensive, but when a competing company — known as the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway — later reached Los Angeles, it caused a rate war. Tickets from Chicago to LA dropped from $125 to $1. Los Angeles went from cowtown to boomtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the train offered few amenities and people packed their own food to avoid terrible roadhouse meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people would make fried chicken and get on the train. They’d trade some of that fried chicken for pillows and [other goods],” said Lawrence Dale, who worked for the BNSF Railway Company for more than 42 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing at an exhibit at the \u003ca href=\"https://barstowrailmuseums.com/\">Western American Railroad Museum\u003c/a> in Barstow, Dale explained that the further the trains went, the less practical it was for passengers to bring all of their own food on a trip. And when there’s a business vacuum, someone will try to fill it. Enter Fred Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018784\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawrence Dale poses near an exhibit at the Western American Railroad Museum in Barstow on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The museum takes up a section of what was once Barstow’s Harvey House, a restaurant designed for train passengers right off the railroad tracks. For a building that’s more than 110 years old, it’s beautiful with columns, decorative brick arches and shaded walkways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with the Santa Fe railroad, Harvey built Harvey Houses every 100 miles. They served fancy cheeses, oysters, fruit, sirloin and generous slices of pie. Another big attraction: waitresses known as “Harvey Girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Girls were young, single and almost always white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I can tell you about Harvey Girls is they were young women out of the Midwest,” said Dale. “They were brought in here by Fred Harvey and weren’t allowed to date. They weren’t allowed to do nothing except serve the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, plenty of Harvey Girls did marry and relocate to farms and ranches across the West. While they were Harvey Girls, they worked long hours, lived in dorms under the watchful eyes of house mothers and were expected to meet strict standards of decorum and image, down to their uniform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White gloves, white full-cover apron with a black garment underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1232\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-800x493.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1536x946.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1920x1183.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fred Harvey manager Victor Patrosso poses in front of the El Tovar Hotel in Grand Canyon National Park with a group of 20 Harvey Girls dressed in their evening uniform in 1926. \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Bow in the back of the hair,” Dale said, pointing to a display. “They were all supposed to be dressed alike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For passengers, eating at a Harvey House was an elevated dining experience, but it was more efficient than leisurely. Trains called in passengers’ orders ahead by telegraph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say a westbound train pulled into Needles, a city in San Bernardino County. The conductor would come through the cars, taking orders and contact the next Harvey House down the line in Barstow, letting staff know how many people planned to eat and what time they’d arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers disembarked, sat in the well-appointed dining room and had a limited time to eat before the train left the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Houses were a precursor to fast food and chain restaurants and they helped change the intent of train travel from something that was just utilitarian to an experience, according to Ty Smith, director of the California State Railroad Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-800x476.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1020x607.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1536x914.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1920x1142.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvey girls and other employees pose in front of the Bright Angel Lodge in Grand Canyon National Park in 1915. \u003ccite>(T.L. Brown/National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Dining was at the heart of the transition from conveyance to experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento, a city rich in railroad history, is the perfect home for the museum, where kids wearing conductor’s hats and blowing train whistles mingle with adult rail buffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re two blocks from mile marker zero, where the Central Pacific Railroad started building from west to east,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, trains transported picks and shovels and other goods from the city into the foothills to the miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11910890 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foodways are embedded throughout the museum, too. Smith pointed out a display that holds artifacts of a Chinese workers camp: a ginger jar, a tea cup, a rice bowl, a glazed stoneware jar that stored vinegars and sauces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chinese workers made up 90% of the labor force for the Central Pacific Railroad, they were in segregated camps, according to Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese railroad workers didn’t get the same pay or food allowances that their Irish and other counterparts did,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this small display illustrates the racism baked into the building of the railroads: the chasm between people who owned the railroads and the people who worked on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The museum also has a sleeper car on a rocker to simulate the feeling of being on a train. It’s set up to show how the car would look both during the day and in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the day, the upper berths would be folded up. The lower berths serve as comfy seats,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019268\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019268\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-800x263.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1020x335.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1536x505.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-2048x673.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1920x631.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(right): Interior view of the Harvey House Hotel between 1909-1910 in Barstow, California. The decor includes ceiling lamps, a clock, a potted palm, deco stencils and wooden chairs. (left): View of the Harvey House Hotel from the railroad tracks. The building, also called Casa del Desierto, was designed by Francis Wilson and includes arcades, balconies, and corbeled brick. \u003ccite>(G. M. Hamilton/Denver Public Library Special Collections)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At night, porters would unfold the upper berths and convert the seats to beds. Smith pointed to a little button passengers could push to call a porter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to the sleeper car is a 1937 Cochiti dining car, which ran on Santa Fe’s Super Chief train between Chicago and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives us a chance to talk about what it was like to dine on a train during the golden era of rail travel,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the narrow galley kitchen, it’s hard to imagine all the people needed to prepare three gourmet meals a day for 50 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The chef, people doing prep, mise-en-place,” Smith enumerated. “You’d have to find a cadence to work within the space. A lot of gleaming stainless steel-like surfaces — knives and graters and colanders and big soup pots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018775\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1626px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018775\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1626\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg 1626w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-800x984.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-1020x1255.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-160x197.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-1249x1536.jpg 1249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1626px) 100vw, 1626px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unnamed railroad chef carving turkey in the narrow kitchen galley of a Baltimore and Ohio train, undated. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Called to the dining room by chimes, passengers would sit among abundant flower arrangements and intricate Art Deco metalwork. They ate at tables with tablecloths and off of china with patterns that reflected the route: poppies in California and animal images inspired by Native American art in the Southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Docent Allen Blum shared a menu for the Super Chief, including “ripe California colossal olives, grapefruit, orange and raisin fruit, swordfish steak, and poached salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menus often reflected cuisines and ingredients along the route. Blum said the Super Chief carried politicians and stars from Walt Disney to Jack Benny to Marilyn Monroe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was definitely considered first class,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers on dining cars came to expect attentive service — one waiter per two tables. Smith explained that the businessman best known for railroad dining cars was George Pullman. He built and owned luxury train cars to appeal to passengers who wanted to travel in style, and he leased his cars to the railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said Pullman was a master at branding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018772\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1620\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-800x648.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1020x826.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1536x1244.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1920x1555.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Group photograph of the ‘Owl’ Dining Car Crew (back row, left-right): Bert Hackett, unidentified, unidentified, Henry Earl (front row, left-right): Joe C. Brown, Arthur Johnson, unidentified, steward, Charles Williams, dated 1927. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pullman is creating the romance of train travel,” he added. “To ride on a Pullman car means something, and this feeds his ability to lease these cars to the railroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pullman built his business on the backs of the Black service workers he hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a luxurious experience, but a completely racialized experience,” said Susan Anderson, history curator at the California African American Museum. “From the appointment of the sleeping area to the dining car to the cuisine and the meals, the way that you were waited on, all of that was just premium. And all of it, on the Pullman cars, was provided by Black labor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Engines of resistance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>White men held positions like engineer and conductor. The servant-type jobs — porter, steward, cook, maid and waiter — were reserved for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Pullman and the Pullman Company were explicit about this,” Anderson said. “They wanted white people to be waited on by Black people because, in our history, racism conflated being a slave or being a servant with being Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018776\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018776\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-800x474.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1020x605.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1536x911.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1920x1139.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunset Limited Pullman porters standing on train platform (left-right): George Kunnard, Eddie Hayes, Sam Dungey, S. Matthews, Albert Moore, McNally Ray, 1923, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Photograph collection, MS 189, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Porters who did everything from turning down beds, carrying luggage and serving food were usually not addressed by their names. They were called “George” after Pullman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the subjugation of Black workers was a direct reflection of the way the U.S. economy was organized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, that’s U.S. history. But Black history is that they took these positions and they made the most out of them, and they used them to the advantage of their own people and their own families,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Black people saw railroad jobs as opportunities to broaden their horizons, bring money back home or leave Southern states altogether and move their families elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who worked for the railroad got a lot of respect in the community,” said Anderson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her own family has a connection to railroad history. Anderson’s maternal great-grandfather was a chef on the railroad. His name was Edward Wilcox and his family was originally from Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018774\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018774\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1138\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-800x455.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1020x580.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1536x874.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1920x1092.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four Pullman porters standing on sidewalk in an undated photograph, identified on the image’s reverse as C.L. Jones, Richardson, J. Simms. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They came to West Oakland in the late 19th century,” Anderson said. “They actually established a church in West Oakland. It’s still there, Bethlehem Lutheran Church. And that enclave was partly like a labor reserve for the Southern Pacific Railroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1926, the Pullman Company was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13931436/frances-albrier-black-red-cross-naacp-richmond-shipyard-berkeley-wwii-seniors\">the largest single employer of African American workers\u003c/a> in the country, with over 10,000 porters and 200 maids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Anderson, a lot of intellectuals worked as porters or waiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were college men who had no other employment opportunities in a racist economy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The railroad workers left a big legacy in American civic and cultural life. In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote about selling sandwiches on trains. Renowned photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3134060\">Gordon Parks\u003c/a> waited tables in dining cars. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresun.com/2021/03/25/pullman-porters-once-the-backbone-of-passenger-rail-service-laid-the-groundwork-for-what-became-the-civil-rights-movement/\">Thurgood Marshall\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/16/us/for-a-politician-power-and-riches-go-together.html\">Willie Brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/07/27/tom-bradley-beating-the-odds/78bf47b4-d24e-42ea-be97-dec78cae9723/\">Tom Bradley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/My-Life-as-I-See-It/Dionne-Warwick/9781439171356\">Dionne Warwick\u003c/a> had fathers who were porters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1597px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031165\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1597\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png 1597w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-800x541.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-1020x690.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-1536x1039.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1597px) 100vw, 1597px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Delegates, 1st Porters’ national convention. At top, C. L. Dellums of Oakland’s 16th St. Station, who became the powerful Vice President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and later president. \u003ccite>(AAMLO Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Railroad workers networked with each other across the country, sharing copies of Black-owned newspapers and other literature, including \u003cem>The Messenger\u003c/em>, a political and literary magazine for Black people that was founded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-philip-randolph/\">A. Phillip Randolph\u003c/a>, an influential civil rights activist and labor organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they began the effort to organize so that they could demand better wages, better working conditions for themselves, better hours,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an oral history archived at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13834135/oakland-library-wins-grant-to-digitize-unused-footage-of-the-black-panther-party\">African American Museum & Library at Oakland\u003c/a>, former Oakland-based Pullman porter Cottrell Laurence (C.L.) Dellums said, “There was no limit on the number of hours. The company unilaterally set up the operation of the runs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dellums, whose late nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101866505/remembering-former-oakland-mayor-congressman-ron-dellums\">Ron Dellums\u003c/a>, was a California congressman and former Oakland mayor, started working for Pullman in 1924. He said the salary at the time was $60 a month. Workloads for the porters was from 300 to over 400 hours a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018773\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1342\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-800x1192.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-1020x1520.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-160x238.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-1031x1536.jpg 1031w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of C.L. Dellums \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And they provided what we said was just enough rest between trips for the porter to be able to make one more trip,” Dellums said in the audio recording. “Anybody could take the porter’s job. Not only any kind of Pullman official — from the lowest to the highest — could take his job. Anybody traveling as a passenger, even though it might be the first trip they’ve ever been on a train, they could write him up and get him fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kept out of the American Railway Union, Black workers founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters & Maids in 1925. Dellums began signing up workers for the union despite the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never heard of a war that there weren’t battles. And never, never heard of a battle without casualties … But I will be heard from. And so I did. And sure enough, of course, they did discharge me,” Dellums said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He eventually became one of the union’s vice presidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took years, but the Brotherhood became the first Black union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. In 1937, they got a contract with Pullman, the first in history between a Black union and a large U.S. company. The union established an eight-hour work day, regulated work schedules and increased pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brotherhood influenced much more than service work on railroads. They were on the ground for many efforts during the civil rights movement, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How railroads changed what and how we eat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Along the California Zephyr’s route through the outskirts of Sacramento, intricate irrigation systems and crops in perfect rows reveal the railroad’s impact on agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019265\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-800x316.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1020x402.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1536x606.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1920x757.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(right): Two men loading boxes of chopped spinach into PFE mechanical reefer. (left): Preco mechanical car icer in operation in LA. \u003ccite>(Preco/California State Railroad Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Archivist Benjamin Jenkins has written about the railroad’s impact on what we eat in his book, \u003cem>Octopus’s Garden: How Railroads and Citrus Transformed Southern California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first entire railroad car full of oranges left Los Angeles for the Midwest in 1877, Jenkins told KQED. The oranges traveled on a refrigerator car packed with ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had to be re-iced 10 times going across the desert and the Badlands to make sure that the fruit didn’t spoil,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s produce industry took off a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But once it starts, it really never looks back,” Jenkins said. “So the explosion of new people, new crops as a result of the railroad bringing them in, and then shipping the goods out is just utterly transformative for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroads built “spur lines” off the main lines to access huge parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12027942 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/image4-e1740093867875-1020x1015.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wherever the railroad goes, land values start to increase,” Jenkins said. “And so they are able to sell land at a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins explained that in many states, the government had given the railroads loans and gifted them enormous tracts of land. The idea was that after the tracks were built, the railroads could sell off much of the land at a profit to farmers who would build packing houses right on the tracks. There were fewer land grants of this kind in California, but railroad companies still secured rights of way — sometimes over Native reservations — and became major landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities tried to entice railroads to come their way as “citrus cities” began forming in the late 1800s along tracks, especially in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroads shipped out more than just produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Full-color advertising starts to appear in the late 19th and early 20th centuries selling a packaged California lifestyle,” Jenkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Pacific Railroad launched Sunset Magazine as a part of this campaign to draw people out west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wooden packing crates got loaded onto trains, sporting labels with illustrations of almost comically perfect produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these images show a perpetually sunny Golden State, the fruits of paradise being grown underneath these purple snow-capped mountains,” said Jenkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The railroad even circulated California postcards, advertising the state as what Jenkins called a “new Eden,” an image that endured well beyond the heyday of train travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced as part of California Foodways with support from the Food and Environment Reporting Network and California Humanities, a nonprofit partner of National Endowment for the Humanities. Big thanks also go to the African American Museum and Library at Oakland, the library and archives at the California State Railroad Museum and Rachel Reinhard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>For her series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiafoodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, Lisa Morehouse is reporting a story about food and farming from each of California’s 58 counties.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Amtrak’s California Zephyr \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">from the Bay Area\u003c/a> to Chicago had always been an item on passengers Jamie Thomas and Shreya Jalan’s bucket lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always took trains with my dad,” Thomas told KQED. “My fondest memories are sitting with him, chatting or getting dinner together. It was a very good place to connect with people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This includes strangers. The dining car, where Thomas was seated next to fellow Bay Area resident Jalan, practices “community seating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of stories we get to hear and exchange, I think it’s really beautiful,” said Jalan, who didn’t know Thomas before the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, fourth graders learn about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">the transcontinental railroad\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/201507271000/stanford-project-unearths-personal-histories-of-chinese-railroad-workers-2\">the mostly Chinese laborers\u003c/a> who laid the track eastward from Sacramento, leveling, drilling and tunneling through the Sierra Nevada to connect with the westward tracks. The so-called “Big Four” railroad tycoons behind the construction — the Central Pacific Railroad — are also well-known. However, some of this history can get overlooked, like how the railroad – and its connection to food – shaped much of California’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018787\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018787\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM-Roster-Cochiti-Dining_2024-03-27_A7R5393_HighRes-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Place settings in a dining car on display on Dec. 18, 2024, at the California State Railroad Museum. \u003ccite>(Kelly B. Huston/California State Railroad Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trains would go on to make the Golden State a powerhouse. But innovation went hand in hand with exploitation of land and rail workers, whose resistance against discrimination led to breakthroughs in labor and civil rights. As author and archivist, Benjamin Jenkins put it, “The railroad really revolutionizes just about every part of California’s politics, society and economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Laying The Tracks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://dp.la/exhibitions/transcontinental-railroad/nation-transformed/connection-exclusion?item=967\">routes\u003c/a> of the Zephyr line parallels that of the first transcontinental railroad. One of the most beautiful train routes in the United States, Zephyr’s California path alone is stunning. Leaving Emeryville, near Oakland, it hugs the Bay before passing under the Carquinez Bridge and heading into the Delta, snaking by islands and waterways. After stopping in Sacramento, it climbs through California’s foothills, then into the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On shorter routes, a lot of trains have cafe cars with drinks, snacks and pre-packaged food. But many of the longer Amtrak routes have dining cars like this one, with a full kitchen taking up the whole lower level. Diners mingle over white table cloths, flower vases and plastic plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the Central Pacific was completed in 1869, trains with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/dining-in-transit-the-introduction-of-the-railroad\">dining cars\u003c/a> were already running out of Chicago. It would take California a while to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Big Four had big plans. They purchased a small railroad line, the Southern Pacific, and expanded it dramatically, stretching from the Bay Area down to Los Angeles and across hundreds of miles to Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early days of the Southern Pacific, the Big Four had a near-monopoly in California. Riding the train was prohibitively expensive, but when a competing company — known as the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway — later reached Los Angeles, it caused a rate war. Tickets from Chicago to LA dropped from $125 to $1. Los Angeles went from cowtown to boomtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the train offered few amenities and people packed their own food to avoid terrible roadhouse meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people would make fried chicken and get on the train. They’d trade some of that fried chicken for pillows and [other goods],” said Lawrence Dale, who worked for the BNSF Railway Company for more than 42 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing at an exhibit at the \u003ca href=\"https://barstowrailmuseums.com/\">Western American Railroad Museum\u003c/a> in Barstow, Dale explained that the further the trains went, the less practical it was for passengers to bring all of their own food on a trip. And when there’s a business vacuum, someone will try to fill it. Enter Fred Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018784\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/DSC08157-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawrence Dale poses near an exhibit at the Western American Railroad Museum in Barstow on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The museum takes up a section of what was once Barstow’s Harvey House, a restaurant designed for train passengers right off the railroad tracks. For a building that’s more than 110 years old, it’s beautiful with columns, decorative brick arches and shaded walkways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with the Santa Fe railroad, Harvey built Harvey Houses every 100 miles. They served fancy cheeses, oysters, fruit, sirloin and generous slices of pie. Another big attraction: waitresses known as “Harvey Girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Girls were young, single and almost always white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I can tell you about Harvey Girls is they were young women out of the Midwest,” said Dale. “They were brought in here by Fred Harvey and weren’t allowed to date. They weren’t allowed to do nothing except serve the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, plenty of Harvey Girls did marry and relocate to farms and ranches across the West. While they were Harvey Girls, they worked long hours, lived in dorms under the watchful eyes of house mothers and were expected to meet strict standards of decorum and image, down to their uniform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White gloves, white full-cover apron with a black garment underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1232\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-800x493.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1536x946.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18350-1920x1183.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fred Harvey manager Victor Patrosso poses in front of the El Tovar Hotel in Grand Canyon National Park with a group of 20 Harvey Girls dressed in their evening uniform in 1926. \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Bow in the back of the hair,” Dale said, pointing to a display. “They were all supposed to be dressed alike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For passengers, eating at a Harvey House was an elevated dining experience, but it was more efficient than leisurely. Trains called in passengers’ orders ahead by telegraph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say a westbound train pulled into Needles, a city in San Bernardino County. The conductor would come through the cars, taking orders and contact the next Harvey House down the line in Barstow, letting staff know how many people planned to eat and what time they’d arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers disembarked, sat in the well-appointed dining room and had a limited time to eat before the train left the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Houses were a precursor to fast food and chain restaurants and they helped change the intent of train travel from something that was just utilitarian to an experience, according to Ty Smith, director of the California State Railroad Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018769\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1190\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-800x476.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1020x607.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1536x914.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/18207-1920x1142.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvey girls and other employees pose in front of the Bright Angel Lodge in Grand Canyon National Park in 1915. \u003ccite>(T.L. Brown/National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Dining was at the heart of the transition from conveyance to experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento, a city rich in railroad history, is the perfect home for the museum, where kids wearing conductor’s hats and blowing train whistles mingle with adult rail buffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re two blocks from mile marker zero, where the Central Pacific Railroad started building from west to east,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, trains transported picks and shovels and other goods from the city into the foothills to the miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foodways are embedded throughout the museum, too. Smith pointed out a display that holds artifacts of a Chinese workers camp: a ginger jar, a tea cup, a rice bowl, a glazed stoneware jar that stored vinegars and sauces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chinese workers made up 90% of the labor force for the Central Pacific Railroad, they were in segregated camps, according to Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese railroad workers didn’t get the same pay or food allowances that their Irish and other counterparts did,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this small display illustrates the racism baked into the building of the railroads: the chasm between people who owned the railroads and the people who worked on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The museum also has a sleeper car on a rocker to simulate the feeling of being on a train. It’s set up to show how the car would look both during the day and in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the day, the upper berths would be folded up. The lower berths serve as comfy seats,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019268\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019268\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-800x263.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1020x335.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1536x505.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-2048x673.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/11001768.TIF_duo-1920x631.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(right): Interior view of the Harvey House Hotel between 1909-1910 in Barstow, California. The decor includes ceiling lamps, a clock, a potted palm, deco stencils and wooden chairs. (left): View of the Harvey House Hotel from the railroad tracks. The building, also called Casa del Desierto, was designed by Francis Wilson and includes arcades, balconies, and corbeled brick. \u003ccite>(G. M. Hamilton/Denver Public Library Special Collections)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At night, porters would unfold the upper berths and convert the seats to beds. Smith pointed to a little button passengers could push to call a porter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to the sleeper car is a 1937 Cochiti dining car, which ran on Santa Fe’s Super Chief train between Chicago and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives us a chance to talk about what it was like to dine on a train during the golden era of rail travel,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the narrow galley kitchen, it’s hard to imagine all the people needed to prepare three gourmet meals a day for 50 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The chef, people doing prep, mise-en-place,” Smith enumerated. “You’d have to find a cadence to work within the space. A lot of gleaming stainless steel-like surfaces — knives and graters and colanders and big soup pots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018775\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1626px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018775\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1626\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328.jpg 1626w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-800x984.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-1020x1255.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-160x197.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1328-1249x1536.jpg 1249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1626px) 100vw, 1626px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unnamed railroad chef carving turkey in the narrow kitchen galley of a Baltimore and Ohio train, undated. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Called to the dining room by chimes, passengers would sit among abundant flower arrangements and intricate Art Deco metalwork. They ate at tables with tablecloths and off of china with patterns that reflected the route: poppies in California and animal images inspired by Native American art in the Southwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Docent Allen Blum shared a menu for the Super Chief, including “ripe California colossal olives, grapefruit, orange and raisin fruit, swordfish steak, and poached salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menus often reflected cuisines and ingredients along the route. Blum said the Super Chief carried politicians and stars from Walt Disney to Jack Benny to Marilyn Monroe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was definitely considered first class,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers on dining cars came to expect attentive service — one waiter per two tables. Smith explained that the businessman best known for railroad dining cars was George Pullman. He built and owned luxury train cars to appeal to passengers who wanted to travel in style, and he leased his cars to the railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said Pullman was a master at branding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018772\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1620\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-800x648.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1020x826.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1536x1244.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1314-1920x1555.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Group photograph of the ‘Owl’ Dining Car Crew (back row, left-right): Bert Hackett, unidentified, unidentified, Henry Earl (front row, left-right): Joe C. Brown, Arthur Johnson, unidentified, steward, Charles Williams, dated 1927. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pullman is creating the romance of train travel,” he added. “To ride on a Pullman car means something, and this feeds his ability to lease these cars to the railroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pullman built his business on the backs of the Black service workers he hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a luxurious experience, but a completely racialized experience,” said Susan Anderson, history curator at the California African American Museum. “From the appointment of the sleeping area to the dining car to the cuisine and the meals, the way that you were waited on, all of that was just premium. And all of it, on the Pullman cars, was provided by Black labor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Engines of resistance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>White men held positions like engineer and conductor. The servant-type jobs — porter, steward, cook, maid and waiter — were reserved for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Pullman and the Pullman Company were explicit about this,” Anderson said. “They wanted white people to be waited on by Black people because, in our history, racism conflated being a slave or being a servant with being Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018776\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018776\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-800x474.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1020x605.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1536x911.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1997-1920x1139.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunset Limited Pullman porters standing on train platform (left-right): George Kunnard, Eddie Hayes, Sam Dungey, S. Matthews, Albert Moore, McNally Ray, 1923, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Photograph collection, MS 189, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Porters who did everything from turning down beds, carrying luggage and serving food were usually not addressed by their names. They were called “George” after Pullman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the subjugation of Black workers was a direct reflection of the way the U.S. economy was organized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, that’s U.S. history. But Black history is that they took these positions and they made the most out of them, and they used them to the advantage of their own people and their own families,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Black people saw railroad jobs as opportunities to broaden their horizons, bring money back home or leave Southern states altogether and move their families elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who worked for the railroad got a lot of respect in the community,” said Anderson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her own family has a connection to railroad history. Anderson’s maternal great-grandfather was a chef on the railroad. His name was Edward Wilcox and his family was originally from Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018774\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018774\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1138\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-800x455.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1020x580.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1536x874.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1322-1920x1092.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four Pullman porters standing on sidewalk in an undated photograph, identified on the image’s reverse as C.L. Jones, Richardson, J. Simms. \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They came to West Oakland in the late 19th century,” Anderson said. “They actually established a church in West Oakland. It’s still there, Bethlehem Lutheran Church. And that enclave was partly like a labor reserve for the Southern Pacific Railroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1926, the Pullman Company was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13931436/frances-albrier-black-red-cross-naacp-richmond-shipyard-berkeley-wwii-seniors\">the largest single employer of African American workers\u003c/a> in the country, with over 10,000 porters and 200 maids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Anderson, a lot of intellectuals worked as porters or waiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were college men who had no other employment opportunities in a racist economy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The railroad workers left a big legacy in American civic and cultural life. In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote about selling sandwiches on trains. Renowned photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3134060\">Gordon Parks\u003c/a> waited tables in dining cars. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresun.com/2021/03/25/pullman-porters-once-the-backbone-of-passenger-rail-service-laid-the-groundwork-for-what-became-the-civil-rights-movement/\">Thurgood Marshall\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/16/us/for-a-politician-power-and-riches-go-together.html\">Willie Brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/07/27/tom-bradley-beating-the-odds/78bf47b4-d24e-42ea-be97-dec78cae9723/\">Tom Bradley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/My-Life-as-I-See-It/Dionne-Warwick/9781439171356\">Dionne Warwick\u003c/a> had fathers who were porters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1597px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031165\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1597\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP.png 1597w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-800x541.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-1020x690.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-160x108.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/BSCP-1536x1039.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1597px) 100vw, 1597px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Delegates, 1st Porters’ national convention. At top, C. L. Dellums of Oakland’s 16th St. Station, who became the powerful Vice President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and later president. \u003ccite>(AAMLO Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Railroad workers networked with each other across the country, sharing copies of Black-owned newspapers and other literature, including \u003cem>The Messenger\u003c/em>, a political and literary magazine for Black people that was founded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-philip-randolph/\">A. Phillip Randolph\u003c/a>, an influential civil rights activist and labor organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they began the effort to organize so that they could demand better wages, better working conditions for themselves, better hours,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an oral history archived at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13834135/oakland-library-wins-grant-to-digitize-unused-footage-of-the-black-panther-party\">African American Museum & Library at Oakland\u003c/a>, former Oakland-based Pullman porter Cottrell Laurence (C.L.) Dellums said, “There was no limit on the number of hours. The company unilaterally set up the operation of the runs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dellums, whose late nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101866505/remembering-former-oakland-mayor-congressman-ron-dellums\">Ron Dellums\u003c/a>, was a California congressman and former Oakland mayor, started working for Pullman in 1924. He said the salary at the time was $60 a month. Workloads for the porters was from 300 to over 400 hours a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018773\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1342\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-800x1192.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-1020x1520.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-160x238.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/MS189_1320-1031x1536.jpg 1031w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of C.L. Dellums \u003ccite>(African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And they provided what we said was just enough rest between trips for the porter to be able to make one more trip,” Dellums said in the audio recording. “Anybody could take the porter’s job. Not only any kind of Pullman official — from the lowest to the highest — could take his job. Anybody traveling as a passenger, even though it might be the first trip they’ve ever been on a train, they could write him up and get him fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kept out of the American Railway Union, Black workers founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters & Maids in 1925. Dellums began signing up workers for the union despite the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never heard of a war that there weren’t battles. And never, never heard of a battle without casualties … But I will be heard from. And so I did. And sure enough, of course, they did discharge me,” Dellums said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He eventually became one of the union’s vice presidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took years, but the Brotherhood became the first Black union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. In 1937, they got a contract with Pullman, the first in history between a Black union and a large U.S. company. The union established an eight-hour work day, regulated work schedules and increased pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brotherhood influenced much more than service work on railroads. They were on the ground for many efforts during the civil rights movement, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How railroads changed what and how we eat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Along the California Zephyr’s route through the outskirts of Sacramento, intricate irrigation systems and crops in perfect rows reveal the railroad’s impact on agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019265\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-800x316.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1020x402.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1536x606.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/CSRM_40274_p-2_duo-1920x757.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(right): Two men loading boxes of chopped spinach into PFE mechanical reefer. (left): Preco mechanical car icer in operation in LA. \u003ccite>(Preco/California State Railroad Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Archivist Benjamin Jenkins has written about the railroad’s impact on what we eat in his book, \u003cem>Octopus’s Garden: How Railroads and Citrus Transformed Southern California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first entire railroad car full of oranges left Los Angeles for the Midwest in 1877, Jenkins told KQED. The oranges traveled on a refrigerator car packed with ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had to be re-iced 10 times going across the desert and the Badlands to make sure that the fruit didn’t spoil,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s produce industry took off a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But once it starts, it really never looks back,” Jenkins said. “So the explosion of new people, new crops as a result of the railroad bringing them in, and then shipping the goods out is just utterly transformative for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroads built “spur lines” off the main lines to access huge parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wherever the railroad goes, land values start to increase,” Jenkins said. “And so they are able to sell land at a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenkins explained that in many states, the government had given the railroads loans and gifted them enormous tracts of land. The idea was that after the tracks were built, the railroads could sell off much of the land at a profit to farmers who would build packing houses right on the tracks. There were fewer land grants of this kind in California, but railroad companies still secured rights of way — sometimes over Native reservations — and became major landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities tried to entice railroads to come their way as “citrus cities” began forming in the late 1800s along tracks, especially in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroads shipped out more than just produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Full-color advertising starts to appear in the late 19th and early 20th centuries selling a packaged California lifestyle,” Jenkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Pacific Railroad launched Sunset Magazine as a part of this campaign to draw people out west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wooden packing crates got loaded onto trains, sporting labels with illustrations of almost comically perfect produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these images show a perpetually sunny Golden State, the fruits of paradise being grown underneath these purple snow-capped mountains,” said Jenkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The railroad even circulated California postcards, advertising the state as what Jenkins called a “new Eden,” an image that endured well beyond the heyday of train travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced as part of California Foodways with support from the Food and Environment Reporting Network and California Humanities, a nonprofit partner of National Endowment for the Humanities. Big thanks also go to the African American Museum and Library at Oakland, the library and archives at the California State Railroad Museum and Rachel Reinhard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Cold Bay Area Storm Could Dust Mount Diablo With Snow, Drop Hail in Some Parts",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area mountain tops could see snow on Thursday morning after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030924/bay-area-storms-bring-days-wind-rain-unsettled-weather\">cold front arrived in the region\u003c/a> overnight. While the powder dusting won’t reach San Francisco or San José, the wider Bay Area could be hit with hail and thunderstorms before a break in the rain late in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the rainfall from the storm that rolled through Wednesday has passed, according to the National Weather Service, but lingering moisture-rich clouds and low temperatures could create the perfect conditions for short, heavy downpours and thunderstorms throughout the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist at the weather service’s Bay Area office, said hail is likely to accompany any thunder, but the chance is slim — just about 15% across the region. The South and East Bay have the highest chances for pea-sized pellets of ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures across the region will be 8 to 15 degrees below seasonal averages throughout the day, with San Francisco and San José’s highs at 55 and 56 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chilly air blown in by Wednesday’s winds is more likely to drop snow on the North and South Bay’s mountains. Snow levels will descend to about 3,000 feet, according to the weather service, which includes Mount Diablo, Mount Hamilton, and some of the Santa Lucias’ highest peaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12029553 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/cleaner-1180x787.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably going to be what we call wetter snow, so not exactly like individual flakes, but dusting will be possible,” Murdock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chances will be short-lived, though, as rain peters out this evening before the next in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030575/bay-area-braces-for-rain-snow-potential-flooding\">a series of storms\u003c/a> this week moves in. Murdock said that that system, arriving overnight, will bring warmer air with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This next system is not going to be as cold, so we’re probably not looking at another chance for snow again in this part of the forecast,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heaviest rain on Friday will hit in the morning, and showers are expected throughout the day. Saturday looks fairly dry before a third storm is expected Sunday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That storm is shaping up to hit the North Bay hardest, but the rest of the Bay Area shouldn’t see rainfall totals greater than an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast into next week is still uncertain, but the first day of spring could be a wet one since the weather service said it’s picking up another potential storm late in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Northern California should see a break in rain by Thursday evening, but in the meantime, there will be a chance of some thunderstorms and snow as low as 3,000 feet. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area mountain tops could see snow on Thursday morning after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030924/bay-area-storms-bring-days-wind-rain-unsettled-weather\">cold front arrived in the region\u003c/a> overnight. While the powder dusting won’t reach San Francisco or San José, the wider Bay Area could be hit with hail and thunderstorms before a break in the rain late in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the rainfall from the storm that rolled through Wednesday has passed, according to the National Weather Service, but lingering moisture-rich clouds and low temperatures could create the perfect conditions for short, heavy downpours and thunderstorms throughout the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist at the weather service’s Bay Area office, said hail is likely to accompany any thunder, but the chance is slim — just about 15% across the region. The South and East Bay have the highest chances for pea-sized pellets of ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures across the region will be 8 to 15 degrees below seasonal averages throughout the day, with San Francisco and San José’s highs at 55 and 56 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chilly air blown in by Wednesday’s winds is more likely to drop snow on the North and South Bay’s mountains. Snow levels will descend to about 3,000 feet, according to the weather service, which includes Mount Diablo, Mount Hamilton, and some of the Santa Lucias’ highest peaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably going to be what we call wetter snow, so not exactly like individual flakes, but dusting will be possible,” Murdock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chances will be short-lived, though, as rain peters out this evening before the next in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030575/bay-area-braces-for-rain-snow-potential-flooding\">a series of storms\u003c/a> this week moves in. Murdock said that that system, arriving overnight, will bring warmer air with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This next system is not going to be as cold, so we’re probably not looking at another chance for snow again in this part of the forecast,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heaviest rain on Friday will hit in the morning, and showers are expected throughout the day. Saturday looks fairly dry before a third storm is expected Sunday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That storm is shaping up to hit the North Bay hardest, but the rest of the Bay Area shouldn’t see rainfall totals greater than an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast into next week is still uncertain, but the first day of spring could be a wet one since the weather service said it’s picking up another potential storm late in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you think of your car as a smartphone on wheels, it’s easy to grasp how the auto industry can sell and profit from personal data. Many newer vehicles constantly communicate with car makers, thanks to features like location sharing, smartphone integration, and cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are legally entitled to opt out of the sale and sharing of their personal data, but Honda was making that too difficult, according to the California Privacy Protection Agency, which was established in 2020 when voters approved the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844163/proposition-24-californians-say-yes-to-expanding-on-nations-toughest-data-privacy-law\">California Privacy Rights Act\u003c/a>. It’s the nation’s first and, so far, only state agency charged with protecting consumer data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the agency issued a $632,500 fine against American Honda Motor Company as part of the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2023/20230731.html\">first investigation\u003c/a> since it gained enforcement powers in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether that information comes from the car, whether it comes from the website, whether it comes from elsewhere, it is protectable, but only if people assert their rights,” said Michael Macko, the CPPA’s head of enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency alleges that Honda violated Californians’ privacy rights, in part, by requiring Californians to provide “excessive” personal information in order to opt out of the sale or sharing of data; and by sharing consumers’ personal information with ad tech companies without producing contracts that contain the necessary terms to protect privacy.[aside postID=news_11771923 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS38899_Bugcrowd-Bug-Bash-1-qut-1020x680.jpg']In a statement, American Honda Motor Co., Inc. acknowledged it has agreed to pay the fine and simplify its opt-out process. “We have cooperated fully with the CPPA throughout their investigation and have already begun implementing the changes to our processes required by the order,” spokesman Chris Martin wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the fine, Macko says the company’s promise to change its behavior is more important. “Businesses are usually more reluctant to change their practices than they are to write a check.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates welcomed the CPPA ruling. “My hope is that enforcement actions like this generally incentivize companies to take consumer privacy more seriously across their products and services,” wrote Meghan Land, Executive Director of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/general-motors-settles-with-ftc-over-sharing-private-driver-data\">Federal Trade Commission\u003c/a> and other states like \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/texas-ag-probing-connected-cars-data-and-privacy-practices\">Texas\u003c/a> have also investigated the sharing and sale of personal data from vehicles, including driving habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you think of your car as a smartphone on wheels, it’s easy to grasp how the auto industry can sell and profit from personal data. Many newer vehicles constantly communicate with car makers, thanks to features like location sharing, smartphone integration, and cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are legally entitled to opt out of the sale and sharing of their personal data, but Honda was making that too difficult, according to the California Privacy Protection Agency, which was established in 2020 when voters approved the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844163/proposition-24-californians-say-yes-to-expanding-on-nations-toughest-data-privacy-law\">California Privacy Rights Act\u003c/a>. It’s the nation’s first and, so far, only state agency charged with protecting consumer data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the agency issued a $632,500 fine against American Honda Motor Company as part of the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2023/20230731.html\">first investigation\u003c/a> since it gained enforcement powers in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a statement, American Honda Motor Co., Inc. acknowledged it has agreed to pay the fine and simplify its opt-out process. “We have cooperated fully with the CPPA throughout their investigation and have already begun implementing the changes to our processes required by the order,” spokesman Chris Martin wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the fine, Macko says the company’s promise to change its behavior is more important. “Businesses are usually more reluctant to change their practices than they are to write a check.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates welcomed the CPPA ruling. “My hope is that enforcement actions like this generally incentivize companies to take consumer privacy more seriously across their products and services,” wrote Meghan Land, Executive Director of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/general-motors-settles-with-ftc-over-sharing-private-driver-data\">Federal Trade Commission\u003c/a> and other states like \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/texas-ag-probing-connected-cars-data-and-privacy-practices\">Texas\u003c/a> have also investigated the sharing and sale of personal data from vehicles, including driving habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "californias-tough-on-crime-shift-hits-roadblock-who-will-pay-for-prop-36",
"title": "California’s Tough-on-Crime Shift Hits Roadblock: Who Will Pay for Proposition 36?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>[This column was reported for Political Breakdown, a bi-monthly newsletter offering analysis and context on Bay Area and California political news. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/political-breakdown\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>.]\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hate to say we told you so, but we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 36, I wrote a story \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012013/can-tough-on-crime-prop-36-solve-theft-drug-use-and-homelessness-despite-no-new-funding\">detailing the concerns of opponents\u003c/a> of the tough-on-crime measure who said its supporters were making a lot of promises — such as holding drug users accountable and providing them treatment — they didn’t have the money to back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even three months after the initiative took effect, there’s evidence on the ground that more resources are needed. San Francisco sheriff’s officials said last month that they reopened two dormitories at one of the city’s jails to accommodate an 8% increase in inmates compared to the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 1, Kunal Modi, San Francisco’s new chief of health, homelessness and family services, \u003ca href=\"http://x.com/kunalmodi/status/1895977354079715715\">wrote on X\u003c/a> that treatment capacity is one of the major challenges the city is facing as it rolls out a pilot program to improve conditions on Sixth Street in the South of Market neighborhood, one of the city’s most challenging areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What worked well: improved street conditions, cross-department collaboration, service placements and arrests,” Modi wrote. “What didn’t work as well: ran out of shelter/treatment bed capacity daily, struggled with journey home completions, displacement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a burgeoning debate in Sacramento about the best way to fund Proposition 36, which makes it easier for prosecutors to charge repeat drug users and alleged thieves with felonies while also offering the option of treatment.[aside postID=news_12012013 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241022-Prop36-07-BL_qed.jpg']The ballot measure is being \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article300956714.html\">implemented unevenly\u003c/a> in the state’s 58 counties, with some district attorneys filing dozens of felony cases in recent months while others have filed practically none at all. Still, at a recent hearing at the state Capitol, judicial officials told lawmakers that they expect tens of thousands of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/prop-36-funding-newsletter/\">new felony cases\u003c/a> this year — cases that will require not only jail beds or spots in treatment programs but also more court and probation resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of the reason Democratic Orange County state Sen. Tom Umberg \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB38\">authored legislation\u003c/a> that would open up existing state grant funding to the drug courts and probation programs envisioned under Proposition 36.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I know is that this must get funded. It’s something passed overwhelmingly by voters,” Umberg said, adding that the grant money is only “one part of the puzzle,” and lawmakers and Gov. Gavin Newsom also need to identify other funding sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This does not fulfill the Legislature’s obligation to fund Prop. 36. This is a step in funding it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that the grant funds Umberg wants to tap come from Proposition 47 — the ballot measure Proposition 36 targeted — and that funding pool will likely shrink in the years ahead.[aside postID=news_11986380 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/CEO-STORY-23-ZS-KQED-1.jpg']That’s because Proposition 47, which Proposition 36 amended, resulted in far fewer people going to prison and jail for drug and theft crimes. The measure redirected \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986380/prop-47-has-saved-california-millions-these-are-the-programs-its-funded\">money saved from incarcerating fewer people\u003c/a> to fund community programs like drug treatment. Now, with more people facing felonies under Proposition 36, the savings are expected to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Matthews, communications director for Californians for Safety and Justice, the nonprofit that wrote Proposition 47, said the funding battle highlights the central tension in the debate: People want less drug use and theft and for offenders to be held accountable, but the more the state spends on incarceration, the less money is available for treatment and rehabilitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It lays bare the truth, which is that the only way we are going to free up the necessary resources for treat-and-prevention infrastructure that this state has needed for generations is by reducing the size and scope of the prison system, by reducing the number of people flowing into the system,” he said. “We know what works, and we know what we need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with Proposition 36, voters threw their support behind letting prosecutors lock more people up if they refuse to get help. Voters did not, however, give state leaders a roadmap, which means there are going to be some tough conversations ahead in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "No money, more problems: California's rollout of Proposition 36, which makes it easier for prosecutors to charge repeat drug users and alleged thieves with felonies, poses challenges for local governments. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>[This column was reported for Political Breakdown, a bi-monthly newsletter offering analysis and context on Bay Area and California political news. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/political-breakdown\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>.]\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hate to say we told you so, but we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 36, I wrote a story \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012013/can-tough-on-crime-prop-36-solve-theft-drug-use-and-homelessness-despite-no-new-funding\">detailing the concerns of opponents\u003c/a> of the tough-on-crime measure who said its supporters were making a lot of promises — such as holding drug users accountable and providing them treatment — they didn’t have the money to back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even three months after the initiative took effect, there’s evidence on the ground that more resources are needed. San Francisco sheriff’s officials said last month that they reopened two dormitories at one of the city’s jails to accommodate an 8% increase in inmates compared to the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 1, Kunal Modi, San Francisco’s new chief of health, homelessness and family services, \u003ca href=\"http://x.com/kunalmodi/status/1895977354079715715\">wrote on X\u003c/a> that treatment capacity is one of the major challenges the city is facing as it rolls out a pilot program to improve conditions on Sixth Street in the South of Market neighborhood, one of the city’s most challenging areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What worked well: improved street conditions, cross-department collaboration, service placements and arrests,” Modi wrote. “What didn’t work as well: ran out of shelter/treatment bed capacity daily, struggled with journey home completions, displacement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a burgeoning debate in Sacramento about the best way to fund Proposition 36, which makes it easier for prosecutors to charge repeat drug users and alleged thieves with felonies while also offering the option of treatment.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The ballot measure is being \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article300956714.html\">implemented unevenly\u003c/a> in the state’s 58 counties, with some district attorneys filing dozens of felony cases in recent months while others have filed practically none at all. Still, at a recent hearing at the state Capitol, judicial officials told lawmakers that they expect tens of thousands of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/prop-36-funding-newsletter/\">new felony cases\u003c/a> this year — cases that will require not only jail beds or spots in treatment programs but also more court and probation resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s part of the reason Democratic Orange County state Sen. Tom Umberg \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB38\">authored legislation\u003c/a> that would open up existing state grant funding to the drug courts and probation programs envisioned under Proposition 36.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I know is that this must get funded. It’s something passed overwhelmingly by voters,” Umberg said, adding that the grant money is only “one part of the puzzle,” and lawmakers and Gov. Gavin Newsom also need to identify other funding sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This does not fulfill the Legislature’s obligation to fund Prop. 36. This is a step in funding it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that the grant funds Umberg wants to tap come from Proposition 47 — the ballot measure Proposition 36 targeted — and that funding pool will likely shrink in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s because Proposition 47, which Proposition 36 amended, resulted in far fewer people going to prison and jail for drug and theft crimes. The measure redirected \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986380/prop-47-has-saved-california-millions-these-are-the-programs-its-funded\">money saved from incarcerating fewer people\u003c/a> to fund community programs like drug treatment. Now, with more people facing felonies under Proposition 36, the savings are expected to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Matthews, communications director for Californians for Safety and Justice, the nonprofit that wrote Proposition 47, said the funding battle highlights the central tension in the debate: People want less drug use and theft and for offenders to be held accountable, but the more the state spends on incarceration, the less money is available for treatment and rehabilitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It lays bare the truth, which is that the only way we are going to free up the necessary resources for treat-and-prevention infrastructure that this state has needed for generations is by reducing the size and scope of the prison system, by reducing the number of people flowing into the system,” he said. “We know what works, and we know what we need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with Proposition 36, voters threw their support behind letting prosecutors lock more people up if they refuse to get help. Voters did not, however, give state leaders a roadmap, which means there are going to be some tough conversations ahead in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over a hundred students from at least two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/richmond\">Richmond\u003c/a> high schools walked out of class on Wednesday and marched to the school district’s office to protest millions of dollars in budget cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action came just a day after students at John F. Kennedy High School walked out, calling on the West Contra Costa Unified School District to halt $13 million in cuts over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, we’re fighting for the future,” Julissa Blandon, a senior at Kennedy High, told KQED. “I’m going to be leaving, and I’m going to see all my fellow lowerclassmen suffer. That just doesn’t stand with me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Contra Costa school board voted last month to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029232/west-contra-costa-compromises-on-eliminating-staff-but-student-services-could-face-cuts\">move forward with cuts\u003c/a> to over 150 positions as part of its multi-year plan to maintain local control of its finances. The vote saved eight positions but left the district in further fiscal uncertainty, requiring more than $1 million in alternative cuts, interim Superintendent Kim Moses said in a Feb. 27 statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031128\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12031026 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Richmond’s John F. Kennedy High School stage a walkout and rally in front of the West Contra Costa Unified School District offices to protest impending layoffs as part of cuts to the district’s budget in Richmond on March 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, students from Kennedy and Richmond High schools marched over two miles in the rain from Kennedy on Cutting Boulevard to district offices on Bissell Avenue, receiving honks of approval from passing cars and drawing residents out of their homes. Students and former Richmond City Councilmember Melvin Willis led chants while some held signs saying “Our Education Matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuts would be especially harmful to Kennedy, Blandon said. The school is over 90% students of color, and many have low income, according to state data. She said the cuts would eliminate almost 20 teachers from the school’s college and career pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union officials have also said the reductions, which have already resulted in $19 million being cut for this school year, are unnecessary and “a direct attack on our classrooms, our educators, and our students’ future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Richmond’s John F. Kennedy High School rally outside the West Contra Costa Unified School District offices in Richmond on March 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The United Teachers of Richmond, which represents educators throughout the district, said last month during a Richmond City Council \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2025/02/27/teachers-union-asks-richmond-to-look-at-wccusd-finances-richmond-honors-black-nine-officers/\">meeting\u003c/a> that WCCUSD was “stockpiling reserves” instead of funding schools. Moses said at a Feb. 5 meeting on UTR’s reserves comments that their numbers were “not an accuracy in our reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Wednesday statement, the district said it was aware of the walkout and respects students’ right to express themselves and issues they care about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, our top priority is ensuring their safety,” the statement said. “This walkout is not a school-sponsored event, and we have encouraged students to remain on campus, where we have provided safe spaces for discussion. We urge students to engage in peaceful and safe forms of expressions that do not put themselves or others at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over a hundred students from at least two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/richmond\">Richmond\u003c/a> high schools walked out of class on Wednesday and marched to the school district’s office to protest millions of dollars in budget cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action came just a day after students at John F. Kennedy High School walked out, calling on the West Contra Costa Unified School District to halt $13 million in cuts over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, we’re fighting for the future,” Julissa Blandon, a senior at Kennedy High, told KQED. “I’m going to be leaving, and I’m going to see all my fellow lowerclassmen suffer. That just doesn’t stand with me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Contra Costa school board voted last month to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029232/west-contra-costa-compromises-on-eliminating-staff-but-student-services-could-face-cuts\">move forward with cuts\u003c/a> to over 150 positions as part of its multi-year plan to maintain local control of its finances. The vote saved eight positions but left the district in further fiscal uncertainty, requiring more than $1 million in alternative cuts, interim Superintendent Kim Moses said in a Feb. 27 statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031128\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-13-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12031026 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-09-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Richmond’s John F. Kennedy High School stage a walkout and rally in front of the West Contra Costa Unified School District offices to protest impending layoffs as part of cuts to the district’s budget in Richmond on March 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, students from Kennedy and Richmond High schools marched over two miles in the rain from Kennedy on Cutting Boulevard to district offices on Bissell Avenue, receiving honks of approval from passing cars and drawing residents out of their homes. Students and former Richmond City Councilmember Melvin Willis led chants while some held signs saying “Our Education Matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuts would be especially harmful to Kennedy, Blandon said. The school is over 90% students of color, and many have low income, according to state data. She said the cuts would eliminate almost 20 teachers from the school’s college and career pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union officials have also said the reductions, which have already resulted in $19 million being cut for this school year, are unnecessary and “a direct attack on our classrooms, our educators, and our students’ future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12031023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12031023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/240312-RICHMOND-WALKOUT-MD-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Richmond’s John F. Kennedy High School rally outside the West Contra Costa Unified School District offices in Richmond on March 12, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The United Teachers of Richmond, which represents educators throughout the district, said last month during a Richmond City Council \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2025/02/27/teachers-union-asks-richmond-to-look-at-wccusd-finances-richmond-honors-black-nine-officers/\">meeting\u003c/a> that WCCUSD was “stockpiling reserves” instead of funding schools. Moses said at a Feb. 5 meeting on UTR’s reserves comments that their numbers were “not an accuracy in our reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Wednesday statement, the district said it was aware of the walkout and respects students’ right to express themselves and issues they care about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, our top priority is ensuring their safety,” the statement said. “This walkout is not a school-sponsored event, and we have encouraged students to remain on campus, where we have provided safe spaces for discussion. We urge students to engage in peaceful and safe forms of expressions that do not put themselves or others at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "police-corruption-trial-of-ex-antioch-officer-goes-to-jury-deliberations",
"title": "Police Corruption Trial of Ex-Antioch Officer Goes to Jury Deliberations",
"publishDate": 1741820369,
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"headTitle": "Police Corruption Trial of Ex-Antioch Officer Goes to Jury Deliberations | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030325/dog-bites-foam-bullets-and-fear-victims-testify-to-ex-antioch-officers-excessive-force\">federal trial of a former Antioch police officer\u003c/a> wrapped up closing arguments on Wednesday, capping off six days of testimony that, along with hundreds of text messages, prosecutors say prove he conspired to deprive residents of their rights by using excessive force for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case against Morteza Amiri stems from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958522/fbi-arrests-antioch-pittsburg-police-officers-following-indictments\">sweeping corruption scandal\u003c/a> implicating members of the Antioch and Pittsburg police departments that shook the Bay Area — and brought questions of police culture and complacency into the limelight — in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After closing arguments, the jury will now decide whether the evidence is enough to find that Amiri conspired to violate civil rights, used unreasonable force on three specific occasions, and falsified records on one of those occasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You saw proof beyond a reasonable doubt,” Assistant U.S. Attorney Eric Cheng said as he began the prosecution’s closing statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rested much of the case on the testimony of Amiri’s former colleague, Eric Rombough, who pleaded guilty to separate conspiracy charges earlier this year and became a key witness for the prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rombough told jurors that as he and Amiri became “the best of friends” on the job, their “proactive” policing style also took a “dark turn,” leading them to encourage each other’s use of excessive force — often aided by Amiri’s police K9, Purcy, and Rombough’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985781/antioch-police-targeted-black-people-with-dogs-and-40mm-launchers-suit-alleges\">40-millimeter impact round launcher\u003c/a>, which fires a hard foam projectile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This turn was in violation of the oaths that they swore as police officers and in violation of the law,” Cheng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029300/former-antioch-officers-face-trial-for-alleged-conspiracy-civil-rights-violations\">from February 2019 to March 2022\u003c/a>, Rombough, Amiri and former officer Devon Christopher Wenger “encouraged each other to hurt people in the community,” even when it wasn’t necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You heard Mr. Rombough’s testimony about this agreement,” Cheng continued. “When he was asked, ‘What was your agreement with Mr. Amiri and Mr. Wenger?’ His response was, ‘We were all on the same page that we didn’t feel the correct punishment was being issued, and we could dish out our own.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng also highlighted texts sent between former officers, including Amiri, Rombough and Wenger, the latter of whom faced charges in an associated case that ended in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029643/bay-area-police-conspiracy-trial-shaken-up-by-mistrial-for-1-of-2-former-officers\">a mistrial last week\u003c/a>. While Amiri’s defense has written off the vulgar messages as the “rough” way officers speak to each other in a stressful work environment, Rombough testified otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were serious. They were not a joke. They wanted to actually use force and hurt people, even if it wasn’t necessary,” Cheng said, summarizing Rombough’s statements on the stand. “They planned on it, they talked about it, and they even set it up.”[aside postID=news_12030325 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250303-ANTIOCHPOLICE-10-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']The messages are part of a larger trove that the FBI uncovered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11974853/judge-finds-8-antioch-police-officers-tainted-by-racial-bias-reduces-criminal-charges\">a 2023 investigation\u003c/a> into the Antioch and Pittsburg police departments that included racist memes and notes shared among officers and directed at Antioch’s Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some texts that prosecutors have read into the record throughout the trial discuss the incidents involving three men Amiri is accused of having deprived of their rights through excessive force, including Daniel Romo, who testified last week that Purcy bit him in a tent in a homeless encampment that he ran into after being chased by police in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked out the tent and game planned how to f— him up,” a message from Amiri to Wenger said. “Went back and did justice. Wish you were there. Inside a tent with no cams [body-worn cameras], you would have loved it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amiri said the dog “was hungry for human lol,” to which Wenger responded, “f— yes, f— that nerd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what f—ing happens when you run, you acquire a tax. His tax was paid properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng also reviewed similar message exchanges related to the other two people on whom Amiri is accused of using unreasonable force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The celebration of injuries and pain show the motivation and purpose behind these uses of force, not legitimate police purposes, but f—ing people up for the sake of inflicting injury,” Cheng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the prosecution rested, the defense spent the afternoon painting a starkly different picture of the hundreds of messages shared between Antioch officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Paul Goyette said that prosecutors were putting “cherry-picked messages” — pulled from many more sent in group chats with entire shift crews and others between two officers spanning 2019 to 2022 — under a microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the way the officers texted was a “coping mechanism” for dealing with seeing “the worst things humans can do to other humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette suggested that the high crime, enormous stress and desensitization officers faced contributed to an “us versus them” mentality among the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in law enforcement, especially in the city of Antioch, but it’s also in the military,” he said. “It could be firefighters and paramedics, surgeons and ER staff, construction and industrial workers, any stressful, dangerous job. … What you’re going to get is bravado, exaggeration, dark humor, gallows humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029523\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Castronovo, defense attorney for former Antioch police officer Devon Christopher Wenger, gives her opening statement in the federal trial against Wenger and another former Antioch officer at the U.S. District Courthouse in Oakland on March 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Vicki Behringer for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goyette told the jury that the text messages sent were not accurate, factual or an admission of excessive force — they were personal communications sent “in the heat of the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also took aim at the witnesses the prosecution leaned on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide that a witness has deliberately testified untruthfully about something important, you may choose not to believe anything that witness said,” Goyette told the jurors, targeting the testimony of Adrian Arroyo, who was bitten by Purcy in 2019 — a case that Amiri is accused of falsifying the police report about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, who Goyette said has a “long history of criminal activity … of drug use,” testified that federal investigators had given him puppy urine pads at one point ahead of the trial but that he had not asked for them specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one of the probably many things he asked for that the government provided to him,” Goyette said. “He lied to you about something like that, which you might look at and go … ‘It really doesn’t matter.’ Yes, it does because it’s a reward. It’s an incentive to come in here and testify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette also emphasized the three dog bite victims’ history of drug use. He alleged that Romo’s testimony was riddled with lies and accused the third witness, Mason Zeigler, of “role-playing with FBI this week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s called telling the witness what to say,” Goyette said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding the text messages, Goyette argued that while they were “not politically correct, [and] they certainly can be viewed as unprofessional,” they didn’t violate the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe officers need to be counseled, disciplined, maybe need to be fired … but whether you laugh or are offended by it, [they] are not a crime,” Goyette said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "After closing arguments, the jury in the federal trial of former Antioch police officer Morteza Amiri will decide whether the evidence is enough to find that Amiri conspired to violate civil rights, used unreasonable force on three specific occasions, and falsified records on one of those occasions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030325/dog-bites-foam-bullets-and-fear-victims-testify-to-ex-antioch-officers-excessive-force\">federal trial of a former Antioch police officer\u003c/a> wrapped up closing arguments on Wednesday, capping off six days of testimony that, along with hundreds of text messages, prosecutors say prove he conspired to deprive residents of their rights by using excessive force for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case against Morteza Amiri stems from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958522/fbi-arrests-antioch-pittsburg-police-officers-following-indictments\">sweeping corruption scandal\u003c/a> implicating members of the Antioch and Pittsburg police departments that shook the Bay Area — and brought questions of police culture and complacency into the limelight — in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After closing arguments, the jury will now decide whether the evidence is enough to find that Amiri conspired to violate civil rights, used unreasonable force on three specific occasions, and falsified records on one of those occasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You saw proof beyond a reasonable doubt,” Assistant U.S. Attorney Eric Cheng said as he began the prosecution’s closing statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He rested much of the case on the testimony of Amiri’s former colleague, Eric Rombough, who pleaded guilty to separate conspiracy charges earlier this year and became a key witness for the prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rombough told jurors that as he and Amiri became “the best of friends” on the job, their “proactive” policing style also took a “dark turn,” leading them to encourage each other’s use of excessive force — often aided by Amiri’s police K9, Purcy, and Rombough’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985781/antioch-police-targeted-black-people-with-dogs-and-40mm-launchers-suit-alleges\">40-millimeter impact round launcher\u003c/a>, which fires a hard foam projectile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This turn was in violation of the oaths that they swore as police officers and in violation of the law,” Cheng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029300/former-antioch-officers-face-trial-for-alleged-conspiracy-civil-rights-violations\">from February 2019 to March 2022\u003c/a>, Rombough, Amiri and former officer Devon Christopher Wenger “encouraged each other to hurt people in the community,” even when it wasn’t necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You heard Mr. Rombough’s testimony about this agreement,” Cheng continued. “When he was asked, ‘What was your agreement with Mr. Amiri and Mr. Wenger?’ His response was, ‘We were all on the same page that we didn’t feel the correct punishment was being issued, and we could dish out our own.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng also highlighted texts sent between former officers, including Amiri, Rombough and Wenger, the latter of whom faced charges in an associated case that ended in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029643/bay-area-police-conspiracy-trial-shaken-up-by-mistrial-for-1-of-2-former-officers\">a mistrial last week\u003c/a>. While Amiri’s defense has written off the vulgar messages as the “rough” way officers speak to each other in a stressful work environment, Rombough testified otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were serious. They were not a joke. They wanted to actually use force and hurt people, even if it wasn’t necessary,” Cheng said, summarizing Rombough’s statements on the stand. “They planned on it, they talked about it, and they even set it up.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The messages are part of a larger trove that the FBI uncovered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11974853/judge-finds-8-antioch-police-officers-tainted-by-racial-bias-reduces-criminal-charges\">a 2023 investigation\u003c/a> into the Antioch and Pittsburg police departments that included racist memes and notes shared among officers and directed at Antioch’s Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some texts that prosecutors have read into the record throughout the trial discuss the incidents involving three men Amiri is accused of having deprived of their rights through excessive force, including Daniel Romo, who testified last week that Purcy bit him in a tent in a homeless encampment that he ran into after being chased by police in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked out the tent and game planned how to f— him up,” a message from Amiri to Wenger said. “Went back and did justice. Wish you were there. Inside a tent with no cams [body-worn cameras], you would have loved it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amiri said the dog “was hungry for human lol,” to which Wenger responded, “f— yes, f— that nerd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what f—ing happens when you run, you acquire a tax. His tax was paid properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng also reviewed similar message exchanges related to the other two people on whom Amiri is accused of using unreasonable force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The celebration of injuries and pain show the motivation and purpose behind these uses of force, not legitimate police purposes, but f—ing people up for the sake of inflicting injury,” Cheng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the prosecution rested, the defense spent the afternoon painting a starkly different picture of the hundreds of messages shared between Antioch officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Paul Goyette said that prosecutors were putting “cherry-picked messages” — pulled from many more sent in group chats with entire shift crews and others between two officers spanning 2019 to 2022 — under a microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the way the officers texted was a “coping mechanism” for dealing with seeing “the worst things humans can do to other humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette suggested that the high crime, enormous stress and desensitization officers faced contributed to an “us versus them” mentality among the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in law enforcement, especially in the city of Antioch, but it’s also in the military,” he said. “It could be firefighters and paramedics, surgeons and ER staff, construction and industrial workers, any stressful, dangerous job. … What you’re going to get is bravado, exaggeration, dark humor, gallows humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029523\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/IMG_5881-KQED-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Castronovo, defense attorney for former Antioch police officer Devon Christopher Wenger, gives her opening statement in the federal trial against Wenger and another former Antioch officer at the U.S. District Courthouse in Oakland on March 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Vicki Behringer for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goyette told the jury that the text messages sent were not accurate, factual or an admission of excessive force — they were personal communications sent “in the heat of the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also took aim at the witnesses the prosecution leaned on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide that a witness has deliberately testified untruthfully about something important, you may choose not to believe anything that witness said,” Goyette told the jurors, targeting the testimony of Adrian Arroyo, who was bitten by Purcy in 2019 — a case that Amiri is accused of falsifying the police report about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, who Goyette said has a “long history of criminal activity … of drug use,” testified that federal investigators had given him puppy urine pads at one point ahead of the trial but that he had not asked for them specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one of the probably many things he asked for that the government provided to him,” Goyette said. “He lied to you about something like that, which you might look at and go … ‘It really doesn’t matter.’ Yes, it does because it’s a reward. It’s an incentive to come in here and testify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goyette also emphasized the three dog bite victims’ history of drug use. He alleged that Romo’s testimony was riddled with lies and accused the third witness, Mason Zeigler, of “role-playing with FBI this week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s called telling the witness what to say,” Goyette said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding the text messages, Goyette argued that while they were “not politically correct, [and] they certainly can be viewed as unprofessional,” they didn’t violate the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe officers need to be counseled, disciplined, maybe need to be fired … but whether you laugh or are offended by it, [they] are not a crime,” Goyette said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "another-bay-area-city-steps-up-its-sanctuary-policies-in-the-face-of-trumps-threats",
"title": "Another Bay Area City Steps Up Its Sanctuary Policies in the Face of Trump’s Threats",
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"headTitle": "Another Bay Area City Steps Up Its Sanctuary Policies in the Face of Trump’s Threats | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The East Bay’s city of Richmond is strengthening its sanctuary city status after a unanimous City Council vote on Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council approved a proposal that bars the use of city personnel and resources in assisting federal immigration enforcement officers or asking individuals about their citizenship status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, submitted by the City Attorney’s office, follows a string of the city’s immigrant protection laws that were deemed no longer sufficient to protect Richmond’s immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal also suggested banning city personnel from aiding federal immigration enforcement to “gather or disseminate information regarding [the] release status of individuals or any other such personal information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their meeting, the council raised the point that they were already closely following the practices outlined in the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Kimberly Chen, Senior Assistant at the City Attorney’s office, said codifying the practices was crucial to have better protections and precedent in the instance that the Trump administration took retaliatory action against the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City and County of San Francisco vs. Trump case did hold that the president exceeded his authority and violated the separation of powers when directing administrative agencies to withhold funding from jurisdictions that adopted sanctuary policies,” Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although supportive of the proposal, Councilmember Jamelia Brown raised concerns about the approximately $62.3 million in federal funding that the city of Richmond receives and the possibility of the Trump administration withholding them in retaliation.[aside postID=news_12028147 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-BrianJonesPB-21-BL-1020x680.jpg']“We are standing with the undocumented community, but if we are putting critical funding at risk, then we’re leaving out another group of individuals who we serve daily,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of citizens attended to voice their opinions, with the majority largely in favor of the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California pays more in taxes to the federal government than it receives from the federal government,” said Elsa Stevens, a citizen who took the stand. “So if we are to be punished for being kind to new people, then maybe we should withhold funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one citizen was not in favor — he began to berate the council, the Richmond police chief, and those who showed up in support of the proposal until he was gently escorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the vote, the council moved to amend the ordinance with more data protection items, per their legal team’s review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fear is real,” Brown said, but I also want to acknowledge that fear can be exploited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Richmond joined several California cities in strengthening its sanctuary city ordinances to limit involvement with federal immigration enforcement.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The East Bay’s city of Richmond is strengthening its sanctuary city status after a unanimous City Council vote on Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council approved a proposal that bars the use of city personnel and resources in assisting federal immigration enforcement officers or asking individuals about their citizenship status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, submitted by the City Attorney’s office, follows a string of the city’s immigrant protection laws that were deemed no longer sufficient to protect Richmond’s immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal also suggested banning city personnel from aiding federal immigration enforcement to “gather or disseminate information regarding [the] release status of individuals or any other such personal information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their meeting, the council raised the point that they were already closely following the practices outlined in the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Kimberly Chen, Senior Assistant at the City Attorney’s office, said codifying the practices was crucial to have better protections and precedent in the instance that the Trump administration took retaliatory action against the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City and County of San Francisco vs. Trump case did hold that the president exceeded his authority and violated the separation of powers when directing administrative agencies to withhold funding from jurisdictions that adopted sanctuary policies,” Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although supportive of the proposal, Councilmember Jamelia Brown raised concerns about the approximately $62.3 million in federal funding that the city of Richmond receives and the possibility of the Trump administration withholding them in retaliation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are standing with the undocumented community, but if we are putting critical funding at risk, then we’re leaving out another group of individuals who we serve daily,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of citizens attended to voice their opinions, with the majority largely in favor of the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California pays more in taxes to the federal government than it receives from the federal government,” said Elsa Stevens, a citizen who took the stand. “So if we are to be punished for being kind to new people, then maybe we should withhold funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one citizen was not in favor — he began to berate the council, the Richmond police chief, and those who showed up in support of the proposal until he was gently escorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the vote, the council moved to amend the ordinance with more data protection items, per their legal team’s review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fear is real,” Brown said, but I also want to acknowledge that fear can be exploited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bruno leaders have finalized an agreement for Comcast to purchase the city’s cable and internet service, marking the first time the telecommunication giant has acquired a municipally owned broadband provider in California, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owned and operated by San Bruno since 1971, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanbruno.ca.gov/160/CityNet-Services\">CityNet\u003c/a> serves about 6,000 residents, and is one of just a handful of remaining \u003ca href=\"https://broadbandnow.com/municipal-providers\">city-owned telecom services\u003c/a> in California. But in recent years, it has lacked funds needed for major infrastructure upgrades and fallen behind its larger competitors while also racking up a debt of about $21.5 million amid surging operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rates simply were not keeping pace with costs,” the city manager’s office wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://sanbruno.ca.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_01282025-2273\">January report\u003c/a> to the City Council. “CityNet has grown increasingly technologically obsolete over the past decade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s deal was inked just over a month after City Council members voted unanimously to \u003ca href=\"https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/local/san-bruno-sells-cable-service/article_0139ea3c-e20c-11ef-a02a-2b2e9558d86c.html\">sell CityNet Services to Comcast \u003c/a>for $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The landscape of modern digital media is not something that a small city like San Bruno can compete in anymore,” said Councilmember Tom Hamilton, a lifelong San Bruno resident who was all of 3 years old when CityNet first launched as a cable provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, it was cutting edge. And it was a really great amenity to have for our residents because we had complete control over it, and we weren’t subject to lots of rate increases,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was the envy of my friends who lived in Millbrae and Burlingame because we had cable,” Hamilton added. “We had 13 channels with no fuzz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1995529 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/02/20250127_CSUMB-Electricity_DB_00471_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the advent of thousands of cable channels and high-speed broadband, the service became increasingly expensive for the city to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bruno had already recently paid for the installation of fiber-optic service in nearly 20% of the city — primarily in multi-family complexes. However, it would have cost roughly $20 million more to complete the citywide upgrade, which the council declined to approve in 2023. Last year, the council unanimously decided to ask the city manager to begin exploring the sale of CityNet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This outcome was inevitable,” Hamilton said. “I wish it had happened sooner before it had accrued so much debt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted that all San Bruno residents subsidize CityNet through their tax dollars, even though only about 40% of households are customers of the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the agreement, Comcast has promised it will not increase rates for at least 12 months as it begins converting the infrastructure across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comcast, the only company to respond to the city’s request for proposals, initially offered $7 million but agreed to $8 million if certain conditions were met, including the retention of at least 5,400 CityNet customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comcast has faced its fair share of complaints over the years from customers claiming the multibillion-dollar conglomerate charged them bogus, deceptive fees. That includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/comcast-class-action-not/\">2016 class-action lawsuit in California\u003c/a>, in which plaintiffs alleged they were charged $10 extra per month in “broadcast TV” and “regional sports” fees that the company disguised as government-imposed taxes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a six-month transition period after the sale has closed, San Bruno will continue operating CityNet while Comcast begins upgrades and starts transitioning customers to its service, City Manager Alex McIntyre told council members at last month’s meeting. For most customers, he said, the process is expected to be fairly seamless and will likely be completed by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like selling a car where they hand over the keys,” McIntyre said. “It’s a marriage of our technology into their technology. It’s more like handing off the airplane midflight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city manager’s team said it is working on a plan to transition CityNet’s 19 employees into other city departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Bruno Mayor Rico E. Medina said that the evolving demands of maintaining and upgrading the network underscored the need for a partner with more resources and expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This transition will ensure that our residents and businesses continue to have access to top-tier broadband services today and well into the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Hamilton, the sale is somewhat bittersweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a point of pride to be able to say that we have our own municipal cable enterprise,” he said. “We were one of the first in the nation to have one, and now we’re one of the last in the nation to give it up because the sun has set on cities being able to do this effectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said he has no reservations about the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m very hopeful that this is going to be a great solution for San Bruno,” he said. “The old solution wasn’t working. The time had come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bruno leaders have finalized an agreement for Comcast to purchase the city’s cable and internet service, marking the first time the telecommunication giant has acquired a municipally owned broadband provider in California, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owned and operated by San Bruno since 1971, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanbruno.ca.gov/160/CityNet-Services\">CityNet\u003c/a> serves about 6,000 residents, and is one of just a handful of remaining \u003ca href=\"https://broadbandnow.com/municipal-providers\">city-owned telecom services\u003c/a> in California. But in recent years, it has lacked funds needed for major infrastructure upgrades and fallen behind its larger competitors while also racking up a debt of about $21.5 million amid surging operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rates simply were not keeping pace with costs,” the city manager’s office wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://sanbruno.ca.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_01282025-2273\">January report\u003c/a> to the City Council. “CityNet has grown increasingly technologically obsolete over the past decade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s deal was inked just over a month after City Council members voted unanimously to \u003ca href=\"https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/local/san-bruno-sells-cable-service/article_0139ea3c-e20c-11ef-a02a-2b2e9558d86c.html\">sell CityNet Services to Comcast \u003c/a>for $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The landscape of modern digital media is not something that a small city like San Bruno can compete in anymore,” said Councilmember Tom Hamilton, a lifelong San Bruno resident who was all of 3 years old when CityNet first launched as a cable provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, it was cutting edge. And it was a really great amenity to have for our residents because we had complete control over it, and we weren’t subject to lots of rate increases,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was the envy of my friends who lived in Millbrae and Burlingame because we had cable,” Hamilton added. “We had 13 channels with no fuzz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the advent of thousands of cable channels and high-speed broadband, the service became increasingly expensive for the city to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bruno had already recently paid for the installation of fiber-optic service in nearly 20% of the city — primarily in multi-family complexes. However, it would have cost roughly $20 million more to complete the citywide upgrade, which the council declined to approve in 2023. Last year, the council unanimously decided to ask the city manager to begin exploring the sale of CityNet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This outcome was inevitable,” Hamilton said. “I wish it had happened sooner before it had accrued so much debt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted that all San Bruno residents subsidize CityNet through their tax dollars, even though only about 40% of households are customers of the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the agreement, Comcast has promised it will not increase rates for at least 12 months as it begins converting the infrastructure across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comcast, the only company to respond to the city’s request for proposals, initially offered $7 million but agreed to $8 million if certain conditions were met, including the retention of at least 5,400 CityNet customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comcast has faced its fair share of complaints over the years from customers claiming the multibillion-dollar conglomerate charged them bogus, deceptive fees. That includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/comcast-class-action-not/\">2016 class-action lawsuit in California\u003c/a>, in which plaintiffs alleged they were charged $10 extra per month in “broadcast TV” and “regional sports” fees that the company disguised as government-imposed taxes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a six-month transition period after the sale has closed, San Bruno will continue operating CityNet while Comcast begins upgrades and starts transitioning customers to its service, City Manager Alex McIntyre told council members at last month’s meeting. For most customers, he said, the process is expected to be fairly seamless and will likely be completed by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like selling a car where they hand over the keys,” McIntyre said. “It’s a marriage of our technology into their technology. It’s more like handing off the airplane midflight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city manager’s team said it is working on a plan to transition CityNet’s 19 employees into other city departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Bruno Mayor Rico E. Medina said that the evolving demands of maintaining and upgrading the network underscored the need for a partner with more resources and expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This transition will ensure that our residents and businesses continue to have access to top-tier broadband services today and well into the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Hamilton, the sale is somewhat bittersweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a point of pride to be able to say that we have our own municipal cable enterprise,” he said. “We were one of the first in the nation to have one, and now we’re one of the last in the nation to give it up because the sun has set on cities being able to do this effectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said he has no reservations about the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m very hopeful that this is going to be a great solution for San Bruno,” he said. “The old solution wasn’t working. The time had come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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