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"content": "\u003cp>In a move that shakes up more than a century of tradition, the Boy Scouts of America announced Wednesday that starting next year, it will welcome girls into some Scouting programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BSA said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scoutingnewsroom.org/press-releases/bsa-expands-programs-welcome-girls-cub-scouts-highest-rank-eagle-scout/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on its site that girls can join its \u003ca href=\"http://www.scouting.org/Home/CubScouts/CubScouts/BeingACubScout/WhatIsCubScouting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cub Scouts\u003c/a> program starting in 2018. It will be up to existing packs to decide whether they will remain all-boys, go co-ed or create all-girl divisions. Cub Scout dens, which are smaller units of six to eight kids within packs, will remain single-gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for older girls, the organization says it will announce a program next year that will enable them to earn the highest rank of Eagle Scout. It hopes to have the program in place in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This unique approach allows the organization to maintain the integrity of the single gender model while also meeting the needs of today's families,\" BSA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision comes after years of requests from families, the organization said. \"Most are dual-earners and there are more single-parent households than ever before, making convenient programs that serve the whole family more appealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It added that the move is also geared toward Hispanic and Asian communities, which are \"currently underserved\" and \"prefer to participate in activities as a family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boy Scouts serves more than 2 million young people, according to last year's \u003ca href=\"http://www.scouting.org/filestore/annualreport/2016/2016_AnnualReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a>. The organization has moved to become more inclusive, after years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-boyscouts/boy-scout-membership-falls-again-in-2014-idUSKBN0KQ05O20150117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declining\u003c/a> membership — announcing in 2013 that it would admit openly gay youths and ending a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/27/426900665/boy-scouts-of-america-end-blanket-ban-on-gay-leaders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blanket ban\u003c/a> on gay leaders in 2015. Earlier this year, the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/31/512541372/boy-scouts-will-admit-transgender-boys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> it would admit transgender boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As The Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/24/545823610/boy-scouts-exploring-co-ed-programming-provokes-girl-scout-ire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> in August, the Boy Scouts had for months been \"exploring the benefits of bringing Scouting to every member of the family — boys and girls,\" according to spokeswoman Effie Delimarkos. That didn't sit well with the Girl Scouts of the USA, whose leadership accused the Boy Scouts of running a \"covert campaign to recruit girls.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing letter published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/tasneemnashrulla/girl-scouts-letter-to-boy-scouts?utm_term=.gnElYrNBpQ#.mfL5dDmZ2B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> at the time, Girl Scouts National Board President Kathy Hopinkah Hannan called the Boy Scouts' plan unsettling and said it would only serve to undercut the Girl Scouts. She added that a co-ed model goes against \"research supporting single gender programming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Girl Scouts did not immediately respond to a request for comment following the Boy Scouts' decision Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boy Scouts already has certain \u003ca href=\"http://www.scoutingnewsroom.org/about-the-bsa/fact-sheets/overview-of-boy-scouts-of-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-ed programs\u003c/a> in place, including Venturers and Sea Scouts, both billed as character-building programs, and Exploring, which focuses on career building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement about welcoming girls came on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/girlchild/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Day of the Girl\u003c/a>, which the U.N. says, \"aims to highlight and address the needs and challenges girls face, while promoting girls' empowerment and the fulfillment of their human rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Major+Shift%2C+Boy+Scouts+Says+It+Will+Begin+Allowing+Girls+To+Join&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a move that shakes up more than a century of tradition, the Boy Scouts of America announced Wednesday that starting next year, it will welcome girls into some Scouting programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BSA said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scoutingnewsroom.org/press-releases/bsa-expands-programs-welcome-girls-cub-scouts-highest-rank-eagle-scout/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on its site that girls can join its \u003ca href=\"http://www.scouting.org/Home/CubScouts/CubScouts/BeingACubScout/WhatIsCubScouting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cub Scouts\u003c/a> program starting in 2018. It will be up to existing packs to decide whether they will remain all-boys, go co-ed or create all-girl divisions. Cub Scout dens, which are smaller units of six to eight kids within packs, will remain single-gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for older girls, the organization says it will announce a program next year that will enable them to earn the highest rank of Eagle Scout. It hopes to have the program in place in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This unique approach allows the organization to maintain the integrity of the single gender model while also meeting the needs of today's families,\" BSA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision comes after years of requests from families, the organization said. \"Most are dual-earners and there are more single-parent households than ever before, making convenient programs that serve the whole family more appealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It added that the move is also geared toward Hispanic and Asian communities, which are \"currently underserved\" and \"prefer to participate in activities as a family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boy Scouts serves more than 2 million young people, according to last year's \u003ca href=\"http://www.scouting.org/filestore/annualreport/2016/2016_AnnualReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a>. The organization has moved to become more inclusive, after years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-boyscouts/boy-scout-membership-falls-again-in-2014-idUSKBN0KQ05O20150117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declining\u003c/a> membership — announcing in 2013 that it would admit openly gay youths and ending a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/27/426900665/boy-scouts-of-america-end-blanket-ban-on-gay-leaders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blanket ban\u003c/a> on gay leaders in 2015. Earlier this year, the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/31/512541372/boy-scouts-will-admit-transgender-boys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> it would admit transgender boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As The Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/24/545823610/boy-scouts-exploring-co-ed-programming-provokes-girl-scout-ire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> in August, the Boy Scouts had for months been \"exploring the benefits of bringing Scouting to every member of the family — boys and girls,\" according to spokeswoman Effie Delimarkos. That didn't sit well with the Girl Scouts of the USA, whose leadership accused the Boy Scouts of running a \"covert campaign to recruit girls.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing letter published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/tasneemnashrulla/girl-scouts-letter-to-boy-scouts?utm_term=.gnElYrNBpQ#.mfL5dDmZ2B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> at the time, Girl Scouts National Board President Kathy Hopinkah Hannan called the Boy Scouts' plan unsettling and said it would only serve to undercut the Girl Scouts. She added that a co-ed model goes against \"research supporting single gender programming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Girl Scouts did not immediately respond to a request for comment following the Boy Scouts' decision Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boy Scouts already has certain \u003ca href=\"http://www.scoutingnewsroom.org/about-the-bsa/fact-sheets/overview-of-boy-scouts-of-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-ed programs\u003c/a> in place, including Venturers and Sea Scouts, both billed as character-building programs, and Exploring, which focuses on career building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement about welcoming girls came on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/girlchild/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Day of the Girl\u003c/a>, which the U.N. says, \"aims to highlight and address the needs and challenges girls face, while promoting girls' empowerment and the fulfillment of their human rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Major+Shift%2C+Boy+Scouts+Says+It+Will+Begin+Allowing+Girls+To+Join&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, Oct. 14, 2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day, the holiday that celebrates Native American culture and its people, celebrated its 27th anniversary in Berkeley on Saturday. It's also the holiday that began as a Bay Area counterprotest to Columbus Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it happened: In the 1980s, then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan created the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission. Its job was to come up with a grand celebration to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was for replicas of Columbus’ three ships to sail along the East Coast and then over to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to go into the Panama Canal, and sail into the San Francisco Bay as part of this national hoopla,” says John Curl, Berkeley resident and one of the organizers of the first Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Native_NewsNet/status/1183550447015092225\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curl says this idea of having the Bay Area as the centerpiece of Columbus Day celebrations did not sit well with him and a lot of native people. So they formed a group to counterprotest the jubilee. They called themselves Resistance 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is a pretty progressive place and we did not want to be the center of a national celebration of imperialism and colonialism and genocide,” Curl says. “We tried to turn it into something different, something positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/berkeleyside/status/1176668726197796864\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what they did. In 1992, just weeks before the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ arrival, Curl and other native leaders convinced Berkeley's City Council to get rid of Columbus Day and instead celebrate Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group asked the city to change Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples' Day in 1992, then-Mayor Loni Hancock said it was the first time she understood the negative impact of this holiday on Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to think about what is this holiday about and who discovered America and how really profoundly disrespectful it was to say that a European explorer who never actually set foot on the continent did that,\" Hancock \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/morning-edition/npr-story/769083847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently\u003c/a> told NPR's Morning Edition. \"Discounting the Indigenous people who had lived here for centuries with very sophisticated cultures and pretty much in harmony with the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/csmlibrarian/status/1183822292050173952\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly the hundreds and thousands of Italian immigrants who came over in steerage class on the boats at the turn of the 19th century endured a lot of hardships to get here,\" she added. \"But the discovery of America is something where you want to get your history right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 12, 1992, Berkeley became the first official city in the U.S. to celebrate the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, 25 years later, several other cities have followed suit, including Seattle, Austin and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we did was plant the seeds for this, and we’ve just tended to it for over 20 years,” Curl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re wondering what happened to the grand Columbus Day celebration that was planned to end in San Francisco Bay, that ship never sailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley celebrated its 27th annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipdpowwow.org/\">Indigenous Peoples Day Pow Wow\u003c/a> on Saturday, Oct. 12.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, Oct. 14, 2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day, the holiday that celebrates Native American culture and its people, celebrated its 27th anniversary in Berkeley on Saturday. It's also the holiday that began as a Bay Area counterprotest to Columbus Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it happened: In the 1980s, then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan created the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission. Its job was to come up with a grand celebration to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was for replicas of Columbus’ three ships to sail along the East Coast and then over to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to go into the Panama Canal, and sail into the San Francisco Bay as part of this national hoopla,” says John Curl, Berkeley resident and one of the organizers of the first Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what they did. In 1992, just weeks before the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ arrival, Curl and other native leaders convinced Berkeley's City Council to get rid of Columbus Day and instead celebrate Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group asked the city to change Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples' Day in 1992, then-Mayor Loni Hancock said it was the first time she understood the negative impact of this holiday on Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to think about what is this holiday about and who discovered America and how really profoundly disrespectful it was to say that a European explorer who never actually set foot on the continent did that,\" Hancock \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/morning-edition/npr-story/769083847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently\u003c/a> told NPR's Morning Edition. \"Discounting the Indigenous people who had lived here for centuries with very sophisticated cultures and pretty much in harmony with the earth.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly the hundreds and thousands of Italian immigrants who came over in steerage class on the boats at the turn of the 19th century endured a lot of hardships to get here,\" she added. \"But the discovery of America is something where you want to get your history right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 12, 1992, Berkeley became the first official city in the U.S. to celebrate the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, 25 years later, several other cities have followed suit, including Seattle, Austin and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we did was plant the seeds for this, and we’ve just tended to it for over 20 years,” Curl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re wondering what happened to the grand Columbus Day celebration that was planned to end in San Francisco Bay, that ship never sailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley celebrated its 27th annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipdpowwow.org/\">Indigenous Peoples Day Pow Wow\u003c/a> on Saturday, Oct. 12.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Children and parents lined the sidewalks of DeFremery Park in West Oakland this weekend to catch a glimpse of something that’s not an everyday sight: black cowboys prancing on their horses down the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the 43rd annual Oakland Black Cowboy Parade and Festival, hosted by the Oakland Black Cowboy Association (OBCA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the event is in its fourth decade, not many know that up to one in four cowboys who helped settle the Wild West was black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilbert McAlister is the current president of the association. He believes it's because that part of history isn’t in textbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, after slavery, they [black cowboys] started bringing cattle out towards the West,” he said. “They had cowboys that knew how to ride and we were good at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the tradition of black cowboys is being carried on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Smith is a 10-year-old from San Leandro. He’s an aspiring cowboy. “I’ve been wanting to ride horses since I was a little baby,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad finally let him when he was around 7 years old. So he connected with Sam Styles, an older cowboy and member of the OBCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just a few months ago, his dad bought him his first horse, Whiskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik was excited to ride his horse in the parade with around 20 other cowboys. They all rode gallantly through the streets of West Oakland, trotted in unison together and danced with their horses. The crowd cheered and clapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the opportunity to have black cowboys is important to Erik. He wants to become a member of the Oakland Black Cowboy Association when he gets a little older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there wasn’t black cowboys, things wouldn’t be the same,\" he said. \"We wouldn’t have parades or things like this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the tradition of black cowboys is being carried on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Smith is a 10-year-old from San Leandro. He’s an aspiring cowboy. “I’ve been wanting to ride horses since I was a little baby,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad finally let him when he was around 7 years old. So he connected with Sam Styles, an older cowboy and member of the OBCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just a few months ago, his dad bought him his first horse, Whiskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik was excited to ride his horse in the parade with around 20 other cowboys. They all rode gallantly through the streets of West Oakland, trotted in unison together and danced with their horses. The crowd cheered and clapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the opportunity to have black cowboys is important to Erik. He wants to become a member of the Oakland Black Cowboy Association when he gets a little older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there wasn’t black cowboys, things wouldn’t be the same,\" he said. \"We wouldn’t have parades or things like this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Las Vegas Shooting Update\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been five days since the horrific mass shooting in Las Vegas that left at least 58 people dead and more than 500 injured. We get an update from Nevada Public Radio’s Joe Schoenmann on the investigation into shooter Stephen Paddock’s motives and how families, friends and the Las Vegas community are working to pick up the pieces.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Gun Control Debate\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the wake of the worst mass shooting in modern U.S. history, renewed calls for stricter gun laws are reigniting a national debate. We look at California’s track record of gun control and whether increased regulation can be effective in preventing incidents like the tragedy in Las Vegas. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allison Anderman, Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, managing attorney\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lois Beckett, The Guardian senior reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>U.S. Supreme Court Fall Term\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Supreme Court’s docket this fall includes a number of cases with significance for California. UC Hastings law professor Rory Little offers analysis on several cases with potentially lasting impact on immigration, data privacy and First Amendment rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Museum of Ice Cream\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhinestone-studded popsicles, a pool filled with a million sprinkles and an ice cream “flavor of the week” are all part of the experience at the new Museum of Ice Cream. KQED’s Sheraz Sadiq gets a rare tour from co-founder Madison Utendahl. Located at 1 Grant Avenue in San Francisco, the museum opened its doors in September 2017 and will run through February 2018.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The annual \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fleet Week\u003c/a> celebration is here. More than 1 million people are expected to flock to San Francisco this weekend to see Navy ships and the aerial spectacle of stunt pilots, parachutists and jets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday and Sunday, the air shows will run from noon to 4 p.m., with the Navy’s Blue Angels making their grand entrance at 3 p.m. The show will be visible all along the waterfront from the Ferry Building to the Golden Gate Bridge. (See a list of Fleet Week events happening this weekend \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org/events/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, \u003ca href=\"http://www.hardlystrictlybluegrass.com/2017/\">the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival\u003c/a> will be drawing its own crowds to Golden Gate Park, making getting around the city this weekend tough. To prepare for the numbers, transit agencies are ramping up ferry, bus, BART and Caltrain services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Bay Ferry\u003c/strong> will \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscobayferry.com/fleet-week-weekend-schedules-october-7-and-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operate expanded schedules from Alameda, Oakland and Vallejo\u003c/a> to the San Francisco Ferry Building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Caltrain\u003c/strong> will \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltrain.com/about/MediaRelations/news/Make_Caltrain_Part_of_Your_Trip_to_Fleet_Week_in_San_Francisco.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase its services before and after the events on Saturday and Sunday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BART\u003c/strong> will also reportedly run \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/10/06/your-transit-guide-for-navigating-fleet-week-hardly-strictly-by-boat-train-bus-or-bicycle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expanded train services and “special event” trains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003cstrong>Muni\u003c/strong> will provide \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/calendar/alerts/fleet-week-service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extra services to the North Beach, Russian Hill and Treasure Island neighborhoods, starting Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do plan on driving, keep in mind that Jefferson Street between Hyde Street and the westerly terminus will be closed from 6 a.m. on Friday until 6 p.m. on Sunday, meaning public transit might be a wise choice.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The annual \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fleet Week\u003c/a> celebration is here. More than 1 million people are expected to flock to San Francisco this weekend to see Navy ships and the aerial spectacle of stunt pilots, parachutists and jets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday and Sunday, the air shows will run from noon to 4 p.m., with the Navy’s Blue Angels making their grand entrance at 3 p.m. The show will be visible all along the waterfront from the Ferry Building to the Golden Gate Bridge. (See a list of Fleet Week events happening this weekend \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org/events/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, \u003ca href=\"http://www.hardlystrictlybluegrass.com/2017/\">the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival\u003c/a> will be drawing its own crowds to Golden Gate Park, making getting around the city this weekend tough. To prepare for the numbers, transit agencies are ramping up ferry, bus, BART and Caltrain services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Bay Ferry\u003c/strong> will \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscobayferry.com/fleet-week-weekend-schedules-october-7-and-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operate expanded schedules from Alameda, Oakland and Vallejo\u003c/a> to the San Francisco Ferry Building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Caltrain\u003c/strong> will \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltrain.com/about/MediaRelations/news/Make_Caltrain_Part_of_Your_Trip_to_Fleet_Week_in_San_Francisco.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase its services before and after the events on Saturday and Sunday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally published on Sept. 13, 2017. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, just when you’re about to leave, you see the past in a new way. For My-Linh Le, she was about to fly to Europe when she thought of her mom. Le is 30, about the same age her mom was when she got on a boat to leave Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no food and no water and people were dying left and right,” Le remembers her mom telling her. “And every time somebody died, they were just thrown overboard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le wasn’t born yet. Her mom was divorced and had two young daughters at the time, but only one of them got on the boat with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The older one was kicking and screaming and it was a risky thing because you know, she’s sneaking off into a boat,” Le says. Her mom was forced to leave her daughter behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like these trickled out during Le’s childhood in San José. It was always hush-hush. So Le doesn’t remember that much. What she remembers about her parents is how angry they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11616324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web-banners-1180x177-e1505162432907.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"301\" height=\"301\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le remembers one day when she was 6. She was in first grade and she forgot her backpack at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And no one could understand why I was so worried about that. But when I got home, my mom found out and she just lost her mind,” Le says. “We had this plastic Fisher-Price table. She kicked that thing across the room and hit the wall so hard it terrified me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le says it was like this all the time. She forgot her books when they went to the library, and her mom started screaming. When her sister messed up a sauce for dinner, her dad threw a dish at the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I just didn’t even know what I was dealing with,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came to dread every day. And it also took her hours to fall asleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having that kind of anxiety about what mistakes I might make the next day, it would keep me up at night,” she says. “I think that’s where my anxieties over making mistakes started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid, Le figured, her family was just like all the other Vietnamese families in the community. She assumed everybody’s parents wanted their kids to be serious about school and remember their backpacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The belief is a cultural piece. But the reaction is influenced by trauma,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cibhs.org/board-member/clayton-chau-md-phd\">Dr. Clayton Chau\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at St. Joseph Hoag Health in Irvine. “So parents without trauma would sit the child down and say, ‘Hey, what happened? How can we ensure that you have your backpack, and the importance of having your backpack?’ Versus, if she was traumatized then immediately she would just explode, with no control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chau says he sees this with a lot of Vietnamese families who suffered terrible losses during or after the war. If parents don’t resolve the trauma they experienced, their kids can inherit it. It’s partly \u003ca href=\"https://doctorsonly.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/08_Epigenetic-Transmission.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic (PDF)\u003c/a> — trauma can\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410355\"> alter genes\u003c/a>, which get passed down to the next generation. And it’s partly behavior, usually unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children who grow up in that environment develop a lot of anxiety and are very unsure of themselves,” Chau says. “Because if parents who are supposed to love you react that way, how can you have any prediction for strangers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uWTGmG8Mm9ZgNxCUmf2o3ErI3cC1sQTy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomenon is called the \u003ca href=\"https://traumaandhealing.stanford.edu/readinglist\">intergenerational transfer of trauma \u003c/a>and was first recognized in the 1960s in the children of Holocaust survivors. It has since been identified in lots of groups, including kids of Cambodian and Vietnamese refugees. But while the Jewish mode of managing trauma is commemoration and remembering, in some Buddhist cultures people cope by letting go of things that can’t be changed or focusing on the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For My-Linh Le’s family, the kids were the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was in high school, my parents decided for me that I was going to be a pharmacist,” Le remembers. “I was given no say in this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Le got older, her parents became more controlling. Because they had lost so much, they were obsessed with her safety. Le says they would listen in on all her phone conversations, and wouldn’t let her walk anywhere. She never learned how to ride the bus, because her parents insisted on hiring drivers to take her to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even my friends and my friends’ parents felt bad for me,” she says. “They would actually lie to my parents for me sometimes so that I could go to the movies or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le got really good at suppressing her own anger and frustration, so she wouldn’t set her parents off. But now, as an adult, she’s started to notice little ways that this family habit is catching up with her. She was on the phone with her boyfriend recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And he didn’t do something that I thought he should have done by a certain time,” she says. “And this \u003cem>rage\u003c/em> just suddenly came out of nowhere, just like totally bubbled up within me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wanted to throw the phone across the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was this really depressing moment of realizing that I’m just like my mother,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3FBxMkRLD4J2MlqlVZTzvBdbbQ14QjIi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le recently asked her parents if she could interview them, ask them about the things that happened to them that she had always been told not to talk about. She was surprised when they said yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t about forgiving anybody,” she says. “It wasn’t about me working through any of my own feelings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it \u003cem>was\u003c/em> a way of figuring out who she was, and where these different parts of herself came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her dad told her about his first wife and their two sons. He was a helicopter pilot in the South Vietnamese air force. Then spent three years in a concentration camp after the war. He later made it to the U.S., but when he sent for his family, their boat sank, and his wife and older son drowned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He abruptly stopped talking and then started wailing,” she says. “It was weird for me to be there for him because we just never have had that kind of relationship where we were there for one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le had never seen her dad like this. She’d never had such a clear picture of how much suffering her family has had to bear. Similarly, with her mom, she’d never heard directly from her what it felt like to leave her daughter behind in Vietnam. Talking to them about it as an adult gave her insight into the burdens she’s been carrying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever karma that was controlling that aspect of her life, never got resolved with her life, by her,” Le says. “So it just got passed on to me, and I have had to work through it all. For both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You’ll find all of KQED’s stories about the many ways the Vietnam war affected people in the Bay Area and throughout California at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">www.kqed.org/vietnamwar\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like these trickled out during Le’s childhood in San José. It was always hush-hush. So Le doesn’t remember that much. What she remembers about her parents is how angry they were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11616324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web-banners-1180x177-e1505162432907.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"301\" height=\"301\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le remembers one day when she was 6. She was in first grade and she forgot her backpack at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And no one could understand why I was so worried about that. But when I got home, my mom found out and she just lost her mind,” Le says. “We had this plastic Fisher-Price table. She kicked that thing across the room and hit the wall so hard it terrified me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le says it was like this all the time. She forgot her books when they went to the library, and her mom started screaming. When her sister messed up a sauce for dinner, her dad threw a dish at the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I just didn’t even know what I was dealing with,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came to dread every day. And it also took her hours to fall asleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having that kind of anxiety about what mistakes I might make the next day, it would keep me up at night,” she says. “I think that’s where my anxieties over making mistakes started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid, Le figured, her family was just like all the other Vietnamese families in the community. She assumed everybody’s parents wanted their kids to be serious about school and remember their backpacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The belief is a cultural piece. But the reaction is influenced by trauma,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cibhs.org/board-member/clayton-chau-md-phd\">Dr. Clayton Chau\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at St. Joseph Hoag Health in Irvine. “So parents without trauma would sit the child down and say, ‘Hey, what happened? How can we ensure that you have your backpack, and the importance of having your backpack?’ Versus, if she was traumatized then immediately she would just explode, with no control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chau says he sees this with a lot of Vietnamese families who suffered terrible losses during or after the war. If parents don’t resolve the trauma they experienced, their kids can inherit it. It’s partly \u003ca href=\"https://doctorsonly.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/08_Epigenetic-Transmission.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic (PDF)\u003c/a> — trauma can\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410355\"> alter genes\u003c/a>, which get passed down to the next generation. And it’s partly behavior, usually unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children who grow up in that environment develop a lot of anxiety and are very unsure of themselves,” Chau says. “Because if parents who are supposed to love you react that way, how can you have any prediction for strangers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomenon is called the \u003ca href=\"https://traumaandhealing.stanford.edu/readinglist\">intergenerational transfer of trauma \u003c/a>and was first recognized in the 1960s in the children of Holocaust survivors. It has since been identified in lots of groups, including kids of Cambodian and Vietnamese refugees. But while the Jewish mode of managing trauma is commemoration and remembering, in some Buddhist cultures people cope by letting go of things that can’t be changed or focusing on the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For My-Linh Le’s family, the kids were the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was in high school, my parents decided for me that I was going to be a pharmacist,” Le remembers. “I was given no say in this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Le got older, her parents became more controlling. Because they had lost so much, they were obsessed with her safety. Le says they would listen in on all her phone conversations, and wouldn’t let her walk anywhere. She never learned how to ride the bus, because her parents insisted on hiring drivers to take her to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even my friends and my friends’ parents felt bad for me,” she says. “They would actually lie to my parents for me sometimes so that I could go to the movies or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le got really good at suppressing her own anger and frustration, so she wouldn’t set her parents off. But now, as an adult, she’s started to notice little ways that this family habit is catching up with her. 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"content": "\u003cp>Decisions, decisions. From Fleet Week to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/10/04/our-favorite-music-festival-returns-with-a-bit-of-levity/\">Hardly Strictly Bluegrass \u003c/a>to a perfect beach forecast, it's shaping up to be one of those beautiful fall weekends around the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buzzing jet fighters and amazing musicians will compete for our attention and ear drums. If you're hitting the beach, watch out for big waves and rip currents -- or have fun surfing if you're one of the thousands who will be chasing the south swell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "How San Francisco’s Drag Royalty Does Good, While Looking Fierce",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco has always been the sort of place where people come to reinvent themselves in a big way. The trend goes back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652705/americas-emperor-san-franciscos-treasure-who-was-emperor-norton\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joshua Norton\u003c/a>, the eccentric wheeler-dealer who declared himself emperor of the United States in 1859.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Francisco drag queen and political activist José Sarria declared himself the “Empress José I, The Widow Norton,” in 1965, he wasn’t just having fun with Norton’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.impcourt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Imperial Court\u003c/a>, Sarria launched and presided over an entire movement that would not only support LGBTQ causes in a profound way over the more than five decades of its existence to date, but would also do it with lashings of bejeweled and sequined flair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about The Imperial Court in this episode of Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/10/ImperialCourtpodcastmastered.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/parade-of-imperial-court-dignitaries-e1506985255419.jpg\" Title=\"LISTEN: How San Francisco’s Drag Royalty Does Good, While Playing Dress Up\" program=\"Bay Curious\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten things to know about The Imperial Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>From its roots in 1960s San Francisco, today’s Imperial Court extends to around 70 chapters across the U.S., Canada and Mexico.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620612\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11620612 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"Jose Sarria posing during a visit to the GLBT Historical Society in 2009.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-800x477.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-160x95.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-1020x608.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-1180x703.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-960x572.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-240x143.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-375x223.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-520x310.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257.jpg 1556w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">José Sarria poses during a visit to the GLBT Historical Society in 2009. \u003ccite>(Gerard Koskovich)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The San Francisco chapter raises between $50,000-$100,000 each year for a wide range of charities, including San Francisco Suicide Prevention and the Gay-Straight Alliance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For nearly three decades until it shuttered in 2013, Marlena’s, a bar in Hayes Valley, was “ground zero” for Imperial Court activities in San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-800x453.jpg\" alt=\"Empress Marlena (aka Gary Mclain) poses by the sign that used to hang above her bar. Marlena's was ground zero for the Imperial Court for close to three decades.\" width=\"800\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-800x453.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-160x91.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1020x577.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1920x1086.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1180x668.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-960x543.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-240x136.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-375x212.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-520x294.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Empress Marlena (aka Gary Mclain) poses by the sign that used to hang above her bar. Marlena’s was ground zero for the Imperial Court for close to three decades. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The Imperial Court elects a new emperor and empress every February. Candidates run their election campaigns for about a month leading up to the election date.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The results of the election are announced at the annual coronation, which is held at San Francisco’s Design Center these days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There have been 52 empresses and 45 emperors to date.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Alexis Miranda, Imperial Court Empress 33 and manager at Divas in The Tenderloin, hosts a regular weekly gathering of Imperial and Ducal Court members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alexis Miranda, Imperial Court Empress 33 and manager at Divas in The Tenderloin, hosts a regular weekly gathering of Imperial and Ducal Court members. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>Most Imperial Court royals hold down day jobs in addition to working hard weekends on behalf of The Imperial Court. Their main role is to raise money for their selected charities by helping out at events in their hometowns and further afield.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As “The Mother Court,” the San Francisco chapter is the most prestigious of the courts within the system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620598\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620598\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The grave of Jose Sarria at Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1920x1081.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The grave of José Sarria at Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The Imperial Court is connected to several other LGBTQ organizations, including the Ducal Court and the Mr. and Miss Gay pageants.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sarria died at the age of 90 in 2013 and received a stately funeral at Grace Cathedral. He is buried next to Emperor Norton in Colma’s Woodlawn Cemetery. The royal couple’s graves are surrounded by those of other key Imperial Court royals.\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/QlyQqnBEFYg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/ol>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco has always been the sort of place where people come to reinvent themselves in a big way. The trend goes back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652705/americas-emperor-san-franciscos-treasure-who-was-emperor-norton\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joshua Norton\u003c/a>, the eccentric wheeler-dealer who declared himself emperor of the United States in 1859.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Francisco drag queen and political activist José Sarria declared himself the “Empress José I, The Widow Norton,” in 1965, he wasn’t just having fun with Norton’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.impcourt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Imperial Court\u003c/a>, Sarria launched and presided over an entire movement that would not only support LGBTQ causes in a profound way over the more than five decades of its existence to date, but would also do it with lashings of bejeweled and sequined flair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about The Imperial Court in this episode of Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten things to know about The Imperial Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>From its roots in 1960s San Francisco, today’s Imperial Court extends to around 70 chapters across the U.S., Canada and Mexico.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620612\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11620612 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"Jose Sarria posing during a visit to the GLBT Historical Society in 2009.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-800x477.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-160x95.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-1020x608.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-1180x703.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-960x572.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-240x143.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-375x223.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257-520x310.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarria2009B-e1506994286257.jpg 1556w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">José Sarria poses during a visit to the GLBT Historical Society in 2009. \u003ccite>(Gerard Koskovich)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The San Francisco chapter raises between $50,000-$100,000 each year for a wide range of charities, including San Francisco Suicide Prevention and the Gay-Straight Alliance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For nearly three decades until it shuttered in 2013, Marlena’s, a bar in Hayes Valley, was “ground zero” for Imperial Court activities in San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-800x453.jpg\" alt=\"Empress Marlena (aka Gary Mclain) poses by the sign that used to hang above her bar. Marlena's was ground zero for the Imperial Court for close to three decades.\" width=\"800\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-800x453.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-160x91.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1020x577.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1920x1086.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-1180x668.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-960x543.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-240x136.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-375x212.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Marlena-and-bar-sign-e1506991019483-520x294.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Empress Marlena (aka Gary Mclain) poses by the sign that used to hang above her bar. Marlena’s was ground zero for the Imperial Court for close to three decades. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The Imperial Court elects a new emperor and empress every February. Candidates run their election campaigns for about a month leading up to the election date.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The results of the election are announced at the annual coronation, which is held at San Francisco’s Design Center these days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There have been 52 empresses and 45 emperors to date.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Alexis Miranda, Imperial Court Empress 33 and manager at Divas in The Tenderloin, hosts a regular weekly gathering of Imperial and Ducal Court members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Alexis-Miranda-e1506991511440-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alexis Miranda, Imperial Court Empress 33 and manager at Divas in The Tenderloin, hosts a regular weekly gathering of Imperial and Ducal Court members. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>Most Imperial Court royals hold down day jobs in addition to working hard weekends on behalf of The Imperial Court. Their main role is to raise money for their selected charities by helping out at events in their hometowns and further afield.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As “The Mother Court,” the San Francisco chapter is the most prestigious of the courts within the system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620598\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620598\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The grave of Jose Sarria at Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1920x1081.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Sarrias-tomb-e1506991174130-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The grave of José Sarria at Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cli>The Imperial Court is connected to several other LGBTQ organizations, including the Ducal Court and the Mr. and Miss Gay pageants.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sarria died at the age of 90 in 2013 and received a stately funeral at Grace Cathedral. He is buried next to Emperor Norton in Colma’s Woodlawn Cemetery. The royal couple’s graves are surrounded by those of other key Imperial Court royals.\u003c/li>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/QlyQqnBEFYg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/QlyQqnBEFYg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Years After Tragedy, Fresno's Hmong Seek Cultural Understanding for Next Generation",
"title": "Years After Tragedy, Fresno's Hmong Seek Cultural Understanding for Next Generation",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At 15, Sarah Vang is a confident leader. With her big, persistent smile, she runs her high school Hmong Club meeting with ease, spreading enthusiasm even to the most reluctant participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She founded the club last year as a sophomore. And as president, she takes it upon herself to look out for new Hmong students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of Hmong freshman,” she says, “and I just want to tell them, 'Join the Hmong Club! I’m so happy you’re Hmong!' I feel like I’m the mother of all Hmong people. I love my community so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that love came only after years of wrestling with her identity. Sarah didn’t speak much Hmong growing up, and she didn’t really talk with her parents about their life in Laos or why they came to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/tcrmag20171006Hmong.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-1180x885.jpg\" Title=\"Years After Tragedy, Fresno's Hmong Seek Cultural Understanding for Next Generation\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In elementary school, kids tormented her with racist taunts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made me want to diminish all Asian or Hmong aspects of me,” she says. “I did not want to associate with any Hmong people. I really hated Hmong people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt that way for years. Then eventually, as a teen, she started wanting to know more about her culture. Around the same time, her high school introduced its first Hmong language and history class, and Sarah enrolled. Now every high school in the Fresno Unified School District offers these classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day her teacher showed the class a documentary about the Hmong in Fresno. It included a tragic episode in the community's history -- the suicides of eight teenagers between 1998 and 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These kids didn't have an identity. They don't know who they are, where they came from, why their parents were involved in the war.'\u003ccite>Peter Vang, Hmong survivor of the Vietnam War\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Once I saw my brother’s face, I started crying,” Sarah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah’s brother was one of those teenagers. He died before she was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My teacher didn’t know that that was my brother, or that the person they were interviewing was my dad,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her brother’s death, Sarah’s dad, Peter Vang, talked to the families and friends of the other teens who had killed themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot save my son anymore because he’s gone,” Vang says, “but I want to make sure other parents save their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang learned the kids all had distinct troubles, but he found a common theme: “These kids didn’t have an identity,” he says. “They don’t know who they are, where they came from, why their parents were involved in the war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11620673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Teacher Thae Xiong reads students a book in Hmong.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Thae Xiong reads students a book in Hmong. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vang says that for kids to have a better sense of their identity, they need to learn about that war -- the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/opinion/heirs-of-the-secret-war-in-laos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">secret war\u003c/a> in which the CIA recruited Hmong fighters to help stop the spread of communism in Laos during the Vietnam War. At least 30,000 Hmong died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, many Hmong ended up in the Central Valley, home to the second-largest Hmong community in the United States. Vang says that when his son was in school, this story wasn’t told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing in history books,” he says. \"So schools, when they talked about Vietnam War, the Hmong did not exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vang and others in the community successfully advocated for California legislation that encouraged schools to teach students about the role of the Hmong in the Vietnam War. And they began pushing for Hmong language and history classes at Fresno schools, like the one Vang’s daughter, Sarah, took for the first time last year. In that class, the secret war got a lot of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first we were like, 'Why are we learning about this?' We didn’t understand,” Sarah says. “But once we got into depth about it, we realized Hmong people went through a lot of hardships trying to get here. That’s when I started to ask my dad, ‘So tell me a little about the war.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G1xagEdRDJkUC617msXn4Mg8RjTmi9W1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang grew up in the war. As a 4-year-old, he remembers the screeching sound of rockets flying through the air, the sight of body parts strewn across the ground, and the stacks of body bags. At one point, his house was destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought my parents were dead,” he says. “I realized they were still alive after all the smoke cleared.” Vang’s father fought with the CIA and was injured more than once. He lost multiple fingers to a grenade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing these stories had a big impact on Sarah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really hit home. It made me appreciate everything the elders did,” she says. “Because of them we are here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than a decade, the work of Peter Vang and other community members is paying off: This year Sarah’s school offered a more advanced Hmong class for the first time, and last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/catalog/subjects/linguistics/hmong-mn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno State University introduced a minor in Hmong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified has something else in the works, too. It’s testing out a dual immersion class for kindergartners so that kids like 6-year-old Logan can learn Hmong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how to read English,” he says, while looking through a children’s book written in Hmong. “I don’t know how to read Hmong. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618123\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11618123 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doua Vu works with students Isaac and Cassidy in Fresno Unified School District's Hmong-English dual-immersion pilot class. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Misty Her oversees the new dual-language program. She says the biggest challenge is developing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really nothing, nothing out there for us,\" she says in terms of models. \"But what’s exciting is we get to build it from the ground up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her says there are very few Hmong dual-immersion programs, and there aren't a lot of Hmong written texts out there to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our written language only happened about the last 60, 70 years,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids are just a couple of weeks into the after-school class, but Fresno Unified is already planning to offer regular Hmong dual immersion at elementary schools as early as next year. It will be the first in Fresno, and one of\u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/program/susan-b-anthony-hmong-dual-language-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> just a couple in California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hmong who fled their homeland since the Vietnam War hope this generation -- and those to come -- will walk through the world with confidence. They hope that by knowing their language, their history and exactly where they came from, younger Hmong can decide who they want to be.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 15, Sarah Vang is a confident leader. With her big, persistent smile, she runs her high school Hmong Club meeting with ease, spreading enthusiasm even to the most reluctant participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She founded the club last year as a sophomore. And as president, she takes it upon herself to look out for new Hmong students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of Hmong freshman,” she says, “and I just want to tell them, 'Join the Hmong Club! I’m so happy you’re Hmong!' I feel like I’m the mother of all Hmong people. I love my community so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that love came only after years of wrestling with her identity. Sarah didn’t speak much Hmong growing up, and she didn’t really talk with her parents about their life in Laos or why they came to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In elementary school, kids tormented her with racist taunts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made me want to diminish all Asian or Hmong aspects of me,” she says. “I did not want to associate with any Hmong people. I really hated Hmong people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt that way for years. Then eventually, as a teen, she started wanting to know more about her culture. Around the same time, her high school introduced its first Hmong language and history class, and Sarah enrolled. Now every high school in the Fresno Unified School District offers these classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day her teacher showed the class a documentary about the Hmong in Fresno. It included a tragic episode in the community's history -- the suicides of eight teenagers between 1998 and 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These kids didn't have an identity. They don't know who they are, where they came from, why their parents were involved in the war.'\u003ccite>Peter Vang, Hmong survivor of the Vietnam War\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Once I saw my brother’s face, I started crying,” Sarah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah’s brother was one of those teenagers. He died before she was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My teacher didn’t know that that was my brother, or that the person they were interviewing was my dad,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her brother’s death, Sarah’s dad, Peter Vang, talked to the families and friends of the other teens who had killed themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot save my son anymore because he’s gone,” Vang says, “but I want to make sure other parents save their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang learned the kids all had distinct troubles, but he found a common theme: “These kids didn’t have an identity,” he says. “They don’t know who they are, where they came from, why their parents were involved in the war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11620673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Teacher Thae Xiong reads students a book in Hmong.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27162_RS26637_IMG_42671-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Thae Xiong reads students a book in Hmong. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vang says that for kids to have a better sense of their identity, they need to learn about that war -- the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/opinion/heirs-of-the-secret-war-in-laos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">secret war\u003c/a> in which the CIA recruited Hmong fighters to help stop the spread of communism in Laos during the Vietnam War. At least 30,000 Hmong died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, many Hmong ended up in the Central Valley, home to the second-largest Hmong community in the United States. Vang says that when his son was in school, this story wasn’t told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing in history books,” he says. \"So schools, when they talked about Vietnam War, the Hmong did not exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vang and others in the community successfully advocated for California legislation that encouraged schools to teach students about the role of the Hmong in the Vietnam War. And they began pushing for Hmong language and history classes at Fresno schools, like the one Vang’s daughter, Sarah, took for the first time last year. In that class, the secret war got a lot of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first we were like, 'Why are we learning about this?' We didn’t understand,” Sarah says. “But once we got into depth about it, we realized Hmong people went through a lot of hardships trying to get here. That’s when I started to ask my dad, ‘So tell me a little about the war.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang grew up in the war. As a 4-year-old, he remembers the screeching sound of rockets flying through the air, the sight of body parts strewn across the ground, and the stacks of body bags. At one point, his house was destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought my parents were dead,” he says. “I realized they were still alive after all the smoke cleared.” Vang’s father fought with the CIA and was injured more than once. He lost multiple fingers to a grenade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing these stories had a big impact on Sarah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really hit home. It made me appreciate everything the elders did,” she says. “Because of them we are here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than a decade, the work of Peter Vang and other community members is paying off: This year Sarah’s school offered a more advanced Hmong class for the first time, and last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/catalog/subjects/linguistics/hmong-mn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno State University introduced a minor in Hmong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified has something else in the works, too. It’s testing out a dual immersion class for kindergartners so that kids like 6-year-old Logan can learn Hmong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how to read English,” he says, while looking through a children’s book written in Hmong. “I don’t know how to read Hmong. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618123\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11618123 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Hmong-dual-immersion-3-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doua Vu works with students Isaac and Cassidy in Fresno Unified School District's Hmong-English dual-immersion pilot class. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Misty Her oversees the new dual-language program. She says the biggest challenge is developing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really nothing, nothing out there for us,\" she says in terms of models. \"But what’s exciting is we get to build it from the ground up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her says there are very few Hmong dual-immersion programs, and there aren't a lot of Hmong written texts out there to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our written language only happened about the last 60, 70 years,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids are just a couple of weeks into the after-school class, but Fresno Unified is already planning to offer regular Hmong dual immersion at elementary schools as early as next year. It will be the first in Fresno, and one of\u003ca href=\"http://www.scusd.edu/program/susan-b-anthony-hmong-dual-language-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> just a couple in California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hmong who fled their homeland since the Vietnam War hope this generation -- and those to come -- will walk through the world with confidence. They hope that by knowing their language, their history and exactly where they came from, younger Hmong can decide who they want to be.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fake News Used In Vietnam War, Too, Says Man Who Refused Draft",
"title": "Fake News Used In Vietnam War, Too, Says Man Who Refused Draft",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" Recently, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story comes from San Mateo resident David Meisenheimer, who gave up his student deferment from the draft because he felt it was too privileged. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-'60s, while I was a high school student, I was in support of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. In the Bay Area, there was an increasing amount of voices opposing the war. I explored information available in our high school library that convinced me our politicians were not providing the complete story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really were not getting accurate information. That really shaped everything that happened to me for the rest of my life. It definitely made me think, and I wasn't gonna naturally accept what my government said to me ever again from that time forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to register to vote, I chose \"declines to state.\" I had (have) no faith in our political \"leaders\" to tell the truth about anything. I did not consider the politicians to be leaders. I felt they were more interested in their own position than they were their constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/09/MeisenheimerProfile.mp3\" title=\"This Vietnam Objector Says The Government Was Spreading Fake News Back Then—And He Never Trusted What They Said Again\" Program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26575_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of 1968, I turned 18 and registered for the draft. That fall, I started college and received a student deferment. Before the end of that year, I had dropped out of school and lost my student deferment. I went back to school for the 1969 spring semester. I wanted my student deferment back, and I went to Berkeley seeking assistance from the draft resistance. Their solution was for me to immediately leave the country, and they told me they had resources that would help me do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, I returned to the library. I went through a copy of the Selective Service Act and located a paragraph that outlined a process for having a student deferment reinstated. I followed that process and my student deferment was reinstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, I became aware that a disproportionate number of draftees were people of color because college was not an option for so many young men of color as it was to white males. I felt like it wasn't right for me, as a white male, to have a student deferment. So, I gave up my student deferment and decided to apply for conscientious objector status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617890\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11617890 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Meisenheimer flips through the numerous draft cards he received while pursuing his conscientious objector status. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By late spring of 1969, my draft board had sent me notice to report for my physical. I had not had a ruling on my CO status, but I knew what I would do at my physical. By this time, I had read about others who refused to accept the military oath after passing their physicals. I knew what to expect and I was prepared to deal with those consequences whatever they might have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was now June and time for school finals. I had an English professor who helped with a letter submitted to my draft board that said my physical was scheduled for the same day as my final, and that was the only day I would be able to take the final. The board excused me from my physical appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board had also denied my initial request for CO status and I began the appeal process. I did receive two more notices to report for physicals over the next several months, but because I was still in the appeal process I did not have to report. I appeared before my draft board as part of the appeal process and it did last for many months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, I was awarded CO status. The only draft card I ever signed was the one I received with my CO status. No doubt I received CO status more because of the military's need to process young men who were not resisting than I did for my moral convictions. Regardless, I felt a sense of accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really felt like the people who refused induction -- those people were the heroes for me. I know that even to this day they're not viewed that way. They were sometimes viewed as having taken the easy way out. Sometimes they were viewed as cowards, but I feel like those people -- they were really heroes. They really did love their country and they did exactly what was right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619991\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Meisenheimer holds up one of the many draft cards he received while pursuing his conscientious objector status. He never signed any of them, except the card that granted him his CO status. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I know initially my opposition to Vietnam caused strain in my relationship with my dad. He was a World War II veteran and he did support the war effort early on, as did I. He was really impacted by the Second World War and, like almost everybody, he believed that the United States had to stand up to what was going on in Vietnam. But with time and numerous conversations, as well as so many stories unfolding in the press, my dad changed his feelings about the war and was strongly opposed to our involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor's note: When KQED asked Meisenheimer about his strained relationship with his dad, he said it wasn't any different from a disagreement any 18-year-old would have with his father.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It strikes me that at this point -- 50 years later -- there's still all this strong emotion about, \"Yes, we should have been there,\" or \"No, we shouldn't have been there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't feel that has changed and much of what I see happening in our country today reminds me of the turbulent '60s. There's this sense that you've got these opposing sides and people aren't listening to one another. They're not trying to be thoughtful about what's going on. They're just reacting and there are all of these really strong feelings that people are so willing to shoot at other people, and nobody's hearing what anybody else has to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Meisenheimer's essay has been edited for clarity, and material from his interview with KQED has been added to provide greater detail.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Sonja Hutson and Bert Johnson produced this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" Recently, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story comes from San Mateo resident David Meisenheimer, who gave up his student deferment from the draft because he felt it was too privileged. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-'60s, while I was a high school student, I was in support of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. In the Bay Area, there was an increasing amount of voices opposing the war. I explored information available in our high school library that convinced me our politicians were not providing the complete story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really were not getting accurate information. That really shaped everything that happened to me for the rest of my life. It definitely made me think, and I wasn't gonna naturally accept what my government said to me ever again from that time forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to register to vote, I chose \"declines to state.\" I had (have) no faith in our political \"leaders\" to tell the truth about anything. I did not consider the politicians to be leaders. I felt they were more interested in their own position than they were their constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of 1968, I turned 18 and registered for the draft. That fall, I started college and received a student deferment. Before the end of that year, I had dropped out of school and lost my student deferment. I went back to school for the 1969 spring semester. I wanted my student deferment back, and I went to Berkeley seeking assistance from the draft resistance. Their solution was for me to immediately leave the country, and they told me they had resources that would help me do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, I returned to the library. I went through a copy of the Selective Service Act and located a paragraph that outlined a process for having a student deferment reinstated. I followed that process and my student deferment was reinstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, I became aware that a disproportionate number of draftees were people of color because college was not an option for so many young men of color as it was to white males. I felt like it wasn't right for me, as a white male, to have a student deferment. So, I gave up my student deferment and decided to apply for conscientious objector status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617890\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11617890 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26574_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Meisenheimer flips through the numerous draft cards he received while pursuing his conscientious objector status. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By late spring of 1969, my draft board had sent me notice to report for my physical. I had not had a ruling on my CO status, but I knew what I would do at my physical. By this time, I had read about others who refused to accept the military oath after passing their physicals. I knew what to expect and I was prepared to deal with those consequences whatever they might have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was now June and time for school finals. I had an English professor who helped with a letter submitted to my draft board that said my physical was scheduled for the same day as my final, and that was the only day I would be able to take the final. The board excused me from my physical appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board had also denied my initial request for CO status and I began the appeal process. I did receive two more notices to report for physicals over the next several months, but because I was still in the appeal process I did not have to report. I appeared before my draft board as part of the appeal process and it did last for many months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, I was awarded CO status. The only draft card I ever signed was the one I received with my CO status. No doubt I received CO status more because of the military's need to process young men who were not resisting than I did for my moral convictions. Regardless, I felt a sense of accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really felt like the people who refused induction -- those people were the heroes for me. I know that even to this day they're not viewed that way. They were sometimes viewed as having taken the easy way out. Sometimes they were viewed as cowards, but I feel like those people -- they were really heroes. They really did love their country and they did exactly what was right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11619991\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26577_20170912_VietnamStories_DavidMeisenheimer_Credit_BertJohnson-5-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Meisenheimer holds up one of the many draft cards he received while pursuing his conscientious objector status. He never signed any of them, except the card that granted him his CO status. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I know initially my opposition to Vietnam caused strain in my relationship with my dad. He was a World War II veteran and he did support the war effort early on, as did I. He was really impacted by the Second World War and, like almost everybody, he believed that the United States had to stand up to what was going on in Vietnam. But with time and numerous conversations, as well as so many stories unfolding in the press, my dad changed his feelings about the war and was strongly opposed to our involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Editor's note: When KQED asked Meisenheimer about his strained relationship with his dad, he said it wasn't any different from a disagreement any 18-year-old would have with his father.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It strikes me that at this point -- 50 years later -- there's still all this strong emotion about, \"Yes, we should have been there,\" or \"No, we shouldn't have been there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't feel that has changed and much of what I see happening in our country today reminds me of the turbulent '60s. There's this sense that you've got these opposing sides and people aren't listening to one another. They're not trying to be thoughtful about what's going on. They're just reacting and there are all of these really strong feelings that people are so willing to shoot at other people, and nobody's hearing what anybody else has to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Meisenheimer's essay has been edited for clarity, and material from his interview with KQED has been added to provide greater detail.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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