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"content": "\u003cp>The armed occupation of Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge lasted for 41 days. The conspiracy trial for the first defendants in the case — which begins Wednesday, with the start of jury selection — could drag on far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in May, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-occupation-trial-could-last-for-months/\">raised the question\u003c/a> of how the court should handle breaks for Thanksgiving and Christmas, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Heaven forbid we're still doing this then,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that the Malheur occupation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">began in January\u003c/a>, born of a protest against the arson convictions of two ranchers and fueled by opposition to federal land ownership and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen people were indicted on conspiracy charges in connection with the case. Many have pleaded guilty, while several others are \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-refuge-occupation-defendants-trial-status-criminal-case/\">set to go on trial in February\u003c/a>. Charges against one man — Peter Santilli, who broadcast live from the occupation — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">dropped on Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first trial begins today, against seven defendants — including leader Ammon Bundy and the last occupier to leave, David Fry, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466394039/listen-final-occupier-refusing-to-leave-oregon-wildlife-refuge\">tense final hours\u003c/a> at the refuge were live-streamed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Conrad Wilson of Oregon Public Broadcasting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492926680/trial-to-begin-in-occupation-of-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge\">reports\u003c/a>, the government is accusing the occupiers of using force, intimidation and threats to impede federal employees from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prosecutors also charged some of the defendants with using firearms in a federal facility and theft of government property,\" Wilson reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Sali, a Portland-area criminal defense attorney, tells Wilson the trial isn't your typical criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In most cases, a) there's some dispute over what actually happened; b) there might be at least some question as to sort of the legality of things that were done; and c) the defendant's goal is to be acquitted or to minimize the charges or to minimize sentencing,\" Sali said. \"Here, most of those things are absent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defendants say they were exercising their First and Second Amendment rights and that they didn't impede any workers from performing their duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want more details on the defense strategy, Wilson and his colleagues at OPB have a new podcast on the case and have dedicated an entire episode to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/this-land-is-our-land-defense-strategy/\">that question\u003c/a>. And, of course, you can follow that podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/occupation-trial-podcast-this-land-is-our-land/\">This Land Is Our Land\u003c/a>, to keep up with developments as the trial moves forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, several of the defendants in Oregon are also facing charges in Nevada, related to the 2014 standoff between rancher Cliven Bundy — Ammon's father — and the Bureau of Land Management, Wilson notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trial is scheduled to begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trial+Opens+For+Occupiers+Of+Oregon+Wildlife+Refuge+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The armed occupation of Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge lasted for 41 days. The conspiracy trial for the first defendants in the case — which begins Wednesday, with the start of jury selection — could drag on far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in May, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-occupation-trial-could-last-for-months/\">raised the question\u003c/a> of how the court should handle breaks for Thanksgiving and Christmas, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Heaven forbid we're still doing this then,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that the Malheur occupation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">began in January\u003c/a>, born of a protest against the arson convictions of two ranchers and fueled by opposition to federal land ownership and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen people were indicted on conspiracy charges in connection with the case. Many have pleaded guilty, while several others are \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-refuge-occupation-defendants-trial-status-criminal-case/\">set to go on trial in February\u003c/a>. Charges against one man — Peter Santilli, who broadcast live from the occupation — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">dropped on Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first trial begins today, against seven defendants — including leader Ammon Bundy and the last occupier to leave, David Fry, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466394039/listen-final-occupier-refusing-to-leave-oregon-wildlife-refuge\">tense final hours\u003c/a> at the refuge were live-streamed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Conrad Wilson of Oregon Public Broadcasting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492926680/trial-to-begin-in-occupation-of-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge\">reports\u003c/a>, the government is accusing the occupiers of using force, intimidation and threats to impede federal employees from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prosecutors also charged some of the defendants with using firearms in a federal facility and theft of government property,\" Wilson reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Sali, a Portland-area criminal defense attorney, tells Wilson the trial isn't your typical criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In most cases, a) there's some dispute over what actually happened; b) there might be at least some question as to sort of the legality of things that were done; and c) the defendant's goal is to be acquitted or to minimize the charges or to minimize sentencing,\" Sali said. \"Here, most of those things are absent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defendants say they were exercising their First and Second Amendment rights and that they didn't impede any workers from performing their duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want more details on the defense strategy, Wilson and his colleagues at OPB have a new podcast on the case and have dedicated an entire episode to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/this-land-is-our-land-defense-strategy/\">that question\u003c/a>. And, of course, you can follow that podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/occupation-trial-podcast-this-land-is-our-land/\">This Land Is Our Land\u003c/a>, to keep up with developments as the trial moves forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, several of the defendants in Oregon are also facing charges in Nevada, related to the 2014 standoff between rancher Cliven Bundy — Ammon's father — and the Bureau of Land Management, Wilson notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trial is scheduled to begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trial+Opens+For+Occupiers+Of+Oregon+Wildlife+Refuge+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Policy in L.A. Cracks Down on Police Shooting at Moving Cars",
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"content": "\u003cp>Heavy scrutiny surrounding officer-involved shootings has some law enforcement leaders rethinking firing at moving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agencies is the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which recently changed its policy on the issue. The LASD is the largest sheriff's department in the country, with about 10,000 full-time sworn personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/11/10/455502419/in-los-angeles-piecing-together-the-numbers-on-police-shootings\">KPCC\u003c/a> has been tracking the use of force by sheriff's deputies as part of an ongoing investigative series called \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\" target=\"_blank\">Officer Involved\u003c/a>. It found almost every driver or passenger shot by deputies was unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry was one of these unarmed drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/480147373/492203180/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Berry sat in his BMW on his home street in Lakewood — a city south of Los Angeles — as sheriff's patrol cars blocked him from driving away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven deputies swarmed the vehicle, as a neighbor recorded the scene on her smartphone, and people called out to \"Johnny,\" urging him to exit the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a 31-year-old restaurant manager, was in the middle of a schizophrenic episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His brother, Chris Berry, says John wasn't armed and wasn't dangerous. In fact, Chris had called deputies for help, perhaps in getting his brother to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chris was shocked when officers pulled out a baton, then a Taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were way too aggressive for someone who doesn't understand what's going on,\" Chris Berry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, John's car lurched forward, then back. The deputies declined to comment for this story, but told homicide investigators they were scared they'd be run over. That's why they shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Berry says there was no reason to shoot and kill John. His brother suffered from a severe mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've known my brother long enough he didn't mean to hurt anybody. He was terrified,\" Chris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shoot Or Get Out Of The Way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry's case raises many issues. Among them is a tactical one that isn't discussed often: Should officers shoot a person if they're afraid of being run over? Or should they just get out of the way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Police Department, which serves the city of Los Angeles, has cracked down on the practice and virtually eliminated shooting at moving cars with unarmed occupants from 2010 through 2014, KPCC found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the KPCC investigation found Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies shot an unarmed passenger or driver in a car at least eight times during the same five-year period because they said they feared being run over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"d4VWctMgmuUU0b3uFFIWCNROLDv0SGsU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, shooting at a moving vehicle doesn't make a lot of sense, says Todd Rogers, an assistant L.A. sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says the shootings in KPCC's investigation are justified. But he also agrees with a growing number of law enforcement leaders who say injuring someone behind the wheel can make the situation more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chances are you are not going to kill the vehicle. You are not going to stop the vehicle. It is still going to be moving forward and everything in its path is going to get hit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver — the target — is hit, that means an unmanned 3,000-pound vehicle is suddenly tearing down the streets of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the issue of bystanders. In May 2005, L.A. sheriff's deputies unloaded 120 rounds on an unarmed man in a Chevy Tahoe in Compton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bullets reportedly sprayed five neighborhood homes. One bullet was found two blocks away, lodged in the wall of an elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, the L.A. Sheriff's Department wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/09/local/me-policy9\">new policy discouraging firing at moving vehicles\u003c/a>. But the shootings continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are probably shooting at moving vehicles too much, because it is not an effective tactic, not because deputies aren't legally justified in doing so,\" Rogers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally justified, Rogers says, because deputies are allowed to shoot when they fear for their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two cases KPCC examined, deputies said the driver reached for a gun. But in all other cases, the weapon was the car itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those two cases and the eight in which no gun was found, there were a total of four fatal shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Van Leeuwen is vice president of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, the deputies' union. He says the solution is training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's Van Leeuween's job as field training officer to teach deputies how to handle threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/08/63409/la-sheriff-bans-deputies-from-shooting-at-moving-c/\">Sheriff's Department changed its policy\u003c/a>, following KPCC's original investigation. It released a training video that teaches deputies that shooting at cars in dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it updated its policy, effective this month, which explicitly states: \"Firearms shall not be discharged at a stationary or moving vehicle, the occupants of a vehicle, or the tires of a vehicle unless a person in the vehicle is imminently threatening the Department member or another person present with deadly force by means other than the moving vehicle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, unless another weapon is present, stop shooting into cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for consequences, the Sheriff's Department will review deviations from this policy on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/aaron-mendelson\">Aaron Mendelson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Heavy scrutiny surrounding officer-involved shootings has some law enforcement leaders rethinking firing at moving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agencies is the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which recently changed its policy on the issue. The LASD is the largest sheriff's department in the country, with about 10,000 full-time sworn personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/11/10/455502419/in-los-angeles-piecing-together-the-numbers-on-police-shootings\">KPCC\u003c/a> has been tracking the use of force by sheriff's deputies as part of an ongoing investigative series called \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\" target=\"_blank\">Officer Involved\u003c/a>. It found almost every driver or passenger shot by deputies was unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry was one of these unarmed drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/480147373/492203180/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Berry sat in his BMW on his home street in Lakewood — a city south of Los Angeles — as sheriff's patrol cars blocked him from driving away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven deputies swarmed the vehicle, as a neighbor recorded the scene on her smartphone, and people called out to \"Johnny,\" urging him to exit the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a 31-year-old restaurant manager, was in the middle of a schizophrenic episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His brother, Chris Berry, says John wasn't armed and wasn't dangerous. In fact, Chris had called deputies for help, perhaps in getting his brother to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chris was shocked when officers pulled out a baton, then a Taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were way too aggressive for someone who doesn't understand what's going on,\" Chris Berry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, John's car lurched forward, then back. The deputies declined to comment for this story, but told homicide investigators they were scared they'd be run over. That's why they shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Berry says there was no reason to shoot and kill John. His brother suffered from a severe mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've known my brother long enough he didn't mean to hurt anybody. He was terrified,\" Chris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shoot Or Get Out Of The Way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry's case raises many issues. Among them is a tactical one that isn't discussed often: Should officers shoot a person if they're afraid of being run over? Or should they just get out of the way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Police Department, which serves the city of Los Angeles, has cracked down on the practice and virtually eliminated shooting at moving cars with unarmed occupants from 2010 through 2014, KPCC found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the KPCC investigation found Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies shot an unarmed passenger or driver in a car at least eight times during the same five-year period because they said they feared being run over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, shooting at a moving vehicle doesn't make a lot of sense, says Todd Rogers, an assistant L.A. sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says the shootings in KPCC's investigation are justified. But he also agrees with a growing number of law enforcement leaders who say injuring someone behind the wheel can make the situation more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chances are you are not going to kill the vehicle. You are not going to stop the vehicle. It is still going to be moving forward and everything in its path is going to get hit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver — the target — is hit, that means an unmanned 3,000-pound vehicle is suddenly tearing down the streets of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the issue of bystanders. In May 2005, L.A. sheriff's deputies unloaded 120 rounds on an unarmed man in a Chevy Tahoe in Compton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bullets reportedly sprayed five neighborhood homes. One bullet was found two blocks away, lodged in the wall of an elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, the L.A. Sheriff's Department wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/09/local/me-policy9\">new policy discouraging firing at moving vehicles\u003c/a>. But the shootings continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are probably shooting at moving vehicles too much, because it is not an effective tactic, not because deputies aren't legally justified in doing so,\" Rogers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally justified, Rogers says, because deputies are allowed to shoot when they fear for their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two cases KPCC examined, deputies said the driver reached for a gun. But in all other cases, the weapon was the car itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those two cases and the eight in which no gun was found, there were a total of four fatal shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Van Leeuwen is vice president of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, the deputies' union. He says the solution is training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's Van Leeuween's job as field training officer to teach deputies how to handle threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/08/63409/la-sheriff-bans-deputies-from-shooting-at-moving-c/\">Sheriff's Department changed its policy\u003c/a>, following KPCC's original investigation. It released a training video that teaches deputies that shooting at cars in dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it updated its policy, effective this month, which explicitly states: \"Firearms shall not be discharged at a stationary or moving vehicle, the occupants of a vehicle, or the tires of a vehicle unless a person in the vehicle is imminently threatening the Department member or another person present with deadly force by means other than the moving vehicle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, unless another weapon is present, stop shooting into cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for consequences, the Sheriff's Department will review deviations from this policy on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/aaron-mendelson\">Aaron Mendelson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In California, Curbing Trade Might Have Its Trade-Offs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Inside a sprawling warehouse just outside downtown Los Angeles, a line of seamstresses sew high-end blouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This city is still the garment capital of the U.S., even though it employs a fraction of the workers it once did. Since 1990, the number of U.S. apparel manufacturing jobs has fallen by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The charts and the statistics are really frightening,\" says Ilse Metchek, head of the California Fashion Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek, who has worked in the industry for half a century, says she has seen firsthand the devastating effects free trade agreements have had across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely terrible,\" Metchek says. In the years after the North American Free Trade Agreement, she says, \"we lost 50,000 jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately all the talk in politics has been about what would happen to the country if America were less engaged with the world — and if cutting off trade could, indeed, bring jobs back. And nowhere in the country have the effects of trade — both positive and negative — been more visible than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ogEEtkzYhViFlujx91cH6ZEMBUHKgqMx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek says trade has been a one-way street for American workers — a flood of cheap imports. And in terms of exports? There are almost none. She couldn't name a single company that makes clothes in L.A. and sends them overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478553872/report-says-trade-deal-would-boost-u-s-economy-but-opponents-say-no\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> would make things even worse because it sets rules for 12 countries, but not China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an open door for China to ship to the United States, duty-free,\" Metchek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she doesn't like the anti-trade rhetoric that has dominated this campaign from Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to start making things again. We're going to start up our manufacturing businesses,\" Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton says, \"I believe we can still make it in America and export from America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek finds that kind of talk naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because you close trade doesn't mean factories are coming back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apparel factories that do remain in the U.S. make \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/12/01/456027751/from-pocket-lining-to-jeans-a-niche-means-survival-in-la-fashion\">high-end fashion\u003c/a> — $300 designer jeans, $160 shirts. But as for the clothes most people wear, Metchek says there is no way you could make them cheaply enough in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest problem is, of course, that we have a concept that if we make it here the world would want it,\" she says. \"The world is not waiting for American product. We're kidding ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in apparel. But in more advanced manufacturing, it's a different story. The world often \u003cem>is \u003c/em>waiting for made-in-USA goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11067464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, a carbon fiber core rolls through a long machine as a worker gives one last quality control check. This is the factory of CTC Global, which makes conductors that improve efficiency in power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer Marv Sepe says more than 80 percent of the company's products are exported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So anything that would hamper our ability to sell into foreign markets would impact us greatly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTC Global is typical of the factories that now dominate Southern California. It's not making T-shirts, but rather high-value products that get shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also lean, with just 130 workers. That's why it's cost-effective for the company to still make its conductors in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've done a very good job of automating the process,\" Sepe says. \"We can have a minimal number of people producing the maximum amount of product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not a popular thing to say, but most economists agree: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489490830/presidential-campaigns-are-talking-around-the-robot-in-the-room\">It's automation\u003c/a> — not trade — that's to blame for most of the job losses in manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't play as well on the campaign trail as what Trump says: \"Other people are taking your jobs and our jobs are disappearing. They're going to other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"u4tdcuO5VFtP3TFxhjneL6FsrGDArVmv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though she's considered less protectionist than Trump, Hillary Clinton came out last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/07/446672839/clinton-breaks-with-obama-to-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership\">against the Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the largest trade agreement in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I know about it, as of today I am not in favor of what I have learned about it,\" Clinton has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepe is still holding out hope the treaty will be ratified. He says it would help open new markets to sell his conductors, so he is dismayed that both Clinton and Trump oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are not selling enough product in the United States and you need to go into foreign markets, why would you cut that off?\" Sepe says. \"Ninety-five percent of the world's consumers are outside the United States. We need to go out and compete worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And competing means California shouldn't close its doors to bringing in goods from other countries, says Kevin Klowden, an economist at the Milken Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imports are still more important because we are the main gateway for manufactured goods from China into the United States,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When operations at West Coast ports \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/14/386199926/west-coast-port-closures-are-hitting-several-industries-hard\">ground to a halt\u003c/a> last year because of a labor dispute, L.A.'s economy took a big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klowden says it's proof of how important trade has become, supporting a vast number of workers who transport and process all that stuff we buy from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the slowdown had turned into a full strike, it potentially could have pushed the Los Angeles area into recession,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the U.S. got into a trade war with China, that's exactly what he worries would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Inside a sprawling warehouse just outside downtown Los Angeles, a line of seamstresses sew high-end blouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This city is still the garment capital of the U.S., even though it employs a fraction of the workers it once did. Since 1990, the number of U.S. apparel manufacturing jobs has fallen by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The charts and the statistics are really frightening,\" says Ilse Metchek, head of the California Fashion Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek, who has worked in the industry for half a century, says she has seen firsthand the devastating effects free trade agreements have had across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely terrible,\" Metchek says. In the years after the North American Free Trade Agreement, she says, \"we lost 50,000 jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately all the talk in politics has been about what would happen to the country if America were less engaged with the world — and if cutting off trade could, indeed, bring jobs back. And nowhere in the country have the effects of trade — both positive and negative — been more visible than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek says trade has been a one-way street for American workers — a flood of cheap imports. And in terms of exports? There are almost none. She couldn't name a single company that makes clothes in L.A. and sends them overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478553872/report-says-trade-deal-would-boost-u-s-economy-but-opponents-say-no\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> would make things even worse because it sets rules for 12 countries, but not China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an open door for China to ship to the United States, duty-free,\" Metchek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she doesn't like the anti-trade rhetoric that has dominated this campaign from Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to start making things again. We're going to start up our manufacturing businesses,\" Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton says, \"I believe we can still make it in America and export from America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek finds that kind of talk naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because you close trade doesn't mean factories are coming back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apparel factories that do remain in the U.S. make \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/12/01/456027751/from-pocket-lining-to-jeans-a-niche-means-survival-in-la-fashion\">high-end fashion\u003c/a> — $300 designer jeans, $160 shirts. But as for the clothes most people wear, Metchek says there is no way you could make them cheaply enough in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest problem is, of course, that we have a concept that if we make it here the world would want it,\" she says. \"The world is not waiting for American product. We're kidding ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in apparel. But in more advanced manufacturing, it's a different story. The world often \u003cem>is \u003c/em>waiting for made-in-USA goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11067464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, a carbon fiber core rolls through a long machine as a worker gives one last quality control check. This is the factory of CTC Global, which makes conductors that improve efficiency in power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer Marv Sepe says more than 80 percent of the company's products are exported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So anything that would hamper our ability to sell into foreign markets would impact us greatly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTC Global is typical of the factories that now dominate Southern California. It's not making T-shirts, but rather high-value products that get shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also lean, with just 130 workers. That's why it's cost-effective for the company to still make its conductors in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've done a very good job of automating the process,\" Sepe says. \"We can have a minimal number of people producing the maximum amount of product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not a popular thing to say, but most economists agree: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489490830/presidential-campaigns-are-talking-around-the-robot-in-the-room\">It's automation\u003c/a> — not trade — that's to blame for most of the job losses in manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't play as well on the campaign trail as what Trump says: \"Other people are taking your jobs and our jobs are disappearing. They're going to other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though she's considered less protectionist than Trump, Hillary Clinton came out last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/07/446672839/clinton-breaks-with-obama-to-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership\">against the Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the largest trade agreement in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I know about it, as of today I am not in favor of what I have learned about it,\" Clinton has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepe is still holding out hope the treaty will be ratified. He says it would help open new markets to sell his conductors, so he is dismayed that both Clinton and Trump oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are not selling enough product in the United States and you need to go into foreign markets, why would you cut that off?\" Sepe says. \"Ninety-five percent of the world's consumers are outside the United States. We need to go out and compete worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And competing means California shouldn't close its doors to bringing in goods from other countries, says Kevin Klowden, an economist at the Milken Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imports are still more important because we are the main gateway for manufactured goods from China into the United States,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When operations at West Coast ports \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/14/386199926/west-coast-port-closures-are-hitting-several-industries-hard\">ground to a halt\u003c/a> last year because of a labor dispute, L.A.'s economy took a big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klowden says it's proof of how important trade has become, supporting a vast number of workers who transport and process all that stuff we buy from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the slowdown had turned into a full strike, it potentially could have pushed the Los Angeles area into recession,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the U.S. got into a trade war with China, that's exactly what he worries would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why California's New Farmworker Overtime Bill May Not Mean Bigger Paychecks",
"title": "Why California's New Farmworker Overtime Bill May Not Mean Bigger Paychecks",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Maria Diaz sorts green bell peppers along an outdoor conveyor belt on a farm 25 miles west of Sacramento, discarding leaves and stems quickly before peppers are swept away by a mini-roller coaster onto a tractor-trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz, a single parent of three, is one of roughly 800,000 farmworkers in California. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\">bill recently passed by the California Legislature\u003c/a>, Diaz could collect overtime pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz says growers should pay overtime after eight hours. She adds that those extra earnings would help her cover child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eRmuXDk7o0X12CcunUvtKItAnEcf5gPM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers currently earn overtime after 10 hours a day or after working 60 hours a week. But under a bill awaiting action from Gov. Jerry Brown, they would be eligible for overtime the way most laborers are — if they work more than eight hours in a day or more than 40 hours in a week. The change would be a first for farmworkers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out it might not add up to bigger paychecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts and one-third of vegetables come from California, so higher labor costs could mean higher food bills no matter where you live in the country. If Brown signs the bill, Jeff Merwin, an alfalfa farmer and president of the Yolo County Farm Bureau, says his employees will end up losing money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not being told the story. What they're being fed is this utopian line of 'It'll be great, you'll get all this overtime because they'll pay it. You know they'll pay it.' How?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11066109\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11066109\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg. \u003ccite>(Julia Mitric/Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now Merwin's employees work about 60 hours at straight time. He says he can't afford to pay overtime, so he'll just have to cut back their hours — or find a way to do the same work in less time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I'm not the Grinch here. All I'm saying is it's Economics 101,\" he says. \"If the money's not there, you can't pay it. And the money is not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, professor emeritus of agricultural economics at the University of California, Davis, says there are no data on exactly who works how many hours when it comes to U.S. farmworkers. He says that's the big problem with predicting how new overtime rules will affect farmworkers and their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So in a sense, we're making policy based on assumptions which may or may not be true,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Martin says, California is a crazy patchwork when it comes to regulating farm labor. Farmworkers are excluded from certain rights; in other cases, they receive special protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says the first step in coming up with a more comprehensive solution is updating the picture of farmworkers — from Dust Bowl-era \u003cem>Grapes of Wrath\u003c/em> to the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a different story than many people have in their mind, from the days when most farmworkers were single men who lived on the farm where they worked and lived in dorms and things like that. That still exists, but it's very rare,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the governor signs the bill by Wednesday, the new overtime rules will be phased in over the next six years in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">Capital Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California lawmakers just passed a landmark bill boosting overtime pay for farmworkers, but some farmers say they can't afford it.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maria Diaz sorts green bell peppers along an outdoor conveyor belt on a farm 25 miles west of Sacramento, discarding leaves and stems quickly before peppers are swept away by a mini-roller coaster onto a tractor-trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz, a single parent of three, is one of roughly 800,000 farmworkers in California. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\">bill recently passed by the California Legislature\u003c/a>, Diaz could collect overtime pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz says growers should pay overtime after eight hours. She adds that those extra earnings would help her cover child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers currently earn overtime after 10 hours a day or after working 60 hours a week. But under a bill awaiting action from Gov. Jerry Brown, they would be eligible for overtime the way most laborers are — if they work more than eight hours in a day or more than 40 hours in a week. The change would be a first for farmworkers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out it might not add up to bigger paychecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts and one-third of vegetables come from California, so higher labor costs could mean higher food bills no matter where you live in the country. If Brown signs the bill, Jeff Merwin, an alfalfa farmer and president of the Yolo County Farm Bureau, says his employees will end up losing money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not being told the story. What they're being fed is this utopian line of 'It'll be great, you'll get all this overtime because they'll pay it. You know they'll pay it.' How?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11066109\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11066109\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg. \u003ccite>(Julia Mitric/Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now Merwin's employees work about 60 hours at straight time. He says he can't afford to pay overtime, so he'll just have to cut back their hours — or find a way to do the same work in less time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I'm not the Grinch here. All I'm saying is it's Economics 101,\" he says. \"If the money's not there, you can't pay it. And the money is not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, professor emeritus of agricultural economics at the University of California, Davis, says there are no data on exactly who works how many hours when it comes to U.S. farmworkers. He says that's the big problem with predicting how new overtime rules will affect farmworkers and their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So in a sense, we're making policy based on assumptions which may or may not be true,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Martin says, California is a crazy patchwork when it comes to regulating farm labor. Farmworkers are excluded from certain rights; in other cases, they receive special protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says the first step in coming up with a more comprehensive solution is updating the picture of farmworkers — from Dust Bowl-era \u003cem>Grapes of Wrath\u003c/em> to the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a different story than many people have in their mind, from the days when most farmworkers were single men who lived on the farm where they worked and lived in dorms and things like that. That still exists, but it's very rare,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the governor signs the bill by Wednesday, the new overtime rules will be phased in over the next six years in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">Capital Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Looking for Alien Life Investigate 'Interesting' Signal From Space",
"title": "Scientists Looking for Alien Life Investigate 'Interesting' Signal From Space",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>They aren't saying it's alien. But they are saying it's \"interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> — the private organization that looks for signals of extraterrestrial life — has announced that it is investigating reports of an unusual radio signal picked up by Russian astronomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal was detected on a much wider bandwidth than the SETI Institute uses in its searches, and the strength of the received signal was \"weak,\" SETI Institute astronomer Seth Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/a-seti-signal\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unusual, both in its design and its \"beam shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal \u003cem>might\u003c/em> be coming from a solar system called HD 164595, some 94 light-years away from us, Shostak wrote. It seems to be coming from that direction, at any rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That system has a star similar to ours. There's one known planet circling that star, about the size of Neptune and very close to the star. That planet doesn't seem like a good candidate for hosting life, but other planets might also be in the system, Shostak wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's no guarantee that the signal is, in fact, coming from the system. And even if it is, that doesn't mean it's definitely coming from intelligent life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomer Nick Suntzeff \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/seti-has-observed-a-strong-signal-that-may-originate-from-a-sun-like-star/\">told Ars Technica\u003c/a> that there's a \"significant chance\" it could be military — that is, coming from covert satellite communications instead of beaming to us from HD 164595.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are \"natural sources\" that could conceivably cause a wide-band signal like the one detected, Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">told GeekWire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the astronomers who first detected the signal, in May 2015, didn't immediately alert the scientific community and ask for help confirming the signal. That suggests they were not persuaded this was extraterrestrial life reaching out, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Shostak wrote on SETI's site that it's \"not terribly promising\" that this is a message from alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11065885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11065885\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May 2015. \u003ccite>(SAO RAS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To put things in perspective, Eric Korpela, an astronomer at UC Berkeley who is a project scientist for the SETI@home project, notes that there are millions of \"potential signals\" that have been detected from space, and that this signal was detected only once out of 39 scans. \"I was unimpressed,\" he wrote \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?nowrap=true&id=80193\">on a SETI forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now is not the time for either delight or panic, depending on your feelings about encountering alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it \u003cem>is \u003c/em>time for more investigation, Shostak says. The SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array in California has been turned toward HD 164595 since Sunday evening, looking for a repeat of the signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://meti.org/optical-seti\">METI International\u003c/a> is also using a Panama-based observatory to investigate in that direction, \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">GeekWire reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that in 1977, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2010/05/28/126510251/aliens-found-in-ohio-the-wow-signal\">astronomers detected the \"Wow\" signal\u003c/a>, an odd burst that might, possibly, have been sent by alien life-forms. But it has never been detected again, leaving scientists with little to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If things are different this time around and one of the arrays finds a repeat of the new signal, that would \"immediately spur\" follow-up research, Shostak writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, it has prompted speculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, astronomers are cautioning that this might easily be a false alarm. But if the signal \u003cem>were \u003c/em>sent from alien life in the HD 164595 system, what would that mean? There are two primary options, Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scenario is that the life-forms sent a powerful signal in all directions — a \"here I am\" sent to the universe in general. To reach us at its current strength, that would mean the planet had access to 100 billion watts of energy, \"hundreds of times more energy than all the sunlight falling on Earth,\" Shostak wrote, indicating a very advanced alien society, with capabilities far beyond ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternately, the message could have been directed at us. That's a lower energy requirement — about equal to \"the total energy consumption of all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that case, they'd have to know we're here. The system is too far away to have picked up any TV or radar from humans on Earth, \"and it's hard to understand why anyone would want to target our solar system,\" Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Russian astronomers detected an unusual radio signal last year. The SETI Institute says it's too soon to say where the signal came from -- but researchers are checking it out.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They aren't saying it's alien. But they are saying it's \"interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> — the private organization that looks for signals of extraterrestrial life — has announced that it is investigating reports of an unusual radio signal picked up by Russian astronomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal was detected on a much wider bandwidth than the SETI Institute uses in its searches, and the strength of the received signal was \"weak,\" SETI Institute astronomer Seth Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/a-seti-signal\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unusual, both in its design and its \"beam shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal \u003cem>might\u003c/em> be coming from a solar system called HD 164595, some 94 light-years away from us, Shostak wrote. It seems to be coming from that direction, at any rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That system has a star similar to ours. There's one known planet circling that star, about the size of Neptune and very close to the star. That planet doesn't seem like a good candidate for hosting life, but other planets might also be in the system, Shostak wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's no guarantee that the signal is, in fact, coming from the system. And even if it is, that doesn't mean it's definitely coming from intelligent life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomer Nick Suntzeff \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/seti-has-observed-a-strong-signal-that-may-originate-from-a-sun-like-star/\">told Ars Technica\u003c/a> that there's a \"significant chance\" it could be military — that is, coming from covert satellite communications instead of beaming to us from HD 164595.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are \"natural sources\" that could conceivably cause a wide-band signal like the one detected, Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">told GeekWire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the astronomers who first detected the signal, in May 2015, didn't immediately alert the scientific community and ask for help confirming the signal. That suggests they were not persuaded this was extraterrestrial life reaching out, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Shostak wrote on SETI's site that it's \"not terribly promising\" that this is a message from alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11065885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11065885\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May 2015. \u003ccite>(SAO RAS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To put things in perspective, Eric Korpela, an astronomer at UC Berkeley who is a project scientist for the SETI@home project, notes that there are millions of \"potential signals\" that have been detected from space, and that this signal was detected only once out of 39 scans. \"I was unimpressed,\" he wrote \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?nowrap=true&id=80193\">on a SETI forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now is not the time for either delight or panic, depending on your feelings about encountering alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it \u003cem>is \u003c/em>time for more investigation, Shostak says. The SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array in California has been turned toward HD 164595 since Sunday evening, looking for a repeat of the signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://meti.org/optical-seti\">METI International\u003c/a> is also using a Panama-based observatory to investigate in that direction, \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">GeekWire reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that in 1977, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2010/05/28/126510251/aliens-found-in-ohio-the-wow-signal\">astronomers detected the \"Wow\" signal\u003c/a>, an odd burst that might, possibly, have been sent by alien life-forms. But it has never been detected again, leaving scientists with little to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If things are different this time around and one of the arrays finds a repeat of the new signal, that would \"immediately spur\" follow-up research, Shostak writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, it has prompted speculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, astronomers are cautioning that this might easily be a false alarm. But if the signal \u003cem>were \u003c/em>sent from alien life in the HD 164595 system, what would that mean? There are two primary options, Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scenario is that the life-forms sent a powerful signal in all directions — a \"here I am\" sent to the universe in general. To reach us at its current strength, that would mean the planet had access to 100 billion watts of energy, \"hundreds of times more energy than all the sunlight falling on Earth,\" Shostak wrote, indicating a very advanced alien society, with capabilities far beyond ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternately, the message could have been directed at us. That's a lower energy requirement — about equal to \"the total energy consumption of all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that case, they'd have to know we're here. The system is too far away to have picked up any TV or radar from humans on Earth, \"and it's hard to understand why anyone would want to target our solar system,\" Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla Motors moved a step closer in its bid to buy SolarCity after federal regulators said the $2.6 billion deal doesn't present antitrust concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla announced plans to purchase the solar panel installer earlier this month, and Reuters says the Federal Trade Commission quickly signed off \"because the merging companies have few or no overlaps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Jeff Brady has more on the deal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Tesla is pursing the acquisition because on top of building cars, the company says it wants to produce the renewable energy that could power them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The deal comes as rooftop solar companies face pressure from competition and a changing regulatory landscape. Utility regulators across the country have begun reducing the subsidies designed to encourage new solar panel installations.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.solarcity.com/tesla-and-solarcity-to-combine/\">SolarCity agreed to the deal\u003c/a> amid decreased expectations of growth for the company. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-08-09/solarcity-earnings-the-ultimate-tesla-takeover-pitch\">As Bloomberg Gadfly\u003c/a> columnist Liam Denning wrote shortly after:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"SolarCity's cash balance at the end of June was less than a third the level of a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SolarCity blamed the rapid burn in the second quarter in part on Tesla's initial takeover announcement, saying it complicated getting some financing in the door by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that takeover offer is a lifeline, albeit a qualified one. Until Tesla made its announcement, SolarCity's stock had joined its peers in a downhill run this year.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January, Brady reported that the company would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/13/462883585/solar-firms-stop-selling-panels-in-nevada-to-protest-state-rule-change\">cut more than 500 jobs\u003c/a> after Nevada regulators \"increased a fee for solar customers and reduced how much utilities pay for excess power sold back to the grid.\" And just this week, SolarCity announced layoffs for 108 employees at two of its California offices in anticipation of the Tesla deal, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_30280720/solarcity-lay-off-108-workers-san-mateo-san\">the Mercury News\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report came a day after Tesla CEO Elon Musk — who is SolarCity's chairman, its largest shareholder and a cousin of founders Lyndon and Peter Rive — announced his plan to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-solarcity-debt-idUSKCN10Y2G6\">purchase $65 million in bonds\u003c/a> from SolarCity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Federal Trade Commission signed off on Tesla's plan to buy the solar panel installer. CEO Elon Musk is SolarCity's chairman and its largest shareholder.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla Motors moved a step closer in its bid to buy SolarCity after federal regulators said the $2.6 billion deal doesn't present antitrust concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla announced plans to purchase the solar panel installer earlier this month, and Reuters says the Federal Trade Commission quickly signed off \"because the merging companies have few or no overlaps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Jeff Brady has more on the deal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Tesla is pursing the acquisition because on top of building cars, the company says it wants to produce the renewable energy that could power them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The deal comes as rooftop solar companies face pressure from competition and a changing regulatory landscape. Utility regulators across the country have begun reducing the subsidies designed to encourage new solar panel installations.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.solarcity.com/tesla-and-solarcity-to-combine/\">SolarCity agreed to the deal\u003c/a> amid decreased expectations of growth for the company. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-08-09/solarcity-earnings-the-ultimate-tesla-takeover-pitch\">As Bloomberg Gadfly\u003c/a> columnist Liam Denning wrote shortly after:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"SolarCity's cash balance at the end of June was less than a third the level of a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SolarCity blamed the rapid burn in the second quarter in part on Tesla's initial takeover announcement, saying it complicated getting some financing in the door by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that takeover offer is a lifeline, albeit a qualified one. Until Tesla made its announcement, SolarCity's stock had joined its peers in a downhill run this year.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January, Brady reported that the company would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/13/462883585/solar-firms-stop-selling-panels-in-nevada-to-protest-state-rule-change\">cut more than 500 jobs\u003c/a> after Nevada regulators \"increased a fee for solar customers and reduced how much utilities pay for excess power sold back to the grid.\" And just this week, SolarCity announced layoffs for 108 employees at two of its California offices in anticipation of the Tesla deal, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_30280720/solarcity-lay-off-108-workers-san-mateo-san\">the Mercury News\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report came a day after Tesla CEO Elon Musk — who is SolarCity's chairman, its largest shareholder and a cousin of founders Lyndon and Peter Rive — announced his plan to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-solarcity-debt-idUSKCN10Y2G6\">purchase $65 million in bonds\u003c/a> from SolarCity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Firefighters Contain Blue Cut Fire, Grapple With Other Blazes",
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"content": "\u003cp>Firefighters have reached full containment of a blaze east of Los Angeles that forced tens of thousands to evacuate their homes. At the same time, multiple wildfires continued to challenge crews throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Department of Forestry and Fire Information declared \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4962/\">the Blue Cut Fire\u003c/a> 100 percent contained Tuesday — but not before the 36,000-acre fire destroyed nearly 100 homes and forced the evacuation of 80,000 people in San Bernardino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Saturday, crews had largely contained the blaze, allowing the lifting of evacuation orders \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/20/490739379/photos-firefighters-gain-ground-on-californias-blue-cut-wildfire\"> for many residents\u003c/a>. NPR's Nathan Rott says more than 300 crews were pulled off the fire as it dwindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CALFIRE_PIO/status/768104511562932224\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Attention is turning from that fire ... toward others,\" Rott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 10,000 fire personnel are battling six major wildfires, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1389\">the Chimney Fire\u003c/a>, which is burning in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CALFIRE_PIO/status/767519722778693632\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inferno has already consumed 53 structures and 37,101 acres in Central California near Hearst Castle, built by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, now a tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the California Parks Department announced the property's closure owing to poor air quality. \u003ca href=\"http://hearstcastle.org/\">It remains closed\u003c/a> through the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 4,000 fire personnel are working on that fire, which is considered 35 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the long-burning \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1348\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained. The fire has been burning for a month and has consumed some 87,000 acres north of Big Sur. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">At least one death\u003c/a> has been attributed to the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just west of Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4971/\">the Rey Fire \u003c/a>is burning through wilderness in Santa Barbara County. So far, 27,000 acres have burned. That fire is 30 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Crews surrounded the San Bernardino County fire Tuesday. Meanwhile, multiple wildfires continue to bedevil crews, including one near Hearst Castle.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Firefighters have reached full containment of a blaze east of Los Angeles that forced tens of thousands to evacuate their homes. At the same time, multiple wildfires continued to challenge crews throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Department of Forestry and Fire Information declared \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4962/\">the Blue Cut Fire\u003c/a> 100 percent contained Tuesday — but not before the 36,000-acre fire destroyed nearly 100 homes and forced the evacuation of 80,000 people in San Bernardino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Saturday, crews had largely contained the blaze, allowing the lifting of evacuation orders \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/20/490739379/photos-firefighters-gain-ground-on-californias-blue-cut-wildfire\"> for many residents\u003c/a>. NPR's Nathan Rott says more than 300 crews were pulled off the fire as it dwindled.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Attention is turning from that fire ... toward others,\" Rott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 10,000 fire personnel are battling six major wildfires, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1389\">the Chimney Fire\u003c/a>, which is burning in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>That inferno has already consumed 53 structures and 37,101 acres in Central California near Hearst Castle, built by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, now a tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the California Parks Department announced the property's closure owing to poor air quality. \u003ca href=\"http://hearstcastle.org/\">It remains closed\u003c/a> through the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 4,000 fire personnel are working on that fire, which is considered 35 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the long-burning \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1348\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained. The fire has been burning for a month and has consumed some 87,000 acres north of Big Sur. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">At least one death\u003c/a> has been attributed to the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just west of Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4971/\">the Rey Fire \u003c/a>is burning through wilderness in Santa Barbara County. So far, 27,000 acres have burned. That fire is 30 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Doctors Get Disciplined for Misconduct; Drug Firms Keep Paying Them",
"title": "Doctors Get Disciplined for Misconduct; Drug Firms Keep Paying Them",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of pharmaceutical and medical device companies continue to pay doctors as promotional speakers and advisers after they've been disciplined for serious misconduct, according to an analysis by ProPublica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such company is medical device maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.stryker.com/en-us/index.htm\">Stryker Corp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2015, New York's Board for Professional Medical Conduct accused orthopedic surgeon \u003ca href=\"http://w3.health.state.ny.us/opmc/factions.nsf/0522fed2dd2160ff852568c0004e894a/fc1d406677036c8985257d340051e453/%24FILE/BRD%20247904.pdf\">Alexios Apazidis\u003c/a> of improperly prescribing pain medications to 28 of his patients. The board fined him $50,000 and placed him on three years' probation, requiring that a monitor keep an eye on his practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this, Stryker paid Apazidis more than $14,000 in consulting fees, plus travel expenses, in the last half of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker paid another orthopedic surgeon, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5CDIDOCS%5C20131002%5CDMRAAAEC2%5C&did=AAAEC131003000402683.DID&licenseType=G&licenseNumber=86439\">Mohammad Diab\u003c/a> of San Francisco, more than $16,000 for consulting and travel, even though California's medical board had disciplined him for having a two-year-long inappropriate sexual relationship with a patient, whose two children he also treated. He was suspended from practice for 60 days, required to seek psychological treatment and given seven years' probation. He is still required to have a third party present while seeing female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Apazidis nor Diab returned emails or calls seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker officials also would not answer questions. The company is one of more than at least 400 pharmaceutical and medical device makers that have made payments to doctors after they were disciplined by their state medical boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica reviewed disciplinary records for doctors in five states — California, Texas, New York, Florida and New Jersey — and checked them against data released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on company payments to doctors. That included payments for things like speaking, consulting, education, travel and gifts, but not for meals, as these often don't reflect a formal relationship between companies and doctors. (The database can be searched on ProPublica's \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">Dollars for Docs\u003c/a> tool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the analysis identified at least 2,300 doctors who received industry payments between August 2013 and December 2015 despite histories of misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many doctors were sanctioned for minor offenses such as failing to attend required continuing medical education courses, hundreds were disciplined for more severe offenses, including providing poor care, inappropriately prescribing addictive medications, bilking public insurance programs and even sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 40 physicians had their licenses revoked or surrendered them, in most cases permanently. More than 180 had their licenses temporarily suspended or restricted. Almost 250 were placed on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry's relationships with sanctioned physicians have come under scrutiny before. In 2010, ProPublica analyzed payments by seven drug companies that had been required to make them public, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/dollars-to-doctors-physician-disciplinary-records\">finding 250 recipients\u003c/a> who had been disciplined, many for serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that article, companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and AstraZeneca \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/pharma-payments-to-doctors-with-sanctions\">promised to revise\u003c/a> their screening processes for doctors they pay for services. Still, even drug and device makers that profess confidence in how they vet doctors today offer few details on what checks they run or whether they flagged the disciplinary cases ProPublica identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Device company Arthrex doesn't hire doctors who \"do not possess the proper credentials and licensure for the task assigned,\" said spokeswoman Lisa Gardiner. She acknowledged, however, that the company checks the status of doctors only when their contracts begin, not annually as some companies do. A Florida doctor Arthrex hired in 2013 surrendered his license in 2014, but Arthrex paid him almost $7,500 in consulting fees after that, records show. While his contract obliged him to inform Arthrex if his licensure status changed, Gardiner said he never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the industry trade group, wouldn't comment on the vetting processes of specific companies or whether there should be an industrywide standard for such checks. Spokeswoman Holly Campbell said in an email that companies typically check lists of doctors barred from doing business with the government and confirm doctors' \"general medical expertise, reputation and knowledge regarding a particular disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry payments to doctors are legal as long as they are not an inducement to use a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell defends the benefits of such financial ties, saying they compensate doctors for providing crucial feedback on products and help doctors teach their colleagues about what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of industry payments to doctors say they can influence recipients to prescribe drugs that cost more, may not be necessary or are similar to cheaper generics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Rosen, co-founder of the Association for Medical Ethics, which seeks to reduce manufacturers' influence on doctors, says he was not surprised to hear that disciplined doctors are among the industry's consultants and speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's crystal clear that their fiduciary duty is not to educate physicians and make public welfare better. It's to sell a product,\" Rosen says. \"I think they'd pay the devil if no one knows and he sells a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that were making payments to disciplined doctors in 2010 appear to still do so, ProPublica found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson paid Dr. Michael Reiss of New Jersey $85,000 for consulting through its pharmaceutical arm, Janssen, in December 2015. He'd just regained full use of his medical license that August; it had been suspended since 2012 because \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\">he'd pleaded guilty\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\"> in federal court\u003c/a> to hiding $2.5 million from the IRS in Swiss bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached by phone, Reiss said that Janssen had performed a background check, but couldn't recall whether his disciplinary history had come up as part of his interview process. \"Apparently it wasn't an issue; they hired me,\" he said. Reiss said he is retired from practice aside from his consulting work, but declined to say what this consists of or whether he does work for Janssen or any other company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janssen spokeswoman Meredith Sharp says the company's contracts require doctors to have active medical licenses, and that it conducts \"additional reviews to verify eligibility\" and requires doctors to disclose changes in status. \"We are committed to working with the most qualified individuals,\" Sharp says. \"We are looking at the information you provided to determine if there is opportunity to further improve our process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AstraZeneca paid Miltiadis Leon, a Texas physician, more than $26,000 in 2014 and 2015, mostly for speaking fees and travel expenses. In 2006, the doctor's license\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/documents/item/3027862-Miltiadis-Leon-1.html\"> was limited\u003c/a> after he was found to have sexually harassed and inappropriately touched several female patients and staff members. He was not allowed to see female patients without a chaperone for two years. Leon referred ProPublica to his attorney, who said he would speak to his client, but then did not return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, AstraZeneca spokeswoman Abigail Bozarth said doctors with whom the company has financial relationships are reviewed both by an external organization and by the company's own compliance department. Bozarth said the process includes checks of government databases, including discipline by state medical boards, but would not respond to inquiries specifically about Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, drug company Eli Lilly, which was flagged by ProPublica in 2010 for paying disciplined doctors, has made only a few recent payments to doctors with disciplinary records and none to those with serious issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Mark Taylor says the company began using a third-party vendor in 2013 to conduct background checks and screen out doctors who had faced sanctions. Doctors flagged during this process are referred to an internal committee at Eli Lilly for a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to these changes, the company conducted its own checks and looked exclusively at federal databases, not state-level discipline. \"So we could have been missing some actions or sanctions,\" says Taylor. This realization, he adds, \"was kind of a big 'aha' moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Lilly now checks the licenses of all doctors the company considers for hire against federal databases and in all 50 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug maker Boehringer Ingelheim, by contrast, checks only federal databases on an annual basis. Its contracts with physicians require doctors to attest that they are in good standing with their state boards, but the company does not independently check for state-level discipline unless it has \"received information to suggest a speaker or consultant was not being truthful,\" says spokeswoman Erin Crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novo Nordisk spokeswoman Marisa Sharkey describes a similar process, adding that the company checks state disciplinary databases \"as needed.\" It requires doctors to inform the company if they have been disciplined or if they are placed on a list barring them from receiving government contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Does your doctor accept payments from pharmaceutical and medical device companies? Find out using\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">\u003cem>Dollars for Docs\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 ProPublica. To see more, visit \u003ca>ProPublica\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Get+Disciplined+For+Misconduct%3B+Drug+Firms+Keep+Paying+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of pharmaceutical and medical device companies continue to pay doctors as promotional speakers and advisers after they've been disciplined for serious misconduct, according to an analysis by ProPublica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such company is medical device maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.stryker.com/en-us/index.htm\">Stryker Corp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2015, New York's Board for Professional Medical Conduct accused orthopedic surgeon \u003ca href=\"http://w3.health.state.ny.us/opmc/factions.nsf/0522fed2dd2160ff852568c0004e894a/fc1d406677036c8985257d340051e453/%24FILE/BRD%20247904.pdf\">Alexios Apazidis\u003c/a> of improperly prescribing pain medications to 28 of his patients. The board fined him $50,000 and placed him on three years' probation, requiring that a monitor keep an eye on his practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this, Stryker paid Apazidis more than $14,000 in consulting fees, plus travel expenses, in the last half of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker paid another orthopedic surgeon, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5CDIDOCS%5C20131002%5CDMRAAAEC2%5C&did=AAAEC131003000402683.DID&licenseType=G&licenseNumber=86439\">Mohammad Diab\u003c/a> of San Francisco, more than $16,000 for consulting and travel, even though California's medical board had disciplined him for having a two-year-long inappropriate sexual relationship with a patient, whose two children he also treated. He was suspended from practice for 60 days, required to seek psychological treatment and given seven years' probation. He is still required to have a third party present while seeing female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Apazidis nor Diab returned emails or calls seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker officials also would not answer questions. The company is one of more than at least 400 pharmaceutical and medical device makers that have made payments to doctors after they were disciplined by their state medical boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica reviewed disciplinary records for doctors in five states — California, Texas, New York, Florida and New Jersey — and checked them against data released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on company payments to doctors. That included payments for things like speaking, consulting, education, travel and gifts, but not for meals, as these often don't reflect a formal relationship between companies and doctors. (The database can be searched on ProPublica's \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">Dollars for Docs\u003c/a> tool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the analysis identified at least 2,300 doctors who received industry payments between August 2013 and December 2015 despite histories of misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many doctors were sanctioned for minor offenses such as failing to attend required continuing medical education courses, hundreds were disciplined for more severe offenses, including providing poor care, inappropriately prescribing addictive medications, bilking public insurance programs and even sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 40 physicians had their licenses revoked or surrendered them, in most cases permanently. More than 180 had their licenses temporarily suspended or restricted. Almost 250 were placed on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry's relationships with sanctioned physicians have come under scrutiny before. In 2010, ProPublica analyzed payments by seven drug companies that had been required to make them public, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/dollars-to-doctors-physician-disciplinary-records\">finding 250 recipients\u003c/a> who had been disciplined, many for serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that article, companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and AstraZeneca \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/pharma-payments-to-doctors-with-sanctions\">promised to revise\u003c/a> their screening processes for doctors they pay for services. Still, even drug and device makers that profess confidence in how they vet doctors today offer few details on what checks they run or whether they flagged the disciplinary cases ProPublica identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Device company Arthrex doesn't hire doctors who \"do not possess the proper credentials and licensure for the task assigned,\" said spokeswoman Lisa Gardiner. She acknowledged, however, that the company checks the status of doctors only when their contracts begin, not annually as some companies do. A Florida doctor Arthrex hired in 2013 surrendered his license in 2014, but Arthrex paid him almost $7,500 in consulting fees after that, records show. While his contract obliged him to inform Arthrex if his licensure status changed, Gardiner said he never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the industry trade group, wouldn't comment on the vetting processes of specific companies or whether there should be an industrywide standard for such checks. Spokeswoman Holly Campbell said in an email that companies typically check lists of doctors barred from doing business with the government and confirm doctors' \"general medical expertise, reputation and knowledge regarding a particular disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry payments to doctors are legal as long as they are not an inducement to use a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell defends the benefits of such financial ties, saying they compensate doctors for providing crucial feedback on products and help doctors teach their colleagues about what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of industry payments to doctors say they can influence recipients to prescribe drugs that cost more, may not be necessary or are similar to cheaper generics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Rosen, co-founder of the Association for Medical Ethics, which seeks to reduce manufacturers' influence on doctors, says he was not surprised to hear that disciplined doctors are among the industry's consultants and speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's crystal clear that their fiduciary duty is not to educate physicians and make public welfare better. It's to sell a product,\" Rosen says. \"I think they'd pay the devil if no one knows and he sells a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that were making payments to disciplined doctors in 2010 appear to still do so, ProPublica found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson paid Dr. Michael Reiss of New Jersey $85,000 for consulting through its pharmaceutical arm, Janssen, in December 2015. He'd just regained full use of his medical license that August; it had been suspended since 2012 because \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\">he'd pleaded guilty\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\"> in federal court\u003c/a> to hiding $2.5 million from the IRS in Swiss bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached by phone, Reiss said that Janssen had performed a background check, but couldn't recall whether his disciplinary history had come up as part of his interview process. \"Apparently it wasn't an issue; they hired me,\" he said. Reiss said he is retired from practice aside from his consulting work, but declined to say what this consists of or whether he does work for Janssen or any other company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janssen spokeswoman Meredith Sharp says the company's contracts require doctors to have active medical licenses, and that it conducts \"additional reviews to verify eligibility\" and requires doctors to disclose changes in status. \"We are committed to working with the most qualified individuals,\" Sharp says. \"We are looking at the information you provided to determine if there is opportunity to further improve our process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AstraZeneca paid Miltiadis Leon, a Texas physician, more than $26,000 in 2014 and 2015, mostly for speaking fees and travel expenses. In 2006, the doctor's license\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/documents/item/3027862-Miltiadis-Leon-1.html\"> was limited\u003c/a> after he was found to have sexually harassed and inappropriately touched several female patients and staff members. He was not allowed to see female patients without a chaperone for two years. Leon referred ProPublica to his attorney, who said he would speak to his client, but then did not return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, AstraZeneca spokeswoman Abigail Bozarth said doctors with whom the company has financial relationships are reviewed both by an external organization and by the company's own compliance department. Bozarth said the process includes checks of government databases, including discipline by state medical boards, but would not respond to inquiries specifically about Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, drug company Eli Lilly, which was flagged by ProPublica in 2010 for paying disciplined doctors, has made only a few recent payments to doctors with disciplinary records and none to those with serious issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Mark Taylor says the company began using a third-party vendor in 2013 to conduct background checks and screen out doctors who had faced sanctions. Doctors flagged during this process are referred to an internal committee at Eli Lilly for a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to these changes, the company conducted its own checks and looked exclusively at federal databases, not state-level discipline. \"So we could have been missing some actions or sanctions,\" says Taylor. This realization, he adds, \"was kind of a big 'aha' moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Lilly now checks the licenses of all doctors the company considers for hire against federal databases and in all 50 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug maker Boehringer Ingelheim, by contrast, checks only federal databases on an annual basis. Its contracts with physicians require doctors to attest that they are in good standing with their state boards, but the company does not independently check for state-level discipline unless it has \"received information to suggest a speaker or consultant was not being truthful,\" says spokeswoman Erin Crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novo Nordisk spokeswoman Marisa Sharkey describes a similar process, adding that the company checks state disciplinary databases \"as needed.\" It requires doctors to inform the company if they have been disciplined or if they are placed on a list barring them from receiving government contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Does your doctor accept payments from pharmaceutical and medical device companies? Find out using\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">\u003cem>Dollars for Docs\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 ProPublica. To see more, visit \u003ca>ProPublica\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Get+Disciplined+For+Misconduct%3B+Drug+Firms+Keep+Paying+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Uber is plowing ahead with its ambitious plan to make self-driving cars a reality. The company will run an experiment in Pittsburgh, rolling out the first-ever self-driving fleet that's available to everyday customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Self-Driving Car Tourism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber won't specify exactly how many self-driving cars will hit the streets. But in the next few weeks, if you're in Pittsburgh and use your app, you might land in one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pittsburgh is going to have some self-driving car tourism. That's exciting for them,\" says Bryant Walker Smith, an assistant professor at the University of South Carolina who monitors law and policy developments in autonomous technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Uber staff member (an engineer or specially trained driver) will be inside, as the human co-pilot. So, to be clear, it's not a car without a human. \"If we were putting this in terms of a tightrope walk, there would definitely be a net,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving cars -- whether Tesla Model S or Google cars -- are easy to spot in the San Francisco Bay Area. In other cities, even though they are on the roads, they're less visible. And to some people, they're scary. Earlier this summer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/01/484284728/after-deadly-crash-safety-officials-will-examine-teslas-autopilot-mode\">a man died\u003c/a> in a Tesla that crashed while on autopilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move in Pittsburgh could intensify fears, or assuage them. The mayor is a regular Uber user. Now he and others will experience the technology firsthand, as something less exotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to the public, and involving them in that conversation, making a safety case for the technology in a very direct, visceral way, is going to help the broader pubic public perceptions of these systems,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Message to Drivers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Uber's message to passengers is friendly, the one to the company's drivers is less so, according to Smith. \"It's not every day that a company so publicly and aggressively and openly says 'we want to replace our workforce. We want to put people out of a job. We want to put our people out of a job.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has 1.5 million drivers worldwide, 600,000 in the U.S. Asked what the message is to drivers -- people who might hear this news and worry about their livelihood -- Uber says in an email to NPR that: self-driving cars are a ways away; a hybrid vehicle that is self-driving, but also needs a human, will likely win; and that human drivers will probably be necessary for tough routes (e.g., windy country roads) if the technology hasn't evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Close Is the Technology?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of progress is hotly debated. Experts have wildly different projections about when self-driving cars will be ready for prime time without human drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raj Rajkumar, an engineer at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, says, \"We are at least 10 years away from technology being reliable enough to replace humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Shladover, an engineering professor at UC Berkeley, puts it at 60 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Ng, a leader at the Chinese tech giant Baidu, is far more optimistic. He says they'll have cars that need no human hand-holding by 2018 for commercial purposes (like food delivery), and by 2020 for the mass market. They've just \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/17/490406911/ford-looks-to-a-fleet-of-driverless-cars\" target=\"_blank\">partnered with Ford\u003c/a> to work on autonomous tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shladover is skeptical. \"There is a marketing war of words going on right now because each company wants to give the impression they're more advanced than anybody else.\" In a recent essay in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-self-driving-cars-will-really-look-like/\">Scientific American\u003c/a>, he argues the industry is churning out hype and has big hurdles to overcome to get self-driving cars to be as safe as human drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajkumar says the Uber cars will have a lot to learn about local roads, and quirky customs like the so-called \"Pittsburgh left turn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cars are at a traffic light, the light turns green, and you are the first car in line that wants to turn left, he explains, \"you basically get to first, before vehicles going straight from the opposite direction.\" It's only the first left-turning car -- not the others, just the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the self-driving car will have to program in that fact and maneuver the city's many bridges and snowy winters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber is plowing ahead with its ambitious plan to make self-driving cars a reality. The company will run an experiment in Pittsburgh, rolling out the first-ever self-driving fleet that's available to everyday customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Self-Driving Car Tourism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber won't specify exactly how many self-driving cars will hit the streets. But in the next few weeks, if you're in Pittsburgh and use your app, you might land in one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pittsburgh is going to have some self-driving car tourism. That's exciting for them,\" says Bryant Walker Smith, an assistant professor at the University of South Carolina who monitors law and policy developments in autonomous technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Uber staff member (an engineer or specially trained driver) will be inside, as the human co-pilot. So, to be clear, it's not a car without a human. \"If we were putting this in terms of a tightrope walk, there would definitely be a net,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving cars -- whether Tesla Model S or Google cars -- are easy to spot in the San Francisco Bay Area. In other cities, even though they are on the roads, they're less visible. And to some people, they're scary. Earlier this summer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/01/484284728/after-deadly-crash-safety-officials-will-examine-teslas-autopilot-mode\">a man died\u003c/a> in a Tesla that crashed while on autopilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move in Pittsburgh could intensify fears, or assuage them. The mayor is a regular Uber user. Now he and others will experience the technology firsthand, as something less exotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to the public, and involving them in that conversation, making a safety case for the technology in a very direct, visceral way, is going to help the broader pubic public perceptions of these systems,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Message to Drivers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Uber's message to passengers is friendly, the one to the company's drivers is less so, according to Smith. \"It's not every day that a company so publicly and aggressively and openly says 'we want to replace our workforce. We want to put people out of a job. We want to put our people out of a job.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has 1.5 million drivers worldwide, 600,000 in the U.S. Asked what the message is to drivers -- people who might hear this news and worry about their livelihood -- Uber says in an email to NPR that: self-driving cars are a ways away; a hybrid vehicle that is self-driving, but also needs a human, will likely win; and that human drivers will probably be necessary for tough routes (e.g., windy country roads) if the technology hasn't evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Close Is the Technology?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of progress is hotly debated. Experts have wildly different projections about when self-driving cars will be ready for prime time without human drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raj Rajkumar, an engineer at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, says, \"We are at least 10 years away from technology being reliable enough to replace humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Shladover, an engineering professor at UC Berkeley, puts it at 60 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Ng, a leader at the Chinese tech giant Baidu, is far more optimistic. He says they'll have cars that need no human hand-holding by 2018 for commercial purposes (like food delivery), and by 2020 for the mass market. They've just \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/17/490406911/ford-looks-to-a-fleet-of-driverless-cars\" target=\"_blank\">partnered with Ford\u003c/a> to work on autonomous tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shladover is skeptical. \"There is a marketing war of words going on right now because each company wants to give the impression they're more advanced than anybody else.\" In a recent essay in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-self-driving-cars-will-really-look-like/\">Scientific American\u003c/a>, he argues the industry is churning out hype and has big hurdles to overcome to get self-driving cars to be as safe as human drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajkumar says the Uber cars will have a lot to learn about local roads, and quirky customs like the so-called \"Pittsburgh left turn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cars are at a traffic light, the light turns green, and you are the first car in line that wants to turn left, he explains, \"you basically get to first, before vehicles going straight from the opposite direction.\" It's only the first left-turning car -- not the others, just the first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the self-driving car will have to program in that fact and maneuver the city's many bridges and snowy winters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Surveillance Stills From Border Patrol Facilities Show Crowded, Trash-Filled Cells",
"title": "Surveillance Stills From Border Patrol Facilities Show Crowded, Trash-Filled Cells",
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"content": "\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/litigation/challenging-unconstitutional-conditions-cbp-detention-facilities\" target=\"_blank\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> against U.S. Customs and Border Protection, new images from surveillance video have been released to the public that show detained immigrants crowded into cramped concrete holding cells in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers arguing on behalf of detained immigrants said the images help prove allegations that the use of the holding cells is unconstitutional, and the Arizona Republic newspaper stepped in to request that the images be released to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Border Patrol did not directly address the photos, but said in a statement that it is 'committed to the safety, security and welfare of those in our custody, especially those who are most vulnerable.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. had argued that releasing the images \"would violate privacy rights of migrants and Border Patrol and could raise security concerns,\" the Associated Press writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images were \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/border-issues/2016/08/18/first-look-inside-border-patrols-crowded-dirty-holding-cells/88926270/\" target=\"_blank\">released Thursday\u003c/a> on the order of a federal judge. All faces in the stills have been blacked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holding cells were designed to be used for temporary holding -- a period of hours. The American Immigration Council \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/detained_beyond_the_limit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">analyzed Border Patrol data\u003c/a> and concluded that from September 2014 to August 2015, two-thirds of immigrants detained in Border Patrol facilities in the Southwest were held for more than 24 hours, and tens of thousands of people were held for more than three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of the cells show people crowded together in concrete cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several images show prisoners sitting or sleeping on bare floors with no mats available to them -- even when there are unused mats in empty cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055383\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85-800x645.jpg\" alt=\"Various surveillance images from August 2015 at a Border Patrol holding facility in Tucson show men crowded into a few cells and lying on concrete with no mats, while other cells are empty and contain unused mats. Plaintiffs in a lawsuit over the use of such holding centers point out water being stored in toilet areas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"645\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055383\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85-400x323.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various surveillance images from August 2015 at a Border Patrol holding facility in Tucson show men crowded into a few cells and lying on concrete with no mats, while other cells are empty and contain unused mats. Plaintiffs in a lawsuit over the use of such holding centers point out water being stored in toilet areas. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One image shows a woman changing a baby on a concrete floor strewn with trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055385\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85-800x642.jpg\" alt=\"In September 2015, a woman changes a child's diaper on a Mylar sheet in a dirty concrete cell.\" width=\"800\" height=\"642\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In September 2015, a woman changes a child's diaper on a Mylar sheet in a dirty concrete cell. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the pictures show detained immigrants wrapping themselves in shiny Mylar sheets for warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's John Burnett has reported, immigrants call the group holding cells \"la hieleras\" -- the freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concrete cells are used by the Border Patrol to house adult and underage immigrants for days or weeks while they're being processed into U.S. immigration courts,\" Burnett explained in 2014. At the time, he was reporting on claims of abusive and inhumane treatment by the Border Patrol in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055387\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"Men at a Border Patrol facility in Douglas, Arizona, sleep on concrete floors and benches, with several men crowded under one Mylar sheet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men at a Border Patrol facility in Douglas, Arizona, sleep on concrete floors and benches, with several men crowded under one Mylar sheet.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After being kept in the holding cells, immigrants \"are usually deported or transferred to the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which has long-term detention centers,\" the Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eldon Vail, a former corrections administrator serving as an expert for the plaintiffs, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/documents/206-2_Vail%20dec.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">said in court documents\u003c/a> that in his opinion the use of the holding cells, as shown in the images, causes unnecessary harm and poses a risk to the people detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that some of the surveillance stills show people \"crammed so tightly, they look like sardines in a can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704.jpg\" alt=\"Detained immigrants, wrapped in Mylar sheets, lie crowded together on concrete floors and benches in a cell in Tucson in August 2015.\" width=\"709\" height=\"474\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11055376\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704.jpg 709w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detained immigrants, wrapped in Mylar sheets, lie crowded together on concrete floors and benches in a cell in Tucson in August 2015. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vail also noted the absence of \"even a modicum of privacy\" for detainees using the toilet, located in clear view of the rest of the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees were being housed in \"conditions that are unnecessarily harsh, dangerous and contrary to accepted industry practices and standards,\" he concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports that the Border Patrol did not directly address the photos, but said in a statement that it is \"committed to the safety, security and welfare of those in our custody, especially those who are most vulnerable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055377\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"At the Border Patrol's Naco detention facility, adults and children sit in a cell with Mylar sheets and no mats\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-800x597.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-400x298.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9.jpg 914w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Border Patrol's Naco detention facility, adults and children sit in a cell with Mylar sheets and no mats \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/litigation/challenging-unconstitutional-conditions-cbp-detention-facilities\" target=\"_blank\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> against U.S. Customs and Border Protection, new images from surveillance video have been released to the public that show detained immigrants crowded into cramped concrete holding cells in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers arguing on behalf of detained immigrants said the images help prove allegations that the use of the holding cells is unconstitutional, and the Arizona Republic newspaper stepped in to request that the images be released to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Border Patrol did not directly address the photos, but said in a statement that it is 'committed to the safety, security and welfare of those in our custody, especially those who are most vulnerable.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. had argued that releasing the images \"would violate privacy rights of migrants and Border Patrol and could raise security concerns,\" the Associated Press writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images were \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/border-issues/2016/08/18/first-look-inside-border-patrols-crowded-dirty-holding-cells/88926270/\" target=\"_blank\">released Thursday\u003c/a> on the order of a federal judge. All faces in the stills have been blacked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holding cells were designed to be used for temporary holding -- a period of hours. The American Immigration Council \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/detained_beyond_the_limit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">analyzed Border Patrol data\u003c/a> and concluded that from September 2014 to August 2015, two-thirds of immigrants detained in Border Patrol facilities in the Southwest were held for more than 24 hours, and tens of thousands of people were held for more than three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of the cells show people crowded together in concrete cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several images show prisoners sitting or sleeping on bare floors with no mats available to them -- even when there are unused mats in empty cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055383\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85-800x645.jpg\" alt=\"Various surveillance images from August 2015 at a Border Patrol holding facility in Tucson show men crowded into a few cells and lying on concrete with no mats, while other cells are empty and contain unused mats. Plaintiffs in a lawsuit over the use of such holding centers point out water being stored in toilet areas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"645\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055383\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp2_custom-27702c72580a493f3c8dde1f61340928ce750235-s800-c85-400x323.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various surveillance images from August 2015 at a Border Patrol holding facility in Tucson show men crowded into a few cells and lying on concrete with no mats, while other cells are empty and contain unused mats. Plaintiffs in a lawsuit over the use of such holding centers point out water being stored in toilet areas. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One image shows a woman changing a baby on a concrete floor strewn with trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055385\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85-800x642.jpg\" alt=\"In September 2015, a woman changes a child's diaper on a Mylar sheet in a dirty concrete cell.\" width=\"800\" height=\"642\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb3_custom-b1e8de64a9ee56d0bbed8e4e946c7215ef7bc607-s800-c85-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In September 2015, a woman changes a child's diaper on a Mylar sheet in a dirty concrete cell. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the pictures show detained immigrants wrapping themselves in shiny Mylar sheets for warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's John Burnett has reported, immigrants call the group holding cells \"la hieleras\" -- the freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concrete cells are used by the Border Patrol to house adult and underage immigrants for days or weeks while they're being processed into U.S. immigration courts,\" Burnett explained in 2014. At the time, he was reporting on claims of abusive and inhumane treatment by the Border Patrol in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055387\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"Men at a Border Patrol facility in Douglas, Arizona, sleep on concrete floors and benches, with several men crowded under one Mylar sheet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb6_custom-ce6886c11202bfdde1a5d4e34a2dec36bb226b1b-s800-c85-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men at a Border Patrol facility in Douglas, Arizona, sleep on concrete floors and benches, with several men crowded under one Mylar sheet.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After being kept in the holding cells, immigrants \"are usually deported or transferred to the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which has long-term detention centers,\" the Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eldon Vail, a former corrections administrator serving as an expert for the plaintiffs, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/documents/206-2_Vail%20dec.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">said in court documents\u003c/a> that in his opinion the use of the holding cells, as shown in the images, causes unnecessary harm and poses a risk to the people detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that some of the surveillance stills show people \"crammed so tightly, they look like sardines in a can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704.jpg\" alt=\"Detained immigrants, wrapped in Mylar sheets, lie crowded together on concrete floors and benches in a cell in Tucson in August 2015.\" width=\"709\" height=\"474\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11055376\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704.jpg 709w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cpb5_custom-be0cf912db8bef593e5f28c00524c6c950479704-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detained immigrants, wrapped in Mylar sheets, lie crowded together on concrete floors and benches in a cell in Tucson in August 2015. \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vail also noted the absence of \"even a modicum of privacy\" for detainees using the toilet, located in clear view of the rest of the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees were being housed in \"conditions that are unnecessarily harsh, dangerous and contrary to accepted industry practices and standards,\" he concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports that the Border Patrol did not directly address the photos, but said in a statement that it is \"committed to the safety, security and welfare of those in our custody, especially those who are most vulnerable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11055377\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"At the Border Patrol's Naco detention facility, adults and children sit in a cell with Mylar sheets and no mats\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11055377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-800x597.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9-400x298.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/cbp7_custom-19b2aafc03163339989b24cb8a842de862b81ca9.jpg 914w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Border Patrol's Naco detention facility, adults and children sit in a cell with Mylar sheets and no mats \u003ccite>(CBP/American Immigration Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Justice Department Will Phase Out Its Use of Private Prisons",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Justice Department officials plan to phase out their use of private prisons to house federal inmates, reasoning that the contract facilities offer few benefits for public safety or taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making the decision, Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates cited new findings by the Justice Department's inspector general, who concluded earlier this month that a pool of 14 privately contracted prisons reported more incidents of inmate contraband, higher rates of assaults and more uses of force than facilities run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They simply do not provide the same level of correctional services, programs and resources; they do not save substantially on costs; and ... they do not maintain the same level of safety and security,\" Yates wrote in a memo Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their peak, contract prisons housed approximately 30,000 federal inmates. By May 2017, that number will have dropped by more than half, to 14,000, Yates wrote. The Bureau of Prisons tends to use contract facilities to confine inmates who require only low security and who tend to be in the country illegally. The U.S. government spent $639 million on those facilities in fiscal year 2014, according to the Inspector General report, in payments to three companies: Corrections Corporation of America, GEO Group, and Management and Training Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announcement will not touch the vast majority of prisoners in the country who are incarcerated by state and local authorities. But federal officials hope their decision will be a model across the correctional field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the DOJ declined to renew a contract for 1,200 prison beds in a private facility. And it is making changes to a new contract bid to reduce the size of demand there, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/blog/phasing-out-our-use-private-prisons\">blog post to department employees\u003c/a>, the deputy attorney general pointed out that the federal prison population has been dropping overall, to fewer than 195,000 inmates, because of a shift in how low-level, nonviolent drug criminals are treated. Yates did not shut the door on demand for private contract facilities in the future, however, and a new presidential administration could handle the issue differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Mauer, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sentencingproject.org/\">The Sentencing Project\u003c/a>, nonetheless said the Justice Department announcement represented a \"major milestone in the movement away from mass incarceration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has been a stain on our democracy to permit profit-making entities to be handed the responsibility of making determinations of individual liberty,\" Mauer said in a prepared statement. \"Today's action moves us closer to a moment when government can once again assume this important responsibility.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Justice Department officials plan to phase out their use of private prisons to house federal inmates, reasoning that the contract facilities offer few benefits for public safety or taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making the decision, Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates cited new findings by the Justice Department's inspector general, who concluded earlier this month that a pool of 14 privately contracted prisons reported more incidents of inmate contraband, higher rates of assaults and more uses of force than facilities run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They simply do not provide the same level of correctional services, programs and resources; they do not save substantially on costs; and ... they do not maintain the same level of safety and security,\" Yates wrote in a memo Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their peak, contract prisons housed approximately 30,000 federal inmates. By May 2017, that number will have dropped by more than half, to 14,000, Yates wrote. The Bureau of Prisons tends to use contract facilities to confine inmates who require only low security and who tend to be in the country illegally. The U.S. government spent $639 million on those facilities in fiscal year 2014, according to the Inspector General report, in payments to three companies: Corrections Corporation of America, GEO Group, and Management and Training Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announcement will not touch the vast majority of prisoners in the country who are incarcerated by state and local authorities. But federal officials hope their decision will be a model across the correctional field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the DOJ declined to renew a contract for 1,200 prison beds in a private facility. And it is making changes to a new contract bid to reduce the size of demand there, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/blog/phasing-out-our-use-private-prisons\">blog post to department employees\u003c/a>, the deputy attorney general pointed out that the federal prison population has been dropping overall, to fewer than 195,000 inmates, because of a shift in how low-level, nonviolent drug criminals are treated. Yates did not shut the door on demand for private contract facilities in the future, however, and a new presidential administration could handle the issue differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Mauer, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sentencingproject.org/\">The Sentencing Project\u003c/a>, nonetheless said the Justice Department announcement represented a \"major milestone in the movement away from mass incarceration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has been a stain on our democracy to permit profit-making entities to be handed the responsibility of making determinations of individual liberty,\" Mauer said in a prepared statement. \"Today's action moves us closer to a moment when government can once again assume this important responsibility.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Court Helps Kids By Healing Parents' Addictions",
"title": "California Court Helps Kids By Healing Parents' Addictions",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At 10 a.m. on a recent Wednesday morning, a line of parents pushing strollers filed into a conference room at the Sacramento County Courthouse in California. They sat at rows of narrow plastic tables, shushing their babies and looking up at a man in a black robe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing Officer Jim Teal sounded his gavel. \"This is the time and place set for Early Intervention Family Drug Court,\" he began, gazing sternly at the parents who sat before him. \"Graduation from this court is considered a critical factor in determination that the children of participants will be safe from any further exposure to the danger and destructive impact of parental substance abuse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a surge recently, across the U.S., in the number of children entering the foster care system after years of decline. Nationally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport22.pdf\">roughly 265,000 kids\u003c/a> entered foster care in 2015 -- the highest number since 2008, according to a recent government report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Substance abuse is a factor in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadcp.org/sites/default/files/nadcp/Reseach%20Update%20on%20Family%20Drug%20Courts%20-%20NADCP.pdf\">up to 80 percent\u003c/a> of cases where a child is removed from a home. And there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/27/451991809/heroin-opioid-abuse-puts-extra-strain-on-u-s-foster-care-system\">signs\u003c/a> that the opioid epidemic may be to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who receive addiction treatment are much more likely to get their kids back, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadcp.org/sites/default/files/nadcp/Reseach%20Update%20on%20Family%20Drug%20Courts%20-%20NADCP.pdf\">4 in 5 parents\u003c/a> fail to complete their treatment regimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/technical/rpg-i.aspx?id=80\">Early Intervention Family Drug Court\u003c/a> aims to change that by helping parents with substance abuse problems to complete treatment before their children enter the foster care system. If the parents fail, they'll be sent to a formal family drug court, where their children are taken away and given attorneys of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before that, the parents get this opportunity to enter recovery, through a mix of support, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment\">medication-assisted treatment\u003c/a> and tough love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents participating in the early intervention drug court entered the system after having babies born dependent on opioids or other drugs. Others were reported to Child Protective Services by friends or family. All are at risk of losing custody of their children because of their drug abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma, 20, a striking woman with long blond hair, approached Teal's podium holding a baby. NPR is withholding her last name because her case is active with Child Protective Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good morning,\" Teal said. \"Who do you have with you there?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My daughter, Cailynn,\" Emma answered proudly, bouncing the cooing child on her hip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma started using drugs when she was 16. At first it was methamphetamines, she said, but she quickly transitioned to heroin. Then she got pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter Cailynn tested positive for opioids at birth. Child Protective Services came to the hospital and took the baby into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I regret every moment of it,\" Emma said. \"It's hard. But I've got to keep my head up and keep going.\" From the start, she wanted her daughter back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11053399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11053399\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell.jpg\" alt=\"A court booklet give parents inspiration to stay off drugs. They paste a photo of their child on the front and then write about their experiences inside.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A court booklet give parents inspiration to stay off drugs. They paste a photo of their child on the front and then write about their experiences inside. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Usually, Sacramento County has a three-month wait for people who need substance abuse treatment. But by volunteering to participate in the drug court, Emma was able to get treatment right away and her baby back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So Emma, it says here you're 63 days compliant,\" Teal said that day in court. \"And 63 days in the program, so you've been good. You've been doing what you're told. Congratulations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other parents in the room burst into applause — this is a major accomplishment. The six-month program is rigorous. In addition to monthly sessions at the court, the parents must attend almost daily group meetings, submit to random drug tests and take parenting classes. Many, like Emma, go to inpatient rehab. Medication-assisted therapy for opioids is also available. And once or twice a week, they get a home visit from their social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma attributed much of her success in the program so far to social worker Matthew Takamoto, whom she called \"amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takamoto has been a social worker for 20 years and has been part of the EIFDC since the program began six years ago. The program, he said, is an important change in way the county handles addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the olden days, we were quicker to send them to court,\" he said. Their approach was \"more 'blaming the addict,' versus giving them the tools they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon following the court meeting, Takamoto drove to the inpatient residential facility where Emma lives with her daughter. In the back is a grassy yard with a small jungle gym, where several mothers sat, watching their children play. Emma was there, too, holding Cailynn in her lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11053397\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11053397\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Matthew Takamoto has been been a social worker with the early intervention program in Sacramento County from its start, and is pleased with its success. The hardest part, he says, is realizing that not every parent will be be able to quit drugs for good.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Takamoto has been been a social worker with the early intervention program in Sacramento County from its start, and is pleased with its success. The hardest part, he says, is realizing that not every parent will be be able to quit drugs for good. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell for Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Takamoto seemed happy with Emma's progress. \"You take these clients from the very beginning, where they're broken and it's the worst day of their life,\" he said. \"And to see them slowly get back up as they have days of clean time — it's been incredible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest part of his job, he said, is realizing that not all the parents are going to make it. In fact, just a third end up graduating from the county's program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If these parents aren't successful, it's the kids [who] pay the price,\" Takamoto said. \"The parents are doing what they want to do, but the kids don't have a choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 5 to 10 percent of families in the United States who could use family drug courts have access to them, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cffutures.com/projects/family-drug-courts-tta\">Children and Family Futures\u003c/a>, an organization that advises and evaluates family drug courts. Sacramento's program is one of about 350 in the country; most of the rest work with families \u003cem>after \u003c/em>their children have entered the foster system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2012/12/14/sacramento-county-names-health-executive.html\">Sherri Z. Heller\u003c/a>, director of Sacramento's Health and Human Services Department, described family drug courts as a success story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can overcome addiction if the motivation is strong enough, and this is the most effective motivation I have ever seen,\" Heller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10 percent of kids with families in the program end up being removed from their home, compared to 30 percent of children in families who do not participate. That represents a major savings to the county — about $21,000 dollars a year for every kid who doesn't have go into the court and foster system, for an annual total savings of $7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rush that comes with getting high is pretty spectacular,\" Heller said. \"And it's very hard physically, once the addiction happens, to overcome. But if there is one thing that matters to people more than the thrill of getting high, it's the thrill of doing the right thing for your children and keeping your family intact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. You can follow Jenny Gold on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JennyAGold\">@JennyAGold\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A special court in Sacramento aims to keep families together by getting treatment for parents who have substance abuse problems, instead of sending off their kids to foster care.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 10 a.m. on a recent Wednesday morning, a line of parents pushing strollers filed into a conference room at the Sacramento County Courthouse in California. They sat at rows of narrow plastic tables, shushing their babies and looking up at a man in a black robe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing Officer Jim Teal sounded his gavel. \"This is the time and place set for Early Intervention Family Drug Court,\" he began, gazing sternly at the parents who sat before him. \"Graduation from this court is considered a critical factor in determination that the children of participants will be safe from any further exposure to the danger and destructive impact of parental substance abuse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a surge recently, across the U.S., in the number of children entering the foster care system after years of decline. Nationally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport22.pdf\">roughly 265,000 kids\u003c/a> entered foster care in 2015 -- the highest number since 2008, according to a recent government report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Substance abuse is a factor in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadcp.org/sites/default/files/nadcp/Reseach%20Update%20on%20Family%20Drug%20Courts%20-%20NADCP.pdf\">up to 80 percent\u003c/a> of cases where a child is removed from a home. And there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/27/451991809/heroin-opioid-abuse-puts-extra-strain-on-u-s-foster-care-system\">signs\u003c/a> that the opioid epidemic may be to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who receive addiction treatment are much more likely to get their kids back, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.nadcp.org/sites/default/files/nadcp/Reseach%20Update%20on%20Family%20Drug%20Courts%20-%20NADCP.pdf\">4 in 5 parents\u003c/a> fail to complete their treatment regimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/technical/rpg-i.aspx?id=80\">Early Intervention Family Drug Court\u003c/a> aims to change that by helping parents with substance abuse problems to complete treatment before their children enter the foster care system. If the parents fail, they'll be sent to a formal family drug court, where their children are taken away and given attorneys of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before that, the parents get this opportunity to enter recovery, through a mix of support, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment\">medication-assisted treatment\u003c/a> and tough love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents participating in the early intervention drug court entered the system after having babies born dependent on opioids or other drugs. Others were reported to Child Protective Services by friends or family. All are at risk of losing custody of their children because of their drug abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma, 20, a striking woman with long blond hair, approached Teal's podium holding a baby. NPR is withholding her last name because her case is active with Child Protective Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good morning,\" Teal said. \"Who do you have with you there?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My daughter, Cailynn,\" Emma answered proudly, bouncing the cooing child on her hip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma started using drugs when she was 16. At first it was methamphetamines, she said, but she quickly transitioned to heroin. Then she got pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter Cailynn tested positive for opioids at birth. Child Protective Services came to the hospital and took the baby into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I regret every moment of it,\" Emma said. \"It's hard. But I've got to keep my head up and keep going.\" From the start, she wanted her daughter back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11053399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11053399\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell.jpg\" alt=\"A court booklet give parents inspiration to stay off drugs. They paste a photo of their child on the front and then write about their experiences inside.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Kaiser-health-News-Robert-Durell-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A court booklet give parents inspiration to stay off drugs. They paste a photo of their child on the front and then write about their experiences inside. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Usually, Sacramento County has a three-month wait for people who need substance abuse treatment. But by volunteering to participate in the drug court, Emma was able to get treatment right away and her baby back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So Emma, it says here you're 63 days compliant,\" Teal said that day in court. \"And 63 days in the program, so you've been good. You've been doing what you're told. Congratulations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other parents in the room burst into applause — this is a major accomplishment. The six-month program is rigorous. In addition to monthly sessions at the court, the parents must attend almost daily group meetings, submit to random drug tests and take parenting classes. Many, like Emma, go to inpatient rehab. Medication-assisted therapy for opioids is also available. And once or twice a week, they get a home visit from their social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma attributed much of her success in the program so far to social worker Matthew Takamoto, whom she called \"amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takamoto has been a social worker for 20 years and has been part of the EIFDC since the program began six years ago. The program, he said, is an important change in way the county handles addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the olden days, we were quicker to send them to court,\" he said. Their approach was \"more 'blaming the addict,' versus giving them the tools they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon following the court meeting, Takamoto drove to the inpatient residential facility where Emma lives with her daughter. In the back is a grassy yard with a small jungle gym, where several mothers sat, watching their children play. Emma was there, too, holding Cailynn in her lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11053397\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11053397\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Matthew Takamoto has been been a social worker with the early intervention program in Sacramento County from its start, and is pleased with its success. The hardest part, he says, is realizing that not every parent will be be able to quit drugs for good.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/khn_drug_court_0382_edited_enl-6a2c8d84f76dc89eeb47fde977e8990cc5d04507.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Takamoto has been been a social worker with the early intervention program in Sacramento County from its start, and is pleased with its success. The hardest part, he says, is realizing that not every parent will be be able to quit drugs for good. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell for Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Takamoto seemed happy with Emma's progress. \"You take these clients from the very beginning, where they're broken and it's the worst day of their life,\" he said. \"And to see them slowly get back up as they have days of clean time — it's been incredible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest part of his job, he said, is realizing that not all the parents are going to make it. In fact, just a third end up graduating from the county's program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If these parents aren't successful, it's the kids [who] pay the price,\" Takamoto said. \"The parents are doing what they want to do, but the kids don't have a choice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 5 to 10 percent of families in the United States who could use family drug courts have access to them, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cffutures.com/projects/family-drug-courts-tta\">Children and Family Futures\u003c/a>, an organization that advises and evaluates family drug courts. Sacramento's program is one of about 350 in the country; most of the rest work with families \u003cem>after \u003c/em>their children have entered the foster system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2012/12/14/sacramento-county-names-health-executive.html\">Sherri Z. Heller\u003c/a>, director of Sacramento's Health and Human Services Department, described family drug courts as a success story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can overcome addiction if the motivation is strong enough, and this is the most effective motivation I have ever seen,\" Heller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10 percent of kids with families in the program end up being removed from their home, compared to 30 percent of children in families who do not participate. That represents a major savings to the county — about $21,000 dollars a year for every kid who doesn't have go into the court and foster system, for an annual total savings of $7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rush that comes with getting high is pretty spectacular,\" Heller said. \"And it's very hard physically, once the addiction happens, to overcome. But if there is one thing that matters to people more than the thrill of getting high, it's the thrill of doing the right thing for your children and keeping your family intact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. You can follow Jenny Gold on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JennyAGold\">@JennyAGold\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
