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"content": "\u003cp>More Americans are making more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf\">released new numbers\u003c/a> on Tuesday showing that, after a brutal economic recession and years of stagnation, real median household incomes rose from $53,718 in 2014 to $56,516 last year. That's a 5.2 percent rise — the first statistically significant increase since 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as NPR's Pam Fessler notes, \"the median household income was still lower than it was in 2007.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official poverty rate decreased to 13.5 percent for last year, a drop of 1.2 percentage points. That represents 3.5 million people who are no longer in poverty and is the largest annual percentage point drop since 1999, \u003ca href=\"http://census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2016/cb16-158.html\">the Census Bureau says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supplemental poverty measure — an alternate way of gauging poverty, which takes more factors into account — also dropped significantly, falling by 1 percentage point to 14.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Poverty dropped for whites, blacks and Hispanics, as well as for children and seniors,\" Fessler reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people with health insurance also rose. More than 90 percent of Americans are covered by health insurance — an increase of 1.3 percentage points since 2014, and growth of 4.3 percentage points since the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act, the bureau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 29 million people did not have health insurance, representing 9.1 percent of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board, the Census Bureau's 2015 numbers show significant signs of progress and reflect a recovering economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5.2 percent increase in median household income, in particular, was impressive — \"one of the largest year-to-year increases that we've ever had,\" Trudi Renwick of the Census Bureau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income gains for most Americans are tied to growth in employment, as The Associated Press reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The income gains and drop in poverty reflect ongoing gains in the job market, Renwick said. About 2.4 million more Americans found full-time, year-round jobs in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Americans are also likely benefiting from an increase in middle-income jobs. Many of the jobs created in the early years of the recovery have been in low-paying sectors, such as fast food restaurants and retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But according to a report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in 2014 and 2015 the growth of middle-income jobs in sectors such as shipping and construction outpaced the gains in lower-paying and higher-paying work.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Income rose in every region of the country, for every age group of household head, with statistically significant increases for almost every racial group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the New York Times' Nate Cohn \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nate_Cohn/status/775698588286476288\">points out\u003c/a>, rural America didn't experience the same growth as the rest of the country. The median income for people living outside of metropolitan areas dropped 2 percent, to $44,657.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau also looked at economic inequality, where measures did not show any statistically significant changes — even though poorer Americans saw the biggest percentage growth in their incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference in income between men and women also did not change by any statistically significant degree. But it did move slightly, from 79 cents on the dollar to 80 cents on the dollar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we can't forget that 80 cents is just part of the story,\" Lisa Maatz of the American Association of University Women notes in a statement. \"The pay gap gets worse for women of color and moms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Census+Bureau%3A+Poverty+Rate+Down%2C+Median+Incomes+Up+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More Americans are making more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf\">released new numbers\u003c/a> on Tuesday showing that, after a brutal economic recession and years of stagnation, real median household incomes rose from $53,718 in 2014 to $56,516 last year. That's a 5.2 percent rise — the first statistically significant increase since 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as NPR's Pam Fessler notes, \"the median household income was still lower than it was in 2007.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official poverty rate decreased to 13.5 percent for last year, a drop of 1.2 percentage points. That represents 3.5 million people who are no longer in poverty and is the largest annual percentage point drop since 1999, \u003ca href=\"http://census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2016/cb16-158.html\">the Census Bureau says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supplemental poverty measure — an alternate way of gauging poverty, which takes more factors into account — also dropped significantly, falling by 1 percentage point to 14.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Poverty dropped for whites, blacks and Hispanics, as well as for children and seniors,\" Fessler reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people with health insurance also rose. More than 90 percent of Americans are covered by health insurance — an increase of 1.3 percentage points since 2014, and growth of 4.3 percentage points since the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act, the bureau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 29 million people did not have health insurance, representing 9.1 percent of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board, the Census Bureau's 2015 numbers show significant signs of progress and reflect a recovering economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5.2 percent increase in median household income, in particular, was impressive — \"one of the largest year-to-year increases that we've ever had,\" Trudi Renwick of the Census Bureau said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income gains for most Americans are tied to growth in employment, as The Associated Press reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The income gains and drop in poverty reflect ongoing gains in the job market, Renwick said. About 2.4 million more Americans found full-time, year-round jobs in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Americans are also likely benefiting from an increase in middle-income jobs. Many of the jobs created in the early years of the recovery have been in low-paying sectors, such as fast food restaurants and retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But according to a report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in 2014 and 2015 the growth of middle-income jobs in sectors such as shipping and construction outpaced the gains in lower-paying and higher-paying work.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Income rose in every region of the country, for every age group of household head, with statistically significant increases for almost every racial group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the New York Times' Nate Cohn \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nate_Cohn/status/775698588286476288\">points out\u003c/a>, rural America didn't experience the same growth as the rest of the country. The median income for people living outside of metropolitan areas dropped 2 percent, to $44,657.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau also looked at economic inequality, where measures did not show any statistically significant changes — even though poorer Americans saw the biggest percentage growth in their incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference in income between men and women also did not change by any statistically significant degree. But it did move slightly, from 79 cents on the dollar to 80 cents on the dollar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we can't forget that 80 cents is just part of the story,\" Lisa Maatz of the American Association of University Women notes in a statement. \"The pay gap gets worse for women of color and moms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Census+Bureau%3A+Poverty+Rate+Down%2C+Median+Incomes+Up+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA's Other Asteroid Mission: Grab a Chunk and Put It in Orbit Around the Moon",
"headTitle": "NASA’s Other Asteroid Mission: Grab a Chunk and Put It in Orbit Around the Moon | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>NASA sent a robotic spacecraft from Florida \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/08/491482001/nasa-mission-to-retrieve-ancient-asteroid-dust-is-ready-for-launch\">out to an asteroid\u003c/a> Thursday, but that’s not the only asteroid mission the space agency has in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also want to study a different asteroid with the help of astronauts. And it looks like the next president, plus Congress, will have to decide whether this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/what-is-nasa-s-asteroid-redirect-mission\">human mission\u003c/a> to a flying rock should ever get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of visiting an asteroid goes back to 2010, when President Obama went to Kennedy Space Center in Florida to lay out his new plan for space exploration. He said he wanted astronauts to eventually land on Mars, and that the first steps would be to send astronauts out beyond the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll start by sending astronauts to an asteroid, for the first time in history,” he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/about/obama_ksc_pod.html\">told\u003c/a> the NASA workers. “By the mid-2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And a landing on Mars will follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, flying people to an asteroid turned out to be really hard. The trip would take months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So NASA settled on a slightly different \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/176798246/in-nasas-budget-plans-to-shrink-wrap-an-asteroid\">plan\u003c/a>, called the Asteroid Redirect Mission. The agency would send a robot out to retrieve an asteroid and bring it close to the moon. That way, the astronauts could study it in lunar orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t sending people to an asteroid; it was bringing an asteroid to people. But you were still demonstrating some of the technologies that NASA wanted to demonstrate as part of its long-term goal of sending humans to Mars,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/contributors/marcia-smith\">Marcia Smith\u003c/a>, a space policy analyst and consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was difficult to find a small asteroid to target, and that mission seemed too daunting. “They ultimately made the decision to not move an entire asteroid, but just pluck a boulder from the asteroid’s surface, and bring the boulder to the astronauts,” Smith says. “That is the current plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a robot venture out tens of millions of miles, grab a multi-ton, car-sized boulder and then drag it to the moon, plus sending people up to study this rock, will cost something like $2 billion. That’s a hefty price tag, and some question whether this mission really makes sense, given NASA’s limited budget for human space exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your long term goal is to go to Mars, do you need to spend $2 billion doing this mission?” Smith says. “Or can you spend it better doing other things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/how-will-nasas-asteroid-redirect-mission-help-humans-reach-mars\">says\u003c/a> that when a crew flies up in the mid-2020s to rendezvous with this hunk of asteroid orbiting the moon, it will be a clear step forward — toward putting people on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR.jpg\" alt=\"An astronaut in this artist's conception prepares to investigate the asteroid boulder. But proponents of the NASA mission say that instead of sending humans to an asteroid, it might be easier and quicker to bring the asteroid to the humans.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An astronaut in this artist’s conception prepares to investigate the asteroid boulder. But proponents of the NASA mission say that instead of sending humans to an asteroid, it might be easier and quicker to bring the asteroid to the humans. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be the first time we have brought humans back to the lunar vicinity,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/michele-gates.html\">Michele Gates\u003c/a>, program director for the mission at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. “They’ll actually be 50,000 miles past the surface of the moon — farther than people have ever been before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates says planners are currently targeting a near-Earth asteroid called 2008 EV5, and that the first part of the mission would launch in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major goal is to use advanced solar electric propulsion that’s already in development at NASA. “This technology that we’ll be demonstrating is truly a leap from where we currently are, and a significant step and contribution to what we’ll need for deeper-space human missions,” Gates says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another part of the mission would be to test out the so-called gravity tractor method for altering the course of an asteroid. The robotic spacecraft would hover near the asteroid for a while, using the tiny force of its gravity to tug the asteroid onto a different path. Seeing how well this works could reveal whether that’s a viable strategy for protecting our planet from any dangerous space rocks that astronomers determine are on a collision course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Speaking of collisions, NASA says that moving around a big boulder in space poses no risk to Earth, because even if there was some kind of unlikely accident, a rock this size would be expected to burn up in our atmosphere.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once astronauts met up with the captured asteroid boulder in lunar orbit, they could gather samples of the big rock to bring home. Gates says they’ll be able to retrieve more material than the fully robotic \u003ca href=\"http://www.asteroidmission.org/\">OSIRIS-REx\u003c/a> mission that just launched. And, she says, these samples “will be carefully selected, utilizing the brains, the real-time thinking, the decision-making and the visual capabilities that humans will bring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission has been through two key decision-making reviews — the last one wrapped up in July. “We’re currently in what we call the formulation stage,” Gates says, adding that NASA would not make any firm commitment until the next major review, scheduled for March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone loves this mission. Asked if the space agency should do it, former astronaut \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/voss-ji.html\">James Voss\u003c/a> told NPR, “That’s a really hard question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982241\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR.jpg\" alt=\"Using advanced Solar Electric Propulsion technologies would be an essential part of future missions into deep space with larger payloads, NASA says, and this mission would be a way to test the technology. But critics think there are better ways to learn how to explore places such as Mars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using advanced Solar Electric Propulsion technologies would be an essential part of future missions into deep space with larger payloads, NASA says, and this mission would be a way to test the technology. But critics think there are better ways to learn how to explore places such as Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He understands NASA’s rationale for it, but says he personally thinks the money could be better spent on something that would get people to Mars more quickly, such as the development of a Mars lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, if you just sat down and tried to chart a path forward to Mars, it’s hard to imagine that you’d include this kind of effort to capture an asteroid, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.leroychiao.com/\">Leroy Chiao\u003c/a>, another former astronaut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiao says that if he were still part of the astronaut corps, he’d be excited to fly around the moon. “And if there happened to be an asteroid there that we could fly in formation with or, you know, a boulder, that’s fine. But I’d be just as happy not flying in formation with a boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-journey-to-mars\">stated goal\u003c/a> is to get to Mars in the 2030s, Chiao just doesn’t see the point of this asteroid mission, which he believes is a product of budget constraints and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a technical level, I don’t think it’s worth doing,” Chiao says, adding that NASA seems to be trying to satisfy the White House’s desire to do something with an asteroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks we’d learn a lot more about how to explore Mars if we did something like set up a moon base to test out habitats, rovers and space suits. “But frankly,” Chiao says, “the moon was perceived as President [George W.] Bush’s program, so I don’t think that was really a starter, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://waynehale.wordpress.com/\">Wayne Hale\u003c/a>, the former head of NASA’s space shuttle program, tells NPR that he thinks the Asteroid Redirect Mission is “a great technology-development mission. It’s not a science mission, and that’s caused it some criticism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long term goal, he says, remains to put humans on the surface of Mars. “If a new president were to come in and say, ‘We’re not going to go to Mars, we’re going to just junk that whole idea,” that would be a big deal,” Hale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks NASA would be OK if the next president decided that this asteroid plan should be abandoned in favor of a different step toward the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think that would be a huge shift in priorities,” Hale says. “I think that would be something the agency could accommodate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA%27s+Other+Asteroid+Mission%3A+Grab+A+Chunk+And+Put+It+In+Orbit+Around+The+Moon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA sent a robotic spacecraft from Florida \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/08/491482001/nasa-mission-to-retrieve-ancient-asteroid-dust-is-ready-for-launch\">out to an asteroid\u003c/a> Thursday, but that’s not the only asteroid mission the space agency has in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also want to study a different asteroid with the help of astronauts. And it looks like the next president, plus Congress, will have to decide whether this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/what-is-nasa-s-asteroid-redirect-mission\">human mission\u003c/a> to a flying rock should ever get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of visiting an asteroid goes back to 2010, when President Obama went to Kennedy Space Center in Florida to lay out his new plan for space exploration. He said he wanted astronauts to eventually land on Mars, and that the first steps would be to send astronauts out beyond the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll start by sending astronauts to an asteroid, for the first time in history,” he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/about/obama_ksc_pod.html\">told\u003c/a> the NASA workers. “By the mid-2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And a landing on Mars will follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, flying people to an asteroid turned out to be really hard. The trip would take months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So NASA settled on a slightly different \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/176798246/in-nasas-budget-plans-to-shrink-wrap-an-asteroid\">plan\u003c/a>, called the Asteroid Redirect Mission. The agency would send a robot out to retrieve an asteroid and bring it close to the moon. That way, the astronauts could study it in lunar orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t sending people to an asteroid; it was bringing an asteroid to people. But you were still demonstrating some of the technologies that NASA wanted to demonstrate as part of its long-term goal of sending humans to Mars,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/contributors/marcia-smith\">Marcia Smith\u003c/a>, a space policy analyst and consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was difficult to find a small asteroid to target, and that mission seemed too daunting. “They ultimately made the decision to not move an entire asteroid, but just pluck a boulder from the asteroid’s surface, and bring the boulder to the astronauts,” Smith says. “That is the current plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a robot venture out tens of millions of miles, grab a multi-ton, car-sized boulder and then drag it to the moon, plus sending people up to study this rock, will cost something like $2 billion. That’s a hefty price tag, and some question whether this mission really makes sense, given NASA’s limited budget for human space exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your long term goal is to go to Mars, do you need to spend $2 billion doing this mission?” Smith says. “Or can you spend it better doing other things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/how-will-nasas-asteroid-redirect-mission-help-humans-reach-mars\">says\u003c/a> that when a crew flies up in the mid-2020s to rendezvous with this hunk of asteroid orbiting the moon, it will be a clear step forward — toward putting people on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR.jpg\" alt=\"An astronaut in this artist's conception prepares to investigate the asteroid boulder. But proponents of the NASA mission say that instead of sending humans to an asteroid, it might be easier and quicker to bring the asteroid to the humans.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-2_NPR-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An astronaut in this artist’s conception prepares to investigate the asteroid boulder. But proponents of the NASA mission say that instead of sending humans to an asteroid, it might be easier and quicker to bring the asteroid to the humans. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be the first time we have brought humans back to the lunar vicinity,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/michele-gates.html\">Michele Gates\u003c/a>, program director for the mission at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. “They’ll actually be 50,000 miles past the surface of the moon — farther than people have ever been before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates says planners are currently targeting a near-Earth asteroid called 2008 EV5, and that the first part of the mission would launch in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major goal is to use advanced solar electric propulsion that’s already in development at NASA. “This technology that we’ll be demonstrating is truly a leap from where we currently are, and a significant step and contribution to what we’ll need for deeper-space human missions,” Gates says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another part of the mission would be to test out the so-called gravity tractor method for altering the course of an asteroid. The robotic spacecraft would hover near the asteroid for a while, using the tiny force of its gravity to tug the asteroid onto a different path. Seeing how well this works could reveal whether that’s a viable strategy for protecting our planet from any dangerous space rocks that astronomers determine are on a collision course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Speaking of collisions, NASA says that moving around a big boulder in space poses no risk to Earth, because even if there was some kind of unlikely accident, a rock this size would be expected to burn up in our atmosphere.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once astronauts met up with the captured asteroid boulder in lunar orbit, they could gather samples of the big rock to bring home. Gates says they’ll be able to retrieve more material than the fully robotic \u003ca href=\"http://www.asteroidmission.org/\">OSIRIS-REx\u003c/a> mission that just launched. And, she says, these samples “will be carefully selected, utilizing the brains, the real-time thinking, the decision-making and the visual capabilities that humans will bring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission has been through two key decision-making reviews — the last one wrapped up in July. “We’re currently in what we call the formulation stage,” Gates says, adding that NASA would not make any firm commitment until the next major review, scheduled for March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone loves this mission. Asked if the space agency should do it, former astronaut \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/voss-ji.html\">James Voss\u003c/a> told NPR, “That’s a really hard question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982241\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR.jpg\" alt=\"Using advanced Solar Electric Propulsion technologies would be an essential part of future missions into deep space with larger payloads, NASA says, and this mission would be a way to test the technology. But critics think there are better ways to learn how to explore places such as Mars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/asteroid-3_NPR-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using advanced Solar Electric Propulsion technologies would be an essential part of future missions into deep space with larger payloads, NASA says, and this mission would be a way to test the technology. But critics think there are better ways to learn how to explore places such as Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He understands NASA’s rationale for it, but says he personally thinks the money could be better spent on something that would get people to Mars more quickly, such as the development of a Mars lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, if you just sat down and tried to chart a path forward to Mars, it’s hard to imagine that you’d include this kind of effort to capture an asteroid, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.leroychiao.com/\">Leroy Chiao\u003c/a>, another former astronaut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiao says that if he were still part of the astronaut corps, he’d be excited to fly around the moon. “And if there happened to be an asteroid there that we could fly in formation with or, you know, a boulder, that’s fine. But I’d be just as happy not flying in formation with a boulder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-journey-to-mars\">stated goal\u003c/a> is to get to Mars in the 2030s, Chiao just doesn’t see the point of this asteroid mission, which he believes is a product of budget constraints and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a technical level, I don’t think it’s worth doing,” Chiao says, adding that NASA seems to be trying to satisfy the White House’s desire to do something with an asteroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks we’d learn a lot more about how to explore Mars if we did something like set up a moon base to test out habitats, rovers and space suits. “But frankly,” Chiao says, “the moon was perceived as President [George W.] Bush’s program, so I don’t think that was really a starter, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://waynehale.wordpress.com/\">Wayne Hale\u003c/a>, the former head of NASA’s space shuttle program, tells NPR that he thinks the Asteroid Redirect Mission is “a great technology-development mission. It’s not a science mission, and that’s caused it some criticism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long term goal, he says, remains to put humans on the surface of Mars. “If a new president were to come in and say, ‘We’re not going to go to Mars, we’re going to just junk that whole idea,” that would be a big deal,” Hale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks NASA would be OK if the next president decided that this asteroid plan should be abandoned in favor of a different step toward the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think that would be a huge shift in priorities,” Hale says. “I think that would be something the agency could accommodate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA%27s+Other+Asteroid+Mission%3A+Grab+A+Chunk+And+Put+It+In+Orbit+Around+The+Moon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Facebook Censored Iconic Photo, Norwegian Newspaper Pushed Back",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Norwegian author Tom Egeland, it was one of the most significant war photos ever taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Facebook, it was a \"display of nudity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media site's removal of the image sparked an uproar — and, on Friday, the company announced it was reversing course and would be reinstating the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Egeland used the platform to post the iconic photo of a girl, screaming and naked, fleeing napalm bombs during the Vietnam War. The photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut, was part of a collection of photos that Egeland said changed the history of warfare, the Norwegian newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/Dear-Mark-I-am-writing-this-to-inform-you-that-I-shall-not-comply-with-your-requirement-to-remove-this-picture-604156b.html\">Aftenposten reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook took it down and banned Egeland from posting anything for 24 hours. And Norwegians swiftly responded, posting the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"napalm girl\" photo on their own accounts in protest, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo after photo was removed by Facebook, and fury grew. (Disclosure: Facebook pays NPR, and other leading news organizations, to produce live video streams that run on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Phuc, the girl in the photo, is now 53 and runs an organization that provides treatment to child victims of war. As the protests were spreading, a spokeswoman for the organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.dagsavisen.no/verden/the-girl-in-the-picture-saddened-by-facebook-s-focus-on-nudity-1.773232\">told Norwegian paper Dagsavisen\u003c/a> that Kim Phuc \"is saddened by those who would focus on the nudity in the historic picture rather than the powerful message it conveys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP, which owns the photo, also chimed in. The director of media relations, on behalf of the organization, expressed pride in the photo and recognition of its historical impact ... and noted that \"we reserve our rights to this powerful image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em> — Norway's largest newspaper — ran a front-page letter directly addressed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper had published the image on its Facebook page until it, too, was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am upset, disappointed — well, in fact even afraid — of what you are about to do to a mainstay of our democratic society,\" \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em>'s editor-in-chief, Espen Egil Hansen, wrote in the letter. He pointed out that on top of deleting the image again and again, Facebook was blocking Egeland from making posts about the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Listen, Mark, this is serious,\" Hansen wrote. \"First you create rules that don't distinguish between child pornography and famous war photographs. Then you practice these rules without allowing space for good judgement. Finally you even censor criticism against and a discussion about the decision — and you punish the person who dares to voice criticism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that the photo itself illustrates the significance of the dispute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The napalm-girl is by far the most iconic documentary photography from the Vietnam war. The media played a decisive role in reporting different stories about the war than the men in charge wanted them to publish. They brought about a change of attitude which played a role in ending the war. They contributed to a more open, more critical debate. This is how a democracy must function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The free and independent media have an important task in bringing information, even including pictures, which sometimes may be unpleasant, and which the ruling elite and maybe even ordinary citizens cannot bear to see or hear, but which might be important precisely for that reason. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The media have a responsibility to consider publication in every single case. This may be a heavy responsibility. Each editor must weigh the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This right and duty, which all editors in the world have, should not be undermined by algorithms encoded in your office in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hansen called Zuckerberg \"the world's most powerful editor\" and wrote that Facebook's prominence as a platform opens up possibilities — and risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you will not distinguish between child pornography and documentary photographs from a war, this will simply promote stupidity and fail to bring human beings closer to each other,\" he warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg joined in the protest on Friday. After Facebook removed the Kim Phuc photo, she reposted it with a censoring black rectangle — and gave several other historic images the same treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on Friday, Facebook said in a statement that it would be reversing course on the image, given \"its status as an iconic image of historical importance\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"After hearing from our community, we looked again at how our Community Standards were applied in this case. An image of a naked child would normally be presumed to violate our Community Standards, and in some countries might even qualify as child pornography. In this case, we recognize the history and global importance of this image in documenting a particular moment in time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The company said it would reinstate the photo in places where it knew it had been removed — which might take a few days — and will adjust its \"review mechanisms\" so it can be shared on the site moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media giant did not apologize for the earlier decision to remove the photo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Facebook+Censored+Iconic+Photo%2C+Norwegian+Newspaper+Pushed+Back&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Norwegian author Tom Egeland, it was one of the most significant war photos ever taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Facebook, it was a \"display of nudity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media site's removal of the image sparked an uproar — and, on Friday, the company announced it was reversing course and would be reinstating the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Egeland used the platform to post the iconic photo of a girl, screaming and naked, fleeing napalm bombs during the Vietnam War. The photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut, was part of a collection of photos that Egeland said changed the history of warfare, the Norwegian newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/Dear-Mark-I-am-writing-this-to-inform-you-that-I-shall-not-comply-with-your-requirement-to-remove-this-picture-604156b.html\">Aftenposten reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook took it down and banned Egeland from posting anything for 24 hours. And Norwegians swiftly responded, posting the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"napalm girl\" photo on their own accounts in protest, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo after photo was removed by Facebook, and fury grew. (Disclosure: Facebook pays NPR, and other leading news organizations, to produce live video streams that run on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Phuc, the girl in the photo, is now 53 and runs an organization that provides treatment to child victims of war. As the protests were spreading, a spokeswoman for the organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.dagsavisen.no/verden/the-girl-in-the-picture-saddened-by-facebook-s-focus-on-nudity-1.773232\">told Norwegian paper Dagsavisen\u003c/a> that Kim Phuc \"is saddened by those who would focus on the nudity in the historic picture rather than the powerful message it conveys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP, which owns the photo, also chimed in. The director of media relations, on behalf of the organization, expressed pride in the photo and recognition of its historical impact ... and noted that \"we reserve our rights to this powerful image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em> — Norway's largest newspaper — ran a front-page letter directly addressed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper had published the image on its Facebook page until it, too, was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am upset, disappointed — well, in fact even afraid — of what you are about to do to a mainstay of our democratic society,\" \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em>'s editor-in-chief, Espen Egil Hansen, wrote in the letter. He pointed out that on top of deleting the image again and again, Facebook was blocking Egeland from making posts about the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Listen, Mark, this is serious,\" Hansen wrote. \"First you create rules that don't distinguish between child pornography and famous war photographs. Then you practice these rules without allowing space for good judgement. Finally you even censor criticism against and a discussion about the decision — and you punish the person who dares to voice criticism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that the photo itself illustrates the significance of the dispute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The napalm-girl is by far the most iconic documentary photography from the Vietnam war. The media played a decisive role in reporting different stories about the war than the men in charge wanted them to publish. They brought about a change of attitude which played a role in ending the war. They contributed to a more open, more critical debate. This is how a democracy must function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The free and independent media have an important task in bringing information, even including pictures, which sometimes may be unpleasant, and which the ruling elite and maybe even ordinary citizens cannot bear to see or hear, but which might be important precisely for that reason. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The media have a responsibility to consider publication in every single case. This may be a heavy responsibility. Each editor must weigh the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This right and duty, which all editors in the world have, should not be undermined by algorithms encoded in your office in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hansen called Zuckerberg \"the world's most powerful editor\" and wrote that Facebook's prominence as a platform opens up possibilities — and risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you will not distinguish between child pornography and documentary photographs from a war, this will simply promote stupidity and fail to bring human beings closer to each other,\" he warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg joined in the protest on Friday. After Facebook removed the Kim Phuc photo, she reposted it with a censoring black rectangle — and gave several other historic images the same treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on Friday, Facebook said in a statement that it would be reversing course on the image, given \"its status as an iconic image of historical importance\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"After hearing from our community, we looked again at how our Community Standards were applied in this case. An image of a naked child would normally be presumed to violate our Community Standards, and in some countries might even qualify as child pornography. In this case, we recognize the history and global importance of this image in documenting a particular moment in time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The company said it would reinstate the photo in places where it knew it had been removed — which might take a few days — and will adjust its \"review mechanisms\" so it can be shared on the site moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media giant did not apologize for the earlier decision to remove the photo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Facebook+Censored+Iconic+Photo%2C+Norwegian+Newspaper+Pushed+Back&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "WATCH: In Morning Interview, Gary Johnson Asks 'What Is Aleppo?'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson asked a television interviewer Thursday, \"What is Aleppo?\" betraying a lack of interest or even superficial knowledge of the civil war in Syria that's been raging for more than five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question came \u003ca href=\"http://on.msnbc.com/2cmY7LZ\" target=\"_blank\">during an interview\u003c/a> on MSNBC's \"Morning Joe.\" Panelist Mike Barnicle asked the two-time libertarian nominee and former governor of New Mexico, \"What would you do if you were elected, about Aleppo?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MSNBC/status/773852432514162688\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Barnicle thought Johnson was joking — replying with \"you're kidding\" — when Johnson didn't recognize the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the beginning of the exchange:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: What would you do if you were elected, about Aleppo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GARY JOHNSON: About?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Aleppo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: And what is Aleppo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: You're kidding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Aleppo is in Syria. It's the – it's the epicenter of the refugee crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: Okay, got it. Got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Aleppo was Syria's largest city before the war and is a central battleground in the fight between government forces and the opposition. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/18/490461992/a-wounded-child-in-aleppo-silent-and-still-shocks-the-world\" target=\"_blank\">iconic photo\u003c/a> of five-year-old bombing victim Omran Daqneesh, widely seen on TV and newspapers last month, was taken in Aleppo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Barnicle explained, \"Aleppo is in Syria. It's the epicenter of the refugee crisis,\" Johnson tried to regroup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK. Got it,\" Johnson said, falling back on libertarian principles of limited foreign engagement. \"Well, with regard to Syria, I do think that it's a mess. And I think the only way that we deal with Syria is to join hands with Russia to diplomatically bring that at an end. But when we've aligned ourselves with, when we've supported the opposition, the Free Syrian Army, the Free Syrian Army is also coupled with the Islamists, and then the fact that we're also supporting the Kurds. And this is – it's just a mess,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do understand Aleppo,\" he continued later in the interview. \"And I understand the crisis that is going on. But when we involve ourselves militarily, when we involve ourselves in these humanitarian issues, we end up with a situation that in most cases is not better and in many cases ends up being worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also suggested that the war in Syria is the result of a U.S.-backed effort at regime change. While President Obama argues that Syrian President Bashar Assad should be removed from power through diplomatic means, the administration has avoided military action directed at the regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson's later tried to explain: \"This morning, I began my day by setting aside any doubt that I'm human. Yes, I understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict — I talk about them every day,\" Johnson said in a statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/gary-johnson-explains-aleppo-227878#ixzz4Jfr96unY\" target=\"_blank\">as reported by Politico\u003c/a>. \"But hit with 'What about Aleppo?' I immediately was thinking about an acronym, not the Syrian conflict. I blanked. It happens, and it will happen again during the course of this campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also acknowledged the interview was a black eye for his campaign, which is currently drawing support from nine percent of the public, according to an average of polls compiled by Real Clear Politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel horrible,\" Johnson told Mark Halperin of Bloomberg Politics. \"I have to get smarter, and that's just part of the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton briefly addressed the flub Thursday morning in response to a question from a reporter. \"Well, you can look at the map and find Aleppo,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aleppo\" quickly trended nationally on Twitter, with many criticizing the candidate's misstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson and Green Party nominee Jill Stein have attracted unusual attention for third-party candidates this year, as many voters seek an alternative to the Republican and Democratic standard-bearers, both of whom are saddled with high unfavorable ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein also garnered headlines this week while taking part in a demonstration against a controversial oil pipeline in North Dakota. The local sheriff says Stein could face criminal charges for trespassing and spray-painting construction equipment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+In+Morning+Interview%2C+Gary+Johnson+Asks+%27What+Is+Aleppo%3F%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In response to the question \"What would you do if you were elected about Aleppo?\" Johnson did not recognize the war-torn Syrian city that has been a center of the refugee crisis.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson asked a television interviewer Thursday, \"What is Aleppo?\" betraying a lack of interest or even superficial knowledge of the civil war in Syria that's been raging for more than five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question came \u003ca href=\"http://on.msnbc.com/2cmY7LZ\" target=\"_blank\">during an interview\u003c/a> on MSNBC's \"Morning Joe.\" Panelist Mike Barnicle asked the two-time libertarian nominee and former governor of New Mexico, \"What would you do if you were elected, about Aleppo?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At first, Barnicle thought Johnson was joking — replying with \"you're kidding\" — when Johnson didn't recognize the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the beginning of the exchange:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: What would you do if you were elected, about Aleppo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GARY JOHNSON: About?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Aleppo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: And what is Aleppo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: You're kidding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Aleppo is in Syria. It's the – it's the epicenter of the refugee crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JOHNSON: Okay, got it. Got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNICLE: Okay.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Aleppo was Syria's largest city before the war and is a central battleground in the fight between government forces and the opposition. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/18/490461992/a-wounded-child-in-aleppo-silent-and-still-shocks-the-world\" target=\"_blank\">iconic photo\u003c/a> of five-year-old bombing victim Omran Daqneesh, widely seen on TV and newspapers last month, was taken in Aleppo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Barnicle explained, \"Aleppo is in Syria. It's the epicenter of the refugee crisis,\" Johnson tried to regroup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK. Got it,\" Johnson said, falling back on libertarian principles of limited foreign engagement. \"Well, with regard to Syria, I do think that it's a mess. And I think the only way that we deal with Syria is to join hands with Russia to diplomatically bring that at an end. But when we've aligned ourselves with, when we've supported the opposition, the Free Syrian Army, the Free Syrian Army is also coupled with the Islamists, and then the fact that we're also supporting the Kurds. And this is – it's just a mess,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do understand Aleppo,\" he continued later in the interview. \"And I understand the crisis that is going on. But when we involve ourselves militarily, when we involve ourselves in these humanitarian issues, we end up with a situation that in most cases is not better and in many cases ends up being worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also suggested that the war in Syria is the result of a U.S.-backed effort at regime change. While President Obama argues that Syrian President Bashar Assad should be removed from power through diplomatic means, the administration has avoided military action directed at the regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson's later tried to explain: \"This morning, I began my day by setting aside any doubt that I'm human. Yes, I understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict — I talk about them every day,\" Johnson said in a statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/gary-johnson-explains-aleppo-227878#ixzz4Jfr96unY\" target=\"_blank\">as reported by Politico\u003c/a>. \"But hit with 'What about Aleppo?' I immediately was thinking about an acronym, not the Syrian conflict. I blanked. It happens, and it will happen again during the course of this campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also acknowledged the interview was a black eye for his campaign, which is currently drawing support from nine percent of the public, according to an average of polls compiled by Real Clear Politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel horrible,\" Johnson told Mark Halperin of Bloomberg Politics. \"I have to get smarter, and that's just part of the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton briefly addressed the flub Thursday morning in response to a question from a reporter. \"Well, you can look at the map and find Aleppo,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aleppo\" quickly trended nationally on Twitter, with many criticizing the candidate's misstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson and Green Party nominee Jill Stein have attracted unusual attention for third-party candidates this year, as many voters seek an alternative to the Republican and Democratic standard-bearers, both of whom are saddled with high unfavorable ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein also garnered headlines this week while taking part in a demonstration against a controversial oil pipeline in North Dakota. The local sheriff says Stein could face criminal charges for trespassing and spray-painting construction equipment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+In+Morning+Interview%2C+Gary+Johnson+Asks+%27What+Is+Aleppo%3F%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trial Opens for Occupiers of Oregon Wildlife Refuge",
"title": "Trial Opens for Occupiers of Oregon Wildlife Refuge",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The armed occupation of Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge lasted for 41 days. The conspiracy trial for the first defendants in the case — which begins Wednesday, with the start of jury selection — could drag on far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in May, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-occupation-trial-could-last-for-months/\">raised the question\u003c/a> of how the court should handle breaks for Thanksgiving and Christmas, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Heaven forbid we're still doing this then,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that the Malheur occupation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">began in January\u003c/a>, born of a protest against the arson convictions of two ranchers and fueled by opposition to federal land ownership and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen people were indicted on conspiracy charges in connection with the case. Many have pleaded guilty, while several others are \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-refuge-occupation-defendants-trial-status-criminal-case/\">set to go on trial in February\u003c/a>. Charges against one man — Peter Santilli, who broadcast live from the occupation — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">dropped on Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first trial begins today, against seven defendants — including leader Ammon Bundy and the last occupier to leave, David Fry, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466394039/listen-final-occupier-refusing-to-leave-oregon-wildlife-refuge\">tense final hours\u003c/a> at the refuge were live-streamed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Conrad Wilson of Oregon Public Broadcasting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492926680/trial-to-begin-in-occupation-of-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge\">reports\u003c/a>, the government is accusing the occupiers of using force, intimidation and threats to impede federal employees from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prosecutors also charged some of the defendants with using firearms in a federal facility and theft of government property,\" Wilson reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Sali, a Portland-area criminal defense attorney, tells Wilson the trial isn't your typical criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In most cases, a) there's some dispute over what actually happened; b) there might be at least some question as to sort of the legality of things that were done; and c) the defendant's goal is to be acquitted or to minimize the charges or to minimize sentencing,\" Sali said. \"Here, most of those things are absent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defendants say they were exercising their First and Second Amendment rights and that they didn't impede any workers from performing their duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want more details on the defense strategy, Wilson and his colleagues at OPB have a new podcast on the case and have dedicated an entire episode to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/this-land-is-our-land-defense-strategy/\">that question\u003c/a>. And, of course, you can follow that podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/occupation-trial-podcast-this-land-is-our-land/\">This Land Is Our Land\u003c/a>, to keep up with developments as the trial moves forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, several of the defendants in Oregon are also facing charges in Nevada, related to the 2014 standoff between rancher Cliven Bundy — Ammon's father — and the Bureau of Land Management, Wilson notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trial is scheduled to begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trial+Opens+For+Occupiers+Of+Oregon+Wildlife+Refuge+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The armed occupation of Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge lasted for 41 days. The conspiracy trial for the first defendants in the case — which begins Wednesday, with the start of jury selection — could drag on far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in May, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-occupation-trial-could-last-for-months/\">raised the question\u003c/a> of how the court should handle breaks for Thanksgiving and Christmas, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Heaven forbid we're still doing this then,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that the Malheur occupation \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">began in January\u003c/a>, born of a protest against the arson convictions of two ranchers and fueled by opposition to federal land ownership and management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen people were indicted on conspiracy charges in connection with the case. Many have pleaded guilty, while several others are \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/malheur-refuge-occupation-defendants-trial-status-criminal-case/\">set to go on trial in February\u003c/a>. Charges against one man — Peter Santilli, who broadcast live from the occupation — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">dropped on Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first trial begins today, against seven defendants — including leader Ammon Bundy and the last occupier to leave, David Fry, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466394039/listen-final-occupier-refusing-to-leave-oregon-wildlife-refuge\">tense final hours\u003c/a> at the refuge were live-streamed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Conrad Wilson of Oregon Public Broadcasting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492926680/trial-to-begin-in-occupation-of-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge\">reports\u003c/a>, the government is accusing the occupiers of using force, intimidation and threats to impede federal employees from doing their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prosecutors also charged some of the defendants with using firearms in a federal facility and theft of government property,\" Wilson reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Sali, a Portland-area criminal defense attorney, tells Wilson the trial isn't your typical criminal case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In most cases, a) there's some dispute over what actually happened; b) there might be at least some question as to sort of the legality of things that were done; and c) the defendant's goal is to be acquitted or to minimize the charges or to minimize sentencing,\" Sali said. \"Here, most of those things are absent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defendants say they were exercising their First and Second Amendment rights and that they didn't impede any workers from performing their duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want more details on the defense strategy, Wilson and his colleagues at OPB have a new podcast on the case and have dedicated an entire episode to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/this-land-is-our-land-defense-strategy/\">that question\u003c/a>. And, of course, you can follow that podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/series/burns-oregon-standoff-bundy-militia-news-updates/occupation-trial-podcast-this-land-is-our-land/\">This Land Is Our Land\u003c/a>, to keep up with developments as the trial moves forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, several of the defendants in Oregon are also facing charges in Nevada, related to the 2014 standoff between rancher Cliven Bundy — Ammon's father — and the Bureau of Land Management, Wilson notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trial is scheduled to begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trial+Opens+For+Occupiers+Of+Oregon+Wildlife+Refuge+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Policy in L.A. Cracks Down on Police Shooting at Moving Cars",
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"content": "\u003cp>Heavy scrutiny surrounding officer-involved shootings has some law enforcement leaders rethinking firing at moving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agencies is the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which recently changed its policy on the issue. The LASD is the largest sheriff's department in the country, with about 10,000 full-time sworn personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/11/10/455502419/in-los-angeles-piecing-together-the-numbers-on-police-shootings\">KPCC\u003c/a> has been tracking the use of force by sheriff's deputies as part of an ongoing investigative series called \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\" target=\"_blank\">Officer Involved\u003c/a>. It found almost every driver or passenger shot by deputies was unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry was one of these unarmed drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/480147373/492203180/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Berry sat in his BMW on his home street in Lakewood — a city south of Los Angeles — as sheriff's patrol cars blocked him from driving away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven deputies swarmed the vehicle, as a neighbor recorded the scene on her smartphone, and people called out to \"Johnny,\" urging him to exit the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a 31-year-old restaurant manager, was in the middle of a schizophrenic episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His brother, Chris Berry, says John wasn't armed and wasn't dangerous. In fact, Chris had called deputies for help, perhaps in getting his brother to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chris was shocked when officers pulled out a baton, then a Taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were way too aggressive for someone who doesn't understand what's going on,\" Chris Berry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, John's car lurched forward, then back. The deputies declined to comment for this story, but told homicide investigators they were scared they'd be run over. That's why they shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Berry says there was no reason to shoot and kill John. His brother suffered from a severe mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've known my brother long enough he didn't mean to hurt anybody. He was terrified,\" Chris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shoot Or Get Out Of The Way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry's case raises many issues. Among them is a tactical one that isn't discussed often: Should officers shoot a person if they're afraid of being run over? Or should they just get out of the way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Police Department, which serves the city of Los Angeles, has cracked down on the practice and virtually eliminated shooting at moving cars with unarmed occupants from 2010 through 2014, KPCC found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the KPCC investigation found Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies shot an unarmed passenger or driver in a car at least eight times during the same five-year period because they said they feared being run over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"d4VWctMgmuUU0b3uFFIWCNROLDv0SGsU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, shooting at a moving vehicle doesn't make a lot of sense, says Todd Rogers, an assistant L.A. sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says the shootings in KPCC's investigation are justified. But he also agrees with a growing number of law enforcement leaders who say injuring someone behind the wheel can make the situation more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chances are you are not going to kill the vehicle. You are not going to stop the vehicle. It is still going to be moving forward and everything in its path is going to get hit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver — the target — is hit, that means an unmanned 3,000-pound vehicle is suddenly tearing down the streets of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the issue of bystanders. In May 2005, L.A. sheriff's deputies unloaded 120 rounds on an unarmed man in a Chevy Tahoe in Compton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bullets reportedly sprayed five neighborhood homes. One bullet was found two blocks away, lodged in the wall of an elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, the L.A. Sheriff's Department wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/09/local/me-policy9\">new policy discouraging firing at moving vehicles\u003c/a>. But the shootings continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are probably shooting at moving vehicles too much, because it is not an effective tactic, not because deputies aren't legally justified in doing so,\" Rogers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally justified, Rogers says, because deputies are allowed to shoot when they fear for their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two cases KPCC examined, deputies said the driver reached for a gun. But in all other cases, the weapon was the car itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those two cases and the eight in which no gun was found, there were a total of four fatal shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Van Leeuwen is vice president of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, the deputies' union. He says the solution is training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's Van Leeuween's job as field training officer to teach deputies how to handle threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/08/63409/la-sheriff-bans-deputies-from-shooting-at-moving-c/\">Sheriff's Department changed its policy\u003c/a>, following KPCC's original investigation. It released a training video that teaches deputies that shooting at cars in dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it updated its policy, effective this month, which explicitly states: \"Firearms shall not be discharged at a stationary or moving vehicle, the occupants of a vehicle, or the tires of a vehicle unless a person in the vehicle is imminently threatening the Department member or another person present with deadly force by means other than the moving vehicle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, unless another weapon is present, stop shooting into cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for consequences, the Sheriff's Department will review deviations from this policy on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/aaron-mendelson\">Aaron Mendelson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Heavy scrutiny surrounding officer-involved shootings has some law enforcement leaders rethinking firing at moving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agencies is the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which recently changed its policy on the issue. The LASD is the largest sheriff's department in the country, with about 10,000 full-time sworn personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/11/10/455502419/in-los-angeles-piecing-together-the-numbers-on-police-shootings\">KPCC\u003c/a> has been tracking the use of force by sheriff's deputies as part of an ongoing investigative series called \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\" target=\"_blank\">Officer Involved\u003c/a>. It found almost every driver or passenger shot by deputies was unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry was one of these unarmed drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/480147373/492203180/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Berry sat in his BMW on his home street in Lakewood — a city south of Los Angeles — as sheriff's patrol cars blocked him from driving away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven deputies swarmed the vehicle, as a neighbor recorded the scene on her smartphone, and people called out to \"Johnny,\" urging him to exit the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a 31-year-old restaurant manager, was in the middle of a schizophrenic episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His brother, Chris Berry, says John wasn't armed and wasn't dangerous. In fact, Chris had called deputies for help, perhaps in getting his brother to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chris was shocked when officers pulled out a baton, then a Taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were way too aggressive for someone who doesn't understand what's going on,\" Chris Berry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, John's car lurched forward, then back. The deputies declined to comment for this story, but told homicide investigators they were scared they'd be run over. That's why they shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Berry says there was no reason to shoot and kill John. His brother suffered from a severe mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've known my brother long enough he didn't mean to hurt anybody. He was terrified,\" Chris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shoot Or Get Out Of The Way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Berry's case raises many issues. Among them is a tactical one that isn't discussed often: Should officers shoot a person if they're afraid of being run over? Or should they just get out of the way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Police Department, which serves the city of Los Angeles, has cracked down on the practice and virtually eliminated shooting at moving cars with unarmed occupants from 2010 through 2014, KPCC found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the KPCC investigation found Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies shot an unarmed passenger or driver in a car at least eight times during the same five-year period because they said they feared being run over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, shooting at a moving vehicle doesn't make a lot of sense, says Todd Rogers, an assistant L.A. sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says the shootings in KPCC's investigation are justified. But he also agrees with a growing number of law enforcement leaders who say injuring someone behind the wheel can make the situation more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chances are you are not going to kill the vehicle. You are not going to stop the vehicle. It is still going to be moving forward and everything in its path is going to get hit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the driver — the target — is hit, that means an unmanned 3,000-pound vehicle is suddenly tearing down the streets of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the issue of bystanders. In May 2005, L.A. sheriff's deputies unloaded 120 rounds on an unarmed man in a Chevy Tahoe in Compton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bullets reportedly sprayed five neighborhood homes. One bullet was found two blocks away, lodged in the wall of an elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, the L.A. Sheriff's Department wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/09/local/me-policy9\">new policy discouraging firing at moving vehicles\u003c/a>. But the shootings continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are probably shooting at moving vehicles too much, because it is not an effective tactic, not because deputies aren't legally justified in doing so,\" Rogers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally justified, Rogers says, because deputies are allowed to shoot when they fear for their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two cases KPCC examined, deputies said the driver reached for a gun. But in all other cases, the weapon was the car itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those two cases and the eight in which no gun was found, there were a total of four fatal shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Van Leeuwen is vice president of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, the deputies' union. He says the solution is training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's Van Leeuween's job as field training officer to teach deputies how to handle threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/08/08/63409/la-sheriff-bans-deputies-from-shooting-at-moving-c/\">Sheriff's Department changed its policy\u003c/a>, following KPCC's original investigation. It released a training video that teaches deputies that shooting at cars in dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it updated its policy, effective this month, which explicitly states: \"Firearms shall not be discharged at a stationary or moving vehicle, the occupants of a vehicle, or the tires of a vehicle unless a person in the vehicle is imminently threatening the Department member or another person present with deadly force by means other than the moving vehicle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, unless another weapon is present, stop shooting into cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for consequences, the Sheriff's Department will review deviations from this policy on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/aaron-mendelson\">Aaron Mendelson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Inside a sprawling warehouse just outside downtown Los Angeles, a line of seamstresses sew high-end blouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This city is still the garment capital of the U.S., even though it employs a fraction of the workers it once did. Since 1990, the number of U.S. apparel manufacturing jobs has fallen by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The charts and the statistics are really frightening,\" says Ilse Metchek, head of the California Fashion Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek, who has worked in the industry for half a century, says she has seen firsthand the devastating effects free trade agreements have had across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely terrible,\" Metchek says. In the years after the North American Free Trade Agreement, she says, \"we lost 50,000 jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately all the talk in politics has been about what would happen to the country if America were less engaged with the world — and if cutting off trade could, indeed, bring jobs back. And nowhere in the country have the effects of trade — both positive and negative — been more visible than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ogEEtkzYhViFlujx91cH6ZEMBUHKgqMx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek says trade has been a one-way street for American workers — a flood of cheap imports. And in terms of exports? There are almost none. She couldn't name a single company that makes clothes in L.A. and sends them overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478553872/report-says-trade-deal-would-boost-u-s-economy-but-opponents-say-no\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> would make things even worse because it sets rules for 12 countries, but not China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an open door for China to ship to the United States, duty-free,\" Metchek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she doesn't like the anti-trade rhetoric that has dominated this campaign from Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to start making things again. We're going to start up our manufacturing businesses,\" Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton says, \"I believe we can still make it in America and export from America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek finds that kind of talk naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because you close trade doesn't mean factories are coming back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apparel factories that do remain in the U.S. make \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/12/01/456027751/from-pocket-lining-to-jeans-a-niche-means-survival-in-la-fashion\">high-end fashion\u003c/a> — $300 designer jeans, $160 shirts. But as for the clothes most people wear, Metchek says there is no way you could make them cheaply enough in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest problem is, of course, that we have a concept that if we make it here the world would want it,\" she says. \"The world is not waiting for American product. We're kidding ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in apparel. But in more advanced manufacturing, it's a different story. The world often \u003cem>is \u003c/em>waiting for made-in-USA goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11067464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, a carbon fiber core rolls through a long machine as a worker gives one last quality control check. This is the factory of CTC Global, which makes conductors that improve efficiency in power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer Marv Sepe says more than 80 percent of the company's products are exported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So anything that would hamper our ability to sell into foreign markets would impact us greatly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTC Global is typical of the factories that now dominate Southern California. It's not making T-shirts, but rather high-value products that get shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also lean, with just 130 workers. That's why it's cost-effective for the company to still make its conductors in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've done a very good job of automating the process,\" Sepe says. \"We can have a minimal number of people producing the maximum amount of product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not a popular thing to say, but most economists agree: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489490830/presidential-campaigns-are-talking-around-the-robot-in-the-room\">It's automation\u003c/a> — not trade — that's to blame for most of the job losses in manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't play as well on the campaign trail as what Trump says: \"Other people are taking your jobs and our jobs are disappearing. They're going to other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"u4tdcuO5VFtP3TFxhjneL6FsrGDArVmv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though she's considered less protectionist than Trump, Hillary Clinton came out last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/07/446672839/clinton-breaks-with-obama-to-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership\">against the Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the largest trade agreement in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I know about it, as of today I am not in favor of what I have learned about it,\" Clinton has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepe is still holding out hope the treaty will be ratified. He says it would help open new markets to sell his conductors, so he is dismayed that both Clinton and Trump oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are not selling enough product in the United States and you need to go into foreign markets, why would you cut that off?\" Sepe says. \"Ninety-five percent of the world's consumers are outside the United States. We need to go out and compete worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And competing means California shouldn't close its doors to bringing in goods from other countries, says Kevin Klowden, an economist at the Milken Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imports are still more important because we are the main gateway for manufactured goods from China into the United States,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When operations at West Coast ports \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/14/386199926/west-coast-port-closures-are-hitting-several-industries-hard\">ground to a halt\u003c/a> last year because of a labor dispute, L.A.'s economy took a big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klowden says it's proof of how important trade has become, supporting a vast number of workers who transport and process all that stuff we buy from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the slowdown had turned into a full strike, it potentially could have pushed the Los Angeles area into recession,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the U.S. got into a trade war with China, that's exactly what he worries would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Inside a sprawling warehouse just outside downtown Los Angeles, a line of seamstresses sew high-end blouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This city is still the garment capital of the U.S., even though it employs a fraction of the workers it once did. Since 1990, the number of U.S. apparel manufacturing jobs has fallen by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The charts and the statistics are really frightening,\" says Ilse Metchek, head of the California Fashion Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek, who has worked in the industry for half a century, says she has seen firsthand the devastating effects free trade agreements have had across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely terrible,\" Metchek says. In the years after the North American Free Trade Agreement, she says, \"we lost 50,000 jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately all the talk in politics has been about what would happen to the country if America were less engaged with the world — and if cutting off trade could, indeed, bring jobs back. And nowhere in the country have the effects of trade — both positive and negative — been more visible than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek says trade has been a one-way street for American workers — a flood of cheap imports. And in terms of exports? There are almost none. She couldn't name a single company that makes clothes in L.A. and sends them overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478553872/report-says-trade-deal-would-boost-u-s-economy-but-opponents-say-no\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> would make things even worse because it sets rules for 12 countries, but not China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an open door for China to ship to the United States, duty-free,\" Metchek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she doesn't like the anti-trade rhetoric that has dominated this campaign from Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to start making things again. We're going to start up our manufacturing businesses,\" Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton says, \"I believe we can still make it in America and export from America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metchek finds that kind of talk naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just because you close trade doesn't mean factories are coming back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apparel factories that do remain in the U.S. make \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/12/01/456027751/from-pocket-lining-to-jeans-a-niche-means-survival-in-la-fashion\">high-end fashion\u003c/a> — $300 designer jeans, $160 shirts. But as for the clothes most people wear, Metchek says there is no way you could make them cheaply enough in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest problem is, of course, that we have a concept that if we make it here the world would want it,\" she says. \"The world is not waiting for American product. We're kidding ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in apparel. But in more advanced manufacturing, it's a different story. The world often \u003cem>is \u003c/em>waiting for made-in-USA goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11067464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11067464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/nation-engaged-sugarman002_custom-0909546f8143a6fe48896d8392ca33a254c11fc4-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CTC Global uses reels of carbon in manufacturing its conductors, which improve efficiency in power lines. The company exports more than 80 percent of its products. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, a carbon fiber core rolls through a long machine as a worker gives one last quality control check. This is the factory of CTC Global, which makes conductors that improve efficiency in power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer Marv Sepe says more than 80 percent of the company's products are exported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So anything that would hamper our ability to sell into foreign markets would impact us greatly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTC Global is typical of the factories that now dominate Southern California. It's not making T-shirts, but rather high-value products that get shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also lean, with just 130 workers. That's why it's cost-effective for the company to still make its conductors in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've done a very good job of automating the process,\" Sepe says. \"We can have a minimal number of people producing the maximum amount of product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not a popular thing to say, but most economists agree: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489490830/presidential-campaigns-are-talking-around-the-robot-in-the-room\">It's automation\u003c/a> — not trade — that's to blame for most of the job losses in manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't play as well on the campaign trail as what Trump says: \"Other people are taking your jobs and our jobs are disappearing. They're going to other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though she's considered less protectionist than Trump, Hillary Clinton came out last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/07/446672839/clinton-breaks-with-obama-to-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership\">against the Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the largest trade agreement in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I know about it, as of today I am not in favor of what I have learned about it,\" Clinton has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepe is still holding out hope the treaty will be ratified. He says it would help open new markets to sell his conductors, so he is dismayed that both Clinton and Trump oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are not selling enough product in the United States and you need to go into foreign markets, why would you cut that off?\" Sepe says. \"Ninety-five percent of the world's consumers are outside the United States. We need to go out and compete worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And competing means California shouldn't close its doors to bringing in goods from other countries, says Kevin Klowden, an economist at the Milken Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imports are still more important because we are the main gateway for manufactured goods from China into the United States,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When operations at West Coast ports \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/14/386199926/west-coast-port-closures-are-hitting-several-industries-hard\">ground to a halt\u003c/a> last year because of a labor dispute, L.A.'s economy took a big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klowden says it's proof of how important trade has become, supporting a vast number of workers who transport and process all that stuff we buy from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the slowdown had turned into a full strike, it potentially could have pushed the Los Angeles area into recession,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the U.S. got into a trade war with China, that's exactly what he worries would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why California's New Farmworker Overtime Bill May Not Mean Bigger Paychecks",
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"content": "\u003cp>Maria Diaz sorts green bell peppers along an outdoor conveyor belt on a farm 25 miles west of Sacramento, discarding leaves and stems quickly before peppers are swept away by a mini-roller coaster onto a tractor-trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz, a single parent of three, is one of roughly 800,000 farmworkers in California. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\">bill recently passed by the California Legislature\u003c/a>, Diaz could collect overtime pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz says growers should pay overtime after eight hours. She adds that those extra earnings would help her cover child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eRmuXDk7o0X12CcunUvtKItAnEcf5gPM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers currently earn overtime after 10 hours a day or after working 60 hours a week. But under a bill awaiting action from Gov. Jerry Brown, they would be eligible for overtime the way most laborers are — if they work more than eight hours in a day or more than 40 hours in a week. The change would be a first for farmworkers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out it might not add up to bigger paychecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts and one-third of vegetables come from California, so higher labor costs could mean higher food bills no matter where you live in the country. If Brown signs the bill, Jeff Merwin, an alfalfa farmer and president of the Yolo County Farm Bureau, says his employees will end up losing money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not being told the story. What they're being fed is this utopian line of 'It'll be great, you'll get all this overtime because they'll pay it. You know they'll pay it.' How?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11066109\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11066109\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg. \u003ccite>(Julia Mitric/Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now Merwin's employees work about 60 hours at straight time. He says he can't afford to pay overtime, so he'll just have to cut back their hours — or find a way to do the same work in less time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I'm not the Grinch here. All I'm saying is it's Economics 101,\" he says. \"If the money's not there, you can't pay it. And the money is not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, professor emeritus of agricultural economics at the University of California, Davis, says there are no data on exactly who works how many hours when it comes to U.S. farmworkers. He says that's the big problem with predicting how new overtime rules will affect farmworkers and their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So in a sense, we're making policy based on assumptions which may or may not be true,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Martin says, California is a crazy patchwork when it comes to regulating farm labor. Farmworkers are excluded from certain rights; in other cases, they receive special protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says the first step in coming up with a more comprehensive solution is updating the picture of farmworkers — from Dust Bowl-era \u003cem>Grapes of Wrath\u003c/em> to the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a different story than many people have in their mind, from the days when most farmworkers were single men who lived on the farm where they worked and lived in dorms and things like that. That still exists, but it's very rare,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the governor signs the bill by Wednesday, the new overtime rules will be phased in over the next six years in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">Capital Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maria Diaz sorts green bell peppers along an outdoor conveyor belt on a farm 25 miles west of Sacramento, discarding leaves and stems quickly before peppers are swept away by a mini-roller coaster onto a tractor-trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz, a single parent of three, is one of roughly 800,000 farmworkers in California. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\">bill recently passed by the California Legislature\u003c/a>, Diaz could collect overtime pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz says growers should pay overtime after eight hours. She adds that those extra earnings would help her cover child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers currently earn overtime after 10 hours a day or after working 60 hours a week. But under a bill awaiting action from Gov. Jerry Brown, they would be eligible for overtime the way most laborers are — if they work more than eight hours in a day or more than 40 hours in a week. The change would be a first for farmworkers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out it might not add up to bigger paychecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts and one-third of vegetables come from California, so higher labor costs could mean higher food bills no matter where you live in the country. If Brown signs the bill, Jeff Merwin, an alfalfa farmer and president of the Yolo County Farm Bureau, says his employees will end up losing money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not being told the story. What they're being fed is this utopian line of 'It'll be great, you'll get all this overtime because they'll pay it. You know they'll pay it.' How?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11066109\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11066109\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/merwin_vert-8930cb917f3b27a36aad7c780d213c84f844923f.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Third-generation farmer Jeff Merwin farms alfalfa and seed crops in Clarksburg. \u003ccite>(Julia Mitric/Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now Merwin's employees work about 60 hours at straight time. He says he can't afford to pay overtime, so he'll just have to cut back their hours — or find a way to do the same work in less time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I'm not the Grinch here. All I'm saying is it's Economics 101,\" he says. \"If the money's not there, you can't pay it. And the money is not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, professor emeritus of agricultural economics at the University of California, Davis, says there are no data on exactly who works how many hours when it comes to U.S. farmworkers. He says that's the big problem with predicting how new overtime rules will affect farmworkers and their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So in a sense, we're making policy based on assumptions which may or may not be true,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Martin says, California is a crazy patchwork when it comes to regulating farm labor. Farmworkers are excluded from certain rights; in other cases, they receive special protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says the first step in coming up with a more comprehensive solution is updating the picture of farmworkers — from Dust Bowl-era \u003cem>Grapes of Wrath\u003c/em> to the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a different story than many people have in their mind, from the days when most farmworkers were single men who lived on the farm where they worked and lived in dorms and things like that. That still exists, but it's very rare,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the governor signs the bill by Wednesday, the new overtime rules will be phased in over the next six years in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">Capital Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Looking for Alien Life Investigate 'Interesting' Signal From Space",
"title": "Scientists Looking for Alien Life Investigate 'Interesting' Signal From Space",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>They aren't saying it's alien. But they are saying it's \"interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> — the private organization that looks for signals of extraterrestrial life — has announced that it is investigating reports of an unusual radio signal picked up by Russian astronomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal was detected on a much wider bandwidth than the SETI Institute uses in its searches, and the strength of the received signal was \"weak,\" SETI Institute astronomer Seth Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/a-seti-signal\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unusual, both in its design and its \"beam shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal \u003cem>might\u003c/em> be coming from a solar system called HD 164595, some 94 light-years away from us, Shostak wrote. It seems to be coming from that direction, at any rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That system has a star similar to ours. There's one known planet circling that star, about the size of Neptune and very close to the star. That planet doesn't seem like a good candidate for hosting life, but other planets might also be in the system, Shostak wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's no guarantee that the signal is, in fact, coming from the system. And even if it is, that doesn't mean it's definitely coming from intelligent life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomer Nick Suntzeff \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/seti-has-observed-a-strong-signal-that-may-originate-from-a-sun-like-star/\">told Ars Technica\u003c/a> that there's a \"significant chance\" it could be military — that is, coming from covert satellite communications instead of beaming to us from HD 164595.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are \"natural sources\" that could conceivably cause a wide-band signal like the one detected, Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">told GeekWire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the astronomers who first detected the signal, in May 2015, didn't immediately alert the scientific community and ask for help confirming the signal. That suggests they were not persuaded this was extraterrestrial life reaching out, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Shostak wrote on SETI's site that it's \"not terribly promising\" that this is a message from alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11065885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11065885\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May 2015. \u003ccite>(SAO RAS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To put things in perspective, Eric Korpela, an astronomer at UC Berkeley who is a project scientist for the SETI@home project, notes that there are millions of \"potential signals\" that have been detected from space, and that this signal was detected only once out of 39 scans. \"I was unimpressed,\" he wrote \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?nowrap=true&id=80193\">on a SETI forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now is not the time for either delight or panic, depending on your feelings about encountering alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it \u003cem>is \u003c/em>time for more investigation, Shostak says. The SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array in California has been turned toward HD 164595 since Sunday evening, looking for a repeat of the signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://meti.org/optical-seti\">METI International\u003c/a> is also using a Panama-based observatory to investigate in that direction, \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">GeekWire reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that in 1977, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2010/05/28/126510251/aliens-found-in-ohio-the-wow-signal\">astronomers detected the \"Wow\" signal\u003c/a>, an odd burst that might, possibly, have been sent by alien life-forms. But it has never been detected again, leaving scientists with little to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If things are different this time around and one of the arrays finds a repeat of the new signal, that would \"immediately spur\" follow-up research, Shostak writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, it has prompted speculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, astronomers are cautioning that this might easily be a false alarm. But if the signal \u003cem>were \u003c/em>sent from alien life in the HD 164595 system, what would that mean? There are two primary options, Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scenario is that the life-forms sent a powerful signal in all directions — a \"here I am\" sent to the universe in general. To reach us at its current strength, that would mean the planet had access to 100 billion watts of energy, \"hundreds of times more energy than all the sunlight falling on Earth,\" Shostak wrote, indicating a very advanced alien society, with capabilities far beyond ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternately, the message could have been directed at us. That's a lower energy requirement — about equal to \"the total energy consumption of all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that case, they'd have to know we're here. The system is too far away to have picked up any TV or radar from humans on Earth, \"and it's hard to understand why anyone would want to target our solar system,\" Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Russian astronomers detected an unusual radio signal last year. The SETI Institute says it's too soon to say where the signal came from -- but researchers are checking it out.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They aren't saying it's alien. But they are saying it's \"interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\" target=\"_blank\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> — the private organization that looks for signals of extraterrestrial life — has announced that it is investigating reports of an unusual radio signal picked up by Russian astronomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal was detected on a much wider bandwidth than the SETI Institute uses in its searches, and the strength of the received signal was \"weak,\" SETI Institute astronomer Seth Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/seti-institute/a-seti-signal\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unusual, both in its design and its \"beam shape,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal \u003cem>might\u003c/em> be coming from a solar system called HD 164595, some 94 light-years away from us, Shostak wrote. It seems to be coming from that direction, at any rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That system has a star similar to ours. There's one known planet circling that star, about the size of Neptune and very close to the star. That planet doesn't seem like a good candidate for hosting life, but other planets might also be in the system, Shostak wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's no guarantee that the signal is, in fact, coming from the system. And even if it is, that doesn't mean it's definitely coming from intelligent life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomer Nick Suntzeff \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/seti-has-observed-a-strong-signal-that-may-originate-from-a-sun-like-star/\">told Ars Technica\u003c/a> that there's a \"significant chance\" it could be military — that is, coming from covert satellite communications instead of beaming to us from HD 164595.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are \"natural sources\" that could conceivably cause a wide-band signal like the one detected, Shostak \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">told GeekWire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the astronomers who first detected the signal, in May 2015, didn't immediately alert the scientific community and ask for help confirming the signal. That suggests they were not persuaded this was extraterrestrial life reaching out, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Shostak wrote on SETI's site that it's \"not terribly promising\" that this is a message from alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11065885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11065885\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May, 2015. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Ratan600-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, which detected the signal in May 2015. \u003ccite>(SAO RAS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To put things in perspective, Eric Korpela, an astronomer at UC Berkeley who is a project scientist for the SETI@home project, notes that there are millions of \"potential signals\" that have been detected from space, and that this signal was detected only once out of 39 scans. \"I was unimpressed,\" he wrote \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?nowrap=true&id=80193\">on a SETI forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now is not the time for either delight or panic, depending on your feelings about encountering alien life-forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it \u003cem>is \u003c/em>time for more investigation, Shostak says. The SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array in California has been turned toward HD 164595 since Sunday evening, looking for a repeat of the signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://meti.org/optical-seti\">METI International\u003c/a> is also using a Panama-based observatory to investigate in that direction, \u003ca href=\"http://www.geekwire.com/2016/signal-seti-interest-hd164595/\">GeekWire reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might remember that in 1977, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2010/05/28/126510251/aliens-found-in-ohio-the-wow-signal\">astronomers detected the \"Wow\" signal\u003c/a>, an odd burst that might, possibly, have been sent by alien life-forms. But it has never been detected again, leaving scientists with little to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If things are different this time around and one of the arrays finds a repeat of the new signal, that would \"immediately spur\" follow-up research, Shostak writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, it has prompted speculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, astronomers are cautioning that this might easily be a false alarm. But if the signal \u003cem>were \u003c/em>sent from alien life in the HD 164595 system, what would that mean? There are two primary options, Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One scenario is that the life-forms sent a powerful signal in all directions — a \"here I am\" sent to the universe in general. To reach us at its current strength, that would mean the planet had access to 100 billion watts of energy, \"hundreds of times more energy than all the sunlight falling on Earth,\" Shostak wrote, indicating a very advanced alien society, with capabilities far beyond ours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternately, the message could have been directed at us. That's a lower energy requirement — about equal to \"the total energy consumption of all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that case, they'd have to know we're here. The system is too far away to have picked up any TV or radar from humans on Earth, \"and it's hard to understand why anyone would want to target our solar system,\" Shostak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla Motors moved a step closer in its bid to buy SolarCity after federal regulators said the $2.6 billion deal doesn't present antitrust concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla announced plans to purchase the solar panel installer earlier this month, and Reuters says the Federal Trade Commission quickly signed off \"because the merging companies have few or no overlaps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Jeff Brady has more on the deal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Tesla is pursing the acquisition because on top of building cars, the company says it wants to produce the renewable energy that could power them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The deal comes as rooftop solar companies face pressure from competition and a changing regulatory landscape. Utility regulators across the country have begun reducing the subsidies designed to encourage new solar panel installations.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.solarcity.com/tesla-and-solarcity-to-combine/\">SolarCity agreed to the deal\u003c/a> amid decreased expectations of growth for the company. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-08-09/solarcity-earnings-the-ultimate-tesla-takeover-pitch\">As Bloomberg Gadfly\u003c/a> columnist Liam Denning wrote shortly after:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"SolarCity's cash balance at the end of June was less than a third the level of a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SolarCity blamed the rapid burn in the second quarter in part on Tesla's initial takeover announcement, saying it complicated getting some financing in the door by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that takeover offer is a lifeline, albeit a qualified one. Until Tesla made its announcement, SolarCity's stock had joined its peers in a downhill run this year.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January, Brady reported that the company would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/13/462883585/solar-firms-stop-selling-panels-in-nevada-to-protest-state-rule-change\">cut more than 500 jobs\u003c/a> after Nevada regulators \"increased a fee for solar customers and reduced how much utilities pay for excess power sold back to the grid.\" And just this week, SolarCity announced layoffs for 108 employees at two of its California offices in anticipation of the Tesla deal, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_30280720/solarcity-lay-off-108-workers-san-mateo-san\">the Mercury News\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report came a day after Tesla CEO Elon Musk — who is SolarCity's chairman, its largest shareholder and a cousin of founders Lyndon and Peter Rive — announced his plan to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-solarcity-debt-idUSKCN10Y2G6\">purchase $65 million in bonds\u003c/a> from SolarCity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla Motors moved a step closer in its bid to buy SolarCity after federal regulators said the $2.6 billion deal doesn't present antitrust concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla announced plans to purchase the solar panel installer earlier this month, and Reuters says the Federal Trade Commission quickly signed off \"because the merging companies have few or no overlaps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Jeff Brady has more on the deal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Tesla is pursing the acquisition because on top of building cars, the company says it wants to produce the renewable energy that could power them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The deal comes as rooftop solar companies face pressure from competition and a changing regulatory landscape. Utility regulators across the country have begun reducing the subsidies designed to encourage new solar panel installations.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.solarcity.com/tesla-and-solarcity-to-combine/\">SolarCity agreed to the deal\u003c/a> amid decreased expectations of growth for the company. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-08-09/solarcity-earnings-the-ultimate-tesla-takeover-pitch\">As Bloomberg Gadfly\u003c/a> columnist Liam Denning wrote shortly after:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"SolarCity's cash balance at the end of June was less than a third the level of a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SolarCity blamed the rapid burn in the second quarter in part on Tesla's initial takeover announcement, saying it complicated getting some financing in the door by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But that takeover offer is a lifeline, albeit a qualified one. Until Tesla made its announcement, SolarCity's stock had joined its peers in a downhill run this year.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In January, Brady reported that the company would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/13/462883585/solar-firms-stop-selling-panels-in-nevada-to-protest-state-rule-change\">cut more than 500 jobs\u003c/a> after Nevada regulators \"increased a fee for solar customers and reduced how much utilities pay for excess power sold back to the grid.\" And just this week, SolarCity announced layoffs for 108 employees at two of its California offices in anticipation of the Tesla deal, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_30280720/solarcity-lay-off-108-workers-san-mateo-san\">the Mercury News\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That report came a day after Tesla CEO Elon Musk — who is SolarCity's chairman, its largest shareholder and a cousin of founders Lyndon and Peter Rive — announced his plan to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-solarcity-debt-idUSKCN10Y2G6\">purchase $65 million in bonds\u003c/a> from SolarCity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Firefighters have reached full containment of a blaze east of Los Angeles that forced tens of thousands to evacuate their homes. At the same time, multiple wildfires continued to challenge crews throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Department of Forestry and Fire Information declared \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4962/\">the Blue Cut Fire\u003c/a> 100 percent contained Tuesday — but not before the 36,000-acre fire destroyed nearly 100 homes and forced the evacuation of 80,000 people in San Bernardino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Saturday, crews had largely contained the blaze, allowing the lifting of evacuation orders \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/20/490739379/photos-firefighters-gain-ground-on-californias-blue-cut-wildfire\"> for many residents\u003c/a>. NPR's Nathan Rott says more than 300 crews were pulled off the fire as it dwindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CALFIRE_PIO/status/768104511562932224\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Attention is turning from that fire ... toward others,\" Rott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 10,000 fire personnel are battling six major wildfires, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1389\">the Chimney Fire\u003c/a>, which is burning in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CALFIRE_PIO/status/767519722778693632\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inferno has already consumed 53 structures and 37,101 acres in Central California near Hearst Castle, built by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, now a tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the California Parks Department announced the property's closure owing to poor air quality. \u003ca href=\"http://hearstcastle.org/\">It remains closed\u003c/a> through the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 4,000 fire personnel are working on that fire, which is considered 35 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the long-burning \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1348\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained. The fire has been burning for a month and has consumed some 87,000 acres north of Big Sur. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">At least one death\u003c/a> has been attributed to the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just west of Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4971/\">the Rey Fire \u003c/a>is burning through wilderness in Santa Barbara County. So far, 27,000 acres have burned. That fire is 30 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Firefighters have reached full containment of a blaze east of Los Angeles that forced tens of thousands to evacuate their homes. At the same time, multiple wildfires continued to challenge crews throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Department of Forestry and Fire Information declared \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4962/\">the Blue Cut Fire\u003c/a> 100 percent contained Tuesday — but not before the 36,000-acre fire destroyed nearly 100 homes and forced the evacuation of 80,000 people in San Bernardino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Saturday, crews had largely contained the blaze, allowing the lifting of evacuation orders \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/20/490739379/photos-firefighters-gain-ground-on-californias-blue-cut-wildfire\"> for many residents\u003c/a>. NPR's Nathan Rott says more than 300 crews were pulled off the fire as it dwindled.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Attention is turning from that fire ... toward others,\" Rott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 10,000 fire personnel are battling six major wildfires, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1389\">the Chimney Fire\u003c/a>, which is burning in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>That inferno has already consumed 53 structures and 37,101 acres in Central California near Hearst Castle, built by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, now a tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the California Parks Department announced the property's closure owing to poor air quality. \u003ca href=\"http://hearstcastle.org/\">It remains closed\u003c/a> through the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 4,000 fire personnel are working on that fire, which is considered 35 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the long-burning \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1348\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained. The fire has been burning for a month and has consumed some 87,000 acres north of Big Sur. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">At least one death\u003c/a> has been attributed to the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just west of Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4971/\">the Rey Fire \u003c/a>is burning through wilderness in Santa Barbara County. So far, 27,000 acres have burned. That fire is 30 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Doctors Get Disciplined for Misconduct; Drug Firms Keep Paying Them",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of pharmaceutical and medical device companies continue to pay doctors as promotional speakers and advisers after they've been disciplined for serious misconduct, according to an analysis by ProPublica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such company is medical device maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.stryker.com/en-us/index.htm\">Stryker Corp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2015, New York's Board for Professional Medical Conduct accused orthopedic surgeon \u003ca href=\"http://w3.health.state.ny.us/opmc/factions.nsf/0522fed2dd2160ff852568c0004e894a/fc1d406677036c8985257d340051e453/%24FILE/BRD%20247904.pdf\">Alexios Apazidis\u003c/a> of improperly prescribing pain medications to 28 of his patients. The board fined him $50,000 and placed him on three years' probation, requiring that a monitor keep an eye on his practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this, Stryker paid Apazidis more than $14,000 in consulting fees, plus travel expenses, in the last half of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker paid another orthopedic surgeon, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5CDIDOCS%5C20131002%5CDMRAAAEC2%5C&did=AAAEC131003000402683.DID&licenseType=G&licenseNumber=86439\">Mohammad Diab\u003c/a> of San Francisco, more than $16,000 for consulting and travel, even though California's medical board had disciplined him for having a two-year-long inappropriate sexual relationship with a patient, whose two children he also treated. He was suspended from practice for 60 days, required to seek psychological treatment and given seven years' probation. He is still required to have a third party present while seeing female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Apazidis nor Diab returned emails or calls seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker officials also would not answer questions. The company is one of more than at least 400 pharmaceutical and medical device makers that have made payments to doctors after they were disciplined by their state medical boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica reviewed disciplinary records for doctors in five states — California, Texas, New York, Florida and New Jersey — and checked them against data released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on company payments to doctors. That included payments for things like speaking, consulting, education, travel and gifts, but not for meals, as these often don't reflect a formal relationship between companies and doctors. (The database can be searched on ProPublica's \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">Dollars for Docs\u003c/a> tool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the analysis identified at least 2,300 doctors who received industry payments between August 2013 and December 2015 despite histories of misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many doctors were sanctioned for minor offenses such as failing to attend required continuing medical education courses, hundreds were disciplined for more severe offenses, including providing poor care, inappropriately prescribing addictive medications, bilking public insurance programs and even sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 40 physicians had their licenses revoked or surrendered them, in most cases permanently. More than 180 had their licenses temporarily suspended or restricted. Almost 250 were placed on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry's relationships with sanctioned physicians have come under scrutiny before. In 2010, ProPublica analyzed payments by seven drug companies that had been required to make them public, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/dollars-to-doctors-physician-disciplinary-records\">finding 250 recipients\u003c/a> who had been disciplined, many for serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that article, companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and AstraZeneca \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/pharma-payments-to-doctors-with-sanctions\">promised to revise\u003c/a> their screening processes for doctors they pay for services. Still, even drug and device makers that profess confidence in how they vet doctors today offer few details on what checks they run or whether they flagged the disciplinary cases ProPublica identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Device company Arthrex doesn't hire doctors who \"do not possess the proper credentials and licensure for the task assigned,\" said spokeswoman Lisa Gardiner. She acknowledged, however, that the company checks the status of doctors only when their contracts begin, not annually as some companies do. A Florida doctor Arthrex hired in 2013 surrendered his license in 2014, but Arthrex paid him almost $7,500 in consulting fees after that, records show. While his contract obliged him to inform Arthrex if his licensure status changed, Gardiner said he never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the industry trade group, wouldn't comment on the vetting processes of specific companies or whether there should be an industrywide standard for such checks. Spokeswoman Holly Campbell said in an email that companies typically check lists of doctors barred from doing business with the government and confirm doctors' \"general medical expertise, reputation and knowledge regarding a particular disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry payments to doctors are legal as long as they are not an inducement to use a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell defends the benefits of such financial ties, saying they compensate doctors for providing crucial feedback on products and help doctors teach their colleagues about what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of industry payments to doctors say they can influence recipients to prescribe drugs that cost more, may not be necessary or are similar to cheaper generics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Rosen, co-founder of the Association for Medical Ethics, which seeks to reduce manufacturers' influence on doctors, says he was not surprised to hear that disciplined doctors are among the industry's consultants and speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's crystal clear that their fiduciary duty is not to educate physicians and make public welfare better. It's to sell a product,\" Rosen says. \"I think they'd pay the devil if no one knows and he sells a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that were making payments to disciplined doctors in 2010 appear to still do so, ProPublica found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson paid Dr. Michael Reiss of New Jersey $85,000 for consulting through its pharmaceutical arm, Janssen, in December 2015. He'd just regained full use of his medical license that August; it had been suspended since 2012 because \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\">he'd pleaded guilty\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\"> in federal court\u003c/a> to hiding $2.5 million from the IRS in Swiss bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached by phone, Reiss said that Janssen had performed a background check, but couldn't recall whether his disciplinary history had come up as part of his interview process. \"Apparently it wasn't an issue; they hired me,\" he said. Reiss said he is retired from practice aside from his consulting work, but declined to say what this consists of or whether he does work for Janssen or any other company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janssen spokeswoman Meredith Sharp says the company's contracts require doctors to have active medical licenses, and that it conducts \"additional reviews to verify eligibility\" and requires doctors to disclose changes in status. \"We are committed to working with the most qualified individuals,\" Sharp says. \"We are looking at the information you provided to determine if there is opportunity to further improve our process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AstraZeneca paid Miltiadis Leon, a Texas physician, more than $26,000 in 2014 and 2015, mostly for speaking fees and travel expenses. In 2006, the doctor's license\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/documents/item/3027862-Miltiadis-Leon-1.html\"> was limited\u003c/a> after he was found to have sexually harassed and inappropriately touched several female patients and staff members. He was not allowed to see female patients without a chaperone for two years. Leon referred ProPublica to his attorney, who said he would speak to his client, but then did not return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, AstraZeneca spokeswoman Abigail Bozarth said doctors with whom the company has financial relationships are reviewed both by an external organization and by the company's own compliance department. Bozarth said the process includes checks of government databases, including discipline by state medical boards, but would not respond to inquiries specifically about Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, drug company Eli Lilly, which was flagged by ProPublica in 2010 for paying disciplined doctors, has made only a few recent payments to doctors with disciplinary records and none to those with serious issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Mark Taylor says the company began using a third-party vendor in 2013 to conduct background checks and screen out doctors who had faced sanctions. Doctors flagged during this process are referred to an internal committee at Eli Lilly for a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to these changes, the company conducted its own checks and looked exclusively at federal databases, not state-level discipline. \"So we could have been missing some actions or sanctions,\" says Taylor. This realization, he adds, \"was kind of a big 'aha' moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Lilly now checks the licenses of all doctors the company considers for hire against federal databases and in all 50 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug maker Boehringer Ingelheim, by contrast, checks only federal databases on an annual basis. Its contracts with physicians require doctors to attest that they are in good standing with their state boards, but the company does not independently check for state-level discipline unless it has \"received information to suggest a speaker or consultant was not being truthful,\" says spokeswoman Erin Crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novo Nordisk spokeswoman Marisa Sharkey describes a similar process, adding that the company checks state disciplinary databases \"as needed.\" It requires doctors to inform the company if they have been disciplined or if they are placed on a list barring them from receiving government contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Does your doctor accept payments from pharmaceutical and medical device companies? Find out using\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">\u003cem>Dollars for Docs\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 ProPublica. To see more, visit \u003ca>ProPublica\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Get+Disciplined+For+Misconduct%3B+Drug+Firms+Keep+Paying+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of pharmaceutical and medical device companies continue to pay doctors as promotional speakers and advisers after they've been disciplined for serious misconduct, according to an analysis by ProPublica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such company is medical device maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.stryker.com/en-us/index.htm\">Stryker Corp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2015, New York's Board for Professional Medical Conduct accused orthopedic surgeon \u003ca href=\"http://w3.health.state.ny.us/opmc/factions.nsf/0522fed2dd2160ff852568c0004e894a/fc1d406677036c8985257d340051e453/%24FILE/BRD%20247904.pdf\">Alexios Apazidis\u003c/a> of improperly prescribing pain medications to 28 of his patients. The board fined him $50,000 and placed him on three years' probation, requiring that a monitor keep an eye on his practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this, Stryker paid Apazidis more than $14,000 in consulting fees, plus travel expenses, in the last half of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker paid another orthopedic surgeon, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5CDIDOCS%5C20131002%5CDMRAAAEC2%5C&did=AAAEC131003000402683.DID&licenseType=G&licenseNumber=86439\">Mohammad Diab\u003c/a> of San Francisco, more than $16,000 for consulting and travel, even though California's medical board had disciplined him for having a two-year-long inappropriate sexual relationship with a patient, whose two children he also treated. He was suspended from practice for 60 days, required to seek psychological treatment and given seven years' probation. He is still required to have a third party present while seeing female patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Apazidis nor Diab returned emails or calls seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker officials also would not answer questions. The company is one of more than at least 400 pharmaceutical and medical device makers that have made payments to doctors after they were disciplined by their state medical boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica reviewed disciplinary records for doctors in five states — California, Texas, New York, Florida and New Jersey — and checked them against data released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on company payments to doctors. That included payments for things like speaking, consulting, education, travel and gifts, but not for meals, as these often don't reflect a formal relationship between companies and doctors. (The database can be searched on ProPublica's \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/\">Dollars for Docs\u003c/a> tool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the analysis identified at least 2,300 doctors who received industry payments between August 2013 and December 2015 despite histories of misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many doctors were sanctioned for minor offenses such as failing to attend required continuing medical education courses, hundreds were disciplined for more severe offenses, including providing poor care, inappropriately prescribing addictive medications, bilking public insurance programs and even sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 40 physicians had their licenses revoked or surrendered them, in most cases permanently. More than 180 had their licenses temporarily suspended or restricted. Almost 250 were placed on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry's relationships with sanctioned physicians have come under scrutiny before. In 2010, ProPublica analyzed payments by seven drug companies that had been required to make them public, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/dollars-to-doctors-physician-disciplinary-records\">finding 250 recipients\u003c/a> who had been disciplined, many for serious misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that article, companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and AstraZeneca \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/pharma-payments-to-doctors-with-sanctions\">promised to revise\u003c/a> their screening processes for doctors they pay for services. Still, even drug and device makers that profess confidence in how they vet doctors today offer few details on what checks they run or whether they flagged the disciplinary cases ProPublica identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Device company Arthrex doesn't hire doctors who \"do not possess the proper credentials and licensure for the task assigned,\" said spokeswoman Lisa Gardiner. She acknowledged, however, that the company checks the status of doctors only when their contracts begin, not annually as some companies do. A Florida doctor Arthrex hired in 2013 surrendered his license in 2014, but Arthrex paid him almost $7,500 in consulting fees after that, records show. While his contract obliged him to inform Arthrex if his licensure status changed, Gardiner said he never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the industry trade group, wouldn't comment on the vetting processes of specific companies or whether there should be an industrywide standard for such checks. Spokeswoman Holly Campbell said in an email that companies typically check lists of doctors barred from doing business with the government and confirm doctors' \"general medical expertise, reputation and knowledge regarding a particular disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry payments to doctors are legal as long as they are not an inducement to use a particular product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell defends the benefits of such financial ties, saying they compensate doctors for providing crucial feedback on products and help doctors teach their colleagues about what's out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of industry payments to doctors say they can influence recipients to prescribe drugs that cost more, may not be necessary or are similar to cheaper generics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Rosen, co-founder of the Association for Medical Ethics, which seeks to reduce manufacturers' influence on doctors, says he was not surprised to hear that disciplined doctors are among the industry's consultants and speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's crystal clear that their fiduciary duty is not to educate physicians and make public welfare better. It's to sell a product,\" Rosen says. \"I think they'd pay the devil if no one knows and he sells a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that were making payments to disciplined doctors in 2010 appear to still do so, ProPublica found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson paid Dr. Michael Reiss of New Jersey $85,000 for consulting through its pharmaceutical arm, Janssen, in December 2015. He'd just regained full use of his medical license that August; it had been suspended since 2012 because \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\">he'd pleaded guilty\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/August11/reissmichaelpleapr.pdf\"> in federal court\u003c/a> to hiding $2.5 million from the IRS in Swiss bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached by phone, Reiss said that Janssen had performed a background check, but couldn't recall whether his disciplinary history had come up as part of his interview process. \"Apparently it wasn't an issue; they hired me,\" he said. Reiss said he is retired from practice aside from his consulting work, but declined to say what this consists of or whether he does work for Janssen or any other company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janssen spokeswoman Meredith Sharp says the company's contracts require doctors to have active medical licenses, and that it conducts \"additional reviews to verify eligibility\" and requires doctors to disclose changes in status. \"We are committed to working with the most qualified individuals,\" Sharp says. \"We are looking at the information you provided to determine if there is opportunity to further improve our process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AstraZeneca paid Miltiadis Leon, a Texas physician, more than $26,000 in 2014 and 2015, mostly for speaking fees and travel expenses. In 2006, the doctor's license\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/documents/item/3027862-Miltiadis-Leon-1.html\"> was limited\u003c/a> after he was found to have sexually harassed and inappropriately touched several female patients and staff members. He was not allowed to see female patients without a chaperone for two years. Leon referred ProPublica to his attorney, who said he would speak to his client, but then did not return a call for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, AstraZeneca spokeswoman Abigail Bozarth said doctors with whom the company has financial relationships are reviewed both by an external organization and by the company's own compliance department. Bozarth said the process includes checks of government databases, including discipline by state medical boards, but would not respond to inquiries specifically about Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, drug company Eli Lilly, which was flagged by ProPublica in 2010 for paying disciplined doctors, has made only a few recent payments to doctors with disciplinary records and none to those with serious issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Mark Taylor says the company began using a third-party vendor in 2013 to conduct background checks and screen out doctors who had faced sanctions. Doctors flagged during this process are referred to an internal committee at Eli Lilly for a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to these changes, the company conducted its own checks and looked exclusively at federal databases, not state-level discipline. \"So we could have been missing some actions or sanctions,\" says Taylor. This realization, he adds, \"was kind of a big 'aha' moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Lilly now checks the licenses of all doctors the company considers for hire against federal databases and in all 50 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug maker Boehringer Ingelheim, by contrast, checks only federal databases on an annual basis. Its contracts with physicians require doctors to attest that they are in good standing with their state boards, but the company does not independently check for state-level discipline unless it has \"received information to suggest a speaker or consultant was not being truthful,\" says spokeswoman Erin Crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novo Nordisk spokeswoman Marisa Sharkey describes a similar process, adding that the company checks state disciplinary databases \"as needed.\" It requires doctors to inform the company if they have been disciplined or if they are placed on a list barring them from receiving government contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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"info": "",
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