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"content": "\u003cp>WikiLeaks has released thousands of files that it identifies as CIA documents related to the agency's cyberespionage tools and programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents published on Tuesday include instruction manuals, support documents, notes and conversations about, among other things, efforts to exploit vulnerabilities in smartphones and turn smart TVs into listening devices. The tools appear to be designed for use against individual targets, as part of the CIA's mandate to gather foreign intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CIA spokesperson would not confirm whether the documents were genuine, telling NPR, \"We do not comment on the authenticity or content of purported intelligence documents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former CIA Director Michael Hayden told MSNBC that if Wikileaks' account was true, the document dump would be \"very, very damaging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the anti-secrecy site says there's more to come: WikiLeaks has dubbed Tuesday's release \"Year Zero,\" saying it is the first of a series of CIA-related leaks that the site is collectively calling \"Vault 7.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Weaver, a computer scientist at the University of California at Berkeley, says the documents don't seem to reveal significant news about the CIA's capabilities — \"it's describing a hacking organization that's doing a reasonably good job,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What \u003cem>is \u003c/em>surprising is that the documents are being published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement accompanying the document release, WikiLeaks alleges that the CIA has recently \"lost control of the majority of its hacking arsenal,\" and that an archive with \"several hundred million lines of code\" has been circulating among former government hackers. One former government hacker or contractor gave a portion of that code to WikiLeaks, according to the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weaver calls that story \"implausible,\" and raises the possibility that someone from outside the U.S. government compromised the CIA's systems to acquire the documents. And that, he says, would be a big deal: \"Spies gonna spy, that's dog bites man. Spy dumps data on Wikileaks, proving that they exfiltrated it from a top-secret system? That's man bites dog.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how they were acquired, the documents in the \"Year Zero\" release do not include the code for any cyberespionage programs. In its press release, Wikileaks says it is \"avoiding the distribution of \"armed' cyberweapons until a consensus emerges\" on how to analyze and disarm such weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the purported CIA documents reference and describe agency tools designed to extract information from computers, monitor communications and control electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WikiLeaks says the files came from the CIA's internal Confluence system — a platform for team collaboration. They include instructions on how to use programs, and guides describing how to reduce the risk of CIA involvement being detected in a program. Some pages have comments from users whose names have been redacted, but appear to be software developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged CIA documents show techniques developed specifically for \"embedded systems\" — which the files describe, in nontechnical terms, as \"the Things in the Internet of Things.\" Think devices that don't look like computers, but use the Internet to work. For instance, one program uses a Samsung TV as a listening device, turning the microphone on while the TV appears to be off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents also appear to show techniques the CIA has used to compromise and control individual smartphones. Wikipedia notes that such tactics would allow the agency to read even encrypted communications — but Weaver says that's misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The real story on encryption is not, 'Oh my God, the CIA breaks encryption,' but that encryption is so good that the CIA has to risk $1.5 million assets to compromise a target's iPhone if they want to read his messages,\" he says, noting the high price of developing smartphone-infiltrating techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's another concern about the methods that the CIA used to compromise phones. Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU Speech, Privacy and Technology Project, says the documents suggest the CIA \"deliberately maintained vulnerabilities\" in widely used devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those vulnerabilities will be exploited not just by our security agencies, but by hackers and governments around the world,\" he said in a statement. (Security consultant Tom Ritter tells NPR that according to the documents, the CIA does seem to have been aware of security vulnerabilities and not informed companies that could have fixed them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIA has traditionally been responsible for human espionage — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/intelligence-signals-intelligence-1.html\">officially\u003c/a>, the NSA gathers \"signals intelligence\" and the CIA analyzes it. But the CIA also carries out its own cyber operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2016, then-CIA Director John Brennan \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/24/467711098/transcript-nprs-interview-with-cia-director-john-brennan\">spoke with NPR's Mary Louise Kelly\u003c/a> about, in part, the agency's desire to expand its cybercapabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technological changes are taking place at a warped speed,\" he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"So we here at CIA, we recently set up a fifth directorate for the first time in 50 years, a new directorate ... the directorate of digital innovation, so that we can understand all of the opportunities and challenges associated with that digital environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not a technological expert by any means, but I recognize that more and more human transactions and interactions take place in that cyber environment. And it profoundly affects all of our ways of life, and it affects the intelligence mission. So I want to make sure that for CIA to be able to fulfill its responsibilities in the years ahead, we understand what the pitfalls are, what the opportunities are, so that we are able to master that environment consistent with our authorities, so we can carry out our respective missions.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Pompeo, the new head of the CIA under President Trump, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pre-hearing-011217.pdf\">written questionnaire\u003c/a> accompanying his confirmation hearing that he understood that the agency, \"upon direction from the President and working in cooperation with other agencies when appropriate, has capabilities to perform a wide [array of] actions related to all forms of cybersecurity policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WikiLeaks+Releases+What+It+Calls+CIA+Trove+Of+Cyber-Espionage+Documents&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WikiLeaks has released thousands of files that it identifies as CIA documents related to the agency's cyberespionage tools and programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents published on Tuesday include instruction manuals, support documents, notes and conversations about, among other things, efforts to exploit vulnerabilities in smartphones and turn smart TVs into listening devices. The tools appear to be designed for use against individual targets, as part of the CIA's mandate to gather foreign intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CIA spokesperson would not confirm whether the documents were genuine, telling NPR, \"We do not comment on the authenticity or content of purported intelligence documents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former CIA Director Michael Hayden told MSNBC that if Wikileaks' account was true, the document dump would be \"very, very damaging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the anti-secrecy site says there's more to come: WikiLeaks has dubbed Tuesday's release \"Year Zero,\" saying it is the first of a series of CIA-related leaks that the site is collectively calling \"Vault 7.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Weaver, a computer scientist at the University of California at Berkeley, says the documents don't seem to reveal significant news about the CIA's capabilities — \"it's describing a hacking organization that's doing a reasonably good job,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What \u003cem>is \u003c/em>surprising is that the documents are being published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement accompanying the document release, WikiLeaks alleges that the CIA has recently \"lost control of the majority of its hacking arsenal,\" and that an archive with \"several hundred million lines of code\" has been circulating among former government hackers. One former government hacker or contractor gave a portion of that code to WikiLeaks, according to the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weaver calls that story \"implausible,\" and raises the possibility that someone from outside the U.S. government compromised the CIA's systems to acquire the documents. And that, he says, would be a big deal: \"Spies gonna spy, that's dog bites man. Spy dumps data on Wikileaks, proving that they exfiltrated it from a top-secret system? That's man bites dog.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how they were acquired, the documents in the \"Year Zero\" release do not include the code for any cyberespionage programs. In its press release, Wikileaks says it is \"avoiding the distribution of \"armed' cyberweapons until a consensus emerges\" on how to analyze and disarm such weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the purported CIA documents reference and describe agency tools designed to extract information from computers, monitor communications and control electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WikiLeaks says the files came from the CIA's internal Confluence system — a platform for team collaboration. They include instructions on how to use programs, and guides describing how to reduce the risk of CIA involvement being detected in a program. Some pages have comments from users whose names have been redacted, but appear to be software developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged CIA documents show techniques developed specifically for \"embedded systems\" — which the files describe, in nontechnical terms, as \"the Things in the Internet of Things.\" Think devices that don't look like computers, but use the Internet to work. For instance, one program uses a Samsung TV as a listening device, turning the microphone on while the TV appears to be off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents also appear to show techniques the CIA has used to compromise and control individual smartphones. Wikipedia notes that such tactics would allow the agency to read even encrypted communications — but Weaver says that's misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The real story on encryption is not, 'Oh my God, the CIA breaks encryption,' but that encryption is so good that the CIA has to risk $1.5 million assets to compromise a target's iPhone if they want to read his messages,\" he says, noting the high price of developing smartphone-infiltrating techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's another concern about the methods that the CIA used to compromise phones. Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU Speech, Privacy and Technology Project, says the documents suggest the CIA \"deliberately maintained vulnerabilities\" in widely used devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those vulnerabilities will be exploited not just by our security agencies, but by hackers and governments around the world,\" he said in a statement. (Security consultant Tom Ritter tells NPR that according to the documents, the CIA does seem to have been aware of security vulnerabilities and not informed companies that could have fixed them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CIA has traditionally been responsible for human espionage — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/intelligence-signals-intelligence-1.html\">officially\u003c/a>, the NSA gathers \"signals intelligence\" and the CIA analyzes it. But the CIA also carries out its own cyber operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2016, then-CIA Director John Brennan \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/24/467711098/transcript-nprs-interview-with-cia-director-john-brennan\">spoke with NPR's Mary Louise Kelly\u003c/a> about, in part, the agency's desire to expand its cybercapabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technological changes are taking place at a warped speed,\" he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"So we here at CIA, we recently set up a fifth directorate for the first time in 50 years, a new directorate ... the directorate of digital innovation, so that we can understand all of the opportunities and challenges associated with that digital environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not a technological expert by any means, but I recognize that more and more human transactions and interactions take place in that cyber environment. And it profoundly affects all of our ways of life, and it affects the intelligence mission. So I want to make sure that for CIA to be able to fulfill its responsibilities in the years ahead, we understand what the pitfalls are, what the opportunities are, so that we are able to master that environment consistent with our authorities, so we can carry out our respective missions.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Pompeo, the new head of the CIA under President Trump, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pre-hearing-011217.pdf\">written questionnaire\u003c/a> accompanying his confirmation hearing that he understood that the agency, \"upon direction from the President and working in cooperation with other agencies when appropriate, has capabilities to perform a wide [array of] actions related to all forms of cybersecurity policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WikiLeaks+Releases+What+It+Calls+CIA+Trove+Of+Cyber-Espionage+Documents&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump Signs New Order Blocking Arrivals From 6 Majority-Muslim Countries",
"title": "Trump Signs New Order Blocking Arrivals From 6 Majority-Muslim Countries",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has signed a new executive order blocking visas from being issued to citizens of six majority-Muslim countries to replace a controversial, now-suspended executive order known as the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the initial order signed Jan. 27, the new executive order blocks arrivals from specific majority-Muslim countries and suspends the entire refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the original order, the ban announced Monday no longer includes Iraq, explicitly doesn't apply to lawful permanent residents (green card holders) or existing visa holders, and will have a delayed implementation — going into effect at 12:01 a.m. ET on March 16. Syrian refugees are not banned indefinitely, like they were in the Jan. 27 order, and refugees already formally scheduled for travel to the U.S. will be permitted to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a fact sheet, the new order will block people traveling from Sudan, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia and Yemen. Iraq is no longer included because the country has pledged to \"increase cooperation with the U.S.\" and share more information about its citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official told reporters that Iraq has also agreed to the \"timely repatriation\" of Iraqi citizens in the U.S. who are slated for deportation. As of last summer, Iraq was \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/07/14/written-testimony-ice-house-committee-oversight-and-government-reform-hearing-titled\" target=\"_blank\">one of 23 countries\u003c/a> considered \"recalcitrant\" for refusing to cooperate with the U.S. in deporting their citizens. Some countries on that list, including Iran and Libya, are affected by the visa ban; most are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials left open the possibility that other countries could be added to future visa bans, or that countries currently on the list could be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order has a delayed implementation, designed to avoid the chaotic situation created by the initial order with people in transit when their visas were nullified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also omits a section about prioritizing refugees of minority religions — the part of the initial order that, as NPR's Domenico Montanaro has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512439121/trumps-executive-order-on-immigration-annotated\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, \"indicates prioritizing Christians,\" and was one reason the order was challenged as a form of \"Muslim ban.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House continues to defend the first order as legal and appropriate, even as it's being replaced by the new order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That original order prompted chaos at airports and inspired protests — and dozens of lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suits were filed by \"doctors, professors, students, people fleeing violence and Iraqis who have worked for the U.S. military,\" as NPR's Joel Rose and journalist Parker Yesko \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/02/513045408/after-2-weeks-in-office-trump-faces-more-than-50-lawsuits\" target=\"_blank\">reported last month\u003c/a>. They continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Some [of the plaintiffs] were detained in American airports for hours over the weekend; others were barred overseas from boarding planes bound for the U.S. Two Syrian brothers with visas to enter the country say they were turned around at Philadelphia International Airport and sent back to Damascus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Human rights organizations and attorneys general in five states jumped aboard some of the suits, and their lists of legal grievances were long. They alleged violations of the First, Fifth and 14th Amendments, which guarantee religious equality, due process and equal protection under the law, as well as denials of asylum and discriminatory visa processing.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the suits, brought by the state of Washington and joined by the state of Minnesota, prompted a federal judge to issue \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/03/513306413/state-department-says-fewer-than-60-000-visas-revoked-under-travel-order\">a nationwide temporary stay\u003c/a> of Trump's executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice challenged the stay in an appeals court, but a panel of three judges upheld the judge's decision. As a result, the initial executive order has not been in effect for more than a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order is intended to address \"many of the court's concerns,\" according to an administration official. But it's not likely to be the end of legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think everyone -- and I assume the government as well -- expects that there will be a new round of litigation,\" Omar Jadwat, director of the Immigrants' Rights Project at the ACLU, told NPR before the new order was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about the travel ban will continue \"whether they're repackaged in a new order or not,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the issuance of a \u003cem>new \u003c/em>executive order doesn't spell the end of lawsuits against the \u003cem>old \u003c/em>order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Sean Spicer has repeatedly said the administration plans follow a \"dual track\" strategy of continuing to defend the old order from legal challenges even as a new order replaces it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a senior official at the Department of Justice told reporters on Monday that the DOJ believes the new order will make a majority of the pending cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges might not necessarily be persuaded by the Justice Department's arguments on that front, says Catherine Kim, a law professor at the University of North Carolina Law School. She joined other law professors in signing an amicus brief against Trump's initial order, and spoke to NPR before the new order was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even for cases where the original complaint is no longer an issue under the new order — like, for instance, a case involving a legal permanent resident — \"the courts may be worried that as soon as the case is dismissed the administration would just go back and reissue the [original] executive order,\" Kim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other, broader challenges to the original order could apply equally to the new order, she says — such as the allegation that the order was \"done in bad faith,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that there is anything that the new executive order could do to address concerns raised by the courts [that] this was really motivated by animus, not by national security concerns,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration maintains that it will eventually triumph in the legal battle over the original executive action, based on the president's broad authority on immigration issues. Some legal scholars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/11/514650883/legal-scholar-alan-dershowitz-on-9th-circuit-decision\" target=\"_blank\">including Alan Dershowitz\u003c/a>, believe the administration could win at least a partial victory on those grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think the ban is unconstitutional as it affects a family in Yemen who has had no contact with the United States and simply applies for a tourist visa to come see the Statue of Liberty,\" he told NPR in early February. But, Dershowitz said, other elements of the ban — especially the initial interpretation that it applied to green card holders — are harder to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue could eventually end up before the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has signed a new executive order blocking visas from being issued to citizens of six majority-Muslim countries to replace a controversial, now-suspended executive order known as the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the initial order signed Jan. 27, the new executive order blocks arrivals from specific majority-Muslim countries and suspends the entire refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the original order, the ban announced Monday no longer includes Iraq, explicitly doesn't apply to lawful permanent residents (green card holders) or existing visa holders, and will have a delayed implementation — going into effect at 12:01 a.m. ET on March 16. Syrian refugees are not banned indefinitely, like they were in the Jan. 27 order, and refugees already formally scheduled for travel to the U.S. will be permitted to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a fact sheet, the new order will block people traveling from Sudan, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia and Yemen. Iraq is no longer included because the country has pledged to \"increase cooperation with the U.S.\" and share more information about its citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official told reporters that Iraq has also agreed to the \"timely repatriation\" of Iraqi citizens in the U.S. who are slated for deportation. As of last summer, Iraq was \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/07/14/written-testimony-ice-house-committee-oversight-and-government-reform-hearing-titled\" target=\"_blank\">one of 23 countries\u003c/a> considered \"recalcitrant\" for refusing to cooperate with the U.S. in deporting their citizens. Some countries on that list, including Iran and Libya, are affected by the visa ban; most are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials left open the possibility that other countries could be added to future visa bans, or that countries currently on the list could be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order has a delayed implementation, designed to avoid the chaotic situation created by the initial order with people in transit when their visas were nullified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also omits a section about prioritizing refugees of minority religions — the part of the initial order that, as NPR's Domenico Montanaro has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512439121/trumps-executive-order-on-immigration-annotated\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, \"indicates prioritizing Christians,\" and was one reason the order was challenged as a form of \"Muslim ban.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House continues to defend the first order as legal and appropriate, even as it's being replaced by the new order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That original order prompted chaos at airports and inspired protests — and dozens of lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suits were filed by \"doctors, professors, students, people fleeing violence and Iraqis who have worked for the U.S. military,\" as NPR's Joel Rose and journalist Parker Yesko \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/02/513045408/after-2-weeks-in-office-trump-faces-more-than-50-lawsuits\" target=\"_blank\">reported last month\u003c/a>. They continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Some [of the plaintiffs] were detained in American airports for hours over the weekend; others were barred overseas from boarding planes bound for the U.S. Two Syrian brothers with visas to enter the country say they were turned around at Philadelphia International Airport and sent back to Damascus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Human rights organizations and attorneys general in five states jumped aboard some of the suits, and their lists of legal grievances were long. They alleged violations of the First, Fifth and 14th Amendments, which guarantee religious equality, due process and equal protection under the law, as well as denials of asylum and discriminatory visa processing.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the suits, brought by the state of Washington and joined by the state of Minnesota, prompted a federal judge to issue \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/03/513306413/state-department-says-fewer-than-60-000-visas-revoked-under-travel-order\">a nationwide temporary stay\u003c/a> of Trump's executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice challenged the stay in an appeals court, but a panel of three judges upheld the judge's decision. As a result, the initial executive order has not been in effect for more than a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order is intended to address \"many of the court's concerns,\" according to an administration official. But it's not likely to be the end of legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think everyone -- and I assume the government as well -- expects that there will be a new round of litigation,\" Omar Jadwat, director of the Immigrants' Rights Project at the ACLU, told NPR before the new order was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about the travel ban will continue \"whether they're repackaged in a new order or not,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the issuance of a \u003cem>new \u003c/em>executive order doesn't spell the end of lawsuits against the \u003cem>old \u003c/em>order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House press secretary Sean Spicer has repeatedly said the administration plans follow a \"dual track\" strategy of continuing to defend the old order from legal challenges even as a new order replaces it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a senior official at the Department of Justice told reporters on Monday that the DOJ believes the new order will make a majority of the pending cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges might not necessarily be persuaded by the Justice Department's arguments on that front, says Catherine Kim, a law professor at the University of North Carolina Law School. She joined other law professors in signing an amicus brief against Trump's initial order, and spoke to NPR before the new order was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even for cases where the original complaint is no longer an issue under the new order — like, for instance, a case involving a legal permanent resident — \"the courts may be worried that as soon as the case is dismissed the administration would just go back and reissue the [original] executive order,\" Kim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other, broader challenges to the original order could apply equally to the new order, she says — such as the allegation that the order was \"done in bad faith,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that there is anything that the new executive order could do to address concerns raised by the courts [that] this was really motivated by animus, not by national security concerns,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration maintains that it will eventually triumph in the legal battle over the original executive action, based on the president's broad authority on immigration issues. Some legal scholars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/11/514650883/legal-scholar-alan-dershowitz-on-9th-circuit-decision\" target=\"_blank\">including Alan Dershowitz\u003c/a>, believe the administration could win at least a partial victory on those grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think the ban is unconstitutional as it affects a family in Yemen who has had no contact with the United States and simply applies for a tourist visa to come see the Statue of Liberty,\" he told NPR in early February. But, Dershowitz said, other elements of the ban — especially the initial interpretation that it applied to green card holders — are harder to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue could eventually end up before the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was in 2012 that Barry Eggers, a venture capitalist, noticed that his two high school-age children were getting obsessed with a curious new app called Snapchat. After a little investigation, Eggers \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/lightspeed-venture-partners/lightspeeds-snap-story-5d3723e97667#.3mpxe256q\">persuaded his company\u003c/a>, Lightspeed Venture Partners, to become one of the first to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in the fledgling app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in a stroke of fortune, he also persuaded his children's school, where he was chairman of its financial growth fund, to put up a little seed money, too -- $15,000, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Thursday, when the app's parent company Snap went public, that investment had \"matured and given us a significant boost,\" Simon Chiu, president of Saint Francis High School in Mountain View, wrote to parents with remarkable understatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school got \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/923281/saint-francis-high-school-in-mountain-view-california-turned-a-15000-snap-investment-into-a-multi-million-dollar-payday/\">a little more specific\u003c/a> with Quartz Media about that \"boost,\" saying the school sold two-thirds of its shares in the company to raise about $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remaining third of its holding, roughly 700,000 shares, could be even more lucrative. Snap's stock ended its first day of trading on Thursday at $24.51 per share, up 44 percent,\" Quartz reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incredible boon will not, by itself, completely fund the goals of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhshopeandzeal.com/#Strategic\">the strategic plan\u003c/a>,\" the president of the private Catholic school wrote Thursday, \"but it will help lay the necessary foundation and give us a remarkable head start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added: \"Barry Eggers now joins the illustrious list of individuals and families whose foresight and generosity have enriched Saint Francis High School over the years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley school, which charges tuition of roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=818\">$17,000 a year\u003c/a>, also offers financial aid based on need. As of the 2014-2015 school year, it enrolled about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=516\">1,700 students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the school's administration will deliberate with its board of directors \"to determine how the money can be leveraged to make the largest impact on our students and continue the tradition started here by the Brothers of Holy Cross over 60 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was in 2012 that Barry Eggers, a venture capitalist, noticed that his two high school-age children were getting obsessed with a curious new app called Snapchat. After a little investigation, Eggers \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/lightspeed-venture-partners/lightspeeds-snap-story-5d3723e97667#.3mpxe256q\">persuaded his company\u003c/a>, Lightspeed Venture Partners, to become one of the first to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in the fledgling app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in a stroke of fortune, he also persuaded his children's school, where he was chairman of its financial growth fund, to put up a little seed money, too -- $15,000, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Thursday, when the app's parent company Snap went public, that investment had \"matured and given us a significant boost,\" Simon Chiu, president of Saint Francis High School in Mountain View, wrote to parents with remarkable understatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school got \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/923281/saint-francis-high-school-in-mountain-view-california-turned-a-15000-snap-investment-into-a-multi-million-dollar-payday/\">a little more specific\u003c/a> with Quartz Media about that \"boost,\" saying the school sold two-thirds of its shares in the company to raise about $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remaining third of its holding, roughly 700,000 shares, could be even more lucrative. Snap's stock ended its first day of trading on Thursday at $24.51 per share, up 44 percent,\" Quartz reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incredible boon will not, by itself, completely fund the goals of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhshopeandzeal.com/#Strategic\">the strategic plan\u003c/a>,\" the president of the private Catholic school wrote Thursday, \"but it will help lay the necessary foundation and give us a remarkable head start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added: \"Barry Eggers now joins the illustrious list of individuals and families whose foresight and generosity have enriched Saint Francis High School over the years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley school, which charges tuition of roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=818\">$17,000 a year\u003c/a>, also offers financial aid based on need. As of the 2014-2015 school year, it enrolled about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=516\">1,700 students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the school's administration will deliberate with its board of directors \"to determine how the money can be leveraged to make the largest impact on our students and continue the tradition started here by the Brothers of Holy Cross over 60 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions says he will recuse himself from any investigations into possible Russian involvement in the 2016 elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me be clear: I never had meetings with Russian operatives or Russian intermediaries about the Trump campaign,\" Sessions reiterated during an afternoon news conference in response to reports that he met twice with the Russian ambassador to the U.S. last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I should not be involved in investigating a campaign I had a role in,\" Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"76aDJRsDy4P4siFVaX76H1pkKYnMBUXj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> first reported the meetings, later confirmed by NPR's Carrie Johnson, which came as he was a top surrogate for President Trump's presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, the then-Alabama senator told Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., under oath that he \"did not have communications with the Russians.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/02/pelosi-schumer-call-on-jeff-sessions-to-resign-as-attorney-general/\" target=\"_blank\">called on Sessions to resign\u003c/a> as attorney general on Thursday, as did House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Elijah Cummings, the top Democrat on the Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said Thursday that it was not his intent to mislead the committee and that he would soon write them to clarify his answers, and admitted that, in retrospect, he \"should have slowed down and said I did meet with one Russian official and that was the Russian ambassador.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about what he did discuss with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak during their two meetings in July and September, Sessions said, \"I don't recall\" but that \"most of these ambassadors are pretty gossipy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Sessions announced that after meeting with his staff and Justice Department counsel, \"I have decided to recuse myself from any existing or future investigations of any matters related in any way to the campaigns for President of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump was asked earlier in the day about Sessions during the president's visit to the USS Gerald R. Ford in Newport News, Virginia, Trump said he \"wasn't aware\" Sessions had spoken to the Russian ambassador. When asked about whether the attorney general should recuse himself, Trump responded, \"I don't think so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions clarified, in the statement however, that the \"announcement should not be interpreted as confirmation of the existence of any investigation or suggestive of the scope of any such investigation\" and reiterated that he has \"taken no actions regarding any such matters, to the extent they exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If any investigation does move forward, however, Acting Deputy Attorney General and U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia Dane Boente will oversee those matters. He was appointed acting attorney general in the interim before Sessions' confirmation after Obama holdover Sally Yates \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/30/512534805/justice-department-wont-defend-trumps-immigration-order\">was fired\u003c/a> by Trump after she refused to defend the president's temporary ban on refugees and visa holders from seven majority-Muslim countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his Senate confirmation hearing, the then-Alabama senator told Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., under oath that he \"did not have communications with the Russians.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/02/pelosi-schumer-call-on-jeff-sessions-to-resign-as-attorney-general/\" target=\"_blank\">called on Sessions to resign\u003c/a> as attorney general on Thursday, as did House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Elijah Cummings, the top Democrat on the Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said Thursday that it was not his intent to mislead the committee and that he would soon write them to clarify his answers, and admitted that, in retrospect, he \"should have slowed down and said I did meet with one Russian official and that was the Russian ambassador.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about what he did discuss with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak during their two meetings in July and September, Sessions said, \"I don't recall\" but that \"most of these ambassadors are pretty gossipy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Sessions announced that after meeting with his staff and Justice Department counsel, \"I have decided to recuse myself from any existing or future investigations of any matters related in any way to the campaigns for President of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump was asked earlier in the day about Sessions during the president's visit to the USS Gerald R. Ford in Newport News, Virginia, Trump said he \"wasn't aware\" Sessions had spoken to the Russian ambassador. When asked about whether the attorney general should recuse himself, Trump responded, \"I don't think so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions clarified, in the statement however, that the \"announcement should not be interpreted as confirmation of the existence of any investigation or suggestive of the scope of any such investigation\" and reiterated that he has \"taken no actions regarding any such matters, to the extent they exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If any investigation does move forward, however, Acting Deputy Attorney General and U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia Dane Boente will oversee those matters. He was appointed acting attorney general in the interim before Sessions' confirmation after Obama holdover Sally Yates \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/30/512534805/justice-department-wont-defend-trumps-immigration-order\">was fired\u003c/a> by Trump after she refused to defend the president's temporary ban on refugees and visa holders from seven majority-Muslim countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"title": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1A1S0qJztrjWxNHvCNbrADUmrR7KZJhk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers. But it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program, and work there is underway.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We know that in times of heightened stress, human instincts tell us to fight or flee. For some American Muslims, the current political climate has created a need for more Muslims to stand up and fight by seeking political office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Muslims didn't ask to be dragged into the spotlight, but now that we're there and we need to push back, getting into elected office is one of the best means,\" said Robert McCaw, director of government affairs at the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/02/20170223_me_american_muslims_respond_to_islamophobia_by_running_for_office.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/nadeem_education_1024_wide-393e59e74492e253b37ace133b089bacebc141b7-800x450.png\" Title=\"In Response to Rising Biased Rhetoric, Muslims Run for Office\" program=\"NPR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCaw pointed out that there are only two Muslims serving in Congress: Keith Ellison of Minnesota, who over the weekend was appointed deputy chair of the Democratic National Committee, and André Carson of Indiana. Local races, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.northjersey.com/story/news/2017/01/26/bias-rise-muslims-turn-elected-office/97087000/\">ones in New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2016-10-21/austin-community-college-board-of-trustees/\">Austin\u003c/a>, have seen an increase in mostly Democratic Muslim candidates running for office. And Sayu Bhojwani, the executive director of the New American Leaders Project (NALP), which helps politically involved immigrants run for office, said her organization has seen more South Asian, Arab-American and Muslim people emerge from their trainings and run for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When your civil rights are under attack,\" McCaw said, \"grab hold of the Constitution and assert yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need to make their presence known has been largely due to a rise in open aggression against Muslim-Americans. The latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/14/502036699/hate-crimes-rose-in-2015-with-religious-bias-a-growing-motivation-fbi-data-shows\">FBI figures show a 67 percent increase\u003c/a> in anti-Muslim hate crimes between 2014 and 2015 (184 to 257). That is the highest total of anti-Muslim hate crimes since the aftermath of 9/11, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2016/11/14/fbi-hate-crimes-against-muslims-percent/9bRSjP5PrtL6nCvc0PFyvM/story.html\">Associated Press\u003c/a>. This spike in Islamophobia over the past decade, along with recent anti-Muslim political rhetoric and policies, including an attempt to ban travel from seven majority-Muslim countries, has motivated a noticeable number of Muslims to step into the political ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since Sept. 11, there's been an evolution of engagement with these communities,\" Bhojwani said. \"Initially, there might've been a sense of, 'It's going to be difficult for me to overcome some of ... the public perceptions that I might experience as an American Muslim or Arab-American or South-Asian American.'\" But now, she said, the generation of folks who grew up during the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and subsequent increase in Islamophobia have started mobilizing. \"I think there was a moment in recent years, where there was a sense of, 'This isn't going to change ... but I can be part of that change as part of that dialogue.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-800x1072.jpg\" alt=\"Farrah Khan ran for a seat on Irvine's City Council in 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-800x1072.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-1020x1367.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-1180x1581.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-960x1287.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-240x322.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-375x503.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-520x697.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farrah Khan ran for a seat on Irvine's City Council in 2016. \u003ccite>(Gunindu Abeysekera/Courtesy of Farrah Khan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farrah Khan, a business owner who also heads an interfaith group in Irvine, was helping someone else run their City Council race when she took a NALP training in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who is Pakistani-American and Muslim, told NPR that prior to the training, she'd considered running for a City Council seat, and had mentioned that possibility to her peers. Khan said she was told by her local Democratic Party members that the timing wasn't right, and that she'd have to wait her turn to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the NALP training, Khan recalled that she listened to another woman mention how her local party had also told her to wait her turn. Bhojwani said that many of NALP's participants who have wanted to run for local office have been told by party members to hold off on pursuing a local seat. That's why, Bhojwani said, \"it's really important that we're affirming for people of all backgrounds that ... someone who has their immigration background, their religious status, our skin color, our names, can be in a leadership position.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Khan completed her training, she went back to her local elected officials. \"I said, 'Hey, you know what? Next year, I'm thinking of running,' \" Khan recalled. Their response was a lot like the first time she tried to inquire about running for office and filing the paperwork to do so: \"They were like, 'Oh! No, no. Maybe not right now. You know, we're still deciding what to do the next two years.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time, after the NALP training, Khan said she stood her ground: \"I was like, 'No, no. I'm \u003cem>telling\u003c/em> you. I'm running.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What’s happening at the national level can be used against you by your own party members because they think people will buy into it.'\u003ccite>Farrah Khan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Khan \u003ca href=\"http://www.theliberaloc.com/2015/09/30/farrah-khan-announces-run-for-irvine-city-council/\">announced \u003c/a>she was entering Irvine's crowded City Council race in 2015; there would ultimately be \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/council-725876-election-mayor.html\">15 other candidates\u003c/a> competing for two slots. She quickly became a strong contender in the Democrat-leaning city, even garnering the much-coveted endorsement of young Democrats at the University of California, Irvine. The city of Irvine is known for its rapidly-growing, diverse — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/irvine-729359-asian-city.html\">and more than 45 percent Asian\u003c/a> — population, and has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofirvine.org/about-irvine/demographics\">median household income\u003c/a> of more than $90,000. A little more than 25,000 people in Orange County identify as Muslim, according to a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/11/56162/socal-s-muslim-community-geographically-ethnically/\">estimate\u003c/a> from the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Irvine's racially diverse demographics, Khan said she saw the Islamophobic rhetoric from the presidential election reflected in her own race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might not run on your immigration status, or that you're an American Muslim, but you can't run from it,\" Bhojwani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theliberaloc.com/2016/11/03/developer-super-pac-use-trump-style-attacks-on-irvine-mom-and-her-family/\">local liberal-leaning blog\u003c/a>, a political action committee (PAC) sent out \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/2016/11/farrah-khan-slaps-back-at-disgusting-dishonest-degrading-dave-gilliard-his-irvine-clients/\">fliers\u003c/a> that attacked her religious faith. Khan said that an opponent even made lawn signs that falsely accused her of being anti-Israel. She said party members, religious leaders and friends reached out to her to express their shock at that sort of politicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338159\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11338159 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-800x600.jpg\" alt='Farrah Khan said that during her city council campaign in Irvine, Calif., an opponent made a sign falsely accusing her of being \"anti-Israel.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farrah Khan said that during her City Council campaign in Irvine, Calif., an opponent made a sign falsely accusing her of being \"anti-Israel.\" \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Farrah Khan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It was kind of like a self-check for me, to see ... [that] what's happening at the national level can be used against you by your own party members because they think people will buy into it,\" Khan said. She eventually lost the election, coming in fourth place out of 16, with over 11 percent of the votes \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/results-734757-county-election.html\">(more than 16,487)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003cem>Orange County Register\u003c/em> reporter noted that Irvine's City Council is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/asian-737839-irvine-council.html\">now completely white\u003c/a> in an increasingly diverse city. A New York Times article \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/01/world/americas/venom-of-us-election-seeps-down-to-city-council-race-in-california.html?_r=0\">used the word \"venom\"\u003c/a> to describe the conditions in Irvine's 2016 City Council race, outlining a particularly contentious rivalry and slew of politicking between Khan and another Democratic City Council front-runner, Anila Ali, who is also a Pakistani-American and Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Nadeem Mazen, who became Massachusetts' first elected Muslim official when he won a City Council seat in 2013 by only six votes, has seen that political and Islamophobic \"venom\" seep to the local level, too. \"If you're a visible Muslim ... you'll be a target 100 percent of the time,\" said Mazen. After winning his seat in 2015 by \u003ca href=\"http://cambridge.wickedlocal.com/article/20151104/NEWS/151108371\">landing the most votes\u003c/a> of any of the candidates seeking re-election, he started a nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.jet-pac.com/\">JetPac\u003c/a>, which helps Muslims get more involved politically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, JetPac's training focuses on teaching potential candidates to lead canvassing and phone campaigns, to analyze local issues and to respond to vitriol that targets their race or religion. Some of these skills Mazen learned on the job. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/11/16/hamas-on-the-charles-cambridge-ma-reelects-cair-leader-to-city-council/\">platform of the white nationalist movement\u003c/a> commonly referred to as the \"alt-right\" incorrectly \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/01/breitbart-news-cambridge-city-council-217444\">accused Mazen of being associated with Hamas\u003c/a> and so-called \"extremist operatives.\" He has \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/12/29/first-muslim-city-councilor-cambridge-would-rather-talk-about-affordable-housing/tOBUJWblu2ox2aHt05L7EJ/story.html\">received violent threats\u003c/a>, including being told that \"Christians are coming\" for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For 20 years I've seen people who are in the limelight get the same attacks or the same questions,\" Mazen said. \"When someone isn't attacking you, they're asking 'Why aren't Muslims doing a better job controlling the narrative?' When someone is attacking you personally, they say, 'Why are you associated with this, that or the other thing that the American public has heard about, but doesn't like?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazen teaches his JetPac trainees that \"operating on the positive\" is the most effective way a candidate can respond to such criticisms. For a candidate, that could mean \"facing the hate speech head on, and then flipping the conversation back to the actual service to the community and back to the actual [elected] role in question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Irvine, Farrah Khan also tries to operate on the positive. \"I'm just as good as the people that are in office right now,\" she said. \"I want people to see that there is another side to ... this whole Muslim narrative that's kind of being spun out of control right now.\" Khan plans to run for her town's City Council a second time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We know that in times of heightened stress, human instincts tell us to fight or flee. For some American Muslims, the current political climate has created a need for more Muslims to stand up and fight by seeking political office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Muslims didn't ask to be dragged into the spotlight, but now that we're there and we need to push back, getting into elected office is one of the best means,\" said Robert McCaw, director of government affairs at the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/nadeem_education_1024_wide-393e59e74492e253b37ace133b089bacebc141b7-800x450.png\" Title=\"In Response to Rising Biased Rhetoric, Muslims Run for Office\" program=\"NPR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCaw pointed out that there are only two Muslims serving in Congress: Keith Ellison of Minnesota, who over the weekend was appointed deputy chair of the Democratic National Committee, and André Carson of Indiana. Local races, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.northjersey.com/story/news/2017/01/26/bias-rise-muslims-turn-elected-office/97087000/\">ones in New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2016-10-21/austin-community-college-board-of-trustees/\">Austin\u003c/a>, have seen an increase in mostly Democratic Muslim candidates running for office. And Sayu Bhojwani, the executive director of the New American Leaders Project (NALP), which helps politically involved immigrants run for office, said her organization has seen more South Asian, Arab-American and Muslim people emerge from their trainings and run for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When your civil rights are under attack,\" McCaw said, \"grab hold of the Constitution and assert yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need to make their presence known has been largely due to a rise in open aggression against Muslim-Americans. The latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/14/502036699/hate-crimes-rose-in-2015-with-religious-bias-a-growing-motivation-fbi-data-shows\">FBI figures show a 67 percent increase\u003c/a> in anti-Muslim hate crimes between 2014 and 2015 (184 to 257). That is the highest total of anti-Muslim hate crimes since the aftermath of 9/11, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2016/11/14/fbi-hate-crimes-against-muslims-percent/9bRSjP5PrtL6nCvc0PFyvM/story.html\">Associated Press\u003c/a>. This spike in Islamophobia over the past decade, along with recent anti-Muslim political rhetoric and policies, including an attempt to ban travel from seven majority-Muslim countries, has motivated a noticeable number of Muslims to step into the political ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since Sept. 11, there's been an evolution of engagement with these communities,\" Bhojwani said. \"Initially, there might've been a sense of, 'It's going to be difficult for me to overcome some of ... the public perceptions that I might experience as an American Muslim or Arab-American or South-Asian American.'\" But now, she said, the generation of folks who grew up during the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and subsequent increase in Islamophobia have started mobilizing. \"I think there was a moment in recent years, where there was a sense of, 'This isn't going to change ... but I can be part of that change as part of that dialogue.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-800x1072.jpg\" alt=\"Farrah Khan ran for a seat on Irvine's City Council in 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-800x1072.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-1020x1367.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-1180x1581.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-960x1287.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-240x322.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-375x503.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Khan-520x697.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farrah Khan ran for a seat on Irvine's City Council in 2016. \u003ccite>(Gunindu Abeysekera/Courtesy of Farrah Khan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farrah Khan, a business owner who also heads an interfaith group in Irvine, was helping someone else run their City Council race when she took a NALP training in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who is Pakistani-American and Muslim, told NPR that prior to the training, she'd considered running for a City Council seat, and had mentioned that possibility to her peers. Khan said she was told by her local Democratic Party members that the timing wasn't right, and that she'd have to wait her turn to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the NALP training, Khan recalled that she listened to another woman mention how her local party had also told her to wait her turn. Bhojwani said that many of NALP's participants who have wanted to run for local office have been told by party members to hold off on pursuing a local seat. That's why, Bhojwani said, \"it's really important that we're affirming for people of all backgrounds that ... someone who has their immigration background, their religious status, our skin color, our names, can be in a leadership position.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Khan completed her training, she went back to her local elected officials. \"I said, 'Hey, you know what? Next year, I'm thinking of running,' \" Khan recalled. Their response was a lot like the first time she tried to inquire about running for office and filing the paperwork to do so: \"They were like, 'Oh! No, no. Maybe not right now. You know, we're still deciding what to do the next two years.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time, after the NALP training, Khan said she stood her ground: \"I was like, 'No, no. I'm \u003cem>telling\u003c/em> you. I'm running.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What’s happening at the national level can be used against you by your own party members because they think people will buy into it.'\u003ccite>Farrah Khan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Khan \u003ca href=\"http://www.theliberaloc.com/2015/09/30/farrah-khan-announces-run-for-irvine-city-council/\">announced \u003c/a>she was entering Irvine's crowded City Council race in 2015; there would ultimately be \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/council-725876-election-mayor.html\">15 other candidates\u003c/a> competing for two slots. She quickly became a strong contender in the Democrat-leaning city, even garnering the much-coveted endorsement of young Democrats at the University of California, Irvine. The city of Irvine is known for its rapidly-growing, diverse — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/irvine-729359-asian-city.html\">and more than 45 percent Asian\u003c/a> — population, and has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofirvine.org/about-irvine/demographics\">median household income\u003c/a> of more than $90,000. A little more than 25,000 people in Orange County identify as Muslim, according to a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/11/56162/socal-s-muslim-community-geographically-ethnically/\">estimate\u003c/a> from the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Irvine's racially diverse demographics, Khan said she saw the Islamophobic rhetoric from the presidential election reflected in her own race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might not run on your immigration status, or that you're an American Muslim, but you can't run from it,\" Bhojwani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theliberaloc.com/2016/11/03/developer-super-pac-use-trump-style-attacks-on-irvine-mom-and-her-family/\">local liberal-leaning blog\u003c/a>, a political action committee (PAC) sent out \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/2016/11/farrah-khan-slaps-back-at-disgusting-dishonest-degrading-dave-gilliard-his-irvine-clients/\">fliers\u003c/a> that attacked her religious faith. Khan said that an opponent even made lawn signs that falsely accused her of being anti-Israel. She said party members, religious leaders and friends reached out to her to express their shock at that sort of politicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338159\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11338159 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-800x600.jpg\" alt='Farrah Khan said that during her city council campaign in Irvine, Calif., an opponent made a sign falsely accusing her of being \"anti-Israel.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/NoFarrah-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farrah Khan said that during her City Council campaign in Irvine, Calif., an opponent made a sign falsely accusing her of being \"anti-Israel.\" \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Farrah Khan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It was kind of like a self-check for me, to see ... [that] what's happening at the national level can be used against you by your own party members because they think people will buy into it,\" Khan said. She eventually lost the election, coming in fourth place out of 16, with over 11 percent of the votes \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/results-734757-county-election.html\">(more than 16,487)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003cem>Orange County Register\u003c/em> reporter noted that Irvine's City Council is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocregister.com/articles/asian-737839-irvine-council.html\">now completely white\u003c/a> in an increasingly diverse city. A New York Times article \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/01/world/americas/venom-of-us-election-seeps-down-to-city-council-race-in-california.html?_r=0\">used the word \"venom\"\u003c/a> to describe the conditions in Irvine's 2016 City Council race, outlining a particularly contentious rivalry and slew of politicking between Khan and another Democratic City Council front-runner, Anila Ali, who is also a Pakistani-American and Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Nadeem Mazen, who became Massachusetts' first elected Muslim official when he won a City Council seat in 2013 by only six votes, has seen that political and Islamophobic \"venom\" seep to the local level, too. \"If you're a visible Muslim ... you'll be a target 100 percent of the time,\" said Mazen. After winning his seat in 2015 by \u003ca href=\"http://cambridge.wickedlocal.com/article/20151104/NEWS/151108371\">landing the most votes\u003c/a> of any of the candidates seeking re-election, he started a nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.jet-pac.com/\">JetPac\u003c/a>, which helps Muslims get more involved politically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, JetPac's training focuses on teaching potential candidates to lead canvassing and phone campaigns, to analyze local issues and to respond to vitriol that targets their race or religion. Some of these skills Mazen learned on the job. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/11/16/hamas-on-the-charles-cambridge-ma-reelects-cair-leader-to-city-council/\">platform of the white nationalist movement\u003c/a> commonly referred to as the \"alt-right\" incorrectly \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/01/breitbart-news-cambridge-city-council-217444\">accused Mazen of being associated with Hamas\u003c/a> and so-called \"extremist operatives.\" He has \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/12/29/first-muslim-city-councilor-cambridge-would-rather-talk-about-affordable-housing/tOBUJWblu2ox2aHt05L7EJ/story.html\">received violent threats\u003c/a>, including being told that \"Christians are coming\" for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For 20 years I've seen people who are in the limelight get the same attacks or the same questions,\" Mazen said. \"When someone isn't attacking you, they're asking 'Why aren't Muslims doing a better job controlling the narrative?' When someone is attacking you personally, they say, 'Why are you associated with this, that or the other thing that the American public has heard about, but doesn't like?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazen teaches his JetPac trainees that \"operating on the positive\" is the most effective way a candidate can respond to such criticisms. For a candidate, that could mean \"facing the hate speech head on, and then flipping the conversation back to the actual service to the community and back to the actual [elected] role in question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Irvine, Farrah Khan also tries to operate on the positive. \"I'm just as good as the people that are in office right now,\" she said. \"I want people to see that there is another side to ... this whole Muslim narrative that's kind of being spun out of control right now.\" Khan plans to run for her town's City Council a second time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three of the five people who were aboard a small plane when it crashed into a neighborhood in Riverside have died, in a crash that occurred shortly after the craft took off Monday afternoon. Residents were not at home when the plane hit one house. Fire destroyed another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survivors -- two women in their late 30s or early 40s -- were ejected from the plane and into the house, leading to initial confusion over whether they lived there or not, Riverside Fire Chief Michael Moore said late Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group was from the San Jose area and had attended a weekend cheerleading competition at Disneyland, officials said. Their plane went down only about a mile from its takeoff at Riverside Municipal Airport. Their identities have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plane crashed into the homes around 4:40 p.m. local time, Moore said. Firefighters who responded to the scene quickly located the survivors, and one of them was able to tell them that there were more people on board the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KL_pcljjjTQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Upon impact, the plane pretty much split apart, and luckily she was ejected, and [with] very minor injuries, even though we're treating her as a critical patient,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore said a piece of the wreckage had been found \"at least a half-mile away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/articles/burning-826435-monday-airplane.html\">The Press Enterprise\u003c/a> reports, \"The impact felt like an earthquake, neighbors said, and sent up a 'big orange ball of fire' that could be seen blocks away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/02/27/small-plane-crashes-into-home-in-riverside/\">TV station KCAL\u003c/a> spoke to a witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen one of the ladies who was on the plane coming out of the house trying to get out, and people rushing over to help her,\" Bella Aguelar, who lives near the struck homes, told the station. \"I saw one other person get pulled out, and they were alive, but they were burned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency crews were confronted with a confusing scene in the wreckage, as they struggled to determine whether any of the victims had been in the homes that were hit, or if they had been traveling in the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board will determine the circumstances around the crash, Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three of the five people who were aboard a small plane when it crashed into a neighborhood in Riverside have died, in a crash that occurred shortly after the craft took off Monday afternoon. Residents were not at home when the plane hit one house. Fire destroyed another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survivors -- two women in their late 30s or early 40s -- were ejected from the plane and into the house, leading to initial confusion over whether they lived there or not, Riverside Fire Chief Michael Moore said late Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group was from the San Jose area and had attended a weekend cheerleading competition at Disneyland, officials said. Their plane went down only about a mile from its takeoff at Riverside Municipal Airport. Their identities have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plane crashed into the homes around 4:40 p.m. local time, Moore said. Firefighters who responded to the scene quickly located the survivors, and one of them was able to tell them that there were more people on board the plane.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KL_pcljjjTQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KL_pcljjjTQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Upon impact, the plane pretty much split apart, and luckily she was ejected, and [with] very minor injuries, even though we're treating her as a critical patient,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore said a piece of the wreckage had been found \"at least a half-mile away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/articles/burning-826435-monday-airplane.html\">The Press Enterprise\u003c/a> reports, \"The impact felt like an earthquake, neighbors said, and sent up a 'big orange ball of fire' that could be seen blocks away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/02/27/small-plane-crashes-into-home-in-riverside/\">TV station KCAL\u003c/a> spoke to a witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen one of the ladies who was on the plane coming out of the house trying to get out, and people rushing over to help her,\" Bella Aguelar, who lives near the struck homes, told the station. \"I saw one other person get pulled out, and they were alive, but they were burned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency crews were confronted with a confusing scene in the wreckage, as they struggled to determine whether any of the victims had been in the homes that were hit, or if they had been traveling in the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board will determine the circumstances around the crash, Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the Wilmington neighborhood of Los Angeles, residential streets dead-end at oil refineries. Diesel trucks crawl through, carrying containers from nearby ports. Longtime resident Magali Sanchez Hall says the pollution from all that \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/02/68616/is-california-climate-law-worsening-pollution-in-c/\">has taken a toll\u003c/a>, right on the street where she lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that live here, the mother died of cancer,” she says, pointing to a modest one-story home. “The people that live here, three people died of cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s own research finds people in Wilmington are about twice as likely to get cancer as the average person in greater Los Angeles. That’s mostly due to diesel fumes, but also the toxic chemicals that mix with the greenhouse gas emissions of refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez Hall wipes her finger across the hood of a car and holds it up. “Black dust,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”O2acFWnir4mdzUZBjXuzRErsmrU7ZwAq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this, you might think Sanchez Hall would be excited about California’s so-called cap-and-trade program, which aims to get polluting companies, like the refineries here, to reduce emissions. But she and others say the state’s signature climate change program is failing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first heard about cap and trade, I couldn’t conceive how pollution had become a commodity to profit from,” says Alicia Rivera of Communities for a Better Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, California sets an overall cap on carbon emissions. In order to meet it, companies have three choices: cut their emissions directly; buy and sell permits that allow them to keep emitting; or make up for their emissions by reducing emissions somewhere else. That last option is called an “offset,” and environmental justice activists like Rivera hate it the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t care if they have a project for tree planting elsewhere,” she says. “When are they going to reduce pollution here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study finds that emissions in places like Wilmington actually increased during the first two years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cap-and-trade system faces other challenges, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Lawsuit-not-Trump-threatens-California-s-10631542.php\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> by the California Chamber of Commerce, which alleges the program is an illegal tax unless it garners two-thirds approval in the Legislature. Gov. Jerry Brown is urging lawmakers to give that approval, and extend cap and trade beyond 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EOfUcfyunfr8WCwnoIoFzCTbD1QnOhid”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some lawmakers are sympathetic to the environmental justice position. And some advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ejac/meetings/01182017/20170112ca_ej_declaration_on_carbon_pricing_reform.pdf\">recently declared\u003c/a> they will “fight at every turn” efforts to extend cap and trade, and push instead for something that guarantees direct emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who run the cap-and-trade program say they are listening, and acting. “It’s probably premature to try to judge the program’s total effectiveness at this point because it hasn’t been in effect very long,” says Dave Clegern of the California Air Resources Board. But he says the board is proposing that refineries cut their emissions by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state says it also wants to keep cap and trade, which a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3553\">legislative report \u003c/a>deemed the “likely most cost-effective” approach to reducing greenhouse gases. Clegern says auctioning off carbon credits also generates a lot of money, and by law, half of it must benefit people living in disadvantaged communities. “What we have basically is a balancing act,” he says, “where we need to be able to keep the economy alive, [and] keep public health improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Air Resources Board will consider whether and how to amend its cap-and-trade program in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Wilmington, some are losing patience. Longtime resident Magali Sanchez Hall says the polluted air affects even her smallest daily decisions, like where to work out. “I try to come to exercise here at this park,” she says, driving down her street. “But it just feels weird to be exercising and breathing all this, you know? It’s just weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's signature climate plan is under attack from environmental justice groups. Some say cap and trade hasn't done anything to clean up the air in low-income communities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the Wilmington neighborhood of Los Angeles, residential streets dead-end at oil refineries. Diesel trucks crawl through, carrying containers from nearby ports. Longtime resident Magali Sanchez Hall says the pollution from all that \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/02/68616/is-california-climate-law-worsening-pollution-in-c/\">has taken a toll\u003c/a>, right on the street where she lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that live here, the mother died of cancer,” she says, pointing to a modest one-story home. “The people that live here, three people died of cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s own research finds people in Wilmington are about twice as likely to get cancer as the average person in greater Los Angeles. That’s mostly due to diesel fumes, but also the toxic chemicals that mix with the greenhouse gas emissions of refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez Hall wipes her finger across the hood of a car and holds it up. “Black dust,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this, you might think Sanchez Hall would be excited about California’s so-called cap-and-trade program, which aims to get polluting companies, like the refineries here, to reduce emissions. But she and others say the state’s signature climate change program is failing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first heard about cap and trade, I couldn’t conceive how pollution had become a commodity to profit from,” says Alicia Rivera of Communities for a Better Environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, California sets an overall cap on carbon emissions. In order to meet it, companies have three choices: cut their emissions directly; buy and sell permits that allow them to keep emitting; or make up for their emissions by reducing emissions somewhere else. That last option is called an “offset,” and environmental justice activists like Rivera hate it the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t care if they have a project for tree planting elsewhere,” she says. “When are they going to reduce pollution here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study finds that emissions in places like Wilmington actually increased during the first two years of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cap-and-trade system faces other challenges, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Lawsuit-not-Trump-threatens-California-s-10631542.php\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> by the California Chamber of Commerce, which alleges the program is an illegal tax unless it garners two-thirds approval in the Legislature. Gov. Jerry Brown is urging lawmakers to give that approval, and extend cap and trade beyond 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some lawmakers are sympathetic to the environmental justice position. And some advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ejac/meetings/01182017/20170112ca_ej_declaration_on_carbon_pricing_reform.pdf\">recently declared\u003c/a> they will “fight at every turn” efforts to extend cap and trade, and push instead for something that guarantees direct emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who run the cap-and-trade program say they are listening, and acting. “It’s probably premature to try to judge the program’s total effectiveness at this point because it hasn’t been in effect very long,” says Dave Clegern of the California Air Resources Board. But he says the board is proposing that refineries cut their emissions by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state says it also wants to keep cap and trade, which a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3553\">legislative report \u003c/a>deemed the “likely most cost-effective” approach to reducing greenhouse gases. Clegern says auctioning off carbon credits also generates a lot of money, and by law, half of it must benefit people living in disadvantaged communities. “What we have basically is a balancing act,” he says, “where we need to be able to keep the economy alive, [and] keep public health improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Air Resources Board will consider whether and how to amend its cap-and-trade program in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Wilmington, some are losing patience. Longtime resident Magali Sanchez Hall says the polluted air affects even her smallest daily decisions, like where to work out. “I try to come to exercise here at this park,” she says, driving down her street. “But it just feels weird to be exercising and breathing all this, you know? It’s just weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "White House Spokesman Predicts More Federal Action Against Marijuana",
"title": "White House Spokesman Predicts More Federal Action Against Marijuana",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Justice Department may step up enforcement of federal marijuana laws in states that have voted to legalize its recreational use, according to White House press secretary Sean Spicer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do believe you'll see greater enforcement of it,\" Spicer said, during \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kagnaxYUPc&t=26m34s\">his daily press briefing\u003c/a>. He added that the Department of Justice will be looking into the issue further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spicer's comments offer an indication of how the Trump administration may approach the nation's fast-growing cannabis industry. New Attorney General Jeff Sessions has been less direct when asked about marijuana, saying during his confirmation hearings that he would \"review and evaluate\" existing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly one in five Americans now live in a state where non-medical marijuana is legal for adults, and that number may be growing. Lawmakers in \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-legal-marijuana-20170130-story.html\">Maryland\u003c/a> have recently proposed bills allowing recreational use. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">Medical use of cannabis\u003c/a> is allowed in 28 states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spicer differentiated between medical and recreational use of the plant, saying President Trump \"understands the pain and suffering that many people go through who are facing especially terminal diseases and the comfort that some of these drugs, including medical marijuana, can bring them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational marijuana, he said, is a \"very, very different subject.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eSGkFsHOULct7F04UEs5PP8i3pozJNEg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Americans support marijuana legalization, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2432\">new poll\u003c/a> by Quinnipiac University. It also found that 71 percent of voters believe the government should not enforce federal laws against marijuana in states that have legalized it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vast majority of Americans agree that the federal government has no business interfering in state marijuana laws,\" said Mason Tvert, the communications director for the Marijuana Policy Project, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mpp.org/news/press/mpp-issues-statement-regarding-white-house-press-secretarys-comments-federal-marijuana-enforcement/\">in a statement\u003c/a>. \"This administration is claiming that it values states' rights, so we hope they will respect the rights of states to determine their own marijuana policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/503052567/jeff-sessions-appointment-poses-threat-to-booming-marijuana-industry\">growing uncertainty\u003c/a> in the multibillion-dollar marijuana industry about how the Trump administration would approach enforcement of federal drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"laZV4t9gowgBVys0tDtUzD4EjPr0WK90\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulated marijuana sales totaled $6.7 billion in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcviewmarketresearch.com/\">according to Arcview Market Research\u003c/a>, and it's projected to grow to an estimated $20.2 billion by 2021. But marijuana is still illegal under federal law. The industry has been growing under the auspices of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf\">so-called Cole Memo\u003c/a>, put in place by the Obama administration in 2013. That memo said federal prosecutors would not intervene in states' marijuana laws as long as cannabis didn't cross state lines and the states followed a set of guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been concern since the election that Trump could move to undo that memo. As a candidate, Trump said that recreational marijuana should be a state issue. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/18/trumps-pick-for-attorney-general-good-people-dont-smoke-marijuana/?utm_term=.9f17b9aae844\">Sessions said\u003c/a> as early as last year that \"good people don't smoke pot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state's attorney general, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/07/513957921/the-attorney-general-behind-the-resistance-to-trumps-travel-ban\">Bob Ferguson\u003c/a>, who led the lawsuit against Trump's travel ban, has already said that he would oppose any moves by the administration to interfere with his state's marijuana laws. In a letter to Sessions, he wrote: \"My office will use every tool at our disposal to ensure that the federal government does not undermine Washington's successful, unified system for regulation recreational and medical marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Justice Department may step up enforcement of federal marijuana laws in states that have voted to legalize its recreational use, according to White House press secretary Sean Spicer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do believe you'll see greater enforcement of it,\" Spicer said, during \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kagnaxYUPc&t=26m34s\">his daily press briefing\u003c/a>. He added that the Department of Justice will be looking into the issue further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spicer's comments offer an indication of how the Trump administration may approach the nation's fast-growing cannabis industry. New Attorney General Jeff Sessions has been less direct when asked about marijuana, saying during his confirmation hearings that he would \"review and evaluate\" existing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly one in five Americans now live in a state where non-medical marijuana is legal for adults, and that number may be growing. Lawmakers in \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-legal-marijuana-20170130-story.html\">Maryland\u003c/a> have recently proposed bills allowing recreational use. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">Medical use of cannabis\u003c/a> is allowed in 28 states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spicer differentiated between medical and recreational use of the plant, saying President Trump \"understands the pain and suffering that many people go through who are facing especially terminal diseases and the comfort that some of these drugs, including medical marijuana, can bring them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational marijuana, he said, is a \"very, very different subject.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Americans support marijuana legalization, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2432\">new poll\u003c/a> by Quinnipiac University. It also found that 71 percent of voters believe the government should not enforce federal laws against marijuana in states that have legalized it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vast majority of Americans agree that the federal government has no business interfering in state marijuana laws,\" said Mason Tvert, the communications director for the Marijuana Policy Project, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mpp.org/news/press/mpp-issues-statement-regarding-white-house-press-secretarys-comments-federal-marijuana-enforcement/\">in a statement\u003c/a>. \"This administration is claiming that it values states' rights, so we hope they will respect the rights of states to determine their own marijuana policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/503052567/jeff-sessions-appointment-poses-threat-to-booming-marijuana-industry\">growing uncertainty\u003c/a> in the multibillion-dollar marijuana industry about how the Trump administration would approach enforcement of federal drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulated marijuana sales totaled $6.7 billion in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcviewmarketresearch.com/\">according to Arcview Market Research\u003c/a>, and it's projected to grow to an estimated $20.2 billion by 2021. But marijuana is still illegal under federal law. The industry has been growing under the auspices of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf\">so-called Cole Memo\u003c/a>, put in place by the Obama administration in 2013. That memo said federal prosecutors would not intervene in states' marijuana laws as long as cannabis didn't cross state lines and the states followed a set of guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been concern since the election that Trump could move to undo that memo. As a candidate, Trump said that recreational marijuana should be a state issue. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/18/trumps-pick-for-attorney-general-good-people-dont-smoke-marijuana/?utm_term=.9f17b9aae844\">Sessions said\u003c/a> as early as last year that \"good people don't smoke pot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state's attorney general, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/07/513957921/the-attorney-general-behind-the-resistance-to-trumps-travel-ban\">Bob Ferguson\u003c/a>, who led the lawsuit against Trump's travel ban, has already said that he would oppose any moves by the administration to interfere with his state's marijuana laws. In a letter to Sessions, he wrote: \"My office will use every tool at our disposal to ensure that the federal government does not undermine Washington's successful, unified system for regulation recreational and medical marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump's Election Drives More Women to Consider Running for Office",
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"content": "\u003cp>Will the election of Donald Trump, who once boasted of grabbing women by the genitalia and has a history of sexist remarks, create a wave of female candidates at all levels of government in the coming years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early signs from the groups that work with women considering a bid for office suggest a level of intense interest not seen in at least a quarter-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kate Noble had never considered getting involved in politics until she woke up the day after Trump’s surprise victory over Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noble worked for years in the economic development office of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and she believes a good workforce depends on well-educated citizens, so she decided to run for a local school board seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her political philosophy is distinctly un-Trumpian: “I want to be someone who can bring forward anybody’s and everybody’s good ideas. They don’t need to be my own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[WomenCandidates]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest in running for office comes as women are still far from having anywhere close to proportionate representation at any level of government. In Congress, about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/current-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 percent of lawmakers\u003c/a> are women, while in statehouses, about 25 percent of lawmakers are women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Noble’s case, she contacted the New Mexico branch of Emerge America, a group that trains Democratic women to run for office. She ended up running unopposed and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Trump bump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Noble wasn’t the only woman to wake up with the same idea after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw an immediate uptick in interest in our work,” said Andrea Dew Steele, the president and founder of Emerge America. “And it has persisted through today. It’s unlike anything we’ve ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications for the group’s training sessions increased 87 percent after Election Day, Steele said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of it is absolutely a reaction to President Trump and his policies,” said Jean Sinzdak, of the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University. “For others, it is Hillary Clinton’s loss,” because the fact that we don’t have a female president “sort of woke them up to the idea that maybe we haven’t made as much progress as we thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinzdak oversees the university’s nonpartisan New Jersey training program, Ready to Run, which also has affiliates nationwide. Ready to Run is experiencing its own Trump bump, with more than 50 women signing up immediately after Election Day. This year’s program is already at capacity, which Sinzdak, who has been running the program for 12 years, says typically doesn’t happen until March. The program has been expanded to accommodate up to 50 extra people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Steele and Sinzdak say the interest they’re seeing from women who want to run for office reminds them of what they saw in the early 1990s following the Anita Hill hearings. Hill had accused then-Supreme Court nominee, now Justice, Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After those hearings, Sinzdak said, “We did have an increase in the numbers of women running for office and we saw a big jump in the number of women who ran for and won election to Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local and state offices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump became president without ever running for another office, most people get their start in politics the way Noble has, by running for local office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think people realize that a lot of the decisions that are made that affect their daily lives happen at the local and state levels,” said Ashley Sanderson, the executive director of Emerge New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a surge in interest in running for office might not translate into women actually running for office, said Rachel Michelin, executive director of the nonpartisan training group California Women Lead, pointing to 2012 as a year that was supposed to be good for female candidates in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had open seats. We just had redistricting in California. It was a presidential election. So we thought we would see this big surge of women getting elected,” she said. “What happened, though, was we just didn’t have enough women running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where groups like California Women Lead, Emerge America and Ready to Run come in to help guide women from signing up for a training program to actually running for office. Steele, of Emerge America, believes this latest burst of enthusiasm is different from past years and she’s confident that more women will actually run in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge for us is getting more women interested in running,” said Steele. “So the fact that women are self-nominating, are waking up and saying ‘I want to do this,’ is the biggest, most hopeful sign that I’ve seen definitely since the Anita Hill hearings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Noble, she says she’s already learned a lot by running for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have really liked listening to people, working on ideas, having people listening to me.” She says the school board campaign was a good test run for future campaigns. “I’m so energized.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[WomenCandidates]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest in running for office comes as women are still far from having anywhere close to proportionate representation at any level of government. In Congress, about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/current-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 percent of lawmakers\u003c/a> are women, while in statehouses, about 25 percent of lawmakers are women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Noble’s case, she contacted the New Mexico branch of Emerge America, a group that trains Democratic women to run for office. She ended up running unopposed and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Trump bump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out Noble wasn’t the only woman to wake up with the same idea after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw an immediate uptick in interest in our work,” said Andrea Dew Steele, the president and founder of Emerge America. “And it has persisted through today. It’s unlike anything we’ve ever seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications for the group’s training sessions increased 87 percent after Election Day, Steele said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of it is absolutely a reaction to President Trump and his policies,” said Jean Sinzdak, of the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University. “For others, it is Hillary Clinton’s loss,” because the fact that we don’t have a female president “sort of woke them up to the idea that maybe we haven’t made as much progress as we thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinzdak oversees the university’s nonpartisan New Jersey training program, Ready to Run, which also has affiliates nationwide. Ready to Run is experiencing its own Trump bump, with more than 50 women signing up immediately after Election Day. This year’s program is already at capacity, which Sinzdak, who has been running the program for 12 years, says typically doesn’t happen until March. The program has been expanded to accommodate up to 50 extra people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Steele and Sinzdak say the interest they’re seeing from women who want to run for office reminds them of what they saw in the early 1990s following the Anita Hill hearings. Hill had accused then-Supreme Court nominee, now Justice, Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After those hearings, Sinzdak said, “We did have an increase in the numbers of women running for office and we saw a big jump in the number of women who ran for and won election to Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local and state offices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump became president without ever running for another office, most people get their start in politics the way Noble has, by running for local office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think people realize that a lot of the decisions that are made that affect their daily lives happen at the local and state levels,” said Ashley Sanderson, the executive director of Emerge New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a surge in interest in running for office might not translate into women actually running for office, said Rachel Michelin, executive director of the nonpartisan training group California Women Lead, pointing to 2012 as a year that was supposed to be good for female candidates in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had open seats. We just had redistricting in California. It was a presidential election. So we thought we would see this big surge of women getting elected,” she said. “What happened, though, was we just didn’t have enough women running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where groups like California Women Lead, Emerge America and Ready to Run come in to help guide women from signing up for a training program to actually running for office. Steele, of Emerge America, believes this latest burst of enthusiasm is different from past years and she’s confident that more women will actually run in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge for us is getting more women interested in running,” said Steele. “So the fact that women are self-nominating, are waking up and saying ‘I want to do this,’ is the biggest, most hopeful sign that I’ve seen definitely since the Anita Hill hearings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Noble, she says she’s already learned a lot by running for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have really liked listening to people, working on ideas, having people listening to me.” She says the school board campaign was a good test run for future campaigns. “I’m so energized.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Green Card Holders Worry About Trump's Efforts to Curtail Immigration",
"title": "Green Card Holders Worry About Trump's Efforts to Curtail Immigration",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump's executive orders so far have targeted immigrants staying in the U.S. illegally, refugees, and visa holders from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good assumption,\" Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly said at the Munich Security Conference on Feb. 18, that green card holders — or legal permanent residents — will not be affected by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/16/515607869/trump-says-he-will-issue-new-executive-action-related-to-travel-ban\">revised travel ban Trump is expected to announce this week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alondra Juarez, a green card holder in Los Angeles, says she is not taking any chances. On a recent morning, she was one of dozens lined up outside the office of the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.chirla.org/\">CHIRLA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had come before, but she turned back after she saw long lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to say this is my sixth attempt,\" said Juarez, a 29-year-old social worker who has lived in L.A. for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She heard that CHIRLA was offering free help with citizenship applications during Trump's first 100 days in office. Juarez says she was troubled by Trump's executive order that temporarily banned travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Muslim ban was an eye-opener because if you do ask a lot of Latinos with resident cards, they'll tell you, 'OK, first it was Muslims, and next, who's on the list? The Latinos, Hispanic population,' \" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11328429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11328429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles is offering free assistance with citizenship applications through the first 100 days of the Trump administration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles is offering free assistance with citizenship applications through the first 100 days of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Parker Yesko/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Green card holders can apply for citizenship after staying in the U.S. for at least five years. But historically, nearly 40 percent of those eligible for citizenship — or about 10 million people — choose to keep their green cards, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/11/14/ii-recent-trends-in-naturalization-2000-2011/\" target=\"_blank\">latest estimate by the Pew Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the courts have put the travel ban on hold, the uncertainty of Trump's immigration policies is keeping immigrants on edge. Many green card holders are now flocking to apply for citizenship, including Vera Mayorga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the sidewalk outside CHIRLA's office, she said her mother, Dina, is concerned about more changes in immigration policy and feels that getting citizenship is the best insurance against being deported back to Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She doesn't want to go back,\" Vera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is scary because here is my life,\" Dina added. \"My daughter's going to school here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After CHIRLA staffers opened their office doors, the Mayorgas and other green card holders streamed inside to start filling out intake forms. There were so many people crammed into the room that more chairs had to be brought in. Smiles broke across nervous faces as a staffer welcomed them in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to see two to three people a week seeking citizenship services. Now we are seeing between 30 and 50 people a day,\" says Jorge-Mario Cabrera, CHIRLA's director of communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his organization hopes this recent rush for citizenship will eventually result in more new voters at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The right to vote and a U.S. passport are some of the top incentives for applying for citizenship. But there are also plenty of barriers that discourage some green card holders, including misinformation about the application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we want is to provide folks with the right information so that they don't end up at \u003cem>notarios\u003c/em> and fraudulent attorneys that will take their money, wreck their lives and run away from it all,\" Cabrera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allan Wernick, an immigration attorney who runs the City University of New York's Citizenship Now! program, has also seen a significant increase in green card holders seeking citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, some people have been intimidated by having to pass an English test and an exam about U.S history and government. Another challenge has been the fees, which can total as much as $725 to file the application for naturalization and to pay for the required fingerprinting and other biometric collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not everyone understands that if you're indigent or low income, you can get a waiver of that filing fee,\" Wernick explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidential election cycles generally boost the number of citizenship applications. Last year was no exception. Through September, application numbers were up more than 24 percent over the previous fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amir, a green card holder from Iran who lives in California's Orange County, submitted his application for naturalization a few weeks before Trump's inauguration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked NPR not to use his last name because he is worried that speaking out might affect his application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he was shocked that green card holders from Iran and the six other mainly Muslim countries affected by the travel ban were initially not allowed to return to the U.S. after Trump signed his executive order on Jan. 27. The White House counsel eventually issued a statement saying that green card holders are exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the confusion brought up a lot of questions for Amir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What if I happened to be outside of the country and wanted to come back?\" he says. \"This is home. I mean, I own a house here. I have no other place to go. I'm here as an asylee and as a gay man. There's not a lot of welcoming in Iran for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says Trump's Jan. 27 executive order will not affect how it reviews citizenship applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Amir hopes he will soon be able to take his oath of allegiance and become a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the surge of applications, the wait may be longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Immigrant advocates say they've seen more interest in applying for U.S. citizenship from green card holders.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump's executive orders so far have targeted immigrants staying in the U.S. illegally, refugees, and visa holders from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good assumption,\" Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly said at the Munich Security Conference on Feb. 18, that green card holders — or legal permanent residents — will not be affected by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/16/515607869/trump-says-he-will-issue-new-executive-action-related-to-travel-ban\">revised travel ban Trump is expected to announce this week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alondra Juarez, a green card holder in Los Angeles, says she is not taking any chances. On a recent morning, she was one of dozens lined up outside the office of the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.chirla.org/\">CHIRLA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had come before, but she turned back after she saw long lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to say this is my sixth attempt,\" said Juarez, a 29-year-old social worker who has lived in L.A. for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She heard that CHIRLA was offering free help with citizenship applications during Trump's first 100 days in office. Juarez says she was troubled by Trump's executive order that temporarily banned travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Muslim ban was an eye-opener because if you do ask a lot of Latinos with resident cards, they'll tell you, 'OK, first it was Muslims, and next, who's on the list? The Latinos, Hispanic population,' \" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11328429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11328429\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles is offering free assistance with citizenship applications through the first 100 days of the Trump administration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/chirla2_custom-17b41607ec3b9c305066529a42737de19c6d26fd-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles is offering free assistance with citizenship applications through the first 100 days of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Parker Yesko/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Green card holders can apply for citizenship after staying in the U.S. for at least five years. But historically, nearly 40 percent of those eligible for citizenship — or about 10 million people — choose to keep their green cards, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/11/14/ii-recent-trends-in-naturalization-2000-2011/\" target=\"_blank\">latest estimate by the Pew Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the courts have put the travel ban on hold, the uncertainty of Trump's immigration policies is keeping immigrants on edge. Many green card holders are now flocking to apply for citizenship, including Vera Mayorga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the sidewalk outside CHIRLA's office, she said her mother, Dina, is concerned about more changes in immigration policy and feels that getting citizenship is the best insurance against being deported back to Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She doesn't want to go back,\" Vera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is scary because here is my life,\" Dina added. \"My daughter's going to school here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After CHIRLA staffers opened their office doors, the Mayorgas and other green card holders streamed inside to start filling out intake forms. There were so many people crammed into the room that more chairs had to be brought in. Smiles broke across nervous faces as a staffer welcomed them in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to see two to three people a week seeking citizenship services. Now we are seeing between 30 and 50 people a day,\" says Jorge-Mario Cabrera, CHIRLA's director of communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his organization hopes this recent rush for citizenship will eventually result in more new voters at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The right to vote and a U.S. passport are some of the top incentives for applying for citizenship. But there are also plenty of barriers that discourage some green card holders, including misinformation about the application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we want is to provide folks with the right information so that they don't end up at \u003cem>notarios\u003c/em> and fraudulent attorneys that will take their money, wreck their lives and run away from it all,\" Cabrera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allan Wernick, an immigration attorney who runs the City University of New York's Citizenship Now! program, has also seen a significant increase in green card holders seeking citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, some people have been intimidated by having to pass an English test and an exam about U.S history and government. Another challenge has been the fees, which can total as much as $725 to file the application for naturalization and to pay for the required fingerprinting and other biometric collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not everyone understands that if you're indigent or low income, you can get a waiver of that filing fee,\" Wernick explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidential election cycles generally boost the number of citizenship applications. Last year was no exception. Through September, application numbers were up more than 24 percent over the previous fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amir, a green card holder from Iran who lives in California's Orange County, submitted his application for naturalization a few weeks before Trump's inauguration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked NPR not to use his last name because he is worried that speaking out might affect his application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he was shocked that green card holders from Iran and the six other mainly Muslim countries affected by the travel ban were initially not allowed to return to the U.S. after Trump signed his executive order on Jan. 27. The White House counsel eventually issued a statement saying that green card holders are exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the confusion brought up a lot of questions for Amir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What if I happened to be outside of the country and wanted to come back?\" he says. \"This is home. I mean, I own a house here. I have no other place to go. I'm here as an asylee and as a gay man. There's not a lot of welcoming in Iran for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says Trump's Jan. 27 executive order will not affect how it reviews citizenship applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Amir hopes he will soon be able to take his oath of allegiance and become a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the surge of applications, the wait may be longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-californias-organic-farming-pioneers-age-a-younger-generation-steps-in",
"title": "As California's Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In",
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"headTitle": "As California’s Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The pioneers of organic farming are starting to retire. While some are passing on their farms to family to preserve their legacy, others are getting help finding like-minded strangers.",
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"title": "As California's Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In | KQED",
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"nprByline": "Ezra David Romero, Valley Public Radio at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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