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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine centers around Google's comparison shopping service — which has been known by names from Froogle and Google Product Search to Google Shopping — and its prominent display in related search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vestager said Google \"abused its market dominance ... by promoting its own comparison shopping service in its search results, and demoting those of competitors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That behavior, Vestager said, went too far. While acknowledging that Google's strategy included a plan to make its shopping product better than anyone else's, she said that the way the company treated its rivals and \"systematically\" ranked its own service at or near the top of the rankings went beyond the normal scope of competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google adopted the same practice in all 13 EU countries where it unveiled its shopping service, the European Commission says, starting with Germany and the United Kingdom in 2008 and, most recently, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Poland and Sweden in late 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the effects of Google's strategy, the commission says that traffic to Google's comparison shopping service rose \"45-fold in the United Kingdom, 35-fold in Germany, 19-fold in France, 29-fold in the Netherlands, 17-fold in Spain and 14-fold in Italy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission says that Google's rivals saw their traffic plummet — by 85 percent in the United Kingdom, 92 percent in Germany and 80 percent in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These sudden drops could also not be explained by other factors,\" the European body adds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Hit+With+%242.7+Billion+Fine+By+European+Antitrust+Monitor&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Supreme Court Revives Parts of Trump's Travel Ban as It Agrees to Hear Case",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court says it will decide the fate of President Trump's revised travel ban, agreeing to hear arguments over immigration cases that were filed in federal courts in Hawaii and Maryland and allowing parts of the ban that's now been on hold since March to take effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices removed the lower courts' injunctions against the ban \"with respect to foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States,\" narrowing the scope of two injunctions that had put the ban in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump called the Supreme Court's order \"a clear victory for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case centers on the president's move to block new visas for travelers from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days, and to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days. Challengers to the ban said it would harm people who have legitimate reasons to be in the U.S. — including through family ties, work and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will remain on hold for plaintiffs who challenged the executive order and for anyone who is \"similarly situated,\" the justices say — in other words, foreign nationals who have relatives in the U.S., or who plan to attend school or work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533934989/534448044\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees will face similar criteria, with anyone lacking connections in the U.S. denied entry. In its order, the court stated, \"the balance tips in favor of the Government's compelling need to provide for the Nation's security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying the petitions and injunctions \"are accordingly ripe for consideration,\" the Supreme Court said on Monday that the cases will be consolidated. The court's clerk will set a date for the case in the session that begins in October, the justices said, while noting that the Trump administration \"has not requested that we expedite consideration of the merits to a greater extent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that today's move is \"an important step towards restoring the separation of powers between the branches of the federal government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, called the travel ban unconstitutional, saying, \"Courts have repeatedly blocked this indefensible and discriminatory ban. The Supreme Court now has a chance to permanently strike it down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released by the White House, Trump wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"As President, I cannot allow people into our country who want to do us harm. I want people who can love the United States and all of its citizens, and who will be hardworking and productive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My number one responsibility as Commander in Chief is to keep the American people safe. Today's ruling allows me to use an important tool for protecting our Nation's homeland. I am also particularly gratified that the Supreme Court's decision was 9-0.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court says its nine justices agreed in the 13-page decision to take the case and place stays on some of the preliminary injunctions. But several justices wanted to go further — Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a three-page opinion, joined by Justices Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, in which he said the government's request for a stay should have been granted in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree with the Court's implicit conclusion that the Government has made a strong showing that it is likely to succeed on the merits,\" Thomas wrote, \"that is, that the judgments below will be reversed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas criticized the decision to keep the injunctions in place for what he called \"an unidentified, unnamed group of foreign nationals abroad,\" saying it places a burden on officials to determine who has a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person or organization in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Trump's executive order was put on hold by lower court judges in Hawaii and Maryland hours before it was set to take effect. Two federal appeals courts left those nationwide injunctions in place, setting up one final appeal for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House argues that this executive order, like the previous version the president signed in January, is necessary to protect national security. The initial version caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state, prompting the administration to craft a revised version that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits, and it was blocked by lower courts before it ever went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its instructions to the parties in the case, the high court said today that they should answer the question of \"Whether the challenges ... became moot on June 14, 2017\" — referring to the order's timeframe of 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of the federal appeals courts that have considered the revised executive order have ruled against the administration — but for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate judges weren't directly ruling on the merits of the travel ban itself. But in order to decide if the lower court injunctions were appropriate, they had to weigh the probable impact of the order and the likelihood that the legal challenges would succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/25/530051807/4th-circuit-court-ruling-keeps-trumps-travel-ban-on-hold\">The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> looked extensively at whether the travel ban violated the Constitution by discriminating on the basis of religion. The challengers in that case, led by the nonprofit International Refugee Assistance Project, argued that the travel ban is a thinly veiled attempt to block Muslims from entering the country, something Trump and his advisers talked about during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Justice countered that courts should look only at the language of the executive order itself, which does not mention religion explicitly. But that argument did not prevail. Writing for the 10-3 majority, Chief Judge Roger Gregory said the executive order \"speaks with vague words of national security but in context drips with religious intolerance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532620714/another-federal-appeals-court-says-trumps-travel-ban-should-remain-on-hold\">9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> focused on federal law. The court found that the president likely exceeded his statutory authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The order does not offer a sufficient justification to suspend the entry of more than 180 million people on the basis of nationality,\" the 9th Circuit judges wrote. \"National security is not a 'talismanic incantation' that, once invoked, can support any and all exercise of executive power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved quickly to appeal both rulings to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Executive Branch is entrusted with the responsibility to keep the country safe under Article II of the Constitution,\" U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement after the 9th Circuit ruling. Sessions called the threat of terrorism \"immediate and real,\" and said the lower court's injunction \"has a chilling effect on security operations overall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Revives+Parts+Of+Trump%27s+Travel+Ban+As+It+Agrees+To+Hear+Case&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court says it will decide the fate of President Trump's revised travel ban, agreeing to hear arguments over immigration cases that were filed in federal courts in Hawaii and Maryland and allowing parts of the ban that's now been on hold since March to take effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices removed the lower courts' injunctions against the ban \"with respect to foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States,\" narrowing the scope of two injunctions that had put the ban in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump called the Supreme Court's order \"a clear victory for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case centers on the president's move to block new visas for travelers from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days, and to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days. Challengers to the ban said it would harm people who have legitimate reasons to be in the U.S. — including through family ties, work and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will remain on hold for plaintiffs who challenged the executive order and for anyone who is \"similarly situated,\" the justices say — in other words, foreign nationals who have relatives in the U.S., or who plan to attend school or work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533934989/534448044\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees will face similar criteria, with anyone lacking connections in the U.S. denied entry. In its order, the court stated, \"the balance tips in favor of the Government's compelling need to provide for the Nation's security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying the petitions and injunctions \"are accordingly ripe for consideration,\" the Supreme Court said on Monday that the cases will be consolidated. The court's clerk will set a date for the case in the session that begins in October, the justices said, while noting that the Trump administration \"has not requested that we expedite consideration of the merits to a greater extent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that today's move is \"an important step towards restoring the separation of powers between the branches of the federal government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, called the travel ban unconstitutional, saying, \"Courts have repeatedly blocked this indefensible and discriminatory ban. The Supreme Court now has a chance to permanently strike it down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released by the White House, Trump wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"As President, I cannot allow people into our country who want to do us harm. I want people who can love the United States and all of its citizens, and who will be hardworking and productive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My number one responsibility as Commander in Chief is to keep the American people safe. Today's ruling allows me to use an important tool for protecting our Nation's homeland. I am also particularly gratified that the Supreme Court's decision was 9-0.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court says its nine justices agreed in the 13-page decision to take the case and place stays on some of the preliminary injunctions. But several justices wanted to go further — Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a three-page opinion, joined by Justices Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, in which he said the government's request for a stay should have been granted in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree with the Court's implicit conclusion that the Government has made a strong showing that it is likely to succeed on the merits,\" Thomas wrote, \"that is, that the judgments below will be reversed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas criticized the decision to keep the injunctions in place for what he called \"an unidentified, unnamed group of foreign nationals abroad,\" saying it places a burden on officials to determine who has a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person or organization in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Trump's executive order was put on hold by lower court judges in Hawaii and Maryland hours before it was set to take effect. Two federal appeals courts left those nationwide injunctions in place, setting up one final appeal for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House argues that this executive order, like the previous version the president signed in January, is necessary to protect national security. The initial version caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state, prompting the administration to craft a revised version that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits, and it was blocked by lower courts before it ever went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its instructions to the parties in the case, the high court said today that they should answer the question of \"Whether the challenges ... became moot on June 14, 2017\" — referring to the order's timeframe of 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of the federal appeals courts that have considered the revised executive order have ruled against the administration — but for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate judges weren't directly ruling on the merits of the travel ban itself. But in order to decide if the lower court injunctions were appropriate, they had to weigh the probable impact of the order and the likelihood that the legal challenges would succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/25/530051807/4th-circuit-court-ruling-keeps-trumps-travel-ban-on-hold\">The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> looked extensively at whether the travel ban violated the Constitution by discriminating on the basis of religion. The challengers in that case, led by the nonprofit International Refugee Assistance Project, argued that the travel ban is a thinly veiled attempt to block Muslims from entering the country, something Trump and his advisers talked about during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Justice countered that courts should look only at the language of the executive order itself, which does not mention religion explicitly. But that argument did not prevail. Writing for the 10-3 majority, Chief Judge Roger Gregory said the executive order \"speaks with vague words of national security but in context drips with religious intolerance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532620714/another-federal-appeals-court-says-trumps-travel-ban-should-remain-on-hold\">9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> focused on federal law. The court found that the president likely exceeded his statutory authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The order does not offer a sufficient justification to suspend the entry of more than 180 million people on the basis of nationality,\" the 9th Circuit judges wrote. \"National security is not a 'talismanic incantation' that, once invoked, can support any and all exercise of executive power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved quickly to appeal both rulings to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Executive Branch is entrusted with the responsibility to keep the country safe under Article II of the Constitution,\" U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement after the 9th Circuit ruling. Sessions called the threat of terrorism \"immediate and real,\" and said the lower court's injunction \"has a chilling effect on security operations overall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Revives+Parts+Of+Trump%27s+Travel+Ban+As+It+Agrees+To+Hear+Case&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Senate Republicans on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3872487-SenateHCBill\">unveiled their plan\u003c/a> to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act — also known as Obamacare. The long-awaited plan marks a big step toward achieving one of the Republican Party's major goals. (Story continues below chart.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ACACompare]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate proposal is broadly similar to the bill passed by House Republicans last month, with a few notable differences. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who has been criticized for drafting the bill in secret with just a dozen Republican Senate colleagues, says the proposal — which he calls a discussion draft — will stabilize insurance markets, strengthen Medicaid and cut costs to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We agreed on the need to free Americans from Obamacare's mandates. And policies contained in the discussion draft will repeal the individual mandates so Americans are no longer forced to buy insurance they don't need or can't afford,\" McConnell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the bill entices people to voluntarily buy a policy by offering them tax credits based on age and income to help pay premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bill is better designed than the House version, according to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@avik\">Avik Roy\u003c/a>, founder of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity, because it offers more help to older people who can't afford insurance while making coverage cheaper for young healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bill will encourage a lot more of those individuals to buy health insurance,\" Roy says. \"That, in turn, will make the risk pool much healthier, which will also lower premiums. And the tax credits in the bill will also be better-designed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Caroline Pearson, a senior vice president at the consulting firm Avalere Health, says the bill bases its tax credits on lower-quality insurance.\"If you're paying a similar percentage of income, you're getting a less generous product under this new plan,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan keeps some popular parts of Obamacare. It allows parents keep their children on their policies until age 26 and requires insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it then allows states to opt out of that requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The protections around pre-existing conditions are still in place in the Senate bill, but the waiver authority gives states options that could include limiting coverage for people with pre-existing conditions,\" says Pearson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those waivers would allow state to drop benefits \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/what-marketplace-plans-cover/\">required by Obamacare\u003c/a>, such as maternity coverage, mental health care and prescription drug coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would eliminate most of the taxes imposed by the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they would bar people from using tax credits to buy policies that pay for abortion and also block Planned Parenthood from getting any money from Medicaid for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most sweeping move, however, is that the Senate plan follows the House lead in completely changing how the government pays for health care for the poor and the disabled — and goes even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Medicaid pays for all the care people need, and state and federal governments share the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Medicaid has been eating up an ever-larger share of federal spending. The Senate Republicans' plan puts a lid on that by rolling back the Obama-era expansion of the program and then granting states a set amount of money for each person enrolled. Republicans also want to change the way the federal government calculates payments to the states starting in 2025, reducing the federal government's contribution to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Medicaid cuts are even more draconian that the House bill was, though they take effect more gradually than the House bill did,\" Pearson says. \"So we're going to see very significant reductions in coverage in Medicaid and big cuts in federal funding that will result in significant budget gaps for states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Republican senators have already said they oppose the bill, at least as of now. Senate leaders are aiming for a vote before July 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CHART%3A+Who+Wins%2C+Who+Loses+With+Senate+Health+Care+Bill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Senate Republicans are calling their health care bill the Better Care Reconciliation Act. It shares many provisions with the House's American Health Care Act, but goes further in cutting Medicaid.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Senate Republicans on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3872487-SenateHCBill\">unveiled their plan\u003c/a> to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act — also known as Obamacare. The long-awaited plan marks a big step toward achieving one of the Republican Party's major goals. (Story continues below chart.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ACACompare]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate proposal is broadly similar to the bill passed by House Republicans last month, with a few notable differences. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who has been criticized for drafting the bill in secret with just a dozen Republican Senate colleagues, says the proposal — which he calls a discussion draft — will stabilize insurance markets, strengthen Medicaid and cut costs to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We agreed on the need to free Americans from Obamacare's mandates. And policies contained in the discussion draft will repeal the individual mandates so Americans are no longer forced to buy insurance they don't need or can't afford,\" McConnell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the bill entices people to voluntarily buy a policy by offering them tax credits based on age and income to help pay premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bill is better designed than the House version, according to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@avik\">Avik Roy\u003c/a>, founder of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity, because it offers more help to older people who can't afford insurance while making coverage cheaper for young healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bill will encourage a lot more of those individuals to buy health insurance,\" Roy says. \"That, in turn, will make the risk pool much healthier, which will also lower premiums. And the tax credits in the bill will also be better-designed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Caroline Pearson, a senior vice president at the consulting firm Avalere Health, says the bill bases its tax credits on lower-quality insurance.\"If you're paying a similar percentage of income, you're getting a less generous product under this new plan,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan keeps some popular parts of Obamacare. It allows parents keep their children on their policies until age 26 and requires insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it then allows states to opt out of that requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The protections around pre-existing conditions are still in place in the Senate bill, but the waiver authority gives states options that could include limiting coverage for people with pre-existing conditions,\" says Pearson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those waivers would allow state to drop benefits \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/what-marketplace-plans-cover/\">required by Obamacare\u003c/a>, such as maternity coverage, mental health care and prescription drug coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would eliminate most of the taxes imposed by the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they would bar people from using tax credits to buy policies that pay for abortion and also block Planned Parenthood from getting any money from Medicaid for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most sweeping move, however, is that the Senate plan follows the House lead in completely changing how the government pays for health care for the poor and the disabled — and goes even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Medicaid pays for all the care people need, and state and federal governments share the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Medicaid has been eating up an ever-larger share of federal spending. The Senate Republicans' plan puts a lid on that by rolling back the Obama-era expansion of the program and then granting states a set amount of money for each person enrolled. Republicans also want to change the way the federal government calculates payments to the states starting in 2025, reducing the federal government's contribution to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Medicaid cuts are even more draconian that the House bill was, though they take effect more gradually than the House bill did,\" Pearson says. \"So we're going to see very significant reductions in coverage in Medicaid and big cuts in federal funding that will result in significant budget gaps for states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Republican senators have already said they oppose the bill, at least as of now. Senate leaders are aiming for a vote before July 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CHART%3A+Who+Wins%2C+Who+Loses+With+Senate+Health+Care+Bill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/22/senate-republicans-unveil-health-care-overhaul-bill/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Republicans’ health care bill\u003c/a> may already be on life support, with four key lawmakers announcing their opposition just hours after the GOP’s latest effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently, for a variety of reasons, we are not ready to vote for this bill, but we are open to negotiation and obtaining more information before it is brought to the floor,” Sens. Rand Paul, R-Ky.; Ted Cruz, R-Texas; Mike Lee, R-Utah; and Ron Johnson, R-Wis., said in a statement Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Js5fAdImbZVCutUZd0YxgZDWm1KtJNvA”]With Republicans in the Senate holding only a 52-48 seat edge, they can afford only two defections to get to a 50-50 tie, allowing Vice President Pence to then presumably break any logjam. However, the four senators do appear open to negotiations and amendments that could turn their “no” to a “yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are provisions in this draft that represent an improvement to our current healthcare system but it does not appear this draft as written will accomplish the most important promise that we made to Americans: to repeal Obamacare and lower their healthcare costs,” the quartet continued in their statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tea Party-aligned group FreedomWorks also said in s statement that the bill doesn’t live up to promises by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., of a full repeal of the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the Senate bill is an amendment to Obamacare, not a repeal of it,” said FreedomWorks President Adam Brandon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termed the “Better Care Reconciliation Act,” the Senate’s answer to the House’s efforts to repeal and replace the ACA was finally released Thursday morning after weeks of secret negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Danielle Kurtzleben \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/22/533947844/senate-republicans-reveal-long-awaited-affordable-care-act-repeal-bill\">reports\u003c/a>, the BCRA is similar in many ways to the House’s health care alternative, the American Health Care Act, that passed last month. The bill “rolls back the ACA’s Medicaid expansion — making for deep spending cuts to that program, compared with current law. The Senate bill also proposes eliminating many ACA taxes, and the employer penalties associated with the employer and individual mandates would be repealed retroactively, dating to the start of 2016. And as in the House bill, young adults up to the age of 26 could stay on their parents’ health care plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill in its current form may not just alienate conservative voters who think it doesn’t go far enough but also may not assuage moderates enough to get their votes, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dean Heller, R-Nev., who faces a competitive re-election race in 2018, says he has “serious concerns about the bill’s impact on the Nevadans who depend on Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I have consistently stated, if the bill is good for Nevada, I’ll vote for it and if it’s not — I won’t,” Heller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annie Clark, a spokeswoman for Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, said the centrist has some misgivings about the bills as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sen. Collins will carefully review the text of the Senate health care bill this week and into the weekend. She has a number of concerns and will be particularly interested in examining the forthcoming CBO analysis on the impact on insurance coverage, the effect on insurance premiums, and the changes in the Medicaid program,” Clark said. “She has met with and heard the concerns of many Mainers about their health care challenges, and she will continue to do so as she studies the impact of this legislation on Maine and the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Predictably, Democrats were firm in their opposition to the GOP bill. Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., didn’t mince words when she ripped into the bill on the Senate floor earlier Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cuts are blood money. People will die,” Warren said. “Let’s be very clear. Senate Republicans are paying for tax cuts for the wealthy with American lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said that the new Republican bill was “every bit as bad as the House bill” and “even worse” in some ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill will result in higher costs, less care and millions of Americans will lose their health insurance, particularly through Medicaid,” Schumer said. “The way this bill cuts health care is heartless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former President Barack Obama, whose signature legislation is the target of GOP repeal efforts, wrote in a lengthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10154996557026749\">Facebook\u003c/a> post that the Republican plan “is not a health care bill.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s a massive transfer of wealth from middle-class and poor families to the richest people in America. It hands enormous tax cuts to the rich and to the drug and insurance industries, paid for by cutting health care for everybody else. Those with private insurance will experience higher premiums and higher deductibles, with lower tax credits to help working families cover the costs, even as their plans might no longer cover pregnancy, mental health care, or expensive prescriptions. Discrimination based on pre-existing conditions could become the norm again. Millions of families will lose coverage entirely.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/republican-senators-ready-vote-health-care-bill/story?id=48205351\">ABC News\u003c/a> also reported that as the GOP bill was being released Thursday morning there was a “large protest gathered outside McConnell’s office, with people in wheelchairs staging a ‘die-in,’ and protesters chanting that no changes be made to Medicaid. Protesters were physically removed by Capitol Police officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MKhan47/status/877910250560643072\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Sens. Rand Paul, Ted Cruz, Ron Johnson and Mike Lee all say they oppose the bill in its current form, though they're open to negotiating. Republicans can afford to lose only two votes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/22/senate-republicans-unveil-health-care-overhaul-bill/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Republicans’ health care bill\u003c/a> may already be on life support, with four key lawmakers announcing their opposition just hours after the GOP’s latest effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently, for a variety of reasons, we are not ready to vote for this bill, but we are open to negotiation and obtaining more information before it is brought to the floor,” Sens. Rand Paul, R-Ky.; Ted Cruz, R-Texas; Mike Lee, R-Utah; and Ron Johnson, R-Wis., said in a statement Thursday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>With Republicans in the Senate holding only a 52-48 seat edge, they can afford only two defections to get to a 50-50 tie, allowing Vice President Pence to then presumably break any logjam. However, the four senators do appear open to negotiations and amendments that could turn their “no” to a “yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are provisions in this draft that represent an improvement to our current healthcare system but it does not appear this draft as written will accomplish the most important promise that we made to Americans: to repeal Obamacare and lower their healthcare costs,” the quartet continued in their statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tea Party-aligned group FreedomWorks also said in s statement that the bill doesn’t live up to promises by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., of a full repeal of the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the Senate bill is an amendment to Obamacare, not a repeal of it,” said FreedomWorks President Adam Brandon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termed the “Better Care Reconciliation Act,” the Senate’s answer to the House’s efforts to repeal and replace the ACA was finally released Thursday morning after weeks of secret negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Danielle Kurtzleben \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/22/533947844/senate-republicans-reveal-long-awaited-affordable-care-act-repeal-bill\">reports\u003c/a>, the BCRA is similar in many ways to the House’s health care alternative, the American Health Care Act, that passed last month. The bill “rolls back the ACA’s Medicaid expansion — making for deep spending cuts to that program, compared with current law. The Senate bill also proposes eliminating many ACA taxes, and the employer penalties associated with the employer and individual mandates would be repealed retroactively, dating to the start of 2016. And as in the House bill, young adults up to the age of 26 could stay on their parents’ health care plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill in its current form may not just alienate conservative voters who think it doesn’t go far enough but also may not assuage moderates enough to get their votes, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dean Heller, R-Nev., who faces a competitive re-election race in 2018, says he has “serious concerns about the bill’s impact on the Nevadans who depend on Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I have consistently stated, if the bill is good for Nevada, I’ll vote for it and if it’s not — I won’t,” Heller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annie Clark, a spokeswoman for Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, said the centrist has some misgivings about the bills as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sen. Collins will carefully review the text of the Senate health care bill this week and into the weekend. She has a number of concerns and will be particularly interested in examining the forthcoming CBO analysis on the impact on insurance coverage, the effect on insurance premiums, and the changes in the Medicaid program,” Clark said. “She has met with and heard the concerns of many Mainers about their health care challenges, and she will continue to do so as she studies the impact of this legislation on Maine and the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Predictably, Democrats were firm in their opposition to the GOP bill. Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., didn’t mince words when she ripped into the bill on the Senate floor earlier Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cuts are blood money. People will die,” Warren said. “Let’s be very clear. Senate Republicans are paying for tax cuts for the wealthy with American lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said that the new Republican bill was “every bit as bad as the House bill” and “even worse” in some ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill will result in higher costs, less care and millions of Americans will lose their health insurance, particularly through Medicaid,” Schumer said. “The way this bill cuts health care is heartless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former President Barack Obama, whose signature legislation is the target of GOP repeal efforts, wrote in a lengthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10154996557026749\">Facebook\u003c/a> post that the Republican plan “is not a health care bill.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s a massive transfer of wealth from middle-class and poor families to the richest people in America. It hands enormous tax cuts to the rich and to the drug and insurance industries, paid for by cutting health care for everybody else. Those with private insurance will experience higher premiums and higher deductibles, with lower tax credits to help working families cover the costs, even as their plans might no longer cover pregnancy, mental health care, or expensive prescriptions. Discrimination based on pre-existing conditions could become the norm again. Millions of families will lose coverage entirely.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/republican-senators-ready-vote-health-care-bill/story?id=48205351\">ABC News\u003c/a> also reported that as the GOP bill was being released Thursday morning there was a “large protest gathered outside McConnell’s office, with people in wheelchairs staging a ‘die-in,’ and protesters chanting that no changes be made to Medicaid. Protesters were physically removed by Capitol Police officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Senate Republicans Reveal Long-Awaited Affordable Care Act Repeal Bill",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 2:32 p.m. ET Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3872487-SenateHCBill.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their long-awaited health care overhaul proposal\u003c/a> on Thursday. The Senate bill, called the \"Better Care Reconciliation Act,\" would repeal major parts of the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. The broad outlines of it look a lot like the House bill, the American Health Care Act, which was passed in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lot of ways, the Senate's bill looks like the House bill: It rolls back the ACA's Medicaid expansion — making for deep spending cuts to that program, compared to current law. The Senate bill also proposes eliminating many ACA taxes, and the employer penalties associated with the employer and individual mandates would be repealed retroactively, dating back to the start of 2016. And like the House bill, young adults up to the age of 26 could stay on their parents' health care plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Levitt, a health policy expert at the Kaiser Family Foundation, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/larry_levitt/status/877910700315729920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summed up his thoughts on the bill\u003c/a> on Twitter on Thursday: \"In broad strokes, the Senate bill is just like the House: Big tax cuts, big cut in federal heath spending, big increase in the uninsured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the House bill, the Senate proposal also allows insurance companies to charge older people five times more than younger people — under the ACA, that ratio is 3 to 1. That's just one provision that could hit older Americans hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small group of Republican senators has written the bill in secret in recent weeks, with many Americans and even some fellow Republicans eagerly awaiting details about what's in the bill. After the bill was released on Thursday, protesters gathered outside Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's office. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NBCNightlyNews/status/877915310526939136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Video from NBC\u003c/a> showed police removing some of those protesters from the hallway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NBCNightlyNews/status/877915310526939136\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Big Changes to Medicaid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some of the biggest changes this bill makes are to Medicaid, the entitlement program that provides health care to low-income Americans. In that sense, it looks like the House bill, which the CBO said would cut Medicaid by $834 billion over a decade (relative to current law), with a loss of 14 million beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills roll back a Medicaid expansion undertaken under the Affordable Care Act. That law extended the program to some low-income Americans above the poverty level. The Senate proposal would roll back that expansion, though it would do so more slowly than the House bill proposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the House, the Senate also proposes giving states either a per capita cap on Medicaid spending or a block grant of funds. That's a fundamental change; currently the program is \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/newsletters/headlines-in-health-policy/2017/jan/january-23-2017/medicaid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">open-ended\u003c/a>,\" meaning funding increases as need increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's another change on top of that. Those caps would vary based on the rate of inflation, and the inflation rate the Senate would attach to those caps is one that is lower than the inflation rate the House attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might sound like a minor wonky change, but it's not, says one former Medicaid administrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a big deal. It's a big shift,\" said John Corlett, president of the Center for Community Solutions who also served as a director of Ohio's Medicaid program. \"It means billions of dollars less in federal aid to states for their Medicaid programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tax Cuts for Richer Americans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Senate bill is also much like the House bill in that it would repeal most of the taxes associated with Obamacare. (It would bump out the implementation of the so-called \"Cadillac Tax\" on expensive, employer-sponsored health care plans, from 2025 to 2026.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repealing those taxes, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/new-cbo-ahca-score-confirms-what-we-already-knew\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tax Policy Center reported\u003c/a> in May (regarding the AHCA), would overwhelmingly benefit higher-income Americans. The taxes in Obamacare were largely progressive, as Kyle Pomerleau of the right-leaning Tax Foundation told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To one health policy expert, those tax cuts, combined with the cuts to Medicaid, mean the bill isn't a health care overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a tax cut bill, and they had to find a way to finance it, and Medicaid beneficiaries are going to be the ones who hurt,\" said Nicholas Bagley, a University of Michigan Law School professor who specializes in health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few other ways the Senate bill mirrors the House bill. It bans the use of any federal funds for any health care plan that covers abortion, except in the cases of rape, incest or where the pregnancy puts the mother's life in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2020, the bill also eliminates cost-sharing subsidies that help low-income Americans pay for their insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also has some key differences from the House bill. For example, it cuts the upper-income limit that determines who gets premium tax credits. Currently, that upper limit is at 400 percent of the poverty level. This bill would limit that to 350 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate's proposal allows states substantial freedom in determining their own health care programs — even more freedom than the House bill allows for. Under the Affordable Care Act, states can apply for \"innovation waivers\" exempting them from parts of the law and allowing them to determine their own health care systems, to an extent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are strict rules in place stating that states getting those waivers must provide coverage that is \"at least as comprehensive\" as they would be otherwise, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Programs-and-Initiatives/State-Innovation-Waivers/Section_1332_State_Innovation_Waivers-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\u003c/a> explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate proposal greatly widens that loophole, saying that states can get those waivers, provided their alternate plans simply don't grow the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3872487-SenateHCBill\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Republicans+Reveal+Long-Awaited+Affordable+Care+Act+Repeal+Bill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 2:32 p.m. ET Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3872487-SenateHCBill.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their long-awaited health care overhaul proposal\u003c/a> on Thursday. The Senate bill, called the \"Better Care Reconciliation Act,\" would repeal major parts of the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. The broad outlines of it look a lot like the House bill, the American Health Care Act, which was passed in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lot of ways, the Senate's bill looks like the House bill: It rolls back the ACA's Medicaid expansion — making for deep spending cuts to that program, compared to current law. The Senate bill also proposes eliminating many ACA taxes, and the employer penalties associated with the employer and individual mandates would be repealed retroactively, dating back to the start of 2016. And like the House bill, young adults up to the age of 26 could stay on their parents' health care plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Levitt, a health policy expert at the Kaiser Family Foundation, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/larry_levitt/status/877910700315729920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summed up his thoughts on the bill\u003c/a> on Twitter on Thursday: \"In broad strokes, the Senate bill is just like the House: Big tax cuts, big cut in federal heath spending, big increase in the uninsured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the House bill, the Senate proposal also allows insurance companies to charge older people five times more than younger people — under the ACA, that ratio is 3 to 1. That's just one provision that could hit older Americans hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>Big Changes to Medicaid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some of the biggest changes this bill makes are to Medicaid, the entitlement program that provides health care to low-income Americans. In that sense, it looks like the House bill, which the CBO said would cut Medicaid by $834 billion over a decade (relative to current law), with a loss of 14 million beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills roll back a Medicaid expansion undertaken under the Affordable Care Act. That law extended the program to some low-income Americans above the poverty level. The Senate proposal would roll back that expansion, though it would do so more slowly than the House bill proposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the House, the Senate also proposes giving states either a per capita cap on Medicaid spending or a block grant of funds. That's a fundamental change; currently the program is \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/newsletters/headlines-in-health-policy/2017/jan/january-23-2017/medicaid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">open-ended\u003c/a>,\" meaning funding increases as need increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's another change on top of that. Those caps would vary based on the rate of inflation, and the inflation rate the Senate would attach to those caps is one that is lower than the inflation rate the House attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might sound like a minor wonky change, but it's not, says one former Medicaid administrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a big deal. It's a big shift,\" said John Corlett, president of the Center for Community Solutions who also served as a director of Ohio's Medicaid program. \"It means billions of dollars less in federal aid to states for their Medicaid programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tax Cuts for Richer Americans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Senate bill is also much like the House bill in that it would repeal most of the taxes associated with Obamacare. (It would bump out the implementation of the so-called \"Cadillac Tax\" on expensive, employer-sponsored health care plans, from 2025 to 2026.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repealing those taxes, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/new-cbo-ahca-score-confirms-what-we-already-knew\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tax Policy Center reported\u003c/a> in May (regarding the AHCA), would overwhelmingly benefit higher-income Americans. The taxes in Obamacare were largely progressive, as Kyle Pomerleau of the right-leaning Tax Foundation told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To one health policy expert, those tax cuts, combined with the cuts to Medicaid, mean the bill isn't a health care overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a tax cut bill, and they had to find a way to finance it, and Medicaid beneficiaries are going to be the ones who hurt,\" said Nicholas Bagley, a University of Michigan Law School professor who specializes in health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few other ways the Senate bill mirrors the House bill. It bans the use of any federal funds for any health care plan that covers abortion, except in the cases of rape, incest or where the pregnancy puts the mother's life in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2020, the bill also eliminates cost-sharing subsidies that help low-income Americans pay for their insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also has some key differences from the House bill. For example, it cuts the upper-income limit that determines who gets premium tax credits. Currently, that upper limit is at 400 percent of the poverty level. This bill would limit that to 350 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate's proposal allows states substantial freedom in determining their own health care programs — even more freedom than the House bill allows for. Under the Affordable Care Act, states can apply for \"innovation waivers\" exempting them from parts of the law and allowing them to determine their own health care systems, to an extent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are strict rules in place stating that states getting those waivers must provide coverage that is \"at least as comprehensive\" as they would be otherwise, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Programs-and-Initiatives/State-Innovation-Waivers/Section_1332_State_Innovation_Waivers-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\u003c/a> explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate proposal greatly widens that loophole, saying that states can get those waivers, provided their alternate plans simply don't grow the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/877932956458795008?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F06%2F22%2F533965746%2Ftrump-i-did-not-make-and-do-not-have-recordings-of-comey\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 1:59 p.m. ET\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump gave a straight answer on Thursday as to whether he has recordings of his private conversations with fired FBI Director James Comey — No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/863007411132649473\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of the existence of tapes arose on May 12, when shortly after firing Comey, Trump tweeted the former FBI Director \"better hope there are no 'tapes' of our conversations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tweet appeared to come in response to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/us/politics/trump-comey-firing.html\" target=\"_blank\">a New York Times article\u003c/a> that said during a private dinner at the White House, Trump asked Comey for \"loyalty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/watch-live-comey-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comey testified to the Senate Intelligence Committee\u003c/a> that he told the president he would be \"honestly loyal\" and that the conversation made him \"uneasy.\" He also said he orchestrated a leak of information from memos he wrote about his recollection from private conversations with the president to trigger the naming of a special counsel, which did follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point during his Senate testimony on June 8, Comey memorably said, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/comey-to-feinstein-lordy-i-hope-there-are-tapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"Lordy, I hope there are tapes.\"\u003c/a> He added, \"The president surely knows whether he taped me, and if he did, my feelings aren't hurt. Release the entire — release all the tapes, I'm good with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks since that May 12 tweet, Trump and his aides kept the mystery alive, refusing to say whether such recordings actually existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was pressed on it by ABC News Correspondent Jonathan Karl during a press conference on June 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Q: And you seem to be hinting that there are recordings of those conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: I'm not hinting anything. I'll tell you about it over a very short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: When is that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Okay. Do you have a question here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: When will you tell us about the recordings?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Over a fairly short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: Why not now? Are there tapes --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Oh, you're going to be very disappointed when you hear the answer. Don't worry.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"I think the president's statement via Twitter today is extremely clear,\" said White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders when pressed by reporters on why the president waited 41 days to clear up whether he had any recordings of Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You guys asked for an answer. He gave you one. He said he would have it to you by the end of this week, which he did. And beyond timing of that, I can't really speak anything further,\" Sanders added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Intelligence Committee requested any tapes that might exist be turned over by the White House by Friday, so the president was up against a deadline to deliver an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's statement on Twitter went out just two hours after Senate Republicans \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/22/senate-republicans-reveal-obamacare-repeal-bill/\">released a nearly 150-page bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, or Obamacare, and reshape America's health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After it was leaked that Trump allegedly asked former FBI Director James Comey for loyalty during a private dinner, Trump suggested there may have been 'tapes' of their conversations.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tweet appeared to come in response to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/us/politics/trump-comey-firing.html\" target=\"_blank\">a New York Times article\u003c/a> that said during a private dinner at the White House, Trump asked Comey for \"loyalty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/watch-live-comey-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comey testified to the Senate Intelligence Committee\u003c/a> that he told the president he would be \"honestly loyal\" and that the conversation made him \"uneasy.\" He also said he orchestrated a leak of information from memos he wrote about his recollection from private conversations with the president to trigger the naming of a special counsel, which did follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point during his Senate testimony on June 8, Comey memorably said, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/comey-to-feinstein-lordy-i-hope-there-are-tapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"Lordy, I hope there are tapes.\"\u003c/a> He added, \"The president surely knows whether he taped me, and if he did, my feelings aren't hurt. Release the entire — release all the tapes, I'm good with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks since that May 12 tweet, Trump and his aides kept the mystery alive, refusing to say whether such recordings actually existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was pressed on it by ABC News Correspondent Jonathan Karl during a press conference on June 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Q: And you seem to be hinting that there are recordings of those conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: I'm not hinting anything. I'll tell you about it over a very short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: When is that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Okay. Do you have a question here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: When will you tell us about the recordings?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Over a fairly short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Q: Why not now? Are there tapes --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRUMP: Oh, you're going to be very disappointed when you hear the answer. Don't worry.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"I think the president's statement via Twitter today is extremely clear,\" said White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders when pressed by reporters on why the president waited 41 days to clear up whether he had any recordings of Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You guys asked for an answer. He gave you one. He said he would have it to you by the end of this week, which he did. And beyond timing of that, I can't really speak anything further,\" Sanders added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Intelligence Committee requested any tapes that might exist be turned over by the White House by Friday, so the president was up against a deadline to deliver an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's statement on Twitter went out just two hours after Senate Republicans \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/22/senate-republicans-reveal-obamacare-repeal-bill/\">released a nearly 150-page bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, or Obamacare, and reshape America's health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "This Art Group Installs Pick-Your-Own-Fruit Parks Around Los Angeles",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/StoneviewBHP/\">Stoneview Nature Center\u003c/a> is a lovely new five-acre public park in Los Angeles with seven different types of orange trees, avocados, figs, grapes, lemons, blackberries, lemonade berries and blueberries galore. An open path snakes around the manicured space. There's a birdhouse for quails to lay their eggs, a hotel for native bees to drop in, a hand-drawn maze on asphalt for the kids and picnic tables for the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruit is completely free to the public, though many of the trees are still in their infant stages and have yet to bear much fruit. Time, though, will do the trick. In a couple of years, the park will be teeming with produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an urban sanctuary,\" says Shawna Joplin, the park's superintendent. \"It's passive recreation. You can come here to do some birdwatching and take fruit home with you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruit trees were installed by David Burns and Austin Young, Los Angeles-based artists who operate under the name \u003ca href=\"http://fallenfruit.org/\">Fallen Fruit\u003c/a>. Since 2004, they've been mapping and installing fruit trees around the Los Angeles area and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Fb8q3hHN0pRgKm5qh0B556N2TVzxLh33\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were interested in how Los Angeles is a driving city, and we felt really disconnected from our neighborhood and community and thought that a map [of fruit trees] would help people meet their neighbors,\" Young says. He hoped the map would inspire people to immerse themselves in their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon, they began to plant actual trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, they opened their first fruit park in California in El Segundo, which was commissioned by the Los Angeles County Department of Cultural Affairs. Since then, they've been hired to plant their projects around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Burns and Young installed an orange orchard in the Los Angeles Historic Park. Quotes submitted by members of the local community wrapped around the planters, with messages like \"Sharing is essential with new friends.\" The duo is also working on creating an \u003ca href=\"http://fallenfruit.org/urban-fruit-trails-park-to-playa\">urban fruit trailhead\u003c/a> on a 13-mile trail network called Park to Playa; it will be Los Angeles County's first regional trail that will connect urban residents to the natural coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Stoneview Nature Center, which opened in April, the pair prioritized fruits that have played a role in California history, arranging them in the colors of the rainbow. There, you'll find pomegranates (red), next to oranges, then lemons (yellow), avocados (green), berries (blue and indigo), and finally, grapes (violet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11522274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/5-planting-fruit-trees-with-youth-at-ann-street-elementary-dtla-urban-fruit-trail-photo-by-fallen-fruit-_custom-05772e34253244a5f807aee02c457b92fd6f89ad-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Students from Ann Street Elementary in Los Angeles plant fruit trees for their neighbors and passersby to share.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11522274\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Ann Street Elementary in Los Angeles plant fruit trees for their neighbors and passersby to share. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Fallen Fruit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Every park site is different,\" Burns says. \"We also pay attention to a quantity that supports the neighborhood and the space, and also the ripening and blossoming schedule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quantity is astonishing: The parks that Burns and Young have worked on typically hold around 20 to 50 trees. A tree takes two to four years to mature. Once it does, each tree can produce 300-500 pounds of fruit each year during its lifespan of up to 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's more than just feeding people and thinking of gardening,\" Burns says, explaining the thinking behind their fruit tree selections. \"We're also thinking of historic and cultural meaning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says they plant Hass avocado trees because the Hass was the first fruit \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaavocado.com/blog/avocado-hass-vs-haas-which-is-it\">patented\u003c/a> in California. And the lemon trees in the Stoneview Nature Center's lovely rainbow-colored grove hark back to a time in the early 20th century when Mexican-American children were forced to attend segregated schools that were essentially feeder schools to the lemon industry, which used the children as laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2017, Burns and Young launched a digital project called \u003ca href=\"http://endlessorchard.com/\">Endless Orchard\u003c/a> -- an online database of public fruit trees across the United States. \"We invite everyone to share their fruit, to plant fruit trees in front of their house and map it,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11522283\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Austin Young and David Burns are co-founders of the artist collective Fallen Fruit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11522283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Austin Young and David Burns are co-founders of the artist collective Fallen Fruit. \u003ccite>(Jim Newberry/Courtesy of Fallen Fruit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it comes to Los Angeles, the fruit map provides revealing perspective on the city's demographics. For instance, Young and Burns have noticed that in Historic Filipinotown, there's a high concentration of persimmons, a fruit popular in that culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Places with a strong Middle Eastern influence tend to have a lot of fig trees, and there's lots of pomegranates south of Melrose -- perhaps that's because of the Armenian culture there,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map is also reflective of Angeleno history. Remnants of the old orange and lemon groves of the San Fernando Valley are apparent today. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see still the original grid of some of these orchards,\" Burn says. \"So many neighborhoods [in Los Angeles have] grown around these old orange groves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that lies at the heart of their mission: to use fruit as a medium to get people physically connected with their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think of it as social sculpture,\" Young says. \"It's an artwork that in a real way changes people's relationship to space.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Art+Group+Installs+Pick-Your-Own-Fruit+Parks+Around+Los+Angeles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/StoneviewBHP/\">Stoneview Nature Center\u003c/a> is a lovely new five-acre public park in Los Angeles with seven different types of orange trees, avocados, figs, grapes, lemons, blackberries, lemonade berries and blueberries galore. An open path snakes around the manicured space. There's a birdhouse for quails to lay their eggs, a hotel for native bees to drop in, a hand-drawn maze on asphalt for the kids and picnic tables for the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruit is completely free to the public, though many of the trees are still in their infant stages and have yet to bear much fruit. Time, though, will do the trick. In a couple of years, the park will be teeming with produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an urban sanctuary,\" says Shawna Joplin, the park's superintendent. \"It's passive recreation. You can come here to do some birdwatching and take fruit home with you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruit trees were installed by David Burns and Austin Young, Los Angeles-based artists who operate under the name \u003ca href=\"http://fallenfruit.org/\">Fallen Fruit\u003c/a>. Since 2004, they've been mapping and installing fruit trees around the Los Angeles area and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were interested in how Los Angeles is a driving city, and we felt really disconnected from our neighborhood and community and thought that a map [of fruit trees] would help people meet their neighbors,\" Young says. He hoped the map would inspire people to immerse themselves in their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon, they began to plant actual trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, they opened their first fruit park in California in El Segundo, which was commissioned by the Los Angeles County Department of Cultural Affairs. Since then, they've been hired to plant their projects around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Burns and Young installed an orange orchard in the Los Angeles Historic Park. Quotes submitted by members of the local community wrapped around the planters, with messages like \"Sharing is essential with new friends.\" The duo is also working on creating an \u003ca href=\"http://fallenfruit.org/urban-fruit-trails-park-to-playa\">urban fruit trailhead\u003c/a> on a 13-mile trail network called Park to Playa; it will be Los Angeles County's first regional trail that will connect urban residents to the natural coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Stoneview Nature Center, which opened in April, the pair prioritized fruits that have played a role in California history, arranging them in the colors of the rainbow. There, you'll find pomegranates (red), next to oranges, then lemons (yellow), avocados (green), berries (blue and indigo), and finally, grapes (violet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11522274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/5-planting-fruit-trees-with-youth-at-ann-street-elementary-dtla-urban-fruit-trail-photo-by-fallen-fruit-_custom-05772e34253244a5f807aee02c457b92fd6f89ad-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Students from Ann Street Elementary in Los Angeles plant fruit trees for their neighbors and passersby to share.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11522274\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students from Ann Street Elementary in Los Angeles plant fruit trees for their neighbors and passersby to share. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Fallen Fruit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Every park site is different,\" Burns says. \"We also pay attention to a quantity that supports the neighborhood and the space, and also the ripening and blossoming schedule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quantity is astonishing: The parks that Burns and Young have worked on typically hold around 20 to 50 trees. A tree takes two to four years to mature. Once it does, each tree can produce 300-500 pounds of fruit each year during its lifespan of up to 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's more than just feeding people and thinking of gardening,\" Burns says, explaining the thinking behind their fruit tree selections. \"We're also thinking of historic and cultural meaning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he says they plant Hass avocado trees because the Hass was the first fruit \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaavocado.com/blog/avocado-hass-vs-haas-which-is-it\">patented\u003c/a> in California. And the lemon trees in the Stoneview Nature Center's lovely rainbow-colored grove hark back to a time in the early 20th century when Mexican-American children were forced to attend segregated schools that were essentially feeder schools to the lemon industry, which used the children as laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2017, Burns and Young launched a digital project called \u003ca href=\"http://endlessorchard.com/\">Endless Orchard\u003c/a> -- an online database of public fruit trees across the United States. \"We invite everyone to share their fruit, to plant fruit trees in front of their house and map it,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11522283\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Austin Young and David Burns are co-founders of the artist collective Fallen Fruit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11522283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Screen-Shot-2017-06-19-at-5.38.25-PM-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Austin Young and David Burns are co-founders of the artist collective Fallen Fruit. \u003ccite>(Jim Newberry/Courtesy of Fallen Fruit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it comes to Los Angeles, the fruit map provides revealing perspective on the city's demographics. For instance, Young and Burns have noticed that in Historic Filipinotown, there's a high concentration of persimmons, a fruit popular in that culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Places with a strong Middle Eastern influence tend to have a lot of fig trees, and there's lots of pomegranates south of Melrose -- perhaps that's because of the Armenian culture there,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map is also reflective of Angeleno history. Remnants of the old orange and lemon groves of the San Fernando Valley are apparent today. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see still the original grid of some of these orchards,\" Burn says. \"So many neighborhoods [in Los Angeles have] grown around these old orange groves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that lies at the heart of their mission: to use fruit as a medium to get people physically connected with their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think of it as social sculpture,\" Young says. \"It's an artwork that in a real way changes people's relationship to space.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Art+Group+Installs+Pick-Your-Own-Fruit+Parks+Around+Los+Angeles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For Some Students, Getting an Education Means Crossing the Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>The land border crossing between Tijuana and San Ysidro is one of the busiest in the world. Every day 25,000 people cross the border on foot. Among the crowd are students whose families live in Tijuana. Each morning their families commute many hours to bring the children to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and his mom, Maria, wake up at 5:30 a.m. each day to make the trek from their home in Tijuana to Juan's high school in San Ysidro. Some mornings, crossing the border can take up to an hour and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been kind of, it's been a lot,\" Juan says. \"Every day crossing it's like, the time management, it's finishing homework on time. It's a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juan's mom says it's worth the sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has more of a future here in the United States,\" Maria says. \"The school is much better here than in Tijuana. It's a lot of work. A lot for him and for me. We wake up very early, wait in line, but it's worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and Maria asked not to be identified by their last name because families caught living outside the district can be fined the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers in San Ysidro say as many as 1,000 students cross the border every morning to go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11520720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderstudents_001a_custom-487e7833873fc1e0e649bc53281d00355e08e1c0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11520720\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Levinson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 5:30 a.m. on a typical day at the border crossing, a steady stream of cars continues to pull up to the Mexico side of the border and drop off kids. They all make their way through the fence and up the ramp to cross the border into the U.S. to go to school. The kids are of all ages. High school students come in groups of three, four and five, and younger kids walk with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the border, some students get on the bus, and others take off on skateboards and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the younger children will walk just a few blocks to Willow Elementary School where Nancy Alvarado has taught 5th grade since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many cases, those are the kids who are here every day with their little backpacks on, their hair done, their breakfast eaten, and they get up at the crack of dawn,\" Alvarado says. \"Any parent who makes that sacrifice obviously wants their children in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado says there are two primary reasons families move to Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mozjCntZO3vRfhKPzzD0wHnFOgIheq0J\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is the cost of living in southern California. The San Ysidro School District has a staggering 33 percent student homelessness rate, the highest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, if parents of kids who are U.S. citizens find themselves forcibly removed from the U.S., many parents still want their children to have a U.S. education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have kids arrive mid-year because someone got deported, and that's every year,\" Alvarado says. \"We have kids who arrive in, like, April.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they ask the students questions like, \" 'Where were you before? Bakersfield. And what brings you here? Ah, my dad was deported.' That's every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of Alvarado's 30 students are Hispanic and many commute from Mexico. She says she can see that her students are visibly stressed by having to cross the border every day, especially now with the heightened rhetoric about illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They hear the rhetoric of 'build the wall' and imagine the Berlin Wall,\" Alvarado says. \"My kids are very aware of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533118558/533327622\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school budgets are determined by attendance and funded through property taxes. In order to enroll, families must prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one from the school district responded to a request for comment on whether families or kids traveling daily from Tijuana were skirting the rules. But Jason Wells, the executive director of the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce says the community has faith in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a community we trust in our school district and what they do as far as their handling of residency confirmation,\" Wells says. \"I wouldn't say that the community sees children coming from Mexico as a tax burden. This community is very supportive of people regardless of their immigration status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Maria registered Juan for school last year, the two still lived in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We lived here in San Diego, but here the rent is very expensive,\" she says. \"So, I decided to go to Tijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3CI1FiF104s2AbDuX8p4RO0SUKuRLpUz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before next school year, they will have to find another way to prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared. Next year, they'll ask for a lot of papers,\" Maria says. \"I'll ask for an address from one of my family members. I'll ask for a favor and maybe he'll stay here with them. It will be harder for me because we're used to being together, but, well, he has to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado is quick to point out that most of the families who cross the border would likely be homeless if they stayed in San Ysidro, and wouldn't be paying property taxes anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those kids are American citizens,\" she says. \"They have a right to live here. That they don't live here now doesn't mean they won't live here someday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that being the case, she says it's in the community's and the country's best interest to see that these students get an education. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=For+Some+Students%2C+Getting+An+Education+Means+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hundreds of kids are U.S. citizens, but live in Mexico. Every day they walk across the border to go to school in California.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The land border crossing between Tijuana and San Ysidro is one of the busiest in the world. Every day 25,000 people cross the border on foot. Among the crowd are students whose families live in Tijuana. Each morning their families commute many hours to bring the children to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and his mom, Maria, wake up at 5:30 a.m. each day to make the trek from their home in Tijuana to Juan's high school in San Ysidro. Some mornings, crossing the border can take up to an hour and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been kind of, it's been a lot,\" Juan says. \"Every day crossing it's like, the time management, it's finishing homework on time. It's a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juan's mom says it's worth the sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has more of a future here in the United States,\" Maria says. \"The school is much better here than in Tijuana. It's a lot of work. A lot for him and for me. We wake up very early, wait in line, but it's worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and Maria asked not to be identified by their last name because families caught living outside the district can be fined the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers in San Ysidro say as many as 1,000 students cross the border every morning to go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11520720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderstudents_001a_custom-487e7833873fc1e0e649bc53281d00355e08e1c0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11520720\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Levinson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 5:30 a.m. on a typical day at the border crossing, a steady stream of cars continues to pull up to the Mexico side of the border and drop off kids. They all make their way through the fence and up the ramp to cross the border into the U.S. to go to school. The kids are of all ages. High school students come in groups of three, four and five, and younger kids walk with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the border, some students get on the bus, and others take off on skateboards and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the younger children will walk just a few blocks to Willow Elementary School where Nancy Alvarado has taught 5th grade since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many cases, those are the kids who are here every day with their little backpacks on, their hair done, their breakfast eaten, and they get up at the crack of dawn,\" Alvarado says. \"Any parent who makes that sacrifice obviously wants their children in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado says there are two primary reasons families move to Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is the cost of living in southern California. The San Ysidro School District has a staggering 33 percent student homelessness rate, the highest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, if parents of kids who are U.S. citizens find themselves forcibly removed from the U.S., many parents still want their children to have a U.S. education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have kids arrive mid-year because someone got deported, and that's every year,\" Alvarado says. \"We have kids who arrive in, like, April.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they ask the students questions like, \" 'Where were you before? Bakersfield. And what brings you here? Ah, my dad was deported.' That's every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of Alvarado's 30 students are Hispanic and many commute from Mexico. She says she can see that her students are visibly stressed by having to cross the border every day, especially now with the heightened rhetoric about illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They hear the rhetoric of 'build the wall' and imagine the Berlin Wall,\" Alvarado says. \"My kids are very aware of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533118558/533327622\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school budgets are determined by attendance and funded through property taxes. In order to enroll, families must prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one from the school district responded to a request for comment on whether families or kids traveling daily from Tijuana were skirting the rules. But Jason Wells, the executive director of the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce says the community has faith in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a community we trust in our school district and what they do as far as their handling of residency confirmation,\" Wells says. \"I wouldn't say that the community sees children coming from Mexico as a tax burden. This community is very supportive of people regardless of their immigration status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Maria registered Juan for school last year, the two still lived in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We lived here in San Diego, but here the rent is very expensive,\" she says. \"So, I decided to go to Tijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before next school year, they will have to find another way to prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared. Next year, they'll ask for a lot of papers,\" Maria says. \"I'll ask for an address from one of my family members. I'll ask for a favor and maybe he'll stay here with them. It will be harder for me because we're used to being together, but, well, he has to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado is quick to point out that most of the families who cross the border would likely be homeless if they stayed in San Ysidro, and wouldn't be paying property taxes anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those kids are American citizens,\" she says. \"They have a right to live here. That they don't live here now doesn't mean they won't live here someday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that being the case, she says it's in the community's and the country's best interest to see that these students get an education. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=For+Some+Students%2C+Getting+An+Education+Means+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Conflates 'Phony Collusion' and Possible Obstruction of Justice Investigation",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 9:55 a.m. ET on June 15\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump dismissed a potential obstruction of justice investigation into his conduct, calling allegations of collusion between him, his campaign or people associated with him and Russia a “phony story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/875305788708974592\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s possible to obstruct justice without colluding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was responding to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/special-counsel-is-investigating-trump-for-possible-obstruction-of-justice/2017/06/14/9ce02506-5131-11e7-b064-828ba60fbb98_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar&tid=a_breakingnews&utm_term=.db67d5d0b0b9\">Washington Post\u003c/a> report that special counsel Robert Mueller, who is overseeing the Department of Justice Russia investigation, is looking into whether Trump attempted to obstruct justice. An hour later, Trump was back at it, calling the investigation the “single greatest WITCH HUNT in American political history.” (People who followed McCarthyism closely might disagree.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/875321478849363968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president also appeared to undermine Mueller’s leadership, saying the “witch hunt” was being “led by some very bad and conflicted people!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been an effort on the right to try to undermine Mueller to de-legitimize his potential findings …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/newtgingrich/status/875314161345077248\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/newtgingrich/status/875314527583260672\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… even though some of the same people just a month earlier had been praising the former FBI director for his esteem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/newtgingrich/status/864998445244743684\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Mueller looking into potential obstruction comes after former FBI Director James Comey testified last week. He said he didn’t know if Trump obstructed justice, but said it was for Mueller to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey testified that he told the president he was not personally under investigation three times and confirmed that Trump was not under investigation at the time of his firing on May 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, “Officials say that changed shortly after Comey’s firing,” the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It stands to reason that the circumstances surrounding Comey’s firing would now be at the center of Mueller’s query. That’s particularly the case since other high-ranking administration officials have declined under oath in open testimony to provide more details about whether Trump asked them in any way to influence Comey or the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, National Security Agency Director Adm. Mike Rogers and Rogers’ former deputy, Richard Ledgett, agreed to be interviewed as part of Mueller’s investigation, according to five people “briefed on the requests” who were “not authorized to discuss the matter publicly,” the paper reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officially, Mueller spokesman Peter Carr told NPR’s Carrie Johnson, “We’ll decline to comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NSA spokeswoman Vanee Vines told NPR’s Phil Ewing, “NSA will fully cooperate with the special counsel. We are not in a position to comment further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Trump’s personal lawyer in the Russia matter, Marc Kasowitz, said, “The FBI leak of information regarding the president is outrageous, inexcusable and illegal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dZ5hkz8sRYhFsYhCEFfq4GQ2Wu3es6K6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey’s firing is a “central moment that’s being looked at” in the investigation, \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> reporter Devlin Barrett told NPR’s Ari Shapiro on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, “but it’s not the only thing.” Investigators are also considering the conversations Comey and the president had leading up to that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony on June 8, Comey told the Senate Intelligence Committee that he believed Trump had fired him over his role as lead of the FBI investigation into Russian interference in the U.S. election and Trump campaign associates’ possible ties to Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has been inconsistent with its public messaging about the dismissal — initially saying Trump took the recommendations of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein about Comey’s management of the FBI and his handling of the Clinton email investigation. But then the president himself said he had made up his mind prior to receiving the recommendations from the two top lawyers at the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey testified that initial explanations that he was fired because of poor leadership were “lies, plain and simple.” He also said Trump had privately urged him to pull back on the investigation into former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/18/528989289/president-trump-holds-press-conference-with-colombias-president-before-overseas\">a claim that the president has denied\u003c/a>. Comey said he declined to tell agents working on the case about his conversation with Trump to shield them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/22/529586885/report-trump-asked-intel-heads-to-push-back-on-fbi-russia-probe\">The Washington Post previously reported\u003c/a> that Trump also asked Rogers and Coats to push back against the FBI’s investigation. The intelligence chiefs \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/07/531851337/intelligence-chiefs-wont-discuss-private-conversations-with-trump-in-open-hearin\">declined to discuss\u003c/a> their private conversations with Trump during a Senate panel hearing on June 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether Trump’s actions rose to the level of obstruction of justice, Comey testified last week: “I don’t know. That’s Bob Mueller’s job to sort that out.” But Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/10/532321287/is-trump-guilty-of-obstruction-of-justice-comey-laid-out-the-case\">did lay out facts that a prosecutor could use \u003c/a>to try to prove obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and his supporters cast Comey’s testimony that he had told the president he was not personally under investigation as vindication. Trump disputed, though, Comey’s assertion he had asked for a pledge of loyalty. After Comey’s much-watched Senate testimony, the president said in a press conference that he would testify \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/09/532273772/trump-says-he-is-100-percent-willing-to-testify-about-interactions-with-comey\">under oath\u003c/a> regarding his interactions and conversations with the former FBI director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, frankly, our story shows that the president is by no means out of the woods as far as the investigation goes,” the \u003cem>Post’s\u003c/em> Barrett told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatter surfaced earlier this week that the president was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/13/532763717/trump-considering-firing-special-counsel-just-another-example-of-stirring-the-po\">considering firing Mueller\u003c/a>. After a day of speculation, White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders said, “While the president has the right to, he has no intention to do so.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/us/politics/robert-mueller-special-counsel-trump.html\">The New York Times reported\u003c/a> that Trump had been waved off the idea by advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe\">who appointed Mueller\u003c/a> on May 17, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/13/532756387/rosenstein-says-he-wouldnt-fire-special-counsel-without-good-cause\">testified on Tuesday\u003c/a> that he would not fire the special counsel without “good cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is not the only one under scrutiny, Barrett said: Investigators are also looking into the finances of Trump associates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes what happens, frankly, in counterintelligence investigations is you start looking at sort of a core intelligence question — What did the Russians do and did they do it with any Americans? — and it grows into: What did any of those Americans do in their financial matters that may also raise alarms with the FBI?” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller’s investigative team has expanded in recent weeks. \u003cem>The National Law Journal\u003c/em> reported on June 9 that Mueller has brought Deputy Solicitor General Michael Dreeben onto the team on a part-time basis. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationallawjournal.com/id=1202789177543/Mueller-Enlists-Top-Criminal-Law-Expert-for-Russia-Probe?et=editorial&bu=National%20Law%20Journal&cn=20170609&src=EMC-Email&pt=Daily%20Headlines&slreturn=20170509104942\">Reporter Tony Mauro noted\u003c/a> the addition of Dreeben may signal that “Mueller may be seeking advice on complex areas of criminal law, including what constitutes obstruction of justice.” At the end of May, the chief of the Justice Department’s Fraud Section, Andrew Weissman, also joined the team, NPR’s Carrie Johnson reported at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department policy is that a sitting president cannot be indicted by a grand jury, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/special-counsel-is-investigating-trump-for-possible-obstruction-of-justice/2017/06/14/9ce02506-5131-11e7-b064-828ba60fbb98_story.html?utm_term=.6069366b7243\">the Post also reported Wednesday\u003c/a>. Any findings by the department’s investigation would be referred to Congress, where lawmakers would determine whether to impeach the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Conflates+%27Phony+Collusion%27+And+Possible+Obstruction+Of+Justice+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>… even though some of the same people just a month earlier had been praising the former FBI director for his esteem:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>News of Mueller looking into potential obstruction comes after former FBI Director James Comey testified last week. He said he didn’t know if Trump obstructed justice, but said it was for Mueller to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey testified that he told the president he was not personally under investigation three times and confirmed that Trump was not under investigation at the time of his firing on May 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, “Officials say that changed shortly after Comey’s firing,” the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It stands to reason that the circumstances surrounding Comey’s firing would now be at the center of Mueller’s query. That’s particularly the case since other high-ranking administration officials have declined under oath in open testimony to provide more details about whether Trump asked them in any way to influence Comey or the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, National Security Agency Director Adm. Mike Rogers and Rogers’ former deputy, Richard Ledgett, agreed to be interviewed as part of Mueller’s investigation, according to five people “briefed on the requests” who were “not authorized to discuss the matter publicly,” the paper reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officially, Mueller spokesman Peter Carr told NPR’s Carrie Johnson, “We’ll decline to comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NSA spokeswoman Vanee Vines told NPR’s Phil Ewing, “NSA will fully cooperate with the special counsel. We are not in a position to comment further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Trump’s personal lawyer in the Russia matter, Marc Kasowitz, said, “The FBI leak of information regarding the president is outrageous, inexcusable and illegal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey’s firing is a “central moment that’s being looked at” in the investigation, \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> reporter Devlin Barrett told NPR’s Ari Shapiro on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, “but it’s not the only thing.” Investigators are also considering the conversations Comey and the president had leading up to that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony on June 8, Comey told the Senate Intelligence Committee that he believed Trump had fired him over his role as lead of the FBI investigation into Russian interference in the U.S. election and Trump campaign associates’ possible ties to Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has been inconsistent with its public messaging about the dismissal — initially saying Trump took the recommendations of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein about Comey’s management of the FBI and his handling of the Clinton email investigation. But then the president himself said he had made up his mind prior to receiving the recommendations from the two top lawyers at the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey testified that initial explanations that he was fired because of poor leadership were “lies, plain and simple.” He also said Trump had privately urged him to pull back on the investigation into former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/18/528989289/president-trump-holds-press-conference-with-colombias-president-before-overseas\">a claim that the president has denied\u003c/a>. Comey said he declined to tell agents working on the case about his conversation with Trump to shield them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/22/529586885/report-trump-asked-intel-heads-to-push-back-on-fbi-russia-probe\">The Washington Post previously reported\u003c/a> that Trump also asked Rogers and Coats to push back against the FBI’s investigation. The intelligence chiefs \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/07/531851337/intelligence-chiefs-wont-discuss-private-conversations-with-trump-in-open-hearin\">declined to discuss\u003c/a> their private conversations with Trump during a Senate panel hearing on June 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether Trump’s actions rose to the level of obstruction of justice, Comey testified last week: “I don’t know. That’s Bob Mueller’s job to sort that out.” But Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/10/532321287/is-trump-guilty-of-obstruction-of-justice-comey-laid-out-the-case\">did lay out facts that a prosecutor could use \u003c/a>to try to prove obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and his supporters cast Comey’s testimony that he had told the president he was not personally under investigation as vindication. Trump disputed, though, Comey’s assertion he had asked for a pledge of loyalty. After Comey’s much-watched Senate testimony, the president said in a press conference that he would testify \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/09/532273772/trump-says-he-is-100-percent-willing-to-testify-about-interactions-with-comey\">under oath\u003c/a> regarding his interactions and conversations with the former FBI director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, frankly, our story shows that the president is by no means out of the woods as far as the investigation goes,” the \u003cem>Post’s\u003c/em> Barrett told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatter surfaced earlier this week that the president was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/13/532763717/trump-considering-firing-special-counsel-just-another-example-of-stirring-the-po\">considering firing Mueller\u003c/a>. After a day of speculation, White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders said, “While the president has the right to, he has no intention to do so.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/us/politics/robert-mueller-special-counsel-trump.html\">The New York Times reported\u003c/a> that Trump had been waved off the idea by advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe\">who appointed Mueller\u003c/a> on May 17, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/13/532756387/rosenstein-says-he-wouldnt-fire-special-counsel-without-good-cause\">testified on Tuesday\u003c/a> that he would not fire the special counsel without “good cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is not the only one under scrutiny, Barrett said: Investigators are also looking into the finances of Trump associates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes what happens, frankly, in counterintelligence investigations is you start looking at sort of a core intelligence question — What did the Russians do and did they do it with any Americans? — and it grows into: What did any of those Americans do in their financial matters that may also raise alarms with the FBI?” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller’s investigative team has expanded in recent weeks. \u003cem>The National Law Journal\u003c/em> reported on June 9 that Mueller has brought Deputy Solicitor General Michael Dreeben onto the team on a part-time basis. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationallawjournal.com/id=1202789177543/Mueller-Enlists-Top-Criminal-Law-Expert-for-Russia-Probe?et=editorial&bu=National%20Law%20Journal&cn=20170609&src=EMC-Email&pt=Daily%20Headlines&slreturn=20170509104942\">Reporter Tony Mauro noted\u003c/a> the addition of Dreeben may signal that “Mueller may be seeking advice on complex areas of criminal law, including what constitutes obstruction of justice.” At the end of May, the chief of the Justice Department’s Fraud Section, Andrew Weissman, also joined the team, NPR’s Carrie Johnson reported at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department policy is that a sitting president cannot be indicted by a grand jury, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/special-counsel-is-investigating-trump-for-possible-obstruction-of-justice/2017/06/14/9ce02506-5131-11e7-b064-828ba60fbb98_story.html?utm_term=.6069366b7243\">the Post also reported Wednesday\u003c/a>. Any findings by the department’s investigation would be referred to Congress, where lawmakers would determine whether to impeach the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Conflates+%27Phony+Collusion%27+And+Possible+Obstruction+Of+Justice+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Faceless Boss: A Look Into the Uber Driver Workplace",
"title": "The Faceless Boss: A Look Into the Uber Driver Workplace",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>You probably never want to hear you've been fired. If you've heard those words, you know they feel like a punch in the gut. Now, imagine that instead of your boss telling you face to face, you get the news from a pop-up alert on your smartphone. That's how it works at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Huestis didn't realize that, until it happened to him. At first, there was nothing unusual about that day in April. He took his Chrysler 300 to a Burlington, Vermont, car wash. He bought the used car specifically to drive for Uber. After the car wash, he slid into the front seat and tried to open his Uber app. Nothing. He'd been \"deactivated,\" as Uber calls it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has created one of the fastest-growing workforces in American history. And to recruit drivers, company leaders are fond of saying you can \"Be Your Own Boss.\" But through dozens of interviews and an informal survey, NPR found that hundreds of drivers feel the company is not living up to that promise. They say the San Francisco-based startup sets strict rules and punishments, just as other bosses do, but it's eerily distant. Even in dire situations — like when you've been axed — it's impossible to reach a human in charge. This facelessness is decidedly unlike other workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with NPR, Uber officials acknowledge that the company has to improve its communication with drivers and that in the initial years of growth, it was not a top priority. Now, they say, that's going to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/531642304/532100148\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Huestis found himself locked out, he wasn't sure if it was just a software glitch. He recalls the app alert told him to \"please contact customer support.\" It's counterintuitive, but again in Uber-speak, the driver is the \"customer.\" Drivers rely on the company's service — the now iconic black app — to match them with riders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis hit the button on the Uber app, which directed him to a form (not a person). Moments after hitting \"submit,\" he got a message from a company Uber uses to do criminal background checks. Checkr, another Silicon Valley startup, told him he had a marijuana record that needed to be reviewed before he could drive again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing threw Huestis off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 42-year-old, who lives with his girlfriend and her child, indeed \u003cem>had\u003c/em> a record for three marijuana possessions — spanning from 1993 to 2010. He says when he started driving for Uber in early 2016, he passed the background check. The only thing that has changed since is that on New Year's Day, Jan. 1, 2017, Huestis \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/821533/shumlin_pardons.pdf\">was pardoned\u003c/a> by the governor of Vermont, clearing his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a DWI. It wasn't a felony. It wasn't a rape charge. It wasn't a kidnapping,\" Huestis says. \"It was nothing violent or anything that would stop me from being a Uber driver. So I was like, 'Why is this happening?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11508376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-800x800.jpe\" alt=\"Eric Huestis was blocked from driving for Uber in Burlington, Vt., after he received a governor's pardon for past marijuana possession convictions. Uber later restored Huestis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-160x160.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-240x240.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-375x375.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-520x520.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-32x32.jpe 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-50x50.jpe 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-64x64.jpe 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-96x96.jpe 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-128x128.jpe 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-150x150.jpe 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Huestis was blocked from driving for Uber in Burlington, Vermont, after he received a governor's pardon for past marijuana possession convictions. Uber later restored Huestis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Eric Huestis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huestis felt like he was invested in Uber — he even runs a Facebook page for local Uber drivers to bond — but the company isn't invested in him. Uber is among the largest private companies on earth and is currently valued at about $70 billion. But it didn't even have a number for him to call. Uber doesn't offer that kind of customer support. Huestis did manage to contact state officials, he says, but they didn't have a way to call Uber either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Huestis found himself trapped in a maze of online forms and generic emails. At first, the notifications told him it would take 15 days to review his case; then, 30 days. If that doesn't sound like a big deal, he puts it in perspective: \"What if you got booted off your cellphone provider? That [would] change everything. I mean, I got booted off my income provider, for no reason.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of this Uber driver may be a window into the future of work. For years, workers have enjoyed the way technology creates distance from the boss. You can join meetings from home, or from Hawaii. But with Uber, we are coming to a strange inflection point. The company has designed an app that is so efficient, cheap and scalable that it manages 600,000 drivers in the U.S. Yet there's an underside to distance. It can create a system that lacks the most basic sympathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR conducted \u003ca href=\"#methodology\">an informal survey\u003c/a> of Uber drivers, using email lists and social media. It's not a scientific poll. Respondents are self-selected, and possibly more negative toward Uber than the average driver. Still, it's a window into how hundreds of drivers feel; and an Uber spokesman says many of NPR's survey results track the company's own findings about its driver workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis' experience is clearly not unique. Of the respondents, 193 said they were able to speak with a person at Uber to get the help they needed. But 688 said they were not — no human was available. In phone interviews with NPR, drivers shared examples of how they couldn't reach Uber after an accident on the job (one man contacted Uber's insurance company, which then became the conduit to Uber), or after being kicked off the platform (drivers typically don't get a hearing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/532120218/532120219\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis lives week to week. After his deactivation, he managed to make a bit of money by picking up scrap metal from nearby farms and recycling it. Only he can't do that work alone. He needs a friend to help because he's an amputee. He lost his left leg in a motorcycle accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis contacted NPR the same day he was axed and, over the weeks, we followed his ups and downs. On May 1 he texted, \"i'm in tears today, rents due, no income from uber in over 20 days.\" He spent day and night checking his Uber app, waiting to learn the fate of his career the way some people check Facebook to see if a selfie got liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says the proper appeals procedures were followed with the third-party background check company in Huestis' case. After nearly a month, he was allowed to drive for Uber again. He says he would like to sue Uber for about $3,000 in lost wages. That's a lot of money for him, but not enough for a lawyer to bother with his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Be Your Own Boss' or 'Do What I Say'?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Uber's tagline — \"Be Your Own Boss\" — is an invitation as empowering as Nike's \"Just Do it\" and Apple's \"Think Different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Uber's case, though, it's more than just savvy marketing. Being one's own boss is the legal argument that underlies Uber's entire business. The company says drivers are independent contractors — not employees entitled to expensive benefits. An Uber-commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/uber-static/comms/PDF/Uber_Driver-Partners_Hall_Kreuger_2015.pdf\">study says\u003c/a> 87 percent of drivers joined because that's what they want: to be their own boss and set their own schedule. Uber lawyers cite that statistic in court as evidence when drivers sue the company for employee benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Uber leaders have not publicly asked an obvious follow-up question: At Uber, do you feel like your own boss? So NPR asked drivers, in the informal survey. A little more than half of respondents — 491 total — said they did; and, perhaps unexpectedly, nearly half — 436 — said they did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't feel like your own boss at all,\" says driver David McKee from Vista, California. \"The only thing you control is the time when you sign on and sign off. Other than that, Uber controls everything. It's 'Be Your Own Boss' and 'do what I say.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9aG9dyMgkpsf2wBJ47tLcYLs9BmJY9xx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few workers can drop their kids off at school every morning and then run errands as needed before clocking in. The power to set one's own hours is rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McKee and other Uber drivers appreciate that flexibility, they say it is important to not overestimate it. A total of 779 survey respondents — more than 80 percent — say that to make enough money as an Uber driver, they have to work peak hours, like morning rush or weekend nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not unparalleled freedom, which is hardly surprising. After all, Uber is a transportation service that relies on customer demand, not a coding job where you can flip open your laptop and work anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But drivers go a step further and say they are not just subject to market forces. At Uber, they are also bound by the company's determination to protect the brand by tightly controlling driver performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber uses the sensors in drivers' own smartphones to monitor their turns and lane changes and rolling stops. Of the survey respondents, 116 (more than 10 percent), say they didn't realize Uber was doing that (they may have missed that line in the very long contract) and 433 (nearly half) would like Uber to stop it. Uber's competitor. Lyft, does not do such tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKee says it is the job of the government to license you, penalize you and take away your license if warranted. He says Uber is making a power grab and \"becoming the police.\" He and other drivers also don't trust the company's intentions with their private data. Many Uber drivers work for more than one ride-hailing service, and they fear the tracking is a way for Uber to collect intelligence on smaller competitors like Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says smartphone tracking is good for safety and protects drivers against unfair complaints from passengers. If you want to drive, opting out is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dQ5lL0oOaXahUFQ949zsUdQXDUtUIcTA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers also don't have a choice when it comes to UberPool — the service where you can share a car with others. Drivers say they feel Uber is coercing them into offering it. They say while passengers get to pay much less, drivers also make much less — it is a money loser. In the NPR survey, 7 out of every 10 respondents who offer UberPool say they do not like it and wish they didn't have to provide it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they do. Uber has bundled its products, so if you want to drive for Uber's standard service (UberX), you have to offer Pool, too. For many, that doesn't feel very being-your-own-boss-like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dynamic pricing: Keep 'em guessing, and driving\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The way pricing works at Uber also subjects drivers to a kind of control that's novel. While people who are independent contractors typically set their own price for services, at Uber the company sets the price. And it's dynamic, able to change second by second according to a calculation that is secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While economists marvel at dynamic pricing — it's a superpower that the smartphone and algorithms make possible — drivers scratch their heads. It leaves Uber all-knowing, and drivers clueless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in other jobs, they're not sure what they'll make per hour, and so they can end up on the road far longer than expected. Seventy-nine drivers tell NPR they have driven shifts 14 hours or longer. That means being in the car, Uber app on, either driving a passenger or waiting for work. Three people showed NPR documentation for driving 20 hours in a single day. Uber does not limit how many hours a driver can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is clearly a public safety hazard. But at Uber, drivers talk about it as though it is normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510928\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kyle Reninger sits in his car in Muncie. He drives for Uber part time, typically on weekend nights, so he is more likely to pick up surge prices, which earn him more money. He also drives for Lyft, an Uber competitor. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kyle Reninger is an Uber driver from Muncie, Indiana. The 32-year-old works weekend nights because, he says, that's when he is most likely to pick up surge fares — the higher prices (two, three, five times the regular rate) that passengers hate to pay and that drivers live by. They are the nuggets of the Uber gold rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of several weeks, he kept an audio diary for NPR, sending WhatsApp messages and screenshots between rides. His voice memos become a way to peer into his modern workplace and observe how the nights stretch out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reninger says he feels like his own boss: He chooses when to turn the Uber app on and off. And it's a side gig. He and his wife run a vegan bakery. As that business gets off the ground, Uber is a way to make quick money and also advertise to his passengers. He keeps vegan cookies in the car. (An Uber spokesman says it's OK for drivers to advertise another business in their own cars, so long as it is not an Uber competitor.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Reninger and his wife, Amanda, prepare baked goods for their vegan bakery business. (Right) Reninger stocks homemade cookies in his car and gives them out while he is driving for Uber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510929\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reninger and his wife, Amanda, prepare baked goods for their vegan bakery business. (Right) Reninger stocks homemade cookies in his car and gives them out while he is driving for Uber. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Friday, Reninger sets out to make $200, not counting the cost of gas. He is on Uber and competitor Lyft, though the vast majority of his business comes from Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business is slower than he would like. It takes him 98 minutes on the road to get his first payment of $14.14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount is less than he expected. The Uber app estimated he should bring in $7 more. He says he is used to Uber playing this game — suggesting one fare, then paying another. He sends a message in the app basically saying: I got underpaid; fix that. Then, he keeps waiting for his next passenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the hard part, the in between,\" he says in his voice memo. \"Not really sure, you know, if I should drive around, hope to get another ping. Or if I should head back north.\" He had driven down to Indianapolis, a little more than an hour from home, hoping for a busier night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between the waiting, the passengers he does get make him laugh, think or sometimes cringe. One man is a globe-trotter who talks about his forays in Europe. Another sneaks an open beer can into the car, even though it's against the law and Reninger asked him not to. \"That was kind of a jerk move,\" the driver says. By 1:42 a.m., nearly nine hours into his shift, he is only about halfway to his $200 goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An hour later, he gets another passenger who says over and over, \"I'm so drunk; I'm so drunk, man.\" The passenger wants to go to IHOP, which is typical. A bit less typical, Reninger says in another voice memo, is that the drunk man got out of the car, \"zipped down his pants and started to urinate, right in front of IHOP. Then walked in, like nothing happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510931\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Cars drive through Muncie at dusk.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510931\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars drive through Muncie at dusk. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 6:11 a.m., you can start to hear Reninger's voice fading. And there is something he doesn't admit in his voice memos while he is on the road: He is having a hard time staying awake. He sips water and rolls down his window to help him. He waits until he gets home to mention this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the Uber driver was in his car 14 hours, 9 minutes, and covered 401.2 miles. He got only one small surge fare. If you put aside the cost of gas, he made $165.30. Including tips, he nearly hit his goal. It just took a couple of more hours than he had hoped (and it was by no means his longest shift).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it goes. Each night for the Uber driver is a gamble. The hours go by — just like in a casino. Only here, you could get tired and kill someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem that Uber could solve. It designed the app to lock out drivers if they don't accept a certain number of passengers (kind of like being put in the digital corner). It could design a safety feature to lock out drivers after a certain number of hours. (Lyft does that.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Uber lacks the will to do so. A company spokesman says in an email, \"Uber is a flexible work opportunity, so people can drive whenever they want.\" Also, according to Uber data, more than half of U.S. drivers use the app less than 10 hours a week. (Uber declined to disclose data on how long full-time drivers have the app on.) And finally, the spokesman says, Uber is testing out a new app alert in some cities, to remind drivers about the importance of getting enough rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uber's awakening\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The hype around Uber is that the company doesn't need drivers because it is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/04/03/522099560/pittsburgh-offers-driving-lessons-for-ubers-autonomous-cars\">developing self-driving cars\u003c/a>; and the biggest workplace crisis is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/06/531806891/uber-fires-20-employees-after-sexual-harassment-claim-investigation\">sexual harassment\u003c/a> — the way women in the corporate office are treated. But according to current and former employees as well as investors, Uber feels far more threatened by its broken relationship with drivers. This is the existential threat to the business, because self-driving fleets won't be ready anytime soon. Uber needs the human workforce now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Uber hired Janelle Sallenave to improve the way it responds to drivers' and riders' needs, disputes and accidents. \"How could my job not exist? How could there not be somebody whose job it would be to oversee the support of our drivers?\" she says in a phone interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sallenave says Uber, which began service in 2010, has grown so fast, it just didn't have the time to \"marinate\" — like older companies — on some of the basics. The focus has been on launching in more cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, she says, drivers are a top priority and Uber will be announcing changes. \"I think in the coming months some of the improvements we are making directly address feedback that our drivers have been giving us for the last year plus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sallenave acknowledges that getting an Uber representative on the phone six months ago was a feat that, she says, \"frankly I don't know I would be able to do.\" She says Uber has a lot of work to do to improve communication with drivers, and the company is doing that. It's staffing more than 200 physical drop-in centers (called \"green light hubs\") and introducing new dedicated phone lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers' complaints about poor communication are no surprise to Sallenave. She says Uber needs to revamp the way it \"deactivates\" drivers and that the company faces \"some serious work\" in how it handles those situations. Sallenave says Uber is undertaking significant policy changes, though she declined to provide details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also maintains that drivers are their own boss; that Uber is a digital platform (like eBay), not an employer; and that drivers are a lot like her own husband, who recently started a consultancy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He doesn't get benefits. He doesn't exactly know what he's going to make. I mean, that to me is all of the risks, but also the potential reward, of being an individual small-business owner,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A case study in disruption\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A former federal regulator strongly disagrees with the Uber official's position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, I can't just declare a pigeon a duck because I think it should be a duck,\" says David Weil. He was head of the Department of Labor's wage-and-hour division under President Barack Obama. It was Weil's job to investigate companies that misclassify workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of the driver's view of the Uber app measures brakes and accelerations while Reninger drives.\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11510933\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-160x284.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-240x427.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-375x667.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the driver's view of the Uber app measures brakes and accelerations while Reninger drives. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kyle Reninger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Weil visited Silicon Valley. He came with then-Labor Secretary Tom Perez (who is now head of the Democratic National Committee). And something struck Weil: While people in tech talked like they were all disruptors in the same boat, they weren't. At a startup like TaskRabbit, for example, the people providing a service set their own price and define what work they'll do. The company doesn't control those things. But at Uber, the company sets the price and designs the services (like Uber Black, X and Pool), \u003cem>and \u003c/em>those services are core to the brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, it looks a lot like an employment relationship. It looks like a very sophisticated, branded product provider,\" Weil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weil's opinion, which is not based on inside knowledge, strikes at the heart of a number of legal battles and court cases in which workers are suing Uber, saying they are employees entitled to benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Weil didn't publicly express his opinion about Uber as a regulator; and he didn't put resources into investigations or outreach to Uber drivers. He says that is because although these drivers were a rapidly growing workforce, they were still a tiny sector, compared with janitors or nurses aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the head of the agency, I every day dealt with this reality. We were responsible for 130 million workers in 7.3 million workplaces,\" he says. \"When you face those kinds of numbers you have to think every day very strategically about, where will you put your very limited resources?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this respect, Uber becomes a fascinating case study in how disruption works. While the tech startup pursued aggressive growth — move fast, think later — public officials describe their collective response as cautious. \"You don't want to be seen as stopping progress,\" another former federal labor official told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"methodology\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the survey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR conducted an informal survey of Uber drivers from May 20-21, 2017, based on questions developed in consultation with a nationally recognized survey company. NPR distributed survey invitations to Uber drivers through an email list and through popular and active general online forums. We avoided recruiting from any forum focused on complaints or negative topics to avoid unduly biasing the responses. The survey respondents are not a scientific sample and not representative of all Uber drivers nationwide. They are self-selected and therefore represent the views of drivers who chose to participate. For example, drivers may be more likely to respond if they are more comfortable filling out an online survey or if they have more negative feelings toward the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To verify that survey takers were indeed Uber drivers, NPR included questions in the survey that require intimate knowledge of how the company pays drivers. Of the 1,158 respondents, NPR determined 943 responses valid. This is just a fraction of the hundreds of thousands of people who drive for Uber. Not all respondents replied to every question. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. NPR asked about length of service, to ensure a diversity of driver experiences with Uber. NPR solicited contact information of drivers surveyed and called dozens of drivers for follow-up interviews. The drivers were almost all still active; a handful had stopped driving in the last three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Business Desk intern Mollie Simon, Senior Research Director Lori Kaplan and News Apps Developer Brittany Mayes contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Faceless+Boss%3A+A+Look+Into+The+Uber+Driver+Workplace&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You probably never want to hear you've been fired. If you've heard those words, you know they feel like a punch in the gut. Now, imagine that instead of your boss telling you face to face, you get the news from a pop-up alert on your smartphone. That's how it works at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Huestis didn't realize that, until it happened to him. At first, there was nothing unusual about that day in April. He took his Chrysler 300 to a Burlington, Vermont, car wash. He bought the used car specifically to drive for Uber. After the car wash, he slid into the front seat and tried to open his Uber app. Nothing. He'd been \"deactivated,\" as Uber calls it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has created one of the fastest-growing workforces in American history. And to recruit drivers, company leaders are fond of saying you can \"Be Your Own Boss.\" But through dozens of interviews and an informal survey, NPR found that hundreds of drivers feel the company is not living up to that promise. They say the San Francisco-based startup sets strict rules and punishments, just as other bosses do, but it's eerily distant. Even in dire situations — like when you've been axed — it's impossible to reach a human in charge. This facelessness is decidedly unlike other workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with NPR, Uber officials acknowledge that the company has to improve its communication with drivers and that in the initial years of growth, it was not a top priority. Now, they say, that's going to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/531642304/532100148\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Huestis found himself locked out, he wasn't sure if it was just a software glitch. He recalls the app alert told him to \"please contact customer support.\" It's counterintuitive, but again in Uber-speak, the driver is the \"customer.\" Drivers rely on the company's service — the now iconic black app — to match them with riders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis hit the button on the Uber app, which directed him to a form (not a person). Moments after hitting \"submit,\" he got a message from a company Uber uses to do criminal background checks. Checkr, another Silicon Valley startup, told him he had a marijuana record that needed to be reviewed before he could drive again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing threw Huestis off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 42-year-old, who lives with his girlfriend and her child, indeed \u003cem>had\u003c/em> a record for three marijuana possessions — spanning from 1993 to 2010. He says when he started driving for Uber in early 2016, he passed the background check. The only thing that has changed since is that on New Year's Day, Jan. 1, 2017, Huestis \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/821533/shumlin_pardons.pdf\">was pardoned\u003c/a> by the governor of Vermont, clearing his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a DWI. It wasn't a felony. It wasn't a rape charge. It wasn't a kidnapping,\" Huestis says. \"It was nothing violent or anything that would stop me from being a Uber driver. So I was like, 'Why is this happening?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11508376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-800x800.jpe\" alt=\"Eric Huestis was blocked from driving for Uber in Burlington, Vt., after he received a governor's pardon for past marijuana possession convictions. Uber later restored Huestis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-160x160.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-240x240.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-375x375.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-520x520.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-32x32.jpe 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-50x50.jpe 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-64x64.jpe 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-96x96.jpe 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-128x128.jpe 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/eric_custom-98cf0648b2c68232d42fa5956e58d1577c07b7c2-150x150.jpe 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Huestis was blocked from driving for Uber in Burlington, Vermont, after he received a governor's pardon for past marijuana possession convictions. Uber later restored Huestis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Eric Huestis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huestis felt like he was invested in Uber — he even runs a Facebook page for local Uber drivers to bond — but the company isn't invested in him. Uber is among the largest private companies on earth and is currently valued at about $70 billion. But it didn't even have a number for him to call. Uber doesn't offer that kind of customer support. Huestis did manage to contact state officials, he says, but they didn't have a way to call Uber either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Huestis found himself trapped in a maze of online forms and generic emails. At first, the notifications told him it would take 15 days to review his case; then, 30 days. If that doesn't sound like a big deal, he puts it in perspective: \"What if you got booted off your cellphone provider? That [would] change everything. I mean, I got booted off my income provider, for no reason.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of this Uber driver may be a window into the future of work. For years, workers have enjoyed the way technology creates distance from the boss. You can join meetings from home, or from Hawaii. But with Uber, we are coming to a strange inflection point. The company has designed an app that is so efficient, cheap and scalable that it manages 600,000 drivers in the U.S. Yet there's an underside to distance. It can create a system that lacks the most basic sympathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR conducted \u003ca href=\"#methodology\">an informal survey\u003c/a> of Uber drivers, using email lists and social media. It's not a scientific poll. Respondents are self-selected, and possibly more negative toward Uber than the average driver. Still, it's a window into how hundreds of drivers feel; and an Uber spokesman says many of NPR's survey results track the company's own findings about its driver workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis' experience is clearly not unique. Of the respondents, 193 said they were able to speak with a person at Uber to get the help they needed. But 688 said they were not — no human was available. In phone interviews with NPR, drivers shared examples of how they couldn't reach Uber after an accident on the job (one man contacted Uber's insurance company, which then became the conduit to Uber), or after being kicked off the platform (drivers typically don't get a hearing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/532120218/532120219\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis lives week to week. After his deactivation, he managed to make a bit of money by picking up scrap metal from nearby farms and recycling it. Only he can't do that work alone. He needs a friend to help because he's an amputee. He lost his left leg in a motorcycle accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huestis contacted NPR the same day he was axed and, over the weeks, we followed his ups and downs. On May 1 he texted, \"i'm in tears today, rents due, no income from uber in over 20 days.\" He spent day and night checking his Uber app, waiting to learn the fate of his career the way some people check Facebook to see if a selfie got liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says the proper appeals procedures were followed with the third-party background check company in Huestis' case. After nearly a month, he was allowed to drive for Uber again. He says he would like to sue Uber for about $3,000 in lost wages. That's a lot of money for him, but not enough for a lawyer to bother with his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Be Your Own Boss' or 'Do What I Say'?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Uber's tagline — \"Be Your Own Boss\" — is an invitation as empowering as Nike's \"Just Do it\" and Apple's \"Think Different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Uber's case, though, it's more than just savvy marketing. Being one's own boss is the legal argument that underlies Uber's entire business. The company says drivers are independent contractors — not employees entitled to expensive benefits. An Uber-commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/uber-static/comms/PDF/Uber_Driver-Partners_Hall_Kreuger_2015.pdf\">study says\u003c/a> 87 percent of drivers joined because that's what they want: to be their own boss and set their own schedule. Uber lawyers cite that statistic in court as evidence when drivers sue the company for employee benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Uber leaders have not publicly asked an obvious follow-up question: At Uber, do you feel like your own boss? So NPR asked drivers, in the informal survey. A little more than half of respondents — 491 total — said they did; and, perhaps unexpectedly, nearly half — 436 — said they did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't feel like your own boss at all,\" says driver David McKee from Vista, California. \"The only thing you control is the time when you sign on and sign off. Other than that, Uber controls everything. It's 'Be Your Own Boss' and 'do what I say.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few workers can drop their kids off at school every morning and then run errands as needed before clocking in. The power to set one's own hours is rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McKee and other Uber drivers appreciate that flexibility, they say it is important to not overestimate it. A total of 779 survey respondents — more than 80 percent — say that to make enough money as an Uber driver, they have to work peak hours, like morning rush or weekend nights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not unparalleled freedom, which is hardly surprising. After all, Uber is a transportation service that relies on customer demand, not a coding job where you can flip open your laptop and work anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But drivers go a step further and say they are not just subject to market forces. At Uber, they are also bound by the company's determination to protect the brand by tightly controlling driver performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber uses the sensors in drivers' own smartphones to monitor their turns and lane changes and rolling stops. Of the survey respondents, 116 (more than 10 percent), say they didn't realize Uber was doing that (they may have missed that line in the very long contract) and 433 (nearly half) would like Uber to stop it. Uber's competitor. Lyft, does not do such tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKee says it is the job of the government to license you, penalize you and take away your license if warranted. He says Uber is making a power grab and \"becoming the police.\" He and other drivers also don't trust the company's intentions with their private data. Many Uber drivers work for more than one ride-hailing service, and they fear the tracking is a way for Uber to collect intelligence on smaller competitors like Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says smartphone tracking is good for safety and protects drivers against unfair complaints from passengers. If you want to drive, opting out is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers also don't have a choice when it comes to UberPool — the service where you can share a car with others. Drivers say they feel Uber is coercing them into offering it. They say while passengers get to pay much less, drivers also make much less — it is a money loser. In the NPR survey, 7 out of every 10 respondents who offer UberPool say they do not like it and wish they didn't have to provide it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they do. Uber has bundled its products, so if you want to drive for Uber's standard service (UberX), you have to offer Pool, too. For many, that doesn't feel very being-your-own-boss-like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dynamic pricing: Keep 'em guessing, and driving\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The way pricing works at Uber also subjects drivers to a kind of control that's novel. While people who are independent contractors typically set their own price for services, at Uber the company sets the price. And it's dynamic, able to change second by second according to a calculation that is secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While economists marvel at dynamic pricing — it's a superpower that the smartphone and algorithms make possible — drivers scratch their heads. It leaves Uber all-knowing, and drivers clueless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in other jobs, they're not sure what they'll make per hour, and so they can end up on the road far longer than expected. Seventy-nine drivers tell NPR they have driven shifts 14 hours or longer. That means being in the car, Uber app on, either driving a passenger or waiting for work. Three people showed NPR documentation for driving 20 hours in a single day. Uber does not limit how many hours a driver can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is clearly a public safety hazard. But at Uber, drivers talk about it as though it is normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510928\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/ReningerCar-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kyle Reninger sits in his car in Muncie. He drives for Uber part time, typically on weekend nights, so he is more likely to pick up surge prices, which earn him more money. He also drives for Lyft, an Uber competitor. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kyle Reninger is an Uber driver from Muncie, Indiana. The 32-year-old works weekend nights because, he says, that's when he is most likely to pick up surge fares — the higher prices (two, three, five times the regular rate) that passengers hate to pay and that drivers live by. They are the nuggets of the Uber gold rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of several weeks, he kept an audio diary for NPR, sending WhatsApp messages and screenshots between rides. His voice memos become a way to peer into his modern workplace and observe how the nights stretch out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reninger says he feels like his own boss: He chooses when to turn the Uber app on and off. And it's a side gig. He and his wife run a vegan bakery. As that business gets off the ground, Uber is a way to make quick money and also advertise to his passengers. He keeps vegan cookies in the car. (An Uber spokesman says it's OK for drivers to advertise another business in their own cars, so long as it is not an Uber competitor.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Reninger and his wife, Amanda, prepare baked goods for their vegan bakery business. (Right) Reninger stocks homemade cookies in his car and gives them out while he is driving for Uber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510929\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/uber-trio_custom-8f4071e98b70220ebcfd6a5c8062a7fe0cd54663-s800-c85-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reninger and his wife, Amanda, prepare baked goods for their vegan bakery business. (Right) Reninger stocks homemade cookies in his car and gives them out while he is driving for Uber. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Friday, Reninger sets out to make $200, not counting the cost of gas. He is on Uber and competitor Lyft, though the vast majority of his business comes from Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business is slower than he would like. It takes him 98 minutes on the road to get his first payment of $14.14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount is less than he expected. The Uber app estimated he should bring in $7 more. He says he is used to Uber playing this game — suggesting one fare, then paying another. He sends a message in the app basically saying: I got underpaid; fix that. Then, he keeps waiting for his next passenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the hard part, the in between,\" he says in his voice memo. \"Not really sure, you know, if I should drive around, hope to get another ping. Or if I should head back north.\" He had driven down to Indianapolis, a little more than an hour from home, hoping for a busier night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between the waiting, the passengers he does get make him laugh, think or sometimes cringe. One man is a globe-trotter who talks about his forays in Europe. Another sneaks an open beer can into the car, even though it's against the law and Reninger asked him not to. \"That was kind of a jerk move,\" the driver says. By 1:42 a.m., nearly nine hours into his shift, he is only about halfway to his $200 goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An hour later, he gets another passenger who says over and over, \"I'm so drunk; I'm so drunk, man.\" The passenger wants to go to IHOP, which is typical. A bit less typical, Reninger says in another voice memo, is that the drunk man got out of the car, \"zipped down his pants and started to urinate, right in front of IHOP. Then walked in, like nothing happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510931\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Cars drive through Muncie at dusk.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510931\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/06062017_reninger_uber_npr_1369-edit_custom-a51ec29fb68147aa4acd4dbe12a5f03e5c52ce54-s800-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars drive through Muncie at dusk. \u003ccite>(Lucas Carter/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 6:11 a.m., you can start to hear Reninger's voice fading. And there is something he doesn't admit in his voice memos while he is on the road: He is having a hard time staying awake. He sips water and rolls down his window to help him. He waits until he gets home to mention this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the Uber driver was in his car 14 hours, 9 minutes, and covered 401.2 miles. He got only one small surge fare. If you put aside the cost of gas, he made $165.30. Including tips, he nearly hit his goal. It just took a couple of more hours than he had hoped (and it was by no means his longest shift).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it goes. Each night for the Uber driver is a gamble. The hours go by — just like in a casino. Only here, you could get tired and kill someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem that Uber could solve. It designed the app to lock out drivers if they don't accept a certain number of passengers (kind of like being put in the digital corner). It could design a safety feature to lock out drivers after a certain number of hours. (Lyft does that.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Uber lacks the will to do so. A company spokesman says in an email, \"Uber is a flexible work opportunity, so people can drive whenever they want.\" Also, according to Uber data, more than half of U.S. drivers use the app less than 10 hours a week. (Uber declined to disclose data on how long full-time drivers have the app on.) And finally, the spokesman says, Uber is testing out a new app alert in some cities, to remind drivers about the importance of getting enough rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uber's awakening\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The hype around Uber is that the company doesn't need drivers because it is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/04/03/522099560/pittsburgh-offers-driving-lessons-for-ubers-autonomous-cars\">developing self-driving cars\u003c/a>; and the biggest workplace crisis is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/06/531806891/uber-fires-20-employees-after-sexual-harassment-claim-investigation\">sexual harassment\u003c/a> — the way women in the corporate office are treated. But according to current and former employees as well as investors, Uber feels far more threatened by its broken relationship with drivers. This is the existential threat to the business, because self-driving fleets won't be ready anytime soon. Uber needs the human workforce now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Uber hired Janelle Sallenave to improve the way it responds to drivers' and riders' needs, disputes and accidents. \"How could my job not exist? How could there not be somebody whose job it would be to oversee the support of our drivers?\" she says in a phone interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sallenave says Uber, which began service in 2010, has grown so fast, it just didn't have the time to \"marinate\" — like older companies — on some of the basics. The focus has been on launching in more cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, she says, drivers are a top priority and Uber will be announcing changes. \"I think in the coming months some of the improvements we are making directly address feedback that our drivers have been giving us for the last year plus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sallenave acknowledges that getting an Uber representative on the phone six months ago was a feat that, she says, \"frankly I don't know I would be able to do.\" She says Uber has a lot of work to do to improve communication with drivers, and the company is doing that. It's staffing more than 200 physical drop-in centers (called \"green light hubs\") and introducing new dedicated phone lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers' complaints about poor communication are no surprise to Sallenave. She says Uber needs to revamp the way it \"deactivates\" drivers and that the company faces \"some serious work\" in how it handles those situations. Sallenave says Uber is undertaking significant policy changes, though she declined to provide details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also maintains that drivers are their own boss; that Uber is a digital platform (like eBay), not an employer; and that drivers are a lot like her own husband, who recently started a consultancy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He doesn't get benefits. He doesn't exactly know what he's going to make. I mean, that to me is all of the risks, but also the potential reward, of being an individual small-business owner,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A case study in disruption\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A former federal regulator strongly disagrees with the Uber official's position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, I can't just declare a pigeon a duck because I think it should be a duck,\" says David Weil. He was head of the Department of Labor's wage-and-hour division under President Barack Obama. It was Weil's job to investigate companies that misclassify workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of the driver's view of the Uber app measures brakes and accelerations while Reninger drives.\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11510933\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-160x284.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-240x427.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/kyle-driver-app_custom-d35e2f6f448a4b993aa78c730e096ea2bb48a190-s400-c85-375x667.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the driver's view of the Uber app measures brakes and accelerations while Reninger drives. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kyle Reninger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Weil visited Silicon Valley. He came with then-Labor Secretary Tom Perez (who is now head of the Democratic National Committee). And something struck Weil: While people in tech talked like they were all disruptors in the same boat, they weren't. At a startup like TaskRabbit, for example, the people providing a service set their own price and define what work they'll do. The company doesn't control those things. But at Uber, the company sets the price and designs the services (like Uber Black, X and Pool), \u003cem>and \u003c/em>those services are core to the brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, it looks a lot like an employment relationship. It looks like a very sophisticated, branded product provider,\" Weil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weil's opinion, which is not based on inside knowledge, strikes at the heart of a number of legal battles and court cases in which workers are suing Uber, saying they are employees entitled to benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Weil didn't publicly express his opinion about Uber as a regulator; and he didn't put resources into investigations or outreach to Uber drivers. He says that is because although these drivers were a rapidly growing workforce, they were still a tiny sector, compared with janitors or nurses aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the head of the agency, I every day dealt with this reality. We were responsible for 130 million workers in 7.3 million workplaces,\" he says. \"When you face those kinds of numbers you have to think every day very strategically about, where will you put your very limited resources?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this respect, Uber becomes a fascinating case study in how disruption works. While the tech startup pursued aggressive growth — move fast, think later — public officials describe their collective response as cautious. \"You don't want to be seen as stopping progress,\" another former federal labor official told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"methodology\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the survey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR conducted an informal survey of Uber drivers from May 20-21, 2017, based on questions developed in consultation with a nationally recognized survey company. NPR distributed survey invitations to Uber drivers through an email list and through popular and active general online forums. We avoided recruiting from any forum focused on complaints or negative topics to avoid unduly biasing the responses. The survey respondents are not a scientific sample and not representative of all Uber drivers nationwide. They are self-selected and therefore represent the views of drivers who chose to participate. For example, drivers may be more likely to respond if they are more comfortable filling out an online survey or if they have more negative feelings toward the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To verify that survey takers were indeed Uber drivers, NPR included questions in the survey that require intimate knowledge of how the company pays drivers. Of the 1,158 respondents, NPR determined 943 responses valid. This is just a fraction of the hundreds of thousands of people who drive for Uber. Not all respondents replied to every question. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. NPR asked about length of service, to ensure a diversity of driver experiences with Uber. NPR solicited contact information of drivers surveyed and called dozens of drivers for follow-up interviews. The drivers were almost all still active; a handful had stopped driving in the last three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Business Desk intern Mollie Simon, Senior Research Director Lori Kaplan and News Apps Developer Brittany Mayes contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Faceless+Boss%3A+A+Look+Into+The+Uber+Driver+Workplace&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Jeff Sessions Testifies He Never Discussed Election With Russians",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=532649665&mediaId=532672044\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:37 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions told a Senate committee Tuesday that any suggestion he colluded with Russia during last year's U.S. presidential campaign was an \"appalling and detestable lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions spent more than 2½ hours before the Senate Intelligence Committee, which included several testy exchanges with Democratic senators who accused him of obstructing their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the questioning, Sessions defended himself and refused to discuss any details of conversations he's had with President Trump. In his opening statement, Sessions said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Let me state this clearly, colleagues: I have never met with or had any conversation with any Russians or foreign officials concerning any type of interference with any campaign or election in the United States. Further, I have no knowledge of any such conversations by anyone connected to the Trump campaign.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The attorney general on March 2 recused himself from the FBI investigation into Russia's role in the election, saying he felt he was required to do so because he had been a prominent figure in Trump's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many have suggested that my recusal is because I felt I was a subject of the investigation myself, that I may have done something wrong,\" he said, stressing this was not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The suggestion that I participated in any collusion, that I was aware of any collusion with the Russian government, or hurt this country which I have served with honor for 35 years, or to undermine the integrity of our democratic process, is an appalling and detestable lie,\" Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WtC6eYpi6iOsN0ACuPPE69Jhqtiu8BXv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His testimony came just six days after James Comey, the fired FBI director, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/watch-live-comey-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appeared before the same committee\u003c/a>. The former FBI director discussed a host of issues surrounding Russia's meddling in the 2016 presidential election, though his remarks also raised questions that were directed at Sessions on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey referred frequently to the attorney general, and included the tantalizing tidbit that there were \"facts that I can't discuss in an open setting.\" Sessions requested an open hearing, though he made clear in his opening remarks, and at several times during his testimony, that there were some things he would not discuss, including confidential conversations with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic senators expressed frustration with Sessions on several occasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one tense exchange, Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said, \"I believe the American people have had it with stonewalling. Americans don't want to hear that answers to relevant questions are privileged or off-limits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am not stonewalling,\" Sessions said. \"I am following the historic policies of the Department of Justice\" on private discussions with the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, the Virginia Democrat and vice chairman of the committee, raised his concerns in his opening statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Our committee will want to hear what you are doing to ensure that the Russians — or any other foreign adversaries — cannot attack our democratic process like this ever again. I am concerned that the president still does not recognize the severity of the threat. He does not acknowledge the unanimous conclusions of the U.S. intelligence community that Russia massively intervened in our election.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Before he became attorney general, Sessions served two decades as a Republican senator from Alabama. But his former Democratic colleagues pressed him repeatedly on his contacts with Russia and his role in the dismissal of Comey — who led the FBI's probe on Russia until he was ousted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has acknowledged two meetings last year with Russia's ambassador to the U.S., Sergei Kislyak. But he denied reports that he had a third, previously undisclosed meeting with Kislyak at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington in April 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eeWz2Qciif0urNgm82phDR9lkCAZDJPu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not have any private meetings, nor do I recall any conversations with any Russian officials at the Mayflower Hotel,\" said Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was asked about the event several times, and said at one point, \"If any brief interaction occurred in passing with the Russian ambassador during that reception, I do not remember it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony last week, Comey said he and Trump had a one-on-one meeting in the Oval Office on Feb. 14 about the investigation into the former national security adviser, Michael Flynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Comey, Trump said of Flynn: \"He is a good guy. I hope you can let this go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that meeting, Comey said he told Sessions he did not want to be left alone with Trump, because he didn't think it was appropriate for the president and the FBI director to have such private meetings. The FBI is part of the Justice Department that Sessions heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions confirmed Comey's account, but placed less emphasis on the Trump-Comey meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe it was the next day that [Comey] said something, expressed concern, about being left alone with the president,\" Sessions said. \"But that in itself is not problematic. He did not, at that time, tell me any details about anything that was said that was improper. I affirmed his concern that we should be following the proper guidelines of the Department of Justice, and basically backed him up in his concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., asked Sessions why, after recusing himself from the Russia inquiry, he signed a letter last month recommending that President Trump fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said he agreed with a letter drafted by his deputy, Rod Rosenstein, that Comey should be replaced. Sessions added his own letter to that effect, and both documents were sent to Trump, who then fired Comey later on the same day, May 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sessions refused to say whether he ever spoke with Trump about firing Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SessionsAnnote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Jeff+Sessions+Testifies+He+Never+Discussed+Election+With+Russians+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In testy exchanges with Democrat senators, Sessions defended himself against any suggestions of wrongdoing during the 2016 campaign, but refused to discuss his conversations with President Trump.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=532649665&mediaId=532672044\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:37 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions told a Senate committee Tuesday that any suggestion he colluded with Russia during last year's U.S. presidential campaign was an \"appalling and detestable lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions spent more than 2½ hours before the Senate Intelligence Committee, which included several testy exchanges with Democratic senators who accused him of obstructing their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the questioning, Sessions defended himself and refused to discuss any details of conversations he's had with President Trump. In his opening statement, Sessions said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Let me state this clearly, colleagues: I have never met with or had any conversation with any Russians or foreign officials concerning any type of interference with any campaign or election in the United States. Further, I have no knowledge of any such conversations by anyone connected to the Trump campaign.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The attorney general on March 2 recused himself from the FBI investigation into Russia's role in the election, saying he felt he was required to do so because he had been a prominent figure in Trump's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many have suggested that my recusal is because I felt I was a subject of the investigation myself, that I may have done something wrong,\" he said, stressing this was not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The suggestion that I participated in any collusion, that I was aware of any collusion with the Russian government, or hurt this country which I have served with honor for 35 years, or to undermine the integrity of our democratic process, is an appalling and detestable lie,\" Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His testimony came just six days after James Comey, the fired FBI director, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/watch-live-comey-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appeared before the same committee\u003c/a>. The former FBI director discussed a host of issues surrounding Russia's meddling in the 2016 presidential election, though his remarks also raised questions that were directed at Sessions on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey referred frequently to the attorney general, and included the tantalizing tidbit that there were \"facts that I can't discuss in an open setting.\" Sessions requested an open hearing, though he made clear in his opening remarks, and at several times during his testimony, that there were some things he would not discuss, including confidential conversations with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic senators expressed frustration with Sessions on several occasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one tense exchange, Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said, \"I believe the American people have had it with stonewalling. Americans don't want to hear that answers to relevant questions are privileged or off-limits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am not stonewalling,\" Sessions said. \"I am following the historic policies of the Department of Justice\" on private discussions with the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, the Virginia Democrat and vice chairman of the committee, raised his concerns in his opening statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Our committee will want to hear what you are doing to ensure that the Russians — or any other foreign adversaries — cannot attack our democratic process like this ever again. I am concerned that the president still does not recognize the severity of the threat. He does not acknowledge the unanimous conclusions of the U.S. intelligence community that Russia massively intervened in our election.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Before he became attorney general, Sessions served two decades as a Republican senator from Alabama. But his former Democratic colleagues pressed him repeatedly on his contacts with Russia and his role in the dismissal of Comey — who led the FBI's probe on Russia until he was ousted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has acknowledged two meetings last year with Russia's ambassador to the U.S., Sergei Kislyak. But he denied reports that he had a third, previously undisclosed meeting with Kislyak at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington in April 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not have any private meetings, nor do I recall any conversations with any Russian officials at the Mayflower Hotel,\" said Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was asked about the event several times, and said at one point, \"If any brief interaction occurred in passing with the Russian ambassador during that reception, I do not remember it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony last week, Comey said he and Trump had a one-on-one meeting in the Oval Office on Feb. 14 about the investigation into the former national security adviser, Michael Flynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Comey, Trump said of Flynn: \"He is a good guy. I hope you can let this go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that meeting, Comey said he told Sessions he did not want to be left alone with Trump, because he didn't think it was appropriate for the president and the FBI director to have such private meetings. The FBI is part of the Justice Department that Sessions heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions confirmed Comey's account, but placed less emphasis on the Trump-Comey meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe it was the next day that [Comey] said something, expressed concern, about being left alone with the president,\" Sessions said. \"But that in itself is not problematic. He did not, at that time, tell me any details about anything that was said that was improper. I affirmed his concern that we should be following the proper guidelines of the Department of Justice, and basically backed him up in his concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., asked Sessions why, after recusing himself from the Russia inquiry, he signed a letter last month recommending that President Trump fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions said he agreed with a letter drafted by his deputy, Rod Rosenstein, that Comey should be replaced. Sessions added his own letter to that effect, and both documents were sent to Trump, who then fired Comey later on the same day, May 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Sessions refused to say whether he ever spoke with Trump about firing Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SessionsAnnote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Jeff+Sessions+Testifies+He+Never+Discussed+Election+With+Russians+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:12 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sentence of Yahoo's Wikipedia page now reads, \"Yahoo! Inc. was an American multinational technology company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo's internet properties officially became Verizon's properties Tuesday, as the telecom giant finalized its $4.5 billion acquisition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Marissa Mayer officially became Yahoo's last CEO. She is expected to receive a compensation package of more than $23 million as she exits the company, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312517079185/d206374dprer14a.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a regulatory filing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Mayer's fate under Verizon was uncertain, her resignation was a frequently predicted outcome. The country's largest wireless carrier got Yahoo and its more than 1 billion monthly users at a bargain price following years of turmoil at the internet provider — high CEO turnover and uncertain direction, culminating in the disclosure (while the merger was pending) of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/16/yahoo-warns-more-users-their-private-info-may-have-been-stolen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">massive data breaches\u003c/a> that happened under Mayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KtSKfXnjJHiLUeL6kDgvbD5RX7lxNOPC\"]After the disclosure of the hacks, Verizon lowered its bid for Yahoo to $4.5 billion from $4.8 billion. (Yahoo's biggest value is in its stakes in the Chinese online retail giant Alibaba and in Yahoo Japan, which will remain separate under a new brand called Altaba.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking over for Mayer will be former AOL CEO Tim Armstrong. Verizon has placed him at the helm of a new digital subsidiary, called Oath, that will house Yahoo's brands together with the previously acquired AOL brands. These include HuffPost, TechCrunch, Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Mail, Flickr and Tumblr, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the inherent changes to my role, I'll be leaving the company,\" Mayer wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://marissamayr.tumblr.com/post/161775943139/nostalgia-gratitude-optimism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post on Tumblr\u003c/a> on Tuesday, titled \"Nostalgia, Gratitude & Optimism.\" In it, Mayer thanks Yahoo employees and lists various accomplishments in which she says Yahoo's team \"rebuilt, reinvented, strengthened, and modernized\" the company and its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking back on my time at Yahoo, we have confronted seemingly insurmountable business challenges, along with many surprise twists and turns,\" Mayer wrote, signing off with: \"Yaho-o-oo! Marissa\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon and Oath confirmed Mayer's departure in the last paragraph of Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-creating-diverse-house-50-brands-under-new-oath-subsidiary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> about the deal, ending with: \"Verizon wishes Mayer well in her future endeavors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purchase of Yahoo's core internet business is part of Verizon's ongoing play to sprawl its digital-media presence and break into the digital-advertising market, where it could become a No. 3 to the dominant duo of Google and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now that the deal is closed, we are excited to set our focus on being the best company for consumer media, and the best partner to our advertising, content and publisher partners,\" Armstrong said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>After the disclosure of the hacks, Verizon lowered its bid for Yahoo to $4.5 billion from $4.8 billion. (Yahoo's biggest value is in its stakes in the Chinese online retail giant Alibaba and in Yahoo Japan, which will remain separate under a new brand called Altaba.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking over for Mayer will be former AOL CEO Tim Armstrong. Verizon has placed him at the helm of a new digital subsidiary, called Oath, that will house Yahoo's brands together with the previously acquired AOL brands. These include HuffPost, TechCrunch, Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Mail, Flickr and Tumblr, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the inherent changes to my role, I'll be leaving the company,\" Mayer wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://marissamayr.tumblr.com/post/161775943139/nostalgia-gratitude-optimism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post on Tumblr\u003c/a> on Tuesday, titled \"Nostalgia, Gratitude & Optimism.\" In it, Mayer thanks Yahoo employees and lists various accomplishments in which she says Yahoo's team \"rebuilt, reinvented, strengthened, and modernized\" the company and its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking back on my time at Yahoo, we have confronted seemingly insurmountable business challenges, along with many surprise twists and turns,\" Mayer wrote, signing off with: \"Yaho-o-oo! Marissa\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon and Oath confirmed Mayer's departure in the last paragraph of Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-creating-diverse-house-50-brands-under-new-oath-subsidiary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> about the deal, ending with: \"Verizon wishes Mayer well in her future endeavors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purchase of Yahoo's core internet business is part of Verizon's ongoing play to sprawl its digital-media presence and break into the digital-advertising market, where it could become a No. 3 to the dominant duo of Google and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now that the deal is closed, we are excited to set our focus on being the best company for consumer media, and the best partner to our advertising, content and publisher partners,\" Armstrong said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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