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"content": "\u003cp>We spend a lot of time talking to Alexa and Siri. Imagine if such artificial personalities were put inside a cute, adorable robot. That's what Alexander Reben has done. The artist created what he saw as the perfect interview machine to see how much he could get people to reveal to the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben's experiments with human robot interactions began when he was working on his master's degree in robotics at MIT. He built a robot called \u003ca href=\"http://resenv.media.mit.edu/Boxie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boxie\u003c/a>. It was made of cardboard, about the size of a microwave oven, and rolled around like a toy tank.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yz0kM6ZG84eg4i4rxTL7lsT0kMn9aLm9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you walked into the lab at MIT, Boxie would approach with its big, round black eyes wide open and ask you for help getting upstairs or going down the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben wanted to see how many people would help the robot. He wondered, could you build cheaper robots without legs that could get around with help from humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, one day, something happened that would change the course of Reben's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life.'\u003ccite>Judith Helfand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It started with a man walking into the lab and Boxie rolling up to greet him. \"I saw him from a distance, laying on the carpet in the middle of the lab talking to this robot on the ground,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man began to share his troubles with Boxie. He had never been to Boston before and he'd come to take part in the marathon. The man \"just started talking to this thing like it was another person,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man told the robot that he was supposed to go to Munich, but his flight was canceled because of a volcanic eruption in Iceland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation was a revelation for Reben. He realized that the characteristics that made people want to help Boxie also seduced them into talking with the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, it was cute and seemed vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben teamed up with another artist and filmmaker, Brent Hoff, to see whether they could design a robot that would make people want to open up. They carved a smile into its face. \"It's the perfect smile. It's kind of a Mona Lisa smile,\" Hoff says. \"It's open and engaging to make sure [it] was as nonjudgmental and nonthreatening as possible.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"2iIvqmnB8RUBK8Dpjga3ECr8rh8Wtlbk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They gave it the sweet voice of Hoff's 8-year-old son. And they taped him asking carefully chosen questions. \"There was some consideration of what are the deepest, most important questions we have as people,\" Hoff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It asked things like, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" or \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had a camera and a recorder inside it to catch the answers. They called the new robot \u003ca href=\"http://areben.com/project/blabdroid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BlabDroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea,\" says Hoff, \"is that there is not as much judgment in a robot asking you a question as a journalist\" would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoff says he doesn't know for sure whether that's true, but he wanted to find out. And so did I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We set up a loose experiment. I would ask people the same questions as BlabDroid and — like the robot — there wouldn't be any follow-up questions. We tried the experiment a few times: once at an art opening and once at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco; we also listened to responses BlabDroid had collected at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can click on the audio below to listen to the two examples. Try to guess whether the person was talking to me or the robot before you read further.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588054239\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588055297\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nThe first one is Nate Mazur, who was asked, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" He replies, \"My wife.\" Mazur opens up about the wonders of their relationship. He says he loves her most because of his \"ability to be with her, to be present with her. To respond and interact. ... She makes this a better world,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second example was Judith Helfand. She was asked, \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\" She broke into tears as she spoke about her dying mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would give my mother the gift of not worrying about me before she dies,\" Helfand says. \"She wants me to lose a ton of weight and get really, really healthy. And she needs to see that before she dies ... and I wish I could give her that and I'm not positive I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the answers are sincere and from the heart. Mazur spoke to me and Helfand was talking to BlabDroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helfand found something satisfying about talking to the machine. \"The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been over two years since her mother died. Helfand lost the weight, but she is struggling with her career. She thinks the robot would be helpful. \"Mediation really isn't really working for me,\" Helfand says. \"I can't seem to find the courage to sit and write down what my future plans are so that I can make them really happen.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"0QqjSUSqTOgQ0iX4yALrApbCEjnw9Xay\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/18/163098594/in-constant-digital-contact-we-feel-alone-together\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sherry Turkle\u003c/a>, a professor of science and technology at MIT, to listen to the responses. She couldn't tell whether people were talking to BlabDroid or me. Turkle has been studying human-machine relationships for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it really doesn't take much to get humans to open up to a robot. \"We are kind of cheap dates,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlabDroid — with its sweet voice, Mona Lisa smile and probing questions — is \"pushing in us a kind of Darwinian button,\" Turkle says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says robots don't even have to be cute. In her research she found a child who vented to Apple's Siri on an iPhone. Turkle says the child would vent on the phone about her anger toward her sister and her parents \"because, in person, she tries to always play the good daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkle says over time, the child wasn't happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was almost a feeling of abandonment,\" Turkle says. \"There's no place they can go after they get the confession.\" She says robots can't offer certain very human things — like care, conversation and empathy. \"And the robot cannot do that because the robot has not had a life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science-fiction author William Gibson once said, \"The future is already here; it's just not very evenly distributed yet.\" In Japan, robots are being used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/business/21731677-around-5000-nursing-care-homes-across-country-are-testing-robots-japan-embracing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">care for the elderly\u003c/a>. Men are having relationships with virtual women who exist only in a portable video game — even taking them out on dates. An American company has created \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-vegas-tipsy-robot-bar-20170704-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robot bartenders\u003c/a>. In the future, perhaps they will listen to our problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben knows there is a downside to social robots. But he also sees a place for them in the future. He thinks a cute robot might do a better job of getting people to answer survey questions or talk about embarrassing symptoms before seeing a doctor. Reben says \"people tend to be more honest because they don't feel embarrassed telling that to something that's not human.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an artist, what Reben hopes to accomplish with BlabDroid is to force us to think about the implications of bringing more robots into our society knowing full well that they are coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+We+Feel+More+Comfortable+Talking+To+A+Robot&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We spend a lot of time talking to Alexa and Siri. Imagine if such artificial personalities were put inside a cute, adorable robot. That's what Alexander Reben has done. The artist created what he saw as the perfect interview machine to see how much he could get people to reveal to the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben's experiments with human robot interactions began when he was working on his master's degree in robotics at MIT. He built a robot called \u003ca href=\"http://resenv.media.mit.edu/Boxie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boxie\u003c/a>. It was made of cardboard, about the size of a microwave oven, and rolled around like a toy tank.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you walked into the lab at MIT, Boxie would approach with its big, round black eyes wide open and ask you for help getting upstairs or going down the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben wanted to see how many people would help the robot. He wondered, could you build cheaper robots without legs that could get around with help from humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, one day, something happened that would change the course of Reben's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life.'\u003ccite>Judith Helfand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It started with a man walking into the lab and Boxie rolling up to greet him. \"I saw him from a distance, laying on the carpet in the middle of the lab talking to this robot on the ground,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man began to share his troubles with Boxie. He had never been to Boston before and he'd come to take part in the marathon. The man \"just started talking to this thing like it was another person,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man told the robot that he was supposed to go to Munich, but his flight was canceled because of a volcanic eruption in Iceland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation was a revelation for Reben. He realized that the characteristics that made people want to help Boxie also seduced them into talking with the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, it was cute and seemed vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben teamed up with another artist and filmmaker, Brent Hoff, to see whether they could design a robot that would make people want to open up. They carved a smile into its face. \"It's the perfect smile. It's kind of a Mona Lisa smile,\" Hoff says. \"It's open and engaging to make sure [it] was as nonjudgmental and nonthreatening as possible.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They gave it the sweet voice of Hoff's 8-year-old son. And they taped him asking carefully chosen questions. \"There was some consideration of what are the deepest, most important questions we have as people,\" Hoff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It asked things like, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" or \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had a camera and a recorder inside it to catch the answers. They called the new robot \u003ca href=\"http://areben.com/project/blabdroid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BlabDroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea,\" says Hoff, \"is that there is not as much judgment in a robot asking you a question as a journalist\" would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoff says he doesn't know for sure whether that's true, but he wanted to find out. And so did I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We set up a loose experiment. I would ask people the same questions as BlabDroid and — like the robot — there wouldn't be any follow-up questions. We tried the experiment a few times: once at an art opening and once at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco; we also listened to responses BlabDroid had collected at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can click on the audio below to listen to the two examples. Try to guess whether the person was talking to me or the robot before you read further.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588054239\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588055297\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nThe first one is Nate Mazur, who was asked, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" He replies, \"My wife.\" Mazur opens up about the wonders of their relationship. He says he loves her most because of his \"ability to be with her, to be present with her. To respond and interact. ... She makes this a better world,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second example was Judith Helfand. She was asked, \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\" She broke into tears as she spoke about her dying mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would give my mother the gift of not worrying about me before she dies,\" Helfand says. \"She wants me to lose a ton of weight and get really, really healthy. And she needs to see that before she dies ... and I wish I could give her that and I'm not positive I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the answers are sincere and from the heart. Mazur spoke to me and Helfand was talking to BlabDroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helfand found something satisfying about talking to the machine. \"The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been over two years since her mother died. Helfand lost the weight, but she is struggling with her career. She thinks the robot would be helpful. \"Mediation really isn't really working for me,\" Helfand says. \"I can't seem to find the courage to sit and write down what my future plans are so that I can make them really happen.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/18/163098594/in-constant-digital-contact-we-feel-alone-together\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sherry Turkle\u003c/a>, a professor of science and technology at MIT, to listen to the responses. She couldn't tell whether people were talking to BlabDroid or me. Turkle has been studying human-machine relationships for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it really doesn't take much to get humans to open up to a robot. \"We are kind of cheap dates,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlabDroid — with its sweet voice, Mona Lisa smile and probing questions — is \"pushing in us a kind of Darwinian button,\" Turkle says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says robots don't even have to be cute. In her research she found a child who vented to Apple's Siri on an iPhone. Turkle says the child would vent on the phone about her anger toward her sister and her parents \"because, in person, she tries to always play the good daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkle says over time, the child wasn't happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was almost a feeling of abandonment,\" Turkle says. \"There's no place they can go after they get the confession.\" She says robots can't offer certain very human things — like care, conversation and empathy. \"And the robot cannot do that because the robot has not had a life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science-fiction author William Gibson once said, \"The future is already here; it's just not very evenly distributed yet.\" In Japan, robots are being used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/business/21731677-around-5000-nursing-care-homes-across-country-are-testing-robots-japan-embracing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">care for the elderly\u003c/a>. Men are having relationships with virtual women who exist only in a portable video game — even taking them out on dates. An American company has created \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-vegas-tipsy-robot-bar-20170704-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robot bartenders\u003c/a>. In the future, perhaps they will listen to our problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben knows there is a downside to social robots. But he also sees a place for them in the future. He thinks a cute robot might do a better job of getting people to answer survey questions or talk about embarrassing symptoms before seeing a doctor. Reben says \"people tend to be more honest because they don't feel embarrassed telling that to something that's not human.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an artist, what Reben hopes to accomplish with BlabDroid is to force us to think about the implications of bringing more robots into our society knowing full well that they are coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+We+Feel+More+Comfortable+Talking+To+A+Robot&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What You Need to Know About Russia Memo Mania: Minority Report Edition",
"title": "What You Need to Know About Russia Memo Mania: Minority Report Edition",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After nearly a month of pronouncements, melodrama, headlines and strife, Round One of memo mania is finally complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Intelligence Committee Republicans \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/02/trump-formally-authorizes-congress-to-release-controversial-nunes-memo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">went first with their Feb. 2 salvo\u003c/a> that alleged \"biased\" FBI and Justice Department officials had abused their surveillance powers by withholding information from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Saturday, committee Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/24/congress-releases-redacted-declassified-democratic-memo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a rebuttal\u003c/a> giving their perspective on the story -- or at least part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One privilege enjoyed by Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes, a California Republican, is that his majority on the panel -- and the presence of allies in the executive branch -- meant he could arrange for his memo to be released swiftly and in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority response by ranking member Adam Schiff took weeks and was partly redacted, with large sections blacked out to conceal secret information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the countermemo is incomplete, it includes several points of interest that advance the never-ending story of the Russia imbroglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/588719252/588927243\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1.The FBI has corroborated parts of the Russia dossier\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The potential case that Donald Trump's campaign may have conspired with the Russian attack on the 2016 election has always been about more than the infamous dossier. Trump and his supporters deny colluding and make the dossier a favorite target because of its salacious contents and because it remained unverified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR and other news organizations have not detailed the contents of the dossier because it remains unproved, but Schiff's memo suggests that the Justice Department actually has corroborated parts of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6qetxHaDA8QagUpmBhtdYXYomHWsUsJL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which parts? That is blacked out. So there is no way to know whether it's some of the anodyne background aspects of the file -- or the more infamous passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the same, it is significant that the Justice Department has established for its own purposes that at least some of the contents of the dossier aren't either simply false or Russian disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. The feds collected \"valuable intelligence\" from Carter Page\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Onetime Trump adviser Carter Page is the main character of the dueling memos. For Republicans, he is a civil liberties martyr who was cruelly wronged by \"biased\" FBI and DoJ officials who duped a judge into authorizing intrusive surveillance against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff's memo makes a very different case. It not only cites Page's years-long flirtations with Russia's foreign intelligence service, the SVR, but highlights what it calls the worthwhile information yielded by spying on him. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act requires that warrants produce something. The FBI can't keep one going if the subject of the surveillance isn't talking with people of interest or involved with clandestine activities. Page evidently was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6Je6usAILrAHaGmpPiuOmGN3erIICJ9d\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why it was significant that Justice Department officials from the administration of President Obama and into that of President Trump, including Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, signed the applications to reauthorize the surveillance on Page. Although it was possible to surmise before that the spying was producing evidence, Schiff's memo confirms that explicitly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Court-approved surveillance of Page allowed FBI to collect valuable intelligence,\" it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did the feds learn? Those sections are blacked out. Phrases that do appear in this section, however, include \"repeatedly contacted\" and \"contradict his sworn testimony\" to the intelligence committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. The FBI investigated other people in Trump world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Page's case has become well known. So has the story of another junior foreign policy adviser to the Trump campaign, George Papadopoulos, who was importuned by Russian agents offering help to Trump. But the FBI has been investigating more people in the Trump camp, according to the Democrats' countermemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff's memo describes how material from the dossier didn't begin to reach the FBI unit running its counterintelligence investigation into Trump and Russia until seven weeks after it had begun its work. Then the memo says this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By then, the FBI had already opened sub-inquiries into [redacted] individuals linked to the Trump campaign: [redacted]\" and Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important for a few reasons. One, the wording of this passage suggests at least three or four subjects. Two, it doesn't seem to suggest that Trump himself was the subject of a \"sub-inquiry,\" verifying a defense he has offered several times. Three, it suggests these other people might have been the subject of government surveillance in addition to Page -- and that raises the question about whether the FBI might still be monitoring people in Trump's orbit today, including within his family or the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Republicans have not budged from their earlier attack\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schiff and Democrats use much of their memo to defend the FBI and Justice Department. The agencies made appropriate disclosures to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in asking to surveil Page, the Democrats argue, and Republicans' other attacks are \"irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes continues to argue they are, in fact, pretty relevant. His statement on Saturday continued to focus on what he called the abuse of power in Page's case, including what he said were the FBI's failures to give all the relevant information it had about the Democratic-underwritten dossier and Page's own record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mJ0iqWVScTJtufIj6XjXtqK6JKKiQBTM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The American people now clearly understand that the FBI used political dirt paid for by the Democratic Party to spy on an American citizen from the Republican Party,\" Nunes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House, meanwhile, complained that Democrats omitted in their memo that former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe had said that the dossier was the basis for the FISA application on Page. Schiff's memo does make its own case in that point and argues the FBI would have continued its investigation of the Russian attack and Page without the dossier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This back-and-forth is important because although the Russia imbroglio is moving on -- with new indictments brought by Justice Department special counsel Robert Mueller, new guilty pleas and other such developments -- the political attack lines, so far, have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. The template has been established for memo madness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more a game is played, the more adept teams become at its rules and strategies. Basketball defenders deliberately foul an opponent to force a free-throw. A manager brings up a left-handed reliever to pitch inside to a dangerous left-handed hitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican memo gambit and last weekend's Democratic riposte complete the first enactment of what could become a recurring sideshow inside Washington. The majority uses its control of the committee and its alliances inside the executive branch to release an unexpurgated file even if some of the relevant agencies object -- as the FBI and Justice objected to the release of the Nunes memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority can't twist the arms of the agencies controlled by its opponents and it can't get parity with the opening shot: Nunes' memo was released by lunchtime on a Friday following a week of extensive coverage. Schiff's memo came out with no preliminary fanfare on a Saturday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will this be the template for each game? Or will Nunes and Schiff take a different approach next time? And with the rules more or less set, how will other players respond? Round Two is already different: Nunes suggested he was preparing another memo about what he calls problems with President Obama's State Department. So a former State official wrote\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/devin-nunes-is-investigating-me-heres-the-truth/2018/02/08/cc621170-0cf4-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html?utm_term=.55757a11a921\"> a column in the Washington Post\u003c/a> that tried to short-circuit that attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Round One of memo v. countermemo now complete, the stage is now set for new permutations of the game that may last as long as the Russia saga itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+You+Need+To+Know+About+Russia+Memo+Mania%3A+Minority+Report+Edition&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "House Intelligence Committee Democrats have released a redacted version of their Russia countermemo. Here are five takeaways about Congress' saga of the dueling memoranda.",
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"title": "What You Need to Know About Russia Memo Mania: Minority Report Edition | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After nearly a month of pronouncements, melodrama, headlines and strife, Round One of memo mania is finally complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Intelligence Committee Republicans \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/02/trump-formally-authorizes-congress-to-release-controversial-nunes-memo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">went first with their Feb. 2 salvo\u003c/a> that alleged \"biased\" FBI and Justice Department officials had abused their surveillance powers by withholding information from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Saturday, committee Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/24/congress-releases-redacted-declassified-democratic-memo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a rebuttal\u003c/a> giving their perspective on the story -- or at least part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One privilege enjoyed by Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes, a California Republican, is that his majority on the panel -- and the presence of allies in the executive branch -- meant he could arrange for his memo to be released swiftly and in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority response by ranking member Adam Schiff took weeks and was partly redacted, with large sections blacked out to conceal secret information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the countermemo is incomplete, it includes several points of interest that advance the never-ending story of the Russia imbroglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/588719252/588927243\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1.The FBI has corroborated parts of the Russia dossier\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The potential case that Donald Trump's campaign may have conspired with the Russian attack on the 2016 election has always been about more than the infamous dossier. Trump and his supporters deny colluding and make the dossier a favorite target because of its salacious contents and because it remained unverified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR and other news organizations have not detailed the contents of the dossier because it remains unproved, but Schiff's memo suggests that the Justice Department actually has corroborated parts of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which parts? That is blacked out. So there is no way to know whether it's some of the anodyne background aspects of the file -- or the more infamous passages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the same, it is significant that the Justice Department has established for its own purposes that at least some of the contents of the dossier aren't either simply false or Russian disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. The feds collected \"valuable intelligence\" from Carter Page\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Onetime Trump adviser Carter Page is the main character of the dueling memos. For Republicans, he is a civil liberties martyr who was cruelly wronged by \"biased\" FBI and DoJ officials who duped a judge into authorizing intrusive surveillance against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff's memo makes a very different case. It not only cites Page's years-long flirtations with Russia's foreign intelligence service, the SVR, but highlights what it calls the worthwhile information yielded by spying on him. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act requires that warrants produce something. The FBI can't keep one going if the subject of the surveillance isn't talking with people of interest or involved with clandestine activities. Page evidently was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why it was significant that Justice Department officials from the administration of President Obama and into that of President Trump, including Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, signed the applications to reauthorize the surveillance on Page. Although it was possible to surmise before that the spying was producing evidence, Schiff's memo confirms that explicitly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Court-approved surveillance of Page allowed FBI to collect valuable intelligence,\" it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did the feds learn? Those sections are blacked out. Phrases that do appear in this section, however, include \"repeatedly contacted\" and \"contradict his sworn testimony\" to the intelligence committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. The FBI investigated other people in Trump world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Page's case has become well known. So has the story of another junior foreign policy adviser to the Trump campaign, George Papadopoulos, who was importuned by Russian agents offering help to Trump. But the FBI has been investigating more people in the Trump camp, according to the Democrats' countermemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff's memo describes how material from the dossier didn't begin to reach the FBI unit running its counterintelligence investigation into Trump and Russia until seven weeks after it had begun its work. Then the memo says this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By then, the FBI had already opened sub-inquiries into [redacted] individuals linked to the Trump campaign: [redacted]\" and Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is important for a few reasons. One, the wording of this passage suggests at least three or four subjects. Two, it doesn't seem to suggest that Trump himself was the subject of a \"sub-inquiry,\" verifying a defense he has offered several times. Three, it suggests these other people might have been the subject of government surveillance in addition to Page -- and that raises the question about whether the FBI might still be monitoring people in Trump's orbit today, including within his family or the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Republicans have not budged from their earlier attack\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schiff and Democrats use much of their memo to defend the FBI and Justice Department. The agencies made appropriate disclosures to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in asking to surveil Page, the Democrats argue, and Republicans' other attacks are \"irrelevant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes continues to argue they are, in fact, pretty relevant. His statement on Saturday continued to focus on what he called the abuse of power in Page's case, including what he said were the FBI's failures to give all the relevant information it had about the Democratic-underwritten dossier and Page's own record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The American people now clearly understand that the FBI used political dirt paid for by the Democratic Party to spy on an American citizen from the Republican Party,\" Nunes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House, meanwhile, complained that Democrats omitted in their memo that former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe had said that the dossier was the basis for the FISA application on Page. Schiff's memo does make its own case in that point and argues the FBI would have continued its investigation of the Russian attack and Page without the dossier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This back-and-forth is important because although the Russia imbroglio is moving on -- with new indictments brought by Justice Department special counsel Robert Mueller, new guilty pleas and other such developments -- the political attack lines, so far, have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. The template has been established for memo madness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more a game is played, the more adept teams become at its rules and strategies. Basketball defenders deliberately foul an opponent to force a free-throw. A manager brings up a left-handed reliever to pitch inside to a dangerous left-handed hitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican memo gambit and last weekend's Democratic riposte complete the first enactment of what could become a recurring sideshow inside Washington. The majority uses its control of the committee and its alliances inside the executive branch to release an unexpurgated file even if some of the relevant agencies object -- as the FBI and Justice objected to the release of the Nunes memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority can't twist the arms of the agencies controlled by its opponents and it can't get parity with the opening shot: Nunes' memo was released by lunchtime on a Friday following a week of extensive coverage. Schiff's memo came out with no preliminary fanfare on a Saturday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will this be the template for each game? Or will Nunes and Schiff take a different approach next time? And with the rules more or less set, how will other players respond? Round Two is already different: Nunes suggested he was preparing another memo about what he calls problems with President Obama's State Department. So a former State official wrote\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/devin-nunes-is-investigating-me-heres-the-truth/2018/02/08/cc621170-0cf4-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html?utm_term=.55757a11a921\"> a column in the Washington Post\u003c/a> that tried to short-circuit that attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Round One of memo v. countermemo now complete, the stage is now set for new permutations of the game that may last as long as the Russia saga itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+You+Need+To+Know+About+Russia+Memo+Mania%3A+Minority+Report+Edition&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "trump-administration-restricts-h-1b-worker-visas-coveted-by-high-tech",
"title": "Trump Administration Restricts H-1B Worker Visas Coveted By High Tech",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is tightening the rules for companies that contract out high-skilled workers who are in this country on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services agency issued a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2018/2018-02-22-PM-602-0157-Contracts-and-Itineraries-Requirements-for-H-1B.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">policy memo\u003c/a> on Thursday that requires “detailed statements of work or work orders” about the work that will be performed when an H-1B visa worker is employed at a third-party work site. Employers will have to file more details that support the need for foreign talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-1B visas are controversial. American tech companies use them to hire highly skilled foreign workers, such as engineers, IT specialists, architects among others, in situations in which they say there is a shortage of U.S.-born talent. The visas are good for three years and renewable for another three-year term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2017/02/23/h1b-visas-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics\u003c/a> of the visas — 85,000 of which are issued every year — say American workers are aced out of competition with workers who can be paid less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/technology/h1b-visa-abuse/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, “Indian outsourcing firms will be the hardest hit. Indian workers receive more than 70% of all H-1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS memo says that if a visa beneficiary will be placed at one or more third-party worksites, the employer “has specific and non-speculative qualifying assignments in a specialty occupation for the beneficiary for the entire time requested in the petition; and the employer will maintain an employer-employee relationship with the beneficiary for the duration of the requested validity period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo says USCIS recognizes that visa-holders may wind up earning less money than promised or might perform “non-specialty” jobs when they are contracted out to third-party worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy change comes as the Trump administration has signaled its desire to change the visa program with a “Buy American, Hire American” policy outlined in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> signed in April 2017. The order promised to root out fraud and abuse in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/23/trump-administration-announces-more-h-1b-restrictions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, the H-1B program has come under intense federal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A Bay Area News Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/20/h-1b-visas-how-the-trump-administration-is-freaking-people-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report earlier this week\u003c/a> found a sharp rise in the number of reviews immigration officials were conducting on H-1B applications. From January to August 2017, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services sent 85,265 requests for evidence in response to H-1B visa applications, a 45 percent increase compared to the same period a year earlier, agency data show. Such requests are made when an application is missing required documents or when the agency determines it needs more proof to decide if a worker is eligible for the visa. Immigration lawyers say the extra enforcement could discourage companies and individuals from seeking an H-1B visa in the first place.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Restricts+H-1B+Worker+Visas+Coveted+By+High+Tech&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is tightening the rules for companies that contract out high-skilled workers who are in this country on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services agency issued a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2018/2018-02-22-PM-602-0157-Contracts-and-Itineraries-Requirements-for-H-1B.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">policy memo\u003c/a> on Thursday that requires “detailed statements of work or work orders” about the work that will be performed when an H-1B visa worker is employed at a third-party work site. Employers will have to file more details that support the need for foreign talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-1B visas are controversial. American tech companies use them to hire highly skilled foreign workers, such as engineers, IT specialists, architects among others, in situations in which they say there is a shortage of U.S.-born talent. The visas are good for three years and renewable for another three-year term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2017/02/23/h1b-visas-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics\u003c/a> of the visas — 85,000 of which are issued every year — say American workers are aced out of competition with workers who can be paid less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/technology/h1b-visa-abuse/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, “Indian outsourcing firms will be the hardest hit. Indian workers receive more than 70% of all H-1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS memo says that if a visa beneficiary will be placed at one or more third-party worksites, the employer “has specific and non-speculative qualifying assignments in a specialty occupation for the beneficiary for the entire time requested in the petition; and the employer will maintain an employer-employee relationship with the beneficiary for the duration of the requested validity period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo says USCIS recognizes that visa-holders may wind up earning less money than promised or might perform “non-specialty” jobs when they are contracted out to third-party worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy change comes as the Trump administration has signaled its desire to change the visa program with a “Buy American, Hire American” policy outlined in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> signed in April 2017. The order promised to root out fraud and abuse in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/23/trump-administration-announces-more-h-1b-restrictions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, the H-1B program has come under intense federal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A Bay Area News Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/20/h-1b-visas-how-the-trump-administration-is-freaking-people-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report earlier this week\u003c/a> found a sharp rise in the number of reviews immigration officials were conducting on H-1B applications. From January to August 2017, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services sent 85,265 requests for evidence in response to H-1B visa applications, a 45 percent increase compared to the same period a year earlier, agency data show. Such requests are made when an application is missing required documents or when the agency determines it needs more proof to decide if a worker is eligible for the visa. Immigration lawyers say the extra enforcement could discourage companies and individuals from seeking an H-1B visa in the first place.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Restricts+H-1B+Worker+Visas+Coveted+By+High+Tech&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Updated at 3:10 p.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Gates, the business partner of Donald Trump’s former campaign chairman Paul Manafort, pleaded guilty on Friday to two charges and will begin cooperating with federal prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates appeared in federal court on Friday afternoon. He told Judge Amy Berman Jackson he was making the plea of his own free will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. sentencing guidelines Gates could get between four and six years in prison, but prosecutors said they would consider Gates’ cooperation with their investigation and could later ask the court to be lenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to new court documents filed in the case, Gates has pleaded guilty to two charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is conspiracy against the United States for “impeding, impairing, obstructing and defeating the lawful governmental functions of a government agency, namely” the Justice Department and the Treasury Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second is making false statements. According to court documents, Gates lied to the special counsel and the FBI on Feb. 1 about a meeting that took place in March 2013 attended by Manafort, a “senior lobbyist” who is unnamed and a member of Congress who is unnamed. [contextly_sidebar id=”X0Lx6zXTcQpMJxfhx4EJprztlAevzI8r”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates has acknowledged lying about being told by Manafort that there were no discussions about Ukraine at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guilty plea followed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/22/588091558/mueller-brings-more-charges-against-manafort-gates\">new indictment from Thursday evening\u003c/a> in which prosecutors leveled even more charges against Manafort and Gates than they had been facing before. The two men were accused of laundering millions of dollars from overseas, hiding money from the IRS and other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort plans to continue fighting the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Notwithstanding that Rick Gates pled today, I continue to maintain my innocence,” he said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continued Manafort: “I had hoped and expected my business colleague would have had the strength to continue the battle to prove our innocence. For reasons yet to surface he chose to do otherwise. This does not alter my commitment to defend myself against the untrue piled up charges contained in the indictments against me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Manafort nor Gates has been charged with conspiring with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">Russia’s attack on the 2016 election\u003c/a>. Gates’ change in plea, however, raises the prospect that Manafort’s legal situation also could change again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors could use testimony from Gates to make what would be essentially a case against Manafort for colluding with the 2016 Russian election interference effort, if there is one to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates’ evidence may increase the likelihood of a conviction on the charges already leveled against Manafort. Gates also could have additional information about Manafort that could result in new charges against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that Manafort and his lawyers, cognizant of these perils, might change his plea and ask for their own deal with prosecutors. If that happened the special counsel’s office might ask Manafort to give evidence about other people in the Trump campaign orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rick+Gates+Pleads+Guilty+And+Begins+Cooperating+With+Mueller+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Updated at 3:10 p.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Gates, the business partner of Donald Trump’s former campaign chairman Paul Manafort, pleaded guilty on Friday to two charges and will begin cooperating with federal prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates appeared in federal court on Friday afternoon. He told Judge Amy Berman Jackson he was making the plea of his own free will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. sentencing guidelines Gates could get between four and six years in prison, but prosecutors said they would consider Gates’ cooperation with their investigation and could later ask the court to be lenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to new court documents filed in the case, Gates has pleaded guilty to two charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is conspiracy against the United States for “impeding, impairing, obstructing and defeating the lawful governmental functions of a government agency, namely” the Justice Department and the Treasury Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second is making false statements. According to court documents, Gates lied to the special counsel and the FBI on Feb. 1 about a meeting that took place in March 2013 attended by Manafort, a “senior lobbyist” who is unnamed and a member of Congress who is unnamed. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates has acknowledged lying about being told by Manafort that there were no discussions about Ukraine at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guilty plea followed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/22/588091558/mueller-brings-more-charges-against-manafort-gates\">new indictment from Thursday evening\u003c/a> in which prosecutors leveled even more charges against Manafort and Gates than they had been facing before. The two men were accused of laundering millions of dollars from overseas, hiding money from the IRS and other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort plans to continue fighting the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Notwithstanding that Rick Gates pled today, I continue to maintain my innocence,” he said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continued Manafort: “I had hoped and expected my business colleague would have had the strength to continue the battle to prove our innocence. For reasons yet to surface he chose to do otherwise. This does not alter my commitment to defend myself against the untrue piled up charges contained in the indictments against me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Manafort nor Gates has been charged with conspiring with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">Russia’s attack on the 2016 election\u003c/a>. Gates’ change in plea, however, raises the prospect that Manafort’s legal situation also could change again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors could use testimony from Gates to make what would be essentially a case against Manafort for colluding with the 2016 Russian election interference effort, if there is one to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates’ evidence may increase the likelihood of a conviction on the charges already leveled against Manafort. Gates also could have additional information about Manafort that could result in new charges against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that Manafort and his lawyers, cognizant of these perils, might change his plea and ask for their own deal with prosecutors. If that happened the special counsel’s office might ask Manafort to give evidence about other people in the Trump campaign orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rick+Gates+Pleads+Guilty+And+Begins+Cooperating+With+Mueller+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury unveiled new charges on Thursday against Donald Trump's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort and his business associate Rick Gates, accusing them of a broader range of financial crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-count indictment filed in the Eastern District of Virginia includes numerous tax and bank fraud charges. Manafort and Gates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/30/560786546/grand-jury-approves-first-charges-in-muellers-russia-investigation\">already faced money laundering and other charges\u003c/a> in federal court in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/588091558/588123132\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges unsealed Thursday compound both Manafort and Gates' already immense legal troubles, and may be an attempt by special counsel Robert Mueller's team to squeeze the men further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sources have told NPR in recent weeks that Gates, who is now struggling to pay his mounting legal fees, may be in the process of negotiating a guilty plea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7c9II4ppZ0tObIi0UMlfqakk6JkpNAU3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort and Gates are two of the most prominent members of Trump's former campaign to face criminal charges as part of the special counsel's investigation into possible coordination between Trump associates and Russia's attack on the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former national security adviser Michael Flynn and former campaign foreign policy aide George Papadopoulos have both pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about their contacts with Russians. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Mueller's office \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">unveiled charges\u003c/a> against 13 Russian nationals and three Russian entities for their alleged role in the Kremlin's interference operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"V5x0zNQiQ1hbDy38jOvjNn9n9aK81ze7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges Manafort and Gates face, on the other hand, stem from political consulting work they did for a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine — and allegedly attempting to shield their earnings from that work from U.S. authorities. Many of the alleged crimes date back to years to before the 2016 campaign, but some continued past election day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges do not include allegations that either man colluded with a foreign attack on the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its court filing Thursday, the special counsel's office said it brought the new charges before the grand jury in the Eastern District of Virginia because \"our current evidence venue for these charges does not exist in the district of Columbia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"8NNguftSzFzkWAAu4cOAaOsL2egYc7LA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new indictment, which was widely expected, appeared amid questions about Gates' legal team. His lawyers have requested to withdraw from the case. Gates said in court papers filed Thursday that he does not oppose their departure and that he has new counsel, Thomas C. Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest developments in the Russia case also follow guilty plea from a London-based laywer, Alex van der Zwaan, who was an associate of Gates. Van der Zwaan, a Dutch citizen who is the son-in-law of one of Russia's richest men, pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mueller+Brings+More+Charges+Against+Manafort%2C+Gates&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury unveiled new charges on Thursday against Donald Trump's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort and his business associate Rick Gates, accusing them of a broader range of financial crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-count indictment filed in the Eastern District of Virginia includes numerous tax and bank fraud charges. Manafort and Gates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/30/560786546/grand-jury-approves-first-charges-in-muellers-russia-investigation\">already faced money laundering and other charges\u003c/a> in federal court in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/588091558/588123132\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges unsealed Thursday compound both Manafort and Gates' already immense legal troubles, and may be an attempt by special counsel Robert Mueller's team to squeeze the men further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sources have told NPR in recent weeks that Gates, who is now struggling to pay his mounting legal fees, may be in the process of negotiating a guilty plea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort and Gates are two of the most prominent members of Trump's former campaign to face criminal charges as part of the special counsel's investigation into possible coordination between Trump associates and Russia's attack on the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former national security adviser Michael Flynn and former campaign foreign policy aide George Papadopoulos have both pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about their contacts with Russians. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Mueller's office \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">unveiled charges\u003c/a> against 13 Russian nationals and three Russian entities for their alleged role in the Kremlin's interference operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges Manafort and Gates face, on the other hand, stem from political consulting work they did for a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine — and allegedly attempting to shield their earnings from that work from U.S. authorities. Many of the alleged crimes date back to years to before the 2016 campaign, but some continued past election day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges do not include allegations that either man colluded with a foreign attack on the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its court filing Thursday, the special counsel's office said it brought the new charges before the grand jury in the Eastern District of Virginia because \"our current evidence venue for these charges does not exist in the district of Columbia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new indictment, which was widely expected, appeared amid questions about Gates' legal team. His lawyers have requested to withdraw from the case. Gates said in court papers filed Thursday that he does not oppose their departure and that he has new counsel, Thomas C. Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest developments in the Russia case also follow guilty plea from a London-based laywer, Alex van der Zwaan, who was an associate of Gates. Van der Zwaan, a Dutch citizen who is the son-in-law of one of Russia's richest men, pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mueller+Brings+More+Charges+Against+Manafort%2C+Gates&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "FCC Takes Another Step Toward Repeal of Net Neutrality",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission is working toward officially taking current net neutrality rules off the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency took the requisite formal step of \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/22/2018-03464/restoring-internet-freedom\">publishing the rules\u003c/a> on Thursday, opening the door for lawsuits from a number of state attorneys general and advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats have also been pushing for a special congressional vote to block regulations from going into effect, but have so far been one vote short of overcoming the Republican majority. A similar vote would also face a very high hurdle in the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1iKDMxK0I7NHc68M1i4m2nJeJMayC1Js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pushback follows the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/fcc-repeals-net-neutrality-rules-for-internet-providers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December vote\u003c/a> by the Republican-led FCC to repeal Obama-era net neutrality rules, which limit the power of internet service providers to influence loading speeds for specific websites or apps. The repeal can't take effect until the Office of Management and Budget completes a review of the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has reported, \"the rules, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389259382/net-neutrality-up-for-vote-today-by-fcc-board\">put in place in 2015\u003c/a>, banned cable and telecom companies from blocking or slowing down any websites or apps. They also prohibited broadband providers from striking special deals that would give some websites or apps 'priority' over others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587896608/587918406\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC's repeal will allow both blocking and throttling by internet providers, leaving one requirement intact: that broadband companies — such as Comcast, Verizon and AT&T — have to disclose to users how they handle web traffic. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has said the Federal Trade Commission should then police violations. The FTC does not pre-emptively regulate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadband companies have said they do not intend to block, slow down or prioritize any web traffic as a result of the FCC's repeal, arguing that it's not in their interest to upset and potentially drive away subscribers. Nevertheless, net neutrality supporters say the repeal will allow broadband companies to act as gatekeepers of how people use the internet -- for example, empowering internet providers to prioritize their own video-streaming services over competitors'.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Eh8DCZhmuv1REaBaj6EsJVT7X4QYOnqO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of more than 20 state attorneys and several advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/16/more-than-20-states-are-suing-the-federal-communications-commission-over-its-net-neutrality-decision/?utm_term=.38c16f00fe52\">had already begun\u003c/a> the process of challenging the FCC in court in previous weeks. Now that the rules are officially published, the supporters of net neutrality are starting to refile their formal lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenges have the support of groups and internet companies, including the ACLU, Fight for the Future, Public Knowledge, Reddit, Vimeo, Tumblr and Mozilla. The Internet Association, which represents companies such as Google and Facebook, has also opposed the FCC's repeal of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: NPR's legal counsel had filed comments with the FCC on behalf of the public radio system, opposing the repeal of the 2015 net neutrality rules. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FCC+Takes+Another+Step+Toward+Repeal+Of+Net+Neutrality&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The agency has formally published the order to undo net neutrality rules, which opens the door for lawsuits by state attorneys general and others. Congress could also decide to block the repeal.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission is working toward officially taking current net neutrality rules off the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency took the requisite formal step of \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/22/2018-03464/restoring-internet-freedom\">publishing the rules\u003c/a> on Thursday, opening the door for lawsuits from a number of state attorneys general and advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats have also been pushing for a special congressional vote to block regulations from going into effect, but have so far been one vote short of overcoming the Republican majority. A similar vote would also face a very high hurdle in the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pushback follows the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/fcc-repeals-net-neutrality-rules-for-internet-providers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December vote\u003c/a> by the Republican-led FCC to repeal Obama-era net neutrality rules, which limit the power of internet service providers to influence loading speeds for specific websites or apps. The repeal can't take effect until the Office of Management and Budget completes a review of the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has reported, \"the rules, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389259382/net-neutrality-up-for-vote-today-by-fcc-board\">put in place in 2015\u003c/a>, banned cable and telecom companies from blocking or slowing down any websites or apps. They also prohibited broadband providers from striking special deals that would give some websites or apps 'priority' over others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587896608/587918406\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC's repeal will allow both blocking and throttling by internet providers, leaving one requirement intact: that broadband companies — such as Comcast, Verizon and AT&T — have to disclose to users how they handle web traffic. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has said the Federal Trade Commission should then police violations. The FTC does not pre-emptively regulate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadband companies have said they do not intend to block, slow down or prioritize any web traffic as a result of the FCC's repeal, arguing that it's not in their interest to upset and potentially drive away subscribers. Nevertheless, net neutrality supporters say the repeal will allow broadband companies to act as gatekeepers of how people use the internet -- for example, empowering internet providers to prioritize their own video-streaming services over competitors'.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of more than 20 state attorneys and several advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/16/more-than-20-states-are-suing-the-federal-communications-commission-over-its-net-neutrality-decision/?utm_term=.38c16f00fe52\">had already begun\u003c/a> the process of challenging the FCC in court in previous weeks. Now that the rules are officially published, the supporters of net neutrality are starting to refile their formal lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenges have the support of groups and internet companies, including the ACLU, Fight for the Future, Public Knowledge, Reddit, Vimeo, Tumblr and Mozilla. The Internet Association, which represents companies such as Google and Facebook, has also opposed the FCC's repeal of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: NPR's legal counsel had filed comments with the FCC on behalf of the public radio system, opposing the repeal of the 2015 net neutrality rules. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FCC+Takes+Another+Step+Toward+Repeal+Of+Net+Neutrality&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Could Be Coming Next in Robert Mueller's Russia Investigation",
"title": "What Could Be Coming Next in Robert Mueller's Russia Investigation",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Justice Department special counsel Robert Mueller seldom leaves any doubt about where he's been — as with the detailed investigative tale he told on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">in the latest indictments brought by his office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each new move, however, always raises questions about where he might be headed next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR Justice Correspondent Carrie Johnson sat down with the host of NPR's \u003cem>Embedded\u003c/em> podcast, Kelly McEvers, to look at what Mueller's track record could reveal about the possible outcomes of the investigation. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510311/embedded\">Listen to the full episode here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587305198/587375792\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A presidential interview\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's been considerable speculation over whether or not the special counsel will interview President Trump under oath. Lawyers inside the White House are negotiating terms with Mueller's office. Last month, the president told reporters he was \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/25/580577168/trump-tells-reporters-hes-willing-to-talk-to-mueller-under-oath\">looking forward to it.\u003c/a>\" As far as we know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/07/583931871/president-trump-has-yet-to-sit-down-with-special-counsel-mueller\">it has not taken place so far\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several ways it might happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, if the president sits for a voluntary interview, he could do so in the White House, with his lawyers already having struck a deal around permitted topics of questioning. Trump's lawyers could be present, issuing objections and guiding the conversation. This scenario, however, could still present pitfalls for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if he didn't do anything wrong — anything at all — if the president were to misstate something or make an intentionally false statement, he could create a legal problem for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the president refuses the voluntary sit-down option, the special counsel team could issue a grand jury subpoena in an effort to force Trump to appear at a federal courthouse – and that could be a historic spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TggOGkX5ANl8Bb0kPqGWcq8fEA4ex1GY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are numerous downsides for the president in this scenario. Trump would have to appear before the jury alone. The president also would have to take an oath before a jury, without any lawyers by his side. That has the potential to go south for any witness, let alone the president of United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president could, in fact, resist both options and simply refuse to talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everybody has constitutional rights. One of them is the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent. Declining an interview might be political suicide for most politicians, but Donald Trump is not most politicians. It's not clear whether his base of supporters would be bothered if he decided to \"take five,\" as courthouse insiders say — especially since Trump has said he wants to talk and might be in a position to blame his lawyers for the decision if he doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mueller's findings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what Mueller does or does not discover, it's not clear what might become of his findings. As a special counsel — not an independent counsel, which both Archibald Cox and Kenneth Starr were when they investigated President Nixon and President Clinton — Mueller has \"less formal independence,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe\">as NPR reported last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/967231/download\">Mueller was appointed by\u003c/a> and directly reports to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/03/02/518198749/attorney-general-sessions-to-recuse-himself-from-any-trump-campaign-investigatio\">recused himself\u003c/a> in March from all matters relating to Russian election interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever Mueller concludes his investigation, he will likely issue a report to Rosenstein, who will be the one to ultimately decide what the world learns of it. It's not clear whether that report would become public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9brQ5jpxbzcKdHNUDHQoYxXV97BJe9cE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein has had a lot of power since May 2017, when he appointed Mueller. He's going to continue to have a lot of power over what the public learns about what Mueller is doing until Mueller's work is done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thorny legal issues around what from the report could go public. For instance, evidence obtained via a grand jury could be subject to grand jury secrecy rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Mueller were to uncover damning information about Trump or his staff but did not seek to bring charges against them, supporters would cry foul if Rosenstein revealed the findings anyway. That's what happened before: Rosenstein criticized former FBI Director James Comey's decision to discuss Hillary Clinton's email controversy without bringing charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The director ignored another longstanding principle: we do not hold press conferences to release derogatory information about the subject of a declined criminal investigation,\" Rosenstein \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3711116/White-House-Fires-James-Comey.pdf\">wrote in May in a memo\u003c/a> released on the day of Comey's firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ri5Mxji2CI6LJnzf1PXhyc8Rclzj5UQr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In trying to assess whether or not Rosenstein or Mueller are likely to make splashy disclosures, it is worth considering their temperaments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are careful guys. They're going to think about the Justice Department and the FBI as institutions, and how to preserve the integrity of those institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress, however, can do whatever it wants. Even if official disclosure from the Justice Department is limited, lawmakers on Capitol Hill may haul up senior DOJ leadership and maybe even Mueller to talk about what he did or didn't do and why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impeachment? Indictment? Not so fast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>People on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/am-joy/watch/trump-impeachment-trump-impeachment-could-happen-1142177347703\">left\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/01/03/michael-goodwin-democrats-will-run-on-impeachment-in-2018-and-that-will-only-help-trump.html\">right\u003c/a> have both asked -- for different reasons -- whether Mueller's investigation could lead to Trump's impeachment or even indictment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, no one knows the answer, and it could be months or years before one comes into focus. One thing that is clear now: the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/olc/opinions/2000/10/31/op-olc-v024-p0222_0.pdf\">has determined\u003c/a> that a sitting president cannot be indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for Trump to face indictment in the near term, he would need to face impeachment first. That would require the House of Representatives to receive material from Mueller via the Justice Department, accept it and act on it. The Senate would then have to try Trump and vote on whether to remove him from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ds30mYTLUvU9mTh1YnisQtX8YmUeFz8t\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republicans who control Congress today appear unlikely to go along with any of this. But some of them -- and allies such as former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon -- have picked up the impeachment thread in their own campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Sen. Ted Cruz invoked the I-word in warning about what he called an immigration proposal that was too liberal for most Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mark my words, if Republican majorities in Congress pass citizenship for millions of people, an amnesty, I think it is quite likely we will lose both houses of Congress and Speaker Nancy Pelosi will impeach President Trump,\" \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/373995-cruz-trumps-immigration-proposal-is-more-liberal-than-obamas\">Cruz said.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer have downplayed the impeachment storyline, saying they'd have more urgent priorities if Democrats retake control of Congress. Meanwhile, however, billionaire Democratic backer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/10/569716809/democrats-weigh-the-political-risks-of-calling-for-trumps-impeachment\">Tom Steyer is running his own public campaign\u003c/a> on behalf of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever happens, Mueller's team has demonstrated an amazing ability to hold information tightly. His attorneys and investigators may be the only people who have a complete sense of what's coming next in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Could+Be+Coming+Next+In+Robert+Mueller%27s+Russia+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Justice Department special counsel Robert Mueller seldom leaves any doubt about where he's been — as with the detailed investigative tale he told on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/16/586500591/grand-jury-indicts-russians-linked-to-interference-in-2016-election\">in the latest indictments brought by his office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each new move, however, always raises questions about where he might be headed next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR Justice Correspondent Carrie Johnson sat down with the host of NPR's \u003cem>Embedded\u003c/em> podcast, Kelly McEvers, to look at what Mueller's track record could reveal about the possible outcomes of the investigation. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510311/embedded\">Listen to the full episode here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587305198/587375792\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A presidential interview\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's been considerable speculation over whether or not the special counsel will interview President Trump under oath. Lawyers inside the White House are negotiating terms with Mueller's office. Last month, the president told reporters he was \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/25/580577168/trump-tells-reporters-hes-willing-to-talk-to-mueller-under-oath\">looking forward to it.\u003c/a>\" As far as we know, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/07/583931871/president-trump-has-yet-to-sit-down-with-special-counsel-mueller\">it has not taken place so far\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several ways it might happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, if the president sits for a voluntary interview, he could do so in the White House, with his lawyers already having struck a deal around permitted topics of questioning. Trump's lawyers could be present, issuing objections and guiding the conversation. This scenario, however, could still present pitfalls for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if he didn't do anything wrong — anything at all — if the president were to misstate something or make an intentionally false statement, he could create a legal problem for himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the president refuses the voluntary sit-down option, the special counsel team could issue a grand jury subpoena in an effort to force Trump to appear at a federal courthouse – and that could be a historic spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are numerous downsides for the president in this scenario. Trump would have to appear before the jury alone. The president also would have to take an oath before a jury, without any lawyers by his side. That has the potential to go south for any witness, let alone the president of United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president could, in fact, resist both options and simply refuse to talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everybody has constitutional rights. One of them is the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent. Declining an interview might be political suicide for most politicians, but Donald Trump is not most politicians. It's not clear whether his base of supporters would be bothered if he decided to \"take five,\" as courthouse insiders say — especially since Trump has said he wants to talk and might be in a position to blame his lawyers for the decision if he doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mueller's findings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what Mueller does or does not discover, it's not clear what might become of his findings. As a special counsel — not an independent counsel, which both Archibald Cox and Kenneth Starr were when they investigated President Nixon and President Clinton — Mueller has \"less formal independence,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe\">as NPR reported last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/967231/download\">Mueller was appointed by\u003c/a> and directly reports to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/03/02/518198749/attorney-general-sessions-to-recuse-himself-from-any-trump-campaign-investigatio\">recused himself\u003c/a> in March from all matters relating to Russian election interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever Mueller concludes his investigation, he will likely issue a report to Rosenstein, who will be the one to ultimately decide what the world learns of it. It's not clear whether that report would become public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein has had a lot of power since May 2017, when he appointed Mueller. He's going to continue to have a lot of power over what the public learns about what Mueller is doing until Mueller's work is done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thorny legal issues around what from the report could go public. For instance, evidence obtained via a grand jury could be subject to grand jury secrecy rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Mueller were to uncover damning information about Trump or his staff but did not seek to bring charges against them, supporters would cry foul if Rosenstein revealed the findings anyway. That's what happened before: Rosenstein criticized former FBI Director James Comey's decision to discuss Hillary Clinton's email controversy without bringing charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The director ignored another longstanding principle: we do not hold press conferences to release derogatory information about the subject of a declined criminal investigation,\" Rosenstein \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3711116/White-House-Fires-James-Comey.pdf\">wrote in May in a memo\u003c/a> released on the day of Comey's firing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In trying to assess whether or not Rosenstein or Mueller are likely to make splashy disclosures, it is worth considering their temperaments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are careful guys. They're going to think about the Justice Department and the FBI as institutions, and how to preserve the integrity of those institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress, however, can do whatever it wants. Even if official disclosure from the Justice Department is limited, lawmakers on Capitol Hill may haul up senior DOJ leadership and maybe even Mueller to talk about what he did or didn't do and why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impeachment? Indictment? Not so fast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>People on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/am-joy/watch/trump-impeachment-trump-impeachment-could-happen-1142177347703\">left\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/01/03/michael-goodwin-democrats-will-run-on-impeachment-in-2018-and-that-will-only-help-trump.html\">right\u003c/a> have both asked -- for different reasons -- whether Mueller's investigation could lead to Trump's impeachment or even indictment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, no one knows the answer, and it could be months or years before one comes into focus. One thing that is clear now: the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/olc/opinions/2000/10/31/op-olc-v024-p0222_0.pdf\">has determined\u003c/a> that a sitting president cannot be indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for Trump to face indictment in the near term, he would need to face impeachment first. That would require the House of Representatives to receive material from Mueller via the Justice Department, accept it and act on it. The Senate would then have to try Trump and vote on whether to remove him from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republicans who control Congress today appear unlikely to go along with any of this. But some of them -- and allies such as former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon -- have picked up the impeachment thread in their own campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Sen. Ted Cruz invoked the I-word in warning about what he called an immigration proposal that was too liberal for most Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mark my words, if Republican majorities in Congress pass citizenship for millions of people, an amnesty, I think it is quite likely we will lose both houses of Congress and Speaker Nancy Pelosi will impeach President Trump,\" \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/373995-cruz-trumps-immigration-proposal-is-more-liberal-than-obamas\">Cruz said.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer have downplayed the impeachment storyline, saying they'd have more urgent priorities if Democrats retake control of Congress. Meanwhile, however, billionaire Democratic backer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/10/569716809/democrats-weigh-the-political-risks-of-calling-for-trumps-impeachment\">Tom Steyer is running his own public campaign\u003c/a> on behalf of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever happens, Mueller's team has demonstrated an amazing ability to hold information tightly. His attorneys and investigators may be the only people who have a complete sense of what's coming next in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Could+Be+Coming+Next+In+Robert+Mueller%27s+Russia+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Father of the Internet Sees His Invention Reflected Back Through a 'Black Mirror'",
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"headTitle": "The Father of the Internet Sees His Invention Reflected Back Through a ‘Black Mirror’ | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 1984, two men were thinking a lot about the Internet. One of them invented it. The other is an artist who would see its impact on society with uncanny prescience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First is the man often called “the father of the Internet,” Vint Cerf. Between the early 1970s and early ’80s, he led a team of scientists supported by research from the Defense Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Cerf was trying to create an Internet through which scientists and academics from all over the world could share data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day in 1988, Cerf says he went to a conference for commercial vendors where they were selling products for the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just stood there thinking, ‘My God! Somebody thinks they’re going to make money out of the Internet.’ ” Cerf was surprised and happy. “I was a big proponent of that. My friends in the community thought I was nuts. ‘Why would you let the unwashed masses get access to the Internet?’ And I said, ‘Because I want everybody to take advantage of its capability.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682937/587195961\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, Cerf is an optimist. That is what allowed him to dream big. But, in retrospect, some of the decisions his team made seem hopelessly naive, especially for a bunch of geniuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They made it possible to surf the Internet anonymously — unlike a telephone, you don’t have a unique number that announces who you are. We know how that turned out. People with less lofty ambitions than Cerf used that loophole for cybercrime, international espionage and online harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerf admits all that dark stuff never crossed his mind. “And we have to cope with that — I mean, welcome to the real world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a way, why would Cerf have imagined all this? He was a scientist deeply engaged in solving a great technical problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the \"father of the Internet.\" He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the “father of the Internet.” He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Cerf and his colleagues were busy inventing, the young aspiring science fiction writer William Gibson was looking for a place to set his first novel. Gibson was living in Seattle, and he had friends who worked in the budding tech industry. They told him about computers and the Internet, “and I was sitting with a yellow legal pad trying to come up with trippy names for a new arena in which science fiction could be staged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Gibson came up with: cyberspace. And for a guy who had never seen it, he did a great job describing it in that 1984 book, \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>: “A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow Gibson was able to imagine the potential scale of it — all those computers connected together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ksesNCAmwR6qaXhjyHE0yRJ34BYVJ0Ab”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it isn’t just the Internet that Gibson saw coming. In \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>, the Internet has become dominated by huge multinational corporations fighting off hackers. The main character is a washed-up criminal hacker who goes to work for an ex-military officer to regain his glory. And get this: The ex-military guy is deeply involved in cyber-espionage between the U.S. and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson says he didn’t need to try a computer or see the Internet to imagine this future. “The first people to embrace a technology are the first to lose the ability to see it objectively,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s more interested in how people behave around new technologies. He likes to tell a story about how TV changed New York City neighborhoods in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer people sat out on the stoops at night and talked to their neighbors, and it was because everyone was inside watching television,” he says. “No one really noticed it at the time as a kind of epochal event, which I think it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of covering Silicon Valley and speaking with brilliant inventors, I found Gibson’s point a revelation. Our tech entrepreneurs are focused almost exclusively on how their devices will be used by individuals — not how those devices will change society. They want to make things that are addictive and entertaining. That is why I’ve started to take science fiction more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sci-fi artists looking at today’s latest technologies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498683379/black-mirror-creator-dramatizes-our-worst-nightmares-about-technology\">Charlie Brooker\u003c/a>, the creator and writer of the Netflix show \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pRj5t3aSlyGPaGOIkkU8A5fxKRS3WLQb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker has a certain amount of frustration with the leaders in tech. “It’s felt like tech companies have for years just put this stuff out there,” he says. “And they distance themselves from the effects of their product effectively by saying, ‘Oh, we’re just offering a service.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker sees each new technology more like an untested drug waiting to launch us on a very bad trip. Each episode of \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em> is like its own laboratory testing a technology that is already out, but pushing it by mixing in common human behaviors and desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one episode, everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/24/13379204/black-mirror-season-3-episode-1-nosedive-recap\">ranks one another\u003c/a> on how well they interact socially in real time. It’s like Yelp on steroids. The result is a nightmare society — every smile is forced; it’s impossible to be honest with anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another episode, a grieving women hires a service that scans social media and other accounts of her deceased lover. It uses the information to bring him back as a humanoid robot. He speaks and responds almost exactly like the man she lost. And in case you’re wondering: Such technology is \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/896207/death-technology-will-allow-grieving-people-to-bring-back-their-loved-ones-from-the-dead-digitally/\">already in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”egwQHUAix0ujlZTr6aUl9EJRXPpDPD38″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker says he does admire inventors. He knows he could never be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could scarcely have invented the shoe,” Brooker says. “I’d be worrying that that would restrict your feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a kind of optimism that it takes to be an inventor. But the father of the Internet thinks inventors need the artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the mind-stretching practice of trying to think what the implications of technology will be that makes me enjoy science fiction,” Cerf says. “It teaches me that when you’re inventing something you should try to think about what the consequences might be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists are the ones who recognize a fundamental truth: Human nature hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time, no matter what fancy new tools you give us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Father+Of+The+Internet+Sees+His+Invention+Reflected+Back+Through+A+%27Black+Mirror%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1984, two men were thinking a lot about the Internet. One of them invented it. The other is an artist who would see its impact on society with uncanny prescience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First is the man often called “the father of the Internet,” Vint Cerf. Between the early 1970s and early ’80s, he led a team of scientists supported by research from the Defense Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Cerf was trying to create an Internet through which scientists and academics from all over the world could share data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day in 1988, Cerf says he went to a conference for commercial vendors where they were selling products for the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just stood there thinking, ‘My God! Somebody thinks they’re going to make money out of the Internet.’ ” Cerf was surprised and happy. “I was a big proponent of that. My friends in the community thought I was nuts. ‘Why would you let the unwashed masses get access to the Internet?’ And I said, ‘Because I want everybody to take advantage of its capability.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682937/587195961\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, Cerf is an optimist. That is what allowed him to dream big. But, in retrospect, some of the decisions his team made seem hopelessly naive, especially for a bunch of geniuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They made it possible to surf the Internet anonymously — unlike a telephone, you don’t have a unique number that announces who you are. We know how that turned out. People with less lofty ambitions than Cerf used that loophole for cybercrime, international espionage and online harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerf admits all that dark stuff never crossed his mind. “And we have to cope with that — I mean, welcome to the real world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a way, why would Cerf have imagined all this? He was a scientist deeply engaged in solving a great technical problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the \"father of the Internet.\" He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the “father of the Internet.” He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Cerf and his colleagues were busy inventing, the young aspiring science fiction writer William Gibson was looking for a place to set his first novel. Gibson was living in Seattle, and he had friends who worked in the budding tech industry. They told him about computers and the Internet, “and I was sitting with a yellow legal pad trying to come up with trippy names for a new arena in which science fiction could be staged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Gibson came up with: cyberspace. And for a guy who had never seen it, he did a great job describing it in that 1984 book, \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>: “A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow Gibson was able to imagine the potential scale of it — all those computers connected together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it isn’t just the Internet that Gibson saw coming. In \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>, the Internet has become dominated by huge multinational corporations fighting off hackers. The main character is a washed-up criminal hacker who goes to work for an ex-military officer to regain his glory. And get this: The ex-military guy is deeply involved in cyber-espionage between the U.S. and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson says he didn’t need to try a computer or see the Internet to imagine this future. “The first people to embrace a technology are the first to lose the ability to see it objectively,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s more interested in how people behave around new technologies. He likes to tell a story about how TV changed New York City neighborhoods in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer people sat out on the stoops at night and talked to their neighbors, and it was because everyone was inside watching television,” he says. “No one really noticed it at the time as a kind of epochal event, which I think it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of covering Silicon Valley and speaking with brilliant inventors, I found Gibson’s point a revelation. Our tech entrepreneurs are focused almost exclusively on how their devices will be used by individuals — not how those devices will change society. They want to make things that are addictive and entertaining. That is why I’ve started to take science fiction more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sci-fi artists looking at today’s latest technologies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498683379/black-mirror-creator-dramatizes-our-worst-nightmares-about-technology\">Charlie Brooker\u003c/a>, the creator and writer of the Netflix show \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker has a certain amount of frustration with the leaders in tech. “It’s felt like tech companies have for years just put this stuff out there,” he says. “And they distance themselves from the effects of their product effectively by saying, ‘Oh, we’re just offering a service.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker sees each new technology more like an untested drug waiting to launch us on a very bad trip. Each episode of \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em> is like its own laboratory testing a technology that is already out, but pushing it by mixing in common human behaviors and desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one episode, everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/24/13379204/black-mirror-season-3-episode-1-nosedive-recap\">ranks one another\u003c/a> on how well they interact socially in real time. It’s like Yelp on steroids. The result is a nightmare society — every smile is forced; it’s impossible to be honest with anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another episode, a grieving women hires a service that scans social media and other accounts of her deceased lover. It uses the information to bring him back as a humanoid robot. He speaks and responds almost exactly like the man she lost. And in case you’re wondering: Such technology is \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/896207/death-technology-will-allow-grieving-people-to-bring-back-their-loved-ones-from-the-dead-digitally/\">already in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker says he does admire inventors. He knows he could never be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could scarcely have invented the shoe,” Brooker says. “I’d be worrying that that would restrict your feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a kind of optimism that it takes to be an inventor. But the father of the Internet thinks inventors need the artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the mind-stretching practice of trying to think what the implications of technology will be that makes me enjoy science fiction,” Cerf says. “It teaches me that when you’re inventing something you should try to think about what the consequences might be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists are the ones who recognize a fundamental truth: Human nature hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time, no matter what fancy new tools you give us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Father+Of+The+Internet+Sees+His+Invention+Reflected+Back+Through+A+%27Black+Mirror%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program and Congress, no one seems to know what comes next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three approaches to making DACA permanent came up for a vote in the Senate on Thursday, and all three failed. A majority of lawmakers backed two narrow bills that would allow DACA protectees to live in the country legally and also increase funding for border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an aggressive veto threat from the White House killed the chances of the bipartisan approach crafted by Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and other moderate lawmakers from both parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"B2xxlVYBiGoueDaqmXlQvIXkTUbnfoeS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is rejecting any measure that doesn't also narrow legal immigration. After telling legislators in January that he would sign anything that passed Congress, Trump has now tanked two bipartisan compromises. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But notably, the bill backed by the White House got far less support than any other measure Thursday, winning just 39 votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday morning, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/964512164865363968\">tried to put the blame\u003c/a> for the lack of progress on Democrats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/964512164865363968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/546423550/trump-signals-end-to-daca-calls-on-congress-to-act\">set the March 5 expiration date\u003c/a> for DACA, a program that offers protections for immigrants in the U.S. illegally who came to the country as children. At the time, the White House called on Congress to come up with a more permanent solution as part of a broader immigration overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that deadline is inching closer and closer, and Congress is out next week on recess. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with ongoing court battles over the program, DACA will almost certainly stay in place beyond March 5. Two separate federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/13/585597527/second-federal-court-blocks-trump-from-rescinding-daca\">blocked the president from ending the program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/586324098/586362037\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until further notice, the DACA policy will be operated on the terms in place before it was rescinded on Sept. 5, 2017,\" a spokesman for the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services told NPR. The agency continues to accept renewal applications for people whose status expired after Trump began the process of ending DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because of that — and because of Congress' inability to pass a fix — some leaders are beginning to say DACA doesn't necessarily need to be addressed before March 5. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think this deadline's an important deadline. Obviously with the court ruling it's not as important as it was before, given the court rulings,\" said House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"w5sfH3ErnMijboxLkP3r3pvExZZw4Aic\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan said he still wants Congress to operate with some urgency. \"I think this place works better with deadlines, and we want to operate on deadlines. We clearly need to address this issue in March,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A potential slide from March 5 to sometime in March has Democrats worried. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the speaker to say this could go to March 5, to the end of March, means he doesn't know the fear that [the White House] has instilled into the families and into the hearts of these children,\" House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said, referring to people whose protected status has expired or would be eliminated if future court rulings eliminate DACA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think the end of March has viability to it. Let's just get on with it,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: With both narrow and broad approaches failing in the Senate this week, it's not clear what, if anything, could win support of the House, Senate and the White House. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+March+5+DACA+Deadline+Meaningful+Anymore%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But notably, the bill backed by the White House got far less support than any other measure Thursday, winning just 39 votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday morning, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/964512164865363968\">tried to put the blame\u003c/a> for the lack of progress on Democrats. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In September, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/546423550/trump-signals-end-to-daca-calls-on-congress-to-act\">set the March 5 expiration date\u003c/a> for DACA, a program that offers protections for immigrants in the U.S. illegally who came to the country as children. At the time, the White House called on Congress to come up with a more permanent solution as part of a broader immigration overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that deadline is inching closer and closer, and Congress is out next week on recess. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with ongoing court battles over the program, DACA will almost certainly stay in place beyond March 5. Two separate federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/13/585597527/second-federal-court-blocks-trump-from-rescinding-daca\">blocked the president from ending the program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/586324098/586362037\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until further notice, the DACA policy will be operated on the terms in place before it was rescinded on Sept. 5, 2017,\" a spokesman for the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services told NPR. The agency continues to accept renewal applications for people whose status expired after Trump began the process of ending DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because of that — and because of Congress' inability to pass a fix — some leaders are beginning to say DACA doesn't necessarily need to be addressed before March 5. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think this deadline's an important deadline. Obviously with the court ruling it's not as important as it was before, given the court rulings,\" said House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan said he still wants Congress to operate with some urgency. \"I think this place works better with deadlines, and we want to operate on deadlines. We clearly need to address this issue in March,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A potential slide from March 5 to sometime in March has Democrats worried. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the speaker to say this could go to March 5, to the end of March, means he doesn't know the fear that [the White House] has instilled into the families and into the hearts of these children,\" House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said, referring to people whose protected status has expired or would be eliminated if future court rulings eliminate DACA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think the end of March has viability to it. Let's just get on with it,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: With both narrow and broad approaches failing in the Senate this week, it's not clear what, if anything, could win support of the House, Senate and the White House. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+March+5+DACA+Deadline+Meaningful+Anymore%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fate of 'Dreamers' Unclear After Senate Rejects Series of Immigration Bills",
"title": "Fate of 'Dreamers' Unclear After Senate Rejects Series of Immigration Bills",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Senate rejected a series of immigration proposals before a self-imposed Friday deadline, leaving lawmakers with no plan to address the fate of an estimated 1.8 million young \"Dreamer\" immigrants brought to the United States as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defeat follows a rocky 24 hours of negotiations on a bipartisan bill that failed following a veto threat from President Trump. By \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107827/Senate/115-2/36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 39-60 vote\u003c/a>, senators rejected a White House-backed plan that became a partisan lightning rod after Trump insisted his plan was the only one he would sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the failed vote, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, implored senators to vote for the White House bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is it in a sense,\" Grassley said on the Senate floor. \"The only plan that can become law because the president said he would sign it. This is it. This is your last chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans abandoned the bipartisan plan following the White House veto threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/585794696/585972025\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan, negotiated by a group of roughly 22 Republicans and Democrats, included a 12-year path to citizenship for the 1.8 million Dreamers. Some 700,000 members of that group have registered with the Obama administration's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which Trump has promised to end early next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's other main components included $25 billion to pay for Trump's long-sought border wall and limits on which family members Dreamers would be able to sponsor for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill -- which under a specially adopted rule required 60 votes to advance -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107826/Senate/115-2/35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failed 54-45\u003c/a>. All but three Democrats voted in favor of the plan; among those voting against the bill was California Democratic Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While this bill would put Dreamers on a pathway toward citizenship, the appropriation of $25 billion for a border wall is a waste of taxpayer money,\" Harris said in a statement. \"A wall will not secure our border and I remain concerned those billions of dollars may also be used to implement this Administration’s anti-immigrant agenda – one that targets California and its residents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's senior senator, Democrat Dianne Feinstein, voted for the compromise bill. After it failed, she tweeted, \"Republicans have blocked every solution for Dreamers. I'm beyond heartbroken, I’m disgusted.\" But she said efforts to protect Dreamers would continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SenFeinstein/status/964275256771915776\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third proposal, by Sens. Chris Coons, D-Delaware, and John McCain, R-Arizona, would have created a path to citizenship for the Dreamers and did not include funds for Trump's border wall. That bill failed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107824/Senate/115-2/33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">52-47\u003c/a>. Both Feinstein and Harris voted for the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether those currently protected under DACA will immediately lose legal protections if the White House repeals the program as planned on March 5. Court orders by a pair of federal judges in New York and California have blocked the administration's plans to end the program, meaning the government is required to continue processing renewal requests from people already enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Senators Frustrated\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The veto threat and other White House intervention frustrated Democrats and those Republicans who helped craft the bipartisan bill. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., expressed irritation that the White House was relying heavily on hard-line immigration advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got the most extreme characters in town running the show,\" Graham told reporters. \"What do you expect?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GOP-written Grassley bill would have allowed 1.8 million immigrants a chance to apply for citizenship. In exchange, the bill scaled back current legal immigration by ending the visa lottery system and cutting family-based immigration policies, which the president and many conservatives refer to as \"chain migration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Wednesday, Trump said he would reject any bill that did not meet his four pillars: \"A lasting solution on DACA, ending chain migration, cancelling the visa lottery, and securing the border through building the wall and closing legal loopholes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am asking all senators, in both parties, to support the Grassley bill and to oppose any legislation that fails to fulfill these four pillars,\" Trump said in a statement. \"That includes opposing any short-term 'Band-Aid' approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions were high as senators began to rally around Trump's demands on Wednesday. A visibly frustrated Grassley vented to reporters that Democrats needed to drop their opposition to the family-related portions of the bill and embrace the only offer Trump has embraced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Democrats have been pleading for months and months and months for justice on this,\" Grassley said. \"Now you've got a compassionate president who has gone way beyond what they ever thought he would do. Why would they turn it down?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Fails+To+Advance+Any+Immigration+Proposals&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Senate roundly rejects Trump ultimatum, but also fails to pass compromise legislation. Votes leave status of 1.8 million immigrants brought to the U.S. as children in question. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Senate rejected a series of immigration proposals before a self-imposed Friday deadline, leaving lawmakers with no plan to address the fate of an estimated 1.8 million young \"Dreamer\" immigrants brought to the United States as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defeat follows a rocky 24 hours of negotiations on a bipartisan bill that failed following a veto threat from President Trump. By \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107827/Senate/115-2/36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 39-60 vote\u003c/a>, senators rejected a White House-backed plan that became a partisan lightning rod after Trump insisted his plan was the only one he would sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the failed vote, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, implored senators to vote for the White House bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is it in a sense,\" Grassley said on the Senate floor. \"The only plan that can become law because the president said he would sign it. This is it. This is your last chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans abandoned the bipartisan plan following the White House veto threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/585794696/585972025\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan, negotiated by a group of roughly 22 Republicans and Democrats, included a 12-year path to citizenship for the 1.8 million Dreamers. Some 700,000 members of that group have registered with the Obama administration's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which Trump has promised to end early next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's other main components included $25 billion to pay for Trump's long-sought border wall and limits on which family members Dreamers would be able to sponsor for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill -- which under a specially adopted rule required 60 votes to advance -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107826/Senate/115-2/35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failed 54-45\u003c/a>. All but three Democrats voted in favor of the plan; among those voting against the bill was California Democratic Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While this bill would put Dreamers on a pathway toward citizenship, the appropriation of $25 billion for a border wall is a waste of taxpayer money,\" Harris said in a statement. \"A wall will not secure our border and I remain concerned those billions of dollars may also be used to implement this Administration’s anti-immigrant agenda – one that targets California and its residents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's senior senator, Democrat Dianne Feinstein, voted for the compromise bill. After it failed, she tweeted, \"Republicans have blocked every solution for Dreamers. I'm beyond heartbroken, I’m disgusted.\" But she said efforts to protect Dreamers would continue.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A third proposal, by Sens. Chris Coons, D-Delaware, and John McCain, R-Arizona, would have created a path to citizenship for the Dreamers and did not include funds for Trump's border wall. That bill failed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/congress/votes/?107824/Senate/115-2/33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">52-47\u003c/a>. Both Feinstein and Harris voted for the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether those currently protected under DACA will immediately lose legal protections if the White House repeals the program as planned on March 5. Court orders by a pair of federal judges in New York and California have blocked the administration's plans to end the program, meaning the government is required to continue processing renewal requests from people already enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Senators Frustrated\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The veto threat and other White House intervention frustrated Democrats and those Republicans who helped craft the bipartisan bill. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., expressed irritation that the White House was relying heavily on hard-line immigration advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got the most extreme characters in town running the show,\" Graham told reporters. \"What do you expect?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GOP-written Grassley bill would have allowed 1.8 million immigrants a chance to apply for citizenship. In exchange, the bill scaled back current legal immigration by ending the visa lottery system and cutting family-based immigration policies, which the president and many conservatives refer to as \"chain migration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Wednesday, Trump said he would reject any bill that did not meet his four pillars: \"A lasting solution on DACA, ending chain migration, cancelling the visa lottery, and securing the border through building the wall and closing legal loopholes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am asking all senators, in both parties, to support the Grassley bill and to oppose any legislation that fails to fulfill these four pillars,\" Trump said in a statement. \"That includes opposing any short-term 'Band-Aid' approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions were high as senators began to rally around Trump's demands on Wednesday. A visibly frustrated Grassley vented to reporters that Democrats needed to drop their opposition to the family-related portions of the bill and embrace the only offer Trump has embraced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Democrats have been pleading for months and months and months for justice on this,\" Grassley said. \"Now you've got a compassionate president who has gone way beyond what they ever thought he would do. Why would they turn it down?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Fails+To+Advance+Any+Immigration+Proposals&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is There Any Way for Schools to Prevent Shootings?",
"title": "Is There Any Way for Schools to Prevent Shootings?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Could anyone have stopped this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one of the biggest questions for schools and educators as the nation takes in the facts of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/15/585988845/parkland-fla-is-the-latest-community-to-suffer-a-mass-shooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting in Parkland, Florida\u003c/a>, that has left 17 dead and 23 injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. remains a global outlier by far when it comes to mass shootings, and owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/world/americas/mass-shootings-us-international.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">42 percent of the world's guns\u003c/a>, the fact is that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/11/17/564644456/how-mass-shootings-are-forcing-schools-to-re-evaluate-safety\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most schools in the country\u003c/a> have taken steps to prepare for this kind of threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Columbine massacre in Colorado in 1999, schools have changed the way they respond to both potential threats and actual attacks. And they've done so even without coordinated federal oversight or much in the way of dedicated resources, either for training, safety or broader prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/586022815/586172097\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warning Signs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is no one profile of those who cause violent deaths in schools, other than the fact that they tend to be male. In addition, no federal law requires K-12 schools to report violent crimes, which means there is no central repository of such reports. (There is such a law for colleges and universities).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CnVQBOEiHWKmPDCCXjdjCOZpJy3nHQW4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National School Safety Center, a nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.schoolsafety.us/media-resources/checklist-of-characteristics-of-youth-who-have-caused-school-associated-violent-deaths\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has compiled a list \u003c/a>of the following pattern of behaviors from published reports of students and former students who have caused violent school deaths, which include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Violent temper\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Has brought a weapon to school\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Serious disciplinary problems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fringe of his peer group\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bullies peers or is an abusive partner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preoccupied with weapons\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Has been expelled from school\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cruelty to animals\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lack of family supervision\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prefers violent themes in media\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Depressed or suicidal\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>From what we know about the alleged perpetrator in Florida, so far, he satisfies almost every one of these. And of course these indicators often show up on social media these days. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/15/nikolas-cruz-who-florida-shooting-suspect-social-media/340092002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they did here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools' Ability to Respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What we also know so far in Florida is that the school seemed to take this student's behaviors very seriously. He was\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/14/585908507/what-we-know-about-the-florida-school-shooting-suspect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> expelled for disciplinary reasons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every young person who displays these behaviors is an imminent threat to the public. There is no 1-to-1 correlation between any mental health issue and criminal behavior. In fact, people struggling with mental health issues are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1THuKrViiprHPeKAlkJASDjxmCIFxlEm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, what each of these red flags has in common are clear indicators of someone who needs mental health intervention and support. But there is a dearth of resources for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in five K-12 students in the United States has a mental health problem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/08/31/464727159/mental-health-in-schools-a-hidden-crisis-affecting-millions-of-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as we've reported\u003c/a>. But four out of five of those problems go untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part that may be because, on average nationwide, each school counselor is responsible for nearly 500 students. And there is just one school psychologist for every 1,400 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Incidents Prevented\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They don't always make the headlines, but in at least 21 cases since 2001, family members, classmates or school authorities have reported young people who seem to be planning school attacks. The details of these cases are eerily similar: a stockpile of weapons, maps, a threat written in a school assignment or posted on social media. The reports have led to charges as serious as attempted murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5159578/student-suspect-washington-state-school-shooting-plot/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Just this week\u003c/a>, in Everett, Washington, a grandmother reported her 18-year-old grandson to police. She showed the officers a journal that allegedly included detailed plans of different weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And exactly 17 years before Parkland, on Valentine's Day 2001, an 18-year-old was arrested at school in Elmira, New York. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/17/nyregion/specter-of-armed-attack-at-school-shakes-elmira.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to\u003c/a> \u003cem>The New York Times:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[A] senior at Southside High School passed a disturbing note to another student. That student gave the note to a teacher, who alerted school administrators. A police officer was dispatched ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer found him in the school cafeteria, armed with a .22-caliber Ruger semiautomatic, the police said. Beside him was a duffel bag crammed with 14 pipe bombs, 3 carbon dioxide cartridge bombs filled with gunpowder, one propane bomb and a sawed-off shotgun with several rounds of pellets.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>Policy Changes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prevention can be looked at through a broader lens, too. There's a growing awareness that schools do have a responsibility over their social and emotional climate, and that successful interventions can save lives in multiple ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new federal education law requires states to report data related to school climate and safety. Things like: how safe students feel at school, the prevalence of fights, and even suicidal thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1I4Swh9gDBK8MV8C7H133WTB06qzwWZm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And researchers say that, when this data is reported, it can help target whole-school interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is solid evidence \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/05/11/527416662/school-bullying-is-down-why-dont-students-believe-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backing approaches\u003c/a> like restorative justice, social and emotional curricula, wraparound mental health services and networks of referrals. These big-picture public health approaches can reduce bullying, suicidal ideas and discrimination as well as, potentially, school violence. But it all takes money and training to do well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+There+Any+Way+For+Schools+To+Prevent+Shootings%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Could anyone have stopped this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one of the biggest questions for schools and educators as the nation takes in the facts of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/15/585988845/parkland-fla-is-the-latest-community-to-suffer-a-mass-shooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting in Parkland, Florida\u003c/a>, that has left 17 dead and 23 injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. remains a global outlier by far when it comes to mass shootings, and owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/world/americas/mass-shootings-us-international.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">42 percent of the world's guns\u003c/a>, the fact is that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/11/17/564644456/how-mass-shootings-are-forcing-schools-to-re-evaluate-safety\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most schools in the country\u003c/a> have taken steps to prepare for this kind of threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Columbine massacre in Colorado in 1999, schools have changed the way they respond to both potential threats and actual attacks. And they've done so even without coordinated federal oversight or much in the way of dedicated resources, either for training, safety or broader prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/586022815/586172097\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warning Signs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is no one profile of those who cause violent deaths in schools, other than the fact that they tend to be male. In addition, no federal law requires K-12 schools to report violent crimes, which means there is no central repository of such reports. (There is such a law for colleges and universities).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National School Safety Center, a nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.schoolsafety.us/media-resources/checklist-of-characteristics-of-youth-who-have-caused-school-associated-violent-deaths\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has compiled a list \u003c/a>of the following pattern of behaviors from published reports of students and former students who have caused violent school deaths, which include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Violent temper\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Has brought a weapon to school\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Serious disciplinary problems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fringe of his peer group\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bullies peers or is an abusive partner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Preoccupied with weapons\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Has been expelled from school\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cruelty to animals\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lack of family supervision\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prefers violent themes in media\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Depressed or suicidal\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>From what we know about the alleged perpetrator in Florida, so far, he satisfies almost every one of these. And of course these indicators often show up on social media these days. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/15/nikolas-cruz-who-florida-shooting-suspect-social-media/340092002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they did here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools' Ability to Respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What we also know so far in Florida is that the school seemed to take this student's behaviors very seriously. He was\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/14/585908507/what-we-know-about-the-florida-school-shooting-suspect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> expelled for disciplinary reasons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every young person who displays these behaviors is an imminent threat to the public. There is no 1-to-1 correlation between any mental health issue and criminal behavior. In fact, people struggling with mental health issues are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, what each of these red flags has in common are clear indicators of someone who needs mental health intervention and support. But there is a dearth of resources for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in five K-12 students in the United States has a mental health problem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/08/31/464727159/mental-health-in-schools-a-hidden-crisis-affecting-millions-of-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as we've reported\u003c/a>. But four out of five of those problems go untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part that may be because, on average nationwide, each school counselor is responsible for nearly 500 students. And there is just one school psychologist for every 1,400 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Incidents Prevented\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>They don't always make the headlines, but in at least 21 cases since 2001, family members, classmates or school authorities have reported young people who seem to be planning school attacks. The details of these cases are eerily similar: a stockpile of weapons, maps, a threat written in a school assignment or posted on social media. The reports have led to charges as serious as attempted murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5159578/student-suspect-washington-state-school-shooting-plot/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Just this week\u003c/a>, in Everett, Washington, a grandmother reported her 18-year-old grandson to police. She showed the officers a journal that allegedly included detailed plans of different weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And exactly 17 years before Parkland, on Valentine's Day 2001, an 18-year-old was arrested at school in Elmira, New York. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/17/nyregion/specter-of-armed-attack-at-school-shakes-elmira.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to\u003c/a> \u003cem>The New York Times:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[A] senior at Southside High School passed a disturbing note to another student. That student gave the note to a teacher, who alerted school administrators. A police officer was dispatched ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer found him in the school cafeteria, armed with a .22-caliber Ruger semiautomatic, the police said. Beside him was a duffel bag crammed with 14 pipe bombs, 3 carbon dioxide cartridge bombs filled with gunpowder, one propane bomb and a sawed-off shotgun with several rounds of pellets.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>Policy Changes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prevention can be looked at through a broader lens, too. There's a growing awareness that schools do have a responsibility over their social and emotional climate, and that successful interventions can save lives in multiple ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new federal education law requires states to report data related to school climate and safety. Things like: how safe students feel at school, the prevalence of fights, and even suicidal thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And researchers say that, when this data is reported, it can help target whole-school interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is solid evidence \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/05/11/527416662/school-bullying-is-down-why-dont-students-believe-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backing approaches\u003c/a> like restorative justice, social and emotional curricula, wraparound mental health services and networks of referrals. These big-picture public health approaches can reduce bullying, suicidal ideas and discrimination as well as, potentially, school violence. But it all takes money and training to do well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+There+Any+Way+For+Schools+To+Prevent+Shootings%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tech Giants Under Pressure Over Russian Opposition Leader's Posts",
"title": "Tech Giants Under Pressure Over Russian Opposition Leader's Posts",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram are being asked to take down videos and photos at the center of a controversy involving a prominent Russian billionaire and a senior Russian government official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This follows a high-profile investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQZr2NgKPiU#action=share\">into the men's relationship\u003c/a> by Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Russian federal communications oversight agency Roskomnadzor \"ordered YouTube to remove seven videos and ordered Instagram to take down 14 posts, all cited in the investigation,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/world/europe/russia-youtube-instagram-navalny.html\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. \"The companies were given three business days to block access to the content, or face investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time has almost run out. Three days will have elapsed Wednesday evening, Russian local time, according \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/navalny/status/963695906624360448\">to Navalny\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation routinely publish investigations targeting corruption in companies and government in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lV4230JjmiqXTUbnWMCp9EE0CF26v181\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest offering is centered on Instagram posts and a book written by a woman who goes by Nastya Rybka, who talks about how she seeks to work as an escort for oligarchs. According to Navalny's video, Rybka's posts and book show that metals magnate Oleg Deripaska treated Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko to a lavish weekend aboard his yacht in the days leading up to the 2016 U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny makes these claims about the August 2016 boat trip by triangulating Rybka's social media posts and book with geolocation and publicly available maritime and aviation records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deripaska has an \"unusually public persona\" for a Russian businessman, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/05/531588442/russian-businessman-with-ties-to-ex-trump-campaign-official-comes-under-scrutiny\">NPR's Brian Naylor has reported\u003c/a>. He's a Putin ally and also once had close ties to former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort, though one of Deripaska's companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577323314/paul-manafort-sued-by-russian-oligarchs-company-over-business-deal\">recently filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against Manafort over a business deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A member of Navalny's team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oksana_baulina/status/963132270927339522\">posted a screen shot of a message\u003c/a> the team allegedly received from YouTube and Google, demanding that he take down one of the videos where he discusses the allegedly corrupt dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message, purportedly from YouTube's legal team, says that it received a claim from Roskomnadzor that the video violates a Russian law and has been blacklisted. \"If you do not remove the content, Google may be required to block it,\" the message states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wNHZuC5bxmWXhBM0LFcd1KvB5hIH23K7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram did not immediately respond to NPR's requests for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/don-t-cave-in-to-kremlin-navalny-tells-tech-giants-rn8jhwmhv\">Navalny is asking\u003c/a> that they do not accede to the government's demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roskomnadzor blacklisted the posts after Deripaska filed a lawsuit, prompting a court injunction demanding their removal, \u003ca href=\"https://themoscowtimes.com/news/google-warns-navalny-over-sex-graft-investigation-60484\">according to The Moscow Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> notes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The tactic may signal a more aggressive approach by the Russian government in its bid to rein in social media and video-sharing websites popular in the country. Since not all internet service providers in Russia are able to cut access to individual web pages, they may be forced to block YouTube and Instagram if the companies fail to comply with the Roskomnadzor order.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Navalny has suggested that he is being targeted due to his calls to boycott the 2018 presidential election, which he calls rigged for Putin. He wasn't allowed to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm definitely not alone, and I'm not some kind of dissident,\" he said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/08/584369719/banned-from-election-putin-foe-navalny-pursues-politics-by-other-means\">in a recent interview\u003c/a> with NPR's Lucian Kim. \"If you take any of my anti-corruption investigations or any points from my political platform, I'm sure the majority of Russian citizens would support me — and that's why I wasn't allowed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tech+Giants+Under+Pressure+Over+Russian+Opposition+Leader%27s+Posts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "YouTube and Instagram are reportedly facing the prospect of sanction in Russia if they do not remove posts implicating a Russian billionaire and a senior Russian government official.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram are being asked to take down videos and photos at the center of a controversy involving a prominent Russian billionaire and a senior Russian government official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This follows a high-profile investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQZr2NgKPiU#action=share\">into the men's relationship\u003c/a> by Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Russian federal communications oversight agency Roskomnadzor \"ordered YouTube to remove seven videos and ordered Instagram to take down 14 posts, all cited in the investigation,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/world/europe/russia-youtube-instagram-navalny.html\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. \"The companies were given three business days to block access to the content, or face investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time has almost run out. Three days will have elapsed Wednesday evening, Russian local time, according \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/navalny/status/963695906624360448\">to Navalny\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation routinely publish investigations targeting corruption in companies and government in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest offering is centered on Instagram posts and a book written by a woman who goes by Nastya Rybka, who talks about how she seeks to work as an escort for oligarchs. According to Navalny's video, Rybka's posts and book show that metals magnate Oleg Deripaska treated Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko to a lavish weekend aboard his yacht in the days leading up to the 2016 U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny makes these claims about the August 2016 boat trip by triangulating Rybka's social media posts and book with geolocation and publicly available maritime and aviation records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deripaska has an \"unusually public persona\" for a Russian businessman, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/05/531588442/russian-businessman-with-ties-to-ex-trump-campaign-official-comes-under-scrutiny\">NPR's Brian Naylor has reported\u003c/a>. He's a Putin ally and also once had close ties to former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort, though one of Deripaska's companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577323314/paul-manafort-sued-by-russian-oligarchs-company-over-business-deal\">recently filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against Manafort over a business deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A member of Navalny's team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oksana_baulina/status/963132270927339522\">posted a screen shot of a message\u003c/a> the team allegedly received from YouTube and Google, demanding that he take down one of the videos where he discusses the allegedly corrupt dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message, purportedly from YouTube's legal team, says that it received a claim from Roskomnadzor that the video violates a Russian law and has been blacklisted. \"If you do not remove the content, Google may be required to block it,\" the message states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram did not immediately respond to NPR's requests for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/don-t-cave-in-to-kremlin-navalny-tells-tech-giants-rn8jhwmhv\">Navalny is asking\u003c/a> that they do not accede to the government's demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roskomnadzor blacklisted the posts after Deripaska filed a lawsuit, prompting a court injunction demanding their removal, \u003ca href=\"https://themoscowtimes.com/news/google-warns-navalny-over-sex-graft-investigation-60484\">according to The Moscow Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> notes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The tactic may signal a more aggressive approach by the Russian government in its bid to rein in social media and video-sharing websites popular in the country. Since not all internet service providers in Russia are able to cut access to individual web pages, they may be forced to block YouTube and Instagram if the companies fail to comply with the Roskomnadzor order.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Navalny has suggested that he is being targeted due to his calls to boycott the 2018 presidential election, which he calls rigged for Putin. He wasn't allowed to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm definitely not alone, and I'm not some kind of dissident,\" he said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/08/584369719/banned-from-election-putin-foe-navalny-pursues-politics-by-other-means\">in a recent interview\u003c/a> with NPR's Lucian Kim. \"If you take any of my anti-corruption investigations or any points from my political platform, I'm sure the majority of Russian citizens would support me — and that's why I wasn't allowed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tech+Giants+Under+Pressure+Over+Russian+Opposition+Leader%27s+Posts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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